Tokelau Renewable Energy Project

Tokelau Renewable Energy Project
First Nation in the World to be 100% Solar Powered
First Nation in the World to meet its Kyoto Commitments
Shane Robinson
ABOUT TOKELAU
Atafu
Nukunonu
• 530 km North of Samoa
• Located half way between New Zealand and Hawaii
• 12 km2 of total land area
• Population of 1411 (Oct 2011)
Fakaofo
ABOUT TOKELAU – MAX HEIGHT 5M
FAKAOFO – ISLAND OF FALE
EXISTING LOADS AND REQUIREMENTS
Fakaofo
Nukunonu
Atafu
Unit
Maximum Recorded Demand
80
66
68
kW
Minimum Recorded Demand
28.2
22.1
24.5
kW
Average Daily Consumption
1,002
698
776
kWh
3 x 100
3 x 80
2 x 80 and
1 x 100
kW
Total 24hr Demand
Diesel Generator Capacity
TYPICAL LOADS
COMMON LOADS
•Fridge / freezers
• Fluorescent lighting
• Fans
• microwave
• Laundry
BANNED LOADS
• Electric ovens
• Water heaters
• Air conditioning
EXISTING POWER SYSTEM
Existing Diesel Power Generation
• 60-100 kW machines on each atoll
• Often only 1 of 3 operational
• Diesel fuel is very expensive to
purchase and transport.
• Spills occur often
• Shortages occur which lead to
controlled blackouts
• Synchronisation of machines not
functioning, overloads occur on Fakaofo
Cluster Design – AC
and DC
coupling – 30 kW
CLUSTER
DESIGN
SYSTEM SIZING
Number of clusters
PV capacity
Number of 230 Wp solar modules
Number of 2V battery cells
Fakaofo
Nukunonu
Atafu
Total
11
8
9
28
364 kWp
265 kWp
298 kWp
927 kWp
1,584
1,152
1,296
4,032
528
384
432
1344
Average daily AC kWh available by PV
clusters to the grid
1,519 kWhAC
Solar fraction (minimum tender spec
was 0.9)
1.58
Days of Battery Autonomy (50% DOD)
1,105 kWhAC 1,243 kWhAC 3867 kWhAC
1.52
1.6
1.6 days 1.6 days 1.6 days
PREPERATION AND RISK MITIGATION
-Prebuilt a full 30 kW cluster
-Testing
-Cable lengths and planning
-Software development for system
monitoring
-Prebuilt 10 kW of mounting
-Verify assembly
-Cable route planning
-Fit for purpose
-Spare equipment
CORROSION PREVENTION
• solar cables all run inside aluminium channel
• 316 stainless steel and marine grade anodised
aluminium
• All aluminium cut, drilled in NZ then anodised
• All fasteners coated in Lanolin grease
• All DC cabling inside UV stabilised conduit
POWERSMART REAL-TIME MONITORING
SMA SUNNY PORTAL – DATA LOGGING
Logistical Challenges
Logistical Challenges
Logistical Challenges
• Weather
• Equipment handling
• More damage at Auckland port then
anywhere else
Fakaofo Challenges - Swamp
Fakaofo Challenges – Inter island freight
• 6 weeks to move freight from Fale to Fenua Fala
• 20 minute commute from home to work (boat + walk)
Fakaofo Challenges – Battery Movement
• No pallet jack
• 584 x 150 kg Batteries moved
individually across 30m room into
place
NUKUNONU – PROXIMITY TO THE SEA
Completed – Fakaofo Solar Array – 364 kW
Completed – Nukunonu Solar Array – 265 kW
Completed – Atafu Solar Array – 298 kW
Completed – Atafu Solar Array – 298 kW
Completed – Atafu Inverter Room
Completed – Fakaofo Inverter Room
Completed – Nukunonu Inverter Room
Completed – Nukunonu Inverter Room
Completed – Nukunonu Battery Room
Completed – Atafu Battery Room
HOW IS IT GOING SO FAR?
•20 % drop in SOC
each night
•97%+ renewable
energy fraction
•Most days spilling
power by 1pm
ANY QUESTIONS?
shane@powersmartsolar.com