September 2013 - Civiele Techniek en Geowetenschappen

Transcription

Nieuwsbrief Sanitary Engineering
Uitgave:
Redactie:
Contact:
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Nummer:
TU Delft • Faculteit CiTG • sectie Sanitary Engineering
Jennifer Duiverman• Jules van Lier
Postbus 5048 • 2600 GA Delft • +31(0)15 2783347 • secr-gez-citg@tudelft.nl
www.sanitaryengineering.tudelft.nl
13e jaargang nummer 4 • September 2013
Redactie
Het einde van de zomer is in zicht. Nog even een 30+
“the MOOC”. Met Anke en Peter als Spindoktors, hebben
eindsprint en de zomer van 2013 gaat te boek als
we het traject volledig in de hand en de inschrijvingen
bijzonder geslaagd! Een ideale zomer. Ik heb weinig
nemen gestaag toe naar het ongelooflijke aantal van
mensen horen klagen dus ik ga er maar van uit dat,
20.000 studenten voor onze “Introduction to Water
behalve mezelf, de meeste mensen op zijn minst
Technology MOOC”. Uiteraard gaan we ervan uit dat
thermo-tolerant zijn. Een voldaan gevoel? Iets knaagt
deze aantallen worden meegenomen in de berekening
er wel. De sectie Sanitary Engineering is doorgegroeid
outputfinanciering zodat we met een gerust hart naar
naar een coherente groep van waterspecialisten uit de
de toekomst kunnen kijken. Het indirecte effect van de
verschillende sub-disciplines. We worden binnen de
MOOC is een wereldwijde interesse voor onze opleiding.
Faculteit als voorbeeld gesteld als het gaat over gender
Met een mogelijk numerus fixus in het verschiet kunnen
equity, en de voertaal is veranderd van Nederlands naar
we overgaan tot selectie van alleen de beste studenten..
Engels (alleen nog het voorwoord van die Nieuwsbrief..).
Naast de MOOC start in september ook onze online
In deze ontwikkeling hadden we een vast baken, een
MSc, waarmee we volledig meebewegen met de nieuwe
trouwe medewerkster die achter de schermen de tent
ontwikkelingen in onderwijsland. Meebewegen, laveren
liet draaien. Goed gelezen, de zin is in verleden tijd…
op de toppen van de golven, gebruik maken van reeds
Op 12 september nemen we officieel afscheid van ons
bestaande stromingen en krachten. Dit waren juist de
aller “Mieke”, zij gaat met pensioen. Mieke was jaren ons
overwegingen die ik had toen ik dit jaar met een zeilboot
‘single entry point’, met volledig overzicht over het reilen
de Cycladen in Griekenland rondvoer in de vakantie. Met
en zeilen van de sectie. Niemand wist het, maar in feite
windkracht 7 en lange zeegolven heeft het geen zin om
was Mieke ons sectiehoofd, baken voor staf en tijdelijk
tegendraads te zijn. De krachten zijn simpelweg te groot.
medewerkers. Zoals aan elk mooi feestje komt ook hier
Maar gebruikmakend van de krachten blijkt dat je opeens
aan een eind. We zijn Mieke zeer dankbaar voor haar
de boot met een ongelooflijke snelheid van 10 knopen
inzet en we wensen haar een ongelooflijk mooie tijd toe in
vooruit kunt krijgen. We zullen dankbaar gebruik maken
goede gezondheid. Natuurlijk blijft ze tot in de lengte der
van de verdiensten van Mieke, het Delft online onderwijs
dagen als bijzondere gast zeer welkom bij onze sectie.
team en ons eigen kunnen om onze kennis voor een
Maar goed het tekent de zomer van waar men dacht daar
ieder ter wereld beschikbaar te maken. Hijs de zeilen..!
komt nooit een einde aan (wie zong dat ook al weer).
Daarnaast werd de zomer getekend door een grafiek
Jules van Lier
waarvan we wekelijks een update kregen. De TU Delft en
zeker onze sectie Sanitary Engineering, is in de greep van
Nieuwsbrief ontvangen?
Wilt u onze nieuwsbrief ook ontvangen? Stuur dan een e-mail naar de sectie Sanitary Engineering: secr-gez-citg@tudelft.nl
Nieuwsbrief Sanitary Engineering september 2013
Agenda
Data colloquia
16.00-17.00 uur
Spreker 1
Spreker 2
Spreker 3
Locatie
19-09-2013
Guido Kooijman
Jorge Elias Maxil
Joaquin Osorio
02.110
24-10-2013
Helena Sales Ortells Yu Tao
Lina Bachert
2.62
14-11-2013
Haoyu Wang
Steef de Valk
Annelies Aarts
2.62
05-12-2013 (10.30)
Xuedong Zhang
Nikola Stanic
Sam Olivero
4.98
Promoties
Conferenties
Amer El-Kalliny
International Water Week Conference
Topic:
Photocatalytic Oxidation for Drinking Water
Datum:
5-6 november 2013
Treatment Using Hypochlorite and Titanium
Locatie:
Amsterdam RAI
Dioxide
Water Movie Challenge
Datum:
25-09-2013
Participation:
Tijd:
10.00 uur
More information: tracing@waternetwerk.nl
www.facebook.com/youngiww
Locatie: TU Delft, Aula
Vakantiecursus 2014
Anke Grefte
Datum:
10 januari 2014
Topic:
Removal of Natural Organic Matter Fractions
Locatie:
TU Delft, CiTG, collegezaal A en B
by Anion Exchange
Aanmelden: www.aanmelder.nl/vakantiecursus2014
Datum:
29-11-2013
Meer informatie:secr-gez-citg@tudelft.nl
Tijd:
10.00 uur
Locatie: TU Delft, Aula
Afstudeercolloquia
Gea Terhorst
Workshops & Symposia
Topic:
Verandering van de drinkwaterkwaliteit in
SLIMM monitoren van de drinkwaterkwaliteit
een distributienetwerk; de effecten van
Datum:
26-09-2013
transport en opstarten van een nieuwe
Tijd:
12.30-16.30 uur
zuivering
Locatie:
Productiebedrijf Engelse Werk van
Datum:
20-09-2013
Vitens, Ruiterlaan 46, 8019 BP Zwolle
Tijd:
14.00 uur
Aanmelden: www.waternetwerk.nl
Kennisprogramma Urban Drainage
Datum:
24-10-2013
Tijd:
13.00-16.00 uur
Locatie:
Deltares, Rotterdamseweg 185, Delft
Informatie: www.gezondheidstechniek.tudelft.nl
Aanmelden: j.g.langeveld@tudelft.nl
2
Locatie: TU Delft, CiTG, zaal G
Workshops
3
4
Promotieverslagen
Photocatalytic Oxidation for Drinking
Water Treatment Using Hypochlorite and
Titanium Dioxide
of HA in LPUV/NaOCl process is higher than that for
the MPUV/NaOCl process, which results in a higher
initial rate of AOX and CHCl3 formation. This raised
the attention to the risk of using the LPUV/NaOCl
Amer El-Kalliny
process especially at the short reaction times that are
relevant for water treatment. Based on the obtained
The main focus of this thesis is to study the advanced
