Annual Report -2003E.C - Geological Survey of Ethiopia

THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA
MINISTRY OF MINES
GSE ANNUAL REPORT
2003Eth.C.
(2010/2011)
Principal Office
Addresses of the
Geological Survey of
Ethiopia
Geological Survey of
Ethiopia
Office of the
Director General
Tel: +2516463326
Fax: +2516463326
Vision
e-mail: geology.institute@ethionet.et
To raise basic geoscience mapping coverage to 80%
and delineate 60 mineral resource potential sites by
2007 Eth.C..
Office of the Chief
Geologist
Tel: +2516463321
Fax: +2516463321
Mission
e-mail: survey@ethionet..et
Contribute to the country’s economy by collecting quality
geoscience data and disseminating it to customers
Geoscience Data Center
Tel: +2516464482
Fax: +2516463326
Geoscience Laboratory
Cente
Tel: +2513204161
or +2513202414
Fax: +2516463326
email: gelab@ethionet.et
Drilling service center
Tel. +2516464478
+2516463325
All are found in the premises of
the Survey’s head office at Gurd
Shola except the Central Lab
which is located near Vatican
Embassy, Sar Bet.
Published by
Geoscience Data Center, GSE.
Foreword
The 2003 Eth. C. annual report of the Geological Survey of Ethiopia presents the
overall activities performed during the year in discussion.
The total capital budget expenditure for 10 projects was birr 24,742,043.00 and
that of recurrent budget expenditure was birr 21,821,042.34. and their achievements
are briefly reflected in the annual report. The Survey collected Birr 20,867,452.58
from core drilling services provided, Birr 4,957,505.08 from laboratory sample
analysis services & Birr 76,735.80 from the sale of geoscience maps and
accompanying reports.
The projects executed are mainly focused on basic geoscience mapping,
hydrogeological
mapping,
Mineral
Exploration,
Geothermal
energy
resource
assessment, and Geo-hazard mapping.
Besides these, our Survey provides services in geotechnical investigation, core
drilling, groundwater investigation, basic geoscience data dissemination,
and
laboratory analysis to governmental and private companies.
The achievements recorded during the budget year reflect the relentless efforts of
all GSE geoscience professionals and support staff. I very much like to forward my
sincere appreciation to all staff members whose individual attempt has made a
significant contribution to the overall performance of the Survey. I hope our
performance will even be better in the year 2004 Eth. C.
Contents
1. Basic Geoscience Mapping Core Process………....…………….…………….…….1 2. Mineral Exploration and Evaluation Core Process…………………………..…..12 3. Ground Water Resource Assessment Core Process…………………………….20 4. Geothermal Exploration and Resource Assessment ………...…...........…..24 5. Geo‐hazards Investigation Core Process……………..………….……………..……28 6. Drilling Service Center……………………………………..…………………………..…….32 7. Geoscience Laboratory Center…………….………….………………………….………36 8. Geoscience Data Center…………………………………..………………………..……...40 9. Information Communication Technology Center…………………...………….41 10. Scientific Equipment Engineering, Maintenance and Repair Center…………..………..42 11. Planning Monitoring and Evaluation Process…………….……………..……... .43 12. Procurement & Finance, property Administration and General Service, Maintenance and Transport process …………………..………………….….....….44 13. Change Management Office…………………………………………………….....…...46 14. Gender Mainstreaming Process………….………………………………….……….…48 15. Public Relation and Communication Process………..…………….………..…..52 16. Legal Affairs Work Process……………………………………………………..…..…….53 Geological Survey of Ethiopia
P.O. Box 2302,
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Tel: +2516463326
Fax: +2516463326
e-mail: survey@ethionet.et
www. geology.gov.et
List of Figures
Figure 1. Location map of the Northern Ethiopia Basic Geoscience Mapping Project area.
Figure2. Lithostratigraphy of Maychew map sheet.
Figure3. Geological map of Maychew map sheet.
Figure4. Lithostratigraphy of Yifag map sheet.
Figure5. Geological map of Yifag map sheet.
Figure 6. Lithostratigraphy of West-Gonder and Gonder map sheets.
Figure 7. Geological map of West-Gonder (ND36-16) & Gonder (ND37-13) map sheets
Figure 8. Lithostratigraphy of the Gulch map sheet (ND 37-5).
Figure 9. Geological Map of Gulch Map Sheet (ND37-5)
Figure 10. Location map of the gravity survey area.
Figure 11. Location map of 2003 budget year projects of Groundwater resource assessment core
process
Figure 12. Location Project Area
Figure 13. plan versus performed
Figure 14. No. Analysis /determination
Figure 15. No of Customers per category
Figure 16. No of Analysis or Determination for GSE
Figure 18. Total income generated from service charge
Figure 20. Gold bar income versus expenses
List of Tables
Table 1. Field work activities and volume of work performed
Table 2. Volume of work accomplished
Table 3. Summary of drilling works accomplished during the 2003 E.C budget year
Table 4. No of Analysis or Determination
Table 5. Gold bar analysis expenses
Table 6. On the job training
Table 7. volume of work of ICT in 2003 Eth. C.
