The Washington State Department of Social and Health Services

v. 5/19/2014
December 1, 2013
The Washington State Department of Social
and Health Services (DSHS), Division of
Behavioral Health and Recovery (DBHR)
DBHR Implementation for Initiative 502 Mandates
The Washington State Department of Social and Health Services (DSHS), Division of Behavioral Health
and Recovery (DBHR) as the Single State Agency for substance abuse and mental health, is well
positioned to meet the requirements and intent of Initiative 502 (I-502) as it pertains to DSHS. DBHR
has demonstrated a reduction in the prevalence of alcohol abuse and risk and an increase in protective
factors associated with youth substance abuse while improving coordinated service delivery across
multiple agencies, provide services to assess and treat patients with co-occurring mental health and
substance use disorders.
v. 5/19/2014
Table of Contents
Executive Summary....................................................................................................................................... 1
DBHR Implementation Plan for Initiative 502 Mandates ............................................................................. 3
Section 1: Distribution of Funds ............................................................................................................... 3
Section 2: Guiding Principles and Public Forums ..................................................................................... 3
Section 3: Initiative 502 Language Related to DSHS ................................................................................ 4
Section 4: Implementation Plan ............................................................................................................... 5
Healthy Youth Survey ............................................................................................................................ 5
Young Adult Survey ............................................................................................................................... 6
Washington State Institute for Public Policy (WSIPP) Evaluation ......................................................... 6
Prevention Services ............................................................................................................................... 7
Treatment Services ............................................................................................................................... 8
Section 5: Partnerships ................................................................................................................................ 8
Statewide Collaborating Organizations ................................................................................................ 8
Section 6: Resources .................................................................................................................................... 9
Section 7: Contacts....................................................................................................................................... 9
Appendix: .................................................................................................................................................... 11
Section 1: Prevention Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) List ..................................................................... 11
Section 2: Treatment Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) List ..................................................................... 12
Section 3: Youth Marijuana Use and Perception of Harm in Washington State in 2012....................... 12
HYS – Figure 1 ..................................................................................................................................... 13
HYS – Figure 2 ..................................................................................................................................... 13
Section 4: WA State DBHR Substance Abuse Treatment Report ........................................................... 14
Section 5: Racial and Ethnic Demographic Maps by School District ...................................................... 14
Section 6: CPWI Community Prevention and Wellness Initiative Site Location Map ............................ 20
................................................................................................................................................................ 20
Executive Summary
Initiative 502 (I-502) establishes a system, overseen by the Washington State Liquor Control Board, to
license, regulate, and tax the production, processing, and wholesale retail sales of marijuana. It creates
a dedicated marijuana fund, consisting of excise taxes, license fees, penalties, and forfeitures and
specifies the disbursement of this money for a variety of health, education, and research purposes with
the remainder distributed to the state general fund. DBHR is responsible to develop a plan for
implementing provisions stated in Section 28 of I-502.
The Washington State Department of Social and Health Services (DSHS), Division of Behavioral Health
and Recovery (DBHR), as the Single State Authority for substance abuse and mental health, is well
positioned to meet the requirements and intent of Initiative 502 (I-502) as it pertains to DSHS. DBHR
has demonstrated a reduction in the prevalence of alcohol abuse and risk and an increase in protective
factors associated with youth substance abuse while improving coordinated service delivery across
multiple agencies. DBHR also has a long history of reducing social costs associated with substance use
disorders by contracting for effective intervention and treatment services.
According to the Healthy Youth Survey (HYS) conducted in 2012, 39% of Washington State High School
12th graders believe smoking marijuana is not harmful. According to the same survey, 31% of 12th
graders have used marijuana within the last 30 days (See Appendix Sec 3). These numbers have not
changed significantly from 2010 to 2012. Nationally 24.2% of 12 graders believe smoking marijuana is
not harmful with 22.9% of 12th graders nationally stating they have used marijuana within the last 30
days.1
Youth Marijuana Use and Percieved Risk
WA State HYS Compared to National Trends
Nationally
WA State 2012 HYS
Used Marijuana within the last 30 days
23%
31%
Believe Marijuana is not harmful
24%
39%
1
Currently 77.4% of outpatient youth drug abuse treatment is for marijuana addiction and 50% of
residential patients are seeking treatment for marijuana abuse/dependence (See Appendix Sec 4).