results, a fixed-bed photocatalytic reactor can be
oxidation processes (AOPs) of water pollutants via
applied for a small scale drinking water purification
UV/hypochlorite (homogeneous AOPs), and UV solar
plants. This is mainly due to that TiO2 coated by the
light/TiO2 (heterogeneous AOPs) in which the highly
electrophoretic deposition technique on stainless steel
oxidative hydroxyl radicals (•OH) are produced. These
woven meshes fitted in layers has major advantages
radicals are capable of destructing the emerging
over the commonly used flat-plate reactor and the
organic pollutants in water. The combined action
dispersed-phase reactor. This presents a novel reactor
of both •OH and Cl• that are produced during the
in the oxidation of water contaminants such as humic
NaOCl/UV processes increased the chlorination
acids and atrazine. Up-scaling of such reactors is
potential of humic acids (HA). In addition, at a high
feasible. It is worth to highlight that the results obtained
free-radical dose, such as in swimming pool water
has led to an improved understanding and applications
recirculation systems, the equal levels of adsorbable
of AOPs for water treatment. The findings can be used
organic halogens (AOX) and CHCl3 are formed with
to improve the performance of both small and large
both low pressure (LP) and medium pressure (MP),
scale water purification plants.
respectively. CHCl3, once formed, is not degraded
A.S.M.El-Kalliny@tudelft.nl
with either LP or MP. Moreover, the photo-degradation
Removal of Natural Organic Matter
Fractions by Anion Exchange
of specific NOM fractions is not well understood. Therefore,
knowledge about NOM fractions as well as their behaviour in
water treatment processes is essential.
Impact on drinking water treatment processes and
This thesis aimed to answer the question: How can the removal
biological stability
of specific NOM fractions by anion exchange improve treatment
processes as well as the biological stability of the produced
Anke Grefte
drinking water?
To answer this question, liquid chromatography (LC) with
This thesis focuses on improving drinking water quality,
organic carbon detection (OCD)(LC-OCD) was used as
specifically the biological stability of the produced drinking
NOM characterisation method. NOM fractions determined by
water. The biological stability of the treated water is negatively
LC-OCD using FIFFIKUS software are biopolymers (BP), humic
influenced by the presence of certain natural organic matter
substances (HS),building blocks ( BB), low molecular weight
(NOM) fractions. Therefore, specific NOM fractions should be
(LMW) acids and neutrals. IEX was used to remove NOM from
removed from the source water to improve biological stability.
the water and the pilot plant of drinking water treatment plant
It is known that NOM can efficiently be removed by anion
Weesperkarspel (Waternet) was used to execute the research.
exchange (IEX) resins. However, the removal and conversion
5
A multi-component model was formulated to predict
From this research can be concluded that anion exchange
the removal of different NOM fractions by IEX. By the
was a good and cost-effective way to remove NOM. LC-OCD
summation of the modelled breakthrough curves from five
has shown to be a useful method for NOM characterisation.
NOM fractions determined by LC-OCD, the breakthrough
IEX removed specifically humic acids which was also the
of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was predicted.
main fraction reacting with ozone. Extension of the treatment
lane with IEX before ozonation improved the biological
The best position of IEX in the treatment lane was
stability of the produced water. This research showed that
determined based on water quality as well as costs. Different
knowledge of specifically the concentration of humic acids
placement positions of IEX in the treatment lane and two
is important.
IEX configurations (MIEX® and fluidised IEX (FIX)) were
compared. The total costs for IEX for the three positions
were approximately equal, however the savings on following
treatment processes caused a cost reduction for the
IEX positions before coagulation and before ozonation
compared to IEX positioned after slow sand filtration.
To measure the effect of NOM removal by IEX on the
biological stability of drinking water two treatment lanes
were compared in biological stability of the produced water.
IEX was used as pre-treatment (before ozonation) in one
lane and removed 50% of DOC, the other lane was used
as reference. Biologically stable water was defined in terms
of assimilable organic carbon (AOC), biofilm formation rate
(BFR) and DOC. It was shown that by removing HS by IEX
before ozonation less biodegradable NOM was formed than
without IEX and the biological stability (AOC, BFR and DOC)
of the drinking water was improved.
The effect of NOM composition and ozone dose on the
ozone demand, disinfection capacity and bromate formation
was investigated. It was shown that the reaction of ozone
on NOM varied by NOM composition. HS and BB were the
main fractions reacting with ozone. Results showed that for
the same ozone dosage per DOC, the ozone demand was
higher, less bromate was formed and a lower disinfection
capacity was reached for water containing mainly humic
substances, than for water where the humic substances
were partly removed.
6
A.Grefte@tudelft.nl
Afstudeerverslagen
Verandering van de drinkwaterkwaliteit
in een distributienetwerk
aan het begin van het netwerk een significante afname
De effecten van transport en opstarten van
Het patroon in het totale deeltjesvolume wordt op de
een nieuwe zuivering
zuivering gedomineerd door pieken die ontstaan ten
gemeten voor deze parameterconcentraties.
gevolg van het terugleveren van drinkwater uit de
Gea Terhorst
watertoren in Zaltbommel richting het distributienetwerk
van Kolff.
