Global Houston - Greater Houston Partnership

Transcription

Global Houston
An assessment of Houston's ties
to the world economy
May 2015
This analysis was prepared by the Research Department
of the Greater Houston Partnership:
Patrick Jankowski, Jenny Philip, Edith Chambers, Josh Davis,
Roel Martinez and Allegra Ellis.
Publication underwritten by:
An electronic version of this report can be found at www.houston.org/economy
May 2015
Table of Contents
Global Houston Analysis
Introduction
2
The Criteria
2
A Wide Open Door
3
The Importance of Exports
4
The Role of Imports
5
From Argentina to Zimbabwe
5
Foreign Direct Investment
6
A Different Kind of Gateway
7
"I Got Here as Soon as I Could."
8
Infrastructure Befitting a Global City
8
Conclusion - What's Past is Prologue
9
Trade Prof iles – Houston’s 20 Largest Par tners
Mexico
14
China
16
Brazil
18
Venezuela
20
Colombia
22
Saudi Arabia
24
Germany
26
Netherlands
28
South Korea
30
Russia
32
United Kingdom
34
Kuwait
36
Canada
38
Japan
40
Belgium
42
India
44
Chile
46
Italy
48
France
50
Ecuador
52
Commodity Trade, Ranked by Combined Export-Import Value
54
Trading Partners, Ranked by Combined Export-Import Value
58
Partnership Research | May 2015
1
introduction
If consumers vote with their feet, corporations vote with their
capital, and Houston has fared well in recent decisions.
its decision. Union has publicly stated it’s looking to make
more acquisitions in Houston in the future.
• In April, Air New Zealand announced it will initiate direct
service between Houston and Auckland this December.
When it does, Houston will have the only airport in North
America that serves all six inhabited continents. Only four
other cities in the world can make the same claim—Dubai,
Doha, Abu Dhabi, and Johannesburg.
• In January, Japan-based Daikin Industries announced it
would invest $417 million to expand its local Goodman
Manufacturing operations. Once completed, the new
facility will be the most technologically sophisticated
HVAC manufacturing center in the world.
• In March, German-based Union Investment announced it
would purchase 1000 Main for $419 million. The firm cited
the resilience of Houston’s economy as a major factor in
These announcements signaled the confidence these firms
have in Houston’s future. They also reflect what foreign
investors have known for some time and locals are coming
to realize—Houston has arrived as a global city.1
The Criteria
Defining what constitutes a global city has become a
cottage industry, with scholars, think tanks and universities
promoting their own criteria.2 However, a handful of qualities
are common to all lists:
Trade: The Houston-Galveston Customs District handles
more than $250 billion in foreign freight (imports and
exports) every year and routinely ranks among the nation’s
busiest customs districts.
• Large, robust economy
Corporate Headquarters: Twenty-six companies on the ’14
U.S. Fortune 500 list have their headquarters in Houston.
Seventy of the 100 largest non-U.S. corporations on the ’14
Fortune Global 500 also have a presence here.
• High volume of international trade
• Concentration of corporate headquarters
• Deep foreign investment
Foreign Investment: More than 150 foreign-owned firms have
invested in office expansions, new plants and expanded
distribution facilities in Houston since the beginning of ’11.
• Large foreign-born population
• Substantial transportation infrastructure
• International research centers
• Well-established arts and culture scene
How does Houston measure against these criteria?
Economy: The U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis estimates
Houston’s gross regional product, the value of all goods and
services produced in the region, at $517.4 billion in ’13. If
metro Houston were a sovereign nation, it would rank as the
world’s 25th largest economy, behind Poland and Nigeria
but ahead of Norway and Belgium.
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT - '13
World Rank
Country or Region
$ Billions
23
Nigeria
521.6
24
Poland
517.7
25
Metro Houston
517.4
26
Norway
512.6
27
Belgium
508.3
28
Taiwan
489.1
29
Austria
416.1
Immigrant Population: Nearly one in four residents, 22.6
percent of Houston’s population, were born outside the U.S.
Metro Houston’s 1.4 million foreign-born exceeds the entire
population of the city of Dallas.
Percent of Metro Residents Foreign-Born
10 Most Populous Metro Areas
38.8%
33.4%
28.5%
22.6%
22.0%
Miami
Los Angeles
New York
Houston
Washington
17.8%
17.5%
17.3%
13.3%
10.0%
Chicago
Dallas
Boston
Atlanta
Philadelphia
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013 American Community Survey
Source: International Monetary Fund and U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
The term “city” used in this report is interchangeable with “metro Houston.”
2
Additional discussions of the global city concept can be found at New Geography, Brookings Institution, Global World Cities Research Network, The Mori Memorial
Foundation, and Economist Intelligence Unit.
1
2
Transportation Infrastructure: Twenty foreign-flag carriers
offer non-stop air service to 73 markets overseas. When Air
New Zealand initiates service, those numbers will rise to 21
and 74 respectively. In ’14, the Port of Houston ranked first in
foreign tonnage among U.S. ports, the 19th consecutive year
in the top spot.
Global Research: The Texas Medical Center is the largest
medical center in the world. Rice University’s James A. Baker
III Institute for Public Policy attracts scholars and analysts
from across the globe. The University of Houston is one of
only three public Tier One universities in the state.3
Arts and Culture: Fodor’s Travel rates the Museum of Fine
Arts, Houston ninth among the “Must-See Art Museums in
America.” The Houston Grand Opera, Houston Symphony
Orchestra and The Houston Ballet are internationally
renowned. More than 500 institutions are devoted to the
performing and visual arts in Houston.
Just One More
Urban theorist Joel Kotkin adds another criterion to the
global scorecard. For a place to truly be a global city, it must
be the focal point for an industry, a place in which a firm
must have a physical presence or visit on a regular basis
to stay current in the industry. For fashion, Paris and Milan
meet that criterion. In finance, it’s New York and London. For
technology, San Francisco and Seattle claim that honor. For
energy, it’s Houston.
Houston’s global connections are as strong as its ties to the
oil and gas industry. If energy prices remain low for long,
those global connections will become more important to the
region’s growth. In the pages that follow, the Partnership
discusses Houston’s ties to the global economy.
A Wide Open Door
More than $253 billion in goods and commodities passed
through the Houston-Galveston Customs District in ’14 ― an
average of $482,000 in trade transiting the region every 60
seconds. The top commodities handled: electrical machinery,
Houston-Galveston Customs District Traffic
$ Billions
'1 4
131
122
'1 3
129
123
'1 2
127
'1 1
147
119
'1 0
'09
117
75
'08
92
90
'07
151
72
'06
113
58
'05
'04
149
95
104
47
89
39
65
'03
32
'02
29
40
'0 1
29
42
'00
29
fuels, industrial machinery, iron and steel, organic chemicals
and plastics.4
Customs district traffic has grown 238 percent since ’00. In
comparison, Houston’s payroll employment has grown 34.2
percent and population 38.2 percent over the same period.
Houston ranked as the nation’s fifth busiest trade gateway
in ’14, up from ninth in ’00. The district had ranked as
high as third in recent years, but a $25 billion drop in the
value of crude imports since ’12 has reduced the overall
value of shipments and dropped Houston a few notches
in the rankings.
Many customs districts are simply gateways through which
goods pass on their way to global markets. Third-ranked
Laredo is a typical example. That district handled $280.0
billion in foreign trade last year, a sizeable chunk for a metro
with 266,673 residents, or 4.1 percent of Houston’s population.
The Houston-Galveston Customs District is different,
however, in that much of its traffic is tied to local manufacturing. Three examples:
• More than $27.6 billion in chemical and plastic exports
passed through the customs district last year. Houston
has 42.0 percent of the nation’s base petrochemical
capacity and more than 500 chemical plants operate in
the region.
49
45
Exports
Imports
Source: WISER, from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division
• Crude oil imports totaled $57.5 billion in ’14 and one-fourth
of the nation’s refining capacity (4.5 million barrels per
day) is located on the Texas Gulf Coast.
Only two percent of all universities classified by the Carnegie Foundation receive Tier One designation.
The Houston-Galveston Customs District includes the ports of Houston, Galveston, Texas City, Freeport, Lavaca, Corpus Christi and Houston Intercontinental and Sugar
Land Regional Airports.
3
4
3
• Machinery exports via the district totaled $19.9 billion in
’14 and Houston has 16.9 percent of all U.S. jobs in agriculture, construction and mining equipment manufacturing.
The U.S. International Trade Administration (ITA) measures
exports differently than the Census Bureau. ITA looks at
where a good or commodity began its export journey, be that
the factory floor, the city where purchased, or the warehouse
where the goods were consolidated for shipment. The ITA
refers to this as the “Origin of Movement” or “OM” series.
Top Exporting Metros - ’13
HOUSTON
$114.9 BILLION
NEW YORK CITY
$106.9 BILLION
LOS ANGELES
$76.3 BILLION
Based on Origin of Movement, Houston led the nation in
exports in ’12 and ’13, beating out New York, and ranked
second from ’05 to ’11, just behind New York. Houston’s
OM exports grew from $41.7 billion in ’05 to $114.9 in ’13,
a 175 percent increase. Top exports according to the ITA
are refined products, chemicals, industrial machinery,
computers, and oil and gas extraction.
SEATTLE
$56.6 BILLION
DETROIT
$53.9 BILLION
Source: U.S. International Trade Administration
The Importance of Exports
To illustrate the importance of exports to job
growth, ITA offers a simple rule of thumb. Every
$1 billion in U.S. manufacturing exports supports
5,210 jobs; every $1 billion in U.S. service exports
supports 7,033. Admittedly that’s simplistic, and
it lumps all industries and all metros into one
formula, but it does illustrate that export growth
supports job growth.
A more accurate measure of the impact exports
have on Houston can be developed using the
Regional Input-Output Modeling System, also
known as RIMS-II. The U.S. Bureau of Economic
Analysis has developed the model using an inputoutput table, a method for determining how an
increase in output in one sector requires inputs
from various other sectors in a region’s economy.
The Partnership uses RIMS-II to measure the
impact a company relocating to Houston has on
the local economy. A typical relocation results in
additional goods or services being sold outside
of Houston, so the same method can be used to
estimate the impact that an increase in exports to
markets outside the U.S. will have on the region.
The table to the right provides insight into how
each $100 million increase in exports originated
in Houston might benefit the region.
4
Potential Impact – Goods and Services Exports
Economic Impact
($ Millions)
Additional Employment
Direct*
Indirect**
Total
Total
Sales
Change in
GDP
$100 Million in Manufacturing Exports
Petrochemicals
84
876
960
$262.8
$94.9
Plastics
109
Oil field equipment
225
845
954
$261.9
$97.0
795
1020
$211.7
$95.3
Electronic components
Scientific instruments
428
721
1149
$198.8
$89.3
490
747
1237
$197.2
$103.4
$100 Million in Service Exports
Engineering services
Management consulting
832
1,046
1,878
$211.8
$139.8
1,095
1,087
2,182
$215.2
$140.9
Computer systems design
753
1,146
1,899
$220.3
$142.9
Healthcare services
868
1,023
1,891
$214.6
$143.0
1,010
924
1,934
$197.5
$133.5
Environmental services
* jobs in the manufacturing plant or service provider
** jobs created in firms that support the manufacturer or service provider
Source: Greater Houston Partnership calculations using BEA’s Regional Input-Output
Modeling System
The role of Imports
Calculating the contribution of imports to Houston’s economy
is more problematic. On the surface, importing a good
consumed locally implies a job has been lost to an overseas
manufacturer. But it’s not that simple. An import may arrive
at the Port of Houston as a raw good (crude oil), undergo
local processing (refining), and enter the U.S. economy as a
finished product (gasoline) or be an export (diesel) destined
for a foreign market. For example, more than $53.6 billion
in refined products left the Houston customs district for
markets overseas last year.
amount became components of products manufactured
here, such as computers, oil field equipment, vehicles, and
measuring instruments, some of which were exported.
Local firms also import a significant volume of intermediate
goods that are incorporated into final manufactured products.
Think global supply chain. Last year, Houston imported
$72.6 million in nuts and bolts. Some found their way on to
the racks at Lowe’s and The Home Depot, but a significant
And there are imports that allow us to do our jobs efficiently
and effectively. More than $118.0 million in forklifts, $735.4
million in tractors, $202.4 million in compressors, and $126.9
million in scaffolding and ladders were imported through the
customs district last year. The point is, imports also play a
vital role in almost every aspect of Houston’s economy.
More easily classified are the imports that add flavor to
our quality of life. The region imported $1.3 billion in wine,
cognac and whiskey last year. Local mixologists could still
tend bar without these spirits, but the additional selections
provide locals with more options, and in a small way enhance
a Houstonian's quality of life.
From Argentina to Zimbabwe
The Partnership, working with a variety of sources, has identified more than 5,700 Houston-area firms engaged in global
commerce.5 Ten years ago, the Partnership included just over 3,200 firms in its International Business Directory. In ’86,
International Houston, a directory published by the Houston Chamber of Commerce (predecessor to the Partnership)
contained just over 1,900 firms. An analysis of the firms on this year’s list finds:
• At least 2,800 local manufacturers engage in global
commerce, either by importing components and raw
materials or exporting their finished products overseas.6
• Houston-area firms trade goods or services with virtually
every country in the world. The few exceptions are North
Korea and a handful of island nations such as Kiribati, Niue
and Vanuatu. Even Cuba, under trade sanctions since the
’60s, received a few thousand dollars in Houston exports
last year.
Houston has a large cadre of firms that export services—
construction management, engineering and design, advertising and marketing, software and computer systems,
accounting and legal services—but these firms are difficult to
identify since they don’t file customs declarations or bills of
lading. A partial count from just one source the Partnership
used in developing the overall list suggests that well over
2,200 Houston companies export their services overseas.
Houston Firms Engaged in Global Commerce
• Global trade is not confined to Houston’s largest corporations. The Partnership found several hundred firms with
fewer than 10 employees shipping goods and commodities overseas.
• The Port of Houston and Bush Intercontinental Airport are
the primary export gateways for locally-produced goods,
but some Houston goods leave via other ports, including
Los Angeles and Miami.
• A number of smaller firms have found niches exporting
an odd variety of items—e.g. groceries to the Middle
East, used clothing to Latin America, and dried goat
skins to Asia.
• Some exporters send only a handful of shipments
overseas each year while others send dozens each day.
5,700
3,200
1,900
'86
'05
Source: Various
'15
5
The 5,700 firms come from combining information from the following sources—Manufacturers News, Office of the Governor of Texas, Port Import/Export Reporting
Service (PIERS), U.S. Ex-Im Bank, Uniworld, the Partnership’s own proprietary database, local consulates, and independent web-based research.
6
The count is likely much higher but the various databases the Partnership relied on were inconsistent in how they reported individual company data.
5
Foreign Direct Investment
Foreign direct investment (FDI) primarily takes two
forms in Houston:7
• The establishment of new offices, factories and distribution facilities, and
• The acquisition of real estate.
FDI is important to Houston for several reasons. It infuses new
capital into the region, helps to underpin jobs, facilitates the
exchange of ideas and best practices and stimulates growth.
The Partnership has identified more than 600 foreignowned companies with operations in Houston. These firms
come from 66 countries and territories. They operate in all
sectors of the economy, with their strongest presence in
chemicals, energy, finance, retail and transportation. Some
are household names, like BP, Shell and Toyota, while others
are lesser-known firms, like Foxconn, Marubeni and Technip.
All are important to Houston’s economy.
A recent study by The Brookings Institution outlined the
benefits that foreign investment brings to the U.S.:
U.S. affiliates of foreign companies pay above-average
wages. According to Brookings, wages are 28 percent
higher in foreign-owned firms. The think tank notes these
firms pay higher wages because they tend to be for highlyproductive jobs concentrated in capital intensive industries.
In Houston, foreign investment tends to be concentrated in
the chemicals and engineering sectors, industries whose
average annual compensation was twice the average for all
Houston industries, and energy, which tends to pay three
times the local average.
Foreign direct investment increases the region’s capital
stock. The Partnership has identified at least $12.5 billion in
capital investments made by foreign-owned firms in Houston
since January ’11.
FDI increases the region’s manufacturing base. More than
half the above investments were in the manufacturing
sector, primarily in chemicals processing and equipment
manufacturing.
FDI increases trade and exports. Five commodities
accounted for 77 percent of the region’s exports in ’14—
chemicals, industrial equipment, electrical equipment,
plastics and refined products. These are also the sectors
which have attracted the largest share of foreign investment
in recent years.
U.S. affiliates of foreign companies conduct a large amount
of R&D. Many foreign-owned firms have offices in Houston
because the region has the second largest population of
engineers in the U.S. (and energy and chemicals, by their
very nature, are research intensive.)8
7
8
6
Selected Foreign-Owned Companies
with 500 or More Employees in Houston
BANKING
BBVA Compass Bank - Spain
HSBC - United Kingdom
BUILDING MATERIALS
CEMEX - Mexico
CHEMICALS
Air Liquide - France
BASF Group - Germany
Bayer - Germany
INEOS AG - Switzerland
Lyondell Basell - Netherlands
ELECTRICAL
EQUIPMENT
Toshiba Corporation - Japan
ELECTRONICS CONTRACT
MANUFACTURING
Hon Hai Precision Industry - Taiwan
ENERGY
CB&I - Netherlands
ENGINEERING &
CONSTRUCTION SERVICES
Foster Wheeler - Switzerland
Technip Group - France
ENGINEERING SERVICES
ABB - Switzerland
AMEC Oil & Gas Americas United Kingdom
Bilfinger Tepsco - Germany
Siemens - Germany
Wood Group - United Kingdom
WorleyParsons Group - Austrailia
FABRICATED
METAL PRODUCTS
Pentair Valves & Controls United Kingdom
Sodexo - France
GEOPHYSICAL
SERVICES
Compagnie Generale
De Geophysique - France
MACHINERY
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Japan
MANUFACTURING
Wartsila Finland - Finland
METALS
JSW Steel - India
OIL & GAS
EXPLORATION
& PRODUCTION
BG Group - United Kingdom
BHP Billiton - Austrailia
Maersk - Denmark
PDVSA - Venezuela
OIL & GAS
INTEGRATED
OPERATIONS
BP PLC - United Kingdom
Royal Dutch Shell Group Netherlands
Statoil - Norway
OIL & GAS SERVICES
Aker Solutions - Norway
Schlumberger - France
TGS - Norway
PIPELINE &
TRANSPORTATION
OF OIL
Enbridge Energy - Canada
Transcanada Corp. - Canada
Source: Greater Houston Partnership International database, May 2015
The Partnership estimates that foreign-owned firms
accounted for 150,000 private sector jobs in Houston in ’14.