1
Johnston, L. D., O’Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., & Schulenberg, J. E.
(2012). Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use,
1975-2011: Volume I, secondary school students. Ann Arbor, MI:
Institute for Social Research, the University of Michigan
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DBHR is responsible to develop a plan for implementing provisions stated in Section 28 of I-502 as
follows:
Healthy Youth Survey and Young Adult Survey
DBHR is required under I-502 to design and administer the Washington State Healthy Youth Survey
(HYS), analyze the collected data, and produce reports. The information from the HYS is used to
identify trends in the patterns of substance abuse patterns over time. The goals for the HYS include
describing youth behavior habits, risks, and outcomes, as well as describing school, community, family,
and peer-individual risk and protective factors. DBHR is allowed under I-502 to expand to a young adult
survey. DBHR will administer the HYS and, as funds allow, conduct a young adult survey using social
media platforms to survey populations who are 18-25 years of age.
Washington State Institute for Public Policy (WSIPP)
DBHR is required under I-502 to contract with the Washington State Institute for Public Policy (WSIPP) to
conduct the cost-benefit evaluation and produce reports to the legislature by September 1, 2015, with
subsequent reports in 2017, 2022, and 2032. DBHR will work directly with WSIPP in the evaluation of
prevention and intervention program impacts on marijuana-related maladaptive use, abuse, and
dependence.
Prevention and Reduction of Substance Abuse
I-502 instructs DBHR to implement and maintain programs and practices aimed at the prevention or
reduction of maladaptive substance use, substance-use disorder, and substance abuse or substance
dependence. These programs and practices will be held to a standard of 85% of programs being
deemed evidence-based and cost-beneficial that produce objectively measureable results with the
remaining 15% research-based and emerging best practice or promising practice. DBHR activities will be
focused on community level prevention services delivered through contracted Community Prevention
and Wellness Initiative (CPWI) coalitions as well as tribes and Educational School Districts (ESD). DBHR
will direct a portion of the Dedicated Marijuana Funds to support youth residential treatment providers
(through direct contracts), outpatient providers (through County contracts), and tribes.
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DBHR Implementation Plan for Initiative 502 Mandates
Initiative 502 establishes a system, overseen by the Washington State Liquor Control Board, to license,
regulate, and tax the production, processing, and wholesale retail sales of marijuana. It creates a
dedicated marijuana fund, consisting of excise taxes, license fees, penalties, and forfeitures and specifies
the disbursement of these funds for a variety of health, education, and research purposes, with the
remainder distributed to the state general fund.
Section 1: Distribution of Funds
Tier 1: Funds collected through marijuana excise taxes, license fees, penalties, and forfeitures will be
disbursed every three months as follows:




$1,250,000 to Liquor Control Board for administration of I-502.
$125,000 to Department of Social and Health Services (DSHS) for the Healthy Youth Survey.
$50,000 to DSHS for contract with the WA State Institute for Public Policy to conduct a
cost-benefit evaluation.
$5,000 to University of Washington Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute for web-based public
education materials.
Tier 2: After the initial fixed distribution of funds, the remaining funds will be disbursed as follows:








15% DSHS, Division of Behavioral Health and Recovery (DBHR) for prevention and reduction of
substance abuse.
10% Department of Health for marijuana education and public health programs that contain a
public health hotline, grants program for local health departments or community agencies, and
media-based education campaign.
0.6% University of Washington for research on the short- and long-term effects of marijuana.
0.4% Washington State University for research on the short- and long-term effects of marijuana.
50% Deposit into Basic Health Plan Trust Account to be used as provided under RCW 70.47.
0.5% Washington State Health Care Authority for health care contracts with community health
centers to provide primary health and dental care, migrant health, and maternity health care
services.
0.3% Office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction for Building Bridges program (drop-out
prevention).
18.7% (Remainder) General Fund.
