File - JAWAHAR NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA, BETUL

NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA SAMITI
REGIONAL OFFICE, BHOPAL
ENGLISH CORE
SUBJECT COMMITTEE MEMBERS
CHIEF COORDINATOR
Shri O. N. Tripathi, Principal, JNV Jabalpur, (M.P.)
CO-COORDINATOR
Ms. S.G. Mahapatra, Vice Principal, JNV Koraput, (Odisha).
MEMBERS
Mr. S. S. Tomar, P.G.T. English, JNV Khurai, DIst. Sagar, (M.P.)
Mr. Ashish Shukla, P.G.T. English, JNV Hatta, Dist-Damoh, (M.P.)
Mr. Judhisthir Sahoo, P.G.T. English, JNV Khurda, (Odisha)
Mr. Pradeep B. Parkhi, JNV Udiyakala, Kabirdham (C.G.)
Mr. J. N. Nishad, JNV Bargi Nagar, Jabalpur, (M.P.)
Mr. Rashmi Ranjan Rout, Art Teacher, JNV Koraput, (Odisha)
――Not all of us can do great things but we can do small things with great love”.- Mother Teresa
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER
PAGE
1. Tips & tricks for exams.
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2. Reading Section
5
3. Advanced Writing Skills
28
30
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Advertisements
Notice
Poster Writing
Invitation
Report Writing
Letter Writing
Article Writing & Speech
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44
47
50
61
67
4. Flamingo Poetry Section.
74
5. Flamingo Prose Section
92
6. Vistas.
109
7. Novel.
118
8.
Value Based Questions.
128
9.
Acknowledgement
144
―Happiness makes up in height for what it lacks in length‖- Robert Frost
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TIPS
"
Read the section a thoroughly and then answer the questions.
" To complete the paper time management is essential as the
paper is quite lengthy.
"
Divide the allotted time as per the sections.
" Do attempt and try to finish sections A and B in the first half of
the allotted time.
"
The answers should be precise.
"
Answers in section C should be brief and to the point.
" Answers should be logical and should explain only what is
asked.
"
Be creative and believable in the section B part of the paper.
" Solve previous years question papers or mock question papers
in order to learn time management.
"
Attempt the question paper in a sequence.
" Neat and legible handwriting, leaving space between the answers and underlining value points
has a positive impact on the examiner.
" In case of reference to context questions, ensure that there is no repetition of answers while
attempting the various sub parts.
TRICKS
"
Converse in English.
"
Choose a topic and discuss it in English.
" Make a habit of talking in English and write down difficult words, understand their meanings and
practise to include them in your speech.
"
Talk to yourself in English while standing in front of the mirror and be confident.
"
Watch English movies, news and read English news papers.
" It is also important to write in English regularly to develop a knack for difficult and unusual words
and improving your vocabulary.
Following these tricks regularly will develop your language power and you will have a strong
command over the language soon
“Live as if you are to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever”.- Mahatma Gandhi
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UNSEEN COMPREHENSION & NOTE MAKING
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UNSEEN COMPREHENSION PASSAGE
TIPS FOR ATTEMPTING COMPREHENSION PASSAGES
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Always have long run goals.
Reading is a skill which is fetching for the life time.
Reading is a window for knowledge.
Education without Reading skill is impossible.
COMPREHENSION PASSAGE
 Read the passage quickly.
 Read the given questions very thoroughly so that you
remember them.
 Go back to the passage. Read carefully trying to locate the
answers for the questions.
 Wherever you may feel, the answer is, go back to the
questions. Read the question and answer immediately.
 Understand the meanings of the new words in the context.
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Examples
Passages (1)
1.
Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:
The doctors clamouring against reservations for OBCs have demanded that merit be the sole criteria
for admission to medical and engineering colleges. Then, how is it that they haven‘t objected either
to the NRI quota or candidates who procure admission on the basis of capitation fee? Does this not
affect quality ? Reservation was introduced in the Kolhapur State as early as in 1902 and in the State
of Mysore in 1921 . In Tamil Nadu, where the human health index is much better than in other
states, there is as much as 69 per cent reservation. Let us take for a moment that upper caste doctors
are meritorious. But is this of any help to thenation when many of them use elite institutes as
springboard to go abroad for higher wages. Nearly 70 per centof doctors from AIIMS doctors go
abroad. How are these elite institutes, under such circumstances, serving the interests of the common
people ? On the other hand , it has been in Tamil Nadu that a good number of SC/ST/OBC doctors,
who procured admission into colleges due to the reservation policy, stick to their stste or hometown,
resulting in better healthcare services.
2.
Reservation is not a phenomenon exclusive to our country. The American MNC,IBM,
voluntarily in traduced reservations for Blacks in 1930 . In Malaysia there are reservations not just in
jobs but also in contracts , licences and company shares for Malays. Reservation for the depressed
and weaker sections exist in many countries like Brazil, South Africa, Japan, Netherland and Ireland.
There is 50 per cent reservation for Blacks and women in the medical faculity of Harvard University.
And the Whites have never made an issue of being eligible only for 50 per cent of the seats. In fact, it
is the handful of anti- reservationist doctors, who taik of disintegration of society on account of
reservation, who are really responsible for creating dissension and obstacles in the ways of social
justice of the OBCs.The media have, of course, played a negative role. But it is a reality that Indian
society is constituted on caste lines .If the anti reservations are so concerned about the
disintegrationof society on caste lines, they should first lead the struggle against social
discrimination.
3.
Reservation get a job or admission even if they get less percentage of marks, In one of the
cases a person was in Indian Revenue Service. He saw that candidates getting high marks in a
competition were not necessarily successful in the field. Merit, as it is being presently understood,
does not include honesty, hardwork and patriotism. In the American school system, besides the
syllabus, students have to undergo practical training in social
4.
services, etc. and marks are added in the certificate based on performance in thus area. The
only people tailing of merit today are those who have studied in public schools or whose children
study in such schools.
5.
The expenditure incurred on education in public schools in 50 to 100 times more than those of
corporation/ government schools. There is a vast difference in quality between the teachers of public
and government schools. Parents who can afford to send their children to public schools are mostly
educated. They not only teach the children themselves at home but also provide coaching for them .
On the other hand , parents who send their children to corporation/ government schools are mostly
uneducated . These children have to lend a helping hand to their parents after schools hours . Under
such circumstances, what is wrong if such students ask for concession of a few marks?
6.
Reservation will bring unity and integrated in society. Reservation in elite institutes will
enable people from different social strata to come together and established bonhomie among them . It
is true that reservation is not a permanent solution to the vexed problem of our society. As and when
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equal and compulsory education is introduced in the country, Dalits and OBCs will not stake their
claims to reservation.
7.
Reservation is not a pancea for the economic backwardness of the country. For this purpose
,the government has already launched many schemes. Reservation is only a concession given to
socially and educationally backward people, so that they may integrate with the mainstream. We
have no objection if the poor among the upper caste people, too, are the benefit of reservations. But
the problem here is that the among them start taking advantage of the policy.
On the basis of your reading the passage, answer the following questions:
(a) Why were the Indian doctors clamouring against reservation?
Ans. Value Point: merit be the sole criteria for admission to medical and engineering colleges.
(b) Write down the procedure on the basis of capitation fee.
Ans. Value point: Reservation was introduced in the Kolhapur State as early as in 1902, in the state
of Mysore in 1921.. In Tamil Nadu, where the human health index is much better than in other states,
there is as much as 69 percent reservation.
(c) What ideas do you know about reservations in Malaysia and Harvard University?
Ans. value point: In Malaysia there are reservations not just in jobs but also in contracts, licences and
company shares for Malays. There is 50 percent reservation for Blacks and women in the medical
faculty of Harvard University
(d) What view is taken by the Indians and Americans about merit?
Ans.value points: In India reservation on caste lines and reservationists get a job or admission even
if they get less percentage of marks. In American school system, besides the syllabus, students have
to undergo practical training in social service, etc. and marks are added in the certificate based on
performance in this area.
(e) Point out the difference in Public as well as Government University.
Ans. value points: The expenditure incurred on education in public schools in 50 to 100 times more
than those of corporation/ government schools.There is a vast difference in quality between the
teachers of public and government schools.
(f) What way out has been suggested in the passage about reservation?
Ans. Value Points : Reservation is only a concession given to socially and educationally backward
people so that they may integrate with the mainstream. We have no objection if the poor among the
upper caste people, too, are given the benefit of reservations.
8.
On the basis of reading the passage, trace words that are similar in meaning to the following:.
(a) the best possible(para-2)
(b) academically able(para- 5)
(c) a fine remedy(para- 5)
(d) money spent (para -4)
Ans.
(a) eligible
(b ) Ans. educated
c.
Ans.solution
d.
Ans-expenditure
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PASSAGE-2.
The government appears to have woken up to the problem of acute agrarian distress. In a flurry of
activity surrounding the prime minister,s visit to Vidarbha, the government had declared its intent to
seek remedies for the crisis affecting the peasantry, symbolized by the spate of farmers‘ suicides over
thelast few years . This is indeed welcome, though the response should have come sooner. Reports
and studies from various sources, including government commissions, on farmers‘suisides and their
proximate causes have analysed the issue to the bone. What was missing was concerted action on the
part of the Centre.
The package being put together now recognizes that the immediate problem is not one of eccess to
credit or the level of the interest rate (though these are indeed medium- term issues0 but of a legacy
of debt that cannot be borne. Low farm gate prices, rising input cost and an adequate increases in
productivity have combined to make interest and debt repayment commitments too onerous to bear.
The explains the government‘s decision to writeoff debt ay least in the case of marginal and small
farmers, and, if the Finance Ministry agrees, to insure them against crop failure so to prevent the
legacy of debt from becoming an unbearable burden for many more. These are significant steps
forward. However the government also adopt policies that militates against long term redressal of
the agrarian crisis that underlies farmer‘s distress. The first of these is a fiscal policy stance that
precludes the adoption of measures that are crucial to revitalize agriculture. : Massive public
investment in rural infrastructure, including irrigation, drainage and flood control; lowering of input
cost through subsidies where necessary; and a hike in expenditure to restructure the provision of a
host of extention and a support services to improve agricultural productivity. With the government
focused on fiscal deficit reduction rather on raising India‘abysmal tax-GDP ratio and expanding
much needed expenditures, thse measures are being virtually ignored. Rather the emphasis, as
reflected in this year‘s budget for example, is on increasing the flow of credit to rural areas, without
recognizing why even the current limited flow has taken the farming community into a debt trap.
The second is the decision to use free imports as a means to dampen inflation. The evidence on
inflation is clear. While aggregate inflation on an annual point to point basis(as measured by the
official Wholesale price index) stood at just 5.24 percent over the week ending June 10, 2006, the
rate of inflation in the case of indivisual essential commodities was much higher: Between 9 and 10
percent in the wheat, fuel and sugar and as much as 35 percent in the case of pulses.
A factor underlying these trends is long term deterioration in agricultural performances. In most
cases lower demand resulting from limited purchasing power among some sections of the population
has ensure that poor agricultural performance has yet to result in a short fall in supply related to
demand. Even so, speculative hoarding has indeed resulted in an artificial short fall. Speculation has
been added by a number of decisions of the government such as removal of control on the
movements of agricultural, commodities and liberalization of rules relating to the operation of the
private traders and agri-business firms, which in turn have resulted in the failure to procure adequate
government stocks at the minimum support price where applicable.
The government have sort to augment supply with imports. Beside deciding February to import
wheat to replenish dwindling government stocks, it has now decided to permit private actual users of
wheat like flour millers biscuit manufacturers and bread makers to import wheat duty free till the
next rabi harvest. It has also allow custom duty free import of sugar till the bignning of the next
crushing season which start in October. And it has put a ban on exports of pulses this efforts to
enhance domestic supply with import may be successful in dempening in inflationary expectations
and holding the price level in the short run. But it could also adversely affect revenues garnered by
the already- distressed peasantry with attended implications for private expenditure needed to sustain
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and improve agricultural production. E.g., Reliance on PL-480 imports in the 1950s and early 1960s,
while dampening price in inflation during Second Plan Years, was partly responsible for the
inadequate yield growth that preceded the aggrarion crisis of the mid-1960s.
Reliance on imports to dampen price increases can, Therefore, worsen the agrarian crisis and the
distressed condition of farmers in the medium term. What is needed is to directly curb speculative
activities, reverse policies with regard to freer agricultural trade that have brought in large private
players driven by opportunities for profit and combine this with an investment- led agricultural
strategy. If not, the small relief being offered the prime minister of farmers in the worst affected
areas would amount to little other than temporary relief and a declaration of concern.
On the basis of reading passage answer the following questions.
a)
What is the actual problem of agrarians in Vidarbha?
Ans : VALUE POINTS : Acute agrarian distress, the crisis effecting the peasantry, simbolised the
spate of farmers suicides over the last few years.
b)
How the government can help for their redressal? Write atleast two major steps.
Ans : VALUE POINTS : Intent to see remedies for the crisis, to militate against long term red ressal
of the agrarian crisis that underlies farmers distress.
First- Precludes adoption of measures that are crucial to revitalizes agricultural including
irrigation, drainage and flood control, provision of a host of extension supports services to improve
agricultural productivity.
Second- to use free imports as a means to dampen inflation.
c)
In what does the hoarding create a problem for all? Write down the solution.
Ans : VALUE POINTS : Speculation has been aided by a number of decisions of the government
such as removal of controls on the movements of agricultural commodities and liberalization of rules
relating to the operation of private traders and agribussinessfirm,which in turn have resulted in the
failure to procure adequate government stock s at the minimum support price where applicable.
The government has sought to respond to the situation by seeking to augment supply with imports.
d)
Mention the steps initiated by the government to tackle the situation?
Ans : VALUE POINTS : to permit private actual users of wheat like flour millers, biscuit
manufacturers and bread makers to import wheat duty free till the next rabi harvest.
, allowed customs duty- free, a ban on exports of pulses.
e)
What solution has been put forth by the writer in the concluding para?
Ans : VALUE POINTS : to directly curb speculative activity, reverse policies with regard to freer
agricultural trade that have brought in large private players driven by opportunities for profit and
combine this with an investment- led agricultural strategy,the small relief offer by prime minister of
farmers in the the worst affected areas would amount to little other than temporary relief .
3.Find words from the above passage that are similar in meaning to the following:
(a) havoc(para -1) (b) To shut off( para -3) (c) Collection (para-6 (d) farming( para-1)
Ans : (a) flurry
(c) garner
(b) militate
(d) agrarian
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PASSAGE-3
2.
Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:
It is reported that the government is close to finalizing a system of dual pricing for the public
procurement of food grains. There would be two basic elements to this system: Afixed Minimum
Support Price (MSP) covering the cost of cultivation, as at present,recommended by the Commission
on Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP), and variable procurement prices, at the discretion of the
department of food , depending on market For example, according to a working group of the
Planning Commission, over the five year period ending 2001-02 when there was a steep rise in
procurement price resulting in accumulation of embarrassing large stock of food grains of over 60
million tones with the government, consumption of foodgrauns in the country was reduced, on this
account, by at least five million tones per annum. The new system by assigning a greater role for
private trade can improve the efficiency in the distribution of foodgrains and susdtantially cut down
subsidies, which can help to step up much needed public investment in agriculture. The proposed
dual pricing ststem is a better alternative than total marketisation of foodgrains trade by disbanding
altogether public procurement at MSP.
Such a dismantling could lead to a crash in market prices of foodgrains in years of food harvest.
Even though this may take exports competitive and raise domestic consumption of food grains in the
short run, it may undermine food security by sapping producer incentives. The experience of green
revolution underlines the importance of assured MSP including the farmers to step up their own
investment and effirt and derive full benefit from available infrastructure.
For the dual pricing system to yield desired results, it needs to be backed by several other policy
measures. Since the impetus for crop diversification would be greater in the infrastructurallydeveloped regions like the north-west , this can slow down the growth of foodgrains output in the
country and, in particular, the surpluses procured, unless immediate measures are taken to strengthen
public support for irrigation, technology, extension and credit in thr rest of the company, especially
in the central and eastern regions where there is a large potentialas the growth of food grains output
has barely kept pace with population growth since the mid-90s. This also calls for more effective
public procurement of food grains at MSP in these regions, as farmers have to often sell their
produce immediately after the harvest at prices that are lower than MSP. Therefore, dual pricing
system can be sustained only through non-price interventions such as infrastructural support for
regional dispersal of growth in foodgrains output.
The new system requires better market intelligence forecasts as well as concurrent analyses on prices
and sales in markets in India and abroad
Questions.
(a)
What are the two elements of dual pricing system for procuring foodgrains?
Ans : VALUE POINTS : A fixed Minimum Support Price (MSP) covering the cost of cultivation, as
at present, recommended by the Commission on Agriculture Costs and Prices(cacp) and variable
procurement prices, at the discretion of the department of food, depending on market conditions in
different seasons and regions of the country.
(b)
How will the above proposed system benefit the nation?
ANS: VALUE POINTS:
It would enable to the country to more effectively cope with emerging challenges in agriculture .the
proposal also recognizes the greater ability of our economy , in the post – liberalization era ,to meet
temporary shortages of food grains through imports.
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(c)
Mention atleast four non food grain item used by the consumer
ANS: VALUE POINTS :
Non food grain items such as sugar , edible oils ,milk, meat, fish, eggs, vegetables and fruits are
used by the consumer
(d)
What is the result of ecological degradation in the north-western region of India ?
ANS: VALUE POINTS :
The depletion of soil nutrients and water table driven down to unsustainably
Low levels
(e)
In order to boost the dual system what urgent measures are needed to be taken?
ANS: VALUE POINTS :
Improving the efficiency in the distribution of food grains and substantially cut down
subsidies, which can help to step up much needed public investment in agriculture.
(f)
How we can sustain the dual pricing system?
ANS: VALUE POINTS: Only through non price interventions such as infrastructural support for
regional dispersal of growth in food grains output .
Trace words from the passage that are the synonyms of the following
(a)
Extra (para-3) (b) extract(para3) (c) a driving force (para-5) (d) Two roles(para-5)
Ans. a surplus b. depletion c. impetus d. dual
PASSAGE- 4
Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:
One of the greatest advances in modern technology has been the invention of computers. They are
widely used in Industries and in Universities . Now there is hardly any sphere of human life where
computers have not been pressed in to service of man. We are heading fast on the close of this
present century towards a situation when a computer will be as much part of man‘s daily life as a
telephone or a calculator.
Computers are capable of doing extremely complicated work in all branches of learning . They can
solve the most complex mathematical problems or put thousands of unrelated facts in order. These
machines can be put to varied uses. For instance, they can provide information on the best way to
prevent traffic, or they can count the number of times the word ―and‖ has been used in the Bible.
Because they work accurately and at high speed ,they save the research workers hard work. This
whole process by which machines can be used to work for us had been called ‗automation‘. In the
future ‗automation‘ may enable human beings for more leisure than they do today. The coming of
automation is bound to have important social consequences .
Some years ago an expert on automation , Sir Leon Bagrit , pointed out that it was a mistake to
believe that these machines could ‗think‘ . There no possibility that human beings will be ―
controlled by machines‖. Thougth computers are capable of learning from their mistakes and
improving on their performance, they need detailed instructions from human beings to operate. They
can never ,as it were, lead independent lives or‖ rule the world‖ by making decision of their own.
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Sir Leon said that in future, computers would be developed which would be small enough to
carry in the pocket. Ordinary people would than be able to use them to obtain valuable information.
Computers could be plugged into a national network and be used like radios. For instance, people
going on holiday could be informed about weather conditions. Car drivers can be given alternative
routes when there are traffic jams. It will also be possible to make tiny translating machines. This
will enable people who do not share a common language to talk to each other without any difficulty
or to read foreign publication. It is impossible to assess that importance of a machine of this short,
for many international misunderstandings are caused simple through our failure to understand each
other. Computers will also be used in ordinary public hospital, by providing a machine with a
patient‘s systems; a doctor will be able to diagnosis the nature of illness. Similarly machines could
be used to keep a check on a patient‘s health record and bring it up to date. Doctors will there for
have immediate access to a great many facts which will help in their work. Bookkeepers and
accountants too could be relieved of dull clerical work, for the tedious task of compiling and
checking lists of figures could be done entirely by machines. Computers will also be able to tell the
exact the age a man is going to live, with the help of his blood picture. Computers are the most
efficient servants man has ever had and there is no limit to the way they can be used to improve our
life style and life.
Q.1 what is the greatest advancement in modern technology?
Ans. Value Points; the invention of computers.
Q.2 Explain Automation?
Ans. Value Points: Computers are capable of doing extremely complicated work in all branches of
learning. They can solve the most complex mathematical problems or put thousands of unrelated
facts in order. These machines can be put to varied uses. This whole process by which machines can
be used to work for us had been called‖automation‖
Q.3 What was the prediction of Sir Leon about the computers in future?
Ans. Value Points: in the future , computer s would be developed which would be small enough to
carry in the pocket.
Q.4 Name the areas where computers can be effectively used?
Ans. Value Points: used like radio, car drivers use for alternative routes, used in ordinary public
hospitals, patient,s systems, use for clerical work, tell the exact age of a man.
Q.5 Find word in above passage which convey the similar meaning for
i) Difficult or complex
ii) Collect or arrange
iii) Another choice
Ans.5 i) complicated ii) compiling iii) alternative
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PASSAGE-5
The New year is the time for resolution .Mentally, at least most of us could compile formidable lists
of ‗do‘s and ‗don‘ts‘. The same old favourites recur year in and year out with the children, do a
thousand and one job abut the house, be nice to people we don‘t like, drive carefully, and take the dog
for a walk every day. Past experience has tahght us that certain accomplishments are beyond
attainment. If we remain deep rooted liars, it is only because we have so often experienced the
frustration that results from failure.
Most of us fail in our efforts at self improvement because our schemes are too ambitious and we
never have time to carry them out. We also make the fundamental error of announcing our resolution
to everybody so that we look even more foolish when we slipback into our bad old ways. Aware of
these pitfalls, this year I attempted to keep my resolution to myself. I limited myself to two modest
ambitions, to do physicat exericese every mornimg and to read more in the evening. An overnight
party on New year‘s eve provided me with a good excuse for not carrying out eiter of these new
resolution on the first day of the year, but on the second, Iapplied myself assiduously to the task.
The daily exercise lasted only eleven minutes and I proposed to do them early in the morning before
anyone had got up. The self discipline reqired to drag myself out of bed eleven minutes earlier than
usual was considerable. Nevertheless, I managed to creep down into the living room for two days
before anyone found me out. After jumping about in the carpet and twisted the human frame into
uncomfortable positions.I sat down at the breakfast table in an exhausted condition. It was this that
betrayed me. The next morning the whole family trooped into watch the performance. That was really
unsettling but I fended off the taunts and jibes of the family good humouredly and soon everybody got
used to the idea. However, my enthusiasm waned , the time I spent at exercises gradually diminished.
Little by little the eleven minutes fell to zero. By January10th I was back to where I had started from.
I argued that if I spent less time exhausting myself at exercises in the morning. I would keep my mind
fresh for reading when I got home from work. Resisting the hypnotizing effect of television, Isat in
my room for a few evenings with my eyes glued to a book. One night, however, feeling cold and
lonely, I went downstairs and sat in front of the television pretending to read. That proved to be my
undoing, for I soon got back to the old bad habit of dozing off in front of the screen. I still haven‘t
given up my resolution to do more reading. In fact, I have just bought a book entitled ‗How to Read a
Thousand Words a Minute‘. Perhaps it will solve my problem, but Ijust have not had time to read it.
Q.1. Why most of us fail in our efforts for self-improvement?
Ans. Value Points: because our schemes are too ambitious and we never have time to
carry them out.
Q.2. Why is it a basic mistake to announce our resolution to everybody ?
Ans. Value Points: look even more foolish when we slipback into our bad old ways.
Q.3. Why did the writer not carry out his resolution on New Year‘s Day
Ans. Value Points: An overnight party on New Year‘s Eve provided the writer with a
good excuse for not carrying out either of these new resolutions on the first day of the
year.
Q.4. Find out the words in the above passage which convey the similar meaning to the
following: (1) Overwhelming (2) Drawbacks (3) Decrease
Ans..(1) Formidable (2) Pitfalls (3) Wane
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NOTE MAKING
Note making is an important study skill. It also helps us at work. We need to draw the main points of
the material we read as it is difficult to remember large chunks of information.
DIFFERENT STEPS TO BE FOLLOWED:
1. Read the passage carefully.
2. Important points should be underlined.
3. Read the passage again asking yourself questions and answering them as you read.
a) What is the passage about?
b) What is the main theme of the passage?, etc.
4. With the help of the answers note down the main points. Write the points without full forms
of the verbs.
5. Now go over the facts and number them.
6. Finally we go over the facts and number them again.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD NOTE:
1. A) Notes should be short. They should identify the main point.
c) They list information in what is called ‗not form‘.
d) They are written only in phrases; not sentences.
2. A) Information is logically divided and subdivided by the use of figures/letters.
C) The divisions are made like this:
Main sections
: 1, 2, 3, etc.
Sub sections
: I), ii), ii)i, etc.
Sub-sub-sections : a), b), c), etc.
3. Another common method is the ‗decimal‘ system.
Main sections
: 1, 2, 3, etc.
Sub-sections
: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, etc
Sub-sub-sections : 1.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3, 1.2.1, 1.2.2, etc.
4. Abbreviations and symbols are freely used. Articles, prepositions and conjunctions are
omitted.
5. Notes must make sense when they are read again otherwise they will be of no use.
HOW TO ATTEMPT SUMMARY:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Underline the important words and phrases.
Write down points without fully expanded verbs, numbering them as you do.
Combine related points.
Group related points.
Change the verbs to nouns and begin points with them.
How to make notes
Step 1- The students are required to read the passage to get a gist of the passage, to know
what it is all about, or what the theme is.
15
Step 2- The main idea or the central theme of the passage should be found out.
Step 3- The important points related to the main theme are noted.
Step 4- Add the sub-points which supplement the main points. There is no need to give
examples.
Step 5- Pay attention to the way you would like to present the notes, There is a proper format
for note making you have to follow it & make your notes in the proper format.
Step 6- Use abbreviations wherever necessary.
Step 7- Use proper indentation to present the notes as shown here (use either or the two given
below.)
A
1)
_____________________________________
[a]
……………………………………….
[b]
……………………………………….
[c]
……………………………………….
[a]
……………………………………….
[b]
……………………………………….
[c]
……………………………………….
2)
B
1)
_____________________________________
1.1
……………………………………….
1.2
……………………………………….
1.3
……………………………………….
2.1
……………………………………….
2.2
……………………………………….
2.3
……………………………………….
2)
Note :The pointes are numbered in different ways, but numbering should be consistent.
Complete sentences should not be written.
16
Abbreviation and symbols used :-
(a)
Abbreviation helps in writing the information briefly. The following are some of the
ways in which you can use abbreviations.
1)
Capitalized initial information:E.g. U.N. for United Nation M.L.A. B.Sc M.P. U.S.A.
2)
3)
4)
5)
Taking the first two letters of the words :Sc.
Science
Pract
Practical
Edu
Education
Takings the first and the last two letters of the word:rdng
Reading
admn
Administration
pds
Periods
rg
Regarding
Symbol that are universally recognized:E.g :
Therefore
E.g :
For example
Arithmetic symbol-%
percentage
+ ive
positive
<>
greater than or less than
Summary writing:ž
These notes should be linked with each other in a proper sequence to form a summary
ž
Use third person indirect speech and the past tense wherever possible.
17
ž
It should be short/brief and to the point. Write the summary with the help of the notes
you have already made.
Marking Scheme of Note making
Notes: 03 [Marks]
Title:
01[Marks]
Abbreviations used: 01[Marks]
Summary:
03[Marks]
Note:- If notes are not given, then no separate marks for summary will be given.
A2
Example:Read the following passage carefully:-
1
The work of the heart can never be interrupted The heart‘s job is to keep oxygen rich
blood flowing through the body. All the body‘s cells need a constant supply of Oxygen, especially
those in the brain. The brain cells like only four to five minutes after their oxygen is cut off, and death
comes to th entire body.
2
The heart is a specialized muscle that serves as a pump. This pump is divided into four
chambers connected by tiny doors called valves. The chambers work to keep the blood flowing round
the body in a circle.
3
At the end of each circuit, veins carry the blood to the right atrium, the first of the four
chambers 2/5 oxygen by then is used up and it is on its way back to the lung to pick up a fresh supply
and to give up the carbon dioxide it has accumulated. From the right atrium the blood flow through
the tricuspid valve into the second chamber, the right ventricle. The right ventricle contracts when it is
filled, pushing the blood through the pulmonary artery, which leads to the lungs – in the lungs the
blood gives up its carbon dioxide and picks up fresh oxygen. Then it travels to the third chamber the
left atrium. When this chamber is filled it forces the blood through the a valve to the left ventricle.
From here it is pushed into a big blood vessel called aorta and sent round the body by way of arteries.
4
Heart disease can result from any damage to the heart muscle, the valves or the
pacemaker. If the muscle is damaged, the heart is unable to pump properly. If the valves are damaged
blood cannot flow normally and easily from one chamber to another, and if the pacemaker is
defective, the contractions of the chambers will become un-coordinated.
5
Until the twentieth century, few doctors dared to touch the heart. In 1953 all this
changed after twenty years of work, Dr. John Gibbon in the USA had developed a machine that could
take over temporarily from the heart and lungs. Blood could be routed through the machine bypassing
18
the heart so that surgeons could work inside it and see what they were doing. The era of open heart
surgery had began.
6
In the operating theatre, it gives surgeons the chance to repair or replace a defective
heart. Many parties have had plastic valves inserted in their hearts when their own was faulty. Many
people are being kept alive with tiny battery operated pacemakers; none of these repairs could have
been made without the heart – lung machine. But valuable as it is to the surgeons, the heart lung
machine has certain limitations. It can be used only for a few hours at a time because its pumping
gradually damages the bloods cells.
Q
On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it, using headings &
Sub headings. Use recognizable abbreviations wherever necessary (minimum 4). Use a format you
consider suitable. Supply an appropriate title to it.
Solution / Hints
Title:- Heart
Notes:i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
Function of Heart
a)
Vital for living (i) never stop wrkg.
b)
Supplies oxygen rich blood to diff. Parts of the body.
Structure of the heart
a)
div. 4 chambers connected by valves
b)
Blood purified in the lungs.
c)
Arteries carry pure blood to diff. Part of the body.
Heart disease – cause
a)
Weak muscles
b)
Defective valves
c)
Defective pace maker
History of open heart Surgery.
a)
1953 – Dr. Gibbon inv. Heart lung machine
b)
Blood could pass through the machine
c)
Enabled open heart surgery
d)
Limitation
(i) can be used only for a few hrs. at a time.
19
(ii damages flood cells.
Abbreviation used
Diff.
Different
inv.
Invented
div.
Division
chamb. Chambers
hist.
History
hrs.
Hours
Summary:The heart is a vital organ of the body, which never stop working. It supplies oxygen
rich blood to all parts of the body. It is divided into four chambers inter connected by valves. Blood is
purified in the lungs and arteries carry it to different parts of the body. Heart disease has various cause
such as weak muscles defective valves or a defective pace maker. The era of open-heart surgery began
in 1953 when Dr. Gibbon developed the heart lung machine. Replacement of valves and other areas of
a damaged heart is now possible.
Passage II
Read the following passage carefully.
The great wall of china is said to be the one structure built on the earth by man on earth,
which could be visible to observe on the moon. It covers a distance of 1500 miles. From the Liaotung
Peninsula Westward to the last fortress in Central Asia, it crosses the northern province of china.
In the eastern section its height varies from 15 to 30 feet, and its width from about 25
feet at the bottom to 15 feet at the top, where there is a pathway wide enough for six horse– men to
ride side by side protected by parapets. When the wall was first built it had about 25000 towers each
40 feet square and 40 feet high projecting from it every few hundred yards, with holes from which the
defenders could shoot at attackers. There were also many watch-towers on the enemy side, outside the
wall on hilltops or passes. These and the towers of the wall were used for signalling with smoke or
flags by day & with fire by night.
The great Emperor Shih Huang Li joined these earlier frontier walls to form a great
wall to act as boundary between China & the north and keep out the feared nomads of The Mangolian
steppes. The wall was designed to strengthen the nation‘s defences. Later it became in Ming times, a
substitute for a strong army and state.
20
Construction was started in about 221 B.C. and the structure was practically completed
when Shih Huang Li died in 210 B.C. The man who did most in carrying out the emperors plans was
general Meng Ledn who in 221 B.C. led an expedition against the Tartars and drove them back from
the Yellow River into the Steppes, and set his men to work on building the wall. They were later
joined by thousands of Convicts. Year in and year out in icy winds and snow storms in winter, and in
dust stroms in summer, the work went on and so many men died. The wall therefore was sometimes
called the Longest Cemetery in the world. The core of the wall is earth and stone, faced with bricks
and set in a stone foundation. In hilly place the design was altered; two parallel ditches were dug out
of the rake, 25 feet apart and great blocks of stone were laid in the benches to a height of several feet.
Along each said of these stones, baked bricks about 2 feet long were laid at right angles to the face of
the wall, joined together with a white mortal so hard that no nail could be driven in to it.
Emperor Wu Ti (140-86 B.C.) resumed work on the wall and extended it to its greatest
length The Emperors of the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1386-1644) carried out work on the wall repairing
its whole length and establishing new wall west of the yellow river. The wing dynasty, which now
exists dates from the Ming.
But many of the foundation are nearly 2000 years old
Hints:-
Title
China wall visible
Notes :-
1.
Description of the unique wall
(a) huge wall
(i) ----------on earth -------(b) covers------------(c) width 25 fit. ------------(d) 2500 towers --------------
2.
Reason for building
(a) bldng.-----------(b) Ming‘s terms------------
21
3.
Stuct. of the wall
(a) foundation in stone
(b) core------------(c) hilly places
4
(i)
Two parallel--------------
(ii)
Strengthened--------------
Hist. of construction & development of the wall.
a) Began in ---------------------------b) Gen. Meng tien helped -------------------(i)
used workers & convicts
c) Emperor ----------------------d) Emperor of Meng -------------
5
Abbreviation used/key to abbreviation: Struct. structure
Dist.
distance
Ft.
feet
Wh.
which
Notes:1) Abbreviations (at least 04) must be part of your notes. Other wise 01 mark may be
deducted.
2)
Title must also be written in the beginning. It carries 01 mark
Summary: The great wall of -------------- from the moon , covers ------------ miles .It had 25000
towards --------------- attackers. It is ----------------- stone faced -------------- The construction -----------
22
-------------- completed in 210 B.C. general --------------- workers & convicts --------------- extended by
emperor wuti & Ming dynasty
Note :- Summary should be developed with the help of the notes .
Passage III
(i) Read the passage given below carefully and answer the questions that follow: (8 marks)
1. The practice of soil conservation involves methods to reduce soil erosion, prevent depletion of soil
nutrients, and restore nutrients, already lost by erosion and excessive crop harvesting. Most methods
used to control soil erosion involve, keeping the soil covered with vegetation.
2. In conventional farming, the land is ploughed several times and smoothed to make a planting
surface – a practice that makes it vulnerable to soil erosion. To reduce erosion, an increasing number
of farmers in many countries are using conservation – tillage farming, also known as minimum –
tillage, or no‐ till farming, depending on the degree to which the soil is disturbed. Farmers using
these methods disturb the soil as little as possible in planting crops.
3. For the minimum‐ tillage method, special tillers break up and loosen the subsurface soil without
turning over the topsoil. In no‐ till farming special planting machines inject seeds, fertilizers and
weed‐ killers into slits made in the un-ploughed soil.
4. In addition to reducing soil erosion, conversation – tillage and no‐ till farming reduce fuel and
tillage costs and water loss from soil. They can also increase the number of crops that can be grown
during a season.
5. Soil erosion can also be reduced by 30‐ 50 percent on gently sloping land by means of contour