Brookings places the number closer to 200,000.
There’s a third form of FDI, the acquisition of existing companies by foreign firms, but that’s not included in this analysis.
The Los Angelese metro ranks first.
FOOD SERVICES
A Different Kind of Gateway
In recent years, Houston has emerged as a gateway city for
foreign real estate investors. The term “gateway” is used
in the industry to describe the most-desirable real estate
markets for foreign investors. To the layman, a better term
might be “AAA” or “high-yield,” which better defines investment performance in these markets. New York, Washington
D.C., Boston, Los Angeles and San Francisco have been the
traditional gateway markets for foreign investors.
What makes a gateway city? Strong employment growth,
which leads to high demand for office space; low class-A
office vacancies, which support rent growth; limited supply
of new office space, which assures vacancy rates won’t
increase significantly; rent stability, helping maintain cash
flow; reasonable cap rates, offering a decent rate of return;9
strong prospects for economic growth, suggesting demand
for space will remain strong; and a high volume of deals
and transactions.
How does Houston measure against those criteria? The
region has added 624,000 jobs since March ’05, more than
any other U.S. metro except the much larger New York. The
overall class-A office vacancy rate stood at 9.2 percent at
the end of Q1/15 and was substantially lower in several of
Houston’s submarkets. In spite of the recent economic
boom, the office market is not overbuilt, though some soft
pockets may appear in coming months as buildings under
construction are completed. Houston is projected to add
another 1.0 to 2.0 million residents over the next 10 years
and the economy is expected to more than double in size
over the next 25 years.
Additionally, investing in Houston appeals to foreigners
because local office leases run for seven to 10 years, unlike
leases in Europe, which may run for as long as 30 years,
limiting the possibility for income growth. Likewise, Houston
apartment leases renew every 12 months, also allowing for
more frequent rent increases.
Working with data from Real Capital Analytics, the Partnership has identified 96 foreign buyers and more than 400
transactions that have taken place here since ’01. These
transactions had a total value in excess of $12.0 billion.
The buyers came from 21 countries, with Canada, Australia,
Israel, Germany and South Korea accounting for approximately three-fourths of the total transaction value.
Indications are that foreign buyers will continue to shop for
Houston real estate. In a Q4/14 member survey, the Association of Foreign Investors in Real Estate (AFIRE) ranked
Houston as the sixth best market in the world in which to
invest. (New York, London, San Francisco, Tokyo and Madrid
ranked one through five.) Houston was fifth in ’13 and
fourth in ’14. The recent slip in the rankings reflects Tokyo’s
and Madrid’s ascendance, not a diminution of Houston’s
growth prospects.
Foreign investors have a penchant for all forms of real
estate—multifamily, industrial, hotels, retail—but have a
penchant for trophy office buildings. Houston boasts 32
skyscrapers, buildings at least 150 meters tall. These trophy
buildings represent 39.3 million square feet of leasable
space and a ’14 appraised value of $9.5 billion. Working
with various sources, the Partnership has determined that
11 are owned, co-owned, or financed by foreign investors.
These 11 represent 12.5 million square feet, or 31.8 percent
of the trophy space, and $4.3 billion in appraised value. The
number of foreign-owned skyscrapers may be higher, but
because many buyers are secretive about their transactions,
actual ownership of many buildings is hard to determine.
SELECTED FOREIGN-OWNED TROPHY BUILDINGS IN HOUSTON
Building Name
Property Address
Foreign Ownership Interest
Impr Sq Ft
'14 Appraised Value
JPMorgan Chase Tower
600 Travis St
Lebanon
1,992,321
$514,361,991
Pennzoil Place
711 Louisiana St
Germany
1,424,162
$354,528,379
Three Allen Center
333 Clay St
Canada
1,282,908
$314,777,900
Continental Center I
1600 Smith St
Canada
1,227,182
$356,478,246
Heritage Plaza
1111 Bagby St
Canada & U.S.
1,212,895
$369,527,791
Two Allen Center (Devon Energy Tower)
1200 Smith St
Canada
1,181,743
$237,633,220
BG Group Place
811 Main St
Korea
972,474
$468,546,916
Hess Tower
1501 McKinney St
Canada
965,426
$396,555,006
Total Plaza
1201 Louisiana St
Canada
877,625
$185,005,418
1000 Main (Reliant Energy Plaza)
1000 Main St
Germany
850,294
$315,485,000
Wedge International Tower
1415 Louisiana St
Lebanon
536,626
$81,910,987
SOURCE: Partnership Research; Harris County Appraisal District; Texas Secretary of State; CoStar; Hoovers; Skyscrapepage.com; Skyscraper.com; Emporis.com; Houston Business Journal; building websites
9
A cap rate is the annual income an asset produces divided by the price paid for that asset. In practice, calculating the rate involves a host of factors. Cap rates are an
indirect measure of how fast an investment pays for itself, and is useful when comparing the merits of different real estate investments.
7
“I got here as soon as I could.”
Economists often cite the size of a region’s immigrant population as a hallmark of a global city. Think of London, Paris,
and New York. One feature they all have in common is large
communities of foreign nationals. Why is that important? For
several reasons:
Immigrants are risk takers. They left their homes and their
families to start new lives in a different country. Risk-taking
begets innovation, which generates new ideas, spawning
new technologies and creating new growth opportunities.
Immigrants are entrepreneurial. According to the Small
Business Administration, immigrants are twice as likely to
start a business as native-born citizens.
Immigrants maintain ties to their homeland, facilitating the
flow of trade. When the Houston Airport System works with
foreign flag carriers, a question routinely asked is, “What’s
the size of the expat and immigrant population?” The airline
wants assurances that all the seats will be filled when their
plane leaves the runway at Intercontinental.
The presence of a large expat and immigrant community is important to foreign corporations seeking to open
offices here. First, they want to know that other companies
have succeeded in Houston. Second, they want to know
their workers on temporary assignment will feel comfortable living here.
Growth in one’s immigrant community tends to be self-reinforcing. A foreign national is more likely to relocate to a city
with a large population of his or her countrymen.
A growing immigrant community reflects a certain dynamism
in the local economy. It’s rare that immigrants would move to
a metro whose economy is dying and offers limited job opportunities. That’s why they left their home in the first place.
Origins of Houston’s 1.4 Million Foreign-Born Residents
0.2%
Latin America
1.3%
Asia
4.5%
Europe
65.2%
4.7%
Africa
North America
Oceania
24.1%
Source: 2013 American Community Survey
Infrastructure Befitting a Global City
Just as a subdivision can’t function without streets, lights
and sewers, a global city can’t exist without infrastructure—
physical and intellectual. Houston’s is well developed.
• Fourteen foreign governments maintain trade and
commercial offices here, and the city has 32 active foreign
chambers of commerce and trade associations.
• A key center for international finance, Houston has 21
foreign banks from nine nations. The Houston operations
of these banks account for 12 of Texas’ 15 foreign bank
representative offices and seven of Texas’ nine foreign
bank agencies.
• In ’14, the Port of Houston ranked 1st in import tonnage
(24th consecutive year), 2nd in total tonnage (23rd consecutive year), 6th among U.S. container ports, and captures
67 percent of all container traffic on the Gulf Coast.
• Ninety-two nations have consular representation in the
city, ranking Houston’s consular corps as the third largest
in the nation.
10
8
• One in every five air passengers traveling through IAH
last year was traveling internationally, up from one in
11 20 years ago. When Houston Hobby’s International
Terminal opens this fall, Houston will be one of only six
U.S. markets with two international hubs.10
The others are Chicago, New York, San Francisco/Oakland, Miami/Ft Lauderdale, and Washington/Baltimore.
Foreign Markets served Non-Stop From Houston
Source: Houston Airport System
• Consumers can search the Houston Association of
Realtors® properties database (HAR.com) in English,
Spanish, Chinese, French, German, Italian and
Vietnamese. The association’s more than 5,600 multilingual realtors speak 94 languages.
• Houston has two daily Chinese-language newspapers,
plus at least 21 less frequently published newspapers
and magazines in a variety of languages. Five television
stations present programming in Spanish and one station
includes programming in Chinese. Spanish broadcasting
has a significant presence on radio with 13 stations. Two
stations offer programming in several Asian languages
and three stations offer programs in a wide variety of
languages.
• Houston has 17 sister-city relationships promoting
business opportunities across five continents: Australia
(1), Asia (6), Europe (7), Africa (1) and Americas (2).
Foreign Flag Carriers
Serving Houston
Aeromexico
Air Canada
Air China Limited
Air France
Air New Zealand (Dec ’15)
All Nippon Airways
AVIANCA
British Airways
Emirates
EVA Air
InterJet
KLM Royal Dutch Airlines
Korean Air Lines
Lufthansa
Qatar Airways
Scandinavian Airlines System
Singapore Airlines
Southwest Airlines
Turkish Airlines
United Airlines
VivaAerobus
Volaris
Westjet
The Port of Houston Authority and the Houston Airport
System continue to expand their infrastructure and extend
the region’s reach further into global markets.
The Port of Houston Authority plans to continue the modernization of the Barbours Cut terminal and continue the build
out of the Bayport container terminal. In May, four new
Super Post-Panamax wharf cranes arrived at Barbours Cut
to handle the larger vessels that will call on Houston in the
future. In addition to landside terminal investments, the
entrance channels at each facility will be deepened and
widened to accommodate Post-Panamax vessels.
In October, Hobby Airport will open its doors as a regional
international airport, offering direct service to Central
America, the Caribbean and the northern rim of South
America. This new facility is expected to handle an additional
one million international passengers each year. And HAS
expects to begin demolishing the aging Mickey Leland International Terminal in ’17 and have the new terminal up and
running by the end of ’21.
Conclusion - What’s Past is Prologue
When the Allen Brothers founded the city in 1836, they
envisioned Houston as a trading center for the newly formed
Republic of Texas. John and Augustus placed a notice in the
Telegraph and Texas Register promoting their fledgling city
as “located at a point… which must ever command trade of
the largest and richest portion of Texas.” The first steamship, Laura, called on Houston in January 1837, launching
Houston as a regional trading center.
but one focused on the exchange of ideas, information,
technology and capital―not just commodities. And Houston
now trades not just with “the largest and richest portion of
Texas,” but with the world. Houston continues to leverage
the successes of the past, but seeks new engines for future
growth. Whatever direction Houston takes, whatever growth
engines emerge, one thing is certain—Houston’s global ties
will shape the city’s future.
Nearly two centuries later, Houston remains true to the
Allen Brothers’ vision. Houston remains a trading center,
9
Trade profile highlights
Top Imports - Houston Galveston Customs District - '14
Rank
$ Billions
Top Exports - Houston Galveston Customs District - '14
% of Total
Rank
$ Billions
% of Total
1
Mineral Fuels, Refined Products, Oils and Waxes
57.481
47.2
1
Mineral Fuels, Refined Products, Oils and Waxes
53.630
40.8
2
Industrial Equipment and Computers
11.542
9.5
2
19.869
15.1
3
Articles of Iron or Steel
9.478
7.8
3
Organic Chemicals
16.003
12.2
4
Organic Chemicals
5.980
4.9
4
Plastics And Articles Thereof
7.031
5.3
5
Electrical Machinery, Equipment and Parts
5.849
4.8
5
5.252
4.0
6
Motor Vehicles and Parts
4.326
3.6
6
Miscellaneous Chemical Products
3.261
2.5
7
Iron and Steel
3.317
2.7
7
Cereals
3.191
2.4
8
Plastics and Plastic Articles
1.852
1.5
8
3.135
2.4
9
Beverages, Spirits And Vinegar
1.422
1.2
9
Optic, Photographic, Medical, Surgical Instruments
2.515
1.9
10
1.210
1.0
10
2.813
2.1
Total - Top 10 Imports
102.458
84.1
Total - Top 10 Exports
116.701
88.7
All Other Commodities
19.337
15.9
14.794
11.3
121.795
100.0
131.494
100.0
Total - All Commodities
Total - All Commodities
Top Import Sources - Houston Galveston Customs District - '14
Top Export Destinations - Houston Galveston Customs District - '14
Rank
Rank
$ Billions
% of Total
$ Billions
% of Total
1
Mexico
16.386
13.5
1
Mexico
12.395
9.4
2
China
11.060
9.1
2
Brazil
10.289
7.8
3
Venezuela
8.618
7.1
3
Netherlands
7.297
5.5
4
Saudi Arabia
7.793
6.4
4
Colombia
6.762
5.1
5
Germany
7.696
6.3
5
China
5.533
4.2
6
Kuwait
5.540
4.5
6
Canada
5.285
4.0
7
Brazil
5.371
4.4
7
Venezuela
4.308
3.3
8
Russia
5.348
4.4
8
Chile
3.983
3.0
9
Korea, Republic Of
4.618
3.8
9
Korea, Republic Of
3.744
2.8
10
10
4.208
3.5
3.526
2.7
Total - Top 10 Import Sources
Colombia
76.637
62.9
Total - Top 10 Export Destinations
63.122
48.0
All Others
45.158
37.1
All Others
68.372
52.0
121.795
100.0
131.494
100.0
Total - All Countries
Belgium
Total All Countries
HOUSTON’S TRADING PARTNERS
%
41.8
20.4%
30.8
E Europe
Africa
Australia/New Zealand
2014
1998
2.4%
6.0%
1.4%
Source: WISER, from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division
10
%
11.4
Middle East
%
11.5
Asia
%
.6
33
14
.4%
W. Europe
.1%
18
%
Latin America
3.8%
3.6%
0.8%
2015
Trade Profiles
Houston’s top 20 trade partners represented 71.0 percent of Houston’s
customs district traffic in ’14. Immediately following this page is a map showing
Houston’s exports and imports with 23 world regions. After this, detailed profiles
of Houston’s top 20 trade partners are offered. Concluding are trade tables
listing all Houston partners and diverse commodities traded globally. Greater
Houston Partnership Research would like to acknowledge WISERTrade (wisertrade.org) as the primary data source consistently used and cited throughout
this report with additional analysis by Partnership Research for deeper insight
into the state of Houston’s global economy.
11
Total Global Trade - Houston '14
Europe - Houston
Sub-Region
Hou ston Trade Partner
Imports to Houston
(in $ dollars)
Exports from
Houston
(in $ dollars)
% of Total
Houston
Imports
.