Table 8 . Volume of maintenance work in 2003 Eth. C.
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Basic Geoscience Mapping Core Process
NORTHERN ETHIOPIA BASIC GEOSCIENCE MAPPING PROJECT
Northern Ethiopia Basic Geoscience mapping Project (Figure 1) is a two-year (2002-2003
Eth.C) project with an objective set to cover 120,000 sq.km (10.6% of the country’s landmass) area
by integrated geoscience (geology, geochemistry, gravity) mapping at a scale of 1:250,000. During
the 2003 Ethiopian Budget year 66,000 sq.km (5.8% of the country’s landmass) areas has been
mapped at a scale of 1:250,000. These areas are represented by: - (1) Maychew (ND37-15), (2) Yifag
(ND37-14), (3) Gonder (ND37-13) and West-Gonder (ND36-16), and (4) Gulch (ND37-5) map sheets.
The observations and findings during the course of geological mapping are presented below for
each map sheets and for the gravity survey in general.
Figure 1. Location map of the Northern Ethiopia Basic Geoscience Mapping Project area.
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2003Eth.C/2011
tion and Tertiary granite/syenite. The Quaternary volcanics occupy extensive area in the
eastern part of the map sheet that covers the
Afar depression. The volcanics are dominantly
basalt with minor rhyolites.
Maychew Map sheet
The geology of the Maychew map sheet is
represented by rock types ranging in age from
Precambrian to Quaternary (Figure 2 & 3). The
Precambrian rocks are comprised of metavolcanic rocks of basaltic composition. The rocks
are weakly metamorphosed as witnessed by
preservation of original bedding. The original
bedding is openly folded with development of
NW-trending steeply dipping fracture cleavage.
They are also deformed by west-dipping and
east-verging thrust faults and N-trending strike
-slip faults. The Mesozoic sediments are comprised of Late Jurassic sandstones and limestones, and Cretaceous sandstones. The Jurassic sandstones are represented by light yellowish gray, fine- to medium-grained and crossbedded sandstones. These sandstones are regionally referred to as Adigrat Sandstone. The
Jurassic limestones are well bedded, grayish
yellow and crystalline. They are regionally correlatable with Antalo Limestone of northern
Ethiopia. The Cretaceous sediments are dominantly sandstone with minor intercalations of
shale and mudstones. Along Maychew-Mehoni
road a few kilometers before Mehoni, the sandstone attains a thickness of 20 to 30 m and
shows coarsening upward. However, along Koreme-Sekota road the sandstone is observed as
fault-bounding blocks with the Tertiary (Eocene
-Miocene) Plateau basalts. It is apparently difficult to estimate the thickness of the sandstone due to the nature of the exposure as fault
blocks. At place along Koreme-Sekota road, the
sandstone is steeply inclined and strongly
faulted (strike-slip and/or oblique-slip) and
sheared. The sandstone unit in the area may
be correlatable with Amba Aradom sandstones
of northern Ethiopia. The Tertiary volcanic
rocks consist of Eocene to Miocene plateau basalts, Miocene Kemissie rhyolite, Dalha forma-
Figure2. Lithostratigraphy of Maychew
map sheet.
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Figure3. Geological map of Maychew map sheet.
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Yifag Map sheet
The geology of the Yifag map sheet is represented by
three litho-stratigraphic units (Figure 4). These are: (i) Precambrian basement rocks, (ii) Mesozoic sediments, and (iii)
Cenozoic volcanic rocks and Quaternary superficial deposits. The Precambrian basement rocks cover the smallest
part of the map sheet, and exposed at the northeast periphery of the map sheet. It comprises Meta volcanosedimentary rocks (MV/MS). The Mesozoic sediments are
exposed in the highly dissected Tekeze and Bar valley,
mainly comprises sandstone (MLsst). The Cenozoic volcanic rocks of Tertiary and Quaternary age cover the largest part, which accounts 95.1 % of the map sheet. Tertiary
volcanic rocks cover above three-fourth of the map sheet.
They are represented by thick succession of Lower basalt
(TV1), Middle basalt (TV2), Upper basalts and trachytes
(TV3), the plateau basalts and pyroclasts (TV4). Only minor areas to the southwestern and northwestern part of
the map sheet are underlain by Quaternary lacustrine
(Qls) sediments and alluvium (Qal).
Figure4. Lithostratigraphy of Yifag map sheet.
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The structures observed in the
area are NW-trending faults which
are forming the Tana Rift. Some of
these are normal faults with down
throw to the west forming Tana Graben. Local faults with low angle slip
could be related to the detachment
fault or thrust fault. However, the
majority of structures are interpreted lineaments.
Regional scale stream sediment
samples were collected in the map
area, from 2nd, 3rd orders, and locally from 4th orders. The natural
resources present in the study area
are
construction
materials
(sandstone, basalts, ignimbrites,
trachytic obsidians and trachytes or
scorias),
industrial
minerals
(zeolite), and gemstone (opal). These
findings could be economical if detail studies are undertaken.
Figure5. Geological map of Yifag map sheet.