farming – ploughing and planting crops in rows across, rather than up and down, the sloped contours
of the land. Each row planted horizontally along the slope of the land acts as a small dam to help hold
and slow the runoff of water.
6. Terracing can be used on steeper slopes. Each terrace retains some of the water running down the
vegetated slope. Terracing provides water for crops at all levels and decreases soil erosion by
reducing the amount and speed of water runoff. In areas of high rainfall, diversions ditches must be
built behind each terrace to permit adequate drainage.
23
7. In strip cropping, a series of rows of one crop, such as corn or soybeans, is planted in a wide strip.
Then the next strip is planted with a soil‐ conserving cover crop, such as grass or grass‐ legume
mixture, which completely covers the soil and thus reduces erosion. These alternating rows of cover
trap soil that erodes from the other rows, catch and reduce water runoff, and help prevent the spread
of plant diseases and pests from one strip to another.
8. Windbreaks can reduce erosion caused by exposure of cultivated lands to high winds or shelter
beats. These are long rows of trees planted to partially block the wind. Windbreaks also provide
habitats for birds, pest eating and pollinating insects and other animals.
2.1. On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it using headings and sub‐
headings. Use recognizable abbreviations, wherever necessary. Give the passage a suitable title. (5
marks)
1.2. Write a summary of the notes prepared in not more than 80 words. (3 marks)
Passage-IV
It is undoubtedly very heartening for the people of Assam that the state Government had chosen the
occasion of the 82nd birthday to confer upon celebrated singer and musician and Dada Sahab Phalke
Award winner, Dr. Bhupen Hazarika the first Assam Ratna award. The award announced as a
―birthday gift‖ from the people of Assam was given in recognition of Dr. Hazarika‘s immense
contribution to the socio-cultural life of the State through his creations spanning over more than half a
century.
At the age of 82, Dr. Hazarika took the occasion to share his thoughts with his millions of admirers in
the state telling them that ―he was feeling younger each day though the doctors do not agree‖. True, at
this age one can hardly be in the best of health. But it is equally true that he will remain forever as the
best among the best, an inexhaustible source of the richness of life for generations to come. On the
occassion of his birthday, his message to the people of Assam is of great significance. ―I want peace
everywhere in the world. I want Assam to prosper. If there is peace, the rest of the good things will
follow.‖
In his songs Dr. Hazarika pours out his soul for the cause of peace. He becomes in the songs at once
the humble hutment dweller tending to the embers of a husk fire, he becomes at other times, the spar
itself, igniting a people in stupor with electrifying energy. Cutting across the bonds of high and low,
rich and poor, young and old alike, Dr. Hazarika sings tirelessly with gushes of various types of
emotions making one to laugh and to cry, to rejoice and to despair and yet, long after the music
24
ceases, it continues to echo in our hearts. Through the magic of his songs, he invites each one of us to
be aware of the fact that we are indeed in the same boat; we are brothers that know not what we are
truly brothers.
Passage-V
Several State Governments including Assam have adopted the Non-detention Policy (NDP) at the
lower and upper primary stages of education. The Policy implies that students are to be promoted to
the next higher class without detention. The immediate positive result of this Policy is that it has been
able to check the alarming drop out rates at these stages of education to a considerable extent
considering that failure in annual examination was seen to be a major factor of school drop-outs.
However, the issue concerning the achievement levels of students under NDP vis-a-vis those under
non NDP remains an interesting field of study.
A recent NCERT study comparing the achievement levels of class V students in the States where the
NDP is implemented vis-a-vis students of the States where the NDP is not implemented showed
interesting finding. The objective of the study was restricted to knowing the achievement levels of
students in Language and Matchematics in class V. For achieving the objectives of the study and
finding answers to the questions, a multi-stage sampling design was used. From each region one State
was identified and from each state one district was selected from where two rural blocks and one
urban area were randomly identified. It was found that.
• Students studying where NDP is in practice performed better in Mathematics than their
counterparts studying in the States where detention policy is followed.
• The performance of students studying in the States where NDP is being followed was better
in language than their counterparts studying in States following detention policy.
The study is of value of us because it throws light on several important issues. It has been
recommended that there is the need for thorough re-look into the entire stages of school education visa-vis NDP. There is also the need for establishing a mechanism which should regularly maintain that
implementation of the policy. To improve the achievement levels of the students it was recommended
that diagnostic and remedial teaching should become an intergral part of the teaching learning
process. Considering that these mechanisms have been strengthened, can we think of implementing
the NDP up to class IX in our state?
Passage VI
A. Read the passage given below carefully for Note-making :
There’s a part of India where the tiger may still have a fighting chance ; the Western Ghats. The big
cat roams free here and in goodly numbers, from the southern tip right up to Maharashtra, Eight tiger
25
reserves–in Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala–have been rated ‘good’ to ‘satisfactory’ by the Centre’s
2009 preliminary status report on the tiger. Experts say this is because of good governances, constant
surveillance and monitoring, pro-active local tribes a zealous scientific community, habitat quality
and contiguity and an excellent prey base’, which means plentiful supplies of deer.
In Mudumalal, for instance, tiger numbers are believed nearly to have doubled in recent times. Field
director Rajiv K Srivastava says anti-poaching watchers patrol the deep deciduous forests round-theclock. “The wireless network helps rush them to vulnerable areas when they receive information
about movement of suspected poachers,” he adds. Each watcher, mostly from a local tribe, covers 1520 km daily.
The tiger has also returned to Sathyamangalam sanctuary–erstwhile Veerappan country–after two
decades. Some say this is because the guns have fallen silent, along with rising tiger numbers in
adjoining Mudumalal and Bandipur; which sends the animals looking for more area to roam.
Scientists working in the field spotted two tigresses with five cubs at two different locations last year.
Forest officers estimate that there are at least 10 tigers in the division.
The 2008 status report on tigers by the National Tiger Conservation Authority and Wildlife Institute
of India estimates tiger numbers in the Western Ghats of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala at 402,
with a lower limit of 336 and upper limit of 487. The Bandipur and Nagar-hole tiger reserves are
almost full “Highquality research on tigers and their prey base has resulted in a pool of scientific data
which facilitates reliable monitoring” says Ravi Chellam, country director, Wildlife Conservation
Society (WCS), India programme, WCS staff range across 22,00 sq km of forest in Karnataka,
tracking tigers to gather data from the field. Every quarter, the WCS shares data with the Karnataka
forest department. “Strict protection of the forests by using science is the hallmark of tiger
conservation in Karnataka,” says Chellam.
Recently, WCS scientists led by Ullas Karanth used high-tech fecal sampling to tally and assess
numbers. Tiger scat is thought to provide a unique DNA signature allowing researchers to accurately
identify individual animals. Another encouraging sign are tiger sightings in non-contiguous areas.
This indicates the presence of a “meta-population,” i.e., tigers who move from one reserve to another,
thereby improving the gene pool. This gives conservationists reason to hope that another not waiting
to happen in the south.
In the Eastern Ghats, the Nagarjunasagar-Srisilam Tiger Reserve in Andhra Pradesh is back from the
brink. The centre’s report damned the reserve as ‘poor’. The naxalite presence threatened the tiger’s
core habitat for more than a decade and foresters could not enter the area. But the tiger population
inched up to 53 in 2008 form just 34 in the nineties. “The Naxal presence is still there. But the forest
field staff have started going inside for habitat improvement, a vast change from the time when no
kind of administration existed there,” says AK Nayak, the field director.
26
But there are reasons to worry as well. At a recent seminar in Chennai, the chief wildlife wardens of
the southern states admitted they did not have enough trained staff to take on poachers. In the
rainforest habitats of Kalakad-Periyar and Anaimalal-Parambikulam, low tiger density can be
reversed only if the prey base is protected. “The time has come for the foresters to go back to
oldfashioned conservation, that is physical protection of forests, leaving development to other
departments.”
(a) On the basis of your reading of the above passage, make notes on it using recognizable
abbreviations (minimum 4) wherever necessary. Use a format you consider appropriate. Supply a
suitable Title.
(b) Write a summary of the passage in about 80 words.
27
28
29
ADVERTISEMENTS:
Advertisements are two types-Classified and General Advertisements.
a) Classified advertisements are very much like notices. They differ only in content.
b) General advertisements or Display Advertisements are given to attract the immediate
attention of a large number of readers. Generally, such advertisements are given by the
manufacturers of goods to promote the sales. These advertisements are also given for
awakening or general information.
USEFUL HINTS:
1. It should tempt the readers to go through it.
2. A catchy, simple and effective language should be used while drafting an
advertisement.
3. There should be a happy blending of style and content.
4. The main issues should be highlighted.
5. Facts should be stated clearly.
6. It should be brief and to the point. In Display or General Advertisements we can use
different types of letters for different phrases to create an added effect.
7. The name of the advertiser and the advertised product should be given in bold or
capital letters in General or Display Advertisements.
8. The students should be formal in classified advertisements but an informal tone can
be adopted in commercial advertisements.
SALIENT FEATURES:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Maximum word limit is 50 words.
It is charged at the rate of per word/line
Blocks or designs are allowed only in Classified Advertisements.
Language is simple, factual and formal.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS.
1. Situation Vacant 2. Situation Wanted 3. Placement Services 4. Accommodation Wanted 5.
Educational 6. To Let 7. Property 8. Motor Vehicle 9. Computers 10. Found 11. Financial 12.
Sale and Purchase 13. Travels and Tours 14. Lost and Found 15. Agents and Distributors 16.
Public Notices 17. Career Guidance and Counseling 18. Matrimonial 19. Business Proposals
20. Consultancy.
Specimen:
You are S K Punia of Lucknow. You want an English tutor for your daughter. Write out an
advertisement to be published in the classified columns of a local newspaper.
Wanted an English tutor for a of class XII. Only female tutors with minimum experience of teaching
10+2 classes for five years will be considered. Emoluments: travelling expenses plus 8000-10000 p.
m. contract. Contact S K Punia, 240 P Civil Lines, Lucknow, Phone: 7878797980.
30
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS
FOR SALE
Property
-Details of the kind of house (Flat/ independent house/ first floor/ farm house).
- Details about surroundings-centrally located, facing park, near railway station, airport/shopping
complex.
- Covered area and kind of colony-posh colony.
- Details of inside of the house : no of rooms, drawing-cum-dining, kitchen, baths,
servant quarters, garage, lawn etc.
- Use adjectives like airy, well-ventilated, fully furnished, brand new, newly constructed etc.
- Whether to be given on company lease.
- Expected rent/ price.
- Contact address and telephone number; e-mail address.
- Begin with „Available‟ if you are to sell/ let out your house.
- Begin with „Wanted‟ if you require an accommodation on rent/for purchase
Heading: FOR SALE
Type size floor, No. of rooms : For sale, Dilshad Garden DDA Flat MIG, First floor, two Bedrooms
with attached Baths, Drawing and Dining with two balconies.
Other Attractions : Well furnished, airy, East and park facing.
Location/surrounding : Nearby market, school, hospital and Bank, Metro and bus stand. Best
location.
Selling Price : Price Negotiable.
Contact Details : Om Properties, H Block, Dilshad Garden or Ring : ..........
SALE : MOTOR VEHICLES
- Model No., Year of manufacturing, colour.
-Colour, Accessories (new seat cover, new mats, stereo etc.).
-Single-hand driven, good condition, non-accidental, mileage, mat, invite for test drive.
-Paper-Insurance papers, pollution under control certificate.
-Expected price
-Contact address, telephone number.
FOR SALE (HOUSEHOLD / OFFICE GOODS)
-Item name, Brand name and year of manufacturing.
- Gereral condition-excellent working condition, looks brand new etc.
- Reasonable Price
-Reason for selling
Specify material in case of furniture
- Contact address and telephone no. Also mention the day and time on which to contact.
Q.You want to sell off some household items at a reasonable rate. Draft on advertisement for
local daily givingnecessary details.
Heading : HOUSEHOLD GOODS FOR SALE
Beginning : Available Household goods for sale as per the details
Item Name and Brand : (a) LG fully automatic Washing Machine, model splash 2006.
(b) Samsumg Colour TV. 21” with remote control;
General Condition : Excellent working condition.
31
Specific Details : (c) Brand new furniture of Teak Wood five seater sofa set, six seater dining
table and double bed with box.
Reason: owner going abroad
Selling Price : At very reasonable price,
Contact Details : A.B. Singh 43/1, B Block, Dilshad Garden or ring 9212734510.
TO LET
Details of kind of house (plot/Flat/ independent house)
Details of Location and surroundings
Details of no. of rooms, kitchen, garage and lawn, etc.
Rent expected, Bank and company Lease preferred.
Contact address and telephone number (can give an e-mail address)
ACCOMMODATION WANTED
• Accommodation required : No. of rooms, size, floor
• Location and surrounding : area, colony, facilities • Contact Add. (Ph. No.)
1. You want to purchase an independent house in a posh area. Draft a suitable advertisement under
the classified column. „Accommodation Wanted‟ giving your requirements and capacity to pay.
Heading :ACCOMMODATION WANTED
Beginning : Required a newly built independent house in a posh area of East Delhi,
Type size and No. of rooms : Having three bed rooms with attached baths, drawing and dining
along with modular kitchen, well ventilated.
Facility : Fully furnished, 24 hrs. Electricity and drinking water, parking.
Location and Surrounding : East and Park facing, nearby school, Bank and shopping complex,
Rent Offered : Rent offered 5 thousand per month.
Contact Details : Mr. R.V. Singh. Mob. : ...............................
MISSING PERSON/PET ANIMALS
- Name. age, sex of Child/ Person/ Pet.
- Built - tall/ medium/ slim/ fat etc.
- Height (person).
- Complexion, colour of hair, eyes (Person).
- Specify when he/ she was seen last and in which clothes.
- Any particular mark/scar or characteristic which will help in locating the person.
- Specify any message/ reward.
- Contact - name/ address/
- Pet (specific) - breed, colour of fur/skin etc.
1. You are the sister of a boy who has been missing from his home for the last two days. Draft an
advertisement under the caption „Missing‟ for a local newspaper provide necessary details and also
offer a reward.
Heading : MISSING PERSON
Name and Age : Missing a boy, Suresh Kumar, 14 years old, 5”3‟
Physical Description : Wheatish complexion, average built. Wearing white T-shirt and blue jeans.
Identifying Features : Specks, cut mark over the right eye brow.
Missing Details : since 4.8.2010 from Central Market Lajpat Nagar at 4.30 p.m.
32
Reward if any : Informer will be duly rewarded.
Contact Details : Inform Lajpat Nagar Police Station or ring : .....................
Q.Your lovely Cat named Tessa is missing since 5th Aug. 2010. Draft an advertisement under the
“Missing” Column of a local daily newspaper providing all details in about 50 words.
Heading : MISSING PET
Physical description : Missing, our beautiful lovely cat Tessa, White brown fur, 1 year old, with a red
ribbon around the neck.
Missing Details : Since 5th Aug, 2010 from the Central Park of Dilshad Garden.
Contact Details : Kindly inform Mr. A.B. Singh if found.
Reward : To be rewarded. Ring : ...............
MATRIMONIALS
Begin with wanted/Alliance or proposals invited.
Write in box seeking details regarding the girl/boy.
. Education/ professional quailfications
Service/profession income
Age, height, complexion, built
Caste/ sub-caste - religion
Qualities sought in partner
End with Box No. c/o the Daily
Words/Expressions that may be used for a GIRL
1.Homely
2.Slim
3.Smart
4. Beautiful
5.Convent educated
6. Fair-complexioned
7.Sharp –featured
8.Charming
9. Sociable
10.Gracious
11.Well settled
12Cultured
13. Pretty
Words /Expressions that may be used for a BOY
1.Well settled
2. Well qualified
3.Pleasing personality
4.Tall
5. Handsome
6.Good natured
7. Cultured
8.From business family
9.Non smoker
10 Teetotaler
11. High status family
12.Fair l
13. Wheatish
Q.After completing his M.B.A. from reputed University, your son is working as a manager in an
M.N.C. in Noida. He wants to marry a beautiful, educated, well cultured girl, Draft an advertisement for
the “Matrimonial” For Bride of a national newspaper.
Heading : BRIDE WANTED
Beginning : PQM invited for.
Physical description : 26 years, 5‟8” tall, handsome.
Academic and Professional : M.B.A from IIM, very well settled in an M.N.C. in Noida, having a
package of 15 Lakh per annum.
Caste and Religion : belongs to a well cultured Brahmin family.
Requirement : Seeks a very beautiful, charming, slim girl, Caste no bar,
Contact Details : Contact No. ........................
33
LOST AND FOUND (NEWSPAPERS/SCHOOL NOTICE-BOARD)
1. Essential Details.
2. Use the word ‗Lost‘ or ‗Found‘ at the beginning so that it is clear whether the article/object has been lost or
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
found.
Name of the Object/article lost or found.
Brand. Colour, condition - VIP, brown, leather bag.
Where/when - in a bus, school
What time Reward/ Contact.
For Lost‘ give all the details whereas for ‗Found‘ the details need not be given
completely.
Q.You have lost your bag in Metro between Uttam Nagar and Dwarka while going for an interview. It
contains a file having important certificates. Draft an advertisement for a national daily under column
„Lost and Found‟ in not more than 50 words.
LOST
Lost a black VIP Bag, 16‖ × 20‖ in Metro between Uttam
Nagar & Dwarka on 24 Jan. 2011 at 9:40 a.m. Contains
valuable documents including Certificates for graduation
and post graduation. Urgently required for
interview. Suitable reward promised. If found kindly
contact Arjun, 245, Lawrence Road, New Delhi, Phone
9597994457.
SITUATION VACANT
Name of Employer with address.
Nature of the post Vacant.
No. of Posts.
Required qualifications (Eligibility)
Salary offered.
Whom to apply (with necessary contacts)
Time limit for submission of application.
Q.You are the General Manager of a leading industrial concern. You need a Chartered Accountant for
your office. Draft an advertisement in not more than 50 words to be published in The Times of India,
New Delhi, under the classified columns.
SITUATION VACANT
Organisation : Required a Chartered Accountant for a leading concern Brakes and Brakes IndiaLtd.
Qualification/Knowledge or Experience : Well experienced, between the age group of 30-35 years,
with a multiple knowledge of finance, matters of taxation and legal matters.
Pay Scale and Perks : Attractive salary with other benefits.
Mode of Applying : Apply to General Manager within seven days with Resume/CV
Contact Add. and Phone No. : Contact G.M. Brakes and Brakes Ltd. Hari Nagar, Delhi.
Ph. No. ..........................
SITUATION WANTED
Name of post/specialization
educational qualifications and experience
Personality traits/ result oriented etc.
Terms and conditions
Salary / remuneration
34
1. Arun Gupta of M-3, Neel Kamal Appt. ‗Shimla, has a very good knowledge of tourists places in Shimla. He
wants to work as a Tourist Guide. Write out a suitable ad. for publication in the Tours and Travels Section of a
local newspapers in about 50 words
SITUATION WANTED
A Tourist Guide widely travelled, well acquainted
with hilly and historical places round about
Shimla.Well-versed in English, Hindi, Punjabi and
Local Language seeks a good job with the Local Tours
and Travels. Desirous Party may contact Arun Gupta.
M-3, Neel Kamal Appartment Shimla or
ring....................
TRAVELS & TOURS
-Begin with the phrase „package available‟
-State the name of travel agency
-Specify destination and duration
-Provide details of package-food / boarding
/lodging / sight seeing
-Give estimated cost and special discount
-end with contact address and phone number
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
-Name of the institution /its past record
-Courses offered / duration
-Eligibility criteria
-facilities available and fee structure
-Last date for registration
-Address / contact details.
1. You want to sell your blue coloured Maruti 800 car. Draft an advertisement for the
classified columns of the Times of India giving particulars of models, mileage and the
expected price. You may add other details too.
2. Your family is moving out of Delhi since your father has been transferred. You want to sell a
number of household items at a reasonable rate. Draft an advertisement for this purpose to be put up
outside the RWA‟s office specifying the items and giving necessary details.
3..Your nephew, a kid of 5 years has got lost, giving full details of the missing kid, draft an
advertisement for a local newspaper.
4.You are Mayank/ Mona of G.K.I. Your pet dog is missing since July 13, 2009. Draft an
advertisement for the „missing‟ column of a news paper giving details about the breed of the dog,
name, sex, mark of identification etc. and also offer an award.
5. A retired army officer is looking for a suitable match for his smart, convent educated daughter.
Write out a matrimonial advertisement for publication in newspaper.
35
6. You are Zaheer Khan of 22, Sports Lane, Delhi. You wish to give on rent the Ist floor of your newly
constructed house. Draft an add to be published in the „To let‟ classified columns of „The Indian
Times.” 50 words
7. A highly placed I.T. Professional settled in America seeks alliance with an exceptionally beautiful,
educated, cultured, tall girl of Brahmin family. Write a suitable
advertisement for the “Matrimonial” column of a national daily.
8. You have found a briefcase in the compartment of Rajdhani Express while travelling from Delhi to
Mumbai. Draft an advertisement for the Hindustan Times under the classified column
9. You propose to sell your flat as you are going abroad. Draft an advertisement for it to be published
in Daily Times under classified columns.
10.You want to buy a new car and hence want to sell your 4 year old motorcycle first Draft a „For sale‟
advertisement to be put up at the notice board of the community centre giving necessary details.
11. .You are Dr. Madhu. You are looking for an independent house in Ghaziabad on a reasonable
rent for your residence –cum –clinic. Draft an advertisement. Your phone no.is 45355667.
12. Sita Travels offers a package tour for Mauritius. Draft an advertisement.
13. You are C.A.. You are capable of handling accounts and managing finances.Write an
advertisement seeking a job.
14. You are the secretary in Herbal India Ltd.. Draft an advertisement for the situation vacant column
for the post of Sales Executive in your company.
15. Indian Institute of Foreign Languages is starting courses in foreign languages. Write an
advertisement giving description about the courses.
ANSWERS:
CAR FOR SALE
AVAILABLE Maruti 800 DX
,2000 Model in excellent
condition. Blue, scratchless
,self driven ,sparingly used.
Average 18 km a litre. Driven
17000 km. All accessories
intact. Expected price not
below Rs. 1.40 lacs. Contact
:Malhotra ,011-22238954
FOR SALE
MISSING PERSON
FOR IMMEDIATE SALE ,a
brand new Akai TV
29”purchased in 2009 ;LG
washing machine Model RC121
,purchased 2008 ;5 seater sofa
set made of teak wood. All in
excellent condition. Owner
transferred. Prices negotiable.
Contact : XYZ ,Phone 01123487869
MISSING from Khan Market
22 August ,2010 my
nephew Shubham ,aged 5
,86 cm ,fair , slim built ,curly
hair , birth mark below right
ear ,wearing white T-shirt
and black shorts. Speaks
Hindi and English. Informer
will be suitably rewarded.
Contact: XYZ , 9892443382
Q.1 Q.2 Q.3
36
MISSING PET
nd
MISSING since 2 August ,
2010 a dark brown , male
Labrador ,20‟‟ height , one
year old . Scabbie has a hole
on his left ear and a strap of
black leather round his neck.
If found please contact :
Mayank GK 1 , Delhi .Phone:
9899987875
(Finder will be suitably
rewarded)
GROOM WANTED
TO LET
ALLIANCE invited for beautiful,
slim ,fair ,smart ,convent
educated Punjabi girl 25/5‟4”.
B.Com, M.B.A and working in a
reputed bank. Father retired
Army Officer, living in South
Delhi. Boy must be well qualified
from well established reputed
family. Respond for early and
decent marriage to
P.O.BOX : 136 A , The Times of
India ,New Delhi
E-mail : ram@rediffmail.com
AVAILABLE on rent basis
st
the 1 floor of a newly built
house in Sports Lane. Three
bedrooms with attached
bathrooms, a drawing –cumdining room and modular
kitchen. All amenities and
parking space. 24 –hour
water supply, power backup.
Close to Metro Station.
Company lease preferred.
Contact : Zaheer Khan ,22
,Sports Lane Delhi. Phone:
989875698.
Q4 Q.5 Q.6
BRIDE WANTED
FOUND
FLAT FOR SALE
PROPOSAL invited from an
exceptionally beautiful ,highly
educated ,tall ,Brahmin girl for
very handsome ,tall and
cultured boy 29/5‟10”. IT
professional settled in London
as CEO of a reputed firm.
Parents having business in
Delhi. Only sister married.
Horoscope must. Send bio
data and photo to
akshay@yahoo.com
Mob: 9849284934
FOUND an unlocked black VIP
briefcase on 31 Aug. 2011 at 9 :
40 a.m. while travelling by the
Rajdhani Express (Mumbai to
Delhi ). Contains important
certificates. Will be handed to
the owner after ascertaining the
particulars, identification and
content. The rightful claimant
may contact : XYZ , 45, Nehru
Place ,Delhi. Mob:
98785738545
AVAILABLE a spacious, fully
furnished MIG flat in prime
locality of Dwarka,Delhi. Close
to metro station. Ground floor
,3 bedrooms with attached
bathrooms ,modular kitchen
,east facing. Car parking
available.24hr water and
power supply. Owner going
abroad. Reasonable price.
Genuine parties may contact:
A.B. Singh ,234567567
Q.7 Q.8 Q 9
37
ACCOMODATION WANTED
TRAVELS AND TOURS
WANTED a spacious and well
built independent house with a
basement in Ghaziabad for a
house-cum –clinic. Exquisitely
designed, 3/4 bedrooms with a
drawing room and lobby. Prefer
separate entry for clinic and
parking. 24 hr water supply 7
power back up. Rent terms to be
negotiable.
Contact :Dr. Madhu ,Ph:
45355667.
ATTRACTIVE PACKAGE
available for Mauritius , 3
nights/4 days , breakfast
and dinner , stay at 4-star
hotel , all transfers and
sightseeing by deluxe
coach. Rs. 10,000 per
person. Special discount for
booking till
th
10 October,2010.
Contact: Sita Travels ,227
Jagriti Enclave ,Delhi. Ph:
9854778385.
SITUATION WANTED
SITUATION VACANT
EDUCATIONAL
A well qualified and expert
C.A. with handsome
personality & 35 yrs. of age
seeks a job in Delhi. Highly
competent to handle accounts
and mange finances .Having
10 yrs experience and
presently working with Jindal
Iron and Steel industries,
Hisar but shifting to Delhi.
Working knowledge of
computers & good
communication skills.
Minimum pay acceptable: Rs.
50‟000 p.m..
Contact :P.K. Jain , 35,Urban
Estates ,Hisar. Ph:
9886544549.
Herbal India Limited , a reputed
pharmaceutical company
requires a Sales Executive for
its marketing division . Minimum
qualifications-B. Pharmacy.
Work experience of at least 3
years. Proficiency in English,
impressive personality and
ready to travel. Handsome
salary and other perks. Apply
with detailed resume till
th
15 October ,2010 to: Manager,
Herbal India Limited,
247 ,Ashok Vihar ,Delhi.
Phone: 23453234
FOR SALE
AVAILABLE a black PULSAR,
2006 ,with disc brakes and 4
stroke engine 180 cc ,
installed with self start
technology .Alloy wheels
,digital meter ,average around
40kmpl ,complete documents.
Excellent condition, self
driven. Price negotiable.
Contact: Ramesh ,15 ,Greater
Kailash ,Delhi. Ph: 23454355.
Q10 Q.11 Q 12
Indian Institute of Foreign
Languages announces the
commencement of its short
term courses in French ,
Chinese and Japanese.
Duration : 6 months.
Eligibility: senior secondary.
Excellent faculty,
computerised training. FeeRs. 10,000/-.Last date for
registration : 25 October,
2010. Contact : Manager ,
Indian Institute of Foreign
Languages , Sector 15 ,
Gurgaon. Ph: 9685857439.
Q13 Q.14 Q.15
38
More Practice Questions:
1. You are Arun Das of 234 T. Nagar, Chennai. You have an experience of seven yours as
Export Assistant in different export house. Draft a suitable advertisement for the ‗Situation
Wanted‘ column of National Daily.
2. On behalf of Career Orientations, leading name in postal coaching for IIT-JEE and
CBSE_PMT in India, write an advertisement to be published in The Times of India for the
benefit of students who aspire to take admissions in prestigious and medical colleges.
3. Your daughter, Anita Pandit is 23 years old. She 159 cms, fair complexioned and a regular
trained graduate teacher in government school. Write a suitable matrimonial advertisement
for her to be published in The Indian Express, Banglore.
4. Someone in your family has got lost. Give full details of this person to Doordarshan.
5. You lost a library book issued in your name while travelling by bus. Write an advertisement
to be published in a local daily, giving the particulars of the book.
6. You want to sell your motorbike. Draft an advertisement suitable to be published in The
Indian Express, under the classified advertisements column. You are Anil Sharma, Paschim
Vihar, and Delhi.
7. Write a suitable advertisement to be published in a national daily for Rotas Industries.
Faridabad, a leader in soft- computers, seeking agencies, franchise and distributorship for
Northern India.
8. You have recently constructed a house in a posh area with all the facilities. You have decided
to give it on rent. Draft a suitable advertisement for the ‗To Let‘ column of a local daily. Give
all the necessary details, including the contact no.
9. You want to hire accommodation for your newly started business in readymade garments for
the same, to be published in the classified columns of The Hindu.
39
NOTICE:
1. A notice is a formal announcement or information.
2. It can be a warning in advance and may be used for giving information to a section of
people or people.
3. Notices are generally given in newspaper or magazines. Educational notices are displayed
on notice boards in schools and colleges.
4. Notices are written on in a very formal and simple language.
5. They are brief and to the point, having no scope for irrelevant or superfluous material.
6. The signatures of the issuing authority of the notice, for example, the Principal / President
or Secretary of the Students‘ Council/ Secretary of the Drama and Cultural club etc. are
made at the bottom on the left-side.
7. The date is given either at the top or at the bottom.
8. It should be written in box.
9. The students can choose any of the following ways of writing the date:
I)
10 March 2015
II)
10 March, 2015
III)
10th March, 2015
IV)
March 10, 2015
Unless asked, the students should write the same date on which they are taking the examination.
(The wh questions give the skeleton form of the answer)
What is being organized? Who is organizing?
Which is the target group? When is it being held?
Where is it being held? Additional information
Whom to contact Last date of submission and to whom
Agenda is written if it there is a meeting
1. underline the heading. (Do not underline name of institute and the word ‗NOTICE‖)
2. If place of the institute is mentioned write it along with the name
3. Do not use informal language
4. Do not use 1st and second person.
Format -2 Marks [Name of organization,NOTICE,Title,Date,Name,Designation] Content-3 M
Examples:
Notices issued by „Residents Welfare Association‟.
Power Cut
What, When : This is to inform all the residents of the society that there will be a power cut
for four hours on 8th Aug. 2014 from 1 p.m. to 5 p.m.
Reason : due to the installation of electronic meters. Inconvenience is regretted.
Name with designation of issuing authority : President, R.W.A., Mayur Vihar Phase I,
Delhi.
40
Water Shortage:
Considering the acute water shortage in the colony this summer, all the residents of Vasant
Kunj,
A-Block are requested not to waste potable water by cleaning their cars, verandahs, drive
ways etc. or watering the plants with a hosepipe. A fine of Rs. 500/- will be imposed on the
defaulters. Kindly save water for better tomorrow.
President
Resident Welfare Society
Vasant Kunj, A Block.
1. S.K.V. Dilshad Garden is organising an educational tour to Goa for the class XI and XII.
Write anotice for your school notice board inviting students to join the tour. Invent other
necessary details.
Issuing Authority : S.K.V. DILSHAD GARDEN
The Word : NOTICE
Heading : Excursion Tour
Date : Aug. 7, 2014
Body of Notice : The students of class XI and XII are hereby informed that our school is
organizing an educational tour to Goa as per the details.
Details of Programme : Destination : Goa
Duration : From 13 Sept. to 18 Sept. 2014
Expenses : Rs. 3500/- pp. includes, Train fare, boarding, lodging, sightseeing, etc.
Body of Notice : Interested students may give their names to the undersigned along with
the fees latest by 30th Aug. 2014.
Name and designation of person issuing the notice : Mrs. S. Krishna (P.E.T.)
Q You are Suresh Pandey, Secretary of K.A. Residents‟ Welfare Society, Indirapuram. Write
a notice requesting the members of the society to attend a meeting to discuss the problem of
R.O water supply and D.G power back-up of your society.
K.A. RESIDENTS‟ WELFARE SOCIETY, INDIRAPURAM
NOTICE
September 10, 2014
URGENT MEETING!
The residents of K.A Residents‟ Welfare Society, Indirapuram are informed that an urgent
meeting of the Society will be held on September 20, 2014 at 9.30 a.m. in the RWA office, Hblock. All the members are requested to attend it.
Agenda:
1. The problem of R.O. water supply.
2. The problem of poor D.G power back-up in the society
Sign.
(SURESH PANDAY)
Secretary
41
Q. Your school is organizing a Blood Donation Camp in association with the Red Cross
Society of India. Write a notice giving essential details about the same. Sign yourself as the
Principal of the school. (Word limit – 50 words)
JAWAHAR NAVODYA VIDYALAYA, KAPURTHALA
NOTICE
BLOOD DONATION CAMP
28 January 2014
All the members of the staff as well as the students of this school are hereby informed that
the Red Cross Society of India is organizing a Blood Donation Camp in our school as per
the following details:
Date : 02 February, 2014
Time : 8 AM to 5 PM
Venue : School Assembly Hall
Age Limit: Above 15 Years
All are requested to please come forward and donate blood for a noble cause.
(S.K. Pant)
PRINCIPAL
Q. Ramanujan has lost his English Book entitled “History of English Literature‟ by Smith. He
decides to put up a notice on the students‟ notice board of the school. He is a student of
class XII of Saint Kabir School, New Delhi. Write a notice in not more than 50 words
Saint Kabir School, New Delhi
NOTICE
Lost English Book
25 January 2014
A very costly red bound book entitled “History of English Literature” written by Smith
has been lost today during preparation time near the Physics Laboratory. It has a
laminated transparent cover with the author‟s name written on the first page .It
bears the stamp of British Council Library, New Delhi.
Finder is requested to hand over the same to the undersigned. A Suitable reward is
promised to the finder.
Ramanujan
Class xii A
42
Practice questions:
1. As Teacher Coordinator of the Quiz Club of AMM School, Pune draft a Notice in not more than
50 words informing students of the inter-class quiz contest asking them to register their names
with the Secretary of the Club within a week.
2. You are Secretary of History Club Vidya Mandir School. Draft a notice in not more than 50
words informing students of proposed visit to some important historical sites in your city.
3. You are Sunil/Sunita of DRM Vidyalaya, Surat. As coordinator of Red Cross Society wing of
your school, you propose to organize a one-day blood donation camp at your school. Draft a
notice in not more than 50 words to be placed on your school notice board appealing to the
students to motivate their parents neighbours to participate in this noble cause.
4. You have lost the gold ring in the school grounds. Write a notice for the notice-board of your
school and announcing that the finder will be suitably rewarded.
5. As Principal of Sardar Patel Vidyalaya, Lucknow draft a notice in not more than 50 words
informing students of the change in school timings with effect from the 1st of November. Sate
valid reasons for the change.
6. You are the Secretary of the Welfare Association, Sector 14, Hubli, and Karnataka recently there
have been a spate of thefts, murders and vehicle lifting in your area. Write a suitable notice to be
circulated among the residents informing them to take certain precautionary and security
measures to deal with such cases of crime in the colony.
7. You are Secretary of J P Narayan Housing Society, Meerut. Draft a notice in not more than 50
words stating that the second installment of maintenance charges falls due on 31st March, 2015,
and requesting the members to pay before the due date. Sign as Anil/Anita.
43
44
POSTERS
Posters are notices, advertisements and invitations- all in one. That is why they should be crafted
with utmost care. The letters in the posters must be big as people read them from a distance.
ColorfulS, attractive and tempting posters attract the attention of a large no. of people. There need
not be many details in poster. Only very important issue/s should be highlighted in it.
SOME USEFUL HINTS:
1. As stated above , posters are notices, advertisements and invitations-all in one. Hence, good
posters recapture and recreate the basic moods and styles of all these three means catch
the attention of the passersby.
2. A poster should be so designed as can be put up at a public place. A good poster must be
catch the attention of the passersby.
3. Striking designers and ornate work are two important features of good posters.
4. As posters are generally put up at public places, the people generally read them a distance.
So, as far as possible, the others used in the posters must be bigger than other such writings.
Use of bold or capital letters is frequently done.
5. There not be many details in poster. Only important issue/s should be highlighted through
catchy phrases, slogans or tempting and inviting language.
45
PRACTICE QUESTIONS:
1. Kamal Circus is in the town. Design a wall-poster urging the people not miss this opportunity
for enjoyment.
2. You are going to contest the election for the post of the P resident of the Students’ Council
of your school. Design a poster in not more than 50 words for your voters impressing upon
them why they should vote for you. Your may use slogans.
3. You are the Secretary of the Creative Arts of your school. Your club is organizing ‘On- TheSpot Painting Competition’ at the school campus on the coming Sunday. Prepare a graceful
poster for the occasion.
4. Design an attractive and instructive poster on behalf of the Delhi Police to educate and warn
the people against unclaimed stray articles like dolls, tiffin-boxes or transistors lying in public
places/trains/buses to avert bomb blasts.
5. Design a poster to announce A Public Meeting at Ram Lila Grounds, Delhi. Imagine yourself
as the Secretary Janta Party, Delhi State.
6. Draft a poster advertising a clearance sale of household articles by a family going abroad.
List some of the articles being sold.
7. Design a poster for promoting the need for joining the Defence Services.
46
INVITATIONS
Invitations form an important part of human intercourse or social dealings between individuals or
human groups.
They are of two types:
2. FORMAL INVITATION
a) Printed Invitation Cards- Guests are invited to present on a particular occasion. They
generally do not include the names of the addressee.
b) In the form of a formal letter- a VIP in invited to preside over a social, cultural and
educational function. The name of the addressee prominently appears in this invitation.
3. INFORMAL INVITATION
They take the form of personal letters and are sent to our friends, relatives and dear ones.
The form of such invitations is relaxed, informal and flexible.
PRACTICE MATERIAL:
FORMAL INVITATON (PRINTED)
1. You are a student of Neelgiri Public
School, Ooty. The school is holding its
annual function. Write an invitation on
behalf of the Principal of your school
inviting the important persons of the
town to attend the function to be held
on December 20, 2015, at 10 am.
2. Using the information given below in
the input, prepare a draft for an
invitation card to be sent on behalf of
your parents on the occasion of the
wedding of sister.
Marriage of daughter- on 31st MarchReception of Barat at 8 pm-Doli-6 am.
FORMAL INVITATIONS (Not Printed)
3. You are the Secretary of the Old Students’ Association, Modern School Barasat Road,
New Delhi. Using the information given in the input, write invitation letters to all the old
students of the school on the Alumni Meet.
Alumni Meet on 4th August- Dinner and Dance- at Ashoka Hotel, Delhi-confirm your
seats.
47
4. Send a formal invitation to Sh Bhishan Sahani, a renowned Hindi writer and the maker of
the controversial film ‘Tamas’ to speak on ‘Communal Harmony and National
Integration’. Imagine yourself as S K Kapur, Secretary, Deepak Club, Chandigarh.
INFORMAL INVITATIONS
1. You are Raj Rishi Mehra of
24, Sector 21, Chandigarh.
Draft an invitation for your
friends and relatives,
inviting them on the fifth
birth anniversary of your
daughter Neera at your
residence.
2. You are invited on the
birthday celebrations of a
friend, but can’t be present
there due some unavoidable
circumstances. Write a reply
expressing your inability to
attend the function.
Figure 1: Informal invitation
3. Draft a reply, in not more
than 50 words, accepting an invitation to be present on the occasion of the first
marriage anniversary of your friend.
4. Write a reply to Sun Shine Club, New Delhi expressing your inability to accept their
offer of playing a friendly match on the coming Sunday. Imagine yourself as R K Singh,
the Manager of Young Heroes, Ajmeri Gate, Delhi.
Figure 2: Acceptance
48
Figure 3: Regret
49
50
REPORT WRITING
GUIDELINES:
Writer
Observes
Event
Reports to
General reader
Defined reader
No specific purpose
For a specific purpose
Mainly published in
newspapers and
magazines.
Usually not published or
published only in special
places.
51
QUALITIES OF NEWS PAPER REPORT
 It has to have appropriate language.
 Since the events being reported are in the recent past, the past indefinite, past continuous,
and past perfect tenses are used.
 The language used is formal.
 The passive voice is preferred.
Journalese or journalistic vocabulary is used:
 (a).‘according to sources’/’according to a spokesman’;
 (b) Words like ‘murderer’, smuggler’ etc. are preceded by ‘suspected’/’alleged’.
 There should be a logical development of ideas, i.e. causes/reasons, effects, or
consequences.

