PPT - Europa.eu
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PPT - Europa.eu
Operation and profitability enhancement of CHP systems in residential buildings using home automation EEDAL 2015 8th International Conference Luzern, 26th to 28th August 2015 Sven Kühnel, Viktor Grinewitschus, Michael Schmidt, Maren Wenzel, Marcel Schönknecht EEDAL 2015 Luzern Tanja Lovrić 1 Outline 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Introduction 100-CHP-project Economic feasibility in residential homes Analysis of conventional CHP operation On-site energy management Outlook EEDAL 2015 Luzern Tanja Lovrić Sven Kühnel 2 Introduction – initial situation • Transformation of the energy system in Germany (‘Energiewende’) • Paradigm shift o fossil renewable o central decentral • Increasing fluctuating electricity generation in Germany: • 8.6% Wind at the gross power generation (2014) • 5.8% PV • Basic trends o technical: less base load, higher demand for flexibility o economical: baseload price decreases, electricity price for private households has increased considerably EEDAL 2015 Luzern Tanja Lovrić Sven Kühnel 3 Introduction – challenges • Challenge 1: matching electricity generation to electricity consumption • Challenge 2: security of electricity supply • When taking these challenges into account: re-definition of the role of CHP in the energy system EEDAL 2015 Luzern Tanja Lovrić Sven Kühnel Outlook 4 Combined Heat and Power (CHP) • • • • Micro-CHP Pel > 2.5 kWel Nano-CHP Pel < 2.5 kWel Myth: “electricity-generating heating system” Application of micro- and nano-CHP systems examined in today’s energy system + outlook provided into the new energy world of the future EEDAL 2015 Luzern Tanja Lovrić Sven Kühnel 5 100-CHP-project – Overview • 100 CHP systems installed in residential homes in Bottrop • Goals reduce CO2-emissions by 50% until 2020 o increase quality of life Monitoring o • 750 L • In-depth analysis in 10 selected buildings • In 6 buildings sufficient measurement data EEDAL 2015 Luzern Tanja Lovrić Sven Kühnel 6 100-CHP-project – Micro-CHP system 1 Multi-family home o Vaillant ecoPower 4.7 o 1.5 – 4.7 kWel o 4.7 – 13.8 kWth EEDAL 2015 Luzern Tanja Lovrić Sven Kühnel 7 100-CHP-project – Nano-CHP systems 1 Single family home o Vaillant ecoPower 1.0 o 1 kWel , 2.5 kWth 4 Twin-houses o Brötje EcoGen WGS 20.1 o Viessmann Vitotwin 300W o 1 kWel , 5.6 kWth nano-CHP systems with Stirling engine EEDAL 2015 Luzern Tanja Lovrić Sven Kühnel 8 Economic feasibility – Regulatory and economic conditions Regulatory conditions for application of micro-/nano-CHP systems in residential buildings in Germany (2015) CHP bonus 5.41 ct / kWhel all kWhel generated by CHP unit Compensation for electricity feed-in * 3.21 ct / kWhel all kWhel fed into grid Compensation for avoided power network use 0.8 ct / kWhel all kWhel fed into grid Refund of energy tax 0.55 ct / kWhgas all kWhgas consumed by CHP unit * average EEX baseload price (CHP index) in the first quarter 2015 Energy prices: Electricity purchase = 26 ct / kWh Natural gas purchase = 6 ct / kWh EEDAL 2015 Luzern Tanja Lovrić Sven Kühnel 9 Economic feasibility – Micro-CHP system 26 ct / kWh 4 ct / kWh 52% 21% EEDAL 2015 Luzern Tanja Lovrić Sven Kühnel 10 Economic feasibility – Nano-CHP system 49% EEDAL 2015 Luzern Tanja Lovrić Sven Kühnel 11 Monitoring of heat-led CHP operation (“Heating system“) Electricity self-consumption 100% 90% 80% 70% TH1 60% TH2 50% TH3 40% TH4 30% SFH 20% 10% 0% Dec Jan EEDAL 2015 Luzern Feb Mar Apr May Tanja Lovrić Sven Kühnel Jun SFH … Single Family Home TH … Twin-house / End-terrace house 12 Monitoring of heat-led CHP operation (“Heating system“) EEDAL 2015 Luzern Tanja Lovrić Sven Kühnel 13 On-site energy management – electricity-oriented CHP operation Electricity-oriented operation of the CHP unit 1. Mandatory criteria • TMin < TBuffer tank < TMax • Ensure the minimum level of electricity self-consumption 2. Optimization • Shift of operating times into hours of highest electricity demand • Power modulation if feasible ( ecoPower 4.7) EEDAL 2015 Luzern Tanja Lovrić Sven Kühnel 14 On-site energy management – Buffer tank capacity Buffer tank capacity • V ≈ 750 L • ∆T ≈ 29 K • ∆Q ≈ 25 kWh Multi-family home Twin-house Single family home CHP unit ecoPower 4.7 1 kWel Stirling ecoPower 1.0 Pth,max 4.7 - 13.8 kWth 5.6 kWth 2.5 kWth toperation ≈2-5h ≈ 4.5 h ≈ 10 h EEDAL 2015 Luzern Tanja Lovrić Sven Kühnel 15 On-site energy management – Potentials Multi-family homes • Power modulation • Shifting of CHP operating hours • Advanced heat management that involves the thermal inertia of the entire building mass • Integration into a virtual power plant Outlook Single family homes / Twin-houses • Shifting of CHP operating hours • Adapt electricity consumption of the building to the electricity generation of the CHP unit automatically via plug adapters (home automation) manually by assistance of a visualization EEDAL 2015 Luzern Tanja Lovrić Sven Kühnel 16 On-site energy management – Visualization displayed by an app or website EEDAL 2015 Luzern Tanja Lovrić Sven Kühnel 17 Outlook – Realization of on-site energy management Home Automation System with GUI – HRW prototype Z-Wave Gateway or Z-Wave-Stick for PC Sensor for temperature, CO2 and humidity over Raspberry PI B+ Thermostat Contact sensors at doors/ windows Database Open Hab-App for Android and iOS EEDAL 2015 Luzern Tanja Lovrić Sven Kühnel 18 Outlook – Virtual power plant Several micro-CHP systems are interconnected via ICT • form a larger unit • central control electricity generation of CHP unit is also modulated according to external requirements micro-CHP systems can participate in the balancing power market and obtain additional revenues Example: RWE • 22 micro-CHP systems interconnected • participate in the balancing energy market via the RWE tertiary control pool EEDAL 2015 Luzern Tanja Lovrić Sven Kühnel 19 Conclusions EEX baseload price (CHP index) • Baseload price decreases EEDAL 2015 Luzern Tanja Lovrić Sven Kühnel 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Q1 2008 Q4 2008 Q3 2009 Q2 2010 Q1 2011 Q4 2011 Q3 2012 Q2 2013 Q1 2014 Q4 2014 € / MWh (electricity feed-in into grid) • Demand for balancing power increases • New role of CHP: providing system services (balancing power) additionally to electricity and heat generation additional revenues • Concept of “electricity generating heating system” is misleading 20 Thank you very much for your attention ! Sven Kühnel, M.Sc. Hochschule Ruhr West Ruhr West University of Applied Sciences Institute Energy Systems and Energy Business Sven.Kuehnel@hs-ruhrwest.de EEDAL 2015 Luzern Tanja Lovrić Sven Kühnel 21