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West Gonder and Gonder Map sheets
Gonder and West Gonder map sheets lie in Semen
Gonder Zone of the Amhara National Regional State.
The map sheets can be reached through Addis Ababa
Bahir Dar or through Mota - Bahir Dar—Gonder highway.
The major mapping units are Precambrian rocks,
Paleozoic sandstone, Mesozoic sandstone, Tertiary volcanic rocks and sediments, and Quaternary volcanics
and sediments (Figure 6 & 7). The Precambrian rocks
(Pc) are the oldest rocks of the area, overlain by Phanerozoic rocks. Due to access problem, the extreme SW
part of West Gonder map is not reached. The area is
Figure 6. Lithostratigraphy of West-Gonder and Gonder map sheets.
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2003Eth.C/2011
under protection of Alatish National
Park. This part of the area as extrapolated from the geology of the Abu Ramla
area consists mainly of Precambrian
marble, minor high grade gneisses, amphibolites and rare metavolcanics, overlain by Tertiary volcanics. The Phanerozoic rocks include white sandstone, pebbly sandstone, and variegated sandstone (Psst) which the lower part is correlated to the Enticho Sandstone deposit of northern Ethiopia. The exposed
thickness of this Paleozoic rock is 50 m.
The Mesozoic sandstone (Msst) include
well bedded and cross-bedded sandstone interbedded with thin claystone
and is overlain by variegated sandstone.
The exposed thickness is 40 m. Current
bedding of this sandstone is to the NE.
This variation from the Mesozoic of SE
Ethiopia might be local variation of current flow or somewhat different from
Mesozoic of SE part. Due to this we correlated them to upper Mesozoic age. The
Tertiary volcanics are unconformably
overlain on the Mesozoic sediments. The
mapping units of volcanic rocks from
lower to upper include 1. The lower lava
flows (TV1), 2. The middle lava flows
(TV2), 3. The upper lava flows (TV3), and
the most top / plateau volcanics (TV4).
The lower lava flows (TV1) are mainly
basalts with minor pyroclastic flows.
They form the major part of Gonder map
sheet. They are deeply weathered and
eroded to form the western lowland.
They also extend to western part of West
Gonder map up to Sudan border. The
middle lava flows (TV2) are mainly compact, hard and stratified basalts with
rare pyroclasts. They are unconformable
Figure 7. Geological map of West-Gonder (ND36-16) & Gonder (ND37-13) map sheets
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2003Eth.C/2011
and trachytes along with Chilga sediments and
other Quaternary sediments.
The area is potentially rich in construction materials such as basalts, scoria, trachytes and
sands. Important coal deposit is associated
with Chilga sediments. Also important industrial minerals of various types of zeolite are associated with the lower lava flows. Paleozoic/
Mesozoic sedimentary rocks may farther need
detail investigation for their petroleum potential. Marble occurrence in the West Gonder
map along with Mesozoic sandstone is important building materials.
to the TV1 below. To the western part of the
map sheet they have been removed by erosion.
The TV3, the upper basalt flows are unconformable to the underlying TV2 and are also
mainly basalts with rare pyroclasts. They form
the highlands of Gonder and Chilga up to Dikul
Arba. These basalts are down-faulted to the
south of Gonder up to Lake Tana and form major lithology of the Tana and Gonder Graben.
The most top, the plateau basalts, (TV4) are minor, and are also mainly basalts with rare pyroclasts such as tuff. The volcanic units are
pierced by mappable sub-volcanic plugs (Pl).
The plugs are mostly compact, hard trachytes
and are clustered around Tikil Dengay. At one
place intrusive granodiorite (TGd) possibly with
similar age with plug is exposed to the north of
Muse Bamb. TV1 is correlable to Ashangi Formation, TV2 is correlable to Aiba Formation,
TV3 is correlable to the Alajae Formation and
TV4 is correlable to the Tarmaber Formation.
The Chilga sediments, (Pliocene sediments (Ps))
are confined to the western part of Tana Graben. The sediments are reworked tuffs, bedded
tuffs, flintstone/claystone, diatomite, mudrocks
intercalated with coal beds and lignite deposits
at various stratigraphic levels. These patchy
deposits fill older (Pliocene) subsiding basin
and are structurally controlled. Late in the
Quaternary rejuvenated faults resulted in the
formation of Quaternary trachyte (Qtr) and
Quaternary lacustrine sediments (Qls). Much of
the volcanics are affected by faults aligned to
the NE or NW. Some of them show dextral
sense of movement. In the late Miocene to Pliocene time intense faulting centered on Lake
Tana, produced the Tana Graben, with its arm
extending up to Gonder town (Gonder Graben).
This graben affected the former NW plateau volcanics of the country and produced the graben.
This favored the formation of younger basalts
Gulch Map sheet
The geology of the Gulch map sheet (ND37
-5) underlies by Precambrian rocks, Mesozoic
sedimentary rocks, Tertiary volcanic rocks and
Quaternary superficial deposits (Figure 8 & 9).
The Precambrian rocks consist of metavolcanosedimentary rocks with minor post-tectonic
granite and granodiorite, Biotite schist, Posttectonic granite-granodiorite complex with minor tonalite, diorite and amphibolite. The tonalite has occasionally intensely migmatized.