It should be comprehensive and reflect opinions of people.

It should contain views of all the sides involved.

Personal pronouns are to be avoided.
QUALITIES of a School Magazine Report
 The report for a school magazine follows the same format as a newspaper report

The language is semi-formal.

The writers name and the class is mentioned just below the heading / the title of report.
Points to remember (for news report)
•
A news report should have
 headline,
 date,
 and place of origin of the news.
•
It should carry the Byline / name of the reporter.
•
It should contain only relevant information.
POINTS TO REMEMBER
(FOR FIRST PERSON ACCOUNTS)
52
Describe the incident objectively
The description must be logical and in sequence
POINTS TO REMEMBER
(FOR FACTUAL DESCRIPTION)
Be objective
The presentation should be logical and systematic
POINTS TO REMEMBER
(FOR FACTUAL DESCRIPTION OF PROCESS)
Give step by step account of the
 activity,
 experiment,
 and procedure .
Heading and reporters name is essential.
HOW SHOULD A REPORT LOOK!
Headline
Must attract attention of the reader

Catchy;
 Brief – leave out articles, propositions etc., where possible;
 Use abbreviation/shortened word-forms where ever possible.
 Ex. Jyothi turns 90.
Byline
 The line with the reporter’s name on it is called the ‘By’ line because it tells by whom the
article is written.

Write the word ‘By’ followed by reporter’s name.

In case no name is mentioned write “by Special Correspondent/by our Staff Reporter”
Lead paragraph
 Should answer the questions: Who? What? Where? When? Why?
53

The Lead paragraph should contain

The day, date, and the time of the day when it happened.

Name(s) of the person(s)/event(s) etc. the news it about.

The place where the incident happened.

Details of the incident.

Reasons why the incident happened.
Paragraph 2
 The second paragraph should tell the reader how the incident happened.
 Narrate the incident in chronological order.
Paragraph 3
 A newspaper reporter basis his report on eye witnesses.

He listens to number of eye witness and builds his story on their accounts.

Eye witness account adds to the authenticity of the news.
Paragraph 4
Describe the future course of the action being planned.
54
Details of the report for Event / Function
1. Factual details:
•Name /nature of event
•Occasion
•Organizers
•Date, time, venue
2. sequence/Details of the event
3. Details about Chief Guest/ Judges/
4. Highlights of the Events:
•Chief Guest‟s Message
•Vote of Tanks
•Conclusion of the event
•A comment (s) on the quality of the programme
ACCIDENTS

What happened

Where, when, how,

People/vehicles involved

Loss of life and property

Details of rescue and relief operations

he accident scene

Details of the causality – dead, injured , hospitalized
55

Inquiry ordered if required)

Grants to victims‟ kin/injured (if required)

Comment by reporter on similar tragedies/ accidents
One killed, 10 injured in road accident
By Staff Reporter Kakinada: One person died and 10 others were seriously injured in a road accident
near Talupulamma Lova temple in Tuni mandal on Sunday. The driver lost control of the vehicle
causing it to overturn. Thirty-year-old U. Narasimha Murthy died on the spot and 10 others suffered
serious injuries. A total of 30 persons were travelling on the tractor-trailer and they were returning
from the hill shrine when the incident took place. All of them belong to Bheemakosupalem village
near Ramachandrapuram, according to Tuni circle inspector N. Madhusudana Rao.
DETAILS OF HOW TO WRITE FACTUAL DESCRIPTION OF PLACE




Person
Visits And Journeys
Objects
Process
P L A C E:
 Name
 Location
 Dimensions- shape, colour, design
 Type- city/building/park/monument, etc.
 Atmosphere
 Sights, sounds, smell
 Purpose/use
 History
 Importance
 Summing Up
56
Rama Krishna Beach: The Rama Krishna Beach, or RK Beach as it is commonly called, is one of
the best tourist spot in Vizag. The beaches of Vizag enthrall the tourists and the clean beaches
attract tourists in great numbers. Swimming, sun bathing, playing the beach volleyball or simply
sitting under the cool shade of a tree and reading a book are the favorite pastime of many.
R.K.Beach is a great picnic spot to spend time with your loved ones. Rama Krishna beach is a
favorite beach resort for tourists visiting Vishakhapatnam. Both the Ramakrishna beach presents
a picturesque and beautiful scenic beauty. It is Vizag's favorite evening sojourn. An aquarium,
the Kali temple, Visakha Museum, Roadside restaurants offering seafood is the other attractions
at this beautiful.
PERSON:
 Name
 Relationship with the wirier
 Social status/role/profession
 Appearance/(looks :features; clothes; height; health)
 Characteristics of personality- qualities/ attitude/way of walking/ talking
 Opinion of others about him
 Any other relevant point (could be brought out by narrating an incident)
The very first thing anyone notices about Tom are his eyes and smile. His eyes are a strange yet
beautiful hazel; the blue of his eyes is one of the truest blue hues I have ever seen, while the green
that flecks the orbs is lighter, with a hint of gold. Those are are truly the windows to his soul and
emotional state, for I can always read the emotion and feeling there; sometimes even the thought
that crosses his mind because it is clearly written within those blue-greens of his. His smile is
absolutely beaming and always with a hint of mischief in the making. That smile makes his eyes
twinkle with mirth, and shows off the dimples that are set in his cheeks slightly lower than my own.
His grin is almost cock-eyed, which is why there is always a mischievous look to it. He's tall, standing
6' 3" and towers over my smaller stature of 5'7". He's of strong build, muscular but not overly so and
even though he works hard everyday with his hands, they are still smooth and supple, with long,
graceful fingers. He has broad shoulders and legs that are long and powerful. When he walks it is
with a confident, powerful stride.
VISITS AND JOURNEYS:









Date
Occasion
Place/places involved
Purpose of visit
Group /individual
Places visited
Scenic beauty
Interaction with locals/with other tourists
Interesting incidents(s) problems) faced
57
 Enjoyed/did not like the place
 Future- visits again/avoid
 Conclusion
OBJECT:











