PROYECTO INTA ROYA DE LA SOJA 520306 Coordinador: Antonio

PROYECTO INTA ROYA DE LA SOJA 520306 Coordinador: Antonio

Soybean rust management
using fungicides in central area
of Santa Fe Province (Argentina)
in crop season 2004/2005.
Antonio Ivancovich
INTA –National Institute of Agricultural Technology
Pergamino - Province of Buenos Aires -Argentina
Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Alimentación
Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
Soybean in Argentina
Argentina
2003 / 2004
Argentina
2004 / 2005
14.3 Millions of Hectares
Millions of Hectares
35.3 Millions of Acres
Millions of Acres
Average Yield
Average Yield
2200 Kg/Hectare
Kg/Hectare
32.7 Bushels/Acre
Bushels/Acre
Production
32.0 Millions of Tn
Production
Millions of Tn
Soybean Production in Argentina (tn)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1965/70
1975/79
1995/96
1997/98
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
2004/05
21.860
1.756.000
12.600.000
18.800.000
20.600.000
24.000.000
30.000.000
36.000.000
32.000.000
3?.000.000
Soybean Yield
Average 1970
1624 Kg/Hectare
24.1 Bushel/Acre
Average 2003
2.200 Kg/Hectare
32.7 Bushel/Acre
Average 2004
Kg/Hectare
Bushel/Acre
91% of the soybean
production of Argentina
is concentrated in the so
called Pampa Húmeda
(Humid Pampa)
5% Northwest
Región
RegiónPampeana
Pampeana
NOA
NOA
NEA
NEA
4 %Northeast
World yield losses due to soybean diseases
10-15%
Argentina:
8 – 10 % = 3.000.000 Tn.= …$?
Soybean Diseases in Argentina
Sclerotinia Stem Rot
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Sudden Death Syndrome Fusarium solani
f.sp. glycines
Stem Canker
Phomopsis phaseoli
var. meridionalis
Soybean Diseases in Argentina
Brown Stem Rot
Phialophora gregata
Phytophthora Rot
Phytophthora sojae
Charcoal Rot
Macrophomina phaseolina
Sclerotium Blight
Sclerotium rolfsii
Anthracnose
Colletotrichum truncatum
Rhizoctonia Blight
Rhizoctonia solani
Late-Season Soybean Diseases
Brown Spot
Septoria glycines
Cercospora Blight and Cercospora kikuchii
Leaf Spot
Frogeye Leaf Spot
Cercospora sojina
SOYBEAN RUST
IN ARGENTINA
NATIONAL PROJECT OF SOYBEAN RUST
INTA ARGENTINA
(National Institute for Agricultural Technology)
PARTICIPANTS
Plant Pathologists
Provinces
• Buenos Aires - Córdoba
• Entre Ríos - Corrientes
• Chaco – La Pampa
Collaborators
• INTA
Provinces
• Misiones - Chaco
• Corrientes - Formosa
• Santa Fe – Córdoba
• Entre Ríos – Buenos
Aires
• Salta - Tucumán
Collaborators
INTA
•
•
•
•
•
Provinces
Salta
Tucumán
Entre Ríos
Santa Fe
Córdoba
Objectives of the Project
• 1- To survey soybean rust caused by
Phakopsora pachyrhizi (Asian form) and
Phakopsora meibomiae (American form), in
Argentina.
• 2- To review available information on rust
around the world and in Argentina.
Objectives of the Project
• 3- To develop tolerant and resistant cultivars.
• 4- To develop a soybean rust management
system to reduce the disease incidence.
1- Surveys for soybean rust detection
Objective:
Detection of soybean rust
A – On soybean crops
-Farmer plots
-Field trials and National Network of Soybean
Cultivar Evaluation.
B- On alternative hosts of Soybean Rust.
RESULTS
A- Soybean Rust detection in Argentina
2003: Only in two fields in the northeast
region.
2004: In most of the soybean producing
provinces.
2005: In all of the soybean producing
provinces.