The Mesozoic sedimentary rocks represented by
sandstone with occasional conglomerate lenses,
shale and mudstone, and limestone. The Tertiary volcanic rocks consist of; (1) Plagioclase
phyric basalt (Tv1), (2) Plagioclase phyric basalt
and trachyte (Tv2), and (3) Olivine-plagioclase
phyric basalt (Tv3). The Quaternary deposits
are comprised of alluvial and eluvial sediments.
Geological structures are represented by faults
and master joints, which are mapped as lineaments. There are foliations and folds associated
with metavolcano-sedimentary rocks. The
lineaments are the result of tectonic phenomena in Precambrian, Mesozoic and Cenozoic
geologic time. Metavolcano-sedimentary rocks
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are occasionally enriched with sulphides and quartz veins.
Quartz veins are frequent in this lithologic unit. During
rainy season, local peoples are panning gold along the
stream channels which drain into
Tekeze River.
Figure 8. Lithostratigraphy of the Gulch map sheet (ND 37-5).
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Figure 9. Geological Map of Gulch Map Sheet (ND37-5)
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Gravity mapping
2003Eth.C/2011
of the areas are generally implicates the presence of silicic magma chambers and their extensive volcanic elluvia (welded tuff, lava flows)
and lacustrine sediments which can be characterized by isostatic compensation in most parts
of the survey area. However there are areas
detected by high Bouguer values and high elevations which may indicate that the areas are
under compensated. According to Pratt’s theory, they do not posses comparatively low density column for isostatic balance to exist in
those areas because the power spectrum map
of Bouguer anomaly reveals that responses of
the crust are mainly included in it. The area
surrounded by medium Bouguer values but
with high elevations are due to: a) Slight under
compensation, b) the presence of plateau basalt
that cover the area c) the denser unit in this
area that is displayed by high anomaly probably have regional effect over its surroundings.
During the survey, 1900 stations were
taken at a scale of 1:250, 000 and 32 secondary base stations were established. The
Bouguer anomaly map is obtained by using an
interpolation method called gridding. Gridding
changes discrete bouguer values in to a continuous surface and hence can be used to produce its derivatives. A 4.5km grid cell size and
10mGal color contour interval is used to get
this map. The Bouguer map displays high gravity anomalies (up to -40mgal in the lowland
area mainly constrained to east and south peripheries and lows (up to -230mgal) between
Gonder and Sekota, and eastern Alamata and
Kobo towns. While intermediate Bouguer values (about -160mgal) are observed around east
Gonder and Shashege area. Generally closely
spaced intermediate value pattern in the
Bouguer contour map is an indication of the
rift margin. The map shows that high bouguer
values are obtained over less elevated and lows
over elevated areas. This contrasting association of gravity anomalies with the morphology
Figure 10. Location map of the gravity survey area.
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2003Eth.C/2011
Mineral Exploration and Evaluation Core Process
breyohannes (1989), and Bosellini (2001).
These studies mainly concentrate on the stratigraphic succession of the area (mainly Triassic
to Cretaceous) and evolution. Studies mainly
focusing
on
the
economic
potential
(mineralization) of Harer area include Quinn
(1962), on the asbestos occurrence east of
Harer, Augustithis (1962) and Jelenc (1966) on
pegmetites, and Tibebu & Hailemichael (1993)
on the Kaoline occurrence around Kombolcha,
north of Harer.
The Mineral Exploration and Evaluation Core
Process has carried out three capital projects in
2003 Eth.C budjet year.
A. Industrial Minerals Exploration
The industrial minerals exploration and
evaluation work has been conducted at two different areas. The Harer area was targeted for
limestone, gem and kaoline resource and the
Ansho area was targeted for kaoline resource.
The exploration work has been performed by
two exploration teams.
No previous works have been done on the
geology of Ansho area, southern Ethiopia.
Location and access of the Project areas
Project Objective
The Harer area is located around the town
of Harer, in Hareri and Oromia regional states.
It is bounded by latitudes 9015’00”-9030’00”N
to and longitudes 42000’00”- 42015’00”E. The
limestone of interest is exposed on Hakim Gara
ridge.at the southern outskirts of Harer. The
kaoline deposit and gem bearing pegmatites are
localized in the north and east of Harer respectively.
The main objectives of the projects are:
♦ To assess the gem mineralization potential of the pegmatites around Harer, and
to evaluate the quality and quantity of
the gemstones available in the area.
♦ To evaluate the limestone occurrence
around Harer and to facilitate its use as
raw material for construction, chemical,
fertilizer, metallurgical, ceramics, refractory, glass and other industries.
The Ansho project area is located in the
SPNNRS, Hadya 45 km far from Hosaina. It is
bounded by latitudes 47020’5.7”- 47021’43.6”N
and longitudes 37038’27.8”- 37039’32.8”E.
♦ To evaluate the kaolin occurrences in
both Harer and Ansho areas and to determine their applicability as ceramics raw
material and as filler in industries.