Name
Dimension- shape , colour , design( material stored, if any )
Make/model ( year of manufacture)
Purpose/use
Operational details( gadget)
Functions/importance
Price
Availability
Material
Use
Summing up
Wet grinder, a grinder used with water. Wet grinders have a
wide application in industry, workshops, and commercial
and domestic kitchens throughout Africa and Asia. Kitchen
wet grinders are very popular tools in the South Indian
kitchen used to make paste out of soaked grains and lentils.
At one time, a wet grinder consisted of a large rock with a
hole in it, where a cylindrical rock with a wooden handle fit
in. The grain and lentil mixture was poured in with water and
the cylinder rotated by the handle on the top to grind the food together. The ground paste is
used for various food items like idli, dosa, sevai and vada. The evolution of grinders have a
dramatic change in the working. The earlier form of wet grinder called "Attan Kallu" used
mechanical energy in which the user has to rotate the top stone called "Kullavi" to grind the
medium.The invention of electricity has led to the development of electric-powered wet
grinders. By this invention, the powered wet grinders have both the top and the base stone
rotating. These electric models were first introduced in restaurants and later moved into the
home.Most modern models still have stone components for the grinding action. The stone is
usually granite stone. The old manual grinding stones used to be refinished for better
results. Modern stones usually don't need refinishing and they last much longer. However,
despite these advances in bringing modern engineering into Indian kitchens, there are
limitations.
PROCESS:
•Name and title
•Steps in sequential order
•Observed facts and conclusions drawn
•Present tense/ passive voice
•Objective language
58
How to make tea?
Add 2 spoons of tea leaves to water and wait for it to boil. Add two spoons of sugar and
1/4th cup milk. Bring it to boil. Strain the tea into a cup.
OR
Step 1: Add 2 spoons tea leaves to water and wait for it to boil.
Step 2: Add two spoons of sugar and 1/4th cup milk.
Step 3: Bring it to boil.
Step 4: Strain the tea into a cup.
Marking scheme:
•Format 1 mark
–Title and reporter’s name, date and place in case of newspaper report
•Content 4 marks (what, when, where, why, how)
•Expression
–Accuracy, appropriate words and spellings 2 ½
–Coherence and relevance of ideas & style 2 ½
59
Practice questions:
1. You have been asked to observe the teaching of a new teacher in your school. You are
Sameer, the head of English department.
Write a factual description of the same in 100-125 words.
2. Your company recently sent you to be a part of the software Meet in London. Give a
factual description of the same in 100-125 words.
3. During one of your school tours you went to visit Kashmir, the paradise of India. Write a
factual description about the place and its grandeur beauty in 100-125 words.
4. As tour manager for Happening Holidays, write a factual description about your
experience in Mount Abu with Hi-Q International School in 100-125 words.
5. As a parent of a school-going child, write a factual report about the demonstration of
P.T.A. members against the hike in the school fee in 100-125 words.
6. You are Rajesh. You travelled by air for the first time. Narrate your experiences in the
form of a report in 100-125 words.
60
61
FORMAT OF LETTER WRITING:
Sender's Address: for example
Devi Enclave
Raj Ram Marg
Bangalore-21
DATE: 14 April 20XX
Address of the Addressee: for example
The Director/Mr./Mrs.
Global Enterprises,
8th cross, Victoria Layout,
Bangalore-46
Salutation: Sir
Subject: …
………………………………………….
Content: Introduction
Body
Conclusion
Signatory: Yours faithfully
Rohan Mathur
Sample Letters:
You are Siddhi/ Sanjay of U-03 G Block Kasturi Nagar Mysore-37.Write a letter to the
Director NGO Bird Links Society, Bangalore expressing your concern about the decrease in
the number of the birds in Delhi.
House No- U/03
G Block Kasturi Nagar
Mysore -37
30 June 2011
The Director
NGO Bird Links Society
Bangalore
Karnataka
Sir,
Sub: Diminishing number of birds: Need for Immediate Concern
62
I wish to bring to your kind notice my growing concern about rapid decrease in the
population of birds in Mysore. Mysore is known to have more than 500 species of birds but
many of them are on the verge of extinction.
According to the reports from the recent seminar held on Conservation of Birds, there was a
time, when a number of birds would flock to the banks of river Kaveri, Bandipur wild life
sanctuary and forested canopy in Mysore. These numbers have come crashing down in the
recent years.
The main reasons are rampant construction of buildings, bridges and flyovers, filling of
swamps, mangroves water bodies , cutting of forests and of course, other ways of
environmental pollution.
Many species have become endangered and the thousands of migratory birds flocking in
seasons which was a feast to our eyes, have left this place to more healthful places. It was
time the people of Mysore were made aware of this grave situation by conducting seminars
and workshops and the policy makers and administrator thought over the engulfing problem
and found solutions.
The locals should be given incentives for preserving the habitats of birds. Sanction for the
construction of buildings, malls, bridges and so on should be given only after proper
evaluation of the environmental impact of those constructions over the life of species there.
Let‘s not forget that birds are an important link in the food chain.
I request the government, environmentalists and the society to show their concern before it is
too late.
Yours faithfully
(Sidhi Sharma)
Sample Letter No-2
You are Suresh/Sarika Jain of No-20 Jawahar Nagar,Jaipur. Two months ago you bought a
desert cooler from M/s Cool Home Coolers Jaipur. Now you discover that it is not working
properly.
Write a letter to the Manager Customer Care complaining about the malfunctioning of the
unit and asking them to repair and if needed to replace it against warranty.
20 Jawahar Nagar
Jaipur
24 June, 2011
M/s Cool Home Cooler
20 Nehru Marg
Jaipur
Sir,
Sub: Complaint about the malfunctioning desert cooler
63
Reference: Cash Memo No DC-98765 dated 17.4.2011
I wish to bring it to your notice that I purchased a ‘Cooler Home’ desert cooler from you on 17 April,
2011 (Vide Cash Memo No DC-98765, dated 17.04.2011).
The cooler did function well in the beginning for one and a half months and then it has started giving
problems. The problems are - water leakage, heavy noise while working and high consumption of
power.
Kindly take immediate steps to either repair the cooler or replace it as the cooler is still under
warranty period.
Yours faithfully
Suresh
(SURESH SINGH)
Sample Letter No- 3
You are Isha/Ishan, the secretary of the Students’ Forum of Sahrudaya Vidyalaya,
Indranagar.
You have planned an excursion to Jog falls during the summer vacation. Write a letter to the
General Manager, Southern Railway, for reservation of a bogie for 60 students from
Bangalore to Shimoga and back, supplying all necessary information.
The Secretary
Sahrudaya Vidyalaya
Indranagar.
01 Mar 2012
The General Manager
Southern Railways
Bangalore
Sub: Request for the reservation of a Bogie for 60 students
Sir,
A group of 60 students of class XI of this school has planned to visit Jog Falls during the
summervacation. They will be accompanied by three teachers and two attendants. They
plan to leaveBangalore on 15th May by Jeevan Express and return by the same train from
Shimoga on 25th May.
Kindly confirm whether a bogie can be reserved for the above mentioned dates. We would
also like to know the estimated fare so that we can make necessary arrangements at our
end.
64
The List of the members of the tour party is enclosed in the prescribed proforma. Kindly
provide the eligible students’ concession. We request you to send the details at the earliest
@sahrudayavidyalayaind@gmail.com/ @2852456 to enable us to plan in advance.
Yours faithfully
Isha
Secretary
Sample Letter No- 4
You are Satish/Sonali, the student prefect in charge of the school library. You have been
asked by your Principal to write a letter to place an order for children’s story books (10 – 13
years). Write aletter to M.S.Book Depot Ramnagar, Bikaner placing an order for the books.
Invent the necessary details.
St. Mary’s Convent
Jabalpur
15th July, 20…
M/s M.S. Book Depot
Ramnagar
Bikaner
Sir,
Sub: Placing Order for Children’s Story Books
The school has decided to purchase story books for children between the age group of 10
and 13years. The books mentioned below may please be sent by V.P.P. within 10 days from
the date of receipt of this letter:
Sl. No Name of the book
Author
Quantity
1
Stories from the Panchatantra
A.S. Rawal
5
2
Tales from the Arabian Nights
S.E. Paces
10
3
The adventures of Tom Sawyer
Mark Twain
10
4
Tales from Shakespeare
Charles & Mary Lamb
10
We request you to give 20 % discount on the printed prices. We assure you to pay the VPP
charges at the time of delivery of books.
Yours faithfully
Ram Kumar
(RAM KUMAR)
PRINCIPAL
65
QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE
1. You are Manas/ Manasi at the Press Apartments of Sunder Nagar, Bihar. The main road leading to
this colony has three man holes causing frequent accidents at night. There are no street lights on the
main road. Write a letter to the Editor of the Times of India drawing attention of the government to
this problem of the residents.
2. Write a letter to the Editor of a national daily inviting the attention of the authorities towards the
increasing Environmental pollution in your city.
3. You are Vishal / Veena, a student of class XII of 10, Green Park, New Delhi is interested in learning
languages. You come across an advertisement in The Times of India issued by The Institute of
Foreign languages, New Delhi about the certificate course in Japanese offered by them. You decide
to write a letter to the Director of the Institute seeking more information about the course duration,
working hours, fee structure, etc. Write the letter.
4. As Mr. R. Singh, Head of the Department of Chemistry, Cambridge High School, Pune, you had
placed an order with Messrs. Scientific Equipments, Dadar, Mumbai for test tubes and jar for the lab.
When the parcel was received you observed that markings on the test tubes were not clear and
some of the jars were damaged. Write a letter of complaint seeking immediate replacement.
5. You are the Manager of Fitness Club of Gandhi Road, Ernakulam. Write a letter to Messrs. Pioneer
Sports Co, Kochi, placing an order for a minimum of 4 fitness equipments with details.
6. You are Rama/Raman, a member of Parent-Teacher Association of Little Valley Senior Secondary
School, Shillong. Write a letter to the Principal of the school asking him to introduce vocational
stream in the school providing facility of teaching such subjects as computers, insurance etc. so that
the students may not needlessly continue academic studies.
7. Write a letter to the Corporation authorities of South Chennai to complain about the general
unsustainable growth of building activities in South Chennai with poor parking and other civic
amenities to support it. Urge them to plan with a long-term view.
8. The photocopier of your office which was purchased recently has a problem with the toner
settings. It is still in the guarantee period. As Purchase Manager of Talent Search, 15th Cross, J.P.
Nagar, Mysore, write to the manufacturer seeking replacement of the defective part.
9. Write a letter to the librarian of the District Library in your town asking for details regarding
membership. Also ask about the timings and rules and regulations of the library.
10. You are Apoorva/Asha, Industrial colony, Ambattur, Chennai. You came across an advertisement
for the post of Senior Executive, Accounts in Solace Medical Equipments, Chennai unit. Write a letter
to the advertiser applying for the job. Also give your detailed resume.
11. You are Jolly of Class XII. You are interested in pursuing a course in visual communication. You
have seen an advertisement issued by National Institute of Communication, Pune, offering courses
in Media and Communication .Write a letter to the Director seeking information about their courses,
free structure, placement opportunities etc.
66
67
Tips for writing Article and Speech
SELECTION OF TOPIC
↓
COLLECTION OF WORDS
↓
PREPARATION OF SENTENCES
(Two sentences on every word)
→
(Elimination of unwanted material)
↓
ORGANISING SENTENCES (As per growth of theme)
↓
USE OF INTERCONNECTING SENTENCES
↓
EDITTING
↓
READING/RE-READING
68
WRITING A SPEECH
A SPEECH is a formal talk that a person delivers to an audience. Please Note:
 A speech begins with a formal address to the chief guest, fellow speakers and
audience.
 More conversational in tone. Pause questions, use interactive expressions like I think,
you will agree with me, Don‘t you think that , I am sure that you will have the same
notion, Does any one has the opinion that etc.
 Begins with brief, catchy introduction- supported by an anecdote, quotation, striking
statistical data or a thought provoking question. It decides the fate of the speech.
 Introduce your topic to the audience clearly.
 Include adequate supporting data to make it credible and interesting
 Have clear idea about the purpose of the speech and the target audience.
 Originality of ideas, powerful language, humour and repetitions are allowed, only to
emphasize or focus the listener‘s attention.
 Similar to introduction, conclusion should be brief , catchy and striking
 The written speech should consist of short sentences having not more than 10 to
12 words in a sentence.
 No title to be given for the speech.
 Avoid abstract phrases. Use simple and familiar language.
The effects, such as raising one‘s voice, giving stress to certain words, pausing for a
short time etc. can be represented in a written speech by using such techniques as
increasing the size of the letters of the sentence to be stressed, or using all capitals for
a particular word to be emphasized, leaving a few dots (….) after a question to
indicate a pause.
 Marking scheme is the same as for the article.
 Say/Write ‗Thank you‘ at the end of your speech.
Some samples:
1. You are a student volunteer of National Literacy Mission (NLM) wing of your school
involved in the Adult Literacy Campaign: ―Each one, Teach One‖. Write out the
speech you would be delivering at each place of your visit. Do not exceed 200 words.
Dear Friends
Good morning to you all
We all have assembled here for a noble cause—a mission to eradicate illiteracy. It is the
dream of the National Literacy Mission to educate all the Indians. We would work together
for an India where EACH PERSON IS LITERATE. Most of the learners are adults who have
a rich experience of life. Therefore, the learning strategies that will be adopted in our
programme will be exploratory and interactive. We have to teach as well as learn. We must
keep in mind certain important factors……… their experience, wisdom and maturity while
discussing any topic. We should encourage them to talk and express their views in a frank
and fair manner.
We should always keep in mind the OBJECTIVES set for the adult illiterates. We have to
make
them literates. Inculcate in them a love for reading, writing and arithmetic. Let them do
simple calculations and exult at the right calculations. Health awareness and job related
69
problems are the next in order. IT IS ONLY AFTER A STRONG BRIDGE OF
CONFIDENCE IS BUILT
that we would be able to create in them awareness about civil rights, duties, privileges and
obligations. When they become confident of their powers, we must create in them social
awareness. Issues like environmental pollution, population control and employment
generation can then be discussed…..In short let‘s all resolve to make sincere efforts to
achieve these goals.
Thank you.
Questions for practice:
Q.1.-Water is very precious. Some scientists even go to the extent of saying that the Third
World
War may be fought on the issue of water. Write a speech in 150-200 words expressing your
views to be delivered in the morning assembly in your school.
Q.2.-―To use the latest technology the right way, is in the hands of the youth today.‖ Write a
speech 150-200 words discouraging the misuse of technological products like cell phones,
computers etc and highlighting the need to use them to promote harmony and goodwill in the
society.
Q.3.-―Our Good Earth‖, an environmental awareness magazine has launched a marathon
'Clean
Your City‘ campaign. As an active participant write a speech to be read out in the morning
assembly urging students to participate in the campaign in 150-200 words.
Q.4.-As a concerned citizen, you are worried about the harmful effects of the insanitary
conditions in your town. Write a short speech on the necessity of sanitation, to be given at the
morning assembly in your school.
ARTICLE WRITING
Writing an article is an art. The dictionary defines an article as a piece of writing about a
particular subject in a newspaper or magazine. An article is an expression of one‘s thought on
an issue or a subject logically and coherently written in meaningful paragraphs.
POINTS TO REMEMBER
 Give a title that catches the attention of the reader.
 Begin with a striking opening sentence which addresses the readers and gets
them interested in the topic.
 Present a strong argument for your ideas supporting it with evidences or
elaboration.
 Use linking devices (however, therefore, although, even though, in order to…)
to make the composition appear a whole.
 Introduce a new point at the beginning of an each paragraph that follows, to
strengthen your ideas.
 Develop your ideas as much as you can to make them interesting and
substantial.
 Conclude with your strongest point.
 Use passive voice, humor, emotive language, rhetorical questions to provide a
specific effect.
70
FORMAT OF AN ARTICLE
TITLE/HEADING : Eye-catching , illustrating the Central Themes
BY LINE : Writer‘s Name under the title towards the right
from the centre
INTRODUCTION : A comprehensive introduction touching upon on the
plus and minus of the topic.
Establish the context
Put the topic in perspective
Draw readers‘ attention. Specify and delimit your topic
Put a rhetoric question or give some startling facts,
statistics or quotation
Content: Spell out the various aspects to the topic-merits,
EXPOSITION OF THE: demerits , causes, consequences, effects,
TOPIC advantages, disadvantages
WINDING UP : Give your opinion, comments, criticism,
recommendations, call for an action
CONCLUSION : Conclude with a hope, a warning, an appeal or a
call for the action
Split up of marks: Total marks: 10
Format (title + writer‘s name) : 1mark
Content :(logical organization, relevance): 4 marks(Credit should be given for
the candidate‘s creativity in presenting her/her own ideas)
Expression: 5
Accuracy: Grammatical, appropriate words & spelling : 2½
Fluency : Coherence and relevance of ideas and style : 2 ½
SAMPLE ARTICLE
You are Vikranth / Vinitha, a freelance writer much concerned about the discriminatory
treatment of women in the Indian society. Write an article in 150 – 200 words throwing light
on
this problem and giving suggestions for putting an end to it. (10 marks)
DISCRIMINATION AGAINST HALF OF HUMANITY
By: Vikrant
It is a pity that in a country where women are said to be worshipped, there is a widespread
discrimination against them even before they are born and injustice is meted out to them in
such a male chauvinistic world in very many degrees.
Certain brutal practices like the female feticide throw light on our attitude. The girl child is
considered to be a liability and doesn‘t enjoy the privileges of a boy. She is denied the
advantage of proper education. The dowry system haunts parents and the harassment she is
subjected to at the in-laws often force her to commit suicide. Even in enlightened homes,
woman has to live her life under surveillance, if not in strict ‗purdah‘. Working women are
71
physically and verbally abused, denied opportunities of growth and subjected to
discrimination.
The social evils like dowry system, honour- killing, human trafficking, societal dogmas etc.
take great toll on women, be it daughter, mother, sister , wife, grandmother….
Education and economic independence only can empower women to fight for their rights. It
is also the responsibility of the educated society to work for the cause of women. Proper law
making and execution, spreading awareness, exemplary punishment for the predators etc.
surely will bring positive changes. Let she not be worshipped but let her live a wholesome
life.
Let us live, let her live and let us help her live a better life in a civilized, developed society.
QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE
1. Write an article in about 200 words for your school magazine on ‗Films and their influence
on school-going children‘. You are Manpreeth / Manjula, a student of class XII.
2. You are Rohit / Kamal. You attended a seminar on Yoga, a way of life. Write an article in
about 150 – 200 words on the contribution of yoga in leading a healthy and peaceful life.
3. In today‘s world, letter-writing has lost its charm. People and the youth in particular rely
more on mobiles and computers to communicate. Write an article on the present trend in
about 150 to 200 words. You are Kiran / Karthik.
4. Recently you visited your ancestral home in a village in Gujarat. You were elated and
strongly felt the necessity to hold on to the roots of our modern life, which lie in our villages.
Write an article for your school magazine. You are Chetna / Chirag, Cultural Secretary of
your school.
5. With rising number of people in almost all the big cities of the country, the rate of crime
has also increased proportionately. The police needs to be trained in new methodology of
combating the crime besides changing the mindset. Write an article in 150 – 200 words on
the role of police in maintaining law and order in the metropolitan cities. You are Ravi/
Ravina.
6. The invention of mobile phone h it can be a blessing but if misused it can prove to be a
curse. Write an article in about 150 – 200 words on this invention. You are Karthik /
Karishma.
7. Presently the prices of essential commodities are skyrocketing causing much hardship to
the common man. Write an article in 150 -200 words expressing your views and suggesting
measures to curb this problem.
8. It is really a Do or Die struggle when we talk about environmental concerns. As an active
member of the Green Club of your school write an article in about 150 – 200 words on your
concerns and the need for change in our attitude and practices.
9. Computer and video games have become popular with children today. Outdoor games
seem to have no place in their life anymore. You are Sakthi/ Sathish. You enjoyed playing
hiden- seek with your cousins in a small town. You found it so refreshing that you decide to
write an article on the joys of playing outdoor games for the school magazine. Write it in
about 200 words.
72
10. Children between 13 and 19 years of age are neither too young nor too mature. Today
these children feel that the pressures of the competitive world they live in have made their
lives less exciting.
11. India is standing at the threshold of joining the developed nations but that is not possible
till we achieve complete literacy in the country. The contribution of students may be very
significant in achieving our goals. Write in 150-200 words on ‗The Role of the Students in
Removing Illiteracy.‘ Write an article in 150-200 words expressing your views. You are
Manish
73
74
Poem-1 :
My Mother at Sixty Six
By: Kamala Das
THEME:
The poem 'My Mother at Sixty Six' focuses upon the theme of advancing age and the fear of
separation. The poet while going to the Cochin airport is suddenly struck by an idea that her
mother has grown old and she may soon meet her end. Sitting beside the poet in the car, she
looks pale, shrunken and stiff like a corpse. Her face has lost every gleam and looks ashen and dull as
like late winter's moon and the green trees racing past with the speeding car present a fine
contrast between her ageing mother quite at the verge of death and active movement of young
trees full of vigour and vitality. The joyous children playing out side also provide the poet the respite
from her thoughts of old age and parting as they are representatives of youth, energy and life. The
merry children spilling out of their homes also take the poet back to her mother's idyllic youth when
her mother too was young and energetic. After the airport's security check up at Cochin, the poet
again looks at her mother and seems to be quite apprehensive but bids goodbye saying 'see you
soon, Amma', with force and fake smile on her face. The poet here tries to remove the fear of death
from her mother's mind and overcome and hide her own real feelings. Actually her own heart is
filled with ache. This ache has been quite familiar to her since her childhood. The worsening
condition of her mother reminds the poet of her own fate which will not be in any way different. She
will also decay and die one day.
LITERARY DEVICE-
SIMILE-
(i) Her face was ashen that like of a corpse.
(ii) I looked again at her, wan pale as a late winter's moon.
Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow:1. Driving from my parent’s
home to Cochin last Friday
morning, I saw my mother,
beside me,
doze, open mouthed her face
ashen like that
of a corpse and realised with
pain
that she thought away,.......
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(i) Where was the poet going? Who was with her?
(II) What did the poet realise about her mother?
(iii) Name the figure of speech used in the stanza.
2- ......................but soon
put that thought away, and
looked out at young
trees sprinting, the merry children spilling
out of their homes.
(i) Why did the poet look outside?
(ii) What did she notice outside?
(iii) What do ‘ young sprinting trees’ signify?
(iv) What are ‘the merry children spilling out of their homes’ symbolic of?
3- .............but after the airport's
security check up, standing a few yards
away, I looked again at her, wan
pale
as late winter's moon and felt that
old
familiar ache, my childhood's fear.
(i) What did the poet do after the security check up?
(ii) What comparison does the poet make in the lines?
(iii) What was the poet’s childhood fear?
4- . . but all I said was, see you soon,
Amma,
all I did was smile and smile and
smile............
(i) What do the parting words of the poet signify?
(ii) What does the repeated use of the word 'smile' indicate?
(iii) Name the poem and the poet.
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS - 02 MARKS EACH (WORD LIMIT: 30-40 WORDS)
1- What does the poet observe about her mother in the car?
2- How does the poet try to overcome the fear of her mother's death?
3- Why are the young trees described as 'sprinting'?
4- Why has the poet brought the image of the merry children?
5- What has the mother been compared to and why?
6- What do the parting words of the poetess signify?
7- How does the poete bring the contrast between what she watches inside the car and
what she looks outside?
8- What is the childhood fear of the poetess?
9- Describe the poetic devices used by the poet in the poem 'My Mother at Sixty Six'.
10- What does the poet want to convey through this poem?
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11- What does the poet’s smile signify?
IMPORTANT PHRASES/LINES FOR EXPLANATION IN 30-40 WORDS EACH.
1- 'I saw my mother, beside me, doze, open mouthed, her face ashen like that of a corpse'.
2- 'Young trees sprinting, the merry children spilling out of their homes'.
3- 'I looked again at her, wan, pale as a late winter's moon'.
4- 'Felt that old familiar ache, my childhood's fear’.
5- ‘See you soon, Amma’.
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Poem- 2: An
Elementary School Classroom in a Slum
By: Stephen Spender
THEME:
: Stephen Spender in 'An Elementary School Classroom in a Slum' focuses upon social injustice and
class inequalities. He describes the dismal and sad picture of the school classroom in a slum. The
children of these schools are the deprived and impoverished. They have no hope of escaping their
world. They appear like rootless weeds and reflect gnarled diseases which they have inherited from
their parents. They get a glimpse of a charming world outside but the world they live in is a narrow
street, inimical and full of uncertainty. The portrait of Shakespeare and the map on the wall showing
the beautiful buildings with high domes, the rivers, the valleys and the mountains instead of inciting
them, tempt them to steal. The poet hopes that the people like teachers, inspectors, visitors and the
governors will tear down the barriers that come in the way of giving these slum children a
meaningful education. They will try to improve the lot of these children and unshackle them from
their bonds of grinding poverty and make them integral part of the powerful world abounding in
nature's bounties and beautiful world of the rich.
LITERARY DEVICESIMILE-
. (i) 'like rootless weeds'.
(ii) 'like bottle bits on stones'.
(iii) 'like catacombs'.
(iv) 'slums as big as dooms'
METAPHOR(i) 'rat's eyes'.
(ii) 'father's gnarled disease'.
(iii) 'squirrel's game'.
(iv) 'future's painted with fog'.
(v) 'spectacles of steel'.
Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow:- (Any three questions from
each stanza)
1-
Far far from gusty waves these children's faces,
Like rootless weeds, the hair torn round their pallor,
The tall girl with her weighed down head. The paper
seeming boy, with rat's eyes.
i) Why does the poet refer to the children as 'far far from gusty waves'?
(ii) How do the children studying in a slum look like?
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(iii) Explain: 'The tall girl with her weighed down head'.
(iv) Why are the eyes of paper seeming boy described as 'rat's eyes'?
(v) Name the poem and the poet.
2-
The stunted unlucky heir
Of twisted bones reciting a father's gnarled disease,
His lesson from his desk. At the back of the dim class
One unnoted sweet and young. His eyes live in a dream
Of squirrel’s game, in tree room, other than this.
(i) Who is the unlucky heir and why?
(ii) What is the lesson of stunted unlucky heir from his desk?
(iii) Describe the behaviour of the child sitting at the back of the classroom?
(iv) What is the dream of that unnoted, sweet young boy?
(v) What does the phrase 'other than this' mean in the last line?
3-
On sour cream walls, donations , Shakespeare’s head ,
Cloudless at dawn, civilized dome riding all cities.
Belled, flowery, Tyrolese valleys. Open-handed map
Awarding the world its world.
(i) How does the colour of the wall match with the life of slum children?
(ii) How do the different donations and Shakespeare’s head hanging on the walls
affect these children?
(iii) Explain the line: ‘Cloudless at dawn civilized dome riding all cities’.
(iv) What does the phrase ‘Open handed map awarding the world its world’ refer to?
4- And yet, for these
Children, these windows, not this map, their world
Where all their future’s painted with a fog,
A narrow street sealed in with lead sky
Far far from rivers, capes and stars of the word.
(i) Describe the world of the slum children as mentioned in the above stanza.
(ii) What does the poet mean by ‘these windows, not this map their world’?
(iii) What does the poet say about the present and future of these children?
(iv) What do the slum children yearn for?
5- Surely, Shakespeare is wicked, the map a bad example,
With ships and sun and love tempting them to steal—
For lives that slyly turn in their cramped holes
From fog to endless night?
(i) Why is Shakespeare ‘wicked’ and the map ‘a bad example’?
(ii) What kind of life do the slum children live?