De afgelopen decennia is veel onderzoek gedaan naar
Vanuit drinkwaterzuivering Kolff wordt bijna elke nacht
de kwaliteit van drinkwater tijdens het zuiveringsproces.
gedurende een paar uur water richting de watertoren
De drinkwaterkwaliteit moet echter aan de wettelijke
in Zaltbommel gepompt. Net zoals in het begin van het
eisen voldoen op het moment dat het water aan de klant
netwerk, bezinkt ook ijzer en mangaan in het begin van
geleverd wordt. Tijdens het transport van de zuivering
de leiding tussen de zuivering en de watertoren. Op
naar de klant kan de drinkwaterkwaliteit veranderen
dagen met weinig verbruik wordt vanuit de watertoren
ten gevolge van fysische, chemische en biologische
in Zaltbommel met hogere snelheid water teruggepompt
processen in het distributienet.
naar het distributienetwerk van drinkwaterzuivering Kolff,
waardoor het bezonken materiaal zoals ijzer en mangaan
Om meer inzicht te krijgen in de mate van verandering
weer opwervelt. Door dit terugleveren stroomt water het
van drinkwaterkwaliteit over het distributienetwerk is
distributienetwerk in met een significant hogere ijzer-
gekeken naar de veranderingen tussen het uitgaande
en mangaanconcentratie en troebelheid ten opzichte
reinwater van de zuivering en het water dat bij de
van het water dat direct uit de zuivering het netwerk in
consument uit de kraan komt. Daarnaast is gekeken naar
gepompt wordt.
de verandering van de waterkwaliteit door het opstarten
van een nieuwe zuivering, welke naast de oude zuivering
In het distributienetwerk van drinkwaterzuivering
gebouwd is. Met deeltjestellers, MuPFiS (multiple particle
Kolff bezinkt en wervelt sediment op door variatie
filtration system) en door het nemen van watermonsters
in waterverbruik en wordt het patroon in het totale
zijn metingen gedaan in het distributienetwerk van
deeltjesvolume juist veroorzaakt door de variatie in het
drinkwaterzuivering Kolff.
drinkwaterverbruik.
Door de toename in verbruik tussen begin maart en eind
Van de oude zuivering is de beluchting niet tijdig
april 2011 neemt de stroomsnelheid van het water in het
schoongemaakt en het filtermateriaal niet tijdig vervangen.
distributienetwerk toe. Hierdoor bezinkt minder sediment
Hierdoor is de waterkwaliteit van het drinkwater dat
in het netwerk en wervelt meer sediment op. Gevolg
de zuivering verlaat, na juni 2010 verslechterd. Na het
hiervan is een toegenomen hoeveelheid zwevende
opstarten van de nieuwe zuivering in april 2011 is de
stof in het distributienetwerk. Aangezien sediment
waterkwaliteit hersteld tot het niveau van voor juni 2010.
microbiologie bevat, is door het toegenomen verbruik ook
de hoeveelheid ATP en TCC in het netwerk toegenomen.
De oxidatie van ammonium, nitriet en mangaan tijdens
Aangezien het sediment dat door het hogere verbruik
het zuiveringsproces is onvolledig. Door oxidatie is
opgewerveld wordt, langer in het netwerk heeft gelegen,
bevat dit sediment ook relatief veel microbiologie. Dit is
7
terug te zien in de toename van de hoeveelheid ATP/
TSS gemeten op de locaties aan het einde van het
Geconcludeerd wordt dat door het opstarten van de
distributienetwerk.
nieuwe zuivering geen significante verandering is
opgetreden in de drinkwaterkwaliteit van zowel het water
De hoeveelheid ATP gemeten op het afgevangen
dat de zuivering verlaat als het water op de locaties in
sediment is gemiddeld 0.35 ng per liter drinkwater en
het distributienetwerk. Wel is een verandering in de
dit is circa 10% van de totale gemeten hoeveelheid ATP
waterkwaliteit gemeten door het toegenomen verbruik,
in het drinkwater. Dit percentage komt overeen met het
het vaker terugleveren van water uit Zaltbommel en het
percentage gevonden voor de hoeveelheid TCC in het
niet tijdig onderhouden van de oude zuivering.
water. Hieruit blijkt dat de totale hoeveelheid microbiologie
G.G.Terhorst@student.TUDelft.nl
in het drinkwater maar voor een klein gedeelte bestaat uit
microbiologie aanwezig op het oppervlak van in het water
zwevend sediment met een diameter groter dan 1,2 μm.
Recent papers in DWES
Recent Final Revised Papers
DWESD - Papers in Open Discussion
119 Removal and transformation of pharmaceuticals in wastewater
124 Removal of paraquat pesticide with Fenton reaction in a pilot scale
treatment plants and constructed wetlands - E. Lee, S. Lee,
J. Park, Y. Kim, and J. Cho - Drink. Water Eng. Sci., 6, 89-98,
A. Alves, and L. M. Madeira - Drink. Water Eng. Sci. Discuss., 6,
2013
233-260, 2013
120 The large-scale impact of climate change to Mississippi flood
hazard in New Orleans - T. L. A. Driessen and M. van Ledden Drink. Water Eng. Sci., 6, 81-87, 2013
121 Status of organochlorine pesticides in Ganga river basin:
125 Study on the antibacterial activity of selected natural herbs and
their application in water treatment - P. S. Harikumar and C.M.
Manjusha - Drink. Water Eng. Sci. Discuss., 6, 199-231, 2013
126 Assessment of calculation methods for calcium carbonate
anthropogenic or glacial? - P. K. Mutiyar and A. K. Mittal - Drink.
saturation in drinking water for DIN 38404-10 compliance - P. J.
Water Eng. Sci., 6, 69-80, 2013
de Moel, A. W. C. van der Helm, M. van Rijn, J. C. van Dijk, and
122 Development of water use scenarios as a tool for adaptation to
climate change - R. Jacinto, M. J. Cruz, and F. D. Santos -Drink.
Water Eng. Sci., 6, 61-68, 2013
123 Technical Note: Wet validation of optical tomography for drinking
water discolouration studies - R. Floris, P. van Thienen, and
H. Beverloo - Drink. Water Eng. Sci., 6, 55-59, 2013
8
water system - C. Oliveira, K. Gruskevica, T. Juhna, K. Tihomirova,
W. G. J. van der Meer - Drink. Water Eng. Sci. Discuss., 6, 167198, 2013
127 Online data processing for proactive water distribution network
operation - J. Machell, S. R. Mounce, B. Farley, and J. B. Boxall
- Drink. Water Eng. Sci. Discuss., 6, 261-290, 2013
Verslagen
Waterleidingloop
And we also had a winner in our group: Koen won the
first price of the 5km race!