Previous Works
The geology of Harer and surrounding areas
has been studied by many researchers.over the
past 60 years. Some of the researchers include
Gortani and Binachi (1937), Von Zur Muhlen
(1937), Brown (1943), Dainelli (1943), Greitzer
(1970), Shachnai (1972), Tesfamichael (1972),
Girma (1975), Gortani and Binachi (1973), Ge-
♦ To finally make the information available
to users on distribution, characterization
(the quality, quantity) and the possible
suitability/application/ of these resources in various industries.
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Local Geology
2003Eth.C/2011
part of the study area.
The major rock units encountered during the
geological exploration work around Harer are
Precambrian metamorphic and igneous rocks
( gneisses, migmatites, granulites, amphibolite,
metaultramafics syn to post tectonic granites ),
Triassic to Middle Jurassic Adigrat Sandstone,
Middle Jurassic to Late Jurassic Hamanlei Formation formerly called Antalo Limestone, which
at places is overlain by Cretaceous sandstone
(Ambaradom Formation), and Tertiary basalt in
an ascending order (Bosellini, 2001; Tadesse &
Hailemariam, 2006). The Precambrian gneisses
are characterized by medium to high grade
metamorphism. NW oriented pegmatitic veins
have intruded the gneisses, and they are of
special interest for probable gem mineralization
(Tadesse & Hailemariam, 2006). The Mesozoic
sediments are generally horizontally bedded.
However sandstone outcrops belonging to the
Adigrat Formation are tilted in the northern
The geology of Ansho area mostly comprises
of Cenozoic volcanic rocks. These are mostly
trachytes, lacustrine sediments and, minor
rhyolite. The trachytes have undergone intense
weathering (kaolinitization), thereby favoring
the formation of kaolin deposits.
Field work activities and volume of work
performed
•
•
Desk study on previous work
Image interpretation and identification of
potential
target areas for detail exploration
• Field verification of target areas by orientation survey
Actual field exploration work was facilitated by:
♦
Geological mapping
Table 1. Field work activities and volume of work performed
No.
Activities
1
Geological
Mapping,
1:
2,000
to
Unit
Quantity
Km2
30
1: 10000 scales
2
Traverse along profile lines
L Km
3
Topographic Mapping
Km2
2.85
4
Section logging
Trenching
Line meter
Line meter
991.5
926
5
Samples Collected
Number
407
6
Laboratory Work
Number
6.1
Chemical
Number
6.2
Petrography
Number
6.3
Bulk Density
Number
6.4
Sieve Analysis
Number
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♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
`
Dudley Expedition to Ethiopia. Bulletin of the
American Museum of Natutal History, New
York.
Pitting/trenching
Sampling
Section logging
Topographic mapping
Dainelli, G. 1943. Geologia dell’ Africa oriientale. Rend. Acc. Ital., Centro Studi Africa Orient. Ital., Roma.
Laboratory work
Map preparation
writing
2003Eth.C/2011
and
report
Gebreyohannes, H. 1989. Facies, depositional
environments, diagenesis and hydrocarbon potential of the Jurassic Hamanlei Formation
(carbonate-evaporite rocks) in Ogaden Basin,
Southeast Ethiopia. M. Phil. Thesis submitted
to Postgraduate Research Institute for Sedimentology (PRIS), University of Reading
Findings and Interpretation
The limestone deposit exposed on the southern
outskirts of Harar, Hakim Gara is considered
as a potential resource for industrial use. However satisfactory results have not been obtained
from gem and kaolin exploration works in this
area. Therefore these two minerals are not regarded as economically viable except their indications of mineralization are observed around
Harer.
Girma, M. 1975. Regional hydrogeology of the
western half of Harer sheet (NC- 38-9/G, H, J,
K, N, O, P, Q, T, U). E. I. G. S. unpublished report, 22pp.
In Ansho area, two areas are delineated as prospective kaolin occurrence sites, for possible
exploitation as a ceramic raw material. Hence,
a total of three potential target areas have been
identified and investigated in detail.
Gortani, M., Binachi, A. 1937. Obsservazioni
geologiche e petrografiche nella regione di Harar (Africa Orientale Italiana). Bollettino Societa Geologica Italiana 56, 499- 516.
Gortani, M., Binachi, A. 1973. Itinerari geologici della Dacalia meridionale e sugli atipiani Hararini (Ethiopia). In: Missione Geologica
dell’ Agip nella Dancalia Meridionale e sugli
Altipiani Hararini (1936- 1938). Accademia NazionaleLincei, Roma. 204pp.
The final reports and maps of the project work
will be finalized and submitted as soon as the
laboratory results are received and pro.
References
Augustithis, S.S. 1962. Non eutectic, graphic,
micrographic and graphic like myrmekitic
structures and textures. Beitrage zur Mineralogie und Petrographic 8, 491-498
Bosellini A, Russo A, Assefa G 2001. The Mesozoic succession of Dire Dawa, Harar province,
Ethiopia. J Afr Earth Sci, Vol. 32, No. 3, pp.
403 – 417.