(iii) Explain: ‘From fog to endless night’.
(iv) What are the slum children tempted to?
(v) Name the poem and the poet.
6- On their slag heap, these children
Wear skins peeped through by bones and spectacles of steel
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With mended glass, like bottle bits on stones.
All their time and space are foggy slum.
So blot their maps with slums as big as doom.
(i) Who are the children referred in the first line?
(ii) Give any two phrases which reveal their extreme poverty.
(iii) Name the figure of speech used in the third line.
(iv) What does the poet say about the time and space of the slum children?
7- Break O break open till they break the town
And show the children to green fields and make their world
Run azure on gold sands, and let their tongues
Run naked into books the white and green leaves open
History theirs whose language is the sun.
(i) What does the poet suggest and to whom?
(ii) How does the poet want to expand the world of these children?
(iii) Explain: ‘And let their tongues run naked in books’.
(iv) Who create the history?
PRACTICE QUESTIONS -02 MARKS EACH [ WORD LIMIT: 30-40 WORDS]
1- How does the poet portray the life of slum children?
2- What is ironical about the donations displayed on the classroom walls?
3- What does the poet want for the children of the slum? How can their lives be made to change?
4- How do the beautiful donations decorated on the walls of the classroom contrast with the
world of these children?
5- What are the two different worlds depicted in the poem?
6- What does the poet expect from the powerful persons in favour of the slum children?
7- Why is Shakespeare described as ‘wicked’ and the map ‘a bad example’?
8- What does the world of slum children consist of?
9- The poem ‘An Elementary School Classroom in a Slum’ is about social injustice. Comment.
10- Name any four images and symbols used in the poem.
11- What is the poet’s message in this poem?
IMPORTANT PHRASES/ LINES FOR EXPLATION IN 30-40 WORDS EACH.
1- ‘Far far from gusty waves’.
2- ‘These children’s faces. Like rootless weeds’.
3-‘The tall girl with weighed down head’.
4- ‘The paper seeming boy, with rat’s eyes’.
5- ‘ His eyes live in dream of squirrel’s game’.
6- ‘Open handed maps awarding the world its world’.
7-‘Where all their future’s painted with fog’.
8-Surely, Shakespeare is wicked and the map a bad example’.
9-‘ So blot their maps with slums as big as dooms’.
10- ‘History theirs whose language is the sun’.
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Poem -3 :
Keeping Quiet
By: Pablo Neruda
THEME:
In this poem ‘Keeping Quiet’ the poet appeals for the world peace and necessity of quiet
introspection which may create a feeling of mutual understanding among human beings. Man’s
actions, his rush and hurry have already caused much chaos and trouble in this world. Now it is the
time when we all should take a pause and do self-introspection. Human beings now a days are so
much absorbed in themselves that they have no time to analyse the consequences of their actions.
We live in the world of machines and all around us is ear-rending noise and pollution. Modern world
has got transformed into the world of oppressors and oppressed. Wars are being fought recklessly.
There is extinction of forests and forest life. There is violence and agitation everywhere. There is a
great demand of amity, brotherhood and complete harmony between human beings themselves
and between man and nature. This will be possible only if we all stop our physical activities for a
short while. This will provide our rushing mind a chance to introspect and analyse our deeds. The
poet does not advocate total inactivity or death. He appeals to behave like nature. We can learn a
lesson from the earth, which appears to be lifeless in winter when it is blanketed by the snow but
the same earth appears full of life after sometime when the spring comes.
Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow:- (Any three questions from
each stanza)
1- For once on the face of the Earth
let’s not speak in any language,
let’s stop for one second,
and not move our arms so much.
(i) What will happen if no language is spoken for a second?
(ii) What does the poet mean by ‘one second’?
(iii) Why does the poet not want us to move our arms so much?
2- It will be an exotic moment
without rush , without engines,
we would all be together
in a sudden strangeness.
(i) What is the exotic moment referred here?
(ii) What is the advantage of exotic moment?
(iii) Explain: ‘In a sudden strangeness’.
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3-
Fishermen in the cold sea
would not harm whales
and the man gathering salt
would look at his hurt hands.
(i) Why is the poet referring to the whales?
(ii) Explain: ‘Look at his hurt hands’.
(iii) What kind of violence is the poet talking about?
(iv) There is a shift of focus in this stanza. What is it?
4- Those who prepare green wars,
wars with gas, wars with fire,
victory with no survivors,
would put on clean clothes
and walk about with their
brothers
in the shade, doing nothing.
(i) Who prepares for green wars?
(ii) Why does the poet say, ’victory with no survivors’?
(iii)What would the war mongers do during the quiet moment?
(iv) what is the metaphor of ‘clean clothes’?
5- What I want should not be
confused
with total inactivity.
Life is what it is about;
I want no truck with death.
(i) What does the poet want?
(ii) What is the life about?
(iii) Explain: ‘I want no truck with death’.
6- If we were not so single-minded
about keeping our lives moving,
and for once could do nothing,
perhaps a huge silence
might interrupt this sadness
of never understanding ourselves
and of threatening ourselves with
death.
(i) How do you think the huge silence will interrupt this sadness?
(ii) What is the ‘sadness’ that the poet refers to?
(iii) How do our hectic activities affect our relations?
(iv) Name the poem and the poet.
7- Perhaps the Earth can teach us
as when everything seems dead
and later proves to be alive.
(i) What can the earth teach us?
(ii) When does everything on the earth appear dead?
(iii) What makes the earth full of life later?
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PRACTICE QUESTIONS – 02 MARKS EACH [WORD LIMIT: 30-40 WORDS]
1- What will counting up to twelve and keeping still help us to achieve?
2- What is the sadness referred in the poem?
3- What symbol of nature does the poet invoke to say that there can be life under apparent
stillness?
4- What can the Earth teach us?
5- What does the poet address the fishermen and the man gathering salt?
6- Why is the poet not in favour of speaking any language and moving our arms?
7- What are the different types of wars referred in the poem?
8- Justify the title ‘Keeping Quiet’.
9- How can the sadness of human beings be interrupted?
IMPORTANT PHRASES/LINES FOR EXPLANATION IN 30-40 WORDS EACH
1- ‘It would be an exotic moment’.
2-‘ In a sudden strangeness’.
3- ‘Victory with no survivors’
4- ‘What I want should not be confused with total inactivity?’
5- ‘I want no truck with death’.
6- ‘Perhaps the Earth can teach us’.
83
Poem- 04:
A Thing Of Beauty
By: John Keats
THEME:In this poem, the poet discusses about the beauty’s effect on the soul: ‘A thing of beauty is a joy
for- ever’. The beautiful things counteracts the depression caused by life’s dark and gloomy aspect.
Keats in this poem cites the examples of beauty from the nature such as the sun, the moon, trees
and from art-legends and stories. The objects of beauty make an everlasting impression on us and
give us joy even when they are not present before our eyes. The joy that we gain from beauty never
passes into nothingness, but increases whenever we remember them. Actually, beauty haunts us till
they become cheering light unto our souls. There is so much beauty all around us. Nature is an
infinite sphere of which the centre is everywhere and the circumference nowhere. Those who
contemplate the beauty of the earth find reserves of strength that will endure as long as life lasts. As
the beauty has the power to overcome sufferings and pain caused by man and nature, human beings
always aspire for a thing of beauty.
Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow:-
1- A thing of beauty is a joy forever
Its loveliness increases, it will never
Pass into nothingness; but will keep
A bower quiet for us, and a sleep
Full of sweet dreams, and health, and quiet breathing.
Therefore, on every morrow, are we wreathing
A flowery band to bind us to the earth.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
How is a thing of beauty a joy forever?
What is a bower? How does it rejoice us?
Explain: ‘Therefore, on every morrow, are we wreathing a flowery band’.
Find the words from the from the stanza which mean(a) a shady place (b) of no value
2- Spite of despondence, of the inhuman dearth
Of noble natures, of the gloomy days,
Of all the unhealthy and o’er-darkened ways
Made for our searching: yes, in spite of all,
Some shape of beauty moves away the pall
From our dark spirits.
(i) Name the things which make the human beings sad.
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(ii) Explain: ’o’er-darkened ways made for our searching’.
(iii) How is the pall from our dark spirit removed?
3- Such the sun, the moon,
Trees old, and young, sprouting a shady boon
For simple sheep: and such are daffodils
With the green world they live in; and clear rills
That for themselves a cooling covert make
‘Gainst the hot season; the mid forest brake,
Rich with a sprinkling of fair musk-rose blooms.
(i) What examples does the poet give for ‘some shape of beauty’?
(ii) Where do the daffodils bloom?
(iii) What is fascinating in clear rills?
(iv) Explain: ‘a sprinkling of fair musk-rose’.
4- And such too is the grandeur of the dooms
We have imagined for the mighty dead;
All lovely tales that we have heard or read;
An endless fountain of immortal drink,
Pouring unto us from the heaven’s brink.
(i) Explain: ‘And such too is the grandeur of the dooms’.
(ii) How does the poet describe the beautiful bounty of the earth?
(iii) What is the source of ‘the endless fountain of immortal drink’?
(iv) How does the ‘immortal drink’ affect us?
PRACTICE QUESTIONS – 02 MARKS EACH [WORD LIMIT- 30-40 WORDS]
1- What are the beautiful things mentioned in the poem?
2- Give any four examples as given in the poem that cause sufferings and pain.
3- What does the line, ‘Therefore, on every morrow, are we wreathing a flowery band’ suggest
to you?
4- Why is ‘grandeur’ associated with ‘mighty dead’?
5- How is the ‘beauty’ associated with ‘bower’ and ‘sheep’?
6- What makes human beings love life in spite of troubles and sufferings?
7- What is the importance of beautiful things in our life?
8- What does the poet want to convey in this poem?
IMPORTANT PHRASES/LINES FOR EXPLANATION IN 30-40 WORDS EACH
1- ‘A thing of beauty is a joy forever’.
2- ‘Therefore, on every morrow, are we wreathing a flowery band’.
3- ‘Some shape of beauty moves away the pall from our dark spirits’.
4- ‘And such too is the grandeur of dooms’.
5- ‘An endless fountain of immortal drink’
85
Poem- 05.
Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers
By: Adrienne Rich
THEME:In this poem, the poet has revealed the pounding hardships and ordeals of Aunt Jennifer’s married
life. She is oppressed and victimized by her husband’s dominating nature. She is weak, timid and
nervous. She feels the massive weight of her husband’s wedding band (ring). She has no courage to
stand against her husband’s dictating and commanding attitude. The timid Aunt also expresses her
longings to be brave and unafraid. She creates the tigers in panel by her own hands. They appear to
prance and jump over the screen proudly and fearlessly. The tigers symbolise the freedom of spirit
which Aunt Jennifer aspires in her life.
Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow. (Any three questions from each
stanza)
1—Aunt Jennifer’s tigers prance across a screen,
Bright topaz denizens of a world of green.
They do not fear the men beneath the tree;
They pace in sleek chivalric certainty.
(i) Are the tigers real? How is Aunt Jennifer’s personality in contrast with the tigers?
(ii) How do the tigers look like?
(iii) Explain: ‘Bright topaz denizens of a world of green’.
(iv What characteristics of tigers do you notice in the stanza?
2- Aunt Jennifer’s fingers fluttering through her wool
Find even the ivory needle hard to pull.
The massive weight of Uncle’s wedding band
Sits heavily upon Aunt Jennifer’s hand.
(i) Why were Aunt Jennifer’s fingers fluttering?
(ii) What is the significance of the word ‘even’ in the second line?
(iii) Explain: ‘ The massive weight of Uncle’s wedding band’.
(iv) What kind of married life did Aunt Jennifer live?
3- When Aunt is dad, her terrified hands will lie
Still ringed with ordeals she was mastered by.
The tigers in the panel that she made
Will go on prancing, proud and unafraid.
(i)Why are her hands called ‘terrified’?
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(ii) What does the second line indicate about Aunt Jennifer’s married life?
(iii) What will happen to Aunt’s tigers after her death?
PRACTICE QUESTIIONS OF 02 MARKS EACH [WORD LIMIT: 30-40 WORDS]
1- How does the poet describe Ant Jennifer’s tigers?
2- How do ‘denizens’ and ‘chivalric’ help you to understand about the tigers’ attitude?
3- Why do you think Aunt Jennifer’s fingers are fluttering through her wool?
4- What are the ‘ordeals’ Aunt Jennifer is surrounded by?
5- Why did Aunt Jennifer create tigers that are so different from her character?
6- Was the married life a pleasant experience to Aunt Jennifer?
7- What is the poet’s message in this poem?
8- Describe the poetic devices used in the poem?
IMPORTANT PHRASES/LINES FOR EXPLANATION IN 30-40 WORDS EACH1- ‘Aunt Jennifer’s tigers prance across a screen’.
2- ‘They pace in sleek chivalric certainty’.
3- ‘The massive weight of Uncle’s wedding band’.
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PRACTICE PAPER NO. 1
Q.07- Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
07 marks
03
They do not fear men beneath the tree;
The pace in sleek chivalric certainty.
i) Are Aunt Jennifer’s tigers real? Give a reason.
ii) Why do the tigers not fear the men beneath the tree?
iii) What do you mean by ’chivalric certainty?
(1)
(1)
(1)
OR
A thing of beauty is a joy forever
Its loveliness increases, it will never
Pass into nothingness; but will keep
A bower quiet for us.
i) ‘A thing of beauty is a joy forever’. Explain.
ii) What does the poet mean by ‘ a bower quiet for us’?
iii) Why does a beautiful thing ‘never pass into nothingness’?
Q. 08- Answer any two of the following in 30-40 words each:(i) What is the significance of the parting words of the poet and her smile in ‘My
Mother at Sixty-six’?
(ii) Why does Stephen Spender call Shakespeare ‘wicked’ and map ‘a bad example’?
(iii) According to Pablo Neruda, what is that human beings can learn from Nature?
PRACTICE PAPER NO. 02
Q.07- Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
(1)
(1)
(1)
2x2= 4
(2)
(2)
(2)
07 marks
03
…………but soon
put that thought away, and
looked out at young
trees sprinting, the merry children spilling
out of their homes.
i) Who looked out at young trees and why?
ii) Which thought did she put away?
iii) What do ‘young sprinting trees signify?
(1)
(1)
(1)
OR
Perhaps the Earth can teach us
as when everything seems dead
and later proves to be alive.
Now I’ll count up to twelve
88
and you keep quiet and I will go.
i) What does the Earth teach us?
ii) Why does the poet count up to twelve?
iii) What will keeping quiet help us achieve?
(1)
(1)
(1)
Q.08- Answer any two of the following questions in 30-40 words each. 2x2= 04
(i) What makes human beings love life in spite of troubles and sufferings?
(A Thing of Beauty)
(ii) What does the poet want for the children of slums?
(iii) How are Aunt Jennifer’s tigers different from her own character?
PRACTICE PAPER NO. 3
(2)
(2)
(2)
07 Marks
Q.0 7. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
03
......standing a few yards
away, I looked again at her, wan,
pale
as late winter’s moon and felt that
old
familiar ache.
i) Where was the poetess standing?
ii) Why does she find her mother’s face wan, pale?
iii) What is her old familiar ache?
(1)
(1)
(1)
OR
…On their slag heap,these children
Wear skins peeped through by bones and spectacles of steel
With mended glass, like bottle bits on stones.
i) Whom does the poet locate on the slag heap?
ii)What does the poet say to prove these children’s poor physical health?
iii) Name the figure of speech used in the last line of the stanza.
Q.08- Answer any two of the following questions in 30-40 words each.
(i) What according to the poet can the earth teach us?
(ii) Why is ‘grandeur’ associated with ‘mighty dead’?
(iii) What kind of life does Aunt Jennifer wish to live?
PRACTICE PAPER NO. 4
Q.07.Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.
(1)
(1)
(1)
2x2= 4
(2)
(2)
(2)
07 Marks
03
……… And yet, for these
89
Children, these windows, not this map, their world,
Where all their future’s painted with fog.
I) Who are the children referred in the poem.
ii) What does the poet say about the world of these children?
iii) Explain: Where all their future’s painted with fog?
(1)
(1)
(1)
OR
What I want should not be
confused
with total inactivity.
Life is what it is about;
I want no truck with death.
i) What does the poet to clarify?
ii) How is total inactivity different from poet appeal?
iii) What is the true meaning of life?
(1)
(1)
(1)
Q.08- Answer any two of the following questions in 30-40 words each.
2x2= 4
(i) What do the parting words of the poet and her smile signify?
(ii) What does the poet mean by ‘A thing of beauty is a joy forever’?
(iii) Why does Aunt Jennifer create tigers which are quite opposite to
her own character?
PRACTICE PAPER NO. 05
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.
(2)
(2)
(2)
07 Marks
03
The massive weight of Uncle’s wedding band
Sits heavily upon Aunt Jennifer’s hand.
(i) What does the poet convey through the line –‘The
massive weight of Uncle’ wedding band?
(ii) How is Aunt Jennifer’s nature different from her own husband?
(iii)Give the antonym of the word ‘heavily.
(1)
(1)
(1)
OR
… yes, in spite of all,
Some shape of beauty moves away the pall
From our dark spirits.
(i) What is referred by ‘in spite of all?
(1)
90
(ii) What is the effect of beauty over the dark spirits?
(iii) Give any two examples of beauty mentioned in the poem.
Q.. 08- Answer any two of the following questions in 30-40 words each.
(i) Why has the mother been compared to the ‘late winter’s moon’?
(ii) What does the poet want for slum children?
(iii) What is the ‘sadness’ that the poem refers to in the poem. (Keeping Quiet)
(1)
(1)
2x2= 4
(2)
(2)
(2)
91
92
THE LAST LESSON
By: Alphonse Daudet
MAIN THEME:
MAIN THEME:
The lesson talks about the pain that is inflicted on the people of a territory by its conquerors by
taking away the right to study or speak their own language. It also talks about student and teacher
attitudes to learning and teaching. The story is set in the days of the Franco-Prussian War in which
France was defeated by Prussia led by Bismarck. In this story the French districts of Alsace-Lorraine
have passed into Prussian hands. In the story, the writer has tried to demonstrate the impact of this
transition on the people through the eyes of a young boy, Franz, who is the protagonist of the story.
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS:
1.
2.
3.
4.
What was Franz expected to be prepared with for school that day?
What did Franz notice that was unusual about the school that day?
How did Franz’s feelings about M. Hamel and school change?
What changes did the order from Berlin bring about in the emotions of the citizens of Alsace
and Lorraine?
5. How did Mr Hamel become emotional and say farewell to his students and the people of the
town?
6. According to Mr Hamel who is to be blamed for neglect of learning on the part of boys like
Franz?
7. Franz thinks, “Will they make them sing in German, even the pigeons?” What, according to
you, did Franz mean by this?
8. “What a thunder clap these words were to me!” How did these words that shock and
surprise little Franz?
9. Why had the villagers come to school on the day of the last lesson?
10. What announcement did Mr Hamel make?” What was its impact on little Franz?
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)
1. The people in the story suddenly realize how precious their language is to them. What
shows you this? Why does this happen?
2. “when a people are enslaved, as long as they hold fast to their language it is as if they had
the key to their prison.”
3. Give a character sketch of Mr Hamel on the basis of your study of The Lesson.
4. The day of the last lesson was full of regret and sadness. Describe the events of the day in
the classroom in the light of the above remark.
5. ‘My children, this is the last lesson I shall give you.’ What was the impact of Ml Hamel’s
words on the assembled class and why
6. ‘it seemed almost as if the poor man wanted to give us all he knew before going away,and
to put it all into our heads in one stroke.’ Explain why Franz feels so.
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7. “Your parents were not anxious enough to have you learn. They preferred to put your to
work on a farm or at the mills, so as to have little more money.” How do these words of Mr
Hamel in respect with the parents of the town reflect our attitude towards learning?
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LOST SPRING, STORIES OF STOLEN CHILDHOOD
ANEES JUNG
Anees Jung in this lesson talks about the plight of street children forced into labour early in life and
denied the opportunity of schooling. She also dwells upon the callousness of society and the political
class to the sufferings of the poor.
Major ideas/events
Survival in Seemapuri, a place devoid of sewage, drainage and other basic amenities on the
periphery of Delhi means rag picking. Saheb-e-Alam, a small boy of that area scrounges the garbage
dumps on the streets of Delhi for his daily wages. Later he works in a tea stall where he is no longer
his own master.He loves tennis. He could only watch others playing. All the rag pickers are
barefooted including the son of the temple priest. Now even the son of the priest wore shoes but
not the rag pickers.
Mukesh hails from Firozabad, famous Survival in Seemapuri, a place devoid of sewage, drainage and
other basic amenities on the periphery of Delhi means rag picking. Saheb-e-Alam, a small boy of that
area scrounges the garbage dumps on the streets of Delhi for his daily wages. Later he works in a tea
stall where he is no longer his own master.He loves tennis. He could only watch others playing. All
the rag pickers are barefooted including the son of the temple priest. Now even the son of the priest
wore shoes but not the rag pickers.
Mukesh hails from Firozabad, famous for its bangles. He assists his parents in bangle making. He
wants to be his own master by becoming a motor mechanic. The ladies still follow the purdha
system.
Savita, a young girl solders pieces of glass. Without even knowing its hidden symbolism.
All these downtrodden people are not able to organize themselves into a cooperative, for police, the
keepers of law, the bureaucrats and the politicians harass them.
They suffer in utter poverty devoid of even the basic necessities of food, cloth and shelter.
Character/ places/ any other relevant points
Saheb-e-Alam :Innocent-rag picker, later works in a tea stall-poverty stricken-deprived of childhood-loves tennisexploited by the society.
Mukesh:-
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Assists in bangle making-loves freedom-wants to be his own master-ambition to become a motor
mechanic-subdued by poverty and tradition-friendly&sociable.
Savita:Wife of Mukesh’s elder brother, an impoverished bangle maker-Frail young woman-commands
respect as daughter-in-law –follows traditional customs-responsible and highly cooperative
Seemapuri:A place in the periphery of Delhi yet away from it metaphorically- a slum- inhabited by squatters
from Bangladesh- a wilderness-devoid of basic amenities.
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. What was Saheb’s full name? Was it a suitable name for him? Why? Why not?
2. ‘I wonder if this is only an excuse to explain away a perpetual state of poverty’. In what
context does the author make this remark?
3. ‘Seemapuri is on the periphery of Delhi yet miles away from it metaphorically’. Explain what
the author means by this?
4. ‘Together they have imposed the baggage on the child that he cannot put down’. Who do
‘they’ refer to? What is the ‘baggage’ and why can the child not get rid of it?
5. ‘When I sense flash of it in Mukesh I am cheered.’ What is this reference to and why does it
gladden the writer’s heart?
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Why did the people of Bangladesh migrate to Seemapuri?
Why was Saheb not able to go to school?
What does Saheb -e- Alam represent? Does Saheb know the meaning of his name?
What exactly the author wants to convey through the story of a man from Udipi?
Though the rag pickers have ration cards, they have no identity. Why?
Garbage has a meaning different from what it means to their parents. What is it?
For Saheb, a dream comes true and something is out of his reach. What are they?
Does Saheb like his job in the tea stall? How do you know?
What is Mukesh’s ambition? What is the reason behind this?
How did Mukesh’s grandfather become blind?
Why don’t the bangle makers of Ferozabad organize themselves into a cooperative?
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS:
1. What are some of the reasons for the migration of people from villages to cities?
2. Do agree that the promises made to poor children are rarely kept? Why do you think this
happens the incidents narrated in the text?
3. What forces conspire to keep the workers in the bangle industry of Firozabad in poverty?
4. Do agree that Lost Spring explains the grinding poverty and traditions that condemn
thousands of people to a life of abject poverty. Do you agree? Why/why not?
5. ‘Saheb is no longer his own master. Mukesh insists on being his own master’. What does this
reflect on the personalities of Saheb and Mukesh? How?
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6. “ Years of mind numbing toil have killed all initiative and the ability to dream.” How does this
reflect the plight of the people of Freozabad?
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Enumerate the paradoxes in the story and explain them.
Describe Seemapuri and its people.
Write the character sketch of Saheb.
Draw a pen picture of the life style in Ferozabad.
Justify the title ‘The Lost Spring’
“Vision without execution is just hallucination.”- Henry Ford
97
DEEP WATER
William Douglas
MAIN THEME:
William Douglas here narrates a real-life personal account of
experiencing fear and the steps taken to overcome it. The narrator also does a psychological analysis
of fear. He reveals in the lesson how he had feared it ever since he was three or four years of age
and how his father had taken him to a beach in California. He was terrified of the sheer force of the
waves that swept over the beach and knocked him down, leaving him breathless.
He decided to learn how to swim at the YMCA pool when he was ten or eleven years of age, and
though the sight of the water revived unpleasant memories, he was determined to overcome them
and learn to swim. But a big bruiser of a boy ducks him under water at the swimming pool that
shakes him completely and compounds his fear of water even further. He resolves to overcome it
and at last succeeds with his herculean effort.
Major ideas
*As a boy, Douglas wished to learn swimming
*He decided to learn it in the pool of YMCA, being safe for the water was shallow
*Developed fear for water when he, only three years old, was swept by water as he stood with his
father in the surf.
*Vividly recollects the incident when a big bully of a boy tossed him into the YMCA pool.
*Under water, determines to reach the edge of the pool, to push, to rise above, to the surface.
Made two vain attempts to float but gripped by fear, lost his breath, sound and was paralyzed under
water.
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In the third effort he felt drowsy and sleep embraced him. He slipped into the state of
soothing sleep, of forgetfulness.
*When he regained his senses, he was beside the pool, vomiting.
* To subdue this haunting fear he hired an instructor and learnt swimming in a phased manner
After years of persistent efforts he became a complete swimmer. Yet he dreaded being alone in the
pool, in the presence of water.
SHORT TYPE QUESTIONS:
1.
2.
3.
4.
What is the ‘misadventure’ Williiam Douglas speaks about?
Why was Douglas determined to get over his fear of water?
How the instructor build a swimmer out of Douglas?
How did Douglas make sure that he conquered the old terror?
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5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
Why Douglas went to Lake Wentworth in New Hampshire? How did he make his terror flee?
Which factors led Douglas to decide in favour of YMCA pool?
When did Douglas realize that he was sinking? How did he plan to save himself?
What was the immediate effect of Douglas’ experience of nearly drowning in the pool? What
was the ling-term effect?
How did the drowning incident impact his life in the ensuing years?
“The instructor was finished. But I was not finished’. What does this refer to? Explain briefly.
How did the aversion for water set in the mind of Douglas?
Why did Douglas determine to learn swimming? How did he initially try to learn it?
What was the incident in YMCA that put Douglas out of his wits?
How did Douglas prepare himself to reach the edge of the pool? What was the strategy?
How did Douglas put up a brave struggle to survive?
How did the Misadventure affect Douglas?
How did the fear for water handicap the author?
What initiative did Douglas take to get over his fear of water?
LONG TYPE QUESTIONS:
1. Why does Douglas as an adult recount a childhood experience of terror and his conquering of it?
What larger meaning does he draw from this experience?
2. How did Douglas try to save himself from drowning in the YMCA pool?
3. The narrative, Deep Water, is a saga of perseverance and courage. Elucidate.
4. ‘This handicap stayed with me as the years rolled by.’ What handicap is being referred to and
what are the events that made him handicapped?
5. ‘The experience had a deep meaning for me’. What experience is being referred to here? How
did this experience impact the life of William Douglas?
6. ‘At last I felt released’. Describe the efforts undertaken by Douglas to find this moment of
release.
7. It is said that courage in danger is half the battle won. Comment with reference to William
Douglas’ account of- Deep Water.
8. ‘Often the test of courage is not to die but to live.’ Comment with reference to the essay, Deep
Water.
9. Man has to fear the fear itself. William Douglas details the fight against fear in "Deep Water".
Elucidate.
10. The experience of William Douglas is an example of the fact that man is what he chooses to be.
Discuss.
11. How does the lesson “Deep Water" bring forth that certain incidents/ happenings leave scars in
the mind of people to fight throughout life?
12. William Douglas dreaded water. How did he get rid of the fear?
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THE RATTRAP
SELMA Lagerlof
In this lesson the writer talks about the trap of material
benefit that most human beings are prone to fall into. The
lesson is also about human tendency to redeem oneself
from dishonest ways through love and understanding.
Major ideas/ events
1. The man selling rattrap is a vagabond and resorts to begging and petty thievery.