Guenda Bruni
This year the TU Delft Water Management department
participated again to the ‘Waterleidingloop’, and as every
other year it has been a fulfilling experience! This time
it was Waternet to organize the event, they did it in
Weesp. We organised our mission from Delft, gathering
all together to get there and win, well kind of!
We missed the wonderful barbecue organized by
Waternet to close the event, but we went home with this
satisfying feeling of having spent a nice day doing sport
and getting closer to one another. Looking forward to
next year’s mission!
Some of us participated to the 5 km and some braver ones
to the 10 km race, which was in the near Amsterdam:
the pattern was beautiful, almost entirely into a park with
lakes and trees. The rain joined us at times, and we had
to admit that was a nice company! Getting some fresh
and wet air while making the last effort to reach the finish
line it was a deserved relief!
After the run we had a nice afternoon chatting and
“coffeeing” while waiting for the results.
We had the chance to play some other games as well.
G.Bruni@tudelft.nl
9
Ein heißer Sommer in Schweiz
in the containers. Whether this is a health risk or not,
this is very undesirable from a consumers’ perspective.
Doris van Halem
Previous research in Bern, Switzerland (Matthews et
al., 2013) had focused on the use of copper to damage
It was indeed a very hot summer in Switzerland for
and poison bacterial cells. In this line of thought it was
me this year, where I visited the Sandec group of the
proposed to control bacterial growth by adding copper
aquatic research institute EAWAG (www.eawag.ch).
to the water through a cartridge of brass grains. This
Over a period of two months they hosted me as a visiting
approach shows similarities to the work we did before
researcher. I was happy to learn that Swiss researchers,
on the ceramic pot filter, which is impregnated with silver
unlike the Dutch, don’t take long summer holidays. Which
(van Halem et al., 2009; van der Laan et al., 2013).
gave me the opportunity to meet and collaborate with
many water researchers in my field, whom before I only
In the EAWAG laboratories, I studied the kinetics of
knew from their peer-reviewed publications. EAWAG
growth in the presence of either soluble or solid copper
has been active in arsenic research for many years, and
(wire, grains, coins) both with nutrient limitation and
since 2007 even has a director with a special interest
nutrient supply (by GDM filtrate). Results show that E.coli
in this topic.
and total coliforms are no longer culturable at a certain
Cu(II) concentration threshold value, but ATP and flow
Apart from meeting new, inspiring people, I wanted
cytometry reveal there is bacterial growth anyhow. At
to learn more on how they organize their research,
a certain Cu(II) concentration, there was even more
especially the combination of (detailed) laboratory work
growth observed than in the control experiments. These
and oversees field studies. The Sandec Department
results indicate the growth of Cu(II) resistant bacteria. It
focuses on Water and Sanitation in Developing Countries,
is noteworthy though, that the copper may have stressed
and is, amongst other things, the birthplace of SODIS
the coliforms and not killed them, making them “viable
(SOlar DISinfection in PET bottles; www.sodis.ch). More
but not culturable”. The research is currently continued
recently they developed a household water treatment
focusing on the “rehabilitation” of copper-exposed
system based on gravity driven membranes (GDM).
bacteria.
The newest generation prototypes are currently piloted
in Bolivia and Uganda. At Sandec, I collaborated with Dr.
Technology acceptance studies had shown that
Richard Johnston, the head of the drinking water group,
consumers of household water treatment systems prefer
with whom I have worked in Bangladesh (UNICEF) since
to have transparent receptacles, resulting in a GDM
my PhD research. He inspired me once again on how to
prototype sensitive to algae growth in the containers
combine fundamental curiosity in science with application
(green water). Though the easiest solution would be
and relevance; too bad he is leaving science for a (very
to design darkened containers, the copper has shown
challenging!) job with the Joint Monitoring Programme
to reduce algae growth significantly, even with just a
of WHO.
1-eurocent coin.
Research wise I focused during my stay on gaining better
Although I spend way too much time at work during my
understanding of bacterial (re)growth after household
visit – and thus did not see as much of the beautiful
filtration in a storage container. Household filters, like the
country as I should have – I did have a blast living in
gravity driven membranes or ceramic pot filters, remove
the lake city of Zurich. Especially when my family joined
most (pathogenic) bacteria, but still regrowth is visible
me during the last month, because going to a lakeside
10
swimming pool or up the Zurich Berg with a train is just
came back from Uganda and is continuing the research
more fun with two ecstatic sons.
with her very cool portable flow cytometer.
I’d like to thank the staff of the Environmental Microbiology
Last but not least I want to thank my colleagues at
and Process Engineering Departments, which was so
Sandec who made me feel part of their team for just a
kind to support me (thank you Frederik, Stephan, Wouter,
summer. Thanks!
Brian and Jacqueline). Also I thank Johanna Otto who
d.vanhalem@tudelft.nl
CASA-RainGain Urban Flash Flood Workshop
27-28 June 2013, Arlington, Texas
first place I have ever visited without any form of public
transport and sidewalks are nearly non-existent. Asphalt
and bricks, on the contrary, are everywhere. Still, the city
Marie-claire ten Veldhuis
has a spacious feeling; more space to store stormwater
than we have in most of our densely built European cities.
Last June I visited the University of Texas at Arlington
to meet representatives of the CASA project in the
CASA and RainGain decided to have a 2-day workshop
US (CASA: Collaborative, Adapative Sensing of the
here to share experiences and see how we could
Atmosphere). CASA is deploying a network of Xband
cooperate and learn from one another. The workshop
radars in the Dallas Fortworth (DFW) area to track severe
was truly multi-disciplinary: we had representatives from
rain storms hitting the metroplex and causing serious
universities, national weather service, corps of engineers,
flash flooding. In Europe, we are undertaking similar
local engineering firms, regional authorities and cities in
activities in the RainGain project, where Xband radars
the DFW metroplex. We discussed topics ranging from
are installed in Leuven, London, Paris and Rotterdam for
radar system configurations to hydrological modeling, user
high resolution rainfall measurement and flood prediction.
needs and public participation. All participants contributed
by short presentations, adding to a lively discussion on
Arlington in June is a hard place to imagine floods: it is
the various topics.
as dry and as hot as a desert. It is also a drive-only city:
11
The DFW area receives 500 to 1200 mm of rain per
The participants shared some interesting first results
year, similar to NW-Europe, but rainfall intensities for
on hydrological modeling approaches, especially how
short time periods of 10 to 60 minutes are about twice
to balance detailed modeling to take full benefit of
as high (for instance: T=10 yrs rainfall intensity for 15
high resolution rainfall data with the requirement of
minutes is 169 mm/h compared to 72 mm/h in the
short computational required for real-time applications.