Section 2: Guiding Principles and Public Forums
The Division of Behavioral Health and Recovery (DBHR) has developed this plan for implementing
provisions stated in Section 28 of Initiative 502 (I-502). The following guiding principles were
established to drive the development of the plan to outline how DBHR will implement funding of
prevention and treatment services with funds from the Dedicated Marijuana Fund established by I-502:





Adequate infrastructure/support
Building readiness
Community investment
Cultural competency
Effective and efficient administration of funds
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






Quality data collection and evaluation
Strong initial plan with flexibility to make adjustments based on needs and evaluation
Support and reward successful efforts
Sustainability
Technical assistance
Training and resources
Transparency
The plan will be updated annually to address issues or barriers that may arise and make adjustments as
programs, contracts, and activities are evaluated.
Furthermore, as part of the plan development process, our draft plans were shared and discussed with
state-level partners, tribes, and stakeholders during October 2013 through public forums held in Yakima,
Spokane, Seattle, and Vancouver. A total of 350 people attended these forums with an additional 175
attending through a Webinar. DBHR presented in conjunction with the Department of Health and
Washington State Institute for Public Policy (WSIPP). The general consensus indicated a need in the
communities for prevention and treatment services to be funded due to the changing public perception
of harm around marijuana. The public forum feedback was instrumental in reinforcing the guiding
principles and the direction of DBHR in the implementation of programs related to I-502.
Section 3: Initiative 502 Language Related to DSHS
I-502 Sec. 28:
All marijuana excise taxes collected from sales of marijuana, useable marijuana, and marijuana-infused
products under section 27 of this act, and the license fees, penalties, and forfeitures derived under this
act from marijuana producer, marijuana processor, and marijuana retailer licenses shall every three
months be disbursed by the state liquor control board as follows:
Survey
(1) One hundred twenty-five thousand dollars to the department of social and health services to
design and administer the Washington state healthy youth survey, analyze the collected data,
and produce reports, in collaboration with the office of the superintendent of public instruction,
department of health, department of commerce, family policy council, and state liquor control
board. The survey shall be conducted at least every two years and include questions regarding,
but not necessarily limited to, academic achievement, age at time of substance use initiation,
antisocial behavior of friends, attitudes toward antisocial behavior, attitudes toward substance
use, laws and community norms regarding antisocial behavior, family conflict, family
management, parental attitudes toward substance use, peer rewarding of antisocial behavior,
perceived risk of substance use, and rebelliousness. Funds disbursed under this subsection may
be used to expand administration of the healthy youth survey to student populations attending
institutions of higher education in Washington;
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Evaluation
(2) Fifty thousand dollars to the department of social and health services for the purpose of
contracting with the Washington state institute for public policy to conduct the cost-benefit
evaluation and produce the reports described in section 30 of this act. This appropriation shall
end after production of the final report required by section 30 of this act;
Prevention and Treatment
(a) Fifteen percent to the department of social and health services division of behavioral health
and recovery for implementation and maintenance of programs and practices aimed at the
prevention or reduction of maladaptive substance use, substance-use disorder, substance abuse
or substance dependence, as these terms are defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
Mental Disorders, among middle school and high school age students, whether as an explicit
goal of a given program or practice or as a consistently corresponding effect of its
implementation; PROVIDED, That:
(i) Of the funds disbursed under (a) of this subsection, at least eighty-five percent must
be directed to evidence-based and cost-beneficial programs and practices that produce
objectively measurable result; and
(ii) Up to fifteen percent of the funds disbursed under (a) of this subsection may be
directed to research-based and emerging best practices or promising practices.
*Full text available at: http://sos.wa.gov/_assets/elections/initiatives/i502.pdf
Section 4: Implementation Plan
Healthy Youth Survey
The Healthy Youth Survey (HYS) is a collaborative effort among the Office of the Superintendent of
Public Instruction, the Department of Health, the Department of Social and Health Service's Division of
Behavioral Health and Recovery, and the Liquor Control Board.
The survey provides important information about youth in Washington. State agencies, policy makers,
local community prevention coordinators and coalitions, and others use this information to guide policy
and programs that serve youth. The information from the Healthy Youth Survey is used to identify
trends in the patterns of behavior over time. DBHR began surveying youth in October of 1988 and has
done so every two years since. The next survey will be conducted in 2014. Students in grades 6, 8, 10,
and 12 answer questions about safety and violence; physical activity and diet; alcohol, tobacco, and
other drug use; and related risk and protective factors. Although the dedicated marijuana fund money
is not yet available, DBHR has secured alternative funding to support the 2014 survey.
