unesco - Cerritos High School Model United Nations
Transcription
unesco - Cerritos High School Model United Nations
CERRITOS UNESCO DIRECTOR: ASHIA SHERDSURIYA CERRITOS UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization TABLE OF CONTENTS Welcome Statement ………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………... 2 A Note from Your Director ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Committee Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3 Protection of Journalists ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4 Background ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4 United Nations Involvement ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4 Bloc Positions ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 6 Basic Solutions …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 6 Questions to Consider ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 7 Sources ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 8 1 C ERRITOS H IGH S CHOOL M ODEL U NITED N ATIONS Annual Novice Conference • October 10, 2015 W ELCOME S TATEMENT Justin Cooley Secretary-General daojustincooley@gmail.com Joyce Kye Secretary-General daojoycekye@gmail.com Joseph Shin Under Secretary-General of Conferences Dear Delegates, Welcome to Cerritos Novice 2015! It is our highest honor and pleasure to welcome you to our annual novice conference here at Cerritos High School. On behalf of the Cerritos High School Model United Nations program we are proud to host another year of this long-standing conference. Here at CHS, we take absolute pride in this extensive program and its ability to create new and lasting friendships while also encouraging stimulating and intellectual discussion for high school students all across the globe. The CHSMUN program boasts continually being nationally ranked, while our delegates have the opportunity to compete at conferences all around the nation. Our head chairs are selected from only the best seniors our program has to offer and they undergo a rigorous training process to ensure they are qualified to moderate and grade the quality Sophia Anigbo Under Secretary-General of debate in each of our committees. Our chairs are the same delegates that represent our of Delegate Affairs delegation at universities and conferences to the best of their ability. Our topic synopses daosophiaanigbo@gmail.com have been reviewed and revised countless times to ensure that as a delegate you have the tools and understanding to be successful in committee. Our advisors and staff have put in Betty Zhang countless hours to ensure you have an amazing experience at our conference and that you Under Secretary-General are encouraged to continue on in Model United Nations at your prospective schools. of Finance bettyzhang198@gmail.com With 25 novice committees and 2 middle school committees, CHSMUN 2015 will provide a quality experience for beginners to learn and develop your skills as delegates. daojosephshin@gmail.com Rohan Patel If you have any comments, concerns, or questions, please contact us. We look Under Secretary-General forward to seeing you at CHSMUN Novice 2015! of Technology daorohanpatel@gmail.com Sincerely, Justin Cooley and Joyce Kye Secretary-Generals 2015-2016 2 C ERRITOS H IGH S CHOOL M ODEL U NITED N ATIONS Annual Novice Conference • October 10, 2015 A N OTE FROM YOUR D IRECTOR Justin Cooley Secretary-General daojustincooley@gmail.com Joyce Kye Secretary-General daojoycekye@gmail.com Joseph Shin Welcome fellow delegates, My name is Ashia Sherdsuriya. I'm not joking, that's my name, pronounced Asia. It’s hard introducing that name in MUN, "Hi I represent China and my real name is Ashia." I've been in MUN for four years and honestly, it is the best program in the world. I hope that this conference will inspire a spark of passion for MUN like it did for me. I'm currently a senior and other than slaving away on positions papers, I also enjoy writing music and playing guitar. I'm in love with the band 1975 and 80's music, I'm so addicted. Don't be afraid to ask for help during committee, during lunch, and even after Under Secretary-General session is over! I'm all about heated debate so get ready to protect those journalists! But of Conferences daojosephshin@gmail.com Sophia Anigbo remember, this conference is a learning experience and it’s okay to be lost because its hard to know what to look for. Other than Starbucks, fast food, and my guitar, MUN pretty much tops it all. Under Secretary-General of Delegate Affairs daosophiaanigbo@gmail.com Betty Zhang Under Secretary-General of Finance bettyzhang198@gmail.com Sincerely, Ashia Sherdsuriya Director, UNESCO C OMMITTEE I NTRODUCTION Our committee, UNESCO, stands for United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. This committee focuses on educational aspects as well as cultural Rohan Patel Under Secretary-General and scientific problems in the world. UNESCO's main goal is to foster protection for cultural freedom, scientific advancements, and the education of the world. Over the years, of Technology daorohanpatel@gmail.com UNESCO has been leading groups in empowering the youth in order to educate and inspire technological advances through the internet. ——— Ashia Sherdsuriya UNESCO Director ashiailyapplebottom @yahoo.com 3 CERRITOS UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization PROTECTION OF JOURNALISTS B ACKGROUND According to the CPJ, Committee to Protect Journalists, more than seventy journalists were killed, kidnapped, jailed, or disappeared internationally in 2013. Two thirds of the journalists were reporting within the Middle East and there are at least twenty-three other cases pending for investigation. Over the years, journalists have understood the danger that has come to be expected while reporting in countries such as Pakistan, Somalia, Ukraine, and China. Through each journalist, Committee to Protect Journalists has recorded all instances of their reports and mishaps within different countries. Alarmingly, reporters