Netherlands1 ). This is due to the DFW area’s proximity
Another important topic was the use of extreme rainfall
to the Gulf of Mexico, where tropical storm systems
alerts and flash flood warnings: existing products apply
can be generated above the warm sea waters. Hence
to large scales, typically river basins rather than urban
their preference for installing a network of radars, to
areas, and this tends to result in a lot of over-warning.
allow close tracking of storms. In RainGain single
It was generally agreed that improvement is needed
X-band radars have been installed, but in the future
by integrating more detailed observations into warning
networks of radars could be envisaged for better storm
products: more detailed rainfall data in time and space,
tracking and so one radar can fill in for another when
higher accuracy and reliability and preferably also
a signal is attenuated by intense rain.
include more and detailed information on expected
On the other hand, DFW has a lower degree of
impacts.
imperviousness compared to the more densely built
cities in RainGain, so flood peaks are more smoothed.
The workshop presentations and discussions
And a large part of the stormwater drainage system
demonstrated that there is a lot of information and
consists of above-ground channels and, while many
insights to share between the CASA and RainGain
areas in the RainGain participating cities are largely
projects. Once the radar network in DFW and the
equipped with piped and culverted systems, due
radars in RainGain are all fully operational, new and
to limited available open space. At the same time,
exciting results will provide every reason to organize
urbanisation and further densification is a growing
another joint event.
concern in DFW, since this is the fastest growing region
in the US, expected to grow from 6.5 million to 13
million inhabitants in the next 10 years. Citizens have
already expressed their concerns about increased
flooding as a result of this process.
1
IDF curves for Texas: http://www.utdallas.edu/~brikowi/
Teaching/Applied_Modeling/SurfaceWater/LectureNotes/
Rainfall/Texas_Rainfall_IDF.html
IDF curves for the Netherlands: Buishand en Wijngaard,
2007.
J.A.E.tenVeldhuis@tudelft.nl
12
Chinese-Dutch opportunities and
advances in water technologies
Besides the overwhelming economy potential nowadays,
China is facing environmental challenges. The same
as to any other societies, water is one of the most
Gang Liu
important issues. Great efforts have been made by
Chinese government and professionals. There is a great
China and the Netherlands are intensifying their
playground in front of us where the Chinese opportunities
cooperation in the field of water (treatment) technologies.
and advances meet Dutch knowledge, experiences and
The project known as Sino-Dutch has been launched
technologies. Let’s look forward to hearing more progress
very successfully in 2011 and is targeting exchange
and I will bring you more updates soon.
and development in cost efficient water technologies.
Other projects have also been launched by NOW and
KNAW to promote the cooperation between the two
countries. After great success of organizing two research
seminars in 2012 in China and the Netherlands, and one
workshop in 2013 hosted by TU Delft, Dutch and Chinese
professionals have had close understanding of the
opportunities and advances in their water technologies.
This year, in April, Prof. Jules van Lier had a visit to the
lab of research centre for Eco-Environmental Science
(RCEES) in Beijing. And Dr. Merle de Kreuk visited EES
in May. During their visit, the research interests were
Figure 1. Presentations and discussions at OASEN Water
further discussed and exchanged. Between 30 June and
Company
3 July, the research team head by Prof. Qu and Prof.
Yang from RCEES had another visit to the Netherlands.
The visit was made to Sanitary Engineering Lab at TU
Delft, drinking water treatment plant of Oasen Water
Company (Rudenhuis) and the underground wastewater
treatment plant of Dokhaven. Our Chinese visitors were
impressed by the advanced technologies developed
and used by Dutch water companies. There is a great
potential for the Dutch and Chinese water professionals
to work together in the coming future.
During the meeting on 2 July, the potential cooperation
Figure 2. Site visit of drinking water treatments at Rudenhuis
was discussed and preliminary cooperation timeline
and agreement has been established. Based on the
G.Liu-1@tudelft.nl
agreement, the cooperation will be started from student
exchange, and joint research projects will be followed
up. The official cooperation agreement will be signed
during the next workshop that will be organized in Beijing,
next May.
13
Studentverslagen
The urban water cycle in Beira,
Mozambique
The city’s port and railway station act as a gateway for
the export of coal and the import of oil and goods to the
Adam Morón
landlocked nations of Zimbabwe and Malawi. The recent
exploitation of the mineral resources has led to two
They told me to not worry so much. That I wasn’t forgetting
growth scenario’s for Beira. Whereas the city currently
anything. That it would be fine. On the last day before
boasts a population of around 450 000 inhabitants, the
starting my three day journey to Beira, Mozambique, I
growth numbers indicate a 2035 population that could
was coming off a weekend of nerves and reservations
vary between 827 000 and 1 422 000 inhabitants.
of the uncertainties waiting for me at the mouth of the
Pungue river at the Indian ocean.
So, the interaction between drinking water and sanitation
treatment capacity and infrastructure is the elephant
After all, it was my choice to go to the Witteveen+Bos
in the room that I’ve been tasked with to look after. In
offices in Deventer a few months earlier, for the
retrospect, the only type of elephant I’ve studied during
opportunity of doing a part of my thesis abroad and the
that month-and-a-half in Mozambique.
experience of doing so for a consulting firm. But, it was
starting to feel like the stage was set for a trip into the
Finding the different pumping stations, water towers and
Heart of Darkness, where I would have to stay loyal to
treatment plants provided my with a good incentive to get
the nightmare of my choice. I had managed to convince
to know different parts of the city. A city whose center is
more than a few people far wiser and experienced than
dominated by Art Deco and Modern architecture in steady
myself that I could handle working in a different language
but graceful decay, and whose suburbs are made up by
and culture and felt I had something to prove in return
unplanned settlements. This contrast in urban planning
for their confidence. At least in the months of July and
highlights yet another interesting point of concern. On the
August, the time of day is the same in Mozambique as
one hand, broad streets and integral planning comprise
in the Netherlands.
the part of the city constructed between the 1930’s and
1950’s. One the other, small buildings are constructed
While the Pungue river is murky and winding and the
first, utilities connected after and permission from the
drinking water treatment facilities are over 100 km inland,
municipality is obtained as a final measure. A second
I’m quite thankful that I didn’t have to live by Joseph
elephant in an already crowded room.
