Hoxton

MappingtheChange
Hoxton
A local history resource
pack for schools in and
around Hoxton
1
Contents
Section 1
Introduction
About Mapping the Change.......... ................................................................4
About this Pack...........................................................................................5
Curriculum Links & Suggested Activities...........................................................5
Section 2
Background information
Hoxton Facts............................................................................................13
Hackney time line......................................................................................16
Section 3
History Evidence Resources & Suggested Activities
Images....................................................................................................23
Maps.......................................................................................................36
Census....................................................................................................39
2
SECTION 1
Introduction
3
ABOUT
Mapping the Change
This pack forms part of Hackney Museum’s project Mapping the Change that aims to
record people’s responses to the area in the run up to the 2012 Olympics.
These responses range from oral history recordings, to art projects, to journalism
projects, and will all form part of the Mapping the Change archive that will be held in
the museum store in perpetuity.
The responses will be displayed in a showcase exhibition that will be held during the
Olympics, in the summer of 2012. The archive will provide future generations with a
snap shot of what life was like at this unique time in Hackney’s history.
We hope that you will enjoy using this pack with you class, and that it will help you
find ways to inspire your pupils about their local area.
Be a part of Mapping the Change
If you would like your pupils’ work to be displayed in the exhibition and included in
the archive please forward any images or pieces of work to:
mappingthechange@hackney.gov.uk
For more information on Mapping the Change please visit:
http://www.hackney.gov.uk/mapping-the-change.htm
4
ABOUT
this pack
Many packs and websites exploring the local area advise teachers to source maps
and images of the local area, however visiting the archives can be a time consuming
process.
This pack saves you time by providing you with primary source material relating
directly to the area around your school that you can use immediately.
In addition, it provides teachers with questions, ideas for activities and creative
approaches to using maps, census data and images in the classroom to support
learning and teaching.
Curriculum Links
The resources in this pack can be used to support:
KS1 History
1. Chronological Understanding
2. Knowledge and Understanding of events, people and
changes in the past
3. Historical Interpretation
4. Historical Inquiry
a&b
a&b
all
a&b
KS2 History
1. Chronological Understanding
2. Knowledge and Understanding of events, people and
changes in the past
3. Historical Interpretation
4. Historical Enquiry- Victorian Britain; Britain since 1930
a&b
a, b & c
a
a&b
5
KS3 History
1. Key Concepts
1.1 Chronological Understanding
1.3 Change & Continuity
1.4 Cause & Consequence
1.6 Interpretation
2. Key Processes
2.1 Historical Enquiry
2.2 Using Evidence
Range and content- British History
Curriculum Opportunities
a-c
a
a
a-c
a&b
a&b
g
b
1. Geographical enquiry and skills
3. Knowledge and Understanding of places
6. Breadth of study
a-d
a-d
a
KS2
Geography
1. Geographical enquiry and skills
2. Geographical enquiry and skills
3. Knowledge and understanding of places
a
a&d
a-e
KS3
Geography
1. Key Concepts
1.1 Place
1.5 Physical and Human Processes
2. Key Processes
2.1 Geographical enquiry
2.3 Graphically and Visual Literacy
2.4 Geographical Communication
a
a
a, b & d
a
a-e
a&b
a
KS1
English
KS2
English
1. Speaking and Listening
3. Writing
1. Speaking and Listening
3. Writing
1.1 – 1.4 a – e
3.1 a - e & 3.2 a - d
1.1 – 1.4 a – e
3.1 a - e & 3.2 a - d
KS3
English
1. Key Concepts
2. Key Processes
1.1 & 1.2
2.1 & 2.3
KS1
Geography
You can download a copy of the resource by visiting the following links:
http://www.hackney.gov.uk/mapping-the-change-events.htm
http://www.klp/rm.com
6
SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES
History
Using the resources with your class
The pack has been designed to be used on an interactive whiteboard and as hand
outs. Ideally, each group or table in your class should be given a full set of images
and maps, and a census pack should be handed to each pair in the classroom.
However, all the activities can be adapted if this is not possible. You can save print
costs by printing more than 1 image per page.
Our Local Area: a historical enquiry
Hand out a different archive image of the local area to each group.
Give the class 5 minutes to make a list of all the questions they would like answered
about the image.
Gather the class together and ask the class to feed back their answers to you so that
you make a note of them on a large piece of paper.
Explain to the class that they are going to become history detectives and will use
primary evidence to discover the answers to their questions and build a picture of
what life was like in Hackney in the past.