have a sixty percent of being murdered and a thirty percent chance of being caught in crossfire while covering these dangerous topics within countries such as Ukraine. In 2013, Ukraine ordered officers to disrupt protesters within Kiev and other cities. Fifty-one reporters, local as well as international were assaulted by police officers after reporting the protests over President Viktor. The United Nations declared that November 2nd as “International Day to End Impunity for Crimes against Journalists” since it is the same day that French journalists Ghislaine and Claude were murdered in Mali (CFOM). With thousands of journalists unable to do their job, the strain on information and the public has continued to soar. Different aspects play into the problem of rise in danger for journalists, for instance, Freedom House reported Japan’s issues was China’s political pressure and economic influence Dilemmas between different countries have caused conflict due to imprisonment of foreign journalists. For example, when South Korea indicted multiple Vietnamese journalists claiming slander, both countries refused to bend policies until months later. Certain countries like Ukraine only allow reporters within war zones in groups that are accompanied by military officers at all times. This policy has been met by protesters, but the Ukrainian government ignored all pleas and reporters signed petitions in order to persuade authorities to create reforms. A problem that rose due to mass media is the question of whether bloggers and self proclaimed journalists were promised the rights of those who have credentials. With so many reporters and journalists unable to remain safe, multiple organizations have tried to promote safety precautions for conflict areas. The Free Press Association has provided press conferences for multiple nations in order to create open dialogue between reporters and governments. The Free Press Association worked to promote media freedom to the international community. Countries have banded together to create a more positive environment for journalists through exchange programs that normally last for several months. Through these exchange programs, journalists are exposed to different policies in a safe environment in order to learn about precautions that have to be taken. U NITED N ATIONS I NVOLVEMENT United Nations released their Plan of Action for the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity in 2012 to create an environment free to journalists and media associates. The United Nations released their Plan of Action for the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity in 2012 to create an environment free to journalists and media associates. This Plan of Action focuses on increasing a foundation for peace, communication, and democracy internationally. The plan relies on the cooperation of other countries in order to develop legislation to promote freedom of expression and support pre-existing international guidelines. 4 UNESCO CERRITOS United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization In 2013, South Sudan was the first to adapt the UN Action Plan in order to create a safe state for reporters and media associates. The outlines focus on aiding governments to create and adapt laws to secure journalists’ safety. South Sudan will be able to establish emergency responses to journalists in need as well as creating safe zones for them when reporting in conflict areas. The Action Plan also aims to protect women from rape, sexual harassment, and promotes freelance employees. South Sudan has established these laws with the help of UNESCO, UNMISS, and OHCHR to maintain a safe state for journalists. Later on in the year, the European Court of Human Rights hosted a seminar and inter-regional dialogue on the topic of protecting journalists in their line of work. The council developed more principles that should be followed to protect journalists and reporters under duress while working; the seminar called to the attention of the lack of legal precautions for journalists. The international community also remains aware of the low ratio between investigations to journalists’ jailing and disappearances. Another UN meeting was held in November 2014 where delegates under the 3rd UN Inter-Agency meeting discussed issues over Impunity and strengthening the development of political action within states to protect journalists. In addition, there has also been a shift in focus on female journalists and the type of protection needed for them. Women are often harassed, raped, or even victims of violence while imprisoned. Reports over these incidents are slim due to women journalists’ fear of being ridiculed as too weak for their work and the consequences for the report. According to UNESCO, there have been thirteen hundred incidents of reported and unreported violence inflicted upon female reported within the span of ten years. UNESCO has continued to spread awareness through a website campaign, “Beyond the statistics”. The campaign has translated articles from Ilta-Sanomat’s journalist safety series, which collaborates with World Press Freedom Day. Due to this campaign and the Action plan, multiple bodies of the UN have established “focal points” that exchange information over journalism safety and gather reports for the General Assembly. Essentially there are a lot of aspects that the United Nations has focused on and the biggest issues were physical protection and legal protection. Although United Nations has taken the proper steps to alleviating the issues, but the process is slow and there are still issues of targeted kidnappings for women and LGBT groups. B LOC P OSITIONS Western Bloc Overall the Western Bloc has been known to be an advocate for freedom of press which stimulates protection and proper communication between governments and reporters. Countries such as United States rank fairly high on the freedom of press list according to the Committee to Protect Journalists. The United States values their role through creating as many relationships with countries such as Japan in order to create a safe environment for journalists. Recently, the United States have created exchange programs in order to educate journalist of foreign policies to further protect them. Latin Bloc Latin America has been known to limit freedom of press, which in turn causes multiple mishaps with reporters stationed there. Colombian journalists are frequently threatened by guerrillas, gangs, and politicians that are corrupted. These trends of attacks are seen throughout the entire block tracing back to Venezuela and even Mexico. With this in mind, countries in this region should strive to compromise with other countries as well as finding ways to fix the problem on a local level. 