Tetra MS Test Mode

Test des radios numériques multi standard :
« Avant, vous redoutiez de tester vos radios
numériques… Mais ça, c’était avant! »
Presented By: Marc Schweizer
Product Sales Specialist
Aeroflex Test Solutions
marc.schweizer@aeroflex.com
Aeroflex Proprietary and Confidential
www.aeroflex.com
Cobham Communications & Connectivity (CCC)
ATS joins CCC
Cobham Communications and Connectivity
provides end-to-end avionics and
communication equipment, law enforcement
and national security solutions, and satellite
communication equipment for land, sea and air
applications
Current Capabilities
• Antenna Systems for Communication,
Navigation, Electronic Warfare and Radar
• Cockpit and Cabin Communications
• Public Safety and Wireless Communications
for Infrastructure
• Satcom Equipment for Aerospace, Land and
Maritime
• Wireless Surveillance Technology
• Composite Radomes, Structures, Engine
Components, and Aerostructures
25 September 2014
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Test des radios numériques multi standard
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Aeroflex 50 ans d’expérience Radio
Evolution des technologies PMR
Le test des Radios numériques
Evolution des équipements de Test Radio
Introduction au test des radios TETRA
Introduction au test des radios DMR/dPMR/NXDN
Le Futur des équipements de test Radio
Le test automatique des Radios
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Aeroflex in Private Mobile Radio
More than 50 years experience in providing
superior radio test set solutions.
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Marconi
Instruments
IFR
Willtek/Wavetek/
Acterna/W&G
Racal
IFR 1200/1600/
1900 – COM120
6103/6113
4
2945/2955
/296x
Stabilock
4015/4040/403x
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Aeroflex in Private Mobile Radio
More than 50 years experience in providing
superior radio test set solutions.
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Government
Private Mobile
Utilities
Transportation
Railways
Analog &
Digital field
Construction
Military
Analog
PMR
Analog & Digital PMR,
TETRA/P25/TEDS
TETRA field
TETRA Air Analyser
Military
5
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Evolution of Private Mobile Radio
The Land Mobile Radio industry has seen significant changes
over the last 30 years.
In the past, almost all radio communications were done using
conventional FM, AM, or Phase modulation formats.
With the need for more users to be able to use a fixed frequency
spectrum, the industry is transitioning to digital formats that can
allow many more channels / users to occupy the same amount of
frequency spectrum.
Today’s radios require more precision and higher performance.
New digital formats require new ways to test.
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PMR Technologies
Below are some of the technologies that are currently in
use in the Private Mobile market place.
• Analog – FM / AM / Phase
• Digital
• TETRA (DQPSK)
• TETRA II TEDS (QAM)
• APCO Project 25 (C4FM-4FSK)
• Project 25 Phase II (HDQPSK)
• DMR (4FSK-TDMA)
• dPMR (4FSK narrow band)
• NXDN (4FSK)
• Tetrapol (GMSK)
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Proprietary
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DMR overview
DMR Introduction
DMR (which stands for “Digital Mobile Radio”) is an ETSI Air
Interface standard which was approved and published by ETSI in
March 2005. The DMR standard itself (ETSI TS 102 361) is split into
three tiers as follows:
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DMR Standard
 Key Performance Specifications
 Channel Bandwidth: 12.5kHz
 Channel Access 2 slot TDMA
 Modulation: 4FSK
 Gross Bit Rate: 9.6kbps
 Frequency Bands
 Low Band VHF
 High Band VHF
 UHF
 Signalling
 Color Code (0-15) – share channel by user
 Call ID (24 bits) – selective calling
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dPMR overview
dPMR Introduction
dPMR is a digital radio protocol specifically targeting highly functional
solutions by using low cost and low complexity technology. dPMR is a
narrowband (6,25 kHz) FDMA technology that offers many forms of voice
and/or data applications.
dPMR is specified in both TS102 490 and TS102 658 ETSI standards
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dPMR Standard
 Key Performance Specifications
 Channel Bandwidth: 6.25kHz
 Modulation: 4FSK
 Gross Bit Rate: 4.8kbps
 Frequency Bands
 VHF
 UHF
 Signalling
 Channel Code (0-63)
 Call ID (7 characters)
 Call format/priority
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NXDN Overview
NXDN Overview
• NXDN is also based on 4FSK FDMA for 6.25kHz channels like
dPMR but with a different protocol and an extension to 12.5kHz.
