WW Jan - Mar 2012 - American Association of Small Ruminant

Transcription

In this Issue
Letter from the President . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Management Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Welcome New Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Sam B. Guss Memorial Fund Donors and Grant Recipients . . . . 3
Call for Awards Nominations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Wool&
Wattles
Summary of AASRP Board of Directors Meetings . . . . . . . . . 4
Proposed Changes to the Bylaws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Dr. Cleon Kimberling is 2011 Livestock Leader . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Committee Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
AVMA Veterinary Leadership Conference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
The AASRP Newsletter
January-March 2012
Volume 40, Issue 1
ASI Annual Convention Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Extralabel Cephalosporin Use Ban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Announcements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Mission Statement of AASRP
Books, Bulletins, and Computer Websites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
“To improve the health and
Footvax® Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
welfare of sheep, goats,
Bunyavirus Surveillance: Cache Valley and Schmallenberg . . . . 7
camelids and cervids,
Effects of Parasites – a Youth Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
AASRP-L Q&A - Source of Toxoplasmosis Abortion Storms . . . 10
to further the professional
AASRP-L Q&A - Bearing Retainer for Prolapsed Vagina . . . . . . 10
development of the members,
AASRP-L Q&A - Ringwomb in Sheep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
provide resources to elevate
AASRP-L Q&A - Selenium Supplementation . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
the standards of small ruminant
AASRP-L Q&A - Bottle Feeding Lambs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
AASRP-L Q&A - Iron Deficiency Anemia in Camelids . . . . . . . 12
AASRP-L Q&A - Alpaca Sling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
AASRP-L Q&A - Approach to Sick Alpaca . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
AASRP-L Q&A - Rental Ultrasound Unit for Student Externs . . . 13
Listerial Myelitis in a Goat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
CAE Virus Infection in Rocky Mountain Goats . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Neurologic Form of Maedi-Visna (OPP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Tuberculosis in Camelids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Computer Models for Delaying Anthelmintic Resistance . . . . . 14
Inherited Resistance to Ovine Progressive Pneumonia . . . . . . 15
Eradication Program Affects Time to Eliminate Footrot . . . . . . 15
Bioavailability of Selenium Sources to Ewes . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Ultrasound Pregnancy Diagnosis of Goats . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
AASRP Membership Meeting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Voting Ballot for Directors, Regions 1 and 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
AASRP Board of Directors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
AASRP Veterinary College Liaisons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
practice and to be the voice
for small ruminant issues.”
Letter from the President
Happy Spring, AASRP! While I am welcoming
the warmer weather and longer daylight, we have
had the driest winter that I can remember and
we have not had any measurable precipitation in
over two months. The grass is desiccating before
our very eyes and you can hear what small growth
there is crackling beneath your feet as you walk.
Hay prices are still fairly high here after so much
hay was shipped to drought-stricken Texas last
fall. I am hoping we get some moisture soon so
that there will be a first cutting in June.
The Board is very appreciative that so many members have already paid
their 2012 dues this year, and I am sure that the AASRP student members
also appreciate the generous donations from members to the Sam Guss
Educational Fund. In order to better facilitate the student applications for
funding, copies of completed applications are being sent to the appropriate
college liaison so that Dr. Wolf has someone to work with if there are
questions about the application or the appropriateness of the externship.
Past President Dr. Jim Fallen has been doing a great job working with
his College Liaison Committee to improve communications between the
AASRP Office, the Board and the liaisons at each of the veterinary colleges.
Jim is working closely with Membership Committee Chair Annika Rogers
to increase communication with the students in a variety of ways in order
to retain student members after graduation. Dr. Rogers was integral in
developing the new Student Membership page on the AASRP website and
we really appreciate all her hard work.
Dr. Michelle Kutzler from Oregon State University is the new Chairman
of the Public Relations Committee. She is looking for members interested
in helping her develop a survey of the membership so that the Board can
make sure we are providing the services that members want as well as
determine member opinions on several controversial topics. Those of you
that participate on the AASRP-L will have noticed an increasing interest in
federal legislative activity, and Board Members are being asked for AASRP
policy on several issues on a monthly basis.
We are still looking for a Communications Committee Chair and we
are seeking someone who can improve information exchange between
the Board, the members, and the AASRP representatives to the AVMA
Committees and Councils. We are looking for someone in an oversight
position that would make sure that AASRP is sending a consistent message
and that the opinions expressed would be those of the consensus of the
membership.
The American Board of Veterinary Practitioners contacted the AASRP Board
again to see if AASRP was interested in developing a board certification for
small ruminant proficiency. We have talked about this subject several times
and have explored the amount of work that would need to be done in order
to develop the requirements and set standards. Three of the larger challenges
are identifying 20 members who would be willing to devote a large amount
of time to develop the Board, finding veterinarians who would be qualified
to be Board certified in sheep, goats, camelids and farmed cervids, and
paying the costs for development of the specialty. If you are interested in
development of a Board Specialty in Small Ruminant Medicine, please
contact me at Joan.S.Bowen@gmail.com. Otherwise, we will continue to
monitor the situation but not actively seek a specialty.
Please remember that nominations for the George McConnell Memorial
Award and the Don Bailey Practitioner of the Year Award are due in the
AASRP office by May 31. Nomination Forms were in the January to March
2012 Wool & Wattles and can also be found at www.AASRP.org. Recipients
will be announced during the AASRP Annual Membership Meeting that
will be held at noon, August 4, 2012 in the AASRP meeting room at the
AVMA Annual Convention in San Diego.
Thank you all for your continuing participation in AASRP and please let
those of us on the Board know what we can do to help you. Best wishes,
Joan Bowen
2
Management Report
As we mentioned in the December Wool and
Wattles issue, AASRP committees continue to
raise their level of activity. Both the College
Liaison and Membership Committees are
meeting on a monthly basis to develop ways
to improve communication with students
interested in food animal and small ruminant
practice and the Membership Committee is
providing increased opportunities to interact with students.
You will notice there is now a student section on the AASRP website.
That section includes information about the student clubs and
student club membership at the various veterinary medical colleges.
It also has a complete list of college liaisons.
The Membership and College Liaison Committees are actively
seeking practitioners who would be willing to discuss small ruminant
practice with student organizations. These discussions need not
take place in person, but can be delivered through various modes
of electronic communication. The committees want to encourage
practitioners interested in speaking with students and encouraging
students to pursue small ruminant practice to contact the AASRP
office to put your name on the volunteer list.
With the addition of Dr. Michelle Kutzler as chair of the Public
Relations Committee, you will see increased communication from
AASRP regarding activities of the association and news of interest to
veterinarians in small ruminant practice. We would again encourage
AASRP members who would like to be involved to contact the office
to volunteer their time and talents on one of the AASRP committees.
Those of you with email should have received the first edition of
the E-news from AASRP. We anticipate the next issue of E-news
will be published in mid-April, 2012. We encourage you to submit
suggestions for content for the e-newsletter and any comments that
you might have regarding improving the appearance or content of
the e-newsletter.
Franz Management Services is honored to serve AASRP member
veterinarians.
Tom Johnson
STUDENT EDUCATIONAL
OPPORTUNITIES
We receive many requests from veterinary students for information about
externship opportunities. We are asking AASRP Veterinary members if
they are interested in hosting primarily 4th year students for 2-4 weeks.
Information that the students desire includes: - Small ruminant species seen
in your practice, - Busiest months of the year relevant to small ruminant
work, - Practice location, - Availability of housing, and - Preferred contact
information for externship requests. Based on student feedback, we see a
need to update externship opportunity information from the membership.
Thus we are asking for those of you who wish to host Student externs to
contact me directly via email using the following Subject line: AASRP
Externships. Thanks and I look forward to hearing from you. Cindy Wolf,
DVM wolfx006@umn.edu
Wool&Wattles January-March 2012
WELCOME NEW MEMBERS
1st Quarter
Full Members
Dr. Joe S. Bailey
Dr. Kenny Barrett
Dr. Natalie Barron
Dr. Louise Jane Batt
Dr. William A. A. Boyd
Dr. Amanda Jane Covington
Dr. Jennifer Ayn Enger
Dr. Franka Figari
Dr. Simon Peter Gascoyne
Dr. Sara Emilia Gomez-Ibanez
Dr. Eric D. Gordon
Dr. Alison Gussack
Dr. William Hare
Dr. Brian J. Hodes
Dr. Brett A. Hoerr
Dr. Elizabeth James
Dr. Jerrod Cameron Johnson
Dr. Allison Lockwood
Dr. Colleen Shannon McCoy
Dr. Anne C. Murphy
Dr. Luis R. Padiilla
Dr. Anne Elizabeth Parker
Dr. John Pollock
Dr. John Howard Porter
Dr. Laura Roe
Dr. Shakyra Rosario
Dr. Angela Sherman
Dr. Joseph Seffi Varsano
Dr. Ellen Linnea Ziemer
Heidi Eberly – Virginia Polytechnic
Michael Freifeld - Cornell
Samantha Godbey – Auburn
Virginia Gregory – Tuskegee
Jill Greisman – Cornell
Liz Griffin – Auburn
Mary Griffin – Auburn
Tori Lynn Hall – Mississippi State
LeeAnn Hyder – Michigan State
Erin Michelle Jones – UC-Davis
Kate Kirby – Auburn
Martha Lukey – Auburn
Laura Mahoney - Tufts
Student Members
Brigitle Meatee – Auburn
Edwin Arriola – St. George’s
Megan McClosky – Auburn
Bobbie Bush – Univ. of Florida
Holly E. Midkiff – Tufts
Jehna Bush – St. George’s
Alyssa O’Dell – Oklahoma State
Beth-Ann Carroll – Auburn
Kathleen Crawford – Colorado State Katherine Platt – UC-Davis
Nicholas Rachosek – Auburn
Anna Daniel – Auburn
Henry Reinart – Michigan State
Ame Rios – Univ. of Georgia
Tora N. Seals – Univ. of Missouri
Susan Shaffer – Cornell
Peter Skurdal – Washington State
Matthew Slentz – Univ. of Wisconsin
Lauren Smith – Auburn
Jo Smoak – Auburn
Amelia Teague – Auburn
Samuel Tepper – Oregon State
Jolene Tourville – Univ. of Minnesota
Roxanne Danae Wallace –
Oklahoma State
Anne Walsh – Univ. of Prince
Edward Island
Josh D. Winslow – Univ. of Georgia
Ashley Nikki Wright – Univ. of
Pennsylvania
Samuel B. Guss Memorial Fund
Contributions as of March 1, 2012
Dr. Samuel B. Guss
(1916-1984)
Dr. Don E. Bailey
Dr. Katherine Beltaire
Dr. Diane R. Biederman-Brynda
Dr. Toni Cotton
Dr. Rachael Emerson
Dr. Rebecca Hall-Cross
Dr. Judith L. Jaxtheimer
Dr. Pamela Jennings
Dr. Michelle Kopcha
Dr. Michel Levy
Dr. Howard E. Miller
Dr. Dawn E. Morin
Dr. Eden Myers
Dr. Jeanne M. Rankin
Dr. Michael Rennick
Dr. Ame Rios
Dr. Joan Dean Rowe
Dr. David Sherman
Dr. Robin Skillman
Dr. Patrick K. Skipton
Dr. Joseph H. Snyder
Dr. Robert J. Van Saun
Dr. Elizabeth A. Williams
Dr. Kathryn N. Wolyn
Dr. Amelia R. Woolums
In order to assist senior veterinary students interested in small ruminant medicine, AASRP provides grants each year to help student members of AASRP undertake extern opportunities. It is not required
that the experience be with small ruminants exclusively, but it should provide at least some chance to observe a modern veterinary practice working with one or more of the small ruminant species.
Over one hundred AASRP-member practitioners throughout the United States – as well as Australia, Brazil, Canada, Germany, Israel and Puerto Rico – offer externships to students seeking experience in
small ruminant medicine. To learn more about the AASRP Student Externship Program, call the AASRP Management Office at 334-517-1233, or log on at aasrp.org
*Donations for the Sam Guss fund can now be made on line without having to go thru the membership renewal. Here is the link: http://aasrp.org/displayemailforms.cfm?emailformnbr=143762
2012 Student Grant Recipients
Due to the continued contributions to the Samuel B. Guss Memorial Fund, the following senior veterinary students have been selected and are
able to receive grants to help assist with the cost of the externships. Thank you to all of the donors. Your contribution truly makes a difference!
Student
Amber Berlin – Univ. of Illinois
Ken Strawn – Kansas State Univ.
Stephan Gibson – Kansas State Univ.
Katie Todd – Univ. of Pennsylvania
Externship
Caine Veterinary Teaching Center
Woodburn Veterinary Clinic
US Sheep Experiment Station
US Sheep Experiment Station
3
CALL FOR AWARD NOMINATIONS
The Association is seeking nominations for the Dr. Donald E. Bailey
Practitioner of the Year Award as well as the George McConnell Award.
Nomination forms are linked to the side bar of the AASRP web site home
page, www.aasrp.org. Both forms list the criteria required for a nominee
to be considered for each award. Nominations are due May 31st, to the
management office of AASRP by mail, email or fax. Nominations are
reviewed for appropriate criteria and forwarded to the Board of AASRP
for selection of recipient.
American Association of Small Ruminant Practitioners
P.O. Box 3614
Montgomery, AL 36109
Phone: 334/517-1233 • Fax: 334/270-3399
Email: aasrp@aasrp.org
Summary of AASRP Board of Directors
Activities for January and February, 2012
The Board of Directors met via conference call on January 19 and
February 24, 2012 and took the following actions:
• Approved nomination for Dr. Grant Seaman to serve on the
AVMA Committee on Environmental Issues.
• Approved the nomination for Dr. Joan Bowen to serve on the AVMA Food Safety Advisory Commission
• Approved revisions to the AASRP Policy Manual.
• Approved Dr. Michelle Kutzler to serve as Chair of the
Public Relations Committee
• Authorized Franz Management Services to conduct the banking affairs of the American Association of Small Ruminant Practitioners
•
Discussed the reserve account for AASRP. The previously held
certificates of deposit have matured. AASRP will invest $50,000
to $55,000 in a reserve account. The final decisions on
investments will be made at the March board meeting.
•
Approved publishing the by-laws changes in the March Wool
and Wattles. If no comments are received from members
regarding changes to the by-laws, the changes will become effective
30 days after publication.