Historical interpretation: primary & secondary evidence
Give the class 2 minutes to come up with as many ways that we find out about the
past as possible.
Gather the class and make a list of all of these sources of evidence.
Ask the class if they have heard of primary and secondary evidence.
Explain that primary sources come firsthand from the source or person and they
include photographs, maps, census records, diaries. Secondary sources are sources
that are written about primary sources, they analyse, interpret, and discuss
information about the primary source. Explain that the majority of the ways that we
7
find out about the past is through secondary sources, which reflect the
circumstances in which they were made, the available evidence and the intention of
the person making the interpretation. What makes this project so exciting is that
they will be looking at the primary evidence themselves without a middleman – or
woman
Getting to know the evidence
Using primary evidence is challenging because it is open to interpretation and the
answer is not spelt out. However, it is for this reason that it is so good at supporting
pupil’s thinking skills and visual literacy. Reduce any apprehension and challenge
any preconceptions that the source materials are boring with these creative and
exciting starter activities:
Images - the 30 second detail challenge
Give pupils 30 seconds to look at an image in order to memorise as many details as
possible. Remove the image and ask them to list all the things that they can
remember. You can stretch them by asking them specific questions about the
photograph.
Maps – my hackney
Hand out blank pieces of paper and ask pupils to draw a map of their home, school
and favourite places. Stretch them by asking them to include symbols and a key.
Census – guess who
Hand out copies of the census or display a copy on the IWB. Choose one person from
the census and give your class 20 questions to guess who you are.
Chronological understanding
Hand out a set of old and new photographs and a set of maps to each table. Ask the
group to match the old and new images and put them in chronological order. Ask
them to explain how they worked out how to match the images and guess the order.
Ask each group to put the maps into chronological order and match each map to an
image from the same time period. Pupils can then write down three changes they
identified by looking at the images and maps.
8
Knowledge and understanding of changes in the past
Hand out the image sets and the maps to each group.
Ask each pair in the group to select a matching set of images and complete
worksheet which asks pupils to identity differences and similarities across a number
of categories. You might find that pupils benefit from having a copy of prompt
questions (included in this pack) for the maps and images.
Local history walk
Take pupils on a history hunt. Ask them to look out for evidence of Victorian
buildings and modern buildings. Hand out archive prints before leaving school and
try to find the same view today. Hold up the picture to incorporate the historical view
in a new picture.
A personal history: using census records
Every effort was made to include census records that link to real people in the
archival images. Hand out an image and census set to each pair and ask them to
analyse the census information to find out as much as they can about the mystery
person.
SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES
Geography
Knowledge and Understanding of Places
Please refer to the activities that support Chronological understanding and
Knowledge and understanding of changes in the past in the History section above.
9
Geographical Enquiry and Skills
Maps - Introducing maps to your class
Place Hackney in its context of where it is in the solar system, the world, Europe, the
UK and London, using other relevant maps to zone in
Find your school, or where your school is now
Find your home
Trace your journey to school
Provide groups of pupils with different street or building names to find and label
Map Comparisons
Things to look out for when comparing maps of the same area at different times are:
Changes in road shapes/positions
Changes in street names
Increase or reductions in the number of buildings on a street
New building developments e.g. factories and schools
Building on green spaces
Clearance of entire areas
Census – Links to pictures and maps
Look at a census return and picture of about the same year as the maps. Try and
match people in the picture to names on the census to get an idea of what the people
might have looked like
Make labels for the maps that show the people living in the houses in particular
years.
10
SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES
English
Listening and Group Discussion
Describing and Drawing
Ask students to work in pairs, with one viewing and describing an image that the
other can’t see. The one listening must draw what the other is describing.
What we can and can’t find out from the sources
As a class list all the things pictures can tell us about an area or an era. Then come up
with a list of things pictures can’t tell us – ask students to think of other sources of
information (e.g. Maps, census records, shop directories).
Creativity and Writing
Character profiles
Ask pupils to create a character profile for a person in one of the archive pictures.
Creative writing
Ask pupils to choose a person in a picture give them a name and write a story about
what happened just before – or just after – the picture was taken.
Diary entries
Ask pupils to choose one person from the census records and invite them to write a
diary entry for their chosen person.
Poetry
Pupils could also write a poem inspired by the photographs
Role Play
11
Ask pupils to choose two people for the same picture or two different pictures and in
pairs, write and perform a dialogue between them.
Hot seating
Select people from the photographs and ask pupils to take it in turns to be hot seated
by the whole class. Providing a flat cap or shawl will help the pupils get into
character.