It was developed jointly by Icom Incorporated and Kenwood
Corporation. The NXDN Forum was formed in order to promote
the NXDN protocol worldwide.
• Designed in particular for the business and industry market,
NXDN is a cost-effective communication method that achieves
this spectrum efficiency through digitization, while maintaining
the basic architecture of analog FM radio
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NXDN Standard
 Key Performance Specifications
 Channel Bandwidth: 6.25/12.5kHz
 Modulation: 4FSK
 Gross Bit Rate: 4.8/9.6kbps
 Frequency Bands
 VHF
 UHF
 Signalling
 RAN (Radio Access Number)
 Up to 63 numbers
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TETRA Overview
▼
TErrestrial Trunked RAdio (TETRA) is a digital trunked mobile radio
standard developed to meet the needs of traditional PMR user
organisations such as:
–
▼
▼
TETRA is standardized by ETSI in different documents:
–
EN 300392 Voice Plus Data (V+D), also named TMO (Trunked Mode Operation)
–
EN 300396 Direct Mode Operation (DMO)
TETRA – unique PMR features
–
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Public Safety, Transportation, Utilities, Government, Military, Commercial &
Industry, Oil & Gas
Wide area fast call set-up "all informed net" group calls
–
Direct Mode Operation (DMO) allowing "back to back" communications
between radio terminals independent of the network
–
High level voice encryption to meet the security needs of public safety
organisations
–
An Emergency Call facility that gets through even if the system is busy
–
Full duplex voice for PABX and PSTN telephony communications
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TETRA Standard
▼ Key
Performance Specifications
Im
– 4:1 TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)


– 25 kHz carrier spacing

S(k)
– Digital modulation, /4 DQPSK at 36 kbits/s
– Speech calls use 1 channel, data can use up to 4
▼
Frequency bands
– 380 - 400 MHz
– 410 - 430 MHz & 450 - 470 MHz
▼

0
Re



– 806 - 821 MHz & 851 - 866 MHz
Phase
alteration
Transferred
bits
– 870 - 876 MHz & 915 - 921 MHz
+ π/4
00
+ 3π/4
01
- 3π/4
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- π/4
10
Signalling
– MCC (Mobile Country Code)
– MNC (Mobile Network Code)
– BCC/LA
– ITSI (Individual Tetra Subscriber Identity)
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Why do People want Digital PMR ?
▼
Security -> Different levels of coding and encryption
▼
Capacity -> Better spectrum efficiency than analog
– Less congestion
– More revenue for operators
Cost -> Seller makes more money
▼
– Digital radios have less analog bits
▼
Cheaper to produce, more reliable, easier to align
▼
Voice Quality -> Works better where signal is weak
▼
Roaming -> Can speak over larger geographies
– Emergency services can all communicate directly
– GSM roaming across most countries (130+)
▼
Immunity to interference
▼
Capability to send voice and/or data
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Benefits - Spectrum Efficiency
200kHz bandwidth
GSM
200 kHz carrier
8 channels
Half-rate GSM
200 kHz carrier
16 channels
Traditional
PMR 25 kHz
25 kHz channel
8 channels / 200 kHz
12.5 kHz channels
32 channels / 200 kHz
PMR TDMA 12.5 kHz
& PMR 6.25kHz
25 kHz carrier
4 channels / carrier
32 channels / 200 kHz
TETRA
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P2466-02
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Comparison Digital versus analog FM
Digital
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Digital Radio Architecture - RF
Digital
A to D
Speech
Coder
Channel
Coder
Baseband Modulator
filters
Tx
Amplifier
Duplexer
V.C.O.