ARTICLE VII
Amendments, Review and Revision
Section 1:A change in the Bylaws may be put to a vote of the membership
upon receipt of a petition signed by at least five (5) active members within
30 days of publication of the change by the Board of Directors in the membership newsletter.”
AMENDED BYLAWS OF AMERICAN
ASSOCIATION OF SMALL RUMINANT
PRACTITIONERS
Approved by membership Date
ARTICLE V
Committees of the Board
Section 3: The Board of Directors shall have an Executive Committee
comprised of no less than three (3) nor more than seven (7) members—being the President, President Elect, and Past President. In the Board’s discretion, it may select additional members to the Executive Committee. The
Executive Committee shall meet as needed and between meetings of the
Board of Directors it shall have and may exercise all of the authority of the
Board of Directors except to the extent, if any, that such authority shall be
limited by the resolution appointing the Executive Committee. The Executive Committee shall not have the authority to recommend to the members
the sale, lease or other disposition of all or substantially all of the property
and assets of the Association other than that in the ordinary and regular
course of its business, the voluntary dissolution of the Association or the
amendment of the Bylaws of the Association. The President shall be chair of
the Executive Committee.
• Approved a motion indicating AASRP is opposed to the passage of
House Resolution 3798.
Section 4: Each member of the Executive Committee shall hold office
until his or her successor is elected and qualified.
•
Section 10: Special committees may be created by the President for
such special tasks as circumstances warrant. A special committee shall limit
its activities to the accomplishment of the task for which it is appointed and
shall have no power to act except as specifically conferred by action of the
Board. Upon completion of the task for which created such special committee shall stand discharged.
The board is working closely with Membership Committee
and the College Liaison Committee to increase communication
to AASRP student members, students interested in small ruminant
practice and our college liaisons.
• Approved the following student educational grants:
Ken Strawn - $200; Amber Berlin - $300; Stephan Gibson - $700;
Katie Todd - $550.
• Accepted applications for 44 new members in January and 18
new members in February, 2012.
•
The board continues to work with the Membership and College
Liaison Committees to improve communication with students
interested in food production and small ruminant clubs and
college liaisons at the colleges.
•
The board directed the College Liaison Committee and Franz
Management Services to communicate with the college liaisons on
a monthly basis reporting activity of board meetings and
committee meetings to the college liaisons.
• The board continues to meet on a monthly basis via teleconference
and has scheduled their annual face-to-face meeting for Saturday,
August 4, 2012 at the AVMA Convention in San Diego.
4
AASRP Members,
Below you will find your Board of Directors’ suggestions for changes
to AASRP bylaws Article V. We have included all the sections that contain
suggested changes. The bylaws in their entirety can be found on the AASRP
website. (www.aasrp.org ) If you would like the membership to vote on
these changes you will need to notify the Management office by June15. If
you believe the changes are acceptable no action is necessary as per Article
VII of the current bylaws.
Section 11: Chairpersons of Standing Committees shall be nominated
by the President annually at the Board of Directors’ annual meeting and
shall serve for a term of one (1) year.
DR. CLEON KIMBERLING
2011 Livestock Leader
His business card says Cleon Kimberling
specializes in sheep health and bicycling. An unlikely combination, but it’s a perfect description
of Kimberling: The 81-year-old veterinarian, who
lives east of Fort Collins, is known throughout the
West for tackling sheep illness and disease, and he’s
dedicated to riding his recumbent-style bicycle for
his own health. “Dr. Kimberling is an icon in the
sheep industry. He’s helped eradicate lots of disease,” said Terry Engle, a
professor in the Colorado State University Department of Animal Sciences
whom Kimberling has mentored. “He is well-respected by producers, colleagues and students, and has always been highly focused on making sure
his students could implement textbook learning into real-world livestock
production. He is also an excellent problem-solver.” The CSU Department
of Animal Sciences has named Kimberling the 2011 Livestock Leader for
his exceptional contributions to the livestock industry. He was honored
Saturday, Jan. 14, during CSU Day at the National Western Stock Show
in Denver. Those honored with the prestigious Livestock Leader award are
dedicated to the livestock industry and are widely known for leadership and
innovation in their fields. “Not in my wildest dreams did I think I should
receive an award like this,” Kimberling said, noting his admiration for previous recipients. “I have a holiday every day that I’ve worked.” Kimberling is a
valued member of CSU’s agricultural family: He earned a bachelor’s degree
in animal science from CSU in 1951, and a degree in veterinary medicine in
1959. For 40 years, from 1965 to 2005, Kimberling was a faculty member in
CSU’s renowned College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences,
and during this time also worked as a CSU Extension veterinarian. Through
his work, Kimberling has embodied the CSU missions in teaching, research
and service, said Kevin Pond, head of the Department of Animal Sciences.
“As a CSU faculty member and Extension veterinarian for four decades, Dr.
Kimberling dedicated himself to learning about livestock health problems,
to the quest for solutions, and to sharing with both students and producers
important discoveries,” Pond said. “He is known among friends and colleagues as a lifelong learner and teacher, and we appreciate everything Dr.
Kimberling has done to gain and share knowledge about the critical issue of
livestock health.” Kimberling has focused on herd health management for
dairy cattle, range beef cattle and range sheep. He developed for the dairy
industry a brucellosis ring test that allows monitoring and surveillance of
infection in large herds using bulk tank sampling. He also helped develop
and standardize the antigen used for the brucellosis card test, a rapid test for
detecting the disease in beef and dairy cows. This work has aided in a near
eradication of brucellosis in many herds and entire states. Kimberling’s contributions to the sheep industry are equally impressive. He championed feed
and nutrition standards for flocks, including breakthroughs in the emerging field of micro-nutrients. To more accurately measure the levels of these
micro-nutrients, a liver sample was necessary. So Kimberling developed a
liver biopsy instrument and a technique to efficiently collect samples. “I
have always looked to improve the health of animals because it makes overall animal production more efficient,” Kimberling said. “The big picture is
healthier populations of sheep or cattle, and thus great efficiency for the
producer.” Kimberling grew up on a farm near Imperial, Neb., and at an
early age became interested in animal health after an outbreak of disease on
his family farm. It inspired him to enter a profession to help other producers
with animal disease prevention. He has poured similar energy into his own
health. After he was diagnosed with prostate cancer, at the age of 65, Kimberling embarked on his first long bicycle trip – from Oceanside, Calif., to
Bar Harbor, Maine – some 3,500 miles. Several years ago, he rode his bike
to Nebraska for his 50th high school reunion. He has also ridden the entire
perimeter of the United States. Kimberling’s battle with cancer – currently
in remission – comes after his years of work battling diseases that afflict animals. “Like my dedication to promoting advancements in livestock health,
my goals with bicycling have always been to keep my mind and body in
shape,” Kimberling said. “You can’t let your mind or body deteriorate.” At
age 81, Kimberling stays active. He works with Optimal Livestock Services,
a Fort Collins-based company that specializes in sheep health, reproduction
and management. Kimberling is also involved with the Food Bank for Larimer County and church-related activities.
Governance Committee Report
The governance committee has completed the annual review of documents concerning AASRP. The documents, Constitution, Bylaws and Policy
Manual have been reviewed by the Board of directors and have been made
available to the membership on the website. Only the Policy Manual had
updates to reflect the new committees determined necessary to increase
membership value and to reflect the desire of the Board of Directors to
improve and modernize the organization.
Dr. Paul Jones
Nominating Committee Report
The AASRP nominating committee has made recommendations to
the Board of Directors to fill available positions representing AASRP on
AVMA committees. These nominations have been forwarded to the AVMA
Executive Board for approval. The nominating committee also made recommendations to the AASRP President, Joan Bowen, for positions within
the organization, namely regional directors and AASRP committee chairpersons. The nominating committee is always seeking members who wish
to serve at either the organization or AVMA level. Please let our executive
director, Tom Johnson, know if you have a desire to volunteer to work for
your organization.
Dr. Paul Jones
2012 AVMA Veterinary Leadership
Conference
Each January, AASRP sends three to five representatives to the AVMA
Veterinary Leadership Conference in Chicago for an outstanding educational and networking experience. In 2012, Dr. Paul Jones attended as
AASRP delegate to the House of Delegates, Dr. Joan Bowen served as both
AASRP President and alternate delegate to the HOD, Dr. Joan Dean Rowe
participated as the President-Elect and Dr. Annika Rogers, our Region 4
District Director, was our emerging leader. There are different tracks for
different classifications of representatives as well as several joint meetings.
All Delegates and alternates attend several working sessions of the
House, but the members of the House and other participants also meet
in other sessions. Attendees have at least three breakout sessions to discuss
the resolutions, bylaws and business with different assortments of attendees.
The Allied Caucus is a loosely structured group of representatives from
different specie groups as well as veterinarians aligned by their employment
status. Members include AASRP, AABP, AASV, AAFP, AAHA, AAAP, AAV,
SFT, as well as representatives from CDC, Homeland Security, USDA, Public Health Veterinarians, University Veterinary Clinicians, Uniformed Services, State Veterinarians, Laboratory Animal Practitioners, and Veterinary
Technicians. We discussed the newly published AVMA Euthanasia Guidelines and how the three resolutions and two amendments before the House
might impact different organizations. Of major concern to AASRP and
AABP was the portion of the AVMA Model Veterinary Practice Act describing VCPR because it differs from the USDA version published in the CFR.
There are eleven geographic districts in the AVMA and members from
each of the states within a district meet together during the District Caucus
with the Executive Board member representing their district. I met with
all the AVMA members present who were from Colorado, New Mexico,
Kansas, Oklahoma, Utah and Arizona and our discussion was guided by
AVMA Executive Board President and District 9 Representative Dr. Ted
Cohn. I was surprised to discover that our District is the third largest in
AVMA. This group was a distinctly different mix than was present in the Allied Caucus, but we discussed the same topics again. Our district was quite
concerned about the proposed Annual Rabies Vaccination Waiver and we
recommended that the Model Practice Act VCPR section be referred back
to committee for further discussion.
The final breakout session sent the House of Delegates members to
one of 7 different Reference Committees. Once each year, members of the
House may request a specific Reference Committee but both delegates may
not serve on the same committee. Dr. Jones serves on Reference Committee 1 which deals with Legislative Issues, while Dr. Bowen participates in
Reference Committee 7 which is concerned with Scientific Activities. Our
Committee receives all of the reports from the Council on Biologics and
Therapeutic Agents, Public Health and Regulatory Veterinary Medicine,
Animal Agriculture Liaison Committee, Food Safety Advisory Committee,
National Association of Veterinary Technicians, and AVM. We were very
fortunate to have Dr. Bernadette Dunham present and she provided us with
a perspective from FDA on antimicrobial use, veterinary oversight in animal
drug use, proposed changes to the veterinary feed directive, and the then
unreleased cephalosporin ELDU ban.
Voting in the House of Delegates does not occur until all the different breakout sessions have been held and this offers attendees an excellent
opportunity to share information and understand how the proposed resolutions and bylaws impact different AVMA groups or members.
5
NOTES FROM THE AMERICAN SHEEP
INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION ANNUAL
CONVENTION
The ASI Annual Convention was held in Phoenix, AZ, January 24-28,
2012. The Association has a number of committees as well as a list of policies and directives many of which are pertinent to animal health. http://
www.sheepusa.org/ASI_Positions
The Animal Health Committee met from 3-5 pm on Thursday, January 26.
Dr. Diane Sutton of USDA/APHIS reviewed the current highlights from
the National Scrapie Eradication Program. The numbers of scrapie cases in
sheep have been steadily declining as a result of selective breeding programs
and slaughter trace back efforts. She also discussed proposed changes in the
Scrapie Flock Certification Program that will be announced this spring. In
the last ten years, 25 cases of scrapie in goats have been diagnosed with an
increase in the annual numbers in the past 3-5 years. (check out the “monthly report” link on the right at http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/
animal_diseases/scrapie/ ) It is likely that the increased numbers are related
to increased surveillance. New sampling minimums for slaughtered goats
will be coming soon.
Dr. Katherine Marshall provided a preliminary report on findings from the
2011 NAHMS Sheep Study which will reflect about 70% of US sheep operations and 85% of the national ewe inventory. Interestingly, results from
the on-farm sampling portion of the study indicated that 47% of sheep
operations were positive for exposure to toxoplasmosis; 52% of operations
were positive for campylobacter, a cause of abortions and human foodborne
illness; and 47% of operations were positive for salmonella bacteria. Samples
were also taken for Q fever. Of 563 participating operations, samples from
16% tested positive by ELISA. These samples will be further tested by the
more specific immunofluorescence assay (IFA). A series of reports will soon
be available at their website: http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/
nahms/sheep/ .
Dr. Margaret Highland of the Animal Disease Research Unit at Pullman,
WA, gave an overview of what is currently known about severe pneumonia outbreaks in bighorn sheep and their possible association with contact
between bighorns and domestic sheep on public range land. ASI estimates
that ~23% of domestic sheep production in the USA utilizes at least some
public land grazing. Suggestions for further research were presented. This
topic has created considerable controversy and will remain a very important
issue for the US sheep industry. Some recent references related to this issue
are below.1-3 You can see the abstracts at the National Library of Medicine
online search engine http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez .
Dr. Don Knowles, Research Leader for the Animal Disease Research Unit
at Pullman, WA, provided an update on research into a possible genetic
marker for susceptibility to ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPP). A
candidate marker, TMEM154, has been identified which appears to be present more frequently in infected animals.4 Further work needs to be done to
validate the findings, but this work suggests that it may be possible to select
sheep that are less susceptible to OPP and gradually reduce the prevalence
of this disease.
During the meeting of the Production Education and Research Council on
Friday, Dr. Keith Inskeep of West Virginia University presented an informative review of appropriate uses of CIDR devices, and Dr. Dan Morrical of
Iowa State University demonstrated the use of some new ration balancing
software for sheep, Sheep BRaNDS, that appears to be user friendly and that
utilizes the 2007 NRC Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants data.
Dr. Morrical would be a contact for inquiries about this software.
For those of you who do not know, ASI publishes the Sheep Production
Handbook which would be an excellent source of information for some of
your clients. http://www.sheepusa.org/Order_Materials ASI also publishes
the Sheep and Goat Research Journal, and the articles, including those in
back issues, are available online at http://www.sheepusa.org/Sheep_and_
Goat_Research_Journal .