Acknowledgements
This pack was researched and written by Rebecca Ball, Museum Volunteer and Violet
Koska, Schools and Families Learning Officer at Hackney Museum with support from
Hackney Archives..
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FACTS
Hoxton
The name Hoxton originates from the old English Hoch’s tun which meant
the farm (tun) belonging to a man called Hoch.
Shakespeare wrote and performed many of his plays here in the
first purpose built theatre in Britain on Curtain Road. In 1597 there was the first ever
performance of Romeo and Juliet. The Theatre stood
!
from 1577 – 1598 when it was then dismantled and the
wood it was made from was moved to Bank side and
rebuilt as the world famous Globe theatre.
The Gunpowder plot (5th November !
1605) to blow up the House of Parliament with
36 barrels of gunpowder was uncovered in Hoxton Street on 12th
October, 1605 when Lord Monteagle received a letter revealing Guy Fawkes’ plot.
13
!
Hoxton Hall, built in 1863, still stands on
Hoxton Street. In the Victorian period the building
was a famous music hall but in the Second World
War the building was used as an air raid shelter.
‘Pop goes the Weasel’ makes reference to the Eagle pub, a large tavern on
City Road that once had an adjoining music hall (“Up and down the City Road, in and
out the Eagle, that’s the way the money goes, pop goes the weasel”).
Hoxton has changed
a great deal over time, but it
remains a vibrant and busy
community. Hoxton Square
has grown and attracted a
number of art galleries and
restaurants. In recent years
Hoxton has established itself
as a creative area of London,
!
although it has retained its
identity with local life remaining a dominant feature. The extension of the East
London Line in 2011 has continued to change the area, connecting it to the rest of
London.
14
HOXTON people
The feminist
Mary Wollstonecraft
was born in Hoxton in 1795, where her
father was a silk weaver. Mary worked to
achieve equality for men and women. Her
daughter Mary Shelley wrote the novel
‘Frankenstein’.
!
!
Barbara Windsor, the Eastender’s actress
was born in London Hospital, Whitechapel. During
the 1940’s she lived in Yokely Rd Stoke Newington,
and went to Lordship Lane and St Mary’s primary
schools. In 2000 Barbara received an MBE in
Millennium Honours List.
15
HACKNEY
TIMELINE
2012 - 1000BC
2012
London hosts the Olympics
2006
The first civil partnership ceremony in
Hackney Town Hall
Hackney Museum’s I Love Hackney
campaign started after negative publicity
2004
Hackney Council records over 100
languages are spoken in Hackney
1999
Barbara Windsor who was born in Shoreditch
1937, wins Best Actress award for her role as
Peggy Mitchell in Eastenders
1987
Diane Abbott becomes the first Black Female
MP representing Hackney North and Stoke
Newington
1970
Turkish music shop, Musik Danyasi, opens
and later donates the saz to Hackney
Museum
1961-1975
After the Vietnam War, Hackney Council
provides 120 homes for Vietnamese
refugees.
1960
Dennis Morris comes to live in Hackney. He
goes on to become photographer for Bob
Marley and the Sex Pistols
!
16
1952
Elizabeth II is crowned Queen of England
1951
Population of Hackney 260, 266
1950
People from all over the world continue to
settle in Hackney in large numbers making
the borough the vibrant place it is
1948
HMS Windrush arrives in Britain carrying
workers from the Caribbean. Many people
find that they are not welcomed and signs
are placed in house to rent saying ‘No Dogs,
No Irish, No Blacks’
London hosts the Olympic Games
1947
Sir Alan Sugar is born in Hackney and
brought up on the Northwold Estate. Later
he attends Brook House Sixth Form College
(now BSix)
1944
Hackney is hit by V1 and V2 rockets
1940
People move from Hackney to escape the
Blitz
1939
World War II (1939-1945)
1918
Women are given the right to vote in Britain
for the first time.
1914
World War I (1914-1918)
1910
The first motorbuses appear in Hackney
1908
London hosts the Olympic Games
1901
Hackney Empire opens on Mare Street
17
1901
Population of Hackney 374, 132
1900-1948
The population of Hackney reaches its peak.
A number of leisure opportunities arise to
cater for the working populations’ leisure
time.
1880s
Jewish refugees escaping repression in
Tsarist Russia arrive in Hackney from
Eastern Europe
1892
German firm Steiff make the first Teddy Bear
1871
Trams first arrive in Hackney
1870
Marie Lloyd is born in Hoxton
1866
Parkesine the first type of plastic in the
world is invented in Hackney by Alexander
Parkes at the Parkesine factory in Hackney
Wick
1857
Joanna Vassa, daughter of the famous antislavery campaigner Olaudah Equiano is
buried in Abney Park Cemetary
1850
Railways first arrive in Hackney and the
great iron bridge across Mare St is
constructed. Office workers move into new
houses in Hackney and commute to work in
London.