D to A
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Speech
Decoder
Channel
Decoder
Filters &
Equalizer
Demodulator
Proprietary
Rx
Amplifier
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Testing Digital Systems
Introduction
Digital systems introduce new types of measurements to
determine system performance. Digital Radio requires a
complex parameter optimization of frequency, phase, time
and modulation to ensure quality of service for all users. It is
thus essential to accurately measure the parameters of the
digital radio signal.
Most technologies require basically similar types of
measurements that can be splitted in the following groups:
• Frequency domain measurements
• Power measurements
• Time domain measurements
• Modulation measurements
• Data measurements
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Testing Digital Systems
Frequency domain measurements
To check that the system is transmitting in the allocated
plan. Frequency domain measurement may be more
complex then with analogue due to higher bandwidth.
Frequency measurements include :
– Frequency or frequency error
– Occupied Frequency bandwidth
– Spectrum Emission Mask
– In band/out of band spectrum
– Spectrum due to switching / modulation
Example of frequency error
measurement
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Testing Digital Systems
Power Measurements
The power measurements are generally essential in
digital systems, to ensure minimum interference
between channels.
Major power measurements include
– Power in channel, max, min, average
– Power in adjacent channel
– Power/time in TDMA systems
– Code domain power (CDMA)
– CCDF (Complementary cumulative Distribution
Function)
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Testing Digital Systems
Time domain measurements
Time domain measurements are essential in digital
systems especially when using TDMA techniques:
Time domain measurements include:
- TDMA burst, rise/fall times
- Frame alignement
- Power/Time, Frequency/Time
- Clock / Synchronisation
Power template in Tetra
- Eye diagram (I&Q/time)
Symbol transitions in Eye Diagram
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Testing Digital Systems
Modulation measurement
Vector Error is the criteria for modulation accuracy of a
received Signal. The Vector Error is a deviation of the
ideal vector, caused by phase and amplitude offset.
Vector error determines, how reliable the signal can be
demodulated.
EVM modulation measurements include:
Q
Vector
Error
I
– EVM, average, max, min
– EVM residual
– IQ Gain Imbalance or Phase Skew
– EVM/Time, EVM/Frequency
– Phase/Amplitude error
– FSK error
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Digital Modulation Accuracy – 4FSK
Q
Q
Error
Actual
Signal
I
f
Ideal (Reference) Signal
Phase Error (IQ error phase)
I
11
10
00
01
EVM distribution
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Testing Digital Systems
Data measurements
The final measurement of link quality (or sensitivity) of a
digital communication will be done with the evaluation of
the Bit Error Rate BER. Again, the BER is the most
common setting but different systems can also be
characterized with the block error, frame error ...
Data measurements include:
– BER (Bit Error Rate)
– RBER (Residual Bit Error Rate)
– FER (Frame Error Rate)
– BLER (Bloc Error Rate)
– MER (Message/Modulation Error Rate)
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Testing Digital Systems
Other measurements
Digital systems may require other types of test to check
the functionalities of the radio
- Audio components
- AF Loopback tests all components of the
Mobile Station in one step.
- Allows a Speech quality evaluation.
- Coding/decoding of network parameters
- Message transmission/reception
- Types of call supported: simplex, duplex, phone,
emergency…
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Testing Digital Systems : conclusion
 All transmitted signals are binary data
 Successful transmission and recovery of 1’s and 0’s
 Requirements for Parametric measurements change
 Vector accuracy replaces distortion for Tx
measurements
 Bit Error Rate (BER) replaces SINAD for Rx sensitivity
 RF Loopback
 Synchronization of MS to BS frequency and timing
Note: Older style equipment cannot measure most of the digital
measurements including frequency or power for complex
waveforms.