Respectfully submitted, William Shulaw, ASI Animal Health Committee
Member, AASRP Board Member Region 1
6
1. Dassanayake RP, Shanthalingam S, Herndon CN, et al.
Mannheimia haemolytica serotype A1 exhibits differential pathogenicity in two related species, Ovis canadensis and Ovis aries. Vet Microbiol
2009;133:366-371.
2. Dassanayake RP, Shanthalingam S, Herndon CN, et al. Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae can predispose bighorn sheep to fatal Mannheimia
haemolytica pneumonia. Vet Microbiol 2010;145:354-359.
3. Lawrence PK, Shanthalingam S, Dassanayake RP, et al. Transmission of Mannheimia haemolytica from domestic sheep (Ovis aries) to
bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis): unequivocal demonstration with green
fluorescent protein-tagged organisms. J Wildl Dis 2010;46:706-717.
4. Heaton MP, Clawson ML, Chitko-McKown CG, et al. Reduced lentivirus susceptibility in sheep with TMEM154 mutations. PLoS
Genet 2012;8:e1002467
ANNOUNCEMENTS
The American Dairy Goat Association’s national show will
be held in Loveland Colorado on July 6 & 7, 2012. The Association needs
veterinary students to help check in goats for the show. Have your students contact Dr. Joan Bowen if they are available to help. Joan Bowen
(Joan.S.Bowen@gmail.com)
The AVMA Annual Convention will be held August 3 - 7, 2012 in
San Diego. We have an AASRP Membership Meeting at noon on Saturday August 4 before the afternoon small ruminant sessions with Dr. John
Angelos. He will be talking about urolithiasis, predator-inflicted trauma,
and pinkeye and other ocular diseases. Sunday is devoted to camelids with
Drs. Susan Tornquist (hematology, biochemistry, infectious diseases, and
neoplasia of camelids) and Susan McClanahan (parasitic diseases, metabolic
and GI diseases, reproduction and dystocia in camelids, and herd health
strategies for camelids). Monday features sheep and goat topics with Drs.
Joan Dean Rowe (reproduction, abortion, and reproductive ultrasound) and
Andrea Mongini (pregnancy toxemia, copper and Boer goats, economics of
commercial goat dairies, and meat goat practice). Tuesday morning is back
to the basics with Dr. Joe Snyder (parasite control, neonatal necessities, and
common foot problems) and range sheep production in the afternoon, including predator control and livestock guardian dogs, with Dr. Nancy East.
All our members should look at page 63 of the program for a fun comment
by one of our regional Directors, Dr. Patty Scharko.
“Camelids, the animals of the future in a changing climate,
- reproduction, production and genetics” will be the topic of a symposium
to be held from 3rd - 5th August 2012 in Vancouver, Canada. This is a satellite meeting of the 17th International Congress of Animal Reproduction
(ICAR) 2012, also in Vancouver July 30 - August 2, 2012. The symposium
aims to support camelid research with oral presentations in all aspects of
reproduction, as well as to provide a useful Continuing Education Program
with leading experts giving papers in specific fields of camelid reproduction,
embryo transfer and artificial insemination, genetics, milk and fiber production and general husbandry. For further information follow updates at the
ICAR site, <http://www.icar2012.com/>.
The XI International Conference on Goats will be held at Gran
Canaria, Spain from September 24 to 27th of 2012. The organizers
promise to do their utmost to ensure that the XI International Conference
on Goats will leave you unforgettable memories not only in terms of Goat
Science but also a great experience overall. Keeping abreast of the latest
developments in Goat research could help those in the industry maintain or
increase their profit margin, so vital to the success of the industry. The conference has a webpage at <http://iga2012.ulpgc.es/IGA_2012/IGA2012.
html>. The International Goat Association has moved to <http://
www.iga-goatworld.com/>
The International Sheep Veterinary Congress will be held February 18th-22nd, 2012 in Rotorua, on the North Island of New
Zealand. The website <http://conference.intsheepvetassoc.org/> will be a
good source of updates in the coming months. Add this site to your “Favourites” folder of website addresses for easy future reference. The website
includes a feature to sign up for email updates at <http://conference.intsheepvetassoc.org/notifications/> and we strongly recommend that you do
this so you can be kept up to date with all the congress arrangements as they
happen. In addition to a superb scientific programme, the Congress will
feature tours incorporating visits of both farming and tourist/scenic interest
through both the North and South Islands of New Zealand. Preliminary
outlines of these tours (now ending at Rotorua) are already available on the
website at <http://conference.intsheepvetassoc.org/pre-congress-tours/>.
The International Sheep Veterinary Congress will be held February
18th-22nd, 2012 in Rotorua, on the North Island of New Zealand.
The website <http://conference.intsheepvetassoc.org> will be a good
source of updates in the coming months. Add this site to your “Favourites” folder of website addresses for easy future reference. The website
includes a feature to sign up for email updates at <http://conference.
intsheepvetassoc.org/notifications> and we strongly recommend that
you do this so you can be kept up to date with all the congress arrangements as they happen. In addition to a superb scientific programme,
the Congress will feature tours incorporating visits of both farming
and tourist/scenic interest through both the North and South Islands
of New Zealand. Preliminary outlines of these tours (now ending at
Rotorua) are already available on the website at <http://conference.
intsheepvetassoc.org/pre-congress-tours>. The call for abstracts for
both oral and poster presentations is now open at the website, and abstracts must be received by August 31st, 2012. Additionally, delegates
presenting papers or posters must register for the conference by the
earlybird deadline of October 31st. Registration is now open.
BOOKS, BULLETINS, AND
COMPUTER WEBSITES
Q Fever frequently asked questions are answered at the Washington State University website:
http://www.vetmed.wsu.edu/depts_waddl/dx/QFever.aspx
A pattern for making a stuffed lamb or kid for 4H or producer
training programs is available at
<http://www.4-hmall.org/Product/4-hcurriculum-dairy-goat/07514.aspx>.
CERVETEC2011, the proceedings of the New Zealand’s
Deer Industry annual technical/veterinary conference hosted by the
NZ Veterinary Association Deer Branch are now available. They consist of
155 pages of up to date material on deer reproduction, welfare, parasites,
paratuberculosis, clinical case reports, Deer industry and diseases in China,
and visions for the deer industry. They can be purchased from the Deer
Branch NZVA at this address below: Peter Wilson, IVABS, Massey University, PB 11222 Palmerston North, New Zealand, Ph 0064 6 3569099 Ext
7619, Fax 0064 6 3505636 <http://ivabs.massey.ac.nz/centres/deer/default.
asp>
The cost is NZ$78 to North America, NZ$84 to Europe and elsewhere. The
Branch has a standing order list for automatic mailing of future issues. The
CERVETEC 2012 conference is scheduled for May 29-31, Queenstown
New Zealand. Details will shortly be on the Cervetec website: http://cervetec.co.nz/
DRUGS AND BIOLOGICS
Footvax® Availability
Many of you know that Footvax® has not been available in the USA for
several months now. The American Sheep Industry Association (ASI) and
the California Wool Growers Association (CWGA) have had several discussions with the USDA and with the vaccine manufacturer (Intervet/Schering-Plough/Merck) over the past year encouraging them to resume licensed
sales. Although no official licensing or approval has been granted at this
writing, it appears that USDA may grant the manufacturer the ability to
import the product into the US under special permit for limited distribution and research without renewal of their regular license.
The vaccine manufacturer and USDA have sought a central US contact to
collect producer and veterinary orders. At this time, the CWGA is willing
to provide this service and will work with USDA and the vaccine company
to help import the amount of product needed by US producers and veterinarians. The cost per dose has not been finalized but is being estimated at
about $2.50 per dose. The time frame for importation is not yet set either,
but it is hoped that it could occur within the next couple of months. To
facilitate this process, the company would like to have an idea of how many
doses might be requested. If you are interested in ordering the Footvax®
product, please email lesa@woolgrowers.org or call 916-444-8122 and let
the CWGA know the number of doses that you would like to order along
with your name, mailing address, phone number and email address. It may
be well for you to contact your clients who may have an interest in order to
help get an accurate accounting of potential need.
The CWGA will prepare a master list of interested people. Once confirmation is received from USDA that the product can be imported for US use,
those who requested vaccine will be notified. The distribution channels are
not yet clearly determined. As details become available, requestors will be
contacted to confirm what entity within each state can provide the product.
It appears from initial discussions that individual state veterinarians will
need to apply for permits in order to allow distribution within their states.
These permits may carry some product usage and reporting responsibilities
with them. It is assumed that the company will be contacting state veterinarians for the permitting process, but it may be well to contact your state
veterinarian to alert them of the issue and your, and your clients’, anticipated needs.
The above text was prepared with the assistance of ASI and is greatly appreciated. I have not been part of the discussions regarding this issue and do
not know the reasons the company has decided not to seek re-licensure of
the product in the US. But I do believe that this issue is part of the ongoing
larger discussion about maintenance of infrastructure in the sheep industry
and keeping numbers up. The Minor Use Minor Species legislation of a few
years ago, for example, has helped reduce the cost of getting a therapeutic
product available for sheep and goats, but the process still requires a company get on board with a product and “shepherd” it through. Likewise,
companies have to be committed and work with USDA/APHIS Center for
Veterinary Biologics to get biologics licensed. They won’t do this unless
they perceive they will be financially rewarded. I truly believe our ability
to access new products in the future depends on our ability to maintain a
strong, vibrant, profitable, and enthusiastic industry.
Respectfully submitted, William Shulaw
BUNYAVIRUS SURVEILLANCE
Many of you have likely seen or heard of Schmallenburg virus that has been
discussed on the AASRP listserve over the past month or two. In response to
this issue and the anecdotal increase in cases of unconfirmed Cache Valley
Virus cases over the last few years in the midwest (also previously discussed
on the listserve) we are starting to increase our surveillance. Please look over
the information below and if you have any arthrogrypotic livestock abortions consider submitting them to us. We do require that cases be submitted
by the attending veterinarian.
At the present time Schmallenberg virus (SBV) has not been identified in
the United States. It can have clinical presentations similar to other orthobunyaviruses that are endemic in the United States such as Cache Valley
virus (CVV). SBV was first discovered in Germany in November 2011 and
has since been associated with reproductive losses and congenital defects
such as arthrogryposis in ruminants in at least five European countries.
Other symptoms of SBV infection may include newborn animals with neurologic symptoms ranging from flaccid paralysis to hyperexcitability, ataxia,
and blindness. Although SBV has not been reported in North America,
the virus could easily be introduced into the United States via an infected
animal or arthropod vector. CVV causes clinical signs similar to SBV and
is currently one of the leading causes of reproductive loss and arthrogryposis in ruminants in the United States. It is therefore extremely important
for the veterinary community to remain vigilant in monitoring for foreign
pathogens such as SBV, as well as indigenous pathogens such as CVV. Accordingly, the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (ISU
7
VDL) is partnering with an industry partner in efforts to increase submissions of fetuses, stillbirths, and neonates with signs suggestive of SBV or
CVV infection. To this end, cases submitted to the ISU VDL that meet the
criteria described below will receive a $100 credit toward the bill for routine
diagnostics related to the submission. Additionally, these cases will be tested
for nine orthobunyaviruses by viral neutralization assay (including Schmallenberg virus once our importation and BSL-3 permit is approved). Since
significant levels of serologic cross reactivity occur between viruses in this
family it is important to compare viral neutralization results from multiple
viruses in order to prevent serologic misdiagnosis. If you have questions
please feel free to contact me (Paul Plummer - contact information listed in
signature at end of post) or Dr. Eric Burrough in the veterinary diagnostic
laboratory at burrough@iastate.edu .
To meet criteria for the $100 statement credit, submissions MUST include
ALL of the following:
1. An intact fetus/stillborn/neonate with arthrogryposis (bovine,
ovine, or caprine)
2. Fresh and formalin-fixed placenta
3. Serum from the dam
Cases should be kept chilled and submitted to the ISU VDL as soon as possible using standard submission paperwork. Please note on the submission
form `SBV Surveillance Project - Burrough.’
Paul J. Plummer, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University
515-294-8522, Pplummer@iastate.edu
trition and drain valuable resources away. Some consume your goat’s blood,
others invade and destroy tissues, others interfere with digestive processes.
Some kinds parasites cause more harm than others; these are like the big
holes in the cups. Other parasites do not cause as much trouble; these are
like the small holes in the cups. However, as you saw with the water exercise,
a lot of small holes can add up to as much impact as a few large holes; the
same is true with parasites. What are some examples of very harmful and less
harmful parasites of goats?
Very harmful parasites = Haemonchus contortus (in large numbers), Nematodirus, Cryptosporidia, Coccidia (in large numbers), some flukes, add others.
Less harmful = tapeworms, nasal bots, some flukes, add others.
Susan R. Kerr, Goldendale, WA
AASRP Constituent Report to AVMA LAC
(Legislative Advisory Committee):
Submitted by: Seyedmehdi Mobini DVM, MS, DACT
The American Association of Small Ruminant Practitioners (AASRP) has
approximately 1000 members being primarily mixed veterinary practitioners, researchers or academicians united by their involvement with either/
or sheep, goats, camelids and cervids. Matters of importance to AASRP and
concerns for the future are:
1-
PARASITES INTERFERE WITH GOAT
GROWTH - A YOUTH EDUCATIONAL
ACTIVITY
This activity is best on a hot summer day--a long way off for most of us! It
was written for adults working with a group of youth. It can be a fun way
to introduce a more traditional lecture-type of presentation because youth
then have a foundation for understanding the damage different types of
parasites can do. It also helps youth understand that goats have parasites; the
types and numbers are what determine the harm done.
This activity is best done outside. Youth should either wear waterproof
clothing or old clothing and footwear that they won’t mind getting wet. You
will need one paper cup per person, one bucket per person, a water supply
and various-sized things to poke holes in the bottom of the cup with (pins,
pencils, thumbtacks, etc.). Put a varying amount of different-sized holes in
the bottom of the paper cups before you hand them out; make sure some
cups have many holes and some have very few; some holes should be larger
and some should be small. Alternatively, you could let participants put the
holes in the bottom of the cups themselves.
Give each participant a cup. Tell them their job is to fill up the bucket with
water, one cup at a time. Place each person’s bucket about two yards away
from the water source. Tell the youth that this is not a competition - they
are all working together to demonstrate a concept. If the youth become tired
of the activity, you may stop when the buckets are half-full. When you are
done, lead the youth through the questions below.