RESULTS
Molecular studies (PCR) carried out
by Eduardo Guillin from INTA
allowed
the
identification
of
(Phakopsora pachyrhizi) in all the
soybean samples.
RESULTS
b- On Alternative Hosts
2003, 2004 and 2005: Soybean rust was
detected on Kudzu only in the province of
Misiones.
2005: Soybean rust was detected on volunteer
soybean plants collected in the main soybean
region of Argentina, during and after the winter.
2- Information on Soybean Rust
Objectives
- To share the information available on soybean rust
and its management strategies.
- To train researchers and extensionists in the field
and laboratory diagnose of soybean rust.
RESULTS
2- Information on Soybean Rust
- Workshops were carried out around the soybean
production area of Argentina.
- Public and private researchers and extensionists
were trained in field and laboratory diagnose of
soybean rust.
3- Genetic Breeding
Objective
-To develop tolerant and resistant cultivars.
Activities
- Tolerant cultivars were identified under natural
infection conditions on the field.
4- Cultural Management
Objective
-To develop a soybean rust management system
to reduce the disease incidence.
Activities
-Fungicide field trials. Published in:
www.inta.gov.ar/pergamino/novedades.htm
-Cultural management trials (planting date, type
of cultivars, et.)
Symptoms on soybean leaf
Symptoms on soybean leaf
Symptoms on soybean leaf
Symptoms on Kudzu
Symptoms on Kudzu
Cajanus - Cajanus cajan (with rust))
Cajanus - Cajanus cajan (without rust))
Kudzu - Pueraria lobata with rust)
Kudzu - Pueraria lobata without rust
Mucuna - Styzolobium niveum (with rust)
Mucuna – Styzolobium niveum (without rust)
Ppa1,2 Primer Pair
Ppm1,2 Primer Pair
Ppa1,2 and Pme1,2 are specific
markers for P. pachyrhizi and P.
meibomiae, respectively.
All the samples showed bands
similar to the primers Ppa1,2.
These results indicate the
presence of Asian rust in the
soybean and the alternative
host samples from the
provinces of Misiones and
Corrientes.
Specific determination of Phakopsora spp. In the Northeast region of Argentina
1 and 2: Soybean (RECSO-INTA Cerro Azul, Misiones)
3: Cajanus (Cajanus cajanus) (INTA Cerro Azul, Misiones)
4: Mucuna (Styzolobium niveum ) (INTA Cerro Azul, Misiones)
5- Kudzu (Pueraria lobata) (INTA Cerro Azul, Misiones)
6: Soybean (Gobernador Virasoro, Corrientes)
7: Phakposora pachyrhizi (lab. Dr. Frederick); 8: P. meibomiae (lab. Dr.
Frederick); 9: Blank (no DNA).
Urediniosore of Phakopsora pachyrhizi
Urediniospores of Phakopsora pachyrhizi
INTA Cerro Azul, Misiones
INTA Cerro Azul, Misiones – Breeding for soybean rust
INTA Cerro Azul, Misiones –Recso (Trial Net)
INTA Cerro Azul, Misiones –Recso (Trial Net)
INTA Cerro Azul, Misiones –Recso (Trial Net)
INTA Cerro Azul, Misiones –Recso (Trial Net)
INTA Cerro Azul, Misiones –Recso (Trial Net)
Symptoms of Downy Mildew on soybean
INTA Cerro Azul, Misiones –Recso (Trial Net)
INTA Cerro Azul, Misiones –Recso (Trial Net)
INTA Cerro Azul, Misiones –Recso (Trial Net)
Urediniosores of Phakopsora pachyrhizi
Urediniosores of Phakopsora pachyrhizi
INTA Cerro Azul, Misiones – Rust on Kudzu
INTA Cerro Azul, Misiones – Rust on Kudzu
Roya de la Soja
Roya de la Soja
Severidad 80%
Síntomas de roya en Kudzu
Roya de la Soja
(vista de pústulas bajo lupa de mesa)
Pústula
Pústula
Pústula
Roya de la Soja
Urediniosporas
Roya de la Soja
Urediniosporas
Roya de la Soja
Urediniosporas
Situación de la roya de la soja
en la Argentina durante el
ciclo 2004-2005
Province of Corrientes
Soybean Rust in Argentina - 2003
Province
of Misiones
Soybean Rust in Argentina - 2004
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Source: SINAVIMO
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Distribución roya de la soja
Soybean Rust in Argentina - 2005
Acumulado
a Abril de 2005
Source: Sinavimo
-Low severity of SR in the main soybean region
of Argentina was favored by early planting and
the use of varieties of group III and IV.