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P2466-02
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Old technology test equipment
Here are some images of older analog
type test equipment that met system
requirements for many years until
digital systems became more
prevalent.
This type of instrumentation has
capabilities to measure conventional
analog systems but does not have the
tools to properly align or diagnose the
newer digital systems.
Everything is done in hardware which
does not allow for new technologies to
be incorporated.
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New technology test equipment
Modern technology equipment is software defined.
Without changing hardware, new technologies can
be implemented as field upgradeable software
updates.
Signals are digitized and many measurement
functions that used to be assemblies are now done in
software.
Measurement functions and source signals are much
more accurate than the earlier versions of test
equipment. Even portable units can measure signals
as low as -140 dBm.
Both Portable and Bench model units can be
equipped to work with most technologies that are
currently in use.
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Aeroflex Private Mobile Radio Test Equipment
3920B Analog and Digital Radio Test Set
– 1 GHz or 2.7 GHz platform variants
– Standard high performance analog duplex features AM/FM
– Digital PMR system options for TETRA, TEDS, P25, DMR, dPMR,
NXDN™ portable, mobile and base station equipment
3550R Radio Test System
The 3550R is the first truly portable touch-screen radio
communication test system. The 3550R is an easy to use,
integrated test system for complete radio receiver and
transmitter performance testing, cable fault and antenna
system analysis.
8800 Portable Analog and Digital Radio Test System
Rugged lightweight analog/digital service monitor
– Full band spectrum analyzer
– Tracking generator
– Power VSWR meter
Aeroflex Company Confidential
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Aeroflex 3900 Series - Overview
The 3900 is a Software Defined platform designed for a
variety of Private Mobile Radio applications
▼
3920 in the field for >6 years
▼
3920B launched in 2013
▼
~ 4-4.5k Systems built and fielded
(including >500 for TETRA)
▼
Major Digital Systems supported
– P25 / HPD
– TETRA / TEDS
– DMR / dPMR / NXDN
▼
Analog Systems
– AM / FM / SSB
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General Look and Feel
TEST – Manual Tiled Display Mode
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Analog Duplex configuration
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Aeroflex Company Confidential
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Aeroflex 3900 Series - Overview
Tetra Test Modes
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TETRA System Options
▼
Option 110
Terminal (MS & MST1)
Autotest MS
▼
Option 111
Base station (BS & BST1)
▼
Option 112
Tetra Direct Mode
▼
Option 114
Tetra Energy Economy Mode
▼
Option 115
Tetra Autotest II
▼
Option 611
Motorola Tetra script
▼
Option 118
Tetra TEDS BS
▼
Option 119
Tetra TEDS MS
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Aeroflex 3900 Series - Overview
Tetra MS Test Modes
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Overview of 3920 TETRA MS features
▼
Tx and Rx on-channel measurements as per ETSI
EN 300 394-1
▼
Supports all TETRA call and messaging modes
▼
TETRA T1 test mode and T1 RF loopback
▼
TETRA TT registration and TT loopback
▼
AutoTest for MS
▼
TIP Compliant : Tetra Interoperability Profile
–
Core services, SDS and testing requirements
–
Ensure compatibility of equipment from various suppliers
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Tetra MS Test Mode
Testing terminals
▼
Radio Test Set simulates a TETRA Base Station
–
▼
Mobile registers to the test set
–
▼
Enables mobile to transmit and / or receive
Many other functional tests can be performed
–
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Mobile’s identity is obtained
Mobile sets up a call to the test set or vice versa
–
▼
Must match configuration expected by mobile
Checks the configuration and capability of the mobile
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Tetra MS Test Mode : TX Test