1837
Queen Victoria is crowned
1807
Abolition of the Transatlantic Slave Trade
Act is passed
1800-1899
Hackney is transformed from a sleepy
village into a busy London suburb
18
1797
St John’s Church opens as a result of
Hackney’s rapidly growing population which
demands a new church to replace the
medieval St Augustine’s Church.
1792
Mary Wollstonecraft, resident of Hoxton,
writes her famous book ‘A Vindication of the
Rights of Woman’
1770-1780
First synagogue in Hackney is built in the
grounds of Clapton House, Thistlethwaite
Road
1719
Daniel Defoe who lived on Stoke Newington
Church St writes his novel Robinson Crusoe
1666
During the Great Fire of London people flee
the city and seek refuge in Hackney
!
1630
The earliest record of Black people living in
Hackney in the parish register of St
Augustine’s Church reads ‘Anthony, a poore
ould Negro, aged 105 years, was buried the
18th May 1630’
1660s
French Huguenots (Protestants) are forced
to leave their homes and seen refuge in
Hackney
1558
Elizabeth I is crowned Queen of England
1535
Hackney’s famed Sutton House is built
1520
Hackney Free and Parochial School opens as
one of the oldest non-fee paying school in
the country
19
1509
Henry VIII is crowned King of England
(1509-1547)
1275
First church records mention a church
dedicated to St Augustine
1150-1799
Hackney consists of small villages populated
by landowners and farm workers
450
Angle, Saxon and Jute tribes invade Britain
from Germany, Denmark and Northern
Holland, settling in small villages in
Hackney. The name Hackney comes for
Haca’s Eoth which means Haca’s wellwatered marsh (Haca or Hacon would have
been the Danish owner of the land)
400
Romans build Ermine Street (Now Kingsland
Road)
1000 BC
The Hackney of today is covered in forests,
marshes and flowing streams. Archeologists
excavating the Olympic site have discovered
evidence of an Iron Age Settlement which
tells us that people were already living in
Hackney 3,000 years ago!
20
MappingtheChange
Resources
Hoxton
21
SECTION 3
History Evidence Resources
&
Suggested Activities
The following resources are primary historical evidence for use in a wide
variety of ways to support history, geography and cross-curricular learning and
teaching. Each section includes lots of ideas for questions, activities and creative
projects inspired by the source material.
Images, Maps, Trades Information and Census data area
ideally used together to enrich and enliven learning about Hackney, its people and
places and how they have changed throughout history.
All of the material was researched and found at Hackney Archives, a rich
resource for historical investigation.
22
IMAGES
1795s
to present
The following images included in this pack have been grouped according
to location, and show a similar view at different times in history from the 1830s to the
present day.
1
A. Balms House 1795
B. Balms House 2011 (now Balms Estate)
2
A. Curtain Road, 1897
B. Curtain Road 2011
3
A. Hoxton Square 1910 – St Monica’s Church
B. Hoxton Square 2011 – St Monica’s Church and St Monica’s Primary School
4
A. Hoxton Street 1894 – Sainsbury’s
B. Hoxton Street 2011
23
5
A. Bishopsgate Goods Station 1924
B. Bishopsgate Goods Station 2011 – next to Shoreditch High Street Station
All archive images are copyright of Hackney Archives.
All modern day images are copyright of Hackney Museum
24
IMAGES
General Picture Enquiry
prompt question examples
People
What are people are wearing, what do they look like, what are they doing in the
image? What do these things tell us about the time they live(d) in, their age, job,
how wealthy or not they are, what their life was/is like?
Buildings
What buildings can you see? What is their function? What do the size of the
buildings tell us about who built it/lives/works there? What do the details tell us
about the time they were built? If you can see a shop, what does it sell? What state
is the building in and what does that tell us?
Signs
Can you see any writing or signs or text anywhere? What is it telling us?
Transport
Can you see any forms of transport in the picture? What does this tell you about
the age of the picture? The way people live(d) in this area? Who owned or used the
transport?
Technology
What evidence is there of the type(s) of energy used for lighting and transport in
the pictures? What else can you tell about the technology in use at the time of the
picture?
25
!
1a. Balms House 1795
(c) Hackney Archives
26
27
!
1b. Balms House 2011
!