Konrad’s experience, being met instead with friendly
people and a great set of adventures of my own.
The third defining factor of the city is defined by its
main artery - the Pungue river. Used as a source of
The purpose of my six weeks in Beira was to make an
drinking water by both Beira at the downstream end
analysis of the city’s urban water infrastructure, both
and the Zimbabwean city of Mutare upstream, the river
drinking water and sanitation. The analysis will be used
experiences salt water intrusion up to 80 kilometers
to define projects for the Beira Master Plan 2035 as the
upstream from the estuary mouth - consequently
city currently finds itself at an important crossroads for
leading to the intake station at a distance 100 kilometers
what concerns development and population.
upstream. With the water demand along the river
14
expected to increase it should be asked whether or not an
increase in treatment capacity should be combined with a
secondary raw water source. The Indian ocean, far closer
to the city and its population, coupled with a reduction of
the pumping energy required over that smaller distance,
could provide a solution. Another elephant.
I’ve returned from Beira, appreciative that the three
elephants have provided me with a lens with which to
study and describe the intricate workings of a young and
growing city. I’ve taken back to the Netherlands a wildly
Figure 3: At the mouth of the Pungue Estuary
interesting experience, the results of which - I hope - will
be returned to Beira and it’s people.
A.J.Moron@student.tudelft.nl
Figure 1: Schematic of the Beira sewer system and pumping
stations
Figure 2: The physiography and drainage pattern of the Pungue
River Basin
15
Prijzen
Cees Boeter prijs 2013
Irene Caltran
Irene heeft zich tijdens haar BSc-eindwerk verdiept
Marie-claire ten Veldhuis
in arseenverwijdering via kleinschalige zuiveringstechnieken die kunnen worden toegepast bij
Op 18 juni jl. is voor de elfde keer de Cees Boeter
huishoudens in Bangladesh. Ze heeft de eigenschappen
prijs uitgereikt, de jaarlijkse prijs voor het beste BSc-
van verschillende materialen gemeten om de
eindwerk van de afdeling Watermanagement.
adsorptiecapaciteit te kunnen bepalen. Daarna heeft
De Cees Boeter prijs is ingesteld door de afdeling
ze de materialen toegepast voor arseenverwijdering
Watermanagement van de faculteit Civiele Techniek
in batch-experimenten en in kinetische experimenten
en Geowetenschappen van de TU Delft. De prijs heeft
voor 2 verschillende soorten water. Irene heeft een
als doel studenten te stimuleren om werk van een
grote hoeveelheid experimentele gegevens verzameld
hoog academisch niveau te leveren en de toepassing
en deze op een overzichtelijke wijze geanalyseerd en
van de resultaten van het eindwerk in de praktijk te
gepresenteerd. In haar rapport geeft ze er blijk van ook
bevorderen. Aan de prijs is een geldbedrag van €
kritisch op de gevonden experimentele resultaten te
250 verbonden, beschikbaar gesteld door de afdeling
kunnen reflecteren. De jury was dan ook erg onder de
Watermanagement.
indruk van de omvang van het experimentele werk en
de kwaliteit van de rapportage.
Cees Boeter was bijna 40 jaar verbonden aan het
laboratorium voor Gezondheidstechniek. Met grote
Abel Heinsbroek
inzet en verstand van zaken heeft hij steeds studenten,
Abel heeft zijn bachelor-eindwerk uitgevoerd in
promovendi en onderzoekers met raad en daad
Mozambique, waar hij voor de uitdaging stond de
bijgestaan bij hun onderzoek en experimenten. Als
drinkwaterzuivering in het plaatsje Vilankulos te
blijk van waardering heet de prijs voor het beste BSc-
verbeteren met ter plaatse beschikbare middelen.
eindwerk de Cees Boeter prijs. Cees reikt elk jaar zelf
De bestaande waterzuivering functioneerde niet meer
de prijs uit.
door gebrek aan onderhoud en lokale operationele
kennis. Abel heeft ervoor gekozen een nieuwe
In een BSc-eindwerk moet een student in 8 weken
drinkwaterzuivering te ontwerpen op basis van een
een onderwerp uitwerken, een eind-rapport schrijven
zeer robuuste zuiveringstechniek. Hij heeft ter plaatse
en de resultaten presenteren aan begeleiders en
een proefinstallatie gebouwd en getest. Dit vraagt
mede-studenten. Een deskundige jury van ervaren
het nodige improvisatietalent, zeker gezien de lokale
bachelor-eindwerkbegeleiders bepaalt de nominaties
omstandigheden. Deze combinatie van intelligente
en uiteindelijke winnaar van de Cees Boeterprijs. Criteria
creativiteit en praktische inslag heeft de jury erg
bij de beoordeling van het eindwerk zijn het inhoudelijk
gewaardeerd.
niveau van het werk, vindingrijkheid bij het vinden van
oplossingen, combinatie van theorie en praktische
Bas des Tombe
toepassing en het niveau van de eindrapportage.
Bas is voor zijn bachelor-eindwerk naar Vietnam
afgereisd om daar verziltingsproblemen te onderzoeken
Voor het collegejaar 2012/2013 zijn de genomineerden:
16
van onttrekkingsputten voor irrigatiewater. In zijn BSc-
eindwerk heeft hij onderzocht of de komst van een
garnalenkwekerij in het duingebied langs de kust van
Vietnam de oorzaak kan zijn van verzilting van het
grondwater ter plaatse van de onttrekkingsput. Bas
heeft in het veld data proberen te verzamelen over de
lokale situatie. Hij kon weinig concrete data te pakken
krijgen, maar hij heeft zich op basis van de beperkte
data wel een beeld gevormd waarop hij zijn aannamen
heeft gebaseerd. Met de data en de aannamen heeft
hij de situatie in een numeriek model geschematiseerd
en zijn analyse uitgevoerd. Dit getuigt van creativiteit,
inzicht en doorzettingsvermogen. Bas heeft bovendien
al zijn informatie op het internet beschikbaar gesteld,
zodat aanvullende data tijdens een vervolgstudie
eenvoudig kan worden ingevuld. De resultaten van het
onderzoek van Bas zullen door het bedrijf ter plaatse
worden gebruikt voor vervolgstudie.