Greitzer Y.1970. Stratigraphy, hydrogeology
and Jurassic ammonites of the Harer and Dire
Dawa area. PhD thesis, Hebrew University, Tel
Aviv, Israel, 205p
Jelenc, D. 1966. Report on mineral survey in
Harar province. Ministry of Mines, unpublished report, 59 pp..
Brown, B. 1943. Report on the Anglo- American
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2003Eth.C/2011
a distance of 165km from Addis Ababa driving
some 94km all weather gravel road, branching
at Ginchi to the north.
Quinn, H. A. 1962. Asbestos at Gara Jabbe,
Harar area. Preliminary report, E.I.G. S.
Shachnai, K. 1972. The geology of sheets NC37- 12, NC- 38- 9, Harar province. Progress
report, E. I G. S.
Previous Work
The daily increasing price of oil market coupled
with the progressively increasing demand of
energy caused by widely development of industry and construction due to the economic
growth of the country obliged the Mineral Exploration and Evaluation Core Process
(MEECP) of Geological Survey of Ethiopia to
give attention for exploration of coal and oilshale at regional scale. The Hydrocarbon Exploration and Evaluation Case Team of the core
process also, took the advantage of changing of
ideas and exploration techniques by the movement of BPR to redesign its approach. Hence,
recently, the case team has focused in regional
delineation and classification of Ethiopian Coal
bearing Basins in their age, tectonic and
lithostratigraphic settings. Kachisi-Ginchi Coal
Exploration Project is part of this exploration
system initially designed to conduct a coal exploration and geologic mapping in an area of
1150 km2. The field work was accomplished
within two months between early February and
early April, 2011 by a field group of two geologists: Ato Tilahun Shimels and Ato Kibrie
Tadesse with two drivers Ato Belay Demissie
and Ato Teshome Arragie, covering an area of
3600 sq km.
Ethiopia: implications for crustal evolution in
east Africa. Journal of African Earth Science 26,
207- 227.
Tesfamichael, K. 1972. The geological report of
Fedis area, NC38-9, Gaad and Harmucale
area, NS 37-8 and NC37-12. Unpublished report, E. I. G. S.
Tibebu, M., Hailemichael, F. 1993. Kaolin resources of weathered granites , near Kombelcha, eastern harerghe. E. I. G. S. unpublished
report, E. I. G. S.
Von Zur Mullen 1937. Conditions of the geological known deposits of the Harar concession
territory on the distance between Harar and
Jijiga. Ministry of Mines, unpublished report,
4pp.
B. KACHISI-GINCHI COAL EXPLORATION
PROJECT
Location and access of the project
Kachisi-Ginchi area comprises Gindeberet,
Abuna Gindeberet, Jaldu and Ilfeta Woredas of
Western Shewa Zone, Oromia Regional State. It
is bounded by 9o 00’ 00”-9o 30’ 00”N latitudes
and 37o 54’ 26”- 38o 10’ 00”E longitudes in the
southern part and, by 9o 30’ 00”-9o 45’ 00”N
latitudes and 37o 38’ 00”-38o 10’ 00”E longitudes in the northern part. Ginchi town is located at a distance of 71km along Addis AbabaNekemt main asphalted road while Kachisi is at
In the contribution of the alleviation of the
country’s energy problem, the Hydrocarbon Exploration and Evaluation Case Team gave priority to the Kachisi-Ginchi area mainly for its
proximity of Addis Ababa, good accessibility
and convenient exposure. After receiving the
information of coal and oilshale occurrence in
the area from the Western Shewa Zone Bureau
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2003Eth.C/2011
of Mines, and from Jeldu and Gindeberet Woredas, the case team had made a reconnaissance
trip and confirmed the existence of such sediments in the target area.
- Number of Coal and carbonaceous shale
Samples: 14
- Number of Rock Samples: 45
- Number of samples submitted to the
Laboratory: 29
Objectives:
FINDINGS AND INTERPRETATION
♦ to map the surveyed area
♦ to accomplished a coal exploration in the
The Lower Sediment is found to be devoid of
any coal seam, where as, the Upper Sediment,
limited to the southern part of the project area,
contains thin coal seams (<30cm). The number
of coal seams in a section, are normally lower
in the eastern part (Jeldu area) while in the
west (Ilfeta area), more seams, up to 4 and 5,
have been observed.
area and identify the potential area for
further detail studies and development
together with determination of the stratigraphy and depositional environment of
the coal bearing sediments.
Local geology
Generally, the coal deposit in the mapped area
seems not economical. However some important stratigraphical and structural data important to analyze the evolution of Ethiopian coal
basins have been obtained.
The geology of the area is generally expressed
by thick succession of Tertiary basalt lying on
the Mesozoic sedimentary units, unconformably. According to Giday et al, 1991, the whole
succession of volcanics is part of Kella Basalt
(32-26Ma), characterized by intercalation of
continental clastics. The two cycles of these interlayered sediments, have been mapped and
described for their thickness and coal content
termed as “Lower Sediments” and “Upper Sediments”. The Lower Sediments lie on the Mesozoic marine sediments and is separated from
the Upper Sediments by Lower Basalt. The Upper Basalt, the composite succession of thin
basaltic flows and associated minor thin layers
of clastic lenses, on the other hand, covers the
Upper Sediments. Both sediments are fan deposits represented by thick succession (100150m), of debries flow, conglomeratic sandstone, coarser sandstone, siltstone, mudstone,
organic rich clays (oil shale?), carbonaceous
mudstone and thin coal seams.