Both situations allowed the escape of the
soybean to the favorable weather conditions for
SR.
Distribución
de–la
soja 2004
Soybean Rust inroya
Argentina
December
Acumulado a Diciembre de 2004
Source: Sinavimo
Distribución roya de la soja
Soybean Rust in Argentina – January 2005
Acumulado a Enero de 2005
Source: Sinavimo
Soybean Rust in Argentina – February 2005
Source: Sinavimo
Distribución roya de la soja
Soybean Rust in Argentina
– March
Acumulado
a Marzo
de2005
2005
Source: Sinavimo
Distribución roya de la soja
Soybean Rust in Argentina
April2005
2005
Acumulado
a Abril–de
Source: Sinavimo
Phenological stages of soybean at the
time of SR detection (in percentage)
R7
11%
R8
1%
R4
10%
Otros
81%
R3
7%
R1/R2
1%
Source: Sinavimo
R5
31%
R6
39%
cantidad denuncias recibidas
Number of SR detections
Date of SR detection
Argentina – 2004/2005
Distribución
de lasindenuncias
de roya de la soja
273
196
8
4
diciembre
enero
December January
2004
Source: Sinavimo
2005
9
8
febrero
February
marzo
March
meses
abril
April
mayo
May
SR detection during December 2004 – May 2005
Province
December
March
April
May
TOTAL
Buenos Aires
10
35
1
46
Córdoba
13
52
1
66
Corrientes
6
Chaco
January
February
2
7
4
2
1
1
1
24
124
10
Entre Ríos
Formosa
21
2
29
134
4
4
Jujuy
2
2
La Pampa
3
3
Misiones
1
1
Salta
Santa Fe
1
1
11
26
37
109
30
141
Santiago del
Estero
Tucumán
Souvce: Sinavimo
5
1
7
1
6
8
•
During the 2004-2005 soybean season SR was detected in
all the soybean regions of Argentina, but in the south area
of province of Buenos Aires.
•
Since usually the causal agent of SR can not overwinter in
most part of the main soybean region of Argentina the
actual source of inoculum for the country is southern Brazil
and Paraguay.
•
The incidence and severity of SR in Argentina will depend
on the favorable weather conditions for the disease in both,
Argentina and southern Brazil.
• During 2003-2004 the weather conditons
were favorable for SR in Brazil and
Paraguay but were unfavorable in
Argentina.
• During 2004-2005 the weather conditons
were favorable for SR in Argentina but
unfavorable in Brazil and Paraguay.
•
•
•
La aplicación de fungicidas foliares apenas se detecten los
primeros síntomas se constituye en una herramienta
factible de ser utilizada para minimizar los daños causados
por la roya.
Si las condiciones favorables para la enfermedad persisten
durante un tiempo prolongado pueden ser necesarias
varias aplicaciones.
Diversos fungicidas han sido mencionados como efectivos.
Entre estos se encuentran los triazoles, de acción curativa,
como cyproconazole, difenoconazole, epoxiconazole,
tebuconazole, etc., las estrobilurinas, de acción preventiva,
como azoxistrobina, pyraclostrobin, y trifloxystrobin, y las
mezclas de estrobilurinas con triazoles.