% of Total
Houston
Exports
Region
Rank Total
Trade
GLOBAL Total
121,795,311,517
131,494,228,108
100.00%
100.00%
2014
EUROPE Total
Western Europe
9,065,543,766
Central Europe
10,208,673,675
Sub-Region
Houston Trade
Partner
Imports to Houston
(in $ dollars)
32,786,958,935
AMERICAS
42,690,719,679
63,519,172,191
35.05%
48.31%
5
EUROPE
32,786,958,935
28,443,398,754
26.92%
21.63%
6
ASIA
26,273,965,148
21,369,583,772
21.57%
16.25%
8
Eastern Europe
5,676,592,567
Southern Europe
3,035,580,953
MIDDLE EAST
AFRICA
17,320,674,318
8,509,578,681
14.22%
6.47%
12
2,722,993,437
9,652,494,710
2.24%
7.34%
15
Southeastern Europe
1,501,993,889
17
Southwestern Europe
1,429,471,537
18
Northern Europe
1,869,102,548
Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data
Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau
Americas - Houston Trade '14
Region
Rank Total
Trade
Sub-Region
Houston Trade Partner
Imports to Houston
(in $ dollars)
Exports from
Houston
(in $ dollars)
% of Total
Houston
Imports
% of Total
Houston
Exports
42,690,719,679
63,519,172,191
35.05%
48.31%
middle east - Houston
1
South America
20,729,533,695
34,686,735,258
17.02%
26.38%
Region
Rank Total
Trade
2
North America
16,866,928,269
17,698,040,711
13.85%
13.46%
2014
7
Central America
3,423,075,846
6,882,096,587
2.81%
5.23%
10
Caribbean America
1,671,181,869
4,252,299,635
1.37%
3.23%
2014
AMERICAS Total
4
Sub-Region
Houston Trade
Partner
MIDDLE EAST
Total
Middle East
Imports to Houston
(in $ dollars)
17,320,674,318
17,320,674,318
Source: WISERTrade from US Census Bureau
Trade '14
Exports from
Houston
(in $ dollars)
Asia - Houston Trade '14
% of Total
Houston
Imports
% of Total
Houston
Exports
Region
Rank Total
Trade
Sub-Region
Imports to Houston
(in $ dollars)
Exports from
Houston
(in $ dollars)
% of Total
Houston
Imports
% of Total
Houston
Exports
28,443,398,754
26.92%
21.63%
2014
ASIA Total
26,273,965,148
21,369,583,772
21.57%
16.25%
16,582,741,686
7.44%
12.61%
3
Eastern Asia
19,294,741,806
13,236,381,530
15.84%
10.07%
2,906,624,671
8.38%
2.21%
9
Southeastern Asia
2,584,516,164
4,238,310,520
2.12%
3.22%
1,663,559,155
4.66%
1.27%
11
Southern Asia
3,460,338,322
1,792,040,911
2.84%
1.36%
2,068,018,654
2.49%
1.57%
19
Oceania
566,348,212
1,369,875,265
0.47%
1.04%
2,099,464,080
1.23%
1.60%
20
Central Asia
330,465,192
366,978,210
0.27%
0.28%
1,844,787,618
1.17%
1.40%
22
Southwestern Asia
37,555,452
365,997,336
0.03%
0.28%
1,278,202,890
1.53%
0.97%
Foreign Trade Division data
Africa - Houston Trade '14
Region
Rank Total
Trade
Trade '14
Exports from
Houston
(in $ dollars)
8,509,578,681
8,509,578,681
% of Total
Houston
Imports
14.22%
14.22%
Foreign Trade Division data
% of Total
Houston
Exports
6.47%
6.47%
2014
Sub-Region
AFRICA Total
Imports to Houston
(in $ dollars)
2,722,993,437
Exports from
Houston
(in $ dollars)
% of Total
Houston
Imports
% of Total
Houston
Exports
9,652,494,710
2.24%
7.34%
13
Western Africa
567,992,213
3,978,391,227
0.47%
3.03%
14
Northern Africa
1,179,119,980
2,636,976,892
0.97%
2.01%
16
Southern Africa
897,821,825
2,452,937,645
0.74%
1.87%
21
Eastern Africa
57,237,919
476,265,291
0.05%
0.36%
23
Central Africa
20,821,500
107,923,655
0.02%
0.08%
#1: Mexico – Houston Trade Ties
Over view
Houston and Mexico share extensive business, trade and cultural ties, with more than 1,100 Houston companies reporting
business or trade ties with Mexico. Of the firms in the Houston region affiliated with Mexican subsidiaries, 43 are headquartered in Houston collectively operating 139 subsidiary locations throughout Mexico. Conversely, 17 Mexican firms operate
19 subsidiary locations in the Houston area. From ’04 to ’14, trade between Houston and Mexico increased at a compound
annual growth rate of 9.8 percent.
2014 Trade Highlight s
Total Trade (Sea + Air)
• The Houston-Galveston Customs District ("Houston") is the fifth busiest gateway for U.S-Mexican trade.
• Mexico ranks first among Houston’s trading partners.
• Trade between Houston and Mexico increased 1.4 percent, from $28.4 billion in ’13 to $28.8 billion last year. A rise in
the value of imports in articles of iron or steel, and exports of industrial and electrical machinery equipment and parts
accounted for most of the increase.
• Exports to Mexico totaled $12.4 billion in ’14, compared to $13.4 billion in ’13.
• Imports from Mexico totaled $16.4 billion in ’14, compared to $14.9 billion in ’13.
Seaborne Trade
• Houston is the busiest gateway for U.S.-Mexican waterborne trade (by value).
• Waterborne trade between Houston and Mexico totaled $28.5 billion in ’14, an increase from $28.3 billion in ’13.
Air Cargo Trade
• Houston ranks as the 13th busiest gateway for U.S.-Mexican air cargo trade (by weight).
• Air cargo trade between Houston and Mexico totaled 926.5 thousand kilograms in ’14, compared to 614.8 thousand
kilograms in ’13.
TOTAL TRADE, $ VALUE, HOUSTON AND MEXICO
35
30
$ BILLIONS
25
20
15
10
5
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Imports
2009
2010
2011
Exports
14
2012
2013
2014
#1: Mexico – Houston Trade Ties
EXPORTS - HOUSTON TO MEXICO
$ Value, Millions
Rank
'13
'14
1
Mineral Fuels, Refined Products, Oils, Waxes
8,767.6
7,557.5
61.0
-13.8
2
Organic Chemicals
3,524.2
3,519.8
28.4
-0.1
3
286.5
551.5
4.4
92.5
4
Cereals
361.7
217.2
1.8
-40.0
5
39.9
127.3
1.0
218.9
6
Beverages, Spirits and Vinegar
62.6
65.4
0.5
4.4
7
Aircraft, Spacecraft and Parts Thereof
34.4
57.9
0.5
68.1
8
Inorganic Chemicals
52.6
46.6
0.4
-11.3
9
Oil Grain, Seed, Fruit and Plant Seeds
46.4
45.5
0.4
-1.9
10
Animal or Vegetable Fats, Oils and Waxes
61.9
35.9
0.3
-41.9
13,238.0
12,224.6
94.4
-7.7
206.9
170.5
5.6
-17.6
13,444.9
12,395.2
100.0
-7.8
Total Top 10 Commodities
TOTAL - ALL COMMODITIES
% of Total
% Change
'13 - '14
Commodity
IMPORTS - MEXICO TO HOUSTON
$ Value, Millions
Rank
Commodity
'13
1
2
3
4
Iron and Steel
5
6
'14
% of Total
% Change
'13 - '14
14,207.8
15,088.4
92.1
6.2
305.3
633.8
3.9
107.6
Organic Chemicals
190.9
224.7
1.4
17.7
92.6
133.6
0.8
44.2
630.6
78.4
0.5
12,330.6
Miscellaneous Industrial Components, Equipment and Parts
23.3
56.5
0.3
143.2
7
Salt, Sulfur, Stone, Lime and Cement Plaster
16.8
36.4
0.2
116.8
8
Sugar and Sugar Confectionary
7.5
21.4
0.1
187.3
9
Non-Knitted Apparel and Accessories
10.3
20.7
0.1
100.8
10
Coffee, Tea and Spices
17.5
17.5
0.1
-0.1
14,872.7
16,311.5
99.5
9.7
63.1
74.6
0.5
18.2
14,935.8
16,386.1
100.0
9.7
15
#2: China - Houston Trade Ties
Over view
Houston and China share extensive business, trade and cultural ties, with more than 900 Houston companies reporting
business or trade ties with China. Of the firms in the Houston region affiliated with Chinese subsidiaries, 49 are headquartered in Houston collectively operating 115 subsidiary locations throughout China. Conversely, 10 Chinese firms operate
10 subsidiary locations in the Houston area. From ’04 to ’14, trade between Houston and China increased at a compound
• The Houston-Galveston Customs District (“Houston”) is the 10th busiest gateway for U.S-Chinese trade.
• China ranks second among all of Houston’s trading partners.
• Trade between Houston and China has more than quadrupled since ’04, and experienced a rise of 22.0 percent in ’14,
increasing from $13.6 billion in ’13 to $16.6 billion last year. A rise in the value of exports to China in cereals, and Houston
imports of industrial equipment and computers accounted for most of the increase.
• Exports to China totaled $5.5 billion in ’14, compared to $4.8 billion in ’13.
• Imports from China totaled $11.1 billion in ’14, compared to $8.8 billion in ’13.
Seaborne Trade
• Houston is the eighth busiest gateway for U.S.-Chinese waterborne trade (by value).
• Waterborne trade between Houston and China totaled $15.6 billion in ’14, an increase from $12.9 billion in ’13.
Air Cargo Trade
• Houston ranks as the 12th busiest gateway for U.S.-Chinese air cargo trade (by weight).
• Air cargo trade between Houston and China totaled 17.5 million kilograms in ’14, compared to 10.3 million kilograms in ’13.
TOTAL TRADE, $ VALUE, HOUSTON AND CHINA
18
16
14
$ BILLIONS
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Imports
2009
2010
2011
Exports
16
2012
2013
2014
#2: China - Houston Trade Ties
EXPORTS - HOUSTON TO china
$ Value, Millions
Rank
Commodity
1
Cereals
2
Organic Chemicals
3
'13
'14
% of Total
% Change
'13 - '14
40.5
1,205.4
21.8
2,878.9
1,344.3
1,021.5
18.5
-24.0
914.1
811.1
14.7
-11.3
4
606.9
765.7
13.8
26.2
5
402.9
378.6
6.8
-6.0
6
167.7
202.1
3.7
20.5
7
106.9
174.0
3.1
62.7
8
Rubber and Rubber Articles
179.4
149.6
2.7
-16.6
9
447.5
112.0
2.0
-75.0
10
57.8
103.9
1.9
79.7
4,267.9
4,923.9
89.0
15.4
577.2
609.2
11.0
5.5
4,845.1
5,533.1
100.0
14.2
IMPORTS - china TO HOUSTON
$ Value, Millions
Rank
% of Total
% Change
'13 - '14
Commodity
'13
'14
1
1,592.8
2,292.7
20.7
2
1,121.2
1,425.9
12.9
27.2
3
823.2
1,075.4
9.7
30.6
4
Footwear, Gaiters, Etc.
675.2
766.1
6.9
13.5
5
Furniture, Bedding, Lamps, Etc.
628.2
710.7
6.4
13.1
6
Toys, Games and Sports Equipment
589.9
689.7
6.2
16.9
7
Organic Chemicals
461.1
579.3
5.2
25.6
8
454.0
570.4
5.2
25.6
9
Iron and Steel
251.4
400.6
3.6
59.4
10
163.9
188.8
1.7
15.2
6,760.9
8,699.5
78.7
28.7
1,995.1
2,360.2
21.3
18.3
8,756.0
11,059.6
100.0
26.3
43.9
17
#3: Brazil – Houston Trade Ties
Over view
Houston and Brazil share extensive business, trade and cultural ties, with more than 800 Houston companies reporting
business or trade ties with Brazil. Of the firms in the Houston region affiliated with Brazilian subsidiaries, 50 are headquartered in Houston collectively operating 129 subsidiary locations throughout Brazil. Conversely, eight Brazilian firms operate
11 subsidiary locations in the Houston area. From ’04 to ’14, trade between Houston and Brazil increased at a compound
• The Houston-Galveston Customs District ("Houston") is the fifth busiest gateway for U.S-Brazilian trade.
• Brazil ranks third among Houston’s trading partners by value.
• Trade between Houston and Brazil increased 12.6 percent, from $13.9 billion in ’13 to $15.7 billion last year. A rise in the
value of trade in mineral fuel, oils and waxes accounted for most of the increase, led by imports of crude oil from Brazil
• Exports to Brazil totaled $10.3 billion in ’14, compared to $9.7 billion in ’13.
• Imports from Brazil totaled $5.4 billion in ’14, compared to $4.2 billion in ’13.
Seaborne Trade
• Houston is the busiest gateway for U.S.-Brazilian waterborne trade (by value).
• Waterborne trade between Houston and Brazil totaled $15.3 billion in ’14, an increase from $13.6 billion in ’13.
Air Cargo Trade
• Houston ranks as the fifth busiest gateway for U.S.-Brazilian air cargo trade (by weight).
• Air cargo trade between Houston and Brazil totaled 6.1 million kilograms in ’14, compared to 5.4 million kilograms in ’13.
TOTAL TRADE, $ VALUE, HOUSTON AND BRAZIL
20
$ BILLIONS
15
10
5
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Imports
2009
2010
2011
Exports
18
2012
2013
2014
#3: Brazil – Houston Trade Ties
EXPORTS - HOUSTON TO BRAZIL
$ Value, Millions
Rank
% of Total
% Change
'13 - '14
Commodity
'13
'14
1
3,087.2
4,138.4
40.2
34.1
2
1,392.9
1,420.6
13.8
2.0
3
Organic Chemicals
1,235.9
1,145.5
11.1
-7.3
4
976.9
880.3
8.6
-9.9
5
Cereals
779.3
482.8
4.7
-38.1
6
300.4
341.2
3.3
13.6
7
Inorganic Chemicals
248.3
223.7
2.2
-9.9
8
306.7
215.5
2.1
-29.8
9
110.7
213.5
2.1
92.8
10
270.9
209.4
2.0
-22.7
8,709.2
9,270.8
90.1
6.4
1,032.2
1,018.5
9.9
-1.3
9,741.4
10,289.3
100.0
5.6
IMPORTS - BRAZIL TO HOUSTON
$ Value, Millions
Rank
% of Total
% Change
'13 - '14
Commodity
'13
'14
1
1,527.9
2,160.7
40.2
2
Organic Chemicals
577.1
587.6
10.9
1.8
3
467.1
541.7
10.1
16.0
4
282.0
353.7
6.6
25.4
5
Articles of Stone, Plaster, Cement, Asbestos, Mica
150.4
158.8
3.0
5.6
6
128.6
146.5
2.7
13.9
7
101.7
143.3
2.7
40.9
8
Wood and Wood Articles
120.1
140.3
2.6
16.9
41.4
9
Iron and Steel
57.7
140.3
2.6
143.2
10
45.6
124.4
2.3
173.0
3,458.2
4,497.3
83.7
30.0
705.3
873.7
16.3
23.9
4,163.5
5,371.0
100.0
29.0
19
#4: Venezuela - Houston Trade Ties
Over view
Houston and Venezuela share extensive business, trade and cultural ties, with more than 600 Houston companies reporting
business or trade ties with Venezuela. Of the firms in the Houston region affiliated with Venezuelan subsidiaries, 24 are
headquartered in Houston collectively operating 58 subsidiary locations throughout Venezuela. Conversely, three Venezuelan firms operate five subsidiary locations in the Houston area. From ’04 to ’14, trade between Houston and Venezuela
increased at a compound annual growth rate of 3.7 percent.
• The Houston-Galveston Customs District ("Houston") is the busiest gateway for U.S-Venezuelan trade.
• Venezuela ranks fourth among Houston’s trading partners.
• Trade between Houston and Venezuela totaled 12.9 billion in ’14, compared to 15.1 billion in ’13. A dip in the value of
imports of crude oil from Venezuela accounted for most of the decline.
• Exports to Venezuela totaled $4.3 billion in ’14, compared to $5.1 billion in ’13.
• Imports from Venezuela totaled $8.6 billion in ’14, compared to $10.0 billion in ’13.
Seaborne Trade
• Houston is the busiest gateway for U.S.-Venezuelan waterborne trade (by value).
• Waterborne trade between Houston and Venezuela totaled $12.9 billion in ’14, compared to $15.0 billion in ’13.
Air Cargo Trade
• Houston ranks as the second busiest gateway for U.S.-Venezuelan air cargo trade (by weight).
• Air cargo trade between Houston and Venezuela totaled 565.1 thousand kilograms in ’14, an increase from 349.3 thousand
kilograms in ’13.
TOTAL TRADE, $ VALUE, HOUSTON AND VENEZUELA
25
$ BILLIONS
20
15
10
5
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Imports
2009
2010
2011
Exports
20
2012
2013
2014
#4: Venezuela - Houston Trade Ties
EXPORTS - HOUSTON TO VENEZUELA
$ Value, Millions
Rank
% of Total
% Change
'13 - '14
Commodity
'13
'14
1
1,814.1
1,741.5
40.4
-4.0
2
1,050.2
841.0
19.5
-19.9
3
Organic Chemicals
1,022.5
489.8
11.4
-52.1
4
267.3
261.9
6.1
-2.0
172.8
225.8
5.2
30.7
70.6
141.6
3.3
100.6
5
6
Cereals
7
191.3
125.9
2.9
-34.2
8
121.4
108.8
2.5
-10.3
9
Ships, Boats and Floating Structures
30.9
67.9
1.6
119.0
10
Optic, Photographic Measuring, Medical, Surgical Instruments
93.6
46.4
1.1
-50.5
4,834.7
4,050.7
94.0
-16.2
264.9
257.2
6.0
3.0
5,099.7
4,307.8
100.0
-15.5
IMPORTS - VENEZUELA TO HOUSTON
$ Value, Millions
Rank
'13
'14
1
9,656.4
8,361.1
97.0
2
Organic Chemicals
205.1
198.1
2.3
-3.5
3
52.7
15.8
0.2
-70.1
4
Inorganic Chemicals
7.9
15.4
0.2
90.0
5
Fertilizers
30.5
10.3
0.1
-66.3
6
3.7
7.0
0.1
88.7
7
Aluminum and Aluminum Articles
1.7
2.7
0.0
54.1
8
Precious Stones, Metals, Coins, Pearls, Etc.
0.9
2.0
0.0
104.4
9
2.9
1.6
0.0
-46.7
10
0.9
1.4
0.0
55.2
9,962.9
8,614.9
100.0
-13.5
3.0
2.7
0.0
-10.2
9,965.9
8,617.6
100.0
-13.5
% of Total
% Change
'13 - '14
Commodity
-13.4
21
#5: Colombia - Houston Trade Ties
Over view
Houston and Colombia share extensive business, trade and cultural ties, with more than 550 Houston companies reporting
business or trade ties with Colombia. Of the firms in the Houston region affiliated with Colombian subsidiaries, 25 are
headquartered in Houston collectively operating 47 subsidiary locations throughout Colombia. Conversely, one Colombian
firm operates one subsidiary location in the Houston area. From ’04 to ’14, trade between Houston and Colombia increased
at a compound annual growth rate of 18.4 percent.
• The Houston-Galveston Customs District (“Houston”) is the busiest gateway for U.S-Colombian trade.
• Colombia ranks fifth among all of Houston’s trading partners.
• Trade between Houston and Colombia increased fivefold since ’04. More recently, total trade decreased 6.2 percent
in ’14 from $11.7 billion in ’13 to $11.0 billion last year. A dip in the value of crude oil imports to Houston, and exports to
Colombia of industrial-grade vehicles accounted for most of the decrease.