2. He is suddenly struck by the idea that the world is a big rattrap to corrupt and destroy the man.
3.Steals 30 Kronors from an old crofter who has been kind and generous to him.
4.He loses his way in the woods and comes to Ramsjo ironworks for warmth and shelter.
5. The ironmaster wrongly identifies him as the ex-captain [Von Stahale] of the regiment he has
served.
6. The tramp declines the ironmaster’s invitation to his manor house for Christmas feast.
7. The iron master’s daughter, Elda talks to him in a friendly manner with compassion and takes him
home.
8. When the tramp came to the breakfast table, washed, trimmed and well dressed {due to the
effort of the valet}, the iron master recognized his mistake and wanted to hand over the tramp to
the Sheriff.
9. Edla insists on keeping the tramp for Christmas and feasted him. She wanted the tramp to have a
peaceful day with them. It is wrong to turn away a guest who came to their home on Christmas day.
10. At church the iron master and Elda come to know that the tramp was a thief. When they came
back home they found the tramp gone. Elda had a Christmas present form the tramp----a packet
containing a rattrap and 30 Kronors to be given to the old crofter from whom he had stolen it.
SHORT TYPE QUESTIONS:
1. From where did the peddler get the idea of the world being a rattrap?
2. Why was the crofter so talkative and friendly with the peddler? What made the peddler
think that he had indeed fallen into a rattrap?
3. Why did the ironmaster speak kindly to the peddler and invite him home?
4. Why did the peddler decline the invitation?
5. What made the peddler accept Edla’s invitation?
6. What doubts did Edla have about the peddler?
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7. What did the peddler say in his defense when it was clear that he was not the person the
ironmaster had thought he was?
8. Why Edla entertain the peddler even after she knew the truth about him?
9. Why was Edla happy to see the gift left by the peddler?
10. Why did peddler sign himself as Captain Von Stahle?
11. Who was the owner of Ramsjo iron mills? Why did he visit the mills at night?
12. Why didn’t the stranger tell the ironmaster that he was not Nils Olof?
13. What were the precautions did the peddler take remain undetected as the thief?
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
What made the peddler to accept Elda’s invitation?
Why was the crofter talkative and friendly with the peddler?
What doubts did Elda have about the peddler?
Did the peddler respect the confidence reposed in him by the peddler?
Why was Edla happy to see the gift left by the peddler?
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS:
1. How does the peddler interpret the acts of kindness and hospitality shown by the crofter,
the iron-master and his daughter?
2. What are the instances in the story that the character of the ironmaster is different from
that of his daughter in many ways?
3. The story has many instances of unexpected reactions from the characters to others’
behavior. Pick out instances of these surprises.
4. How does the metaphor of the rattrap serve to highlight the human predicament?
5. Describe how the story, The Rattrap shows that basic human goodness can be brought out
by understanding and love.
6. The Rattrap is both entertaining and philosophical. Do you agree with this statement?
7. ‘The rattrap’ is a present from a rat who would have been caught in this world’s rattrap is he
had not been raised to a Captain.’ Explain how this how this circumstance came to pass, with
reference to the story The Rattrap’.
8. The Rattrap exemplifies the notion that it is the emotional needs of human beings that have
a direct bearing on their behavior.
9. What are the instances in the story that shows that the character of the ironmaster is
different from that of his daughter in many ways
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INDIGO
Louis Fischer
POINTS TO REMEMBER:
Theme :
The lesson is an extract from The Life of Mahatma Gandhi by Louis Fischer. It throws a light on
Gandhiji’s leadership qualities, how he secures justice for oppressed people through convincing
arguments and negotiation. It also throws a light on contributions made by anonymous Indians to
the freedom struggle.Rajkumar Shukla- A poor sharecrooper from Champaran wishing to meet
Gandhiji.
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Raj Kumar Shukla- an illiterate but resolute hence followed Gandhiji Lucknow, Cawnpore,
Ahemdabad, Calcutta, Patna, Muzzafarpur & then Champaran.
Servants at Rajendra Prasad’s residence thought Gandhiji to be an untouchable.
Gandhiji considered as an untouchable because of simple living style and wearing, due to the
company of Rajkumar Shukla.
Decided to go to Muzzafarpur first to get detailed information about Champaran sharecropper.
Sent telegram to J B Kriplani &stayed in Prof Malkani home- a government servant.
Indians afraid to show sympathy to the supporters of home rule.
The news of Gandhiji’s arrival spread- sharecroppers gathered in large number to meet their
champion.
Gandhiji chided the Muzzafarpur lawyer for taking high fee.
Champaran district was divided into estate owned by English people, Indians only tenant farmers.
Landlords compelled tenants to plant 15% of their land with indigo and surrender their entire
harvest as rent.
In the meantime Germany had developed synthetic indigo –British landlords freed the Indian
farmers from the 15% arrangement but asked them to pay compensation.
Many signed, some resisted engaged lawyers, and landlords hired thugs.
Gandhiji reached Champaran- visited the secretary of the British landlord association to get the facts
but denied as he was an outsider.
Gandhiji went to the British Official Commissioner who asked him to leave Trihut, Gandhiji
disobeyed, went to Motihari the capital of Champaran where a vast multitude greeted him,
continued his investigations.
Visited maltreated villagers, stopped by the police superintendent but disobeyed the order.
Motihari black with peasants spontaneous demonstrations, Gandhiji released without bail Civil
Disobedience triumphed.
Gandhiji agreed to 25% refund by the landowners, it symbolized the surrender of the prestige.
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Gandhiji worked hard towards social economic reforms, elevated their distress aided by his wife,
Mahadev Desai, Narhari Parikh.
Gandhiji taught a lesson of self reliance by not seeking help of an English man Mr. Andrews.
NCERT QUESTIONS
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
Q1 Why is Rajkumar Shukla described as being ‘resolute’?
Ans. Rajkumar Shukla ,an illiterate sharecropper, came all the way from Champaran district to
Lucknow to invite Gandhi to visit his district. When Gandhi mentioned about his prior engagements
to go to Cawnpore and other parts of India, Shukla accompanied him everywhere. He also followed
Gandhi to his ashram and stayed there for weeks till Gandhi asked him to meet him at Calcutta.
Because of his strong will power and determination, he is described as being ‘resolute’.
Q2.Why do you think the servants thought Gandhiji to be another peasant?
Ans. As Gandhi was in the company of Rajkumar Shukla ,a poor yeoman ,the servantsat Rajendra
Prasad’s house assumed that he was another peasant. Moreover ,Gandhi’s emaciated looks and
simplicity could have led to his mistaken identity.
Q3.List the places that Gandhi visited between his first meeting with Shukla and his arrival at
Champaran.
Ans.Between his first meeting with Shukla and his arrival at Champaran ,Gandhi visited
Cawnpur ,Calcutta ,Patna and Muzaffarpur.
Q4.What did the peasants pay to the British landlords as rent? What did the British now want
instead and why? What would be the impact of synthetic indigo on the prices of natural indigo?
Ans. The British landlords compelled the peasants to plant 15% of the land with indigo and to
surrender the entire harvest as rent. Now that Germany had developed synthetic indigo ,Britishers
wanted the tenants to pay them compensation for being released from 15% agreement.
As the demand of the natural indigo would reduce due to the advent of synthetic indigo, its price
would go down.
Q5.Why did Gandhi agree to a settlement of 25 percent refund to the farmers?
Ans.Gandhi agreed to a settlement of 25% refund to the farmers to break the deadlock between the
landlords and the tenants. For Gandhi the amount of the refund was less important than the fact
that the landlords had been forced to return part of the money and with it, part of the peasants’
prestige. He wanted to establish that the landlords were not lords above law and their rule could be
challenged.
Q6.How did the episode change the plight of the peasants?
Ans.The Champaran episode made the peasants aware of their rights and taught them courage.
Apart from getting 25 percent of their compensation they got back their prestige. Within few
years ,the British planters abandoned their estates , which reverted to the peasants.
Indigo sharecropping disappeared.
Q 7 How was Gandhi able to influence lawyers? Give instances
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Ans. Gandhi chided the lawyers for charging hefty fee from the peasants to fight their case.Later
his words encouraged the lawyers to court arrest in case he was arrested. He also dissuaded them
from seeking Charles Andrews’ assistance in their battle against the injustice of the Britishers in
order to be self reliant.
Q8.What was the attitude of the average Indian in smaller localities towards advocatesof ‘home
rule’?
Ans. Being afraid of inviting the wrath of the Britishers, the average Indian in small localities were
reluctant to show any sympathy towards the advocates of ‘home rule’.
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
Q 1 Why do you think Gandhi considered the Champaran episode to be a turning point in his life?
Ans. The Champaran episode began as an attempt to alleviate the distress of a large number of poor
peasants. But it became a turning point in Gandhi’ life.It build up Gandhi confidence that the British
rulers could be made to bend and concede a popular demand. He declared that British could not
order him in his own country.
It was during this struggle in 1917 that he decided to urge the departure of the British. When
he came to Champaran, he was appalled to see fear –stricken peasants and injustice of landlord
system in Chamaparan. His readiness to go to jail for the sake of seeking justice instilled courage
among ordinary people and motivated the lawyers for court arrest . He led civil disobedience by
refusing to leave Champaran even after he got the official notice. Civil disobedience triumphed for
the first time when the case for disregarding the official order against him was dropped. Britisher’s
agreement to pay 25 percent of the compensation made him and the peasants confident. It made
the peasants realise that they had rights and defenders and he established that the authority of the
British could be challenged. He taught the lawyers a lesson of self reliance by dissuading them from
seeking the assistance from an English man, Charles Andrew.
Gandhi never contended himself with larger and political solutions. He also
madeendeavour to bring about cultural and social upliftment in the village.
Q2.How do we know that ordinary people too contributed to the freedom movement?
Ans.The author mentions several ordinary people who contributed to the freedom movement.
Rajkumar
Shukla
was
instrumental
in
arranging
Gandhi’s
visit
to
Champaran.Proffesssor Malkani , despite being a government servant, harboured Gandhi when he
arrived at Muzzafarpur. When the news of Gandhi’s advent spread through Muzzafarpur and
Champaran , Sharecroppers from Champaran began arriving on foot to see their
champion.Their gathering in huge number at Motihari was the beginning of their freedom from the
fear of the British. The lawyers also agreed to court arrest in case Gandhi went to Jail.
Gandhi and the lawyers conducted a detailed inquiry into the grievances of the farmers.
They prepared cases for about ten thousand peasants and collected relevant documents.
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Moreover the masses volunteered to help in bringing cultural and social reforms in the
village. The two young men ,Mahadev Desai and Narihari Parikh and their views volunteered to
work. Several people came from Bombay ,Poona and other distant parts of the
land. Devadas ,Gandhi’s youngest son arrived from the asharam. Kasturbai taught ashram rules on
personal cleanliness and community sanitation.
EXTRA QUESTIONS :SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
Q1.Why did Rajkumar Shukla go to meet Gandhi?
Ans. Rajkumar Shukla came to meet Gandhi at the December1916 Congress Session inLuknow to
complain about the injustice of the landlord system of Bihar and to invite him to visit his district.
Q2. What was the conflict of duties in which Gandhi was involved?
Ans. In court, Gandhi pleaded guilty for having disobeyed the official notice to quit Champaran. He
read out a statement claiming he was involved in a conflict of duties. He clarified that he disobeyed
not to break law and set a bad example but to render thehumanitarian and national services for
which he had come to Champaran.
Q3.When did Gandhi say ‘The battle of Champaran is won ?
Ans. When the lawyers reconsidered their decision about their course of action in case of Gandhi’s
arrest and volunteered to court arrest for the cause of sharecroppers, Gandhi felt pleased and said
‘The battle of Champaran is won’
Q4. “Civil disobedience had triumphed the first time in India” . How did it happen
Ans.When Gandhi disobeyed official order to quit Champaran , a case was initiated against him for
disregarding the orders. The spontaneous demonstration of thousands of peasants around the
courtroom baffled the officials. Not knowing how to handle the case, the judge postponed the
judgement for few days. Then finally few days later, the case was dropped by Lieutenant Governor
himself.So civil disobedience triumphed for the first time in India.
Q5 What did Gadhiji say to his friends when they suggested that Charles Andrews should be
retained for the sake of the Champaran movement ?
Ans.Gandhi vehemently opposed the lawyer’s suggestion to seek Andrew’s assistance and said that
taking the support of an Englishman would reveal the weakness of their hearts. He urged his friends
to rely upon themselves to win the battle.
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
Q1 Justify the appropriateness of the title ‘Indigo’ to this extract.
Ans. The title ‘Indigo’ focuses our attention on the central issue of the chapter –exploitation of
indigo sharecroppers at the hands of cruel British planters. Britishers compelled them through a long
term agreement to plant indigo on 15 percent of their land and surrender the entire harvest as rent.
After the development of synthetic indigo by Germany , The British planters extracted money from
the peasants as compensation from being released from the 15 percent agreement. The peasants
who wanted their money back filed civil suits. Rajkumar Shukla persuaded Gandhi to take up the
case of Indigo sharecroppers.
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So indigo sharecropping exemplifies the injustice of the Britishers and Indians’ submission to British
authority. The exploitation of indigo sharecroppers led Gandhi to arrive in Champaran to alleviate
their distress. Peasants not only got back thecompensation but also became courageous and
confident. They learnt the lesson of self reliance.
The Champaran movement that centred on indigo sharecropping led to social and
cultural upliftment of the peasants.Their education , health and hygiene received due attention.
Thus the title ‘Indigo’ is highly suggestive and appropriate.
Q2 How did Gandhi use Satyagraha and non-violence to achieve his goal?
Ans. Non violence and satyagraha were the weapons used by Gandhi to secure justice for oppressed
peasants of Champaran. He adopted legal ,moral and democratic path of negotiation.
Gandhi refused to leave Tirhut division in which Chamaparan district lay despite being told
by the British official commissioner to do so. Later he defied the official order to leave Chamaparan
for which he received summon to appear in the court. When the British authorities could not
regulate the unmanageable crowd at Motihari , he pacified the crowd in polite and friendly way.
Thus he gave concrete proof of the power ofsatyagraha and non violence.
In the court he clarified that he did not want to set a bad example as a law breaker but
intended to render humanitarian and national service..His convincing argumentation baffled the
magistrate who released him without the bail.
Later he fought the case of the peasants peacefully by collecting evidences and the
documents pertaining to the case. When the Britishers agreed to pay the compensation he
peacefully negotiated with the landlords and accepted 25 percent of the amount due.
So the peasants got a partial refund of the compensation with the use of satyagraha and
nonviolence.
Q3. How did Rajkumar Shukla prove to be an important link between Gandhi and his Champaran
campaign?
Ans.Rajkumar shukla was a poor and emaciated sharecropper from Champaran. Though he was poor
and illiterate he was determined to oppose the injustice of the British planters. He used to seek legal
recourse to get justice and was in constant touch with Rajendra Prasad ,an eminent lawyer. He came
to December 1916 annual convention of the Indian National Congress party in Lucknow to meet
Gandhi as someone had told him that Gandhi Gandhi could give a solution to their problems. He
complained about the injustice of landlord system in Bihar and invited Gandhi to visit his district.
When Gandhi mentioned about his prior engagements to go to Cawnpore and other parts of India,
Shukla showed tremendous patience and perseverance and accompanied him everywhere. He also
followed Gandhi to his ashram and stayed there for weeks. Impressed by his determination and
tenacity Gandhi promised to meet him at Calcutta on a particular date. Few months later Shukla
arrived at Calcutta and took him to Champaran.
So, Rajkuma Shukla’s strong will power and painstaking efforts were instrumental in
arranging Gandhi’s visit to Champaran and thus improving the plight of the poor peasants.
Short Questions
1. Why did Rajkumar Shukla go to meet Gandhi?( To complain about injustice of the landlord system in
Bihar.) (SP)
2. How did Shukla pursue Gandhi to visit Champaran. (2008)
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3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
(showed great patience and perseverance
accompanied Gandhiji wherever he went
waited for him at Calcutta
impressed him with his determination)
What proves that Gandhiji was an unknown figure in Patna?
Why was Gandhi not allowed to draw water from the well of Dr. Rajendra Prasad’s house? (p-47
,2nd last para ,last 4 lines “But Gandhi was not permitted....”)
Where did Gandhi stay in Muzaffarpur ? How does he comment about it ? ( p-48 ,1st para“Gandhi
stayed there......home rule.)
What was the ‘conflict of duties’ that Gandhiji underwent ? How did he resolve it ? (p-50 ,7th para –
Gandhi protested against the delay ...)
. What did Gadhiji say to his friends when they suggested that Charles Andrews should be retained
for the sake of the Champaran movement ? (2009) (p-54 ,3rd last para)
Long Answer Type Questions
1. “The visit undertaken casually on the entreaty of an unlettered peasant occupied almost a year of
Gandhiji’s life” What events unfolded and with what results “
2. Give a detailed account of the problem of sharecroppers in Champaran.How did Gandhi help them
to overcome the problems? (2008)
3. What idea do you get about Gandhiji from the Chapter ‘Indigo’?
107
GOING PLACES
A R BARTON
THEME: A R BARTON in Going Places highlights adolescent hero-worship and fantasizing, how excess
of it causes immense pain. The lesson also focuses on the complexities of human relationships viz.
family members and friends.
Gist of the lesson:
1. The conversation between Sophie, the main character in the story, and her friend, Jansie,
reveals Sophie as a person who wants something big out of life. But Jansie is a girl who is
very much grounded and practical who knows the reality of their life- the big dreams won’t
be supported by their poor financial background.
2. Sophie has a great deal of attraction towards the unknown aspects of life that her lives and
wants to live it and be admitted. He is the closest to her in the family and feels confident and
comfortable to share her secrets to her.
3. Of course, neither he or for that matter any member of the family, nor her best friend,
Jansie, believes any of her wild stories particularly the one in which she talks about her
meeting Danny Casey, an Irish football star.
4. At the end of the story, Sophie is found waiting for her hero, Danny Casey. She imagines the
meeting, he asking for an autograph and so on. But the world of make-believe doesn’t
materialize for her, the hero never turns up and she has to swallow the better pill of
disappointment.
Important questions:
Short Type
1. What were the options that Sophie was dreaming of? Why does Jansie discourage her
from having such dreams?
2. How does Sophie include her brother Geoff in her fantasy of her future?
3. Which was the only occasion when Sophie got to see Danny Casey in person?
4. Why did Sophie like Geoff more than any other person? From perspective, what did he
symbolize?
5. How did Sophie plan to escape the monotony and squalor of her life?
6. What were Sophie’s thoughts as she waited by the canal?
7. Why was Sophie relieved to see her father’s bicycle outside the pub as she returned
home from the canal? What does this indicate about their relationship?
LONG TYPE:
1. Sophie and Jansie were classmates and friends. What were the differences between them
that show up in the story?
2. It is natural for teenagers to have unrealistic dreams. Discuss with reference to the story,
Going Places.
3. ‘ There was the sound of applause as the world rose to greet them.’ What is the world
Sophie is dreaming about ? Why?
4. What made Sophie imagine her encounter with Danny Casey? What light does this throw on
her life and her relationship with her family?
108
109
The Tiger King
Author: Kalki
1. Answer the following questions in between 30 to 40 words each:
I.
What atmosphere was provided to the crown Prince?
II.
What logic did the Maharaja give to start tiger hunting?
III.
What was the celebration time for the tigers?
IV.
What proclamation did the Maharaja issue & why?
V.
What vow did the Maharaja take?
VI.
What was the proposal sent to the Maharaja? Did he agree to it? If not, why?
VII.
Why was the Maharaja in danger of losing his throne?
VIII.
What was the happy news that dispelled the gloom of the Maharaja?
IX.
What did the Maharaja do to find the required no. of tigers to kill?
X.
Why did the Dewan have to bring a tiger from a zoo in Madras to the jungle of Pratibandhpuram
XI.
Why was the Maharaja happy even though he had lost 3 lakhs of rupees to the jewelers of
Calcutta?
XII.
Who killed the 100th tiger and why?
XIII.
What permission did the British official seek from the Maharaja? Why was his request turned
down?
XIV.
What is the irony in the death of the Tiger King?
XV.
Why did the Tiger King decide to marry? What is his criterion to decide his bride?
2. Answer the following questions in about 125 words each (LAQs):
i.
How did Tiger King meet his end? What is ironical about his fate?
ii.
Describe the efforts made by the tiger King to achieve his target of killing a hundred tigers.
iii.
Why did the Tiger King stand in the danger of losing his kingdom? How was he able to avert the
danger?
iv.
The astrologer’s prediction about the death of Tiger King came to be true. Do you agree? Why/
Why not?
v.
The author has satirized the conceit of those in power through the device of irony in the story ‘The
Tiger King’. Comment on this statement.
vi.
Were the minions of the Maharaja truly sincere towards him? Substantiate your answer citing
examples from the story.
“Success is getting what you want, happiness is wanting what you get”- W.P. Kinsella
110
The Enemy
Author: Pearl S. buck
I.
Answer the following questions in between 30 to 40 words
each(SAQs):
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.
viii.
ix.
x.
xi.
xii.
xiii.
xiv.
xv.
xvi.
xvii.
xviii.
xix.
xx.
xxi.
xxii.
xxiii.
xxiv.
xxv.
xxvi.
xxvii.
xxviii.
xxix.
Why did Dr Sadao not want the white man to shelter in his house?
How did the doctor know the man was a white prisoner?
Why were Dr Sadao & his wife not able to put the man back into the sea?
How can you say that the father of Dr Sadao was pure in Japanese?
Why did Hana not stay alone in the room with the white man?
What was the opinion of the old gardener about the white man? What does it show of
him?
Was the old gardener superstitious? Give a reason in support of your answer.
Why did the doctor not stop the operation when Hana was in distress?
What made the doctor impatient & irritable?
Why did Dr Sadao become ruthless at one time while doing the operation?
What was the purest pleasure to Dr Sadao?
Why did Dr Sadao say ‘Don’t thank me too early’?
What were the two things happened at the house of Dr Sadao on the day?
Why was Dr Sadao indispensable to the old General?
Why did the General say ‘You can not be arrested.’?
What are the two foreign elements the old General asked Dr Sadao to combine in him?
What was the plan of the old General to get the man cleared from the house of Dr Sadao?
Why did Dr Sadao ask Hana not to go & close the sick man’s partition?
What was the plan of Dr Sadao to make the white man escape?
How did the gardener react when Dr Sadao told him about the wounded American
soldier?
Did Yumi wash the wounded man? Why/ Why not?
Why did the servants leave Dr Sadao’s house?
Why did the General spare the American soldier?
Why was Dr Sadao not sent to the battle field?
Why did a messenger come to Dr Sadao? What did Hana think about him?
In what context did Hana remember General Takima? What does she refer to?
Why did Dr Sadao decide to help the American soldier despite knowing that he was an
enemy?
What did Dr Sadao reminiscence after the prisoner’s escape?
Why did the servants rebel and leave Dr Sadao?
111
II.
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
Answer the following questions in about 125 words each:
Write the character sketch of Dr Sadao as depicted in the lesson.
How did Dr Sadao rise above the narrow prejudices of race & country to help a human
being in need?
Describe the difficulties faced by Dr Sadao when he decided to help the enemy soldier.
Describe how the story ‘The Enemy’ shows that basic human goodness overpowers all
other factors?
What explains the attitude of the General in the matter of the enemy soldier? Was it
human consideration, lack of national loyalty, dereliction of duty or simple selfabsorption?
The Enemy is a clash between patriotism and humanity. Discus.
“Happiness is not something ready-made. It comes from your own actions”- Dalai Lama XIV
112
Should Wizard Hit Mommy?
Author: john Updike
1. Answer the following questions in between 30 to 40 words (SAQs):
i.
What was the characteristic of Jack’s story?
ii.
Who had solution to the problem of Roger Skunk & how?
iii.
How does Jo want to end the story & how?
iv.
What makes Jack feel caught in an ugly position?
v.
How did Skunk’s mother get him his old smell back?
vi.
Why did Jo disapprove of Jack’s ending the story of Roger Skunk? How did she want it
to end?
vii.
What impression do you form of Jack as a father?
viii.
How did the wizard help Roger Skunk?
ix.
Why was Jo against of getting Skunk his old smell back?
x.
Why was Roger Skunk’s mother angry with him? What did she finally tell him?
xi.
What was the Skunk’s problem? How did he get it solved?
xii.
How did Jack justify the mother’s hitting the wizard?
xiii.
How did Jo perceive the end of the story?
2. Answer the following questions in about 125 words each (LAQs):
i.
Why did Jo disapprove of Jack’s ending of the story of Roger Skunk? How did she want
it to end?
ii.
What impression do you form of Jack as a father?
iii.
Why is an adult’s perspective on life different from that of a child?
iv.
What two worlds are mentioned in the story ‘Should Wizard Hit Mommy?’ Which
world does Jack resolve to join & why?
v.
How does John Updike highlight the difference between an adult’s and a child’s
perception through Should Wizard Hit Mommy?
“Learn to value yourself, which means: fight for your happiness” – Ayn Rand
113
On the Face of It
Author: Susan Hill
1. Answer the following questions in between 30 to 40 words (SAQs):
i.
Who entered the garden and why?
ii.
Why would Mr Lamb Keep the garden always open & why?
iii.
What reason does Derry give that Mr Lamb was better than him?
iv.
What comment did a woman make on Derry at the bus stop? Was she right to talk like
that with another woman?
v.
What contrast do you observe in the attitudes of Mr Lamb & Derry?
vi.
Why did Mr Lamb not have curtains over the windows of his house?
vii.
What depressing comments were made on Derry by people?
viii.
How did Mr Lamb encourage Derry to live a life in spite of his problem with him?
ix.
How does Mr Lamb try to remove the baseless fears of Derry?
x.
What qualities of Mr Lamb attracted Derry to him?
xi.
What did Derry’s mother think of Mr Lamb?
xii.
What is the reason for Derry’s seclusion from people?
xiii.
Why does Derry not stop from going to Mr Lamd, though Derry’s mother stopped him?
xiv.
How are Mr Lamb & Dery different in their attitude towards their respective
disabilities?
xv.
What idea does the story of ‘Beauty & the Beast’ convey?
xvi.
What did Derry tell his mother about Mr Lamb?
2. Answer the following questions in about 125 words each (LAQs):
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.
viii.
ix.
How did Mr Lamb’s meeting with Derry become a turning point in Derry’s life?
Though Mr Lamb & Derry suffer from physical disability, their attitude in life is very different. Justify
the relevance of this statement.
Do you think Derry’s chance meeting with Mr Lamb would prove meaningful to him after Mr Lamb
was no more on the earth? Answer giving valid reasons.
How did Mr Lamb try to give courage & confidence to Derry?
Why does Derry say, ‘Because if I don’t go there, I’ll never go anywhere in this world again.’?
Write the character sketch of Mr Lamb.
Write the character sketch of Derry.
How does Mr Lamb motivate Derry to change his perception of the world and his own self?
What does the conversation between Mr Lamb and Derry reveal about their respective
personalities?
“Don’t spend the time beating on a wall, hoping to transform it into a door’’-Coco Chanel
114
Evans Tries an O-Level
Author: Colin Dexter
1. Answer the following questions in between 30 to 40 words(SAQs):
i. Who, do you think, has outwitted the other-Evans or the Governor?
ii. What clues did the answer sheet of Evans provide to the Governor?
iii. Describe the precautions taken by the prison authorities for the smooth conduct of Evan’s
examination.
iv. Why did Evans not take off his hat when Jackson ordered him to do so?
v. How does Evans have the last laugh?
vi. What did Jackson ask Stephens to take away from Evans cell & why?
vii. What puzzling thing did Jackson find in McLeery’s suitcase? How did McLeery explain it?
viii. How was the Governor able to find the place where Evans had gone?
ix.
What was Evans’ real motive behind taking an O’level German exam?
x.
What important role does ‘Mr Mcleery’ play in the escape Evans?
2.Answer the following questions in about 125 words each(LAQs):
i.
What lapses on the part of police & prison authorities helped Evans to escape from the
prison?
ii.
How did the question paper & correction slip help the prisoner and the Governor?