Let’s compare the amount water in each bucket. Whose has the most? The
least?
How many holes did each person have in his/her cup?
How many large holes were there?
How many small holes were there?
How are the size and number of holes related to the amount of water you
were able to deliver to each bucket?
Let’s say that the bucket represents all the meals a goat needs for it to grow
to mature size and each cup represents one meal. Which person’s goat would
have grown fastest? Slowest? Why?
Which person’s goat would be the most expensive to feed to mature size?
Why?
Parasites are like the holes in the cups. They compete with your goat for nu-
8
2-
Proposed cuts for USDA-APHIS and Agricultural Research
Service:
a. Possible changes in the Scrapie flock certification program under consideration by VS (Veterinary Services)
b. Continued funding to finish Scrapie Eradication
through 2017
c. National Animal Disease Traceability System
Funding for Veterinary Medicine Loan Repayment Program
3-
Need to maintain FARAD funding to retain access to science
based recommendations for withdrawal periods following
Extra-Label Drug Use under AMDUCA to insure that wholesome products free from drug residues reach the consumer.
4-
Need to maintain MUADP/NRSP-7 funding so that science
based information will be available to FARAD for drug withdrawal information and to the FDA in order to license and
label pharmaceuticals for use in minor species such as sheep,
goats, camelids, farmed cervids and other minor species.
5-
Need to fund research to develop protocols to monitor pain
and discomfort in animal species with the intent of developing label and license for anesthetics and analgesics used in
other species for similar application in minor species such as
sheep, goats, camelids, farmed cervids.
6-
Need to maintain Extra-Label Drug Use privileges for minor
species due to few pharmaceuticals that are licensed and labeled for use in sheep, goats, camelids and farmed cervids.
7-
Need to open movement of small ruminants across the USCanadian border. The original reason for the border closure
was to prevent BSE infected animals from entering the USA.
The border has been open for breeding cows from Canada to
the USA for several years now but the border remains closed
to breeding sheep, goats and camelids.
Cephalosporin Order of Prohibition
Questions and Answers (full document
available at the AASRP website)
On January 6, 2012, the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Center
for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) issued an order prohibiting certain uses of
the cephalosporin class of antimicrobial drugs in food-producing animals.
A copy of the Federal Register document is available at http://www.gpo.
gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-01-06/pdf/2012-35.pdf. Although the basis for
the order is fully described in the January 6, 2012 final rule, CVM has
provided the following questions and answers.
What is FDA announcing today?
FDA’s Center for Veterinary Medicine is issuing an order that prohibits the
extralabel use of cephalosporin drugs (not including cephapirin) in cattle,
swine, chickens, and turkeys. In its order, FDA is prohibiting what are called
“extralabel” or unapproved uses of cephalosporins in cattle, swine, chickens
and turkeys, the so-called major species of food-producing animals. Specifically, the prohibited uses include:
o using cephalosporin drugs at unapproved dose levels, frequencies, durations, or routes of administration;
o using cephalosporin drugs in cattle, swine, chickens or turkeys
that are not approved for use in that species (e.g., cephalosporin
drugs intended for humans or companion animals);
o using cephalosporin drugs for disease prevention.
The following exceptions to the prohibition apply:
o Extralabel use of approved cephapirin products in food-producing animals;
o Use to treat or control an extralabel disease indication, as long
as this use adheres to a labeled dosage regimen (i.e., dose, route,
frequency, and duration of administration) approved for that
particular species and production class; and
o Extralabel use in food-producing minor species, such as ducks
or rabbits.
Why is FDA doing this?
The cephalosporin class of drugs is important in treating human diseases,
such as pneumonia, skin and tissue infections, pelvic inflammatory disease,
and other conditions. It is critical to preserve the effectiveness of these drugs.
FDA is concerned that certain extralabel uses of cephalosporins in cattle,
swine, chickens and turkeys are likely to contribute to cephalosporin-resistant strains of certain bacterial pathogens. If cephalosporins are not effective
in treating human diseases from these pathogens, doctors may have to use
drugs that are not as effective or that have greater side effects.
The Agency is particularly concerned about the extralabel use of cephalosporin drugs that are not approved for use in cattle, swine, chickens and turkeys
because little is known about their microbiological or toxicological effects
when used in these food-producing animals.
How does this action relate to FDA’s overall strategy to address the public health concern of antibiotic use in food producing animals?
Addressing antimicrobial resistance is a challenging task that requires the
expertise and collaborative efforts of many entities. The order to prohibit
certain extralabel uses of cephalosporin drugs in major species of food-producing animals addresses the use of one class of antimicrobial drugs used in
animal agriculture for therapeutic purposes. This action is among a number of ongoing FDA activities and initiatives intended to address concerns
about the use of antimicrobial drugs in animal agriculture, including:
o Monitoring resistance trends in foodborne bacteria through
the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System
(NARMS)
o Assessing antimicrobial resistance risks for new antimicrobial
drugs as part of the new animal drug approval process.
o Promoting the judicious use of medically important antimicro-
bials currently approved for use in food-producing animals in
a draft guidance entitled, “The Judicious Use of Medically Important Antimicrobial Drugs in Food-Producing Animals” draft
Guidance for Industry #209 (“draft GFI #209”). The agency is
working with animal drug sponsors, the veterinary and public
health communities, the animal agriculture community, and all
other interested stakeholders to address antimicrobial resistance
concerns in a manner that is protective of both human and animal health.
What are some examples of extralabel uses of cephalosporins that are
prohibited by this order?
o In ovo chick injections (injections into chicken eggs) is an unapproved use and is prohibited
o The use of biobullets in beef cattle is an unapproved use and is
o The extralabel use of human cephalosporin drugs in food-producing major species is an unapproved use and is prohibited
o Prevention uses in food-producing major species are prohibited
What is not prohibited by this order?
o Extralabel use of approved cephapirin products in food-producing animals;
o Use to treat or control an extralabel disease indication, as long
as this use adheres to a labeled dosage regimen (i.e., dose, route,
frequency, and duration of administration) approved for that
particular species and production class; and
o Extralabel use in food-producing minor species, such as ducks
or rabbits
When does the order go into effect and is there an opportunity for the
public to comment?
The order of prohibition that published as a final rule on January 6, 2012,
will go into effect on April 5, 2012. However, the public can submit comments during a 60-day comment period that closes on March 6, 2012.
CVM intends to review and consider all submitted comments prior to the
effective date of the order.
When the Order of Prohibition takes effect, cephalosporins will be added to
the current list of drugs and other substances found in 21 CFR part 530 that
are prohibited from extralabel use in food-producing animals as follows:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Chloramphenicol
Clenbuterol
o
o
o
o
Fluoroquinolones
Diethylstilbesterol (DES)
Dimetridazole
Ipronidazole
Other nitroimidazoles
Furazolidone
Nitrofurazone
Sulfonamide drugs in lactating dairy cattle (except approved use
of sulfadimethoxine, sulfabromomethazine, and sulfaethoxypyridazine)
Glycopeptides
Phenylbutazone in female dairy cattle 20 months of age or older
Cephalosporins (not including cephapirin) in cattle, swine,
chickens, or turkeys: (i) For disease prevention purposes; (ii) At
unapproved doses, durations, or routes of administration; or (iii)
If the drug is not approved for that species and production class.
prohibited
9
Answer 2: On a side note, my limited experience with toxo, mostly in sheep,
has let me to believe that there is more to transmission than just cats. We’ve
seen toxo abortion in animals on pasture, not being fed from a bunk where
cats could defecate in the feed, and where no known kittens or young cats
were around. May repeat on farms year after year. So perhaps there is some
transmission from placentas or fluids. I admit that one never knows when a
stray kitten may show up, but in some of these cases the probability of cat
involvement seems vanishingly small.
Joe Snyder, Portland OR
AASRP-L QUESTION AND ANSWER Bearing Retainer for Prolapsed Vagina
In addition, the extralabel use of adamantanes and neuraminidase inhibitors
used to treat or prevent influenza A in humans is prohibited in chickens,
turkeys, and ducks.
AASRP-L QUESTION AND ANSWER Sources of Toxoplasmosis
Question: I have a new start-up herd of 90 goats that has had 5 out of 70
pregnant does abort over the past 2 weeks. The Toxo titers on 2 of the does
that aborted were extremely high - 162,000 and 54,000 (normal is below
40, above 60 is considered a chronic or acute infection). The fetal heart
blood had a Toxo titer of 4000. The brain of the fetus had discrete foci
of necrosis and glial scarring. The pathologist thought it was suggestive of
Neospora. I am wondering if it is really just Toxo in the brain of the fetus.
Lepto, Brucella, BVD are negative. Selenium in the does was within normal
limits. Chlamydia CF and Caprine Herpes virus SN in the does still pending. Campylobacter in the fetus negative. A few questions: does anyone have
any experience with Toxo abortion storms? How long will the abortions go
on? I have stressed the importance of getting the cats out of the barn, out of
the grain bin and off the stored hay.
Answer 1: It is interesting that in the early days before the oocyst was recognised, many researchers worked with the trophozoite with no health
problems. However, once they started working with the oocyst, a number
of them developed infection. It is also recognised that humans can get infected by ingesting trophozoites in raw meat, as was the case in France where
housewives often licked their fingers when preparing meat for cooking.
Our toxoplasma outbreaks occur in sheep running at pasture, usually where
they have been fed hay or grain that has been contaminated with cat faeces
in the areas where it is stored. Loose grain is like sand as a favoured place
for cats to defecate and deposits of cat faeces can be found on hay in sheds
when cats are present.
We had one outbreak of abortion where the source of the infection was believed to be other than contaminated hay or grain. In this case, ewes in late
pregnancy were brought in around the homestead and sheds to eat down the
grass and reduce the bushfire risk. There were a number of breeding queens
in the environment and the heavy stocking rate of sheep in the area would
have disturbed the soil where cats would have buried their faeces.
In another case, toxoplasma abortion occurred regularly on a property next
to the local council rubbish dump that was frequented by cats. We recommended that the paddocks adjoining the dump be used to graze the young
ewes and expose them to infection before they were bred. This reduced, but
did not eliminate the losses. In my experience, some detective work may be
necessary, but our outbreaks of toxoplasma abortion can be traced back to
the oocyst in cat faeces.
John W Plant, New South Wales, Australia
10
Question: I have a ewe with a prolapsed vagina. She was straining and the
vagina was out up to the beginning of the cervix. A small amount of discharge was coming out. I did an epidural and placed a retainer. She did it
again last night and I repeated the procedure. She also got Banamine. She is
due in about two weeks. Do I continue doing this or should I do a cesarean
on her??
Answer: You might try the bearing retainer one more time and you might
provide more external support for holding it in. When Dr. Kimberling first
showed me his homemade wire and tubing bearing retainer many, many
years ago, I was using it in meat breeds of sheep that had wool to which
to tie the handles. His version was a bit bolder than the commercial ewe
spoons now available and maybe that helped keep it in as well.
It wasn’t until I used it in a wool sheep that had been shorn prior to lambing
that we had to be creative about holding these things inside. We use your
basic barnyard staple of baling twine rather than the pathetic two pieces of
white string that come with the retainer. We tie one end to one side and
loop it forward around the ewe’s chest and back to the other side. Pull it
very snugly and tie off the second side. Just behind the elbows and vertically around the chest, we put a “stay” piece of twine from one horizontal
side of the loop around the ewe over the top and tie to keep the twine from
going down and one vertically under the chest to the other side. Now that
she looks like a Christmas package in her yellow or orange twine, she will
usually keep the retainer in. The twine must be snug but this has worked for
us to keep the retainer in until lambing. Ewes can lamb with the retainer in.
Joan Bowen, Colorado
AASRP-L QUESTION AND ANSWER Ringwomb in Sheep
Question: Can prostaglandin (Lutalyse) be used to relax the cervix? What
can be used to dilate the cervix if there are already strong contractions but
the cervix is not dilated? Is this indeed a strong indication for an immediate
cesarean? What if a ewe has been “off” for 3 days and straining on and off
for two hours, then you get the call? At this stage should you also assume a
very friable uterus and perform an immediate cesarean?
Answer: Failure of cervical dilation in ewes can be due to fetal malpositioning (non-engagement in the cervix), uterine torsion, or more likely, a seemingly genetic condition often referred to as ringwomb. If the producer has
already noted chorioallantoic rupture and ultrasound demonstrates viable
fetus(es) by assessment of a heartbeat, and if the gestational length is within
a week of the due date, then c-section is the best option. Some folks have
tried to dilate the cervix manually but there is a high risk of vaginal, uterine,
or cervical rupture, and in the time it takes to work on her the lambs could
die. In other species we often use misoprostol on the cervix but in a case of
true ringwomb the cervix is hard and non-responsive. Prostaglandin F2alpha will not result in cervical dilation.
In the case you mention, if the ewe has been showing signs of labor and abdominal contractions for 3 days, I would recommend to get a good history
from the producer as far as if she is straining because she has diarrhea versus
labor, how many days of gestation she is, if there was an early ultrasound
exam during pregnancy to count fetuses, etc. If she is pre-term please keep
in mind the infectious causes of abortion, a high number of which are zoonotic. At that point, ultrasound exam will show if the uterus is very thin,
how much fluid is in the uterus, and if the fetus(es) are viable or beginning
to become emphysematous. Cesarean section may demonstrate a very thin
uterus with compromised blood flow, especially in cases of uterine torsion,
and in those cases you will have to determine if euthanasia is warranted.
If the ringwomb is caught early, there is a chance of delivering live lambs.
The ewe will eventually open the cervix enough to pass the placenta(s) after
surgery, although if they are detached they can be removed during surgery.
Otherwise if the tissue appears healthy and the placentomes are still strongly
attached, we leave them in situ. Once the progesterone from pregnancy is
removed, she should deliver the placentas. Some folks advocate to apply
estrogens on the cervix but this is not recommended.
Causes and risk factors for ringwomb are not known although a genetic
basis is suspected. It is not known if she will have the condition again on
subsequent pregnancies and some folks debate whether or not to cull the
ewe after weaning and/or any of her female lambs.
Lisa Pearson, Washington State University
AASRP-L QUESTION AND ANSWER Selenium Supplementation
Question: Is there a general consensus that BoSe should be left out of the
protocol for pregnant does despite low Selenium in the soil regionally? I
prefer supplementation through grain.