• Exports to Colombia totaled $6.8 billion in ’14, compared to $6.5 billion in ’13.
• Imports from Colombia totaled $4.2 billion in ’14, compared to $5.2 billion in ’13.
Seaborne Trade
• Houston is the busiest gateway for U.S.-Colombian waterborne trade (by value).
• Waterborne trade between Houston and Colombia totaled $10.9 billion in ’14, an increase from $11.7 billion in ’13.
Air Cargo Trade
• Houston ranks as the sixth busiest gateway for U.S.-Colombian air cargo trade (by weight).
• Air cargo trade between Houston and Colombia totaled 523.8 thousand kilograms in ’14, compared to 461.0 thousand
kilograms in ’13.
TOTAL TRADE, $ VALUE, HOUSTON AND COLOMBIA
14
12
$ BILLIONS
10
8
6
4
2
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Imports
2009
2010
2011
Exports
22
2012
2013
2014
#5: Colombia - Houston Trade Ties
EXPORTS - HOUSTON TO colombia
$ Value, Millions
Rank
'13
'14
1
3,518.1
4,073.8
60.2
15.8
2
Organic Chemicals
778.7
725.1
10.7
-6.9
3
Industrial Machinery, Including Computers
581.4
537.1
7.9
-7.6
4
Plastics and Articles Thereof
396.8
438.2
6.5
10.4
5
155.2
201.7
3
30
6
116.7
151.8
2.2
30.1
7
188.1
137.9
2
-26.7
8
255.5
92
1.4
-64
9
Cereals
100.9
74.9
1.1
-25.8
10
Optic, Photographic, Measuring, Medical and Surgical Instruments
57.3
47
0.7
-18
6,148.6
6,479.5
95.8
5.4
359.7
282.5
4.2
-21.5
6,508.4
6,762.0
100
3.9
% of Total
% Change
'13 - '14
Commodity
IMPORTS - colombia TO HOUSTON
$ Value, Millions
Rank
1
Commodity
'13
'14
% of Total
4,887.6
3,836.9
91.2
% Change
'13 - '14
-21.5
2
Coffee, Tea, Mate and Spices
69.3
83.4
2.0
20.4
3
63.4
74.7
1.8
17.9
4
24.8
40.0
1.0
61.6
5
Organic Chemicals
31.1
39.4
0.9
26.6
6
22.0
24.0
0.6
8.7
7
Edible Fruit and Nuts
28.1
18.0
0.4
-36.0
8
15.7
17.5
0.4
11.3
9
8.6
15.8
0.4
82.9
10
7.4
7.4
0.2
-0.1
5,158.0
4,157.0
98.8
-19.4
28.2
51
1.2
80.8
5,186.2
4,208.1
100
-18.9
Partnership Research | May 2015 23
#6: Saudi Arabia - Houston Trade Ties
Over view
Houston and Saudi Arabia share extensive business, trade and cultural ties, with more than 1,100 Houston companies
reporting business or trade ties with Saudi Arabia. Of the firms in the Houston region affiliated with Saudi Arabian subsidiaries, 29 are headquartered in Houston collectively operating 41 subsidiary locations throughout Saudi Arabia. Conversely,
eight Saudi Arabian firms operate 11 subsidiary location in the Houston area. From ’04 to ’14, trade between Houston and
Saudi Arabia increased at a compound annual growth rate of 7.7 percent.
• The Houston-Galveston Customs District (“Houston”) is the second busiest gateway for U.S-Saudi Arabian trade.
• Saudi Arabia ranks sixth among all of Houston’s trading partners.
• Trade between Houston and Saudi Arabia has doubled since ’04. More recently, total trade decreased 20.3 percent
from $13.7 billion in ’13 to $10.9 billion last year. A decline in the value of imported crude oil to Houston caused the
decrease, a result of strong domestic crude production. Crude oil typically accounts for 97 percent of Houston’s
imports from Saudi Arabia.
• Exports to Saudi Arabia totaled $3.1 billion in ’14, compared to $2.8 billion in ’13.
• Imports from Saudi Arabia totaled $7.8 billion in ’14, compared to $10.9 billion in ’13.
Seaborne Trade
• Houston is the third busiest gateway for U.S.-Saudi Arabian waterborne trade (by value).
• Waterborne trade between Houston and Saudi Arabia totaled $10.2 billion in ’14, a decrease from $13.0 billion in ’13.
Air Cargo Trade
• Houston ranks as the busiest gateway for U.S.-Saudi Arabian air cargo trade (by weight).
• Air cargo trade between Houston and Saudi Arabia totaled 12.3 million kilograms in ’14, compared to 11.9 million
kilograms in ’13.
TOTAL TRADE, $ VALUE, HOUSTON AND SAUDI ARABIA
18
16
14
$ BILLIONS
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Imports
2009
2010
2011
Exports
24
2012
2013
2014
#6: Saudi Arabia - Houston Trade Ties
EXPORTS - HOUSTON TO SAUDI ARABIA
$ Value, Millions
Rank
% of Total
% Change
'13 - '14
Commodity
'13
'14
1
1,082.8
1,271.7
40.5
17.4
2
275.3
323.9
10.3
17.7
3
186.9
275.3
8.8
47.3
4
256.8
214.9
6.9
-16.3
130.6
161.0
5.1
23.3
95.0
122.5
3.9
28.9
126.2
104.0
3.3
-17.6
5
6
7
8
Arms and Ammunition
76.6
90.3
2.9
17.8
9
Metal Tools, Implements, Cutlery, Etc.
58.0
63.8
2.0
10.0
10
51.7
60.5
1.9
17.0
2,339.9
2,687.9
85.7
14.9%
484.1
448.6
14.3
-7.3%
2,824.0
3,136.5
100.0
11.1%
IMPORTS - SAUDI ARABIA TO HOUSTON
$ Value, Millions
Rank
Commodity
'13
1
2
3
4
5
'14
% of Total
% Change
'13 - '14
10,623.0
7,588.2
97.4
-28.57
Organic Chemicals
132.0
106.8
1.4
-19.09
104.9
69.9
0.9
-33.38
21.1
16.1
0.2
-23.46
0.0
4.7
0.1
N/A
6
Iron and Steel
2.9
2.0
0.0
-29.57
7
1.6
1.0
0.0
-41.04
8
0.8
1.0
0.0
19.29
9
0.4
0.8
0.0
85.37
10
Base Metals and Articles
0.0
0.6
0.0
N/A
10,886.7
7,791.1
100.0
-28.4%
9.3
1.8
0.0
-80.6%
10,896.0
7,792.9
100.0
-28.48
#7: Germany - Houston Trade Ties
Over view
Houston and Germany share extensive business, trade and cultural ties, with more than 700 Houston companies reporting
business or trade ties with Germany. Of the firms in the Houston region affiliated with German subsidiaries, 29 are headquartered in Houston collectively operating 45 subsidiary locations throughout Germany. Conversely, 71 German firms operate
114 subsidiary locations in the Houston area. From ’04 to ’14, trade between Houston and Germany increased at a compound
• The Houston-Galveston Customs District ("Houston") is the seventh busiest gateway for U.S-German trade.
• Germany ranks seventh among all of Houston’s trading partners.
• Trade between Houston and Germany increased 10.9 percent in ’14, increasing from $8.9 billion in ’13 to $9.8 billion
last year. Increased pharmaceutical exports to Germany, and imports of industrial equipment accounted for most
of the increase.
• Exports to Germany totaled $2.1 billion in ’14, compared to $1.9 billion in ’13.
• Imports from Germany totaled $7.7 billion in ’14, compared to $6.9 billion in ’13.
Seaborne Trade
• Houston is the fourth busiest gateway for U.S.-German waterborne trade (by value).
• Waterborne trade between Houston and Germany totaled $8.2 billion in ’14, an increase from $7.4 billion in ’13.
Air Cargo Trade
• Houston ranks as the tenth busiest gateway for U.S.-German air cargo trade (by weight).
• Air cargo trade between Houston and Germany totaled 17.3 million kilograms in ’14, compared to 14.6 million kilograms in ’13.
TOTAL TRADE, $ VALUE, HOUSTON AND GERMANY
12
10
$ BILLIONS
8
6
4
2
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Imports
2009
2010
2011
Exports
26
2012
2013
2014
#7: Germany - Houston Trade Ties
EXPORTS - HOUSTON TO GERMANY
$ Value, Millions
Rank
Commodity
1
Pharmaceutical Products
2
'13
'14
% of Total
% Change
'13 - '14
7.8
351.1
16.4
4,418.4
486.2
294.7
13.7
-39.4
3
231.2
221.3
10.3
-4.3
4
Organic Chemicals
199.5
220.2
10.3
10.4
5
108.5
138.2
6.5
27.6
6
100.0
135.2
6.3
35.2
7
106.5
113.6
5.3
6.7
8
89.4
110.4
5.1
23.4
9
118.9
95.9
4.5
-19.4
10
81.0
73.5
3.4
-9.3
1,529.1
1,754.3
81.8
14.7
428.5
391.3
18.2
-8.7
1,957.5
2,145.7
100.0
9.6
IMPORTS - GERMANY TO HOUSTON
$ Value, Millions
Rank
'13
'14
1
2,648.1
2,494.9
32.4
2
1,426.1
1,809.8
23.5
26.9
3
601.7
706.4
9.2
17.4
4
Organic Chemicals
428.0
509.2
6.6
19.0
5
242.5
292.8
3.8
20.7
6
292.3
262.8
3.4
-10.1
7
154.8
224.9
2.9
45.3
8
146.1
172.9
2.2
18.4
9
Iron and Steel
111.3
167.7
2.2
50.7
10
Precious Stones, Metals, Coins, Pearls, Etc.
2.6
132.6
1.7
4,983.5
6,053.6
6,774.0
88.0
11.9
864.5
922.1
12.0
6.7
6,918.2
7,696.1
100.0
11.2
% of Total
% Change
'13 - '14
Commodity
-5.8
#8: Netherlands - Houston Trade Ties
Over view
Houston and the Netherlands share extensive business, trade and cultural ties, with more than 600 Houston companies
reporting business or trade ties with the Netherlands. Of the firms in the Houston region affiliated with Dutch subsidiaries,
35 are headquartered in Houston collectively operating 54 subsidiary locations throughout the Netherlands. Conversely,
34 Dutch firms operate 81 subsidiary locations in the Houston area. From ’04 to ’14, trade between Houston and the Netherlands increased at a compound annual growth rate of 10.3 percent.
• The Houston-Galveston Customs District ("Houston") is the second busiest gateway for U.S-Dutch trade.
• The Netherlands ranks eighth among all of Houston’s trading partners.
• Trade between Houston and the Netherlands has nearly tripled since ’04, but has decreased over the past three years.
Most recently from ’13 to ’14, trade dropped from $9.7 billion in ‘13 to $9.1 billion last year. Reduced petroleum exports, led
by light fuel oils, to the Netherlands accounted for most of the dip.
• Exports to the Netherlands totaled $7.3 billion in ’14, compared to $8.2 billion in ’13.
• Imports from the Netherlands totaled $1.8 billion in ’14, compared to $1.5 billion in ’13.
Seaborne Trade
• Houston is the busiest gateway for U.S.-Dutch waterborne trade (by value).
• Waterborne trade between Houston and the Netherlands totaled $7.5 billion in ’14, a slight decrease from $8.2 billion in ’13.
Air Cargo Trade
• Houston ranks as the fourth busiest gateway for U.S.-Dutch air cargo trade (by weight).
• Air cargo trade between Houston and the Netherlands totaled 174.4 million kilograms in ’14, an increase from 159.0 million
kilograms in ’13.
TOTAL TRADE, $ VALUE, HOUSTON AND THE NETHERLANDS
12
10
$ BILLIONS
8
6
4
2
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Imports
2009
2010
2011
Exports
28
2012
2013
2014
#8: Netherlands - Houston Trade Ties
EXPORTS - HOUSTON TO THE NETHERLANDS
$ Value, Millions
Rank
% of Total
% Change
'13 - '14
Commodity
'13
'14
1
4,034.9
3,118.0
42.7
-22.7
2
Organic Chemicals
1,125.6
1,293.4
17.7
14.9
3
841.9
764.6
10.5
-9.2
4
466.7
472.1
6.5
1.2
5
176.4
204.6
2.8
16.0
6
Ores, Slag And Ash
187.6
203.1
2.8
8.3
7
224.0
196.0
2.7
-12.5
8
167.5
181.9
2.5
8.6
9
89.2
133.7
1.8
49.8
10
111.6
131.0
1.8
17.3
7,425.4
6,698.3
91.8
-9.8
739.0
598.6
8.2
-19.0
8,164.4
7,296.9
100.0
-10.6
IMPORTS - THE NETHERLANDS TO HOUSTON
$ Value, Millions
Rank
Commodity
'13
'14
% of Total
% Change
'13 - '14
1
254.4
492.0
27.9
2
Organic Chemicals
296.5
362.8
20.6
22.3
3
390.0
308.5
17.5
-20.9
4
Beverages, Spirits And Vinegar
97.0
96.9
5.5
-0.1
5
109.4
93.6
5.3
-14.4
6
62.9
60.5
3.4
-3.8
7
41.1
58.5
3.3
42.4
8
Iron And Steel
51.1
55.6
3.2
8.7
9
35.2
48.5
2.8
37.8
10
36.4
43.3
2.5
19.2
1,374.1
1,620.2
91.9
17.9
116.7
143.2
8.1
22.7
1,490.8
1,763.4
100.0
18.3
93.4
#9: south Korea - Houston Trade Ties
Over view
Houston and South Korea ("Korea") share extensive business, trade and cultural ties, with more than 450 Houston companies reporting business or trade ties with Korea. Of the firms in the Houston region affiliated with Korean subsidiaries, nine
are headquartered in Houston collectively operating 28 subsidiary locations throughout Korea. Conversely, 14 Korean firms
operate 14 subsidiary locations in the Houston area. From ’04 to ’14, trade between Houston and Korea increased at a
compound annual growth rate of 9.8 percent.
• The Houston-Galveston Customs District (“Houston”) is the sixth busiest gateway for U.S-Korean trade.
• Korea ranks ninth among all of Houston’s trading partners.
• Trade between Houston and Korea has nearly tripled since ’04, and experienced a rise of 32.5 percent in ’14, increasing
from $6.3 billion in ’13 to $8.4 billion last year. A rise in the value of trade in iron and steel, and organic chemical
imports to Houston, combined with exports of industrial equipment, and petroleum products to Korea accounted
for most of the increase.
• Exports to Korea totaled $3.7 billion in ’14, compared to $2.8 billion in ’13.
• Imports from Korea totaled $4.6 billion in ’14, compared to $3.5 billion in ’13.
Seaborne Trade
• Houston is the third busiest gateway for U.S.-Korean waterborne trade (by value).
• Waterborne trade between Houston and Korea totaled $8.2 billion in ’14, an increase from $6.2 billion in ’13.
Air Cargo Trade
• Houston ranks as the 10th busiest gateway for U.S.-Korean air cargo trade (by weight).
• Air cargo trade between Houston and Korea totaled 3.2 million kilograms in ’14, compared to 2.5 million kilograms in ’13.
TOTAL TRADE, $ VALUE, HOUSTON AND SOUTH KOREA
9
8
7
$ BILLIONS
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Imports
2009
2010
2011
Exports
30
2012
2013
2014
#9: south Korea - Houston Trade Ties
EXPORTS - HOUSTON TO south KOREA
$ Value, Millions
Rank
'13
'14
1
Organic Chemicals
1,140.2
1,193.8
31.9
4.7
2
791.6
1,192.5
31.9
50.7
3
337.1
672.7
18.0
99.5
4
133.2
142.1
3.8
6.6
5
123.1
127.1
3.4
3.2
6
72.1
105.3
2.8
46.1
7
55.9
92.4
2.5
65.3
8
12.8
70.4
1.9
452.0
9
14.3
28.9
0.8
102.3
10
46.5
22.1
0.6
-52.5
2,726.7
3,647.2
97.4
33.8
112.0
96.6
2.6
-13.8
2,838.7
3,743.7
100.0
31.9
% of Total
% Change
'13 - '14
Commodity
IMPORTS - south KOREA TO HOUSTON
$ Value, Millions
Rank
'13
'14
1
1,555.6
2,073.0
44.9
33.3
2
Organic Chemicals
351.5
889.1
19.3
152.9
3
513.4
577.1
12.5
12.4
4
285.7
350.3
7.6
22.6
5
Iron and Steel
146.1
267.5
5.8
83.1
6
91.5
108.7
2.4
18.8
7
44.1
59.9
1.3
35.9
8
Paper and Paperboard Articles
12.4
59.7
1.3
380.2
9
39.7
56.2
1.2
41.4
10
54.3
49.2
1.1
-9.3
3,094.2
4,490.6
97.2
45.1
380.2
127.8
2.8
-66.4
3,474.4
4,618.4
100.0
32.9
% of Total
% Change
'13 - '14
Commodity
31
#10: Russia - Houston Trade Ties
Over view
Houston and Russia share extensive business, trade and cultural ties, with more than 500 Houston companies reporting
business or trade ties with Russia. Of the firms in the Houston region affiliated with Russian subsidiaries, 32 are headquartered in Houston collectively operating 74 subsidiary locations throughout Russia. Conversely, nine Russian firms operate
19 subsidiary locations in the Houston area. From ’04 to ’14, trade between Houston and Russia increased at a compound
• The Houston-Galveston Customs District (“Houston”) is the busiest gateway for U.S.-Russian trade.