Tested as per ETSI EN 300 394-1
▼
Burst Power
▼
Power Profile
▼
Modulation Accuracy
– Vector EVM peak
– Vector EVM RMS
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▼
Residual Carrier
▼
Frequency Error
▼
Timing Error
9/25/2014
Aeroflex Company Confidential
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Tetra MS Test Mode : RX Test
TT-Loopback
▼
▼
▼
The 3900 sends a Test Pattern in a traffic channel
with TT protocol (MCC/MNC=1)
MS re-transmits Test Pattern to the 3900
The 3900 checks Test Pattern for errors and
calculates BER
T1-Loopback
▼
▼
▼
Manual testing of radios in special test modes
T1 test signals generated complying with ETSI EN
300 394-1
Measurement of BER in Service PC or in 3900 from
loopback signal
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Tetra MS Test Mode : SDS Short Data
Status Message Acknowledgement Report
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Tetra MS Test Mode : Autotest
▼
Perform routine testing of TETRA terminals
automatically
– Saves time, de-skills and standardizes procedure,
records results
▼
Flexible Test Scripts for Automated Testing
– Functional tests
– Transmitter Measurements
– Receiver Measurements
– Audio Measurements
AutoTest
result file
AutoTest script
completed
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Aeroflex 3900 Series
Tetra Base Station
test modes
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Tetra BS Test Modes
▼
Tetra BS mode Tests Base Station transmitters
– Power, vector and frequency error, residual carrier
▼
Tetra BS T1 mode Tests Base Station receivers and Tx
– Generates various uplink T1 signals for BER, MER and
PUEM measurement
– Automatic synchronisation to BS Tx signal
– External sync input allows Rx-only test
– Tx tests as BS mode
▼
Off-air reception in Tetra BS mode
– Locates and identifies base station
– 3900 decodes BS identity: MCC, MNC, BCC and LA
– Capture, demodulate and channel decode all four slots
continuously for up to 16s
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Tetra BS Mode : TX Test
▼
Power
▼
Modulation Accuracy
– Vector EVM peak
– Vector EVM RMS
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▼
Residual Carrier
▼
Frequency Error
▼
BS decode/burst type
9/25/2014
Aeroflex Company Confidential
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Tetra BS T1 Test Mode
▼
T1 Synchronization Modes
– The T1 Test System provides Signals (T1 Type 7, TCH/7.2
Uplink) which allow BER tests to be carried out on the receiver
of the base station under test. The Test Set must be
synchronized to the base station frame structure to perform
BER testing.
– The Test Set has two synchronization modes, Auto and Pulse
Receiver Number
= 1
SGC Attenuation (dB)
= 0
Sync Location (1/10 symb) = 0
Sync. Amplitude (dB)
= -104
Total Bits/Msgs
= 4320
Bits/Msgs in Error
= 1966
BER/MER (%)
= 45.509
RSSI (dBm)
= -128
–
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2
0
49
-89
4320
89
2.060
-118
3
0
32
-110
4320
2002
46.343
-134
RX results from the BS maintenance terminal
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Aeroflex 3900 Series - Overview
DMR Test Modes
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Test DMR
▼
DMR TX Test
 RF Control:

Generate / Receive
 Measurement windows
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
UUT Measurements

Advanced Analysis

Eye Diagram

Spectrum Analyzer

Symbol Distribution
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DMR test screen
▼
DMR RX Standard Test Patterns
– STD IB 1031 – 1kHz tone
– STD IB CAL (1% BER)
– STD IB 511 (.153)
– STD OB TSYNC
(Outbound Data Sync)
– Speech (recorded)
– Voice (audio/microphone)
– Silence
Advanced Analysis
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DMR repeater mode
▼
Repeater Test / Tx mode SYNC
– Signal Power
– Frequency Error
– Modulation Fidelity
– Symbol Clock Error
– TX/RX BER
– Symbol Deviation
– …
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Aeroflex 3900 Series - Overview
NXDN/dPMR Test Modes
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NXDN/dPMR Testing
The 3900 NXDN/dPMR Test Systems are optional test systems
developed by Aeroflex to support the testing of digital twoway radio systems.