Aplicaciones preventivas cuando se detecta la enfermedad en lotes
cercanos
Ventajas: Mayor disponibilidad de equipos de aplicación de
fungicidas. Si el cultivo está en estadío R3 avanzado o en R4, puede
evitarse una segunda aplicación, si el cultivar es de grupo III o IV
corto.
Aplicaciones preventivas cuando se detecta la enfermedad en el lote
en consideración
Ventajas: Si el cultivo está en estadío R3 avanzado o en R4, puede
evitarse una segunda aplicación, si el cultivar es de grupo III o IV
corto.
Desventajas: Si la detección no es temprana y los síntomas son
avanzados pierde eficiencia la aplicación del fungicida.
Manejo integrado de la roya de la soja
en la Argentina
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
-Monitoreo intensivo de la enfermedad durante el período
reproductivo del cultivo de soja.
-Diagnóstico temprano de la enfermedad.
-Uso de variedades de buen comportamiento frente la enfermedad.
-Uso racional de fungicidas preventivos y/o curativos.
-Eliminación de hospedantes alternativos y plantas guachas de
soja.
-Siembras tempranas y/o de grupos cortos que permitan el escape
del cultivo a las condiciones ambientales favorables para la
enfermedad.
-DIVERSIFICACION: Fechas de siembra, tipo de cultivar (grupos).
THANK YOU VERY MUCH
ivancovich@pergamino.inta.gov.ar
www.inta.gov.ar
Diagnóstico rápido de roya de la soja
Método de las “tiritas” (Opción 1)
Se coloca la hoja a analizar
en una bolsita especial y se le
agrega una solución buffer
Se macera el tejido con un
palillo de madera
Se vierte el líquido obtenido en un microtubo (Eppendorf)
Diagnóstico rápido de roya de la soja
Método de las “tiritas” (Opción 2)
Se extrae un disco del tejido foliar a analizar con la tapita del
microtubo (Eppendorf) y se coloca dentro del mismo.
Se agrega la solución buffer y se macera el tejido
con un palillo de madera. Finalmente se coloca la
tirita en el microtubo.
(A)
B
A los 20 minutos se hace la lectura, donde la línea roja superior
(A) (control) indica que el método funciona y la línea roja inferior
(B) indica que la reacción es positiva para roya de la soja.
Resultado: Muestras 4 y 6 positivas y muestra 1 negativa.
Fungicide evaluation for soybean rust control in Argentina.
Antonio Ivancovich (1), Eduardo Zini (2), Grisela Botta (1) and
Miguel Mendez (2)
(1) INTA Pergamino, Argentina
(2) INTA El Sombrerito–Corrientes, Argentina.
Results published in: www.inta.gov.ar/pergamino/novedades.htm
OBJECTIVE
Evaluation of fungicides to control
soybean rust caused by Phakopsora
pachyrhizi, under field conditions in
Argentina.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Location of the field trial: Colonia Liebig, province of Corrientes, Argentina.
GPS S27° 50' 56,2'‘ W: 55° 53' 11,4''
Randomized block design with three replications.
Plots were 4 rows, 20 meters long.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Dates of fungicide application: March 18 (R3) and April 25
(R6).
Tejeet 8002. Double flat fan nozzles.
180 lts of water/hectare.
45 pounds (psi).
-Evaluation of disease severity: Percentage of leaves with
symptoms at R3, R6 and R7 growth stage (Fehr`s scale)
(0 – 100%).