1. Correlating the surveyed area’s basaltic succession with the Kella Basalt of Giday et al,
1991, it can be deduced that the age of the
sediments to be Late Oloigocene, which is correlable with other coal basins of Ethiopia
(Chilga Basin, Geba Basin and Dilbi). This may
signifies more the stratigraphic aspect that the
optimum condition prevailed in the country
was during this period, in association with the
extrusion of older volcanics.
2. Following this, it is advisable to give priority
for the areas where Kella Basalt is exposed, in
the designation of future coal exploration
around the central western part of Ethiopia.
3. Structural elements, faults, are important in
the development of the sedimentary basins, but
they don’t have to be regional proper.
ACTIVITIES
- Geological Mapping 3600km2
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2003Eth.C/2011
C. PLACER GOLD EXPLORATION AND
PROSPECTING IN BERSISA KOCHORE
LOCALITY
other two nearest towns. Telephon and security
services can be available at Erba Muda and
Bore towns.
Location and Accessibility
Objective of the present work
The study area lies in Oromia National Regional State, Guji Zone (in the mountainous
terrane of southern Ethiopia) between,
38047’52”-38052’06”E longitude and 6010’95”6015’N latitude (more precisely 684600686330m northing and 482200-482500m easting UTM) geographic coordinates, Meleka subsheet /0638D4/ of Dila sheet (NB 37-6) in the
northern extreme part of the Adola Gold field
in the Anna Sorra Woreda, Kochore Bersisa
Peasant Assocition that is the continuation/
full-filling of the last year programme.
The main objective of the present work is to
complete the area which was left last year due
to heavy rain that make difficult our prospecting at the time and to delineate and evaluate
economic size placer deposits in the flood plain
of river basins through systematic hand pitting
at successive grid system. The ultimate scope
of this work is to make payable ground of
placer gold to the artisanal miners so as to contribute resources to the national welfare of the
country. Based on this objective, the volume of
work accomplished in the physical year of
2010/2011 concerning the fulfilling of the present exploration and prospecting programme of
Bersisa kochore Peasant Association (Anno
stream basin) is listed in the table below.
This area of interest can be reached from Addis
Ababa by a motorway consisting of 325 Km of
asphalted road and 65km of all weather gravel
road via Shashemenne-Awasa and Bore towns
to Erba Muda (the Anna Sorra Wereda town)
leading to Shakiso via Gosa Mission station
about 18km from Bore, then 25 km dry
weather road to the east of Erba Muda takes to
the target area (Bersisa Kochore Peasant Association). The dry weather road of 25kms which
runs from Gosa Mission to Bersisa was very
difficult to drive for four wheel drive during the
rainy season our field programme. The 25 kms
road takes as some times about five hours of
continues drive during the rainy season.
Geology
Geologically, the surrounding escarpments are
covered
by
highly
silicified
and
deformed
graphite bearing rock units randomly outcropping in the form of pinch and swell. In the
southwestern extreme of the area, on the
northern bank of Tela stream, there is minor
outcrop of quartz vein trending northwesterly.
The overburden material is very thick, sometimes up to 5 meters and above, which compo-
The nearest big towns are Erba-Muda and Bore
which are about 33 and 43 kms respectively,
from the field team base camp. All the necessary items, such as food, lubricants etc can be
purchased from Bore and cars maintenance
was accomplished at Adola Redde which is
about 90 kms away due to luck of Garaj at the
sitionally of different (clay, sand silt, organic
material etc.).
The gravel geology is dominantly of sugary
quartz fragment, pebble to big boulders. The
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GSE ANNUAL REPORT
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2003Eth.C/2011
Table 2. Volume of work accomplished
No.
Type of work accomplished
Unit
Work
1
2
Surveying (Line cutting)
Geomorphological mapping
Lkm
No.
accomplished
8.7
1
3
Pan result map
No.
2
3
Hand pits excavated
No.
215
4
Linear depth of pits excavated
Lm
742.26
5
Highest depth of the pits
LM
6.45
6
Lowest depth of the pits
LM
1.00
7
Cross section maps
No.
41
8
H.M.C. samples
No.