The goals for the continuing collaborative effort include:
 Describe youth health behavior habits, risks, and outcomes.
 Describe school, community, family, and peer-individual risk and protective factors.
To achieve these goals, the Healthy Youth Survey must facilitate the following:
 Collection of state-level data in a consistent way, with predictable timing, and using comparable
measures over time.
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
Support local-level data collection and use for planning/assessment and evaluation of programs
to serve youth.
The HYS reports are used at multiple stakeholder levels for monitoring, planning, and evaluation
purposes. At the agency level, this data is used to identify the highest risk communities or populations
with the intention of improving the delivery of prevention and treatment services. The effect of the
delivery of services is monitored to identify improvement in youth’s attitudes and behaviors.
Communities use this data to target areas for additional services and to leverage resources through the
acquisition of additional grants. School personnel use the data to increase their attention to new or
persistent problems, such as the misuse/abuse of prescription drugs (See Appendix Sec 3).
Young Adult Survey
Currently there are two primary sources of data regarding young adult consumption: the National
Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) - sponsored by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
Administration (SAMHSA) and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) - sponsored by the
Centers for Disease Control with additional support for state-added questions from Washington State
agencies. However, both surveys have very small state samples from the young adult population, and
neither include sub-group or sub-state estimates. In addition, results from these surveys lag
implementation by more than a year. Lastly, the current version of the BRFSS instrument contains only
a limited number of marijuana-related items and does not assess risk factors or consequences
associated with use (e.g., marijuana impaired driving).
Per I-502, DBHR will conduct a young adult survey using social media as this method is becoming more
prevalent in the research community. Surveys using social media tend to be less expensive and more
expedient than traditional methods. A social media survey will allow for the expansion of survey
samples beyond college campuses to capture information from all segments of the young adult
population and meet the need of obtaining baseline usage and determining the social norms of
marijuana.
Washington State Institute for Public Policy (WSIPP) Evaluation
The Washington State legislature created the Washington State Institute for Public Policy (WSIPP) in
1983. The Institute is governed by a Board of Directors who represents the legislature, governor, and
public universities. The board guides the development of all Institute activities. The Institute’s mission
is to carry out practical, non-partisan research at legislative direction, on issues of importance to
Washington State.
As part of I-502, the Washington State Institute for Public Policy (WSIPP) was directed to “conduct costbenefit evaluations of the implementation” of the law. The evaluations must include measures of
impacts on public health, public safety, marijuana use, the economy, the criminal justice system, and
state and local costs and revenues. A preliminary report is due to the legislature by September 1, 2015,
with subsequent reports in 2017, 2022, and 2032.
DBHR will work directly with WSIPP in the evaluation of prevention and intervention program impacts
on marijuana-related maladaptive use, abuse, and dependence. These efforts reflect a growing need for
data to support planning and evaluation of science-based and cost-effective prevention and health
promotion programs.
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Prevention Services
The field of substance abuse prevention science has evolved quite significantly over the past twenty-five
years and continues to progress as we consider the influence of current trends including integration
with mental health promotion. We continue to build on our strong foundation of research-based
practices focused on individual interventions, as well as expand our focus to community-level
interventions (See Appendix Sec 1).
The Community Prevention and Wellness Initiative (CPWI) is a partnership of state agencies, counties,
schools, and prevention coalitions supporting communities in preventing alcohol and other drug abuse.
The highest priority is to reduce underage drinking among 8th and 10th grade students. CPWI is funded
and administered by the Washington State Department of Social and Health Services, Behavioral Health
and Service Integration Administration, Division of Behavioral Health and Recovery (DBHR), through
grants from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Services are
focused in communities experiencing high levels of underage drinking, crime, school drop-out, and
unemployment. Communities are chosen for services based on their needs and their readiness to
address those needs. In the first three years, CPWI has funded prevention coalitions in 52 communities
located in all 39 counties and nine Educational Service Districts in Washington state.