• Generate / Receive
• UUT Measurements
• Distribution Plot
• Eye Diagram
• Constellation Plot
• Spectrum Analyzer
• Pattern for RX
verification
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NXDN/dPMR Testing
RX Testing : Test Pattern with User defined RAN / dPMR encode
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Future of Test Equipment
Test equipment is rapidly becoming more application specific.
Nearly all of today's digital radios are calibrated in a more
conventional method of making standard FM Deviation
adjustments.
With more capable test equipment being available, some
manufacturers are supporting adjustment in a digital mode as
well.
Today’s test equipment must be able to both identify and
correct digital modulation signal impairments.
Digital signal impairments typically cause issues with coverage
area.
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Future of Test Equipment
Automation is moving forward
for most radio manufactures to
support accurate alignment in
the field.
Radio alignment is very critical
with today’s radios. Close just
isn’t good enough anymore.
Automatic alignment features
help to ensure that radios are
calibrated accurately and to
manufacturers specifications
and verify digital performance.
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Aeroflex 3900 Series - Overview
Autotest II Test
Mode
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Autotest II – Key Features
AUTOTEST II
▼
Fully self contained via internal computer and software
– 3900 Issues commands to the radio
– Interfaces are USB or RS-232 or User Defined
▼
▼
A full industry standard open source programming language called
TCL (Tool Command Language)
–
Access to the complete RCI capability of 3920
–
Scripts are plain text
–
simple or highly complex automated testing
More Extensive Use of Graphics
– Red, Blue, Green Concept
– Complex Tests – Easy to Understand Results
– Prompts for Operator
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Autotest II Manufacturer’s options
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▼
AutoTest scripts automatically perform verification and/or
radio alignment of different manufacturer radio types
▼
Aeroflex develops Autotest II scripts with various radio
Manufacturers including Motorola, Airbus, Harris, ICOM,
Kenwood, Hytera…
9/25/2014
Aeroflex Company Confidential
www.aeroflex.com
Autotest II Tetra + option 611
▼
Aeroflex Autotest script MOTOROLA Tetra MS T1
– AutoTest script to automatically perform RX and TX
verification of Motorola Tetra radios
– Supports MTP850 – MTM800 – MTH800
– Includes mandatory « special » test cable
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Aeroflex Company Confidential
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Autotest II Tetra + option 611
▼
Running option 611
– Radio model is automatically determined and corresponding test
sequence is started
– RX and/or TX tests are performed
–
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At the end of test, results can be saved or printed and summary is
displayed with pass/fail color code.
Aeroflex Company Confidential
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Autotest II DMR + option 610
▼
Aeroflex Autotest script Motorola DMR Mototrbo
TM
– AutoTest script to automatically perform verification and
alignment of Motorola DMR radios
– Supports DP3000 series, DP4000 series…
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Aeroflex Company Confidential
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Autotest II Tetra + option 610
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▼
Automatically identifies radio model and corresponding
script and specification
▼
Cable loss calibration menu
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Aeroflex Company Confidential
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Autotest II DMR + option 610
▼
Running option 610
– Test results
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▼
Summary screen
▼
Text file
Aeroflex Company Confidential
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Aeroflex 8800 – NEW
Portable Analog and Digital
Radio Test System
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Aeroflex 8800
▼
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Base Configuration:
▼
Options:
– Aeroflex 8800
– DMR
– Channel Analyzer
– dPMR
– Oscilloscope
– NXDN
– DMM
– P25
– Standard Accessories:
– Tracking Generator
Auto-Test Ready!
▼
DC Power Supply
– OBW
▼
AC Cord
– Internal Bird WPS Power Meter Option
▼
Protective Front Cover
– Language GUI Options
▼
Type N Adapters
– Optional Accessories
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Battery
▼
Microphone
▼
Enhanced VSWR Kit
▼
Bird WPS
▼
Rack Mount Kit
▼
Soft Case
▼
Transit Case
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Antennas
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