Answer 1: Selenium supplementation is a challenge in many selenium deficient areas of the US. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates selenium as a food additive, which means we as practitioners cannot
prescribe more than the allowable supplementation rate through the diet,
thus leaving parenteral supplementation as our recourse. First and foremost
one must adequately assess the selenium status of the animals prior to engaging in a supplementation program, inclusive of dietary and parenteral
sources. Current regulations allow for supplemental selenium to be added
to a diet to a level of 0.3 ppm, this is inclusive of all dietary sources (mineral
and diet). The allowable amount in a free choice mineral supplement is 90
ppm for a total intake of 0.7 mg/day, which would calculate out to the 0.3
ppm (2.33 kg/day total intake). Remember these are averages for sheep and
goats. Thus, one cannot supplement selenium in both the mineral source
and the diet at the “allowable” rate and achieve the legal limit of 0.3 ppm
in the total diet. You have options to now use an organic form of selenium
(selenomethionine) that is more bioavailable and increases selenium status
better than inorganic sources. However, there are more risks for toxicity
with the organic form. We recently completed a study looking at selenium
supplementation in sheep from inorganic and organic forms (J Anim Sci
2012; 90:568-584) and found that with inorganic forms you hit a ceiling
in availability, whereas with organic selenium you can continue to increase
blood selenium status with increasing dosing. A balance between inorganic
and organic forms is probably a better option. Amount of organic selenium
necessary will depend upon your local situation relative to the presence of
inhibitory elements (iron and sulfur). We can debate ad infinitum relative to
the optimal dietary concentration of selenium to maintain health and performance. There are places in the US where “specialty mixes” provide nearly
3 mg selenium per day for sheep in an effort to maintain “adequate” status.
This approach would not be acceptable to FDA, but they are not going to
come down on individuals for this situation.
To further confound this whole issue, I have become aware of some disturbing data regarding selenium content of feed ingredients and commercial
feed products. It seems with the recent drought situations across the US,
many cereal grains and soybean meal are coming from the Great Plains area,
which is naturally high in selenium. An incident in Oregon has shown that
feed companies are not monitoring selenium status of their feed ingredients
very well and very high concentrations are being found in a number of
products. There was a situation of selenium toxicity in a swine herd (pigs
are more sensitive to selenium) that brought this situation to light. In reviewing the data collected by the Oregon Department of Agriculture, the
selenium content of many products was higher than one would expect, thus
further suggesting you need to play a role in monitoring selenium status for
your clients. In these same data, a number of commercial salt products also
contained LESS selenium than what was on the label - significantly less to
the point that would result in insufficient supplementation rates. I communicated with the feed regulatory person here in Pennsylvania regarding
this issue thinking that all state regulatory agencies kept a watch on such
things as they do routinely monitor product label quality control. However,
I found out that selenium is not routinely assessed. So, this brings it back
to the practitioner working with their clients to monitor and maintain an
adequate mineral supplementation program.
As a shameless plug, I will be addressing selenium and copper metabolism
and supplementation at the AASRP program in Montreal with AABP this
September and will address mineral supplementation programs at the upcoming New York VMA conference in Ithaca in September also.
Bob Van Saun, Penn State Veterinary Extension
Answer 2: Selenium must be evaluated by locale. In Wisconsin we can’t get
adequate selenium levels with the legally allowable feed supplements. So I
use Bo-Se or Multimin in my protocols. My big commercial producers use
it at dry-off, otherwise I recommend 45 days prior to kidding along with
CDT. I know the Bo-Se label says not to use in pregnant animals but 15
to 20 thousand goats later I’ve not seen any abortion problems. PS, check
liver levels from a normal adult. Goats will find a way to break legs or hang
themselves so you don’t need to do liver biopsies.
Chris Duemler, Brodhead WI
AASRP-L QUESTION AND ANSWER Feeding Bottle Lambs
Statement: I think the real no-no for newborn lambs and kids is calf milk
replacer. The real stuff has never caused me any problems but I have seen
lambs and kids on calf replacer and they don’t do well, particularly lambs
as they require more fat and less lactose than the other species. Kids fall between lambs and calves in their requirements for fat and lactose and maybe
do a little better on calf replacer. However, the fresh cow’s milk must have
some other ingredients that make a big difference in all three species.
Answer 1: Some of the differences between species can be explained by the
nutrient levels in the milks from different species. Values are expressed as
% of DM:
Cows (Holsteins)
fat: 28.7
protein: 25.4
lactose: 40.2
Goats:
fat: 29.2
protein: 25.8
lactose: 38.3
Ewes:
fat: 32.5
protein: 33.7
lactose: 28.2
Some things really stand out about these numbers:
1. Under natural mom-reared conditions, calves and kids receive milk of
approximately the same composition, although the characteristics of the fat
globules may be different. In this respect, these two species are relatively
similar.
2. Under natural mom-reared conditions, lambs receive milk that is much
higher in fat and, most importantly, much lower in lactose, than the other
two species. The energy effect of the extra fat in the milk DM is amplified
because fat contains 225% more energy than lactose.
3. Lambs don’t produce as much lactase as the other species.
11
4. Large amounts of lactose can result in scours in lambs. Hence the deserved bad reputation of cow’s milk for lambs, especially for bottle-fed lambs
as they get older and drink more milk at each meal.
5. Self-feeding systems are particularly good for lambs as they reduce the
problems of the surge of lactose caused by bottle-feedings. Well-designed
self-feeding systems are also easier on the shepherds and allow them to raise
many more orphan lambs.
6. Kids can handle the extra lactose without as much problems as lambs.
Bottle-feeding kids has lower risks than bottle-feeding lambs, especially as
the neonates get older.
7. Weaning completely eliminates the problem of lactose-induced scours.
Hence the attractiveness of early-weaning, especially of lambs (from a health
perspective).
requirement is 3.5 gm/kg metabolic BW and Dr. Robinson’s is 5 gm/kg
metabolic BW). There was a marked improvement in most of the animals
when the pen, feeding space and protein levels were increased. We calculated CP requirements at the 5 gm level and adjusted the grain CP higher
(from a 14% to a 19% or even 21% CP depending on hay quality).
This has solved most of the anemia issues and now the owners are more
aggressive about hands-on body condition scoring, especially the lactating
group. When they find a thin female, they will move it to the thin group,
which is fed better quality forage and the grain is higher CP. They will also
do a fecal and monitor body condition weekly.
8. Companies sometimes include soy protein products in calf milk replacers.
Some calves react badly to these proteins -- unthrifty, poor growth, scours,
etc. The solution is usually to find a milk replacer without those soy-based
ingredients.
This dialogue could be longer, I have tried to condense almost a year’s worth
of frustration and effort into a few paragraphs. I built an Excel spreadsheet
that does my CP and energy calculations for me, which I would be happy to
share. The farm still have issues with anemias, but not as many and not to
the degree that they used to have. Most of improvement has been through
management and monitoring, the rest has come from a better awareness of
nutrition requirements.
Woody Lane, Ph.D., Roseburg OR
Tim Cuchna, Stanwood, WA
Answer 2: I respect the scientific information that Woody has provided
about the differences between cow, goat and sheep milk. But on a practical
basis, there are literally thousands of lambs and kids raised on blended commercial whole cow milk each year. They grow well, they have fewer cases of
diarrhea and bloating than neonates on commercial milk replacer and it is
fed straight out of the container without modification. I would not want to
play with osmotic gradients by adding additional protein or fat.
AASRP-L QUESTION AND ANSWER Alpaca Sling
Joan Bowen, Colorado
AASRP-L QUESTION AND ANSWER - Iron
Deficiency Anemia in Camelids
Question: An 8 year old female alpaca, part of a herd of 30 for 3 years, had
no problems until it seemed uncomfortable for about a week before this
year’s cria was born at the end of January. She delivered a healthy cria unassisted and was rebred mid-February. When I saw her for some dental work
she had dropped weight (from BCS 3.5 at the end of January to about 2.5
out of 5) but otherwise seemed normal. One week later she was acting lethargic and I was shocked at how much weight she had lost in a week - down
to a BCS of 1. She was still eating, drinking, passing manure, and nursing
her cria who was healthy, vigorous, and a good weight. The only significant
finding on the blood panel was a PCV of 8%. Her mucous membranes were
ghost white, so I attempted to stabilize her with a blood transfusion and
refer her, but she didn’t survive the trip to UC Davis. She was submitted for
a necropsy but the only finding was a severe iron deficiency anemia of unknown origin. She was negative for worms or coccidia (she was dewormed
in early January with fenbendazole, almost 60 days before she died), negative for Mycoplasma haemolamae by PCR, and her liver iron level is only one
point below the reference range. No evidence of hemorrhage was found. The
rest of the herd on the same diet and well water are fine, and this animal was
not at the bottom of the pecking order. I feel that feed quantity and quality
and her appetite remained good until the end. She was not wearing a coat
since here in coastal California we had a pretty warm February.
Answer: We saw these cases (iron deficient anemia) all too often about three
years ago an a farm with ~500 alpacas. Most of the animals that became anemic were in the lactating group. We had all the diagnostic work-ups done
(CBC, chem screen, fecals, necropsies, infectious, liver mineral analysis, . .
. ) The testing was done on multiple animals, all with frustrating diagnoses.
We had anemias, some ulcers, some parasitism, but there was not any one
thing that stood out on these animals. They would respond to transfusions
(I became good at doing these) and some recovered, some did not.
Long, frustrating story short, I kept coming back to nutrition as the underlying problem. I researched the small ruminant NRC and found Dr.
Todd Robinson’s (BYU professor) research on alpaca nutrition. There are
two major things that we learned from this issue. First, the animals were
overcrowded and were not eating as much as the owners thought. Second,
most of the animals were being underfed protein (NRC maintenance CP
12
Question: I seem to recall hearing about an alpaca sling at one of the past
camelid meetings but can’t remember which conference it was nor can I put
my hands on the information. Does anyone recall the source for the alpaca
sling? Do any list members use a particular model sling that works well and
they would recommend? I would like to have a sling on hand to use for
downer cases for my use or that I can lend/rent to owners.
Answer: We use the small ruminant or large dog sling using Munk’s design:
<http://www.enasco.com/product/Z18629N>
We also have a float tank - for alpacas we often use a large cattle water tank,
but also use the cow hydrofloatation system by AquaCow: http://www.
downcow.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=66&Item
id=56
David E Anderson, Kansas State University
AASRP-L QUESTION AND ANSWER Approach to Sick Alpaca Question: I have a potential client with a 9 yr old male alpaca that is shivering and off feed today. Owner states he was fine yesterday, but has only eaten
a small amount of grain this morning. The owner is reluctant to have me
out to examine as I had to admit I had limited alpaca experience. The owner
states that manure is normal and the alpaca is urinating fine. The temperature is fairly cold today with a strong, cold breeze in the good old Northeast.
I told the owner to deep bed the alpaca in a draft free stall and use some
blankets to warm him up. There is a chance that I will be seeing this guy in
the near future, so I was just wondering if anyone has a good differentials for
this guy. I was wondering about teeth, peptic ulcers or some other GI issue.
Answer 1: I would check his body condition first - have seen more than one
die of starvation with a nice fleece and owner had NO idea animal was thin.
Good place to start anyway.
Susan Johnson, Plainfield,NH
Answer 2: I would start all sick animal work with a fecal (sugar to detect E.
mac and always quantitative) and bloodwork. Assess body condition by fill
over the dorsal spine one hand width behind the scapula and prominence
of ribs. The owner can take a rectal temperature and give a probiotic and
maybe give thiamine if he has it. Many new owners do not know anything
about any cudchewers especially alpacas. Alpacas are trickier to get blood on
than other species: I think most folks attempt jugular venipuncture medial
to C5 lateral process. Hold off a few minutes to allow it to fill. Vein tends
to lie fairly superficial toward trachea, not in middle of jugular furrow. I use
an 18 gauge on adult males due to thickness of neck skin, 19 gauge on other
adults and 20 ga on crias. Tricky to get owner to hold the head properly: I
want the neck vertical and the head in a normal position (not nose up or to
the side) so I have to train most new owners how to hold them: One hand
under the chin and up around to hold the head/ear (handler’s palm flat on
the head, not trying to rip the ear off). Other hand on the animal’s back to
stop the jump. They always jump at the needle stick. Good to have a second
person on the opposite side of the animal to stop it from spinning away
from handler #1 or use a wall as the second person. Check out hay quality
(soft and green without seed heads is great but at least soft and green) and
type of grain (labeled for alpacas?), and look for feeding competition if in a
group. They need a three sided shelter where they can get out of the wind
and rain (I have found at least two clients who tried to get by with 2 sides
and that is not enough.) I strongly recommend that you overnight a copy
of the Norm Evans book if you plan to work on alpacas...they are different
and there is too much to cover here. Sucralfate 1 gram per 50 # 3 times per
day for 2-4 weeks may help with ulcers if owner cannot do the Pantoprazole
injections ($), but being off feed can be almost anything. Good luck. I think
we will see more and more new owners who need help caring for their new
animals as the price has dropped enough that more people can purchase
them.
B.J. Campbell, Montpelier, VA
AABP-L QUESTION AND ANSWER - Rental
Ultrasound for Externs
Question: Recently I came across a posting (I believe on AETA?) of a veterinary clinic that hosts extern students and rents an U/S machine for the
student’s use while at the clinic. Is anyone aware of a company that offers
this service?
Answer: I rent an ultrasound machine for student extern use for 2-3 weeks.
The student only uses the machine while under my direct supervision. I
rent a machine through the company from which I have purchased a couple
of machines in the past. At first, they were a little reluctant to do this, but
they eventually agreed when I pointed out that: 1) I thought they had had
enough experience dealing with me that they could trust me; 2) I could
rent a car of value equal or greater to any of the machines they might have
to rent simply by presenting a valid driver’s license and a credit card and
be expected to return it undamaged at the end of the agreed-upon rental
period; 3) if I were interested in purchasing a machine they would be willing to loan a demo unit to me for several days at absolutely no cost, hoping
that they might make a sale; 4) if I trained a student in the use of ultrasound
and s/he became accustomed to the make and model they were selling, that
student might become interested in buying or leasing that kind of machine;
5) I would be willing to give the student promotional literature from that
company.