• Russia ranks 10th among all of Houston’s trading partners.
• Trade between Houston and Russia has nearly tripled since ’04, but experienced a recent decline from $9.5 billion in ’12,
to $8.3 billion in ’13, then to $6.8 billion last year. A decrease in the value of petroleum imports to Houston accounted for
most of the dip ’13 -‘14.
• Exports to Russia totaled $1.5 billion in ’14, compared to $1.7 billion in ’13.
• Imports from Russia totaled $5.3 billion in ’14, compared to $6.5 billion in ’13.
Seaborne Trade
• Houston is the busiest gateway for U.S.-Russian waterborne trade (by value).
• Waterborne trade between Houston and Russia totaled $6.6 billion in ’14, compared to $8.1 billion in ’13.
Air Cargo Trade
• Houston ranks as the fourth busiest gateway for U.S.-Russian air cargo trade (by weight).
• Air cargo trade between Houston and Russia totaled 2.7 million kilograms in ’14, compared to 2.1 million kilograms in ’13.
TOTAL TRADE, $ VALUE, HOUSTON AND RUSSIA
12
10
$ BILLIONS
8
6
4
2
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Imports
2009
2010
2011
Exports
32
2012
2013
2014
#10: Russia - Houston Trade Ties
EXPORTS - HOUSTON TO RUSSIA
$ Value, Millions
Rank
Commodity
'13
'14
% of Total
% Change
'13 - '14
1
678.0
657.3
45.0
-3.0
2
190.6
212.8
14.6
11.7
3
204.1
107.8
7.4
-47.2
4
93.3
77.1
5.3
-17.3
5
77.5
69.0
4.7
-11.0
6
56.3
58.8
4.0
4.4
7
60.3
52.9
3.6
-12.3
8
21.3
30.7
2.1
44.3
9
Essential Oils, Perfumery, Cosmetic Preps
55.4
28.8
2.0
-48.1
10
Inorganic Chemicals, Rare Earths, Precious Metals
72.6
28.7
2.0
-60.4
1,509.4
1,324.0
90.6
-12.3
228.4
137.2
9.4
-39.9
1,737.7
1,461.2
100.0
-15.9
IMPORTS - RUSSIA TO HOUSTON
$ Value, Millions
Rank
'13
'14
1
5,855.9
4,351.1
81.4
-25.7
2
Iron and Steel
91.8
366.7
6.9
299.7
3
178.3
248.7
4.7
39.5
4
203.3
159.9
3.0
-21.4
5
Fertilizers
91.6
64.4
1.2
-29.6
6
Organic Chemicals
16.7
33.0
0.6
97.9
7
16.6
16.8
0.3
1.2
8
Ores, Slag and Ash
0.7
16.2
0.3
2,125.2
9
20.7
13.8
0.3
-33.3
10
Arms and Ammunition
8.5
13.0
0.2
53.4
6,483.9
5,283.6
98.8
-18.5
63.3
64.3
1.2
1.6
6,547.2
5,347.9
100.0
-18.3
% of Total
% Change
'13 - '14
Commodity
#11: United Kingdom - Houston Trade Ties
Over view
Houston and the United Kingdom (U.K.) share extensive business and cultural connections with more than 1,100 Houston
companies reporting business or trade ties with the United Kingdom. Of the firms in the Houston region affiliated with
British subsidiaries, 99 are headquartered in Houston collectively operating 278 subsidiary locations throughout the United
Kingdom. Conversely, 133 British firms operate 229 subsidiary locations in the Houston area. From ’04 to ’14, trade between
Houston and the U.K. increased at a compound annual growth rate of 5.7 percent.
• The Houston/Galveston Customs District (“Houston”) is the fourth busiest gateway for U.S.-British trade.
• The U.K. ranks 11th among all of Houston's trading partners.
• Total annual trade between Houston and the U.K. increased 15.0 percent, from $5.5 billion in ’13 to $6.4 billion in ’14.
An increase in the value of trade in petroleum products, and vehicle exports to the U.K., and an increase in industrial
machinery imports to Houston, accounted for the most of the increase.
• Exports to the U.K. totaled $3.3 billion in ’14, compared to $2.9 billion in ’13.
• Imports from the U.K. totaled $3.0 billion in ’14, compared to $2.6 billion in ’13.
Seaborne Trade
• Houston is the second busiest gateway for U.S.-British waterborne trade (by value).
• Waterborne trade between Houston and the U.K. totaled $4.8 billion in ’14, up from $4.1 billion in ’13.
Air Cargo Trade
• Houston ranks as the seventh busiest gateway for U.S.-British air cargo trade (by weight).
• Air cargo trade between Houston and the U.K. totaled 21.3 million kilograms in ’14, compared to 19.9 million kilograms in ’13.
TOTAL TRADE, $ VALUE, HOUSTON AND THE U.K.
8
7
$ BILLIONS
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Imports
2009
2010
2011
Exports
34
2012
2013
2014
#11: United Kingdom - Houston Trade Ties
EXPORTS - HOUSTON TO THE U.K.
$ Value, Millions
Rank
Commodity
'13
'14
% of Total
% Change
'13 - '14
1
Mineral Fuel, Refined Products, Oils and Waxes
626.4
923.5
27.8
47.4
2
Industrial Equpment and Computers
786.6
820.9
24.7
4.4
3
233.6
211.1
6.4
-9.6
4
181.1
190.4
5.7
5.2
5
Aircraft, Spacecraft, and Parts Thereof
150.7
151.0
4.5
0.2
6
Ores, Slag and Ash
18.0
106.9
3.2
492.8
7
75.6
93.5
2.8
23.7
8
63.8
89.7
2.7
40.5
9
73.1
78.8
2.4
7.9
10
Organic Chemicals
120.0
78.2
2.4
-34.8
2,328.9
2,744.0
82.6
17.8%
569.5
576.6
17.4
1.2%
2,898.4
3,320.6
100.0
14.6%
IMPORTS – THE U.K. TO HOUSTON
$ Value, Millions
Rank
Commodity
'13
'14
% of Total
% Change
'13 - '14
1
718.5
831.4
27.3
15.7
2
Mineral Fuel, Refined Products, Oils and Waxes
252.9
430.9
14.1
70.4
3
167.6
269.4
8.8
60.7
4
Special Import Reporting Provisions, NESOI
129.2
174.8
5.7
35.3
5
169.1
170.9
5.6
1.1
6
Organic Chemicals
222.2
168.3
5.5
-24.3
7
179.3
138.6
4.5
-22.7
8
139.2
127.1
4.2
-8.7
9
Iron and Steel
10
Beverages, Spirits, and Vinegar
60.0
122.2
4.0
103.8
130.3
116.7
3.8
-10.4
2,168.3
2,550.3
83.7
17.6
471.6
498.0
16.3
5.6
2,639.9
3,048.3
100.0
15.5
#12: Kuwait – Houston Trade Ties
Over view
Houston and Kuwait share extensive business, trade and cultural ties, with more than 350 Houston companies reporting
business or trade ties with Kuwait. Of the firms in the Houston region affiliated with Kuwaiti subsidiaries, 10 are headquartered in Houston collectively operating 11 subsidiary locations throughout Kuwait. Conversely, at least one Kuwaiti firm
operates a subsidiary location in the Houston area. From ’04 to ’14, trade between Houston and Kuwait increased at a
• The Houston-Galveston Customs District (“Houston”) is the busiest gateway for U.S-Kuwaiti trade.
• Kuwait ranks 12th among all of Houston’s trading partners.
• Trade between Houston and Kuwait has more than tripled since ’04. More recently, total trade increased 13.6 percent
from $5.2 billion in ’13 to $5.8 billion last year. An increase in the value of imported crude oil to Houston was responsible
for the rise in trade. Crude oil typically accounts for more than 98 percent of Houston’s imports from Kuwait.
• Exports to Kuwait totaled $312.9 million in ’14, compared to $317.1 million in ’13.
• Imports from Kuwait totaled $5.5 billion in ’14, compared to $4.8 billion in ’13.
Seaborne Trade
• Houston is the busiest gateway for U.S.-Kuwaiti waterborne trade (by value).
• Waterborne trade between Houston and Kuwait totaled $5.8 billion in ’14, an increase from $5.1 billion in ’13.
Air Cargo Trade
• Houston ranks as the fourth busiest gateway for U.S.-Kuwaiti air cargo trade (by weight).
• Air cargo trade between Houston and Kuwait totaled 1.598 million kilograms in ’14, compared to 1.626 million
kilograms in ’13.
TOTAL TRADE, $ VALUE, HOUSTON AND KUWAIT
7
6
$ BILLIONS
5
4
3
2
1
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Imports
2009
2010
2011
Exports
36
2012
2013
2014
#12: Kuwait – Houston Trade Ties
EXPORTS - HOUSTON TO KUWAIT
$ Value, Millions
Rank
Commodity
'13
1
2
'14
% of Total
% Change
'13 - '14
128.5
103.4
33.0
-19.6
19.3
35.2
11.2
81.9
3
19.4
27.9
8.9
43.8
4
25.2
20.2
6.4
-19.8
5
24.5
19.4
6.2
-20.7
6
11.9
14.8
4.7
24.3
7
17.9
11.9
3.8
-33.8
8
5.0
9.1
2.9
82.8
9
Organic Chemicals
7.2
7.4
2.4
2.1
10
4.5
6.8
2.2
50.5
263.4
256.0
81.8
-2.8
53.7
56.9
18.2
5.9
317.1
312.9
100.0
-1.32
Total top 10
TOTAL ALL COMMODITIES
IMPORTS - KUWAIT TO HOUSTON
$ Value, Millions
Rank
'13
'14
1
4,776.3
5,481.4
98.9
2
Fertilizers
44.5
45.9
0.8
3.1
3
2.7
7.6
0.1
181.3
4
0.0
4.5
0.1
31,975.8
5
0.0
0.2
0.0
---
4,834.3
5,539.6
100.0
14.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4,834.3
5,539.6
100.0
14.6
% of Total
% Change
'13 - '14
Commodity
14.7
#13: Canada - Houston Trade Ties
Over view
Houston and Canada share extensive business, trade and cultural ties, with more than 1,100 Houston companies reporting
business or trade ties with Canada. Of the firms in the Houston region affiliated with Canadian subsidiaries, are 90 headquartered in Houston collectively operating 758 subsidiary locations throughout Canada. Conversely, 68 Canadian firms operate
105 subsidiary locations in the Houston area. From ’04 to ’14, trade between Houston and Canada increased at a compound
• The Houston-Galveston Customs District (“Houston”) is the 17th busiest gateway for U.S.-Canadian trade.
• Canada ranks 13th among all of Houston’s trading partners.
• Trade between Houston and Canada has increased eightfold since ’04, rising year-over-year during the last five years.
Total trade in ’13 was $3.2 billion, then to $5.8 billion last year. A rise in the value crude oil exports accounted for most of
the increase from ’13 to ’14.
• Exports to Canada totaled $5.3 billion in ’14, compared to $2.8 billion in ’13.
• Imports from Canada totaled $480.8 million in ’14, compared to $461.8 million in ’13.
Seaborne Trade
• Houston is the busiest gateway for U.S.-Canadian waterborne trade (by value).
• Waterborne trade between Houston and Canada totaled $5.6 billion in ’14, compared to $3.1 billion in ’13.
Air Cargo Trade
• Houston ranks as the 20th busiest gateway for U.S.-Canadian air cargo trade (by weight).
• Air cargo trade between Houston and Canada totaled 702.7 thousand kilograms in ’14, compared to 967.1 thousand
kilograms in ’13.
TOTAL TRADE, $ VALUE, HOUSTON AND CANADA
7
6
$ BILLIONS
5
4
3
2
1
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Imports
2009
2010
2011
Exports
38
2012
2013
2014
#13: Canada - Houston Trade Ties
EXPORTS - HOUSTON TO CANADA
$ Value, Millions
Rank
% of Total
% Change
'13 - '14
Commodity
'13
'14
1
2,700.4
5,058.1
95.7
87.3
2
Organic Chemicals
11.3
60.0
1.1
431.8
3
30.0
49.1
0.9
63.9
4
13.2
45.0
0.9
239.6
5
0.0
38.2
0.7
Infinity
6
5.4
8.7
0.2
59.3
7
3.6
8.1
0.2
124.6
8
6.5
7.6
0.1
16.3
9
0.5
2.7
0.1
411.9
10
Fertilizers
0.0
1.9
0.0
Infinity
2,771.1
5,279.4
99.9
90.5
7.2
5.3
0.1
-26.5
2,778.2
5,284.7
100.0
90.2
IMPORTS - CANADA TO HOUSTON
$ Value, Millions
Rank
1
Commodity
'13
'14
136.8
% of Total
% Change
'13 - '14
254.5
52.9
86.0
201.8
99.1
20.6
-50.9
34.9
42.4
8.8
21.5
9.1
18.3
3.8
100.6
2
Organic Chemicals
3
4
5
18.4
17.6
3.7
-3.9
6
22.7
17.3
3.6
-24.0
7
6.3
10.6
2.2
66.4
8
13.0
10.2
2.1
-21.2
9
2.0
7.2
1.5
251.8
10
9.4
0.7
0.1
-92.8
454.5
477.9
99.4
5.1
7.3
3.0
0.6
-59.3
461.8
480.8
100.0
4.1
#14: Japan – Houston Trade Ties
Over view
Houston and Japan share extensive business, trade and cultural ties, with more than 600 Houston companies reporting
business or trade ties with Japan. Of the firms in the Houston region affiliated with Japanese subsidiaries, 13 are headquartered in Houston collectively operating 21 subsidiary locations throughout Japan. Conversely, 98 Japanese firms operate
143 subsidiary locations in the Houston area. From ’04 to ’14, trade between Houston and Japan increased at a compound
• The Houston-Galveston Customs District (“Houston”) is the 11th busiest gateway for U.S.-Japanese trade.
• Japan ranks 14th among all of Houston’s trading partners.
• Trade between Houston and Japan has more than tripled since ’04, rising year-over-year since ’09, and increasing from
$5.0 billion in ’13 to $5.2 billion last year. A rise in the value of trade in organic chemical and propane exports to Japan
accounted for most of the increase.
• Exports to Japan totaled $2.6 billion in ’14, an increase over $2.2 billion in ’13.
• Imports from Japan totaled $2.6 billion in ’14, compared to $2.7 billion in ’13.
Seaborne Trade
• Houston is the 11th busiest gateway for U.S.-Japanese waterborne trade (by value).
• Waterborne trade between Houston and Japan totaled $4.9 billion in ’14, compared to $4.6 billion in ’13.
Air Cargo Trade
• Houston ranks as the 13th busiest gateway for U.S.-Japanese air cargo trade (by weight).
• Air cargo trade between Houston and Japan totaled 4.1 million kilograms in ’14, an increase over 4.0 million kilograms in ’13.
TOTAL TRADE, $ VALUE, HOUSTON AND JAPAN
6
5
$ BILLIONS
4
3
2
1
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Imports
2009
2010
2011
Exports
40
2012
2013
2014
#14: Japan – Houston Trade Ties
EXPORTS - HOUSTON TO JAPAN
$ Value, Millions
Rank
Commodity
'13
'14
% of Total
% Change
'13 - '14
1
961.4
1,162.2
45.0
20.9
2
Organic Chemicals
960.1
1,158.7
44.8
20.7
3
51.9
51.5
2.0
-0.8
4
35.9
43.6
1.7
21.7
5
30.6
36.2
1.4
18.3
6
25.7
33.7
1.3
31.1
7
Books, Newspapers, Magazines, Etc.
50.8
27.2
1.1
-46.6
8
18.6
20.8
0.8
11.9
9
Soaps, Waxes, Polishes, Candles, Dental Preps
14.8
15.4
0.6
3.6
10
Fertilizers
15.6
10.4
0.4
-33.4
2,165.3
2,559.6
99.0
18.2
79.4
25.4
1.0
-68.0
2,244.7
2,585.0
100.0
15.2
IMPORTS - JAPAN TO HOUSTON
$ Value, Millions
Rank
Commodity
'13
'14
% of Total
% Change
'13 - '14
1
876.0
933.4
35.7
2
540.8
588.4
22.5
8.8
3
Organic Chemicals
361.0
318.3
12.2
-11.8
4
355.2
148.3
5.7
-58.3
5
100.1
133.1
5.1
33.1
6
Iron and Steel
107.3
124.4
4.8
16.0
7
88.6
93.4
3.6
5.4
8
64.2
76.8
2.9
19.7
9
29.3
37.0
1.4
26.3
10
32.9
31.4
1.2
-4.5
2,555.5
2,484.6
95.0
-2.8
184.6
130.0
5.0
-29.6
2,740.1
2,614.6
100.0
-4.6
6.5
41
#15: Belgium - Houston Trade Ties
Over view
Houston and Belgium share extensive business, trade and cultural ties, with more than 400 Houston companies reporting
business or trade ties with Belgium. Of the firms in the Houston region affiliated with Belgian subsidiaries, 14 are headquartered in Houston collectively operating 22 subsidiary locations throughout Belgium. Conversely, 10 Belgian firms operate
14 subsidiary locations in the Houston area. From ’04 to ’14, trade between Houston and Belgium increased at a compound
• The Houston-Galveston Customs District (“Houston”) is the second busiest gateway for U.S.-Belgian trade.
• Belgium ranks 15th among all of Houston’s trading partners.
• Trade between Houston and Belgium has nearly doubled since ’04, but experienced a marginal decline of 2.0 percent
in ’14, decreasing from $5.0 billion in ’13 to $4.9 billion last year. Declines in the value of trade in light fuel oil exports to
Belgium accounted for most of the dip.