De jury was ook dit jaar onder de indruk van de
hoeveelheid werk die de bachelorstudenten binnen
een periode van krap 2 maanden weten te verzetten
en hoeveel nieuwe kennis ze zich weten eigen te
maken. De inzet en ondernemingszin van studenten
die ervoor kiezen hun eindwerk in een ver buitenland te
doen heeft de jury zeer gewaardeerd. Uiteindelijk heeft
de combinatie van veldwerk en gedegen theoretische
uitwerking de doorslag gegeven.
Op grond hiervan heeft de jury besloten de Cees
BoeterPrijs 2013 toe te kennen aan Bas des Tombe
voor zijn onderzoek naar verziltingsproblematiek in
Vietnam.
J.A.E.tenVeldhuis@tudelft.nl
17
Delft Urban Water Movie contest
Nominees
The four nominees of the Delft Urban Water movie contest
“Well Water Waste Wealth” wins Delft Urban
were officially presented during the Delft Urban Water
Water movie contest!
seminar on 11 June. Nominees were selected out of no
less than 24 submissions from all over the world. The 2nd
Roy Meijer
prize of the contest, the iPad, went to “City=Catchment
Area” by David Ginting and Ravina Binol. The jury liked
Gautum Vishwanath from Bangalore is the winner of the
the clear and convincing story-line and was impressed
Delft Urban Water Movie Contest, for his movie entitled
by the creative and speedy sketch-wise presentation
‘Well Water Waste Wealth’. In this short film we descend
supporting the movie’s message.
a water well and hear what happens as we use it or
pollute it. Water problems in India’s cities are many, but
Jury
Mr Vishnwanath shows inventive solutions to close the
The jury this year consisted of:
urban cycles of water, nutrients and food.
Tracy Metz
According to the jury, he “presents out-of-the-box
Mark van Loosdrecht
solutions that show how big problems can be answered
Pieter van der Zaag
by small and pragmatic actions”. Furthermore: “The jury
Hans Ruijgers
was impressed by the movie’s quality and the way it
combines creativity with a wide range of inventive and
Contest
practical solutions. “Well, it used to talk to you” and we
The Delft Urban Water movie contest is a yearly event
hope Mr Vishwanath’s solutions will continue to do so
organised by the partners of Delft Urban Water.
for years to come.
More information is on: www.delfturbanwater.nl
r.e.t.meijer@tudelft.nl
18
Onderwijs
Colleges voor 20.000 studenten
Geboortejaar
Anke Grefte / Peter de Moel
In de nieuwsbrief van juni hebben we verteld over onze
Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) ‘Introduction to
water treatment’. Dit is de gratis online uitvoering op
het edX platform van het nieuwe BSc vak CTB3365
Opleiding
met dezelfde naam.
Vanaf 9 mei zagen we dat er zich elke dag ongeveer
150 studenten registreerden. Op 6 september stond
de teller op 19.511. Eigenlijk kregen we er dus elke dag
een collegezaal bij. De course begint op 16 september,
waarbij zich dan ongeveer 20.000 studenten aangemeld
zullen hebben.
Geen collegezaal maar een opnamestudio
De studenten komen uit de hele wereld (90 landen,
geen China), zijn van alle leeftijden, het merendeel
van het mannelijk geslacht (72%) en velen hebben
academisch onderwijs gehad.
Geen college maar een video
Herkomst
De inschrijving voor de cursus is nog open.
https://www.edx.org/course/delft-university- technology/
ctb3365x/introduction-water- treatment/786
a.grefte@tudelft.nl / p.j.demoel@tudelft.nl
19
Nieuwe medewerkers
Alexander Hendriks
Hi, I am Alexander Hendriks, 31 years old. In 2001
I started my study Environmental Technology at
Wageningen University. In 2004 I obtained my Bachelor’s
degree in “Environmental Technology - Aquatic ecology
and Ecology”. In 2006 I obtained my Master’s degree in
“Environmental Technology - Wastewater Treatment”.
In 2006 and 2007 I was responsible for the additional
lessons in chemistry, physics, math and biology for
In September I start working at the Sanitary Engineering
the 5th and 6th grade of gymnasium (high school). In
section on a PhD research regarding high rate
December 2007 I started my career at Royal Haskoning
(selective) volatile fatty acid (VFA) production from
(from July 2012 Royal HaskoningDHV) as wastewater
(soluble) industrial waste using the granular sludge
engineer. During this time I have been dealing with
proces. The produced VFA can be used for, amongst
studies regarding (static and dynamic) optimization of
others, bioplastic production. I am looking forward to
the waterlines and sludge treatment lines of several
the coming years of research on this topic.
wastewater treatment plants. Also studies regarding
I live in Wijchen at the farm of my parents. In my
prevention and growth of algae have been part of my
spare time I like ballroom dancing, tropical fish farming,
daily work. During the optimization studies I specialized
working at the farm and spending time with family and
myself in sludge treatment, sludge dewatering and
friends.
ALE extraction.
Peng Wei
A.T.W.M.Hendriks@tudelft.nl
years. It is really a nice opportunity but also a new
challenge for me. In my spare time I like sports (such
I am Peng Wei, coming from China. I finished my
as football), music and reading.
master degree of Environmental Engineering from
Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy
of Sciences in 2010. Then I stayed in our institute
as a research assistant, and mainly did some CFD
modeling as well as experimental work on two-phase
flow in the flat sheet membrane bioreactor system.
I am very glad to join in Prof. Luuk Rietveld’s group as
a PhD candidate to continue my study in the coming
20
P.Wei@tudelft.nl
David de Ridder
larger exposed surface than TiO2 spheres, they can
be expected to show higher adsorption/OH radical
After studying Civil Engineering (with the specialisation
production than the latter.
Sanitary Engineering) and completing a PhD thesis at
A final research interest is atmospheric water collection.
this faculty, it is a bit strange to write in the newsletter
When no sea/ground/surfacewater is available, it can
as a newcomer, as I know most of you allready.
still be obtained from the atmosphere by condensation.