5 UNESCO CERRITOS United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization African Bloc Countries in this region have continued to struggle with press freedom, creating hostility between government and journalists. Countries such as Burkina Faso and Burundi are known to block broadcastings and radio stations as well as suspend them for months. Governments are severely strict with criticism and with that in mind it is of utmost importance that delegates representing this region adhere to country policies while continuing to find alternative ways to fix the problems of disappearing journalists. Asian Bloc Within this region, multiple problems are struck when it comes to journalism. Loose guidelines for reports as well as blurry policies for censorship leaves reporters unable to define grey areas. There is also the problem of countries such as China and North Korea, where journalists, bloggers, and reporters are viewed with hostility and the strict censorship can lead to faulty imprisonments. However, countries such as Japan and Indonesia has recently began making headway in order to protect the rights of journalists by lifting bans on media and collaborating with Western countries to promote World Press Freedom Day. B ASIC S OLUTIONS Some basic solutions over this topic include a breakdown of multiple aspects, physical protection, legislative protection, and awareness. Ultimately solutions must come down to country policy and delegates should focus on not only the government aspects, but the social and political aspect as well. In multiple countries such as Ukraine, strict policy over journalists led to the creation of ATO Zones that governments deem as safe for reporters. These zones are usually under heavy monitoring from the government and military personnel in order for journalists to be protected. During debate, delegates should try to work together with different countries in order to create feasible ways to provide protection to journalists through multifaceted solutions that can be applied to different countries with different policies. Solutions focusing on educating foreign policies as well as cultural differences will allow expansive opportunities for compromise within debate. 6 UNESCO CERRITOS United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Q UESTIONS TO C ONSIDER 1. With new age advancement in social media, does your country consider bloggers and people on social media recipients of protection under journalist’ rights? 2. How will your country create physical protection without violating the sovereignty of others? 3. What is your country’s history with journalism and the protection of journalists? 4. Does your country offer awareness and programs to help journalists? 5. Where does your country fall in accordance to press freedom and the amount of censorship? 7 UNESCO CERRITOS United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization S OURCES 1. "Differences over Japanese Journalist's Indictment Bring Tokyo-Seoul Meeting to Halt - AJW by The Asahi Shimbun." AJW by The Asahi Shimbun RSS. Web. 04 Jan. 2015. 2. "Following Disaster, Free Press Association of Japan Launches." - Committee to Protect Journalists. Web. 04 Jan. 2015. 3. "ICFJ - International Center for Journalists | Advancing Quality Journalism Worldwide." ICFJ - International Center for Journalists | Advancing Quality Journalism Worldwide. Web. 04 Jan. 2015. 4. "Japan." Free Speech and Free Press Around the World. 07 Apr. 2014. Web. 04 Jan. 2015. 5. "Japan Protests South Korea's Indictment of Japanese Reporter." Reuters. Thomson Reuters, 09 Oct. 2014. Web. 04 Jan. 2015. 6. "Japan Releases Chinese Journalists--China's up next." - Committee to Protect Journalists. Web. 04 Jan. 2015. 7. "Japan's State Secret Law Unmolested." The Diplomat. Web. 04 Jan. 2015. 8. "Japan-US Journalists Exchange | East-West Center | Www.eastwestcenter.org." Japan-US Journalists Exchange | East-West Center | Www.eastwestcenter.org. Web. 04 Jan. 2015. 9. "JPRI Working Paper No. 40." JPRI Working Paper No. 40. Web. 04 Jan. 2015. 10. "Perilous times for Journalists | The Japan Times." Japan Times RSS. 11 Jan. 2014. Web. 04 Jan. 2015. 11. "Seminar and Inter-regional Dialogue on the Protection of Journalists 3 November 2014, Strasbourg." Seminar and Inter-regional Dialogue on the Protection of Journalists. Web. 04 Jan. 2015. 12. "Shinzo Abe under Fire over Plan for Tougher Japanese Secrets Law - FT.com." Financial Times. Web. 04 Jan. 2015. 13. "South Sudan to Be 'pilot Country' for New UN Initiative Protecting Journalists." UN News Center. UN, 11 Feb. 2013. Web. 04 Jan. 2015. 14. "10 Journalists Killed in Ukraine since 1992/Motive Confirmed." Journalists Killed in Ukraine. . Web. 04 Jan. 2015. 15. “How Media Can Help. “How Media Can Help Themselves” . Web. 16. "Ukraine." - Committee to Protect Journalists. Web. 04 Jan. 2015. 17. "UN Meeting on Safety of Journalists - Reporters Without Borders." UN Meeting on Safety of Journalists Reporters Without Borders. Web. 04 Jan. 2015. 18. "UN Plan of Action | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization." UN Plan of Action | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Web. 04 Jan. 2015. 19. "UNESCO "Safety of Women Journalists"" UNESCO "Safety of Women Journalists" . Web. 04 Jan. 2015. 8