• Exports to Belgium totaled $3.5 billion in ’14, compared to $3.6 billion in ’13.
• Imports from Belgium totaled $1.3 billion in ’14, nearly unchanged from $1.3 billion in ’13.
Seaborne Trade
• Houston is the busiest gateway for U.S.-Belgian waterborne trade (by value).
• Waterborne trade between Houston and Belgium totaled $4.7 billion in ’14, compared to $4.9 billion in ’13.
Air Cargo Trade
• Houston ranks as the sixth busiest gateway for U.S.-Belgian air cargo trade (by weight).
• Air cargo trade between Houston and Belgium totaled 5.0 million kilograms in ’14, representing a significant increased
from 1.9 million kilograms in ’13.
TOTAL TRADE, $ VALUE, HOUSTON AND BELGIUM
6
5
$ BILLIONS
4
3
2
1
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Imports
2009
2010
2011
Exports
42
2012
2013
2014
#15: Belgium - Houston Trade Ties
EXPORTS - HOUSTON TO BELGIUM
$ Value, Millions
Rank
% of Total
% Change
'13 - '14
Commodity
'13
'14
1
Organic Chemicals
1,428.7
1,476.0
41.9
3.3
2
773.8
830.5
23.6
7.3
3
182.0
215.8
6.1
18.5
4
541.7
210.0
6.0
-61.2
5
177.6
195.3
5.5
10.0
6
80.0
101.5
2.9
26.7
7
67.9
82.2
2.3
20.9
8
72.4
73.9
2.1
2.0
9
Ores, Slag and Ash
0.6
67.0
1.9
9,939.7
10
44.9
45.4
1.3
1.2
3,370.1
3,297.9
93.5
-2.1
259.4
227.9
6.5
-12.1
3,629.6
3,525.9
100.0
-2.9
IMPORTS - BELGIUM TO HOUSTON
$ Value, Millions
Rank
Commodity
'13
'14
% of Total
% Change
'13 - '14
1
777.7
719.5
54.1
2
Organic Chemicals
179.2
191.3
14.4
6.8
3
132.3
89.6
6.7
-32.3
4
27.2
75.9
5.7
178.8
5
Iron and Steel
44.8
68.5
5.1
52.9
6
26.3
38.9
2.9
47.9
7
20.5
27.1
2.0
32.2
8
17.7
17.5
1.3
-0.8
9
12.4
13.9
1.0
12.0
10
Works of Art, Collectors Pieces and Antiques
4.0
13.0
1.0
222.9
1,242.2
1,255.3
94.3
1.1
85.0
75.8
5.7
-10.8
1,327.1
1,331.1
100.0
0.3
-7.5
#16: India – Houston Trade Ties
Over view
Houston and India share extensive business, trade and cultural ties, with more than 700 Houston companies reporting
business or trade ties with India. Of the firms in the Houston region affiliated with Indian subsidiaries, 36 are headquartered
in Houston collectively operating 79 subsidiary locations throughout India. Conversely, 18 Indian firms operate 26 subsidiary
locations in the Houston area. From ’04 to ’14, trade between Houston and India increased at a compound annual growth
rate of 15.3 percent.
• The Houston-Galveston Customs District ("Houston") is the third busiest gateway for U.S.-Indian trade.
• India ranks 16th among all of Houston’s trading partners.
• Trade between Houston and India has more than quadrupled since ’04, but experienced a dip in ’14, dropping from $5.2
billion in ’13 to $4.7 billion last year. A drop in gums, resins and other vegetable extracts imports accounted for most
of the dip.
• Exports to India totaled $1.5 billion in ’14, compared to $1.7 billion in ’13.
• Imports from India totaled $3.2 billion in ’14, compared to $3.5 billion in ’13.
Seaborne Trade
• Houston is the second busiest gateway for U.S.-Indian waterborne trade (by value).
• Waterborne trade between Houston and India totaled $4.4 billion ’14, compared to $4.9 billion in ’13.
Air Cargo Trade
• Houston ranks as the fifth busiest gateway for U.S.-Indian air cargo trade (by weight).
• Air cargo trade between Houston and India totaled 10.4 million kilograms in ’14, compared to 7.9 million kilograms in ’13.
TOTAL TRADE, $ VALUE, HOUSTON AND INDIA
8
7
$ BILLIONS
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Imports
2009
2010
2011
Exports
44
2012
2013
2014
#16: India – Houston Trade Ties
EXPORTS - HOUSTON TO INDIA
$ Value, Millions
Rank
Commodity
'13
'14
% of Total
% Change
'13 - '14
1
371.7
365.5
23.8
-1.7
2
321.8
269.1
17.5
-16.4
3
Organic Chemicals
303.4
238.1
15.5
-21.5
4
168.7
140.2
9.1
-16.9
5
52.1
87.9
5.7
69.0
6
39.4
65.6
4.3
66.7
7
35.1
63.1
4.1
79.8
8
Electric Machinery, Equipment and Parts
63.8
59.8
3.9
-5.9
9
Iron and Steel
67.0
44.4
2.9
-33.8
10
Optic, Photographic, Measuring, Medical, Surgical Instruments
67.9
41.0
2.7
-39.7
1,490.6
1,374.7
89.5
-7.8
173.3
160.7
10.5
-7.3
1,664.0
1,535.3
100.0
-7.7
IMPORTS - INDIA TO HOUSTON
$ Value, Millions
Rank
'13
'14
1
Gums, Resins and Vegetable Extracts
1,453.7
1,042.8
32.5
2
333.5
384.1
12.0
15.2
3
391.0
347.8
10.8
-11.1
4
Organic Chemicals
233.9
278.3
8.7
19.0
5
368.9
271.4
8.4
-26.4
6
Iron and Steel
70.4
188.7
5.9
168.0
7
Linens, Needlecraft Sets, Worn Clothing, Etc.
114.1
119.2
3.7
4.5
8
Vehicles, Except Railway or Tramway
49.3
59.3
1.8
20.3
9
Edible Vegetables, Roots, Tubers
64.2
42.6
1.3
-33.6
10
31.9
38.3
1.2
20.0
3,110.9
2,772.6
86.3
-10.9
400.9
440.7
13.7
9.9
3,511.9
3,213.3
100.0
-8.5
% of Total
% Change
'13 - '14
Commodity
-28.3
#17: Chile – Houston Trade Ties
Over view
Houston and Chile share extensive business, trade and cultural ties, with more than 500 Houston companies reporting
business or trade ties with Chile. Of the firms in the Houston region affiliated with Chilean subsidiaries, nine are headquartered in Houston collectively operating 11 subsidiary locations throughout Chile. Conversely, at least one Chilean firm
operates a subsidiary location in the Houston area. From ’04 to ’14, trade between Houston and Chile increased at a
• The Houston-Galveston Customs District (“Houston”) is the second busiest gateway for U.S.-Chilean trade.
• Chile ranks 17th among all of Houston’s trading partners.
• Trade between Houston and Chile more than tripled since ’04, but has experienced declines since its peak in ‘12,
decreasing from $5.9 billion in ’12 to $4.4 billion in ‘14. Declines in exports of petroleum products led by light fuel oils and
industrial equipment to Chile accounted for most of the dip.
• Exports to Chile totaled $4.0 billion in ’14, compared to $4.7 billion in ’13.
• Imports from Chile totaled $379.4 million in ’14, an increase from $331.1 million in ’13.
Seaborne Trade
• Houston is the busiest gateway for U.S.-Chilean waterborne trade (by value).
• Waterborne trade between Houston and Chile totaled $4.4 billion in ’14, compared to $5.0 billion in ’13.
Air Cargo Trade
• Houston ranks as the 10th busiest gateway for U.S.-Chilean air cargo trade (by weight).
• Air cargo trade between Houston and Chile totaled 341.9 thousand kilograms in ’14, an increase from 153.4 thousand
kilograms in ’13.
TOTAL TRADE, $ VALUE, HOUSTON AND CHILE
7
6
$ BILLIONS
5
4
3
2
1
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Imports
2009
2010
2011
Exports
46
2012
2013
2014
#17: Chile – Houston Trade Ties
EXPORTS - HOUSTON TO CHILE
$ Value, Millions
Rank
'13
'14
1
2,374.5
2,225.6
55.9
-6.3
2
433.5
347.5
8.7
-19.9
3
Organic Chemicals
358.9
328.6
8.3
-8.5
4
559.9
297.7
7.5
-46.8
5
228.7
215.7
5.4
-5.7
6
114.6
102.3
2.6
-10.7
7
81.8
80.1
2.0
-2.0
8
Meat and Edible Meat By-Products
46.6
66.9
1.7
43.7
9
88.9
63.6
1.6
-28.5
10
109.7
61.4
1.5
-44.0
4,397.1
3,789.5
95.1
-13.8
261.0
193.5
4.9
-25.9
4,658.1
3,982.9
100.0
-14.5
% of Total
% Change
'13 - '14
Commodity
IMPORTS - CHILE TO HOUSTON
$ Value, Millions
Rank
1
Commodity
'13
'14
60.5
% of Total
76.5
% Change
'13 - '14
20.2
26.3
2
49.5
59.9
15.8
21.0
3
35.2
41.2
10.9
17.0
4
Copper and Copper Articles
57.0
37.3
9.8
-34.6
5
16.6
19.8
5.2
19.6
6
18.0
19.4
5.1
7.9
7
29.6
18.9
5.0
-36.2
8
8.8
17.2
4.5
95.0
9
18.3
17.0
4.5
-7.1
10
Organic Chemicals
0.0
13.7
3.6
N/A
293.6
321.0
84.6
9.3
37.5
58.5
15.4
56.0
331.1
379.4
100.0
14.6
#18: Italy – Houston Trade Ties
Over view
Houston and Italy share extensive business, trade and cultural ties, with more than 600 Houston companies reporting
business or trade ties with Italy. Of the firms in the Houston region affiliated with Italian subsidiaries, 13 are headquartered
in Houston collectively operating 21 subsidiary locations throughout Italy. Conversely, 15 Italian firms operate 18 subsidiary
locations in the Houston area. From ’04 to ’14, trade between Houston and Italy increased at a compound annual growth
rate of 6.6 percent.
• The Houston-Galveston Customs District (“Houston”) is the fourth busiest gateway for U.S.-Italian trade.
• Italy ranks 18th among all of Houston’s trading partners.
• Trade between Houston and Italy has nearly doubled since ’04, with consistent growth since ’10 except for a slight dip in
’13. Trade grew from $3.3 billion in ’13, to $4.3 billion last year. A rise in the value of trade in industrial machinery imports
to Houston, and electric machinery exports to Italy, accounted for most of the increase.
• Exports to Italy totaled $1.4 billion in ’14, an increase over $1.0 billion in ’13.
• Imports from Italy totaled $2.9 billion in ’14, an increase over $2.3 billion in ’13.
Seaborne Trade
• Houston is the second busiest gateway for U.S.-Italian waterborne trade (by value).
• Waterborne trade between Houston and Italy totaled $4.0 billion in ’14, an increase over $3.0 billion in ’13.
Air Cargo Trade
• Houston ranks as the seventh busiest gateway for U.S.-Italian air cargo trade (by weight).
• Air cargo trade between Houston and Italy totaled 8.1 million kilograms in ’14, an increase over 7.6 million kilograms in ’13.
TOTAL TRADE, $ VALUE, HOUSTON AND ITALY
5
$ BILLIONS
4
3
2
1
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Imports
2009
2010
2011
Exports
48
2012
2013
2014
#18: Italy – Houston Trade Ties
EXPORTS - HOUSTON TO ITALY
$ Value, Millions
Rank
Commodity
'13
1
2
'14
% of Total
% Change
'13 - '14
260.7
475.9
33.7
82.5
30.5
285.9
20.2
838.1
3
76.7
128.7
9.1
67.9
4
171.4
124.4
8.8
-27.4
5
Raw Hides, Skins and Leather
6
Organic Chemicals
55.3
71.3
5.0
28.9
104.0
63.1
4.5
-39.3
7
Cereals
70.8
57.9
4.1
-18.3
8
40.2
39.7
2.8
-1.1
9
26.6
27.3
1.9
2.3
10
21.3
17.9
1.3
-15.9
857.4
1,291.9
91.4
50.7
158.0
121.2
8.6
-23.3
1,015.3
1,413.1
100.0
39.2
IMPORTS - ITALY TO HOUSTON
$ Value, Millions
Rank
Commodity
'13
'14
% of Total
% Change
'13 - '14
1
713.4
1,131.9
38.6
58.7
2
493.4
549.3
18.7
11.3
3
Iron and Steel
95.5
143.2
4.9
49.9
4
126.3
140.3
4.8
11.1
5
95.3
128.1
4.4
34.4
6
70.5
87.7
3.0
24.4
7
45.0
83.8
2.9
86.5
8
Organic Chemicals
73.3
76.3
2.6
4.1
9
Ceramic Products
50.0
60.6
2.1
21.0
10
60.9
56.7
1.9
-6.9
1,823.6
2,457.8
83.8
34.8
481.0
474.6
16.2
-1.3
2,304.6
2,932.4
100.0
27.2
#19: France - Houston Trade Ties
Over view
Houston and France share extensive business, trade and cultural ties, with more than 700 Houston companies reporting
business or trade ties with France. Of the firms in the Houston region affiliated with French subsidiaries, 29 are headquartered in Houston collectively operating 65 subsidiary locations throughout France. Conversely, 58 French firms operate
112 subsidiary locations in the Houston area. From ’04 to ’14, trade between Houston and France increased at a compound
• The Houston-Galveston Customs District (“Houston”) is the fifth busiest gateway for U.S.-French trade.
• France ranks 19th among all of Houston’s trading partners.
• Trade between Houston and France has more than doubled since ’04, but experienced a recent dip, from $5.2 billion in
’12, to $4.8 billion in ’13, then to $4.3 billion last year. A dip in the value of trade in light fuel oil exports to France accounted
for most of the decline.
• Exports to France totaled $2.2 billion in ’14, compared to $2.7 billion in ’13.
• Imports from France totaled $2.1 billion in ’14, an increase over $2.0 billion in ’13.
Seaborne Trade
• Houston is the second busiest gateway for U.S.-French waterborne trade (by value).
• Waterborne trade between Houston and France totaled $3.7 billion in ’14, compared to $4.1 billion in ’13.
Air Cargo Trade
• Houston ranks as the tenth busiest gateway for U.S.-French air cargo trade (by weight).
• Air cargo trade between Houston and France totaled 7.1 million kilograms in ’14, an increase over 6.3 million kilograms in ’13.
TOTAL TRADE, $ VALUE, HOUSTON AND FRANCE
6
5
$ BILLIONS
4
3
2
1
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Imports
2009
2010
2011
Exports
50
2012
2013
2014
#19: France - Houston Trade Ties
EXPORTS - HOUSTON TO FRANCE
$ Value, Millions
Rank
'13
'14
1
1,607.9
1,216.9
55.9
-24.3
2
160.3
172.0
7.9
7.3
3
176.8
123.8
5.7
-30.0
4
97.1
121.0
5.6
24.5
5
104.2
100.6
4.6
-3.4
6
Organic Chemicals
112.4
80.4
3.7
-28.5
7
51.9
64.3
3.0
23.9
8
84.6
54.5
2.5
-35.6
9
12.4
30.5
1.4
145.7
10
27.9
30.0
1.4
7.5
2,435.6
1,994.0
91.7
-18.1
302.3
181.7
8.3
-39.9
2,738.0
2,175.7
100.0
-20.5
% of Total
% Change
'13 - '14
Commodity
IMPORTS - FRANCE TO HOUSTON
$ Value, Millions
Rank
1
Commodity
'13
523.0
'14
% of Total
523.5
% Change
'13 - '14
24.7
0.1
2
285.4
200.2
9.4
-29.9
3
186.0
192.4
9.1
3.5
4
Iron and Steel
101.5
163.3
7.7
60.9
5
154.7
160.1
7.5
3.5
6
87.0
152.1
7.2
74.8
7
Organic Chemicals
107.5
134.1
6.3
24.7
8
119.2
117.1
5.5
-1.7
9
60.5
99.8
4.7
64.9
10
60.2
77.7
3.7
29.1
1,685.0
1,820.2
85.8
8.0
325.6
302.3
14.2
-7.1
2,010.6
2,122.6
100.0
5.6
51
#20: Ecuador - Houston Trade Ties
Over view
Houston and Ecuador share extensive business, trade and cultural ties, with more than 350 Houston companies reporting
business or trade ties with Ecuador. Of the firms in the Houston region affiliated with Ecuadorian subsidiaries, 15 are
headquartered in Houston collectively operating 21 subsidiary locations throughout Ecuador. Conversely, at least one
Ecuadorian firm operates a subsidiary location in the Houston area. From ’04 to ’14, trade between Houston and Ecuador
increased at a compound annual growth rate of 15.5 percent.
• The Houston-Galveston Customs District (“Houston”) is the busiest gateway for U.S.-Ecuadorian trade.
• Ecuador ranks 20th among all of Houston’s trading partners.
• Trade between Houston and Ecuador has more than quadrupled since ’04, and experienced a rise of 23.4 percent in ’14,
increasing from $3.4 billion in ’13 to $4.2 billion last year. A rise in the value of trade in refined petroleum product exports
to Ecuador accounted for most of the increase.
• Exports to Ecuador totaled $3.3 billion in ’14, an increase from $2.4 billion in ’13.
• Imports from Ecuador totaled $917.6 million in ’14, compared to $979.7 million in ’13.
Seaborne Trade
• Houston is the busiest gateway for U.S.-Ecuadorian waterborne trade (by value).