The DBHR Community Prevention and Wellness Initiative (CPWI), identifies the highest need
communities in each county and directs services to those communities with high risk of youth
marijuana, alcohol, tobacco, and prescription drug use and misuse. These communities will be identified
based on youth consumption levels and potential consequences associated with use and misuse. The
consumption indicators will include the percentage of students reporting any use and the percentage of
students reporting frequent use (10 or more days in the past 30 days). A composite consumption score
will be computed to include indicators. The consequence composite score will be calculated based on
indicators in several different domains, including poor school performance, youth delinquency, and poor
mental health.
The CPWI model includes a community coalition comprised of representatives from multiple sectors
relevant to substance abuse prevention and the related consequences, staffing for the coalition,
implementation of evidence-based practices for substance abuse prevention, and a
prevention/intervention specialist in the local schools providing early intervention services. At the local
level, each of the project sites has an intentional diversity of sub-populations in the community, and the
state took a pro-active approach to ensure planning, implementation, and data collection took this into
account. To assist with this each county received a Risk Profile and Data Book which includes
demographic data (See Appendix Sec 5). In the first year of I-502 implementation, DBHR will focus on
increasing total funding from DBHR to $110,000 for each of the current 52 CPWI sites (See Appendix Sec
6). Dedicated funds will be available for tribes aligned with the goals of I-502. The Community
Prevention and Wellness Initiative (CPWI) was designed to be scalable in the capacity of prevention
services delivered at the community level. As the funding stream increases, the scope and magnitude of
prevention services delivered and supported will increase in proportion to the funds received. The first
year will also focus on building infrastructure and workforce development in order to oversee
implementation of services in the tribes and at the community level.
More information on CPWI: http://www.dshs.wa.gov/pdf/dbhr/da/CPWIBrochure%2012.4.13.pdf
7|Page
Treatment Services
DBHR offers quality youth chemical dependency treatment services through direct contracts with
inpatient residential providers and tribes and offers funding to counties who provide direct service or
subcontract with outpatient providers. With the Affordable Care Act, most treatment services will be
covered under Medicaid; therefore, funds received from I-502 will focus on enhancing our current
system to fully fund Evidence-based, Research-based and Promising Practices related to capturing
positive outcomes for youth marijuana disorders.
DBHR will direct a portion of Dedicated Marijuana Funds to support youth residential treatment
providers (through direct contracts), outpatient providers (through county contracts) and tribes. As
funds become available, the money will be pooled and distributed to treatment entities to enhance
treatment EBP fidelity implementation (See Appendix Sec 2).
The level of care for youth is determined by a chemical dependency professional (CDP) or chemical
dependency professional trainee (CDPT) conducting a multidimensional assessment using the American
Society of Addiction Medicine criteria. Once the level of care is determined and a DSM-5 diagnosis of
abuse or dependency is met, the priority becomes service planning and placement. After locating
placement, an individual treatment plan is developed with the youth for the duration of the required
treatment. Furthermore, beginning at intake, the CDP/CDPT must begin coordination of a discharge
plan for the youth. This continuing care plan is developed with the youth to further meet his/her
recovery goals (See Appendix Sec 4).
Each youth provider has skilled staff and they are trained to manage adolescents behaviors, conduct,
interaction with others, etc. Another important component to youth treatment is family involvement
and this involvement is encouraged throughout the treatment process.
The goals of DBHR youth substance use disorder treatment are to provide each adolescent and his/her
family/caregivers with a structured, age-appropriate program, which includes, but is not limited to:
 Abstinence from alcohol and other drugs.
 Comprehensive assessment of the youth's drug and alcohol use, his/her family and other support
systems, school involvement, and high risk behaviors including suicide risk.
 Ancillary treatment services to family members, which may include birth, adoptive, foster parents,
and other caring adults, and youth.
 Treatment is directed toward applying recovery skills, preventing relapse, improving social
functioning and ability for self-care, promoting personal responsibility, and developing a social
network supportive of recovery.
Section 5: Partnerships
Statewide Collaborating Organizations
DBHR has partnered with the University of Washington’s Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute, University of
Washington’s Social and Development Research Group and statewide organizations with the goal of
analyzing and disseminating information that is both timely and accurate as it pertains to marijuana and
other substances of abuse. DBHR is collaborating with federal partners and other states based on
requests for information and data on issues extending beyond our own state and strategies to
effectively address those concerns. DBHR is working closely with the Department of Health and the
Liquor Control Board to support local grants to health departments and community agencies that
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support development and implementation of coordinated intervention strategies for the prevention and
reduction of marijuana use by youth.