Fungicides to control soybean rust – Corrientes - Argentina
Treatments
Brand name/Company
Dose
cc/ha
Growth stage
(*)
Tryfloxistrobin +
Cyproconazole
Sphere/
Bayer
300
R3
Tryfloxistrobin +
Cyproconazole
Sphere/
Bayer
300
R3+R6
Myclobutanil
Rally/Dow
500
R3
Myclobutanil
Rally/Dow
500
R 3 + R6
Fenbuconazole
Indar/Dow
500
R3
Pyraclostrobin
+Epoxiconazole
Opera/Basf
500
R3
Pyraclostrobin
+Epoxiconazole
Opera/Basf
500
R 3 + R6
Pyraclostrobin +
Epoxiconazole +
+Epoxiconazole Carbendazim
Opera/Basf
+
Duett/Basf
500 +
300
R3
Pyraclostrobin +
Epoxiconazole +
+Epoxiconazole Carbendazim
Opera/Basf
+
Duett/Basf
500 +
300
R 3 + R6
NS126 + MKH 913
Summit Agro
565 +
375
R3
NS126 + MKH 913
Summit Agro
565 +
375
R 3 + R6
NS126 + MKH 913
Summit Agro
750 +
500
R3
NS126 + MKH 913
Summit Agro
750 +
500
R 3 + R6
*Fehr Scale
Fungicides to control soybean rust – Corrientes - Argentina
Treatments
Brand name/Company
Dose cc/ha
Growth stage
(*)
A -1677 SC
Crompton
Dosis 1
R3
A -1677 SC
Crompton
Dosis 1
R 3 +R6
A -1677 SC
Crompton
Dosis 2
R3
Azoxystrobin +
Cyproconazole
Amistar Extra +
Nimbus/
Syngenta
300 + 1000
R3
Azoxystrobin +
Cyproconazole
Amistar Extra +
Nimbus/
Syngenta
300 + 1000
R3 + R6
Tebuconazole
Genbra
290
R3
Difenoconazole
Genbra
300
R3
Hexaconazole
Genbra
400
R3
Tebuconazole +
Carbendazim
Genbra
290 +
500
R3
Difenoconazole +
Carbendazim
Genbra
300 + 500
R3
Hexaconazole +
Carbendazim
Genbra
400 +
500
R3
*Fehr Scale
Fungicides to control soybean rust – Corrientes - Argentina
Treatments
Brand name/Company
Dose cc/ha
Growth stage
(*)
Tetraconazole
Domark 10/
Sipcam
400
R3
Tetraconazole
Domark 10/
Sipcam
600
R3
Tetraconazole
Domark 10/
Sipcam
800
R3
Triadimefon
Xenor/CAS
350
R3
Triadimefon
Xenor/CAS
350
R3 + R6
Triadimefon +
Coady.
Xenor/CAS + Coady.
350 + 250
R3
Triadimefon +
Carbendazim
Xenor + Barrier/
CAS
350 + 1000
R3
Triadimefon + Carbendazim
+Coady.
Xenor + Barrier
+Coady./
CAS
350+1000 +
250
R3
Xenor/CAS
500
R3
-------
-----
-----
Triadimefon
CHECK
*Fehr Scale
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Fungicides to control soybean rust – Corrientes – Argentina - 2004
Treatments
Dose
cc/ha
Growth stage
(*)
Tryfloxistrobin +
Cyproconazole
300
R3
10
17
Tryfloxistrobin +
Cyproconazole
300
R3+R6
10
8
Myclobutanil
500
R3
12
30
Myclobutanil
500
R 3 + R6
12
17
Fenbuconazole
500
R3
12
ND
Pyraclostrobin
+Epoxiconazole
500
R3
7
10
Pyraclostrobin
+Epoxiconazole
500
R 3 + R6
7
5
Pyraclostrobin +
Epoxiconazole +
+Epoxiconazole Carbendazim
500 +
300
R3
7
10
Pyraclostrobin +
Epoxiconazole +
+Epoxiconazole Carbendazim
500 +
300
R 3 + R6
7
5
CHECK
-----
-----
41
65
(*) Fehr Scale
(**) Percentage of leaf area with symptoms of rust
ND: No data
Rust severity
(**)
4-21 R6
Rust severity
(**)
5-4 R7
Fungicides to control soybean rust – Corrientes – Argentina - 2004
Treatments
Dosis
cc/ha
Growth stage
(*)
Rust severity
(**)
4-21 R6
Rust severity
(**)
5-4 R7
NS126 + MKH 913
565 +
375
R3
6
10
NS126 + MKH 913
565 +
375
R 3 + R6
6
5
NS126 + MKH 913
750 +
500
R3
8
10
NS126 + MKH 913
750 +
500
R 3 + R6
8
5
A -1677 SC
Dosis 1
R3
18
20
A -1677 SC
Dosis 1
R 3 +R6
18
17
A -1677 SC
Dosis 2
R3
11
ND
Azoxystrobin + Cyproconazole
300 + 1000
R3
9
10