iii.
Despite all precautions taken by the prison authorities, Evans affected a most ingenious
escape from his prison cell. Comment on it.
iv.
Give a detailed account of how Evans plan out his escape from the prison?
v.
Give a character sketch of the Governor of Oxford Prison, based on your understanding.
vi.
How can you say that the Governor was a good for a giggle, gullible Governor?
vii.
Draw the character sketch of Evans based upon your understanding of the lesson.
“Count your age by friends, not years. Count your life by smiles, not tears”.- John Lennon
115
Memories of Childhood
Author: Zitkal-sa
Bama
1. Answer the following questions in between 30 to 40 words(SAQs):
i. What oppression & discrimination did Zitkala Sa & Bama experience during their
childhood? How did they respond to their respective situations?
ii. When did Bama first come to know of the social discrimination faced by the people of her
community?
iii. How did Zitkala Sa try to prevent the shingling of her hair?
iv. What are the similarities in the lives of Bama & Zitkala Sa, though they belong to different
cultures?
v. Why did Zitkala Sa want to save her hair?
vi. Why did the landlord’s men ask Bama’s brother on which street he lived? What was the
significance of it?
vii. Why was ZItkala Sa terrified when Zudebin told her that her hair would be cut short?
viii. What did Bama’s brother suggest her to remove untouchaility?
ix.
What were the articles in the stalls & shops that fascinated Bama on her way back from
school?
x.
What sort of shows or entertainment attracted Bama?
xi.
What activities of the people would Bama watch keenly in the bazaar?
xii. How does Bama’s brother underline the importance of education to her?
2.Answer the following questions in about 125 words each(LAQs):
i. What kind of discrimination did Zitkala Sa & Bama experience during their childhood? How
did they respond to their respective situations?
ii. What are the similarities in the lives of Bama & Zitkala Sa, though they belong todifferent
cultures?
iii. Describe how Zitkala Sa tried in vain to save her hair from being cut. Why did she want to
save her hair?
iv. Describe the experience Bama had on her way back home which made her feel sad.
v. Lack of understanding of other cultures and untouchability are a bane on our society and
cause discrimination. How is it illustrated in the lesson?
“It is hard to fail, but it is worse never to have tried to succeed.”-Theodore Roosevelt
116
PRACTICE PAPER 1
SECTION ‘C’ (LITERARY TEXT-VISTAS)
Q.1. Answer the following questions in between 30 to 40 words each:
3x2=6
a. What new phase had dawned upon Jo?
b. What made the peddler realize that he had fallen into a rattrap?
c. Why did the General spare the American soldier?
Q.2. Answer the following in 125-150 words:
6
What impression does Derry form of Mr Lamb after his brief association with him?
PRACTICE PAPER 2
SECTION ‘C’ (LITERARY TEXT-VISTAS)
Q.1. Answer the following questions in between 30 to 40 words each:
3x2=6
a. How does little Jo want the wizard to behave when Mommy hit him?
b. What does Derry feel about his burnt face at the end of the play ‘On the Face of It’?
c. Why did the landlord’s man ask Bama’s brother on which street he
b. lived?
Q.10. Answer the following in 125-150 words:
6
Write the character sketch of Dr Sadao as depicted in the lesson.
PRACTICE PAPER 3
SECTION ‘C’ (LITERARY TEXT-VISTAS)
Q.1. Answer the following questions in between 30 to 40 words each:
3x2=6
a. Why did the Governor & his prison authorities not check about the wounded McLeery at
the prison gate who was Evans & escaped successfully?
b. Who killed the 100th tiger and why?
c. What had Zitkala Sa learnt about shingling of hair of a person?
Q.10. Answer the following in 125-150 words:
6
Why did Jo & Jack differ from each other as regard to the end of the story ‘Should Wizard
Hit Mommy?’
117
118
SYNOPSIS OF THE NOVEL
THE INVISIBLE MAN
by HG WELLS
The invisible Man is a story of a young scientist who somehow develops a formula of invisibility and
had to try the same on him due to lack of finances. He had to rob his father and complete his
project. Then he tries the experiment on various living and non-living things which become invisible.
However, later on due to lack of finances and privacy he had to experiment the same on him. Now
he gets frustrated after becoming invisible and the difficulties he had to face after the experiment
are very interesting and pitiable.
The story begins with a stranger arriving at the Bramblehaust Railway Station. He is wrapped from
head to toe with only his shiny pink nose in the view. He enters into the “Coach and Horses Inn” and
asks for a room. It is nail biting in Iping and the appearance of a guest in the winter season is
something unheard of Mrs. Hall, the owner of the inn, is delighted to have a guest at this time of the
year .She makes him some supper and asks him to take the coat and the hat off but he refuses. The
next time she met a ghastly sight of the stranger. She perceived that probably the visitor had a very
bad accident and that had disfigured his face. Mrs. Hall initiates more talks but he maintains a
hostile resistance in a bit rude way.
Teddy Henfrey, a clock jobber, comes to the inn for tea. Mrs. Hall asks him to “repair the clock” in
the stranger’s room. Teddy tries unsuccessfully to engage the stranger in conversation. The stranger
finally gets him to hurry up and leave. On the way home, he meets Mr. Hall and attempts to raise his
suspicions about the guest.
The nest day, the stranger’s luggage including boxes of glass bottles is brought from the station by a
man named Fearenside, who has a dog, which attacks him and rips his gloves and pants. The
stranger rushes to his room and starts unpacking all of his bottles and gets to work immediately. Mr.
Hall brings him dinner but she catches a glimpse of his hollow eye sockets but then he puts on his
glasses. The stranger keeps on having small issues with Mrs. Hall over his domestic demeanor but he
always shuts her up by asking her to bill him extra.
The stranger had become the talk of the town. Opinion was greatly divided about his occupations.
Mrs. Hall kept defending her guest by saying that the man was an ‘experimental investigator and he
had an accident which had left him discoloured. But all of Iping disliked him. Mr. Cuss, the general
practitioner, was very much interested in the stranger. He used the excuse of a nurse fund and
visited him. Cuss realized that something was wrong with the man staying at the inn.
The next day was about to come up when Mrs. Bunting was suddenly awoken by the sounds of some
one’s footsteps. Mr. Bunting moved towards the study cautiously with a poker in his hand from the
crack of the door he could see the open drawers and lit candle but there was no burglar. The Halls
were preparing for the club festival and thus they had woken up early in the morning. Mr. Hall was
astonished to see that the stranger’s door was open.
While the couple was thinking that it was quite a curious thing that the room was empty, the bed
clothes gathered themselves and jumped headlong over the bottom rail. The other things also
started to come to life and then the furniture started attacking the couple. Poor Mrs. Hall thought
that her furniture was haunted by spirits and sent for Mr. Sandy Wadgers, the blacksmith. The next
day, Mrs Hall was resolute. She had decided not to serve the stranger. Mrs. Hall tells him that she
wonders where he suddenly got the money from. This confrontation agitated the stranger and he
did something that scared the wits out of Mrs. Hall. Suddenly the stranger took off everything on his
face. He became ‘headless’ and ran out of the inn naked.
Thomas Marvel, encounters the invisible man on the downs. Eventually, the Invisible man convinces
Marvel that he is real and is in need of an accomplice who will first give him food, water and shelter.
He delivers an unfinished threat of what he will do if Marvel betrays him. The fearful Marvel agrees.
He enters the village and is seen by the yard of the inn, Mr. Huxter, the tobacconist, when he
emerges with a bundle and three books, Huxter raises the alarm and gives chase, but is tripped and
sent flying by the invisible man.
119
Doctor Cuss and Vicar Bunting are going through the Invisible Man’s papers, including his diaries;
cuss and Bunting lock the door so no one will interrupt them. Unfortunately, for them, this also
means that no one will interrupt the Invisible Man who was already inside. Mr. Hall and Teddy
Henfrey hear violent noises coming from the parlour, and attempt to investigate. At this point, Cuss
comes out of the strangers room in the inn, revealing that the invisible Man stole his and Bunting’s
clothes. Marvel tries to take advantage of a short respite to let someone else know about the
Invisible Man, but he is caught by Griffin before he can complete his story. Doctor kemp, a scientist
who is contemptuous of rumors of the Invisible Man sees Marvel running towards Burdock from his
house above. The running man is marvel; his expression is one of terror. A short distance behind
him, people hear the sound of panting and a pad like hurrying bare feet soon cries of ‘ The Invisible
Man is coming are heard in the streets.
The Jolly Cricketers is a tavern. Marvel seeks refuse in the Jolly Cricketers in Burdock, claiming that
the Invisible Man is after him and is locked in the bar parlour. By the time, he realises the door is
open, the Invisible man is already inside. He tries, but fails, to drag Marvel away. Griffin is injured
and is thus forced to find shelter and help in the nearest possible place. Doctor Kemp hears the shots
fired and a few minutes later, he learns his doorbell ring, but his house keeper says it was only a “
run-away” ring. The doctor decides to go downstairs for a drink, on the way, he notices a spot of
drying blood on his linoleum floor. When he goes to bed, he discovers that the
Invisible Man is in his bedroom. He has a minor gunshot wound. He introduces himself to Dr. Kemp
and his cool demeanor as he helps Griffin to the things he needs is an indication of hope for the
Invisible Man. After Griffin makes sure the Bedroom is secure and after Kemp promises not to turn
him in. Griffin goes to sleep. Kemp worries that Griffin may become more unstable and dangerous.
He hesitates, but eventually decides to write a note to colonel Adye. Over breakfast Griffin begins to
tell Kemp at length how he became invisible, Griffin was a medical student at the same time as
Kemp, but Griffin switched to Physics because he was interested in light. He didn’t have the money
he needed to complete his research. So, he robbed his father. Unfortunately, the money he stole
was not actually his fathers, and so his father committed suicide.
He moved into a cheap boarding house in London to continue his research. His research, Griffin
adds, is all written down in a page in his book. He made a neighbourhood cat invisible. Realizing that
this would lead to trouble,
Griffin decided to disappear. He sent his books off by mail to some place where he could pick them
up later. Then he started the process of turning himself invisible, which really hurt. Griffin was
always cold and started to get the singles. Griffin continues, telling how he took overnight shelter in
a department store, with the intention of clothing himself so that he might reclaim his notebooks
and cheque book. His plans were continually evil even as the reactions of other people were
consistently behaviours of suspicion and rejection. He made his way to costume shop to find wigs,
noses and other stuffs, so that he might appear “ a grotesque but still a credible figure” when he
wound his way to a store, the very alert shop owner almost caught him. This made griffin angry. So
he knocked out the shop owner and tied him. Griffin went ahead and stole money and clothes. Now
that everyone has gotten in his way especially Marvel Griffin is ever angrier than before and plan on
killing people. Kemp sees some people coming up the hill to his house, so he tries to keep Griffin
talking. Suddenly, Griffin hears some people sneaking up in the house, and he realises that kemp has
betrayed him. Sad and angry, griffin takes off his clothes. Kemp tries to capture Griggin with the help
of the three men, including colonel Xidye, Griffin pushes past them and escapes .kemp issues swift
instructions to Adye for the preparation of a civilian and military campaign to capture griffin. To
make things worse, kemp spreads the news that people need to keep the Invisible Man from eating
as sleeping.
Unfortunately, that doesn’t keep Griffin from killing an old man named Wicksteed. Wicksteed was
beaten to death with an iron rod. Griffin has trouble finding shelter. All houses are locked and
everyone is on guard against him.
120
The following afternoon, kemp receives a letter from Griffin, written in apocalyptic language, which
announces ‘ day one of year one of the new epoch- the Epoch of the invisible Man, and promises to
inaugurate the epoch with the murder of Kemp. Shortly afterwards, Griffin lays siege to Kemp’s
house. During the battle that follows, Adye is shot. By this time kemp has followed his housekeeper
through a window and is nowhere to be found. Dr. Kemp flees, Griffin chases kemp through the
town. People begin to join in the chase. Even though people cannot see him, they are able to grab
hold of the Invisible Man and keep him down.
The effort is not needed for long as Griffin has been fatally injured and seems to have lost a lot of
blood. As the town people watch, the effect of invisibility in gradually reversed, and soon, Griffin,
now dead is visible. In death, his invisible albino body gradually materializes again. His body is
carried into the Jolly Cricketers. The young and gifted scientist meets his tragic end.
Practice Paper of English Core
The Invisible Man By H.G. Wells
1. Describe the strange visitor who came to the Coach and Horses inn. Why was Mrs. Hall surprised
and speechless to see the visitor?
2. What kind of a Scientist was Griffin? Did he use his scientific discovery in the right direction or
misused it? Give reasons for your answer.
3. Mr. Teddy was suspicious about the stranger. Comment.
4. Describe the life of the stranger at the Inn. What did Mrs. Hall tell the villagers about her guest,
the strange visitor, staying in her inn?
5. “A smart and remarkable story,” commented Mr. Bunting. Which story is he referring to? Why
was it remarkable?
6. The Bunting couple was left dumbfounded after the robbery in their study. Comment.
7. Describe the episode of the unveiling of the stranger at Hall’s inn and his escape from there.
8. How was Mr. Huxter,s chase brought to a halt? Who do you think was responsible for it?
9. Why did Mr. Marvel want to resign from the past of Griffin’s side kick? Did Griffin let him go?
10. Describe how griffin had his first stroke of luck. How did Dr.Kemp behave when he encountered
the Invisible Man?
11. What hardships did Griffin face in the realization of his discovery?
12. Griffin thought that as he was invisible, he could easily rob anyone. However, the hunch back
made it a hard task. Elaborate.
13. What were Griffin’s plans before meeting Dr. Kemp? How did they change after they both met?
14. Why was it impossible for Griffin to have removed himself out of the district after two O’clock in
the afternoon?
15. How did Griffin meet his tragic end?
121
16. Science is a good servant but a bad master. Justify the statement taking instances from ‘The
Invisible Man’ written by H. G. Wells.
17. The ‘Invisible Man’ is a good science fiction. Discuss.
18. Scientific inventions and discoveries should be used for welfare of mankind, not to bring disaster
and catastrophe. Discuss in the light of the novel ‘The Invisible Man’.
19. Had you been in the place of the scientist Griffin, how you would have used your scientific
discovery?
20. What values do you learn from the character of Dr. Kemp?
Few more questions with model answers:
1. Describe the strange visitor who came to the Coach and Horses inn. Why was Mrs. Hall
surprised and speechless to see the visitor?
It was biting cold when a mysterious stranger arrived at the “Coach and Horses” inn at Iping.
He was totally covered from head to foot with only the tip of his nose showing. Mrs. Hall, the owner
of the inn gave him accommodation without giving much consideration about his identity. He was
wearing spectacles with side lights, which looked like goggles and he was also carrying a black
suitcase made of leather. When Mrs. Hall went into his room to serve him tea, she entered swiftly
without knocking. She noticed that the guest had taken off his hat and overcoat. Mrs. Hall tried to
draw the stranger into a conversation by offering to take his hat and coat to put them in the kitchen
to dry. She heard a muffled voice and stood gaping at him. His head was bandaged up. His hair
escaping through them gave him a very grotesque appearance. Mrs. Hall was surprised by his
appearance and stood speechless to see the visitor.
2. What kind of a Scientist was Griffin? Did he use his scientific discovery in the right direction or
misused it? Give reasons for your answer.
The author uses the invisible man to experiment with depth to which a person can sink
when there are no special restrictions to suppress his behavior. Griffin was a very gifted scientist but
it is also true that he was eccentric. He is the only one to be blamed for his tragic end. He adopted
many evil ways to get his wishes fulfilled. He robbed his own father and also hurt the owner of the
costume shop. He wanted to establish a reign of terror and believe that his invisibility provided him
with godly power. In this way he misused this scientific discovery of invisibility. Science means a
community of scientists and their particulars traditions: like when you discover something awesome,
you are supposed to spread it among the people. The mass should reap the benefit of it. It should
bring their welfare not destruction.
3. Mr. Teddy was suspicious about the stranger. Comment.
Mr. Teddy Henfrey was a clock jobber who lived in the village of Iping. He was asked by Mrs.
Hall to repair the clock in the stranger’s room. The first time he encountered the man in bandaged
head, he was taken aback. He was left there in the company of the stranger. He was very inquisitive
about the stranger and worked as slow as possible in the hope of getting some details about him.
But the stranger caught him wasting time and rebuked him. He was clearly miffed. He thought that
the stranger was perhaps a criminal hiding away from the police. He said the same thing to Mr. Hall
also and in a way was the first one to spread rumors about the bandaged stranger guest.
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3. Describe the life of the stranger at the Inn. What did Mrs. Hall tell the villagers about her guest,
the strange visitor, staying in her inn?
No one in Iping really liked the stranger and everyone bad a theory about why he was so
weird. He did not go to church on Sundays but went for walks at night. The stranger was extremely
reclusive and demanded to be left alone, spending most of his time in his room working with a set of
chemicals and laboratory apparatus. He compensated for his messes by paying extra bills raised by
Mrs. Hall clearly. People of Iping thought that he was a criminal or an anarchist or a lunatic or simply
a freak.
The stranger did not have any social life. Mrs. Hall described the stranger as an “experimental
investigator” – which means a scientist and he had got some research that could be messed up by
people if they trespassed whenever they wanted. Also, he had sustained an accident, and his eyes
were sensitive, for which he was always covered and wore dark glasses. These were some of the
reasons given by Mrs. Hall to defend his guest staying at her inn.
5. “A smart remarkable story,” commented Mr. Bunting. Which story is he referring to? Why was it
remarkable?
Mr. Cuss, the general practitioner, was very much interested in the stranger because the
bandages excited his professional interest and the thousand and one bottles aroused his zealous
regard. He visited the stranger on a pretext. While the two men were talking Mrs. Hall stood outside
and tried to hear what was happening. She heard a cry of surprise a shuffling of feet, a bark of
laughter, quick steps to the door and Cuss appeared. Mr. Cuss went straight to Mr. Bunting, the
vicar. He started narrating the things he had just seen. He told Mr. Bunting that the stranger was of
irritable temper. He revealed that the stranger’s sleeve was empty. The stranger showed him his
sleeves but there was no hand. Then he tweaked Mr. Cuss’s nose but Mr. Cuss could not see
anything. Mr. Bunting looked suspiciously at Cuss. He looked very wise and grave. “It’s really”, said
Mr. Bunting with judicious emphasis; “a most remarkable story.”
6. The Bunting couple was left dumbfounded after the robbery in their study. Comment.
Mrs. Bunting woke up suddenly with strong impression that the door of their bedroom had
opened and closed. She heard the sound of someone’s footsteps. She made sure that the burglar
was at work before her husband was woken up. They went and heard someone searching in their
study. Mr. Bunting moved towards the study with a poker. They could hear the rustle of paper.
When they heard the tell-tale clink of money,
Rev. Bunting rushed into the study with the raised poker, but the room appeared to be empty. They
were certain that someone was there but the irony was there was no one to be seen. At that
moment there was a sneeze in the passage. Mr. Bunting ran towards the way. He heard the kitchen
door being opened. The couple kept starting but they could see no one. There was not a soul in the
house but the house keeping money was gone. This extraordinary incident left the Bunting couple
dumbfounded throughout the day.
7. Describe the episode of the unveiling of the stranger at Hall’s inn and his escape from there.
Mrs. Hall and the stranger started arguing about money because he had not paid his bill until
them, but he told that he had found some more money recently. This made everyone suspicious
about his involvement in the burglary at the Vicar. In anger, Mrs. Halls wanted to know what windfall
had availed him the money and what he had been doing to her chair upstairs. This made the
stranger so infuriated that he disclosed himself to the people at the inn. He removed the cloth
wrapped over his face. The centre of his face became a black cavity. He then handed her his pink
shining nose. Mrs. Hall took it in shock and dropped it screaming and staggering back. After that he
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removed his spectacles, his hat, his whiskers and then bandages. The stranger was a solid figure up
to the coat – collar, but nothing above at all. The people in the inn were terrified and ran away. Then
constable Mr. Jaffers went to arrest the stranger for the vicarage – burglary, but he failed in his
attempt. The stranger said he would surrender but he would not accept handcuffs. As the constable,
Halls and others watched, the man removed the rest of his clothes and became invisible before
them and escaped from the inn.
8. How was Mr. Huxter’s chase brought to a halt? Who do you think was responsible for it?
Mrs. Huxter was white washing when he saw a stranger in the village. He appeared to be
talking to himself as Mr. Huxter remarked. Initially, the stranger was not ready to enter the Coach
and Horses Inn but he made up his mind and entered. He saw Mrs. Hall there. Mr. Huxter was
keeping a keen watch on him. The stranger came out and stood there for some time. The man acted
suspiciously around the Coaches and Horses Inn.
Mr. Huxter’s suspicion was right. The stranger was a thief. He had stolen some books. Mr. Huxter ran
to catch the man but something tripped him and knocked him. So he was brought to an abrupt halt.
The invisible man was responsible for it.
9. Why did Mr. Marvel want to resign from the past of Griffin’s side kick? Did Griffin let him go?
Mr. Marvel was able to get away with the strange man’s stuffs along with his research notes.
He tried to sneak away from Griffin also. However, promised to be rewarded handsomely, but
perhaps the heist that he had to do at Iping was too much to take for him. He no longer wanted to
be a part of Griffin’s plans. He told him that he was a very bad aid and would probably get his plan
failed, but Griffin would not let him go.
He could easily empower the short man and needed him to carry his things around.
10. Describe how Griffin had his first stroke of luck. How did Dr. Kemp behave when he encountered
the Invisible Man?
Griffin chased Mr. Marvel and landed at the Jolly Cricketers. The invisible man attempts to
break in through the back door but he was overheard and shot by a black bearded American and fled
the scene badly injured. He went into a house seeking shelter and thinking to tend to his wound. He
realized that it was the house of an old acquaintance Dr. Kemp. Dr. Kemp saw blood at many places
and he was burdened with thoughts. He saw a bandage hanging in air. The invisible man made his
presence clear and asked Dr. Kemp to keep his nerve but he panicked. The invisible man had to
overpower him. After Dr. Kemp came to senses, Griffin reveled his true identity. Griffin thought that
it was very lucky of him to find Dr. Kemp in his time of need.
11. What hardships did Griffin face in the realization of his discovery?
Griffin, after leaving university, was desperately poor. Determined to achieve something, he
left London and university college six years ago and went to Chesilstowe, where he was a teacher
and a student. Initially he was a medical student but light and physics fascinated him more. He
decided to devote his life to the study of optical density. He started working like a slave. After six
months he was able to devise a formula to lower the refractive index of a substance to that of air
thus rendering it invisible. He had to keep his research a secret as his professor was a thief of ideas.
He did not want to lose the credit for his own research. He never mentioned his research to anyone.
Griffin was alone one night in the laboratory when he figured out how to make a man invisible.
However, he did not have the money he needed to complete his research. So he robbed his father.
Unfortunately, the money he stole was not actually his fathers and he shot himself.
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12. Griffin thought that as he was invisible, he could easily rob anyone. However, the hunch back
made it a hard task. Elaborate.
Griffin reached the shop of his desire in Drury Lane. There was no one in the shop and Griffin
entered. The gate had a clanking bell and immediately the owner of the house, a short hunched
man, came running down.
Griffin tried to follow the man but he sensed it and the quickness of his ear surprised Griffin a lot.
The man was busy washing his plates when Griffin put some coal in the fire. Immediately the man
came running upstairs. When Griffin was following him on the stairs he suddenly stopped and was
just an inch away from Griffin’s face. He had a hair breadth escape. Griffin was nearly caught when
he was searching for clothes.
This made the hunch back furious. He started locking the doors of the house and before Griffin could
do anything he was locked in a room. Griffin could hardly control himself and he knocked him out
cold and robbed him of all the money he could find there.
13. What were Griffin’s plans before meeting Dr. Kemp? How did they change after they both met?
Griffin outlines the plan he had to go to southern Europe or North Africa, where the heat
would allow him to remain invisible indefinitely. Griffin says that after being discovered by the
people of Iping, he was typing to get out of the country, but the plan had changed upon meeting Dr.
Kemp Mr. Marvel ran away with hisbooks and money. The books were vital and the unavailability of
the books made this plan impossible. He is now thinking of all the things that he can manage to do if
he had a side kick like Dr. Kemp. He now proposes that Kemp would hide him, maintain him and
assist him in this investigation. He can travel by a steamer to France and from there he can travel by
train to Spain or Algiers. There he wouldn’t have to wear any clothes and he might always be
invisible and yet live.
14. Why was it impossible for Griffin to have removed himself out of the district after two O’clock in
the afternoon?
In the afternoon, by virtue of Kemp’s dirty worded proclamation, he was presented as a
tangible antagonist, to be wounded, captured or overcome. The campaign to track him down was in
full spring. The Invisible
Man lies low. After two O’clock in the afternoon, it was impossible for Griffin to have removed
himself of the district as every passenger train travelled with locked doors and the goods traffic was
almost entirely suspended and in a great circle of twenty miles round port Burdock, men armed with
guns and bludgeons were setting out in groups of three and four, with dogs, to beat the roads and
fields. All the people were warned to lock up their houses and keep indoors unless they were armed.
All were made aware of the necessity of keeping the invisible man from food and sleep.
15. How did Griffin meet his tragic end?
Griffin was filled with murderous rage. His confident, Dr. Kemp had betrayed him. He
decided to murder Dr. Kemp to set an example. He sieges his house. However, Dr. Kemp was saved
by two police men and Griffin was hurt. Kemp continued to run towards Burdock and Griffin
followed Dr. Kemp couldn’t make up his mind about where to seek shelter. Meanwhile, in response
to Kemp’s yelling, everyone nearby tried to find and hit the invisible man. Even though people
couldn’t see him, they were able to grab hold of the invisible man and kept him down. The effort
was not needed for long as Griffin had been fatally injured and seemed to have lost a lot of blood.
The effect of invisibility was gradually reversed. Griffin died in struggle.
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In death, his invisible body gradually materialised again. The ‘gifted physicist’ met a tragic end.
16. Science is a good servant but a bad master. Justify the statement taking instances from ‘The
Invisible Man’ written by H. G. Wells.
The present world is the world of science. Science has immense contribution towards the
development and uplift of mankind. Science has created a lot of technologies through which the
man is able to fly in air and swim in water. New discoveries by science have made the man to lead a
luxurious life. As the development of science is going upstairs the man is becoming lazy. He is not
able to decide how to utilise science and ultimately he is becoming the servant of science, as a result
of which, the affect is reversed. This has happened in case Griffin in the novel, “The Invisible Man”.
Griffin was a very talented and gifted scientist but he was not able to utilise his talent for the
betterment of the society. Griffin, by his discovery made himself invisible but instead of developing
the society, he killed so many people and terrorised the society.
He did not leave his old friend Dr. Kemp and Mrs. Hall who had kept Griffin in her inn. The whole
society was horrified by the activities of Griffin. Not even a single work of Griffin was utilised for the
development of the society. His discovery, his based work totally went in vain. He had become the
servant of science. His invention brought catastrophic effect to the society instead of bringing upliftmen. So, science should be our servant as it a good servant, but a bad master.
17. The ‘Invisible Man’ is a good science fiction. Discuss.
“The Invisible Man“is a work in the science fiction genre. The story in whole is situated in the