• Waterborne trade between Houston and Ecuador totaled $4.2 billion in ’14, an increase from $3.4 billion in ’13.
Air Cargo Trade
• Houston ranks as the fifth busiest gateway for U.S.-Ecuadorian air cargo trade (by weight).
• Air cargo trade between Houston and Ecuador totaled 207.8 thousand kilograms in ’14, compared to 215.0 thousand
kilograms in ’13.
TOTAL TRADE, $ VALUE, HOUSTON AND ECUADOR
5
$ BILLIONS
4
3
2
1
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Imports
2009
2010
2011
Exports
52
2012
2013
2014
#20: Ecuador - Houston Trade Ties
EXPORTS - HOUSTON TO ECUADOR
$ Value, Millions
Rank
% of Total
% Change
'13 - '14
Commodity
'13
'14
1
1,725.7
2,484.2
75.4
44.0
2
180.8
248.0
7.5
37.2
3
156.2
183.8
5.6
17.6
4
94.8
76.9
2.3
-18.9
78.7
58.3
1.8
-25.8
0.0
42.9
1.3
N/A
5
6
7
35.8
36.9
1.1
2.9
8
Organic Chemicals
41.7
34.6
1.1
-17.0
9
Cereals
1.5
29.2
0.9
N/A
10
Cotton Yarn and Woven Fabric
24.3
13.3
0.4
-45.4
2,339.5
3,208.0
97.4
37.1
94.0
87.2
2.6
-7.2
2,433.5
3,295.2
100.0
35.4
IMPORTS - ECUADOR TO HOUSTON
$ Value, Millions
Rank
Commodity
'13
'14
% of Total
% Change
'13 - '14
1
910.7
802.8
87.5
-11.8
2
Fish, Crustaceans and Aquatic Invertebrates
20.2
42.7
4.7
111.1
3
Edible Preps of Meat, Fish, Crustaceans, Etc.
17.8
24.0
2.6
34.7
4
9.0
15.8
1.7
75.7
5
5.9
10.5
1.1
77.5
6
6.3
9.9
1.1
57.4
7
Miscellaneous Edible Preps
0.0
3.2
0.3
N/A
8
4.9
1.6
0.2
-67.3
9
1.1
1.6
0.2
40.0
10
0.4
1.3
0.1
256.8
976.3
913.3
99.5
-6.5
3.4
4.3
0.5
24.6
979.7
917.6
100.0
-6.3
HOUSTON TRADE - COMMODITIES RANKED BY VALUE OF TRADE - 2014
Rank
Commodity Description
TOTAL ALL COMMODITIES
54
Annual '12
$ Value
Annual '13
$ Value
Annual '14
$ Value
'12 - '13 %
Change
'13 - '14 %
Change
274,263,854,223
251,855,392,889
253,289,539,625
-8.2
0.6
1
Mineral Fuels, Refined Products, Oils,
Waxes
133,730,658,795
118,064,926,559
111,111,510,624
-11.7
-5.9
2
28,973,564,635
28,456,235,862
31,411,627,733
-1.8
10.4
3
Organic Chemicals
21,444,670,950
22,112,174,937
21,983,784,189
3.1
-0.6
4
12,475,787,540
10,531,170,140
12,290,666,986
-15.6
16.7
5
Electrical Machinery, Equipment and
Parts
12,342,753,249
10,471,823,594
11,100,681,168
-15.2
6.0
6
8,326,612,373
8,981,946,756
8,882,753,160
7.9
-1.1
7
8,698,181,133
7,376,321,381
7,460,257,863
-15.2
1.1
8
4,219,232,558
4,398,872,566
4,463,867,758
4.3
1.5
9
Optic, Photographic, Measuring, Medical
and Surgical Instruments
3,879,053,411
3,719,567,684
3,726,211,044
-4.1
0.2
10
Iron and Steel
3,359,271,760
2,539,484,094
3,720,680,767
-24.4
46.5
11
Cereals
2,069,865,119
2,817,625,331
3,261,105,939
36.1
15.7
12
2,361,896,801
2,083,870,305
2,547,225,886
-11.8
22.2
13
2,411,206,925
2,316,225,594
2,326,750,058
-3.9
0.5
14
Inorganic Chemicals, Rare Earths,
Precious Metals
2,254,203,405
2,334,746,658
2,258,206,929
3.6
-3.3
15
Miscellaneous Industrial Components,
Equipment and Parts
1,304,394,819
1,521,512,509
1,783,456,726
16.7
17.2
16
1,568,446,147
1,552,774,805
1,523,029,695
-1.0
-1.9
17
Furniture, Bedding, Lamps, Etc.
1,121,875,080
1,225,219,305
1,388,228,565
9.2
13.3
18
Gums, Resins and Vegetable Extracts
3,329,487,514
1,530,675,271
1,124,263,308
-54.0
-26.6
19
Pharmaceutical Products
483,163,293
529,031,574
961,217,361
9.5
81.7
20
Essential Oils, Perfumery, Cosmetic Preps
806,453,905
799,613,435
907,195,083
-0.9
13.5
21
Toys, Games and Sports Equipment
739,704,279
751,947,169
864,785,628
1.7
15.0
22
Footwear, Gaiters, Etc.
655,170,986
751,022,602
862,599,061
14.6
14.9
23
Meat and Edible Meat By-Products
1,020,332,555
738,374,478
844,332,066
-27.6
14.4
24
Soaps, Waxes, Polishes, Candles, Dental
Preps
653,147,572
696,105,677
791,071,738
6.6
13.6
25
718,640,409
736,452,780
755,610,035
2.5
2.6
Rank
Annual '12
$ Value
Annual '13
$ Value
Annual '14
$ Value
'12 - '13 %
Change
'13 - '14 %
Change
26
Ores, Slag and Ash
569,814,343
532,534,654
712,060,623
-6.5
33.7
27
827,300,292
785,029,078
698,374,124
-5.1
-11.0
28
622,357,230
629,331,565
678,677,680
1.1
7.8
29
Linens, Needlecraft Sets, Worn Clothing,
Etc.
635,841,103
652,448,364
677,739,428
2.6
3.9
30
Fertilizers
635,520,377
578,757,400
590,949,645
-8.9
2.1
31
Articles of Stone, Plaster, Cement,
Asbestos, Mica
495,310,860
593,645,605
577,278,677
19.9
-2.8
32
431,522,618
473,691,970
569,641,511
9.8
20.3
33
Cotton Yarn and Woven Fabric
353,413,342
453,583,930
506,812,968
28.3
11.7
34
Paper and Paperboard Articles
479,756,338
440,164,098
504,689,311
-8.3
14.7
35
Knitted or Crocheted Apparel and
Accessories
478,947,063
493,343,024
495,916,921
3.0
0.5
36
Copper and Copper Articles
591,900,410
478,226,103
443,500,199
-19.2
-7.3
37
1,435,631,019
668,758,949
431,673,873
-53.4
-35.5
38
Salt, Sulfur, Stone, Lime and Cement
Plaster
359,451,133
321,687,526
418,680,935
-10.5
30.2
39
Non-Knitted Apparel and Accessories
339,814,103
337,760,585
403,929,599
-0.6
19.6
40
Coffee, Tea and Spices
416,595,659
327,340,532
399,895,584
-21.4
22.2
41
Precious Stones, Metals, Coins, Pearls,
Etc.
367,455,126
335,850,483
396,152,098
-8.6
18.0
42
Fish, Crustaceans and Aquatic
Invertebrates
264,249,137
296,110,077
394,426,976
12.1
33.2
43
481,844,412
713,471,598
388,863,050
48.1
-45.5
44
Animal or Vegetable Fats, Oils and
Waxes
643,731,934
617,081,520
368,158,865
-4.1
-40.3
45
Miscellaneous Edible Preps
260,857,968
282,856,872
347,285,696
8.4
22.8
46
Railway or Tramway Stock, Etc.
272,319,322
309,975,055
309,883,907
13.8
0.0
47
Arms and Ammunition
294,459,216
315,241,528
297,238,149
7.1
-5.7
48
Ceramic Products
325,936,544
268,063,367
288,767,466
-17.8
7.7
49
Miscellaneous Articles of Base Metal
262,380,211
246,032,042
271,457,876
-6.2
10.3
50
Tanning Extracts, Dyes, Paints, Inks, Etc.
225,431,079
240,994,859
254,863,556
6.9
5.8
Rank
56
Annual '12
$ Value
Annual '13
$ Value
Annual '14
$ Value
'12 - '13 %
Change
'13 - '14 %
Change
51
Glass and Glassware
213,919,999
221,265,004
250,668,890
3.4
13.3
52
Vegetable, Fruit, Nut Preps
206,256,932
218,732,232
214,458,056
6.1
-2.0
53
308,232,627
254,628,347
203,895,105
-17.4
-19.9
54
Nickel and Nickel Articles
192,741,016
147,121,661
177,807,863
-23.7
20.9
55
Edible Preps of Meat, Fish, Crustaceans,
Etc.
143,295,681
146,632,964
169,570,354
2.3
15.6
56
Dairy Products, Eggs, Honey, Etc.
164,208,685
208,159,677
162,737,490
26.8
-21.8
57
Raw Hides, Skins and Leather
65,351,637
98,485,542
153,747,346
50.7
56.1
58
Food Industry Residues, Animal Feeds
108,501,546
144,924,233
152,873,102
33.6
5.5
59
Modified Starches, Glues, Enzymes
123,985,645
137,712,942
148,681,273
11.1
8.0
60
Leather Items, Saddlery, Handbags, Etc.
106,832,380
134,983,909
147,907,133
26.4
9.6
61
Explosives, Pyrotechnics, Matches, Etc.
89,534,000
95,494,247
131,513,328
6.7
37.7
62
Cereal, Flour and Milk Preps, Bakers
Wares
127,240,951
142,034,080
130,040,559
11.6
-8.4
63
Works of Art, Collectors Pieces and
Antiques
68,870,577
116,337,649
122,720,395
68.9
5.5
64
Books, Newspapers, Magazines, Etc.
142,623,306
148,206,046
111,460,996
3.9
-24.8
65
Impregnated Text Fabrics For Industry
57,964,052
80,135,143
98,478,966
38.3
22.9
66
Base Metals and Articles
138,211,154
105,836,697
96,673,082
-23.4
-8.7
67
Wood Pulp, Paper and Paperboard Waste
68,095,203
79,580,482
86,315,372
16.9
8.5
68
Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles
86,999,446
89,784,058
85,760,137
3.2
-4.5
69
Sugars and Sugar Confectionary
92,990,165
72,172,466
77,385,198
-22.4
7.2
70
Wadding, Felt, Yarn, Twine, Ropes, Etc.
62,874,505
72,616,222
77,111,305
15.5
6.2
71
Manmade Fibers, Yarns, Woven Fabrics
23,755,320
53,657,133
71,750,914
125.9
33.7
72
Miscellaneous Products of Animal Origin
39,614,621
44,138,299
71,058,386
11.4
61.0
73
Carpets and Other Textile Floor
Coverings
37,379,161
46,759,615
57,087,359
25.1
22.1
74
Zinc and Zinc Articles
48,785,238
67,750,661
54,608,669
38.9
-19.4
75
Milling Products, Malt, Starch, Etc.
48,070,079
61,806,351
53,972,941
28.6
-12.7
Rank
Annual '12
$ Value
Annual '13
$ Value
Annual '14
$ Value
'12 - '13 %
Change
'13 - '14 %
Change
76
Photographic or Cinematographic Goods
38,749,159
49,880,732
52,461,641
28.7
5.2
77
Musical Instruments and Parts
63,438,846
58,874,503
44,994,784
-7.2
-23.6
78
Cocoa and Cocoa Preps
31,212,779
35,471,621
41,852,055
13.6
18.0
79
Manmade Fliaments and Woven Fabrics
26,904,640
30,597,813
40,088,558
13.7
31.0
80
Lead and Lead Articles
29,582,240
29,857,536
38,418,061
0.9
28.7
81
Live Animals
146,898,603
96,597,726
32,346,694
-34.2
-66.5
82
Knitted or Crocheted Fabrics
24,115,286
21,348,082
30,488,045
-11.5
42.8
83
Headgear and Parts
25,575,481
25,145,546
24,453,727
-1.7
-2.8
84
Specialty Fabrics, Lace, Tapestries, Etc.
12,584,067
11,315,820
14,746,356
-10.1
30.3
85
Cork and Cork Articles
5,691,138
3,283,654
13,228,714
-42.3
302.9
86
Feathers, Down, Artificial Flowers, Etc.
12,141,402
12,902,371
12,230,027
6.3
-5.2
87
Umbrellas, Walking-Sticks, Riding-Crops,
Etc.
15,439,922
14,325,407
11,221,196
-7.2
-21.7
88
Clocks, Watches and Parts
15,564,855
16,014,783
11,178,180
2.9
-30.2
89
Miscellaneous Vegetable Materials and
Products
6,049,068
10,745,937
7,652,731
77.7
-28.8
90
Baskets, Wickerware and Straw Products
6,218,030
6,179,248
6,451,619
-0.6
4.4
91
Tobacco and Tobacco Substitutes
2,247,788
2,002,105
6,288,463
-10.9
214.1
92
Wool, Animal Hair, Yarn and Woven
Fabric
5,268,239
3,905,831
4,579,445
-25.9
17.3
93
Miscellaneous Vegetable and Paper
Textile Fibers
1,295,637
1,814,038
3,190,251
40.0
75.9
94
Furskins and Artificial Fur
4,028,747
2,769,350
3,093,497
-31.3
11.7
95
Live Trees, Plants, Bulbs, Cut Flowers,
Etc.