I suppose that in a larger practice there might be enough equipment that a
student could get hands-on ultrasound experience with one of the practice’s
machines, but as a solo practitioner, renting a machine has been the only
way for me to provide this, and it is sooo much more useful to the student
than just looking at images generated by another person performing exams.
I suppose the cost of rental might be a deterrent to some, but as I see it, that’s
just my contribution to veterinary education. Let me know if you have additional questions, or if I might be of further assistance.
Christine T Camann, Unadilla, NY
ABSTRACTS
PATHOLOGY IN PRACTICE
(LISTERIAL MYELITIS)
Not every goat with posterior paresis/paralysis has cerebrospinal nematodiasis.
A 9-year-old Saanen goat in Brazil had been recently purchased and developed posterior ataxia and weakness 5 days after arriving on the farm. It had
a scarred wound in the lumbar area over the vertebral column. On the 8th
day posterior paralysis had developed and the goat was dog-sitting, unable
to stand. The animal had flaccid paralysis of the hind limbs but tail and anal
tone were present. The neurologic lesion was localized to the L4-L6 vertebrae. A CSF sample showed elevated total protein at 48 mg/dL (normal 24
to 40 mg/dL) and a markedly elevated nucleated cell count of 75 cells/uL
(normal 0 to 7 cells/uL). The goat was euthanized and necropsy revealed a
severe meningitis characterized by a perivascular infiltrate of lymphocytes,
plasmacytes and macrophages that extended to the white matter. In the gray
matter of the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord but not the brainstem there
were multifocal microabscesses composed of neutrophils and macrophages.
Yellowish cavitated necrotic lesions in the spinal cord yielded Listeria moncytogenes on culture. Listerial myelitis has been reported previously in sheep,
cattle and humans but not in goats (which instead get encephalitic listeriosis characterized by unilateral or bilateral cranial nerve deficits). Whereas
poorly fermented silage with pH above 5.5 is often incriminated when small
ruminants develop listeriosis in North America and Europe, in Brazil cases
are often linked to penetration of the mucosal barrier of the buccal or intestinal tract mucosa or to dental disease. In this goat the authors hypothesize
that the organism ascended spinal nerves from the wound on the back to
reach the spinal cord.
A.C.L. Camara et al.
JAVMA 240:269-271, 2012
FATAL CAPRINE ARTHRITIS
ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS-LIKE INFECTION IN
4 ROCKY MOUNTAIN GOATS (Oreamnos
americanus)
Three of the goats had been raised on goat milk from a herd infected with
CAEV. Chronic respiratory disease was the main presenting complaint, but
spinal cord lesions and chronic arthritis were also seen.
Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) is a small ruminant lentivirus with
tropism for monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells that integrates into
host DNA, causing multisystemic inflammatory disease. Viral infection of the
mammary gland epithelial cells is common and transmission of infection is
often through ingestion of milk from infected goats. A yearling and a 2 year
old Rocky Mountain goat in Oregon developed chronic signs of pneumonia,
including rapid respirations, fever, and weight loss. Radiographs of the first
animal showed a generalized interstitial lung pattern in the dorsal lung. The
second animal also developed a right-sided hemiparesis. Both animals originated
from the same herd and had been raised on raw goat milk from a local dairy
later shown to be infected with the CAE virus. The animals did not respond to
multiple antibiotics and were eventually euthanized and necropsied. A 5 year
old Rocky Mountain goat, also raised on milk from the CAEV positive herd,
was presented after several weeks of dyspnea unresponsive to antibiotics. A 10
year old goat that had not been raised on goat milk but had been housed with
the other affected goats also presented for necropsy after being recumbent for 1
week with signs of pneumonia. The lungs of goats 1, 3 and 4 failed to collapse
and showed rib impressions on the pleural surfaces. The lungs were diffusely
firm and meaty and had pale tan nodules present in the caudal lung lobes.
The cranioventral lung lobes were consolidated and tracheobronchial lymph
nodes were enlarged. Two of the goats had increased (600 to 1000 ml) thoracic
fluid positive for CAE antibodies. Alveolar septae were fibrotic and foci of
type II pneumocytes were present. Lung tissues from all 4 goats were positive
for CAEV by immunohistochemistry. Goats 3 and 4, the oldest animals, had
arthritis with thickened synovium in hocks or carpi. The spinal cord in the goat
with hemiparesis showed lymphoplasmacytic inflammation with necrosis and
reactive astrocytes, most prominent in white matter in ventral tracts. The joint
and spinal cord lesions were positive for CAEV antigen. Although infection
with another crossreacting lentivirus cannot be ruled out, these goats had been
exposed to milk from a goat herd with CAEV or had cohabited with infected
goats. Raw domestic goat milk should not be fed to Rocky Mountain goats,
and Rocky Mountain goats should be tested for CAEV and quarantined before
transferring between facilities.
Kristin M. Patton et al.
J Vet Diagn Invest 24(2):392–396, 2012
13
VISNA/MAEDI VIRUS GENETIC
CHARACTERIZATION AND SEROLOGICAL
DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTION IN SHEEP
FROM A NEUROLOGICAL OUTBREAK
Genetic analysis of the virus showed that it was most closely related to A2
strains (Visna/Maedi), not to CAE viruses.
Small ruminant lentiviruses can cause a variety of clinical signs, including
interstitial pneumonia, interstitial mastitis, arthritis, and encephalitis or
myelitis. The viruses are currently classified into 5 genotypes: Genotype A
strains are Visna/Maedi virus-like strains (including a clone from the original Icelandic outbreak), Genotype B includes caprine arthritis-encephalitis-like strains, Genotype C is present in strains from sheep and goats in
Norway, Genotype D has been identified from Swiss and Spanish sheep,
and genotype E has been found in Italian goats. There is epidemiological
evidence that some strains of small ruminant lentiviruses have a particular
tissue tropism, as in some regions pneumonia and mastitis are common
and arthritis and neurologic disease rare. In the Spanish region of Castilla y
León, numerous cases of the neurologic form have been diagnosed in sheep,
often less than 2 years of age and as young as 4-6 months. In this study
serum was collected from 23 sheep with only neurologic disease that were
seropositive in the Elitest-MVV and from 11 sheep with only clinical signs
of arthritis. Eight of the sheep with Visna-compatible signs (hindlimb weakness, ataxia, recumbency) were euthanized and necropsied. These animals
had typical nonsuppurative myelitis characterized by wedge-shaped areas of
demyelination in the white matter and mononuclear perivascular cuffs and
infiltration of gitter cells in the neuropil. All but one of these animals also
showed mild to moderate microscopic lesions of Visna/Maedi in lung and/
or mammary gland. A virus (termed strain 697) was isolated from one of
these sheep and fully characterized. It was determined to be of the A2/A3
subtype. Furthermore, the transmembrane protein site had the QH amino
acid sequence typical of Visna/Maedi rather than the HQ sequence found
in CAEV-like isolates. The GAG and ENV proteins of the virus were analyzed and a synthetic peptide was created related to the ENV protein. An
ELISA test was produced using this peptide and was positive in 100% of
the 23 sheep with just neurologic signs but in only 9% of the sheep with
just arthritic disease.
I. Glaria et al.
Veterinary Microbiology 155:137-146, 2012
diagnosed in alpaca or llama herds in Great Britain from 2003 to 2009.
These animals could be a source of infection to other livestock species
or humans. Infection is associated with crowding or close proximity to
cattle, with few animals infected in their native habitat. Signs of infection
in llamas and alpacas are nonspecific and often involve lethargy, anorexia
and weight loss with or without respiratory distress. Some animals show
occasional coughing. Sudden death of apparently healthy animals that are
then shown to have extensive lesions has also been reported. Infection by
Mycobacterium bovis in llamas and alpacas appears to occur mainly by the
respiratory route. Lesions are mostly located in lung, pleura and associated
lymph nodes and appear as small multifocal white to yellowish caseous
nodules. However, generalized infection is not uncommon and may involve
pericardial sac, liver, kidney, and associated lymph nodes. The time course
from infection to appearance of lesions in natural infections is unknown.
Detection of infection in a herd usually occurs after an animal dies or is
euthanized with lesions suggestive of tuberculosis. Typically the remainder
of the herd of origin is then tested with intradermal or serologic tests but
little can be said about the sensitivity and specificity of these tests because
not all of the tested animals are subjected to postmortem examination.
Usually only a small proportion of herdmates react to skin tests, suggesting
either a low sensitivity of the test or low transmission rate of tuberculosis
between camelids. The paper summarizes sensitivity and specificity data for
single intradermal tuberculin and single comparative intradermal tuberculin
tests (attempting to minimize false positive reaction from environmental
mycobacteria). The axillary site is usually preferred and maximum values are
obtained at 72 to 96 hours post injection. When a heavy M. bovis challenge
was injected directly into the trachea of 6 llamas, all animals developed
multiple lesions in lungs and other thoracic and abdominal locations in 2
to 5 months. These animals and other experimentally infected SAC have
responded to tuberculin testing with high sensitivity and specificity, but the
tests do not work as well in naturally infected animals. For instance, in one
herd of llamas skin tests detected only 2 of 14 animals with macroscopic
lesions typical of tuberculosis while a serologic test (multiantigen print
immunoassay, MAPIA) was positive in all 14. Mycobacterium microti,
whose primary host is rodents, is able to cause severe disease and similar
lesions in SAC. Currently no specific intradermal tests have been developed
for M. microti and the efficacy of bovine and avian PPD for detecting
infection needs to be assessed. Tuberculosis infection (mineralized abscesses
and granulomatous lesions) in dromedaries and bactrian camels appears to
be rare and usually due to M bovis, though M. pinnipedii has also been
isolated.. Available information suggests that intradermal testing should be
done on the axillary skin of camels, with maximum reactions at 5 days. A
high proportion of camels often respond to avian tuberculin, suggesting
exposure to environmental mycobacteria.
J. Alvarez et al.
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 59:1-10, 2012
A MULTI-SPECIES MODEL TO ASSESS
THE EFFECT OF REFUGIA ON WORM
CONTROL AND ANTHELMINTIC
RESISTANCE IN SHEEP GRAZING
SYSTEMS
DIAGNOSIS OF TUBERCULOSIS IN
CAMELIDS
Old problems, current solutions and
future challenges.
Tuberculosis in South American camelids (SAC) has gained greater
importance in Europe in recent decades as growing numbers of animals
have been imported. For example, 42 outbreaks of tuberculosis were
14
A very effective drug or combination product must be used on most of
the flock if leaving a small percentage untreated is adopted as a means of
delaying resistance.
Computer models were used to explore the effect of various management
practices on the populations of three parasites in sheep: Teladorsagia
(Ostertagia), Haemonchus, and Trichostrongylus. It is known that these
parasites influence each other, for instance the presence of Teladorsagia or
Haemonchus in the abomasum causes the abomasal pH to increase, which
then hinders the establishment of Haemonchus larvae. Administering an
anthelmintic that eliminates the worms and restores normal abomasal
function will then make the host susceptible to reinfection with Haemonchus.
The models used allowed for these interactions and estimated host mortality
and inappetence based on worm burdens. Meteorological data was also used
in the models. The effects on the flock and on development of anthelmintic
resistance of leaving 1 to 10% of sheep untreated (refugia) were explored.
The study also looked at the best way to use monepental (Zolvix), the
recently introduced anthelmintic of a new class, to maintain its efficacy. The
program assumed that resistance to oxfendazole/levamisole combination
was due to a single gene, modeled to be present with an initial R-allele
frequency of 40%. Resistance to macrocytic lactones was assumed to be
incomplete recessive and the initial resistance allele frequency was set at
3%, denoting an emerging resistance problem. For the monepental, initial
resistant gene frequency was set at 0.001% against Haemonchus but had to
be increased to 0.01% in the model if refugia was high on pasture in order to
make resistance appear within 20 years. The effects of deworming with one
drug through the year or alternating products were studied in 4 different
regions using known meteorological data. The consequences of leaving 1%,
4%, 7%, or 10% of the adult stock untreated as a source of refugia were also
modeled. A ewe flock of 500 Merinos and their lambs in New South Wales
were monitored over two years for worm burdens, mortality, and body
weight and results compared with the predictions of the models. Because
of drought conditions the sheep had to be moved frequently between
paddocks, which was not ideal for model validation. In general the model
predicted that leaving more than 4% of adults (randomly selected (selecting
animals based on health or production was judged to be too labor intensive
for Australian conditions) untreated did not sufficiently delay development
of resistance to justify the increased production risk from such a strategy.
It was beneficial to move the sheep onto pastures with low populations of
infective larvae, but the dewormer used on the rest of the flock had to be
highly efficacious. In areas at high risk for Haemonchus, only moxidectin
and monepental gave adequate worm control. As drug resistance increases,
many more worms survive treatment and the population of animals that
must be left untreated to dilute out these resistant larvae becomes so high
that flock health is compromised.
RJ Dobson et al.
Australian Vet J 89:200-208, 2011
REDUCED LENTIVIRUS SUSCEPTIBILITY
IN SHEEP WITH TMEM154 MUTATIONS
The alleles with nonfunctional mutations appeared to confer resistance to
OPP.
Some sheep remain uninfected with ovine progressive pneumonia virus
(Maedi-Visna) despite repeated exposure. The authors conducted a
genome-wide association study to detect if a genetic variation might provide
protection against the lentivirus infection. Sixty-nine matched pairs of
infected and uninfected control sheep were identified among 736 naturally
exposed sheep older than 5 years. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)
in the ovine SNP50 Bead Chip array (n= 54,241 SNPs) were scored for these
sheep. A single SNP on chromosome 17 had a highly significant association
with infection, and this was in a gene homologous to the human TMEM154
gene. Another SNP located in the same gene also was significantly
associated with risk of infection. Sheep with the ancestral form of the gene
(determined by comparing with other artiodactylid species) were three
times more likely to become infected than those with more recent nonsense
or deletion mutations in the gene. Nine cohorts totaling 2,705 sheep three
years and older of various breeds from Nebraska, Idaho, and Iowa were then
analyzed and the relative risk of infection was 2.85 for sheep with one copy
of a full length gene haplotype associated with infection (CI 2.36 - 3.43). A
few sheep homozygous for the deletion gene were identified. One of these
was a Suffolk ewe that lived for 11 productive years in confinement in an
infected flock without becoming infected herself. Multiple homozygous
knockout rams were also identified in the same Nebraska research flock.