countryside making it interesting for the readers. The story is based on the major themes like
“Theme of Corruption of morals in absence of social restriction”, “Theme of violence” and “Theme of
Science”. The plot of the story is on a mean but talented scientist who uses his invention in a bad
way to terrorise the people. The novel consists of suspense, amazement, scientific theory based plot,
humour and climax in the end making it a very good, interesting and enjoyable novel. Thanks to H G
Wells.
18. Scientific inventions and discoveries should be used for welfare of mankind, not to bring disaster
and catastrophe. Discuss in the light of the novel ‘The Invisible Man’.
Scientific inventions and discoveries are made usually when there is a vital need of that
particular by the mankind. In the novel “The Invisible Man” Griffin invented a new formula of
invisibility out of his curiosity and scientific interest. Scientific inventions prove themselves worthy
and helpful for the mankind as they help the humans in various fields and make many a things
possible which were thought to be impossible. But in this case Griffin used his invention for his own
self, to vanquish his own thirst for money and robbed whomever he wanted killed people and made
it impossible for the people to live in peace. Griffin was too mean as he wanted to create fear in
everyone and wanted everyone to serve him. With his invention he thought himself tom be superior,
but this brought nothing to anyone. At the end he suffered a serve and painful death. He made
himself an example to prove the point that scientific inventions and discoveries should be used for
welfare of the mankind, not to bring disaster and catastrophe.
19. Had you been in the place of the scientist Griffin, how you would have used your scientific
discovery?
If I had been in the place of the scientist Griffin, I would have used by scientific approach for
the betterment of the society. I would have created some more new discoveries which would have
helped the people to lead a developed life.
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A scientific discovery is meant for the welfare of the society, not for the destruction. Griffin missutilised his discovery and caused devastation to the society, but I would definitely help the people in
many ways through my new scientific approaches. Science without humanity or conscience is
inhuman and base.
20. What values do you learn from the character of Dr. Kemp?
Dr. Kemp is a scientist living in the town of port Burdock. He is an old friend of Griffin, who
comes to his house to hide after Griffin’s transformation into “The Invisible Man” Kemp has a hard
time accepting that his friend, who he had not seen for years, suddenly he overcomes his shock and
sits down and talks with Griffin.
Kemp them allowed Griffin to relate the story of how he began his experiments, and all that
happened to him between his arrival on his old friend’s doorstep and then. Kemp, realizing that
Griffin is insane with power, is quick to summon Colonel Adge of the port Burdock police. Adge fails
to apprehend
Griffin, who escapes and brands Kemp a traitor, vowing to kill him. We here have seen that Dr. Kemp
is a considerate person. Through he knew that his old friend was doing destruction to the society,
still he allowed him to narrate his story of becoming invisible. For Griffin’s safety only he summoned
the police and he also wanted the society to be saved from the catastrophic activities of Griffin. But
Griffin was mad in his power and he killed Dr. Kemp.
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These questions are based on values & key messages brought out on the basis of prescribed
text. These should be answered in about 100 words. Content will be marked for three marks and
expression for two marks. Students have the liberty to go beyond the set text.
The Last Lesson
1 “When a people are enslaved, as long as they hold fast to their language it is as if they had the key
to their prison.”
After reading M. Hamel‟s statement you begin to realise the importance of mother tongue that is
losing its significance in the present times.
Write an article for a national daily on the need of reviving the status of the mother tongue.
2 Then he turned to the black board , took a piece of chalk and bearing on with all his might , he
wrote as large as he could Vive La France ……………….
Abraham Lincoln , a former President of America said , “I like to see a man proud of the place in
which he lives.
I like to see a man live so that his place will be proud of him.”
After reading the lesson and the above quote of Abraham Lincoln you begin to reflect on the loss of
spirit of patriotism amongst the youth in India due to which there is no respect for one‟s
countrymen and no determination amongst the youth to lead the country to a better future.
Write an article in about hundred words for a national magazine on the need for revival of patriotic
spirit amongst the youth in India.
3 “…….. his terrible iron ruler under his arm”. It has been said, “spare the rod and spoil the child”.
The abolition of corporal punishment from schools in India has boosted students‟ confidence. Do
you agree or not?
4 “They preferred to put you to work on a farm or at the mills, so as to have a little more money”.
Some parents do not understand the importance of education. They want their kids to work. The
Govt. has introduced the Right to Education Act. What changes it can bring about in the attitude of
the parents. Explain.
5 The elders of the village were sitting in the classroom. The participation of the community is
necssary for a healthy and productive education system. Comment.
6 Franco Prussian war had impacted all spheres of life, even the schools. It caused an emotional
turmoil in the life of the civilians.
Can war/violence be a solution to any problem?
7 “It was so warm, so bright ……….. birds were chirping …… The Prussian soldiers were drilling …………
It was all much more tempting”. In the present scenario / times there are more distractions (malls, ipads, facebook etc). The will to resist is the only solution. Explain.
8 M. Hamel becomes an honest role model for the students on the day of the last lesson.
How does a teacher play a constructive role in the life of the students in the present times?
Lost Spring
1. Saheb and Mukesh are representatives of the underprivileged and impoverished section of the
society. The society has its role of credit for their condition.
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How as a concerned student of the society you can perform your duty to educate them?
Discuss.
2. Childhood is the spring time of one‟s life but Saheb and Mukesh are the victims of the evil of child
labour. You feel pained to see children working at factories, dhabas and tea stalls. Empathising with
them give concrete suggestions to deal with the problem.
3. In search of decent living conditions and better means of survival people are migrating to
metropolitan cities. That is not a journey to heaven. In this rat race they are losing their identity. One
should not lose one‟s identity in search of gold. Comment.
4. Saheb-e-Alam, a destitute, watches a game of tennis from a distance. He longs to be one of the
players.
Shakespeare says,” Sweet are the uses of adversity”.
Can one use his dreams to lead to brighter life in future? Elucidate.
5. Slums & Mukesh‟s lodgings pose a threat to healthy life. Do you think that better living conditions
will give a positive viewpoint to them towards life? Write an article on Health is Wealth.
6. But promises like mine abound ….. in their bleak world”.
Saheb and others like him spend their life on unfulfilled promises. What role should the youth play
to improve their conditions through programmes like „Each one Teach one‟ . Give your views in 100
words.
7. Cottage industry is being exploited by the middlemen and sahukars. The workers are afraid of
organizing themselves into co-operatives. The main reason is that they are not aware and daring.
Write an article on Awareness may open new avenues for the poor.
8. Being illiterates Saheb and Mukesh are unaware of their rights and are exploited by „the vicious
circle‟.
Can education be an answer to this? Comment.
9. “Can a God given lineage ever be broken” says Mukesh‟s grandmother.
Do you think that one should choose his profession by choice and not by chance (of being born in a
particular caste) Discuss.
10. “And daring is not a part of his growing up. When I sense a flash of it in Mukesh. I am cheered….”
Daring and fearlessness is the only way which can bring about a radical change in life. Do you agree
with the statement? Comment.
11. Migration has resulted in overpopulation in the big cities hence increasing the burden on limited
resources. Conservation of resources is the duty of everyone. Comment that sustainable
development is our moral duty.
12. Apathy and lack of concern have added fuel to the miseries of Saheb and Mukesh. The
bureaucrats and politicians are unconcerned to their miseries. Do you feel that concern and
compassion can drastically change the condition of the deprived?
Deep Water
1. Fear is the stumbling block to success unless challenged. Douglas proves it by overcoming his fear
of water. Grit and courage of Douglas helped him do that.
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“Braving the odds is the key to success”. Comment.
2. “Practice makes a man perfect”.
Douglas tries hard to reach to the level of perfection by perseverance.
“Never, never, never give in” Churchill. Comment.
3. Douglas was tossed into the deeper end by a big bruiser of a boy. Bullying is a common
phenomenon of present times. Even in Indian schools it is commonly witnessed. Do you think it is
the moral duty of every senior to support and protect the juniors?
Write a note on Bullying; a threat to development of a child.
4. “What though the field be lost all is not lost, the unconquerable will and the courage never to
submit or yield” John Milton Strong will power sustains even in the worst circumstances. Strong will
power helped Douglas to overcome his fear of water.
Write an article on “Role of strong will power in attaining success”.
5. Even after becoming a swimmer Douglas was not satisfied whether he had overcome his fear of
water. He decided to achieve it through self-learning.
“The goal may be distant but awake, arise & stop not till the goal is reached.” Swami Vivekananda.
Write an article in 100 words on self-learning helps in building the self-confidence and a complete
personality.
6. Fear of water remained with Douglas even as years rolled by. He did not want to live with his
handicap and so tried his level best to overcome this fear. Refusal to live with a handicap paves the
way for greater achievement. Comment.
The Rattrap
1. The peddler betrayed the trust of the crafter and was caught in the trap of the world. Temptation
to bait should be resisted at any cost. Write a note on „Strength of Character‟.
2. In the forest, the peddler felt trapped. He even accepted his approaching death. This shows that
the burden of guilt of theft of money from the crafter is really heavy upon him. Write a note on Guilt
burdens you and disturbs the peace of mind.
3. The Rattrap highlights human predicament / weakness and tendency to fall prey to temptations.
In this pursuit, the real aim of life i.e. attaining spiritual heights is lost somewhere. Comment on
“Contentment – the purpose of life”.
4. Edla with her love and compassion is a true living example of humanity and brings out the best in
the rattrap peddler. Confidence, optimism and kindness may reform weak personalities. Comment.
5. Selfless love, empathy, sympathy and compassion provide a healing touch to the distracted souls.
This is evident from the story The Rattrap. Common on the role of human values in bringing about
change in one‟s behaviour.
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6. The letter of the peddler addressed to Edla is a fine example of purification of soul through
confession. He signs himself as Captain Von Stahle, achieving the self esteem. Write an article on
“Confession leads to self esteem”.
7. “But of course it is you, Nils Olof. How you do look? Now of course, you will come home with me,”
says the iron master. However he proves to be wrong later on. “Impulsive / rash decisions are
generally wrong”. Road rage is the burning example of such behaviour. Comment.
Indigo
1. Rajkmar Shukla kept following Gandhi for weeks and finally reached his ashram. “Fix a date” he
begged.
Impressed by the Sharecropper‟s tenacity and story Gandhi agreed.
Write an article on determination works wonders.
2. “But Gandhi was not allowed to draw water from the well lest some drops from his bucket pollute
the entire sources…..”
“Untouchability is a curse”. Write an article in about 100 words.
3. “Where peasants are so crushed and fear stricken law courts are useless. The real relief for them
is to be free from fear.” Gandhi.
Though the times were difficult but fear has increased their suffering. It happens even today. Write
an article on Fear is Man‟s worst enemy.
4. “The officials felt powerless without Gandhi‟s Co-operation. He helped them regulate the crowd”.
This shows Gandhi was a great leader.
Can good leadership quality help a student in becoming a good citizen in a democracy?
5. “Gandhi signed a receipt for the notice and write on it that he would disobey the order”.
With these words Gandhi started a new era in Indian politics. Civil disobedience helped him in
achieving freedom from the British without any violence. Write an article on the relevance of Nonviolence in modern times.
6. “He saw the cultural and social backwardness in the Champaran villages and wanted to do
something about it immediately”. He appealed and many joined from different parts of India to do
social work in Champaran.
Do you think social service can provide solution to many of the problems faced by Indians like
illiteracy, cleanliness, health, environment etc. Comment.
7. “Gandhi in this way taught us a lesson in self-reliance”.
Write an article on value of self reliance.
8. “What about the injustice to the sharecroppers”. Gandhi demanded. These words of Gandhi
inspired the lawyers to fight for the just cause of the poor peasants.
This is a selfless trait of every good human being to fight for justice to the poor and deprived. Write
an article on “Fight for justice –need of the hour”.
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Going Places
1. Sophie lives in a poor locality in miserable conditions. Even in her house dirt and squalor are all
around and it affects the mindset of Sophie. Write an article on “Cleanliness is next to godliness”.
2. Sophie always dreamt of becoming a manager, fashion designer, an actress and owner of a
boutique. Though she was earmarked / destined for biscuit factory, dreams are required for growth
but day dreams hamper it. Write an article on “Unrealistic dreams – bane to growth”.
3. Like all other teenagers, Sophie lived in world of fantasy and worshipped her soul‟s hero Danny
Casey. She goes to the extent of imagining a date with him and feels disappointed – when this
realization dawns upon her that it was a waking dream. Write an article on “Self deception leads to
depression”.
4. “Now I have become sad, she thought. And it is a hard burden to carry this sadness. Sitting here
and waiting” Sophie‟s wild fantasies have led her to a very disappointing situation. She is herself
responsible for her frustration . You feel that one has to live in the realistic world. Write an article on
adolescent fantasies leading to disappointment.
5. “The small room was steamy from the stove and cluttered with the heavy-breathing man in his
vest at the table and the dirty washing piled up in the corner”.
This shows that Sophie‟s family belonged to the lower middle class of the society. This has played a
role in Sophie‟s fantasizing .
How does socio – economic background influence a child‟s development?
POETRY SECTION
1) Kamala Das is shattered to see her mother ageing & nearing her death. On the other hand she
feels agonized on her inability to take care of her. You feel that youth should take care of the aged.
Write an article on Taking care of the aged, our duty.
2) Stephen Spender is pained at the indifferent attitude of the society as well as the authorities
towards the poor, who are concerned to lead a life of deprivation, penury and want. You empathize
with those children & want something to be done for this section. Comment Education and exposure
can change the plight of the poor children.
3) Keeping Quiet is an expression of the poet to silence. He highlights the need of quiet introspection
and mutual understanding leading to peace. Do you think that in the present situation keeping quiet
may prove the way to peace. Comment.
4) “He prayeth well
Who loveth well, all things big & small” (Coleridge)
A thing of beauty provides a platform for all to be one with God. Appreciating beautiful things is
appreciating God. In the present times man is stressed & you feel that proximity to values (beautiful
things) will lead him to everlasting happiness. Comment .
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5) Aunt Jennifer is the representative of exploited women. She succumbs to the tortures & ordeals.
In the wake of twenty first century we boast of development but exploit women. Write an article on
woman empowerment.
Answer
VALUE POINTS
Students may cover any three of the following suggestive points. Any other relevant point will be
equally acceptable.
THE LAST LESSON
1. Value Points
i. Better understanding of the subject matter.
ii. Better expression.
iii. Easy references / allusions.
iv. Related to culture and way of living.
v. Everyone should feel proud of one‟s mother tongue.
2. Value Points
i. Country‟s youth value – starved-facing a total crisis.
ii. Violence, separations and inter & intra group conflicts, political apathy reigning order of the day.
iii. Secured freedom but not utilized freedom in its true perspective.
iv. Need for good leadership and governance.
3. Value Points
i. Increased interest of students to come to school.
ii. Not scared of teachers.
iii. Truancy has fallen.
iv. Confidence in expressing their view points.
4. Value Points:
i. More aware of value of educating kids.
ii. Constitutionally bound.
iii. No fees- Free and compulsory education is encouraging.
iv. Various schemes: free books, uniform, mid day meal etc.
5. Value Points:
i. Helps in maintaining discipline and healthy environment.
ii. Inculcating the social values.
iii. Spreading awareness – controlling diseases, education social evils etc.
iv. Immediate Solutions – Role of V.K.S. and P.T.A.
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6. Value Points:
i. No; Violence is no solution.
ii. Disturbs peace: internal & external.
iii. Hampers development.
iv. Snatches identity.
7. Value Points:
I.
II.
III.
IV.
Helps in evading distractions.
Provides focus to life‟s aim.
Strength of character.
Nurturing the will to resist by guidance and counselling.
8. Value Points:
i. Friend, philosopher and guide.
ii. Strength of character.
iii. Motivates.
iv. Model behavior.
v. Use of modern- technology in education.
LOST SPRING
1.
i) Each one Teach one.
ii) Spreading awareness.
iii) Motivating parents as well as kids.
iv) Working with the authorities.
2.
i) Strict and stringent laws with focus on implementation.
ii) Awareness about various programmes – R.T.E.
iii) education with vocational training and flexi timings, mobile schools.
3.
i) Culture to be preserved.
ii) Development of all the regions: slums & villages.
iii) Dignity of labour.
iv) Food security.
4.
i) Dreams help in achieving goals.
ii) Motivation
iii) Hard work
iv) Consistency.
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5.
i) Healthy mind in a healthy body.
ii) Healthy person a productive citizen.
iii) Not a liability but an asset.
iv) Better health better outlook.
6.
i) Can educate them.
ii) Vocational training.
iii) Making them self sufficient.
iv) Can fulfill the promises themselves.
7.
i) Knowledge is power.
ii) Understanding rights & duties.
iii) Can take maximum advantage of govt. schemes.
iv) Stops exploitation.
v) Power of co-operatives.
8.
i) Yes, Education awares.
ii) Comes to know about their rights.
iii) Confident & fearless.
iv) Rationale.
9.
i) Freedom of choice to the youth.
ii) No stress: Learning – a pleasure.
iii) Better output.
iv) Self satisfaction.
10.
i) Fear is the worst enemy of Man.
ii) Free thinking & good decisions with fearlessness.
iii) High level of confidence.
iv) Constructive & Creditable citizen.
11.
i) The earth is not our property but a legacy to be transferred.
ii) Think about future generations.
iii) Renewable sources of energy.
iv) Check on population & migration to cities.
12.
i) Added to the main stream.
ii) Eliminates the feeling alienation.
iii) Gives Confidence.
iv) Brings out the best.
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Deep Water
1.
i) Acceptance to challenge.
ii) Patience & perseverance.
iii) Overcoming hurdles.
iv) Achieving goals.
2.
i) Persistent efforts.
ii) Will: Never to surrender.
iii) Braving the odds.
iv) Self satisfaction: true measure of success.
3.
i) Increases inequality.
ii) Instills fear.
iii) Aversion to schools & colleges.
iv) Drastic / fatal results.
v) No to Bullying.
4.
i) Resistance to temptations.
ii) Goal – oriented.
iii) Overcoming obstacles.
iv) Increases positive – thinking.
5.
i) You do-you learn.
ii) Self – reliance.
iii) Helps in development of personality.
iv) Trust in one‟s capabilities.
5.
i) Handicap – not a stumbling block always.
ii) Strong will power can counter handicap.
iii) Better training & proper follow up – revival of confidence.
iv) End product: a complete personality.
The Rattrap
i) When character is lost – everything is lost.
ii) Develops resistance to temptations.
iii) Role model for society.
iv) Trustworthy.
2.
i) Increases stress and snatches peace.
ii) Negative thoughts develop.
iii) Loses confidence.
iv) Confession purifies and provides relief.
3.
i) Cut throat competition lessens.
ii) Brings peace of mind & minimizes wants.
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iii) Enhances personality.
iv) Gives birth to diversity.
4.
i) Love to humanity is love to God.
ii) Fellow feeling is a lifeline of humanity.
iii) Reform weak personalities and society.
iv) Bring out best in man.
5.
i) Value education – need of the hour.
ii) Understanding oneself.
iii) Brings about positive changes.
iv) Achievement of self-esteem.
6.
i) Confession helps in releasing burden of guilt
ii) Purification of soul.
iii) Helps in regaining confidence.
iv) Understanding oneself.
7.
i) Impulsive decisions are rash.
ii) Think before deciding or acting.
iii) Disastrous results.
iv) May lead to lifelong suffering.
Indigo
1.
i) Key to success.
ii) Seemingly unattainable targets are met.
iii) Gives strength to fight.
iv) Energies are channelized.
2.
i) Against the principle of equality.
ii) Results in hatred, segregation.
iii) Class struggle.
iv) Unconstitutional
v) Right to equality is the answer.
3.
i) Checks growth.
ii) Leads to exploitation and disappointment
iii) Low self esteem.
iv) Freedom from fear – the only answer.
4.
i) Confidence in oneself.
ii) Effective argumentation and negotiation.
iii) Fearlessness.
iv) Realisation of goals.
v) Examples from life.
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5.
i) World is violence ridden.
ii) Tolerance towards others.
iii) No destruction.
iv) Guarantee for universal peace.
6.
i) Improve quality of life.
ii) Assists government agencies.
iii) Eradicated evil.
iv) Can spread awareness.
v) Influences all fields of life.
7.
i) Self help is greatest help.
ii) Leads to independence.
iii) Following one‟s instincts and ideas.
iv) Leads to free thinking.
8.
i) Not to succumb to circumstances.
ii) Better to die on your feet than to live on your knees.
iii) Ensures justice.
iv) Leads through peace.
Going Places
1.
i) Healthy environment – good for growth.
ii) Check on spread of diseases.
iii) Leads to positive thinking.
iv) Helps in building strong nation.
2.
i) Unrealistic dreams – distract from goals.
ii) Demotivating.
iii) Develops the feeling of escapism.
iv) Self deception and distorted personality.
3.
i) Self deception leads to frustrated personality.
ii) Cause of failure.
iii) Creates complexes.
iv) Lame excuses.
v) Live in realistic world.
4.
i) Immature thinking.
ii) Lack of experience.
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iii) Limited vision.
iv) Guidance and counselling can help.
5.
i) Major factor influencing child psychology.
ii) Disparity leads to escapism.
iii) Confused due to different sets of values.
iv) Social evils lead to personality disorders.
Poetry
1.
i) Pathetic condition.
ii) Soft targets for criminals.
iii) Emotional support from family.
iv) Financial security and respect.
2. A
i) Education empowers.
ii) Exposure to outside world
iii) Education Prepares for the battle of life.
iv) Brings out the best in them.
3.
i) Keeping quiet leads to introspection.
ii) Helps in understanding others.
iii) Must for world peace.
iv) Lessens arguments and disputes.
4. A
i) Appreciating beautiful things.
ii) What man has made of man.
iii) Nature has a pacifying effect.
iv) Sustenance through hardships.
v) Must be preserved.
5.
i) Women empowerment – necessary for country’s growth.
ii) Education for women.
iii) Gender sensitization.
iv) Women are future leaders.
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VALUE BASED QUESTIONS FROM VARIOUS SAMPLE PAPERS:
The Last Lesson
1. ‘Bah! I’ve got plenty of time. I’ll learn it tomorrow.’
Franz was shocked when he heard that it was the last lesson and he hardly knew French, his mother
tongue. Many of us find ourselves in similar situations and regret when all is over. What qualities
should we inculcate in life so that we are able to achieve our goals? (5)
Value Points
 Hardwork
 Valuing time
 Regularity
 Consistency
 Punctuality
 Determination and perseverance
Deep Water
1. ‘There is terror only in the fear of death, as Roosevelt knew when he said, ‘All we have to fear is
fear itself.’ Coming face to face with a fear, instead of suppressing it helps one to do away with it
completely, just like Douglas did in the story Deep Water. What qualities should one possess to live a
rich and fulfilling life by overcoming fear, which is only present in your mind? (5)
Expected answer:
 Determination
 Will power
 Perseverance
 Persistence
 Courage
 Steadiness
 Tenacity
2. Cases of older children bullying younger ones have become alarmingly common, especially in a
school environment. How would you connect it to William Douglas’ experience at the YMCA
swimming pool? What is the mindset of the modern youth that is reflected through such incidents?
Which values do you think we must imbibe in order to change? (5)
Expected answer:
 Introspection
 Freedom from complexes
 Acceptance
 Forgiveness
 Compassion
 Courage
 Honesty
Lost Spring
1. Mukesh & the other bangle makers are unable to break out of the vicious circle of poverty due
to the collusion of government agencies, sahukars, middlemen & the police. What are the values
that are lacking in these people? (5)
Expected Answer
 empathy & sympathy
 sensitivity towards the rights of others to lead a life of dignity
 Sensitivity towards the right to education of poor children
 responsibility towards society
 desire to uplift the socially backward
 Personal responsibility towards performing their jobs well & with honesty
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The Rattrap
1. In spite of utmost generosity and kindness shown by the crofter, he couldn’t bring in the change
of heart in the peddler, unlike Edla Wilmanson. His money was still stolen by the peddler. What,
according to you, was missing in his behavior although he appeared to be compassionate? (5)
Expected answer
 Genuine and selfless compassion ( the most important value point)
 Crofter needed company as he was lonely
 Acts of kindness arising out of one’s needs and compulsions cannot be seen as acts of true
compassion.
 Edla Wilmanson exhibited true and unconditional kindness, hospitality and concern. And,
therefore, transformed him.
2. The peddler’s instance speaks on a general level to the entire society, urging for a different
outlook towards those maligned individuals who can be redeemed by compassion and
understanding. The rehabilitation programmes at the prisons follow the same value. In the light of
the instance mentioned above, how do you think society can help individuals, especially, juvenile
delinquents, from falling prey to petty crimes and bad habits? (5)
Expected answer
 Compassion
 Sympathy
 Empathy
 Understanding of human nature
 Love and concern for fellow beings.
3. “The whole world is a stage and we are all actors”, sounds romantic but in reality the world is
nothing but the trap, we are all rats and the worldly things are nothing but baits. How important is it
for a person not to get trapped and get away from the worldly baits? Discuss the essential values
required by a person to overcome the temptations in life. (5)
Expected answer
 strong will
 social accountability
 prudence
 sense of judgement
Indigo
1. Gandhi’s experience in Champaran and his success in improving the lot of the peasants establish
him as a true leader. What values surface from this instance of Gandhi’s fight for the peasants? (5)
Expected Answer
 Belief in the cause
 Perseverance
 Patience
 Integrity of character
 Self-reliance
 Courage
 Organized
2. ‘It was an extraordinary thing ‘in those days’, Gandhi commented for a government professor to
harbour a man like me.’
Many ordinary people did extraordinary things to render our freedom struggle successful. What do
you think urged them to act in a way that most others did not?
 Courage
 Patriotism
 Truth and honesty
 Patriotism
3. Rajkumar Shukla, a poor, unassuming peasant became a catalyst for change by taking Gandhi to
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Champaran, an act which later culminated into the first successful instance of Civil Disobedience in
India. What qualities do you think helped Shukla and Gandhi, respectively, to initiate one of the most
powerful movements in the history of our national struggle?
 Courage
 Being resolute
 Determination
 Will power
 Standing by truth and honesty
 Patriotism
 Empathy
Poets and Pancakes
1. “Even in the matter of education, especially formal education, Subbu couldn’t have had an
appreciable lead over the boy. But by virtue of being born a Brahmin – a virtue indeed! – he must
have had exposure to more affluent situations.”
Luck is one of the factors that could help a man to rise in life but it is not the only factor. What are
the other qualities/values that help a man to rise above himself in life? Elucidate the statement with
an example from your life.
Expected Answer
 Hard work
 Loyalty
 Sincerity
 Devotion
 Being enthusiastic
 Being helpful
 Positive attitude
The Interview
1. The media has departed from being an ‘art form’ and have sold themselves at the altar of cheap
sensationalism. According to you, mention the values required to bring about a positive change in
the attitude and approach of the media. (5)
Expected answer:
 Integrity
 Sensitivity
 Respect for others’ sentiments
 Rectitude
 Ethical approach
 Honesty towards the profession
 Morally upright
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
1.
Additional support material on value based questions for the session 2012-13 (English),
Directorate of Education, govt. of NCT of Delhi.
2.
http://liveenglish11.blogspot.in/2012/08/passage-for-practice-note-making-and.html.
3.
S. G. Mahapatra, P.G.T. English, JNV Vizag(A.P.)
4.
Value based questions for the session 2012-13 (English), CSSC CHENNAI
5.
www.google.com
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