3,238,290
2,929,728
2,852,956
-9.5
-2.6
96
Tin and Tin Articles
1,368,478
648,162
1,255,314
-52.6
93.7
97
Silk, Including Yarns and Woven Fabric
291,550
125,386
145,005
-57.0
15.7
Source: WISER LLC
HOUSTON GLOBAL TRADE PARTNERS - VALUE OF TRADE - 2014
Rank
Country
TOTAL ALL COUNTRIES
58
Annual '12
$ Value
Annual '13
$ Value
Annual '14
$ Value
'12 - '13 %
Change
'13 - '14 %
Change
274,263,854,223
251,855,392,889
253,289,539,625
-8.2
0.6
1
Mexico
30,594,161,233
28,380,704,850
28,781,254,559
-7.2
1.4
2
China
12,853,859,083
13,601,042,436
16,592,735,477
5.8
22.0
3
Brazil
14,632,320,956
13,904,863,028
15,660,331,957
-5.0
12.6
4
Venezuela
21,099,228,616
15,065,685,744
12,925,399,558
-28.6
-14.2
5
Colombia
11,444,551,964
11,694,585,690
10,970,044,911
2.2
-6.2
6
Saudi Arabia
15,446,877,683
13,719,960,691
10,929,369,259
-11.2
-20.3
7
Germany
8,970,198,140
8,875,710,283
9,841,826,733
-1.1
10.9
8
Netherlands
9,716,537,457
9,655,180,643
9,060,391,981
-0.6
-6.2
9
Korea, Republic Of
5,934,844,448
6,313,169,008
8,362,124,251
6.4
32.5
10
Russia
9,524,726,069
8,284,928,222
6,809,032,882
-13.0
-17.8
11
United Kingdom
6,611,190,992
5,538,283,639
6,368,870,466
-16.2
15.0
12
Kuwait
4,242,191,759
5,151,477,263
5,852,573,102
21.4
13.6
13
Canada
2,105,170,112
3,240,047,896
5,765,496,361
53.9
77.9
14
Japan
4,913,876,873
4,984,792,640
5,199,611,392
1.4
4.3
15
Belgium
4,308,373,771
4,956,746,733
4,857,012,906
15.1
-2.0
16
India
7,516,319,491
5,175,841,751
4,748,658,351
-31.1
-8.3
17
Chile
5,866,657,999
4,989,186,404
4,362,358,535
-15.0
-12.6
18
Italy
3,614,832,617
3,319,926,389
4,345,472,206
-8.2
30.9
19
France
5,247,062,401
4,748,558,423
4,298,232,833
-9.5
-9.5
20
Ecuador
3,131,502,634
3,413,218,291
4,212,749,179
9.0
23.4
21
Costa Rica
4,717,862,794
4,386,244,322
4,068,651,005
-7.0
-7.2
22
Argentina
3,343,623,992
3,504,206,125
3,712,900,404
4.8
6.0
23
Singapore
4,685,971,944
3,735,596,657
3,391,103,165
-20.3
-9.2
24
Iraq
7,840,317,394
5,116,394,997
3,293,891,393
-34.7
-35.6
25
Turkey
2,956,131,696
2,748,141,960
2,824,168,871
-7.0
2.8
26
Panama
2,365,695,454
2,259,263,101
2,818,686,042
-4.5
24.8
27
Peru
3,184,666,808
3,492,629,608
2,780,946,120
9.7
-20.4
28
United Arab Emirates
2,046,063,318
2,633,478,446
2,608,320,159
28.7
-1.0
29
Spain
2,075,806,525
2,301,562,618
2,560,707,898
10.9
11.3
30
Nigeria
8,828,296,801
4,515,893,182
2,423,110,310
-48.9
-46.3
31
Taiwan
1,958,014,634
1,956,462,396
2,167,996,434
-0.1
10.8
32
Trinidad And Tobago
2,961,778,312
2,016,639,723
1,840,641,972
-31.9
-8.7
33
Australia
2,016,714,499
1,764,073,029
1,632,748,723
-12.5
-7.4
34
Angola
2,045,701,302
2,059,221,888
1,570,012,288
0.7
-23.8
35
Guatemala
2,271,173,254
1,522,173,932
1,435,924,761
-33.0
-5.7
36
South Africa
1,347,433,830
1,358,217,634
1,426,199,206
0.8
5.0
37
Dominican Republic
1,217,352,836
1,103,911,190
1,383,758,664
-9.3
25.4
38
Algeria
2,313,931,377
1,843,504,045
1,361,175,054
-20.3
-26.2
39
Norway
1,164,339,353
1,178,122,495
1,350,142,364
1.2
14.6
Annual '12
$ Value
Annual '13
$ Value
Annual '14
$ Value
'12 - '13 %
Change
'13 - '14 %
Change
Rank
Country
40
Honduras
1,514,519,575
1,281,240,153
1,314,812,793
-15.4
2.6
41
Egypt
1,308,832,712
1,374,423,579
1,305,184,103
5.0
-5.0
42
Israel
1,401,298,467
952,589,879
968,326,837
-32.0
1.7
43
Ireland
667,661,597
762,080,864
927,025,283
14.1
21.6
44
Austria
958,642,762
845,626,518
888,812,054
-11.8
5.1
45
Bahamas
751,043,372
719,725,681
855,398,937
-4.2
18.9
46
Sweden
798,612,223
596,871,219
849,716,152
-25.3
42.4
47
Qatar
701,470,723
817,916,691
829,197,225
16.6
1.4
48
Malaysia
639,658,822
663,793,464
814,921,911
3.8
22.8
49
Switzerland
574,760,694
648,502,200
779,725,304
12.8
20.2
50
Aruba
462,057,011
487,830,946
770,375,701
5.6
57.9
51
Thailand
802,293,295
663,589,204
741,069,322
-17.3
11.7
52
Morocco
397,104,254
722,770,685
729,959,279
82.0
1.0
53
Indonesia
893,970,608
976,718,149
699,319,475
9.3
-28.4
54
Vietnam
733,990,746
638,890,009
662,796,070
-13.0
3.7
55
Malta And Gozo
38,834,281
368,328,963
618,970,693
848.5
68.1
56
Kazakhstan
639,921,106
673,256,422
606,825,977
5.2
-9.9
57
Romania
497,655,565
395,205,217
590,837,533
-20.6
49.5
58
Oman
548,761,268
550,261,978
487,746,287
0.3
-11.4
59
Denmark
454,892,731
359,959,382
441,850,727
-20.9
22.8
60
El Salvador
337,158,636
316,339,776
434,945,230
-6.2
37.5
61
Czech Republic
467,005,109
420,453,678
433,930,887
-10.0
3.2
62
Philippines
362,795,640
411,684,271
426,492,201
13.5
3.6
63
Gibraltar
462,187,387
814,421,985
417,570,886
76.2
-48.7
64
Hungary
223,699,150
232,208,763
409,665,333
3.8
76.4
65
Finland
437,575,566
324,177,088
409,223,854
-25.9
26.2
66
Jamaica
308,491,718
304,466,421
380,331,428
-1.3
24.9
67
Slovakia
328,190,413
310,517,513
378,073,146
-5.4
21.8
68
Ghana
359,254,974
253,592,947
376,353,955
-29.4
48.4
69
Gabon
155,228,044
143,701,880
337,814,588
-7.4
135.1
70
Togo
200,088,242
468,002,909
329,843,819
133.9
-29.5
71
St. Lucia
57,140,027
44,533,024
328,465,032
-22.1
637.6
72
Pakistan
277,392,029
353,846,346
327,229,711
27.6
-7.5
73
Ukraine
472,919,533
359,422,825
317,966,889
-24.0
-11.5
74
Bahrain
333,386,019
286,212,331
308,861,277
-14.2
7.9
75
Poland
399,177,367
303,885,241
303,613,424
-23.9
-0.1
76
Lebanon
78,126,508
94,423,975
299,217,905
20.9
216.9
77
Portugal
324,933,099
214,850,180
295,972,871
-33.9
37.8
78
Suriname
172,791,068
184,937,150
284,930,072
7.0
54.1
79
Equatorial Guinea
494,708,973
236,574,891
264,783,630
-52.2
11.9
60
Annual '12
$ Value
Annual '13
$ Value
Annual '14
$ Value
'12 - '13 %
Change
'13 - '14 %
Change
Rank
Country
80
New Zealand
196,689,922
248,275,376
248,101,110
26.2
-0.1
81
Uruguay
168,163,254
197,908,264
246,130,070
17.7
24.4
82
Azerbaijan
232,806,519
164,528,875
237,901,899
-29.3
44.6
83
Tunisia
133,128,281
398,365,499
221,094,892
199.2
-44.5
84
Kenya
169,870,341
215,235,598
220,185,977
26.7
2.3
85
Cameroon
268,579,183
244,844,248
211,024,362
-8.8
-13.8
86
Nicaragua
217,588,743
229,530,332
207,225,216
5.5
-9.7
87
Hong Kong
165,944,120
143,509,463
196,330,860
-13.5
36.8
88
Namibia
81,721,711
112,832,195
193,290,883
38.1
71.3
89
Congo, Republic Of The Congo
145,100,020
202,646,010
189,951,944
39.7
-6.3
90
Jordan
196,226,138
228,800,973
163,422,373
16.6
-28.6
91
Georgia
125,766,049
119,506,413
157,545,913
-5.0
31.8
92
Tanzania
67,566,125
119,641,787
155,863,375
77.1
30.3
93
Greece
181,433,673
109,858,224
138,481,704
-39.5
26.1
94
Luxembourg
145,092,006
124,615,841
129,624,286
-14.1
4.0
95
Libya
295,859,213
520,961,798
123,620,890
76.1
-76.3
96
Bolivia
115,865,839
237,792,357
122,099,772
105.2
-48.7
97
Mozambique
123,176,543
116,857,419
114,969,556
-5.1
-1.6
98
Ivory Coast
107,519,542
87,072,135
112,859,559
-19.0
29.6
99
Benin
41,513,438
71,228,332
109,389,117
71.6
53.6
100
Bangladesh
83,884,722
113,615,346
107,744,008
35.4
-5.2
101
Bulgaria
20,481,115
45,038,050
104,791,686
119.9
132.7
102
Haiti
74,387,575
115,621,544
94,851,442
55.4
-18.0
103
Cayman Islands
55,200,270
106,304,639
92,981,919
92.6
-12.5
104
Iceland
84,518,487
93,984,326
91,961,601
11.2
-2.2
105
Guinea
120,321,268
102,020,640
89,874,982
-15.2
-11.9
106
Ethiopia
117,418,850
83,360,506
87,142,342
-29.0
4.5
107
Belarus
47,880,067
60,185,712
80,669,920
25.7
34.0
108
Congo, Democratic Republic Of The Congo
73,851,707
44,962,466
68,067,646
-39.1
51.4
109
Guyana
55,282,805
51,379,054
65,203,799
-7.1
26.9
110
Paraguay
64,642,685
104,023,919
62,073,504
60.9
-40.3
111
Slovenia
47,635,101
53,849,931
60,482,793
13.1
12.3
112
Cambodia
19,373,297
24,744,756
56,899,251
27.7
129.9
113
Sri Lanka
46,300,245
41,619,388
50,913,236
-10.1
22.3
114
Turkmenistan
89,153,511
34,102,609
48,913,712
-61.8
43.4
115
Lithuania
51,978,372
54,930,102
48,222,120
5.7
-12.2
116
Curacao
267,790,479
136,466,397
48,010,212
-49.0
-64.8
117
Republic Of Yemen
98,107,365
74,750,315
47,135,850
-23.8
-36.9
118
Martinique
64,973,803
61,839,003
45,083,346
-4.8
-27.1
119
Djibouti
66,169,788
81,922,114
44,900,073
23.8
-45.2
Rank
Country
120
Papua New Guinea
121
Annual '12
$ Value
Annual '13
$ Value
Annual '14
$ Value
'12 - '13 %
Change
'13 - '14 %
Change
145,117,526
28,266,320
43,342,501
-80.5
53.3
Estonia
73,107,510
58,952,279
43,130,333
-19.4
-26.8
122
Chad
44,026,345
27,017,208
43,033,659
-38.6
59.3
123
Mauritania
73,199,659
111,768,009
42,943,701
52.7
-61.6
124
Barbados
17,720,985
11,275,938
39,462,168
-36.4
250.0
125
Latvia
40,664,805
79,899,020
37,893,180
96.5
-52.6
126
Liberia
48,342,345
29,257,905
36,953,110
-39.5
26.3
127
Sudan (Starting 2011)
39,272,803
44,061,069
32,049,287
12.2
-27.3
128
Cyprus
28,557,796
26,504,533
31,443,787
-7.2
18.6
129
Senegal
22,348,856
43,198,800
28,927,676
93.3
-33.0
130
Uzbekistan
24,999,375
37,551,355
26,853,771
50.2
-28.5
131
Belize
61,360,574
18,881,492
24,927,386
-69.2
32.0
132
Serbia
16,847,056
32,165,235
24,292,634
90.9
-24.5
133
Brunei
25,986,331
24,262,507
22,381,448
-6.6
-7.8
134
Croatia
23,627,986
28,130,186
22,091,952
19.1
-21.5
135
Liechtenstein
16,577,274
20,433,986
19,168,672
23.3
-6.2
136
Antigua
21,997,474
1,590,420
18,427,410
-92.8
1058.7
137
Bermuda
10,955,090
38,939,493
18,189,128
255.5
-53.3
138
Macedonia
13,414,341
1,245,505
15,287,392
-90.7
1127.4
139
Albania
7,005,845
27,797,448
14,751,608
296.8
-46.9
140
Uganda
21,597,408
22,499,321
14,084,152
4.2
-37.4
141
Kyrgyzstan
46,541,780
22,437,384
13,709,119
-51.8
-38.9
142
Mauritius
9,959,610
8,916,574
11,766,099
-10.5
32.0
143
Sierra Leone
23,764,960
13,393,983
11,395,967
-43.6
-14.9
144
French Guiana
82,604,087
196,061,617
11,083,248
137.4
-94.4
145
Mongolia
17,442,069
23,529,204
10,880,798
34.9
-53.8
146
Zambia
16,133,713
12,220,183
10,864,188
-24.3
-11.1
147
Niger
8,218,882
9,415,505
10,517,548
14.6
11.7
148
Iran
22,094,149
24,485,397
10,265,516
10.8
-58.1
149
Madagascar
19,743,204
16,138,500
8,696,601
-18.3
-46.1
150
South Sudan
6,088,543
3,790,063
8,653,610
-37.8
128.3
151
Afghanistan
72,155,187
44,124,449
8,652,191
-38.9
-80.4
152
Fiji
691,583
508,357
8,219,967
-26.5
1517.0
153
Armenia
14,427,217
17,054,464
8,104,976
18.2
-52.5
154
Somalia
6,956,840
7,995,718
7,811,564
14.9
-2.3
155
Monaco
1,124,139
1,353,343
7,127,697
20.4
426.7
156
British Indian Ocean Terr.
12,897,834
12,849,384
6,703,470
-0.4
-47.8
157
Dominica
9,577,600
6,540,445
6,090,376
-31.7
-6.9
158
Burma (Myanmar)
4,280,690
52,396,114
5,786,729
1124.0
-89.0
159
Mali
8,695,643
13,184,292
5,621,062
51.6
-57.4
61
62
Rank
Country
160
British Virgin Islands
161
Annual '12
$ Value
Annual '13
$ Value
Annual '14
$ Value
'12 - '13 %
Change
'13 - '14 %
Change
4,044,204
1,631,919
5,018,571
-59.7
207.5
Reunion
788,858
499,452
4,839,300
-36.7
868.9
162
Burkina
11,563,856
12,534,556
4,743,886
8.4
-62.2
163
Bosnia-Hercegovina
773,836
2,195,019
4,648,545
183.7
111.8
164
Faroe Island
3,898,160
3,166,413
4,376,315
-18.8
38.2
165
Rwanda
6,003,434
4,138,093
4,148,256
-31.1
0.3
166
Guadeloupe
50,711,225
18,547,282
4,113,579
-63.4
-77.8
167
Central African Republic
4,121,925
258,850
4,012,520
-93.7
1450.1
168
Zimbabwe
3,322,754
1,578,580
3,377,105
-52.5
113.9
169
Moldova
5,012,746
5,427,337
3,236,398
8.3
-40.4
170
Sint Maarten
3,586,832
38,165,144
3,183,324
964.0
-91.7
171
Swaziland
6,150,520
7,644,646
3,127,535
24.3
-59.1
172
Grenada
3,627,106
339,577
3,003,738
-90.6
784.6
173
Eritrea
711,830
478,548
2,749,669
-32.8
474.6
174
The Gambia
175
Malawi
176
1,025,036
2,914,244
2,383,358
184.3
-18.2
13,754,805
10,155,301
2,179,277
-26.2
-78.5
St. Vincent
3,058,337
2,635,899
2,099,828
-13.8
-20.3
177
Nepal
2,109,195
991,856
1,823,486
-53.0
83.9
178
Macao
1,593,445
3,635,953
1,444,124
128.2
-60.3
179
French Polynesia
457,819
290,016
1,190,561
-36.7
310.5
180
New Caledonia
1,858,538
4,248,188
1,173,842
128.6
-72.4
181
Tajikistan
3,981,689
437,742
1,140,823
-89.0
160.6
182
Christmas Island
0
0
1,140,596
NaN
Infinity
183
Montserrat
0
180,000
915,242
Infinity
408.5
184
Laos
395,773
552,472
891,408
39.6
61.4
185
Marshall Islands
60,473,429
23,823,997
884,041
-60.6
-96.3
186
Burundi
2,991,342
2,607,603
829,464
-12.8
-68.2
187
Seychelles
1,070,934
1,193,986
766,058
11.5
-35.8
188
Botswana
1,494,963
14,396,443
652,070
863.0
-95.5
189
Lesotho
4,092,817
4,584,569
630,677
12.0
-86.2
190
Vatican City
142,571
40,608
621,302
-71.5
1430.0
191
St.Christopher-Nevis
1,447,374
629,785
535,668
-56.5
-14.9
192
Cape Verde
366,509
2,475,067
534,247
575.3
-78.4
193
Anguilla
332,334
149,390
527,080
-55.1
252.8
194
Nauru
0
0
397,051
NaN
Infinity
195
Bhutan
0
0
388,154
NaN
Infinity
196
Montenegro
265,537
45,250
297,630
-83.0
557.8
197
Kosovo
198
West Bank Admin By Israel
199
Maldive Islands
1,117,807
247,949
290,118
-77.8
17.0
112,100
106,970
284,796
-4.6
166.2
2,577,782
228,403
266,626
-91.1
16.7
Rank
Country
200
Guinea-Bissau
201
Syria
202
Annual '12
$ Value
Annual '13
$ Value
Annual '14
$ Value
'12 - '13 %
Change
'13 - '14 %
Change
3,354,725
5,303,203
224,136
58.1
-95.8
221,028
100,344
197,233
-54.6
96.6
Turks And Caicos Islands
69,006
114,095
134,381
65.3
17.8
203
Fr.Sthern.,Antarctic Lands
198,450
0
121,685
-100.0
Infinity
204
Western Samoa
0
0
95,104
NaN
Infinity
205
Sao Tome And Principe
163,394
0
76,184
-100.0
Infinity
206
Cuba
119,730
105,495
71,486
-11.9
-32.2
207
Western Sahara
0
0
69,666
NaN
Infinity
208
San Marino
83,885
213,400
53,702
154.4
-74.8
209
Tonga
710,308
72,930
47,769
-89.7
-34.5
210
Svalbard, Jan Mayen Island
0
0
34,425
NaN
Infinity
211
Comoros
0
74,520
33,000
Infinity
-55.7
212
Greenland
380,768
0
28,932
-100.0
Infinity
213
Cocos Islands
4,983
585,979
21,906
11659.6
-96.3
214
Falkland Islands
2,279,599
52,618
17,824
-97.7
-66.1
215
Niue
0
4,760
8,288
Infinity
74.1
216
Tokelau Islands
3,903,737
8,535
8,040
-99.8
-5.8
217
Andorra
3,236
490,402
7,500
15054.6
-98.5
218
Fedrated States Of Micronesia
230,934
2,625
6,480
-98.9
146.9
219
East Timor
0
37,082
3,202
Infinity
-91.4
220
Vanuatu
146,331
8,282,773
0
5560.3
-100.0
221
St. Pierre And Miquelon
0
229,852
0
Infinity
-100.0
222
St. Helena
223
Solomon Islands
95,256
80,615
0
-15.4
-100.0
0
68,225
0
Infinity
-100.0
224
Norfolk Island
67,583
60,393
0
-10.6
-100.0
225
Tuvalu Islands
0
16,551
0
Infinity
-100.0
226
Palau
71,740
4,655
0
-93.5
-100.0
227
Kiribati
27,413
0
0
-100.0
NaN
228
Cook Islands
5,674
0
0
-100.0
NaN
229
Netherlands Antilles
0
0
0
NaN
NaN
230
Heard And Mcdonald Islands
0
0
0
NaN
NaN
231
Mayotte
0
0
0
NaN
NaN
232
Pitcairn Island
0
0
0
NaN
NaN
233
North Korea
0
0
0
NaN
NaN
234
Serbia And Montenegro
0
0
0
NaN
NaN
235
Sudan
0
0
0
NaN
NaN
236
Gaza Strip Admin By Israel
0
0
0
NaN
NaN
237
Serbia (Incl Kosovo)
0
0
0
NaN
NaN
Source: WISER from US Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Division data
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August 29, 2015
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