This suggests that the TMEM154 gene is not essential for sheep health
and reproduction and that selecting for the knockout allele could help to
eradicate the OPP virus and protect the flock from reinfection. The function
of the TMEM154 protein has not been reported for any species and is still
unknown. However, in humans the associated mRNA is most abundant in
CD19+ B cells and CD14+ monocytes. This is of interest because cells of
the monocyte lineage are the target for OPPV infection in sheep.
M.P. Heaton et al.
PLOS Genetics 8(1):e1002467, 2012
EFFECT ON TIME IN QUARANTINE OF
PROGRAM CHOICE FOR ERADICATION
OF FOOTROT FROM 196 SHEEP FLOCKS
IN SOUTHERN NEW SOUTH WALES
Any flock that adheres to an approved program can eventually eradicate
footrot, but inspect and footbath was the option that resulted in the longest
duration of quarantine.
Footrot is a disease of sheep and goats associated with the bacterium
Dichelobacter nodosus. Infection begins in the interdigital space and in the
case of benign footrot remains there. In virulent forms (strains) of footrot,
infection progresses to the sensitive laminae underlying the sole and
wall. In 1988, the sheep industry in New South Wales, Australia decided
to eradicate virulent footrot, which was possible because the organism
can survive for only a short time in the environment. Flock owners
could choose from three proven options (‘programs’) or combinations to
eradicate the disease: complete destocking of affected flocks or mobs and
replacement with footrot-free sheep; identification and culling of infected
sheep with subsequent inspections to verify success; and inspection with
treatment (either antibiotic injection or paring and footbathing) of affected
animals. In the inspect and treat programs, animals that failed to respond
to treatment needed to be culled. The footrot eradication program was a
success, as more than 6000 flocks in NSW were freed of infections, and
only 23 infected flocks remained in November 2008. The program was
voluntary, and thus few records of the eradication process were kept for
most flocks. However, some flocks were quarantined by the government
when they threatened the health of neighboring flocks, and these flocks
could only be released from quarantine after eradication was successful.
This article reports the flock size, program used, and time to release from
quarantine for 213 flocks in two (out of 42) Rural Lands Protection Board
areas. During the 1981 to 2010 period, mean annual rainfall in the regions
was about 565 mm, with an average of almost 70 days with more than
1 mm rainfall. The regions experienced predominantly winter rainfall,
with new outbreaks of footrot occurring as temperatures rose in the spring.
The initial inspection of quarantined flocks was made in the summer and
entailed careful examination of every foot of every sheep. The quarantine
could be lifted if an inspection more than 7 days after destocking revealed
the presence of no infected sheep or if a summer eradication program was
completed and the whole flock was declared free of virulent footrot after the
following (spring) transmission period. Data from 17 flocks were excluded
because of inadequate records. A combined program at the outset or a
change in program after failure to eradicate the disease caused a further 23
flocks to be excluded from further analysis. Destocking tended to be chosen
by smaller flocks (mean 1100 animals) than those that used inspect/treat
with antibiotics/cull (mean 1437 sheep), inspect and cull (mean flock size
2616) or inspect/footbath/cull (3539 sheep per flock). When the data from
the two groups were combined, the mean time in quarantine was 377 days,
with the shortest time in quarantine being achieved by total destocking
(284) and the longest by inspect and footbathing (502 d). Inspect and cull
(395 days) and treatment with antibiotics (433 days) were intermediate. In
principle destocking could have resulted in lifting of the quarantine a week
after all the sheep left the farm, but many farmers were reluctant to destock
immediately. Inspect and cull was chosen by 41% and total destocking
by 35% of the properties. When employed from the outset, professional
contractors were more effective at eradicating the infection than were the
owners, and they shortened the mean quarantine time by 121 days.
K. Mills et al.
Aust. Vet. J. 90:14-19, 2012
15
ORGANIC AND INORGANIC SELENIUM: 1.
ORAL BIOAVAILABILITY IN EWES
Selenium yeast has higher bioavailability and maintains whole blood
selenium concentrations well, at the FDA approved rate.
Selenium is normally present in the diet in organic forms, selenomethionine
or selenocysteine. The FDA permits addition of selenium to the diet as Naselenite, Na-selenate, or Se-yeast in complete feeds, not to exceed 0.3 mg/
kg diet (as fed) or 0.7 mg Se per day per sheep. There is interest in achieving
higher levels of selenium to potentially improve health, performance, or
disease prevention, but the maximum tolerable level for ruminants is 5 mg/
kg diet. Organic selenium-yeast has higher bioavailability than the inorganic
forms and was compared with them in this 12 month study using Polypay,
Suffolk, and crossbred ewes. The ewes were grazing selenium deficient
pasture supplemented with selenium deficient hays in Corvallis, OR. They
were divided into 8 groups of 30 sheep and drenched once weekly with
water, 1x FDA allowed weekly selenium as Na-selenate (4.9 mg/hd) or 1x,
3x or 5x the FDA allowed supplemental dose of Na-selenite or Seleniumyeast. The effects on whole blood and serum selenium concentrations
were monitored. The effects on immunity (including presence of footrot)
will be described in a later report. Selenium concentrations in the sheep
decreased in the last third of pregnancy and during peak lactation. Selenium
yeast was more effective than either inorganic compound at increasing
selenium concentrations in the sheep at the FDA approved dosing level.
Supranutritional levels of selenium yeast increased the ewe blood and
serum selenium concentrations in a dose-dependent fashion whereas blood
selenium was not higher with 5x sodium selenite than 3x Na-selenite. In
fact, the selenium yeast at FDA level gave the same blood concentrations
as Na-selenite at 3x or 5x, indicating greater bioavailability for the organic
form. None of the ewes showed any signs of selenium toxicity.
J.A. Hall et al.
J Animal Science 90:568-576, 2012
ULTRASONIC ASSESSMENT DURING
PREGNANCY IN GOATS - A REVIEW
B-mode ultrasound has become the norm and is highly accurate.
Reproductive ultrasonography is simple, reliable and non-invasive but
efficiency depends on the expertise of the operator, and the technique
takes a long time to learn. This paper reviews the published literature,
beginning with Amplitude or A-mode ultrasound. A-mode is reportedly
80 to 85% accurate if performed between 60 and 120 days gestation. It
cannot evaluate fetal numbers or viability, neither will it correctly diagnose
pseudopregnant goats, and it is rarely used now. Doppler devices detect fetal
heart beat and blood flow in fetal and uterine vessels. Doppler has not been
successful for detecting gestational age, but skilled operators can predict
single versus multiple fetuses. B-mode ultrasonography, used transrectally
or transabdominally, has become the norm for pregnancy diagnosis in goats
and provides nearly 100% accuracy. A 3.5 MHz probe penetrates 17 to
20 cm and can be used for mid-to late-pregnancy diagnosis. A 5 MHz
probe penetrates 10 to 17 cm and can be used to detect corpora lutea
and early- to mid-pregnancies. A 7.5 MHz probe is useful for identifying
ovarian structures and early pregnancies. Examination during the first
trimester permits early detection of nonpregnant goats and subsequent
prostaglandin treatment of pseudopregnant goats, allowing them to be
rebred in the same breeding season. Transrectal ultrasound techniques
are preferred for very early pregnancies and permit diagnosis 4 to 5 days
earlier than transabdominal techniques. Previous fasting and lifting of the
abdomen during scanning improve the accuracy of transrectal pregnancy
diagnosis. Because early embryonic losses frequently occur, it is good to
wait until days 32 to 34. The fetal heart beat can be detected and fetal
viability assessed. Placentomes can be detected by day 30 transrectally and
by day 40 transabdominally as small echogenic areas on the surface of the
endometrium. Later they appear cup- or donut-shaped, depending on the
plane of section. Estimation of fetal numbers permits proper feeding of the
doe for the number of fetuses carried. Counting is easiest to do between
40 and 70 days gestation but can be done up to 100 days if a 3.5MHz
probe is available. Fasting and lifting the abdomen are again helpful
if a transrectal probe is used. It is difficult to distinguish between twins,
triplets, and quadruplets at any stage of gestation. Fetal sex determination
is performed by locating the genital tubercle next to the umbilical cord of
the male or next to the tail of the female. Fetal sexing is highly accurate after
day 55, except that accuracy of fetal sexing is confounded by the presence
of multiple fetuses. After 50 days the transabdominal route must be used
for pregnancy diagnosis. Fetal viability can be monitored by checking fetal
heart rate and movements. After 100 days, a sector probe is preferred, as a
smaller skin surface area needs to be prepared for the examination. Fetal age
determination is useful for knowing when to dry off lactating does or when
parturition can be safely induced. The crown-rump length (most upper part
of the skull to the end of the sacrum, illustrated in the article) correlates
with gestational age. The biparietal diameter is measured when the image of
the head is symmetrical and the falx cerebri is seen on the midline, dividing
the cerebral hemispheres into two equal parts. It provides a very good
correlation with gestation age during the second trimester. Some researchers
have used the diameter of the fetal orbit or the long and short axes of the
fetal heart for estimating gestational age. The fetal heart rate decreases as
pregnancy progresses. The diameter of the placentomes has a low correlation
coefficient with gestational age, though this can be improved by measuring
only the largest placentomes. Placentomes are difficult to visualize after 100
days gestation.
G. Erdogan
Reprod Domestic Animals 47:157-163, 2012
2012 ANNUAL MEMBERSHIP MEETING
American Association Of Small Ruminant Practitioners
Held In Conjunction With The Avma Annual Convention
August 4 – 7, 2012 – San Diego, California
San Diego Convention Center • 111 W Harbor Drive
Membership Meeting Will Be Held
Saturday, August 4, 2012 At 12:00 (Noon) • Room 27B
16
2012 AASRP BOARD OF DIRECTORS – VOTING BALLOT
Vote only for the director of the district in which you reside. After making your selection, check the box
adjacent to the nominee and sign on the signature line to validate. Ballots must be received by June 1st. Please
return your ballot to the management office by faxing to 334/270-3399, by e-mail to aasrp@aasrp.org or by mail to
the address at the bottom of the page. (Affiliate, Associate and Student Members are not eligible to cast a vote.)
Director, Region 1 (Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, Maine, Massachusetts, Delaware,
Maryland, New Jersey, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Quebec, Newfoundland, Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward
Island and New Brunswick)
William P. Shulaw, DVM, MS, DACVPM - Dr. Shulaw is a Professor and Extension Veterinarian for cattle
and sheep in the Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine at the Ohio State University. His research
and Extension interests center around infectious and parasitic diseases of food producing animals and
their effect on herd and flock health. Currently he has active projects focusing on diagnosis of Johne’s
disease and control of gastrointestinal parasites in sheep. He currently serves on the board and is seeking
a second term.
Write-In: ________________________________________________________
Director, Region 3 (North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri,
Arkansas, Louisiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Saskatchewan, Manitoba and Nunavut Territory)
Clifford Shipley, DVM, DACT - Dr. Shipley is a Clinical Associate Professor of Veterinary Clinical Medicine
and Attending Veterinarian of the Agricultural Animal Care and Use Program at the University of Illinois.
Dr. Shipley’s professional interest is in reproduction in all species with an emphasis on embryo transfer,
laprascopic AI, semen collection and semen freezing in small ruminants. He has a special interest in
cervid reproduction and herd health. In addition, he is also a beef and small ruminant veterinary extension
specialist. He currently serves on the board and is seeking a second term.
Write-In: ____________________________________________________
Ballots will be counted on June 1, 2012, and announced at the 2012 AASRP Annual Membership Meeting in San
Diego, CA during the AVMA Convention in August. It will also be posted in the next issue of Wool & Wattles. Thank
you for your participation in this very important process!
Signature: _______________________________ Region/State:____________
Please Print Your Name: ___________________________________________
AASRP • P.O. Box 3614 • Montgomery, AL 36109
Phone: 334/517-1233 • Fax: 334/270-3399 • Email: aasrp@aasrp.org
17
AASRP Board of Directors
President
Dr. Joan Bowen
5036 E County Rd. 60
Wellington, CO 80549
Phone: 970.568.3613
Cell: 970.217.0447
Joan.S.Bowen@gmail.com
Term: 7/11 – 7/13
President Elect
Dr. Joan Dean Rowe
24580 Cache Street
Capay, CA 95607
Phone: 530.752.0292
Fax: 530.752.4278
jdrowe@ucdavis.edu
Term: 7/11 – 7/13
Immediate Past President
Dr. Jim Fallen
Large Animal Clinic
9300 Guadalupe Trail NW
Albuquerque, NM 87114
Phone: 505.897.3787
Fax: 505.898.8402
fallendvm@aol.com
Term: 7/11 – 7/13
Director, Region 1
Dr. William P. Shulaw
Veterinary Extension
4030 Alton Darby Creek Rd.
Hilliard, OH 43026
Phone: 614-292-9453
Fax: 614-292-4142
shulaw.1@osu.edu
Term: 7/11 – 7/12
Director, Region 2
Dr. Patty B. Scharko
PO Box 102406
Columbia, SC 29224-2406
Phone: 803-788-2269 x290
pschark@clemson.edu
Term: 7/11 – 7/13
Director, Region 3
Dr. Clifford Shipley
University of Illinois, CVM
1008 West Hazelwood Dr.
Urbana, IL 61802
cshipley@illinois.edu
Term: 7/10 – 7/12
Director, Region 4
Dr. Annika M. Rogers
5520 S W Cherry Ave
Corvallis, OR 97333
Phone: 541-602-2062
rogersvetservice@gmail.com
Term: 7/11 – 7/13
Management Headquarters
Franz Management
P. O. Box 3514
Phone: 334/517-1233
Fax: 334/270-3399
Email: aasrp@aasrp.org
AVMA Delegate
Dr. Paul Jones
Woodburn Vet Clinic
225 South Pacific Highway
Woodburn, OR 80634
Home: 503.982.2421
Cell: 503.982.2425
pljvet@gmail.com
2009-2017
Executive Director
Dr. Tom Johnson
Cell: 515-306-1129
AVMA Alternate Delegate
Dr. Joan Bowen
2009-2017
AASRP Representation for AVMA Offices & Committees
Executive Board
Dr. Mark Helfat
(2011-2012)
AVMA Delegate
Dr. Paul Jones
(2009-2017)
Alternate
Dr. Joan S. Bowen
(2009 – 2017)
Legislative Advisory
Committee
Dr. Seyedmehdi Mobini
(2011 – 2014)
Alternate
Dr. Kelly Still Brooks
(2011 – 2014)
Committee on
Environmental Issues
Dr. Peregrine Wolff
(2006 - 2012)
Clinical Practitioners
Advisory Committee
Andrea Mongini
(2010-2013)
Alternate
Dr. Jonathan Bergmann
(2011 – 2014)
Animal Agriculture
Liaison Committee
Dr. Jeanne M. Rankin
(2005 – 2014)
Alternate
Dr. Amy Robinson
(2008-2014)
Food Safety Advisory
Committee
Dr. Christine Navarre
(2006-2012)
Alternate
Dr. Joan Bowen
(2007-2013)
Animal Welfare Committee
Dr. Joe Snyder
(2007-2013)
Alternate
Dr. Peregrine Wolff
(2007-2013)
Committee on Disaster &
Emergency Issues
Dr. Peregrine Wolff
(2008-2012)
AASRP Committee Chairs
•
•
•
•
18
Nomination – Dr. Paul Jones
Continuing Education – Dr. Joan Rowe
College Liaison – Dr. Dave Van Metre
Governance – Dr. Paul Jones
•
•
•
•
Membership – Dr. Annika Rogers
Budget & Finance – Dr. Betty Scharko
Student Educational Opportunities – Dr. Cindy Wolf
Sam Guss Fund – Dr. Cindy Wolf
AASRP VETERINARY COLLEGE LIAISONS
Auburn University
Misty Edmonson, DVM
1500 Wire Road
Auburn, AL 36849
Ph: 334-844-4490
Fax: 334-844-4368
abramms@auburn.edu
Cornell University
Mary C. Smith, DVM
Ambulatory/Prod Med
Box 29
NYS College of Vet Med
Ithaca, NY 14853
Ph: 607-253-3140
mcs8@cornell.edu
Colorado State University
David Van Metre, DVM, DACVIM
Associate Professor
Animal Population Health Inst.