DBHR is aligned with The Washington State Prevention Enhancement Policy Consortium that is
comprised of representatives from 22 state and tribal agencies and organizations. The goal of the
Consortium is that through partnerships they will strengthen and support an integrated statewide
system of community-driven substance abuse prevention, mental health promotion and related issues.
DBHR is partnered with The Washington State Coalition to Reduce Underage Drinking (RUaD)
subcommittee dedicated to fact finding in the establishment of social ordinances and the reduction of
marijuana advertising and other emerging issues related to reducing underage use of marijuana, alcohol,
and other drugs. This subcommittee has representation from DBHR, Office of Superintendent of Public
Instruction, Liquor Control Board, Washington State Institute for Public Policy, and Department of
Health.
Section 6: Resources
Washington State Department of Social and
Health Services, Division of Behavioral Health and
Recovery
Washington State Liquor Control Board
Washington State Department of Health
Washington State Institute for Public Policy
DBHR Athena Forum website is created for
prevention professionals to develop, update, and
sustain their substance abuse prevention work
Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute, University of
Washington
Washington State Healthy Youth Survey
www.dshs.wa.gov/DBHR
www.liq.wa.gov
www.doh.wa.gov
www.wsipp.wa.gov
www.theathenaforum.org
www.adai.washington.edu
www.askhys.net
Section 7: Contacts
Division of Behavioral Health and Recovery
Michael Langer, Office Chief, Division of Behavioral Health and Recovery
Michael.Langer@dshs.wa.gov
Sarah Mariani, Behavioral Health Administrator, Division of Behavioral Health and Recovery
Sarah.Mariani@dshs.wa.gov
Scott McCarty, Prevention System Grant Manager, Division of Behavioral Health and Recovery
Scott.McCarty@dshs.wa.gov
Amy Martin, Youth Behavioral Health Treatment Manager, Division of Behavioral Health and Recovery
Amy.Martin2@dshs.wa.gov
9|Page
Washington State Liquor Control Board
Mary Segawa, Alcohol Awareness Program Manager, Washington State Liquor Control Board
MBSE@liq.wa.gov
Department of Health
Paul Davis, Tobacco Prevention and Control and Oral Health, Washington State Department of Health
paul.davis@doh.wa.gov
Washington State Institute for Public Policy
Sean Hanley, Senior Research Associate, Washington State Institute for Public Policy
hanleys@wsipp.wa.gov
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Appendix:
Section 1: Prevention Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) List
The Department of Social and Health Services, Division of Behavioral Health and Recovery, Office of
Behavioral Health and Prevention, Prevention and Mental Health Services Section will maintain a
current list of programs and strategies online and made available to prevention professionals. The list
includes programs the meet the criteria below.
1. Programs and strategies in the list must be shown in at least two studies to produce intended
results.
2. All programs listed include ‘substance abuse prevention’ as an area of interest.
3. The strategies described in this list come from at least one of the following primary resources:
a. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s (SAMHSA) National
Registry for Evidence-based Programs and Practices (NREPP).
b. A separate list of programs identified as evidence-based by the State of Oregon, or
“Scientific Evidence for Developing a Logic Model on Underage Drinking: A Reference
Guide for Community Environmental Prevention.” Pacific Institute for Research and
Evaluation (PIRE).
List found at: http://www.theathenaforum.org/learning_library/ebp
Evidence–based Programs Effective in Preventing and Reducing Marijuana Use in Youth and Young
Adults
The Division of Behavioral Health and Recovery (DBHR) established the Evidence-based Program list
below based on an analysis of detailed information on programs with marijuana prevention outcomes
prepared by Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s Collaborative for the
Application of Prevention Technologies (SAMHSA's CAPT) Western Resource Team, at the request of
DBHR. This list is preliminary and will be updated as more information is available. The criteria used for
analysis of evidence-based programs with outcomes preventing and reducing marijuana use includes
programs that have demonstrated research study outcomes specific to preventing or reducing
marijuana use in youth (ages 12-17) or young adults (ages 18-20); use of comparison groups in research
study design; accounting for threats to external validity in research study (i.e., sampling bias, baseline
equivalency, sample selection); documentation of internal validity in research study (i.e.,
implementation fidelity); demonstration of sustained effect; and if available, program cost benefit.