I’m contracted for 2 years as a postdoc. During this
Doing so efficiently is, however, quite a challenge. My
period I’ll be supporting main lecturers in various MSc
proposed configurations include desiccants (water-
courses and aim to obtain basic lecturing qualification.
attracting materials), subsoil cooling/condensation
Research-wise, there are several challenges waiting as
and/or centrifuge/venturi condensation. Other aspects
well. One research proposal involves tweaking zeolites
such as heat storage, recovery of heat of condensation,
to adsorb a broad range of organic micropollutants,
efficient wind collection can influence performance as
while still maintaining fast kinetics and exclusion of NOM
well. While this last project is a bit more off my field of
or to adsorb specific AOC-relevant organic fractions.
expertise than the others, it is massively inspiring to
Also, the adsorption of ammonium from RO permeate
talk/think/write/read about it.
onto zeolites, and its consequentive degradation in
in-situ oxidative treatment will be investigated.
The combination adsorption/advanced oxidation
remains interesting, as these processes can have
synergy. I’m allready involved in a short research
project with Chongqing University regarding adsorption/
photocatalysis on TiO2-coated zeolites, and feel that
there are sufficient further research opportunities in
this field. One of them could be to coat the zeolites or
UV-transparant ceramics with TiO2 nanotubes/rods
rather than fine particles. As TiO2 tubes/rods have a
D.J.deRidder@tudelft.nl
21
Dispuut Watermanagement
MDE Balkan countries 2013
Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia. In the latter
institute, the basic hydrology knowledge that some of
Joris de Vos
us learned last year was put into practice. Of course
a visit to Belgrade could not be completed without a
After months of preparation, it finally happened! From
trip on the Danube and Sava River. Also the evenings
the 7th till the 16th of July, the Multiple Day Excursion
were far from boring. If you want to know why, ask one
of the Dispuut Watermanagement went to as many
of the participants! It has something to do with those
as four (!) countries in ten days. Serbia, Bosnia and
same famous rivers…
Herzegovina, Montenegro and Croatia were visited.
The next destination of our trip was Sarajevo.
The tour started at Eindhoven Airport where all the 25
Culturally seen totally different from Belgrade. Also the
participants got the flight to Belgrade, most of them not
landscape was very different. The boring environment
knowing what would come. One thing was certain, they
of Belgrade’s surroundings has been replaced by
have agreed to a multifaceted adventure! Because of
beautiful karstic landscapes and two big rivers from
this diversity, I will not be able to explain everything of
Belgrade were replaced by a reddish small stream
this tour in detail, but I’ll do my best to mention some
called Miljacka. For us, Sarajevo was characterized
highlights.
by a tour along all facets of the urban water cycle. This
As can be deduced from previous section, the first
was already experienced during sanitary stops the first
city we visited was Belgrade, the capital of Serbia
night. There is no water pressure in the nights because
and former Yugoslavia. This city at the confluence
of the leakage sensitive distribution network. However,
point of the Danube and the Sava river offered us
next morning we had water pressure again so we went
of course the second longest river of Europe, but
all washed and brushed to our next appointment: the
also a number of company visits and institutes. The
Sava River Watershed Agency. After a small talk, many
first institute was the Jaroslav Černi institute, for the
urban water cycle related projects were visited guided
development of Water Resources in the Serbian water
by Amila Ibrulj, a former MSc student from UNESCO-
sector. We got a presentation about the status of Water
IHE in Delft. First we went to the WWTP Butile in the
Management in Serbia and international cooperation
western part of Sarajevo. This WWTP was built in 1984
in the field of water and several laboratories were
in combination with the main collectors in the city. A
visited. The hydraulic laboratory with very detailed
quick look in the history books learns us that the Winter
physical scale models of Serbian dams and rivers
Olympic Games were held in Sarajevo that same year,
was shown and we also visited their chemical- and
however it’s still unknown to me if there is a relation
biological laboratories. One thing I can remember
between the two events. We arrived on an overgrown
from these laboratories is that I haven’t seen most of
location and a perfect background for a horror movie.
their advanced equipment ever in my life. That’s also
In 1992, the WWTP fell into disuse because of the
the reason that I can’t explain what all that equipment
Yugoslav wars. Essential elements were plundered
was meant for. After all, my preconceptions about
and there was no money available to maintain the
laboratories in Southeast Europe were hereby already
WWTP anymore. Nothing really happened for 21
disproved. After this, more institutes were visited like
years, so this was the first time for many people in
the Directorate for Inland Waterways and the Republic
our group to have a look in an empty WWTP where
22
all major elements are still recognizable. From the
In Montenegro, there was nothing like a laboratory
sludge digester, we had a good overview of the plant.
but only rivers and beautiful environments. The best
Further we visited the laboratory on the same complex,
way to explore this was by raft through the second
which is still in use, where for the second time in a
deepest canyon in the world. A group picture shows
week my preconceptions about Southeast Europe
a piece of the amazing view we had on our overnight
were disproved. We also saw the outflow point of the
stay in what we called doghouses (they were not much
‘effluent’ in the Miljacka River. The only thing I can say
bigger), what was quite a nice concept over here. A
is that I prefer to live upstream of this point.
guided early morning hike learned us more about this
interesting environment. After this adventure, we went
down to our final destination Croatia, were we could
rest so far possible and visit the two cities Dubrovnik
and Split in the last two days we had before we flew
back to Schiphol again. To conclude this story: it was
an interesting study tour with the combination of nice
projects and a lot of fun! I want to thank Bas Heijman
and Thom Bogaard for joining us and I am now already
looking forward to next year’s study tour, the Grote
Verre Reis to a more distant corner of the world. Keep
up to date on: www.dispuutwatermanagement.nl
After this dirty part of the urban water cycle (I wonder
if I may call it a real cycle after what we’ve seen), we
went to the drinking water source of Sarajevo: the
Bosna River spring where clear but very cold water
is seeping out of the mountains. A small installation
treats the water to an acceptable quality here. What I
can remember is that there were pressure filters with
a coagulant and after that only a chlorination step
to improve the reliability of the water with regard to
pathogens. Because it was around 30 °C outside, the
comfortable temperature of 8 °C in the plant was highly
appreciated by our group. After this visit, the HEIS
Dispuut-WM-CITG@tudelft.nl
institute was on the program with for the third time a
nice laboratory visit this week. The morning after this,
we went further down to Montenegro.
23
Media
24
25
Promotie Jojanneke Dirksen
Afstuderen Udo Ouwerkerk
Afstuderen Rafael Romero
26
Afstuderen Anthonie Hogendoorn
Afstuderen Marleen Heidekamp
Afstuderen Andreas Moerman
27

September 2013 - Civiele Techniek en Geowetenschappen

Transcription

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