CVM and Biomedical Sciences
Ft. Collins, CO 80523-1678
Ph: 970-297-1299
Fax: 970-297-1275
David.Van_Metre@ColoState.EDU
Iowa State University
Paul J. Plummer, DVM PhD DACVIM
College of Veterinary Medicine
2426 Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center
Ames, IA 50011
Ph: 515-294-8522
Pplummer@iastate.edu
Kansas State University
Patricia A. Payne, DVM, PhD
Department of Diagnostic Medicine/
Pathobiology
College of Vet Medicine
1600 Denison Ave.
Manhattan KS 66506 - 5600
Ph: 785-532-4604
Payne@vet.k-state.edu
Louisiana State University
Marjorie S. Gill, DVM
Vet Teaching Hospital & Clinics
Skip Bertman Drive
Baton Rouge, LA 70803
Ph: 225-578-9574
mgill@vetmed.lsu.edu
Michigan State University
Michelle Kopcha, DVM, MS
Coordinator-Practice-based Ambulatory
Large Animal Clinical Sciences
East Lansing, MI 48824-1314
Ph: 517-355-8491
Fax: 517-432-1092
kopcha@cvm.msu.edu
Ph: 919-513-6245
Fax: 919-513-6464
Kevin_Anderson@ncsu.edu
Ohio State University
Michael Rings, DVM
601 Vernon Tharp Drive
Columbus, OH 43210
Ph: 614-292-6661
Rings.1@osu.edu
Oklahoma State University
Lionel Dawson, DVM
Oklahoma State University
Boren Vet Med Teaching Hosp
Farm Road
Stillwater, OK 74078
Ph: 405-744-8584
Lionel.dawson@okstate.edu
Oregon State University
Michelle Kutzler, DVM, PhD, DACT
Dept. of Animal Sciences
312 Withycombe Hall
Corvallis, OR 97331-6702
Ph: 541-737-1401
Fax: 541-737-4174
Michelle.kutzler@oregonstate.edu
Purdue University
A.N. (Nickie) Baird, DVM, MS
Diplomate ACVS
Associate Professor
Large Animal Surgery
Dept. of Vet. Clinical Science
625 Harrison St.
West Lafayette, IN 47907-2026
Ph: 765-494-8548
Fax: 765-496-2641
abaird@purdue.edu
Texas A & M University
Virginia Fajt, DVM, PhD, DACVCP
Clinical Assistant Professor
326-C VMA
Dept. of Vet. Physiology &
Pharmacology
Hwy. 60, VMA Bldg., MS 4466
College Station, TX 77843
Ph: 979-845-7299
Fax: 979-845-6544
vfajt@cvm.tamu.edu
Tufts University
Sandra L. Ayres, DVM
200 West Borough Rd.
North Grafton, MA 01536
Ph: 508-839-7956 x 84605
sandra.ayres@tufts.edu
Tuskegee University
David McKenzie, DVM
Dept. of Clinical Sciences
School of Veterinary Medicine
Mississippi State University
Dr. Sherrill Fleming, Associate Professor Tuskegee, AL 36088
Ph: 334-727-8461
Food Animal Medicine
dmckenzie@tuskegee.edu
Box 6100
University of California
Mississippi State, MS 39762
Joan Dean Rowe, DVM
Ph: 662-325-2198
Vet Medical Teaching Hospital
sfleming@cvm.msstate.edu
24580 Cache St.
Capay, CA 95607
North Carolina State University
Ph: 530-752-0292
Kevin L. Anderson, DVM, PhD
jdrowe@ucdavis.edu
Dept of Food Animal Health and
Resource Management CVM
University of Florida
4700 Hillsborough St.
VACANT
Raleigh, NC 27606
University of Georgia
Lisa Williamson, DVM
UGA College of Vet Medicine
Large Animal Department
1810 Clotfelter Rd.
Athens, GA 30622
Ph: 706-542-9323
lisa1@uga.edu
University of Illinois
Clifford F. Shipley, DVM, DACT
Assistant Director, AACUP
1008 W. Hazelwood Dr.
Urbana, IL 61802
Ph: 217-333-2479
Fax: 217-333-7126
Cell: 217-493-2958
cshipley@illinois.edu
University of Minnesota
Cindy Wolf, DVM
225 VMC, 1365 Gortner Avenue
St. Paul, MN 55108
Cell: 507-450-5453
Ph: 612-625-1780
Fax: 612-625-6241
Wolfx006@umn.edu
University of Missouri
Tessa Marshall, BVSc, MS
Diplomate ABVP-Dairy Practice
Assistant Teaching Professor
Production Medicine
900 E Campus Dr.
Columbia, MO 65211
Ph: 573-882-6857
marshallts@missouri.edu
University of Pennsylvania
Marie-Eve Fecteau, DVM
Diplomate ACVIM-LA
Asst. Professor for Food Animal
Medicine and Surgery
New Bolton Center
382 W. Street Rd.
Kennett Square, PA 19348
Ph: 610-925-6208
Fax: 610-925-8100
mfecteau@vet.upenn.edu
University of Tennessee
Jerry R. Roberson, DVM, PhD
Associate Professor
Food Animal Medicine/Surgery
College of Vet Med, LACS
2407 River Drive
Knoxville, TN 37996-45545
Ph: 865-755-8256
Fax: 865-974-5773
jrobers8@utk.edu
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Susan D. Semrad, DVM
School of Veterinary Medicine
2015 Linden Drive West
Madison, WI 53706
Ph: 608-263-6695
semrads@svm.vetmed.wisc.edu
Ph: 540-231-4805
Fax: 540-231-6033
dpsponen@vt.edu
Washington State University
Steven M. Parish, DVM
Professor Large Animal Med/Surgery
Diplomat ACVIM
New Vet Teaching Hospital
Pullman, WA 99164
Ph: 509-335-0711
smp@vetmed.wsu.edu
Western University of Health
Sciences
Ronald L. Terra, DVM, MS, MBA
Professor, Food Animal Medicine
College of Vet Medicine
309 E. 2nd Street
Pomona, CA 91766-1854
Ph: 909-469-5693
Fax: 909-469-5635
rterra@westernu.edu
FOREIGN COLLEGE LIAISONS
University of Guelph
Paula Menzies, MPVM
Associate Professor
Ruminant Health Management Group
Ontario Veterinary College
Guelph, Ontario CANADA
N1G 2W1
pmenzies@ovc.uoguelph.ca
University of Montreal
Pascal Dubreuil
Faculté de médicine vétérinaire
3200 Sicotte St-Hyacinthe PQ
J2S 7C6
Ph: 450-773-8521 x8266
Fax: 450-778-8101
Email: pascal.dubreuil@uomontreal.ca
University of Prince Edward Island
Jeffrey Wichtel, BVSC PhD DipACT
Associate Professor
Chairman, Dept of Health Mgt
Atlantic Veterinary College
550 University Avenue
Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island
CANADA C1A 4P3
jwichtel@Upei.CA
University of Saskatchewan
Lyall Petrie, BVMS, MRCVS
Dept of Lg Animal Clinical Sciences
Western College of Vet Medicine
52 Campus Drive
Saskatoon, SK, Canada
S7N 5B4
Ph: 306-966-7087
Fax: 306-966-7174
petrie@skyway.usask.ca
NOTE TO STUDENT: If you cannot
reach your liaison contact please
contact aasrp@aasrp.org
Virginia/Maryland Regional CVM
D. Phillip Sponenberg, DVM, Phd
Professor, Pathology & Genetics
Dept. of Biomedical Sciences
100 Duckpond Drive
Virginia Tech
Blacksburg, VA 24061
19
$
TOTALTOTAL
ENCLOSED
ENCLOSED
Date: Date:
Signature:
Signature:
**A tax**A
deductible
contribution
to the Samuel
B. Guss
Fund helps
small grants
to student
tax deductible
contribution
to the Samuel
B.Memorial
Guss Memorial
Fundprovide
helps provide
small grants
to student
members
of AASRP
to undertake
extern extern
opportunities
in veterinary
practices,
working
with one
or one
more
members
of AASRP
to undertake
opportunities
in veterinary
practices,
working
with
orofmore of
the small
species.
theruminant
small ruminant
species.
PLEASE
MAKEMAKE
YOURYOUR
CHECK
PAYABLE
TO AASRP
PLEASE
CHECK
PAYABLE
TO AASRP
AND MAIL
WITHWITH
THIS THIS
FORMFORM
TO: TO:
AND MAIL
AASRP,
P.O. BOX
AL 36109
AASRP,
P.O.3614,
BOX MONTGOMERY,
3614, MONTGOMERY,
AL 36109
DUES DUES
PAYMENTS
MADE MADE
BY CREDIT
CARD CARD
MAY BE
FAXED
TO 334-270-3399
PAYMENTS
BY CREDIT
MAY
BE FAXED
TO 334-270-3399
YOU CAN
JOIN OR
RENEW
MEMBERSHIP
AT WWW.AASRP.ORG
YOUALSO
CAN ALSO
JOIN
OR RENEW
MEMBERSHIP
AT WWW.AASRP.ORG
Exp. Date:
Exp. Date:
$
$
$
Credit Credit
Card Number:
Card Number:
Payment
Method:
□ Check
□ Mastercard
□ Visa □ Visa
Payment
Method:
□ Check
□ Mastercard
$
$
US Funds
US Funds
$
$
$
$
$
$
U.S./Canada
ForeignForeign
U.S./Canada
Veterinarians
$105 $105
$130 $130
Veterinarians
Non-Veterinary
Associates
$130 $130
Non-Veterinary
Associates $105 $105
Veterinary
Students
$15 $15
$20 $20
Veterinary
Students
**Contribution
to Samuel
B. Guss
**Contribution
to Samuel
B. Guss
Memorial
Fund Fund
Memorial
RetiredRetired
Veterinary
Members
50% discount
off of regular
fee
Veterinary
Members
50% discount
off of regular
fee
MEMBERSHIP
DUESDUES
MEMBERSHIP
All dues
paidbeinpaid
U.S.infunds.
Allmust
duesbe
must
U.S. funds.
___Ultrasonography
for pregnancy
diagnosis
___Ultrasonography
for pregnancy
diagnosis
___Embryo
transfertransfer
___Semen
collection
& evaluation
___Laparoscopic
AI ___Transcervical
AI
___Embryo
___Semen
collection
& evaluation
___Laparoscopic
AI ___Transcervical
AI
If you marked
yes, doyes,
youdo
provide:
(you may
many
apply)
If you marked
you provide:
(youselect
may as
select
as as
many
as apply)
Do youDo
provide
reproductive
services
for sheep
and goats?
___Y ___Y
___N ___N
you provide
reproductive
services
for sheep
and goats?
Would Would
you accept
externships?
___Yes___Yes
____No
you accept
externships?
____No
Non-Veterinarian:
__Associate
__Student
Non-Veterinarian:
__Associate
__Student
PleasePlease
check the
category
that best
you: you:
check
the category
thatdescribes
best describes
Veterinarian:
__Owner/Partner
__Associate
__Academician/Researcher
__Industry
__Government
Veterinarian:
__Owner/Partner
__Associate
__Academician/Researcher
__Industry
__Government
Other__________________________________
Other__________________________________
VETERINARY
COLLEGE______________________________________YEAR
GRADUATED___________
VETERINARY
COLLEGE______________________________________YEAR
GRADUATED___________
E-MAIL________________________________________________________________________________
E-MAIL________________________________________________________________________________
PHONE_______________________________FAX_____________________________________________
PHONE_______________________________FAX_____________________________________________
CITY/STATE/ZIP________________________________________________________________________
CITY/STATE/ZIP________________________________________________________________________
ADDRESS___________________________________________________________
___ □ Home
___ □ Home
□ Office
□ Office
ADDRESS___________________________________________________________
CLINIC/BUSINESS______________________________________________________________________
CLINIC/BUSINESS______________________________________________________________________
NAME________________________________________________________________________________
NAME________________________________________________________________________________
Membership
Membership
Application
Application
AMERICAN
AMERICAN
ASSOCIATION
ASSOCIATION
OF SMALL
OF SMALL
RUMINANT
RUMINANT
PRACTITIONERS
PRACTITIONERS
Wool & Wattles
the AASRP Newsletter
P.O. Box 3614
NONPROFIT ORG.
U.S. POSTAGE
Montgomery, AL
PERMIT NO. 77
PAID
ADDRESS SERVICE REQUESTED

WW Jan - Mar 2012 - American Association of Small Ruminant

Transcription

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