Azoxystrobin + Cyproconazole
300 + 1000
R3 + R6
9
5
-----
-----
41
65
CHECK
(*) Fehr Scale
(**) Percentage of leaf area with symptoms of rust
ND: No data
Fungicides to control soybean rust – Corrientes – Argentina - 2004
Treatments
Dosis
cc/ha
Growth stage
(*)
Tebuconazole
290
R3
12
ND
Difenoconazole
300
R3
10
ND
Hexaconazole
400
R3
13
ND
290 +
500
R3
7
ND
300 + 500
R3
8
ND
400 +
500
R3
9
ND
Tetraconazole
400
R3
12
ND
Tetraconazole
600
R3
8
ND
Tetraconazole
800
R3
8
ND
CHECK
-----
-----
41
65
Tebuconazole +
Carbendazim
Difenoconazole + Carbendazim
Hexaconazole +
Carbendazim
(*) Fehr Scale
(**) Percentage of leaf area with symptoms of rust
ND: No data
Rust severity
(**)
4-21 R6
Rust severity (**)
5-4 R7
Fungicides to control soybean rust – Corrientes – Argentina - 2004
Treatments
Dosis
cc/ha
Growth stage
(*)
Rust severity
(**)
4-21 R6
Triadimefon
350
R3
15
30
Triadimefon
350
R3 + R6
15
10
Triadimefon +
Coadyuvante
350 + 250
R3
16
ND
Triadimefon + Carbendazim
350 + 1000
R3
18
ND
Triadimefon + Carbendazim +
Coadyuvante
350 +
1000 + 250
R3
9
ND
Triadimefon
500
R3
16
ND
CHECK
-----
-----
41
65
(*) Fehr Scale
(**) Percentage of leaf area with symptoms of rust
ND: No data
Rust severity (**)
5-4 R7
CONCLUSIONS
The tested fungicides were efficient to
control soybean rust. The disease severity
was reduced more than 80% in relation
to the check plots.
Double treatments kept rust severity at low
levels until R7 growth stage. Some of the
treatments had very good residual effect.
These results show the efficient
control of soybean rust through the
use of fungicide.
Considerations for an efficient use of
fungicide to control soybean rust in
Argentina
Alternative 1
Preventative application at R3 growth
stage.
Advantages: Availability of fungicide and
equipments to apply the fungicide.
Disadvantages: If farmers do not have enough
fungicide for a second application they may not have
it when they really need it.
Alternative 2
Preventative application when the
disease is detected nearby.
Advantages:
Availability of fungicide and equipment to apply
the fungicide.
If the disease appears when soybeans are in R3 or R4
growth stage a second application could be avoided
(with cultivars of groups III and IV).
Alternative 3
Application of fungicide when the
disease is detected in the field under
consideration
Advantages:
If the disease appears when soybeans are in R3 or R4
growth stage a second application could be avoided
(with cultivars of group III and IV).
Disadvantages:
If the detection is not early enough fungicide
application it is not efficient.
Final considerations
Integrated management is the most efficient
tool to control soybean rust.
-Use of resistant varieties when they be
available.
-Use of fungicide.
-DIVERSIFICATION: Different planting dates,
and different group of cultivars.
Field fungicide trial to control soybean rust
Col. Liebig – Corrientes (2004)
Field fungicide trial to control soybean rust
Col. Liebig – Corrientes (2004)
Field fungicide trial to control soybean rust
Col. Liebig – Corrientes (2004)
Rust Severity - Check 65%
Soybean Rust in Reconquista (Province of Santa Fe, Argentina)
Treated with fungicide
Non Treated
Treated with fungicide