2a. Curtain Road, 1897
(c) Hackney Archives
28
29
!
2b. Curtain Road 2011
!
3a. Hoxton Square 1910
(c) Hackney Archives
30
!
3b. Hoxton Square, St Monica’s Church 2011
31
!
Hoxton Street 1894 – Sainsbury’s number 180
(c) Hackney Archives
32
33
!
4a. Hoxton Street, 2011
!
5a. Bishopsgate Goods Station 1924
(c) Hackney Archives
34
35
!
5b. Bishopsgate Goods Station 2011
MAPS
1825s
to present
The following maps are included in this pack
1
Hackney Map 1825
2
Hoxton Map 1957
All maps are copyright of Hackney Archives
36
1. Hackney Map 1825
!
37
2 Hoxton Map 1957
!
38
CENSUS
1881
The following Census entries are in this pack
1
A. Johnson Family Census 1881
B. Johnson Family Census transcript 1881
The Johnson Family
Photo 4 A. Hoxton Street 1894 - Sainsbury’s
Hoxton was a very mixed area, with very grand houses on the main streets and slum
housing in the back streets. Hoxton Street is classified by Charles Booth’s 1989
Poverty Map as a ‘fairly comfortable’ area, with largely middle class families living
there. Booth’s Poverty Map is a good accompanying source to this pack (http://
www.stanfords.co.uk). Whilst Hoxton suffered from considerable poverty, on the
otherside of the Kingsland Road, Haggerston was an affluent area. Hoxton Street
was right between these two areas; the Johnson Family lived on Hoxton Street at
number 182.
39
The Johnson family represent a fairly well off family, with good, ordinary earnings.
William Johnson was the head of the household, he was a tripe dresser and salvage
dealer. He was married and lived with his wife, six unmarried children and three
servants.
Tripe dressers were like butchers and prepared tripe for sale. Tripe is the innards
(often stomach) of farm animals. The family had three domestic servants. Even
moderately off middle class families would have had some kind of domestic help, as
this was a major form of employment for the working class. The Johnson family was
typical of the area, with their neighbors also employed in modest trades. At 183
Hoxton Street there lived two cheese mongers assistants, and at 195 Hoxton Street
there lived three butchers. The Sainsbury’s in the picture was closed in 1894 and
appears to have been bombed and rebuilt, as shown in image 4b. We know this
because of the different building style, as indicated by the new brickwork in image 4b
along with new windows. The building in 4b also juts out from the wall, unlike in the
original 4a image.
Suggested activities for the census records in this pack
Find the Johnson Family Census & Transcript and Images 4a and 4b which show
where their house stood in 1881 and today.
Show pupils where the Johnson Family home stands today (image 4b) and hand
out image 4a and ask them to find out three things about people living in the
area, just by looking at the image.
Hand out the census and transcripts and ask children to find the Johnson
family’s house, and ask them to find out the following information, checking the
transcript if they get stuck:
40
If children get stuck you could try asking them the
following questions:
What are the names of the family members?
How old are they?
What jobs do they do?
Where were they born?
Is the Simpson family rich or poor?
How can we tell whether the family is rich or poor?
41
!
1881 Census – The Johnson Family
(c) Public Record Office
42
© brightsolid online publishing
Name
Relation
Condition
Sex
Age
Birth Year
Occupation,
Disability
Where
Born
JOHNSON, William
Head
Married
M
49 1832
Tripe Dresser
And Salvage
Dealer
Lincoln
Middlesex
Married
F
47 1834
Tripe Dresser
London
Bricklane,
London
Middlesex
JOHNSON, Adeline
Daughter
Emma
Single
F
22 1859
Tripe Dresser
Shadwell
Middlesex
JOHNSON, Rosena Daughter
Single
F
20 1861
Tripe Dresser
Shadwell
Middlesex
JOHNSON, William
George
Son
Single
M
18 1863
Tripe Dresser
Shadwell
Middlesex
JOHNSON, Alice
Daughter
Single
F
16 1865
Tripe Dresser
Holywell
Lane
Middlesex
JOHNSON, Albert
Edward
Son
Single
M
14 1867
Scholar
Hoxton
Middlesex
THORN, Henry
Alfred
Servant
Single
M
25 1856
Servant
Hackney
Middlesex
STEVENS, Richard
Servant
Single
M
23 1858
Servant
Church St
Shoreditch
SMITH, Elizabeth
Servant
Single
F
18 1863
Servant
Hoxton
Middlesex
JOHNSON, Emma
Wife
1881 Census transcript – The Johnson Family
43