Consideration of ranking on existing effective program list(s) was also included in final decision-making.
Evidence-based Programs
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Caring School Community (formerly Child Development Project)
Guiding Good Choices (formerly Preparing for the Drug Free Years)
InShape
Keepin’ It Real
LifeSkills Training
Lions Quest Skills for Adolescence (SFA)
Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care (MTFC)
Positive Family Support-Family Check-Up
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9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Project Northland
Project Towards No Drug Abuse
Project Venture
Red Cliff Wellness School Curriculum
SPORT
Full text: http://theathenaforum.org/sites/default/files/Preliminary%20List%20of%20Evidencebased%20Programs%20%20Preventing%20and%20Reducing%20Marijuana%20Use%20in%20Youth%20
7-10-13.pdf
Section 2: Treatment Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) List
The UW Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute (ADAI) created a preliminary inventory of Evidence-based
Practices that have good outcomes for marijuana abuse or dependence in youth, ages 12-17. ADAI
reviewed ratings lists and literature reviews to compile the inventory list.
Evidence-based Programs
1.
2.
3.
4.
Family Support Network for Adolescent Cannabis Users (FSN)
Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach (A-CRA) and Assertive Continuing Care (ACC)
Multidimensional Family Therapy (MDFT) for Adolescents
Motivational Enhancement Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (MET/CBT) for Adolescent
Cannabis Users
5. Multisystemic Therapy (MST) for Substance-Using Juvenile Offenders
6. Project Assert
For additional information, contact Nancy Sutherland, Director ADAI nsutherland@adai.us.edu.
Section 3: Youth Marijuana Use and Perception of Harm in Washington State
in 2012
Healthy Youth Survey (HYS): Figures HYS 1 & 2





Statewide school survey conducted biannually.
Collects data on health risk behaviors that contribute to morbidity, mortality, and social
problems among youth.
Respondents: students in the 6th, 8th, 10th, and 12th grades.
Sample size (2010): 211,331 students from 1,145 schools.
Sample size (2012): 204,929 students from 1,077 schools.
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HYS – Figure 1
Marijuana Use
Marijuana use did not change significantly from 2010 to 2012
th
35%
Year
30%
1998
26.6%
2000
21.9%
2002
18.3%
10th Grade
2004
17.1%
12th Grade
2006
18.3%
2008
19.1%
2010
20.0%
2012
19.3%
25%
6th Grade
20%
10 Grade
Marijuana
Use
8th Grade
15%
10%
5%
0%
1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
HYS – Figure 2
Perception of Risk from Marijuana Use
Increasingly more students think using marijuana regularly is not risky
45%
40%
35%
30%
8th Grade
25%
10th Grade
20%
12th Grade
15%
10%
5%
0%
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
Source:
Source: WSSAHB 1998 (spring), 2000(fall), HYS 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012 (fall)
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Section 4: WA State DBHR Substance Abuse Treatment Report
WA State DBHR Substance Abuse Treatment
Youth Recovery Discharge between July 2012 and June 2013
Total Discharges
Primary Substance: Marijuana
4,442
3,436
929
295
171
Inpatient: Level I
543
Inpatient: Level II
199
63
Youth Recovery House
Outpatient
Source: System for Communicating Outcomes, Performance & Evaluation (SCOPE), WA State DSHS Div. of Behavioral Health and Recovery (DBHR) / ©Looking Glass
Analytics Run Date: 12/31/2013 - based on TARGET data
Level I services: For clients with a primary diagnoses of chemical dependency and who do not require intense
intervention for other mental health and behavioral disorders as a primary part of chemical dependency
treatment.
Level II services: Clients are both chemically dependent and show the symptoms of a mental health diagnosis or
potential diagnosis, and/or require concurrent management with the treatment of addiction.
Section 5: Racial and Ethnic Demographic Maps by School District
The following maps show the geographic distribution of racial or ethnic minority children ages 0-17 by
school district. Local coalition sites are identified as CPWI. In the 52 CPWI sites (an average of 42%) of
youth between the ages of 0-17 combining racial and ethnic minorities are being served with prevention
services.
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Section 6: CPWI Community Prevention and Wellness Initiative Site Location Map
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