9
Total area coverage of
Remarks
937
2
Km
exploration work
gravel layer is divided into younger and older.
rugnized quartzites, quartz-graphite schist ex-
Recent (younger gravel) is found within the
tensively altered, sheared and reworked rock
overburden material in the form of pinch and
units are randomly occur.
swell and loosely consolidated. This part of
4. Findings
gravel layer is with less interest, because of its
very fine and small quantity of gold mineraliza-
Pit sampling and manually panning were the
tion. The older gravel layer, which is the main
main methods of placer gold prospecting in the
target/the most interesting part of our field
present study. A total of 215 pits were sunk in
group, is found deep seated next to the weath-
the present study programme to evaluate the
ered bed rock and mostly of yellowish color due
potential and continuity of the gravel layers in
to the weathering effect from the bed rock and
the study area. Similarly a total of 937 heavy
it is highly compacted. Fluvial facies of the allu-
mineral concentrate samples were collected
vial deposits are represented of and grit. The
and panned. Out of 215 pits the samples from
thickness of the older gravel layer varies from
9 pits were stolen by the local people and re-
0.2m to 2.8m.
worked and 13 pits were collapsed before sampling due to near surface water level. Out of the
As in the part of Adola field/greentone belt, the
remaining 193 pits only one pit was negative
study area is confined within the N-S trending
while the other 192 was all showing gold
low grade rock unit is represented as the most
counts of grain size (fine/very fine, medium,
extension of the Megado belt. The low grade
rocks
were
dominated
by
coarse and very coarse).
amphibolits
(hornblende schist) and chlorite schist. Fer18
GSE ANNUAL REPORT
`
5. Conclusion
The current study area, practically confirmed
the occurrences of gold mineralization in the
Anno stream and the tributaries also. Concrete
conclusion and recommendations about the
mineralization potential of the study area will
be forwarded after compilation of the whole
field data and laboratory results of the heavy
concentrate samples of this work.
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2003Eth.C/2011
GSE ANNUAL REPORT
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2003Eth.C/2011
Groundwater Resource Assessment Core Process
Introduction
tance to a company for their water supply
investigation and drilling supervision.
In 2003 budget year, the Groundwater Resource Assessment Core Process was involved
in various activities which included:
♦
♦
1. Groundwater Resource Assessment of
the Eastern Highlands and associated
lowlands of Ethiopia
Carried out various hydrogeological investigations with in the framework of two capital projects, one of which was done together with the Geo-hazard Investigation
Core Process.
The main objective of the project is to improve
the life condition of pastoral community by exploring, assessing and mapping the groundwater resource of the part of Genale-Dawa and
wabi-shebelle basin with particular emphasis
Provided a consultancy service and assis-
Figure 11. Location map of 2003 budget year projects of Groundwater resource assessment core process
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GSE ANNUAL REPORT
`
2003Eth.C/2011
to Eastern Highland and Associated Lowlands
of Ethiopa.
estimate the depth and the thickness of the
saturated zone in particular.
To fulfill this objective, an integrated hydrogeological mapping was conducted in the year
2003 (2010-2011) budget year in four topographic sheets of Dolo-Odo, Mugalo, Sede and
Wachile at a scale of 1:250000 covering 66,490
km2 and with in the same capital project, detail
groundwater resource assessment was carried
out around Negelle town covering 3000 km2.
The project areas are located with in Oromya
and Somali Regional states.
The general geology of the project area is
mainly composed of Precambrian rocks, Mesozoic sediments, Cenozoic sedimentary rocks,
Cenozoic volcanic rocks and recent deposits.
Geological distribution in the project are can be
summarized as follow the basement complex
covers the south – south western part of Wachile sheet and western margin of Magalo map
sheet and Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments
covers central north, north-eastern, south and
south – eastern parts of the overall project area
and the recent Quaternary formation covers the
vast flood plains in Dolo and Sede sheets.
Activities were being carried out during three
phases (pre-field, field and post-field) of the
project life which includes but not limited to:
• Preparation of semi-processed hydrogeologi-
The salinity of groundwater is less than 200
mg/l for cold springs and shallow groundwater
and exceeds 2500 mg/l for deep aquifer which
could be related to the geological formation and
the residence time of groundwater in the aquifer.
cal map
• Inventory of water points
• Sampling of representative water for hydrochemical analysis to identify groundwater
for its suitability for various purposes
• Observation of the geology, structure, geo-
As per the physical plan of 2003 budget year of
the project, Groundwater Resource Assessment
Core Process carried out the investigation on
the basis of topographic map sheet coverage
and as a result, the study area can be described in brief as follow.
morphology and hydrograph of the area and
Prepare and compile final map and report.
Accordingly, a semi-processed map was prepared for each map sheet before the commencement of the field and during the field
work, A total of 120 water samples were collected for chemical analysis, out of which 12
are from surface water, 55 from dug-wells, 24
are from cold springs and 17 from Bore holes.
Hydrogeological mapping of Dolo-Odo map
sheet (NB 38-13)
The Dolo-Odo map sheet is bounded between
40 – 50’N latitude and 420 – 430 30’ E longitude
and located with in Somalia Regional state. A
total area of about 12,490 sq. km was hydrogeologically mapped at the scale of 1:250,000.
The climate in the area can be characterized as
Apart from hydrogeological mapping, hydrogeophysical investigations were carried out on
100 stations on Ginner map sheet and 80 stations on Negele map sheet to identify potential
zones of groundwater resource in general and
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GSE ANNUAL REPORT
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2003Eth.C/2011
Hydrogeological mapping of Wachile map
sheet (NB37-17)
arid with water deficit caused by high
evapotranspiration rate than precipitation,
therefore, groundwater manifestation in the
area is very scarce as compared to the highland
areas and as a result, a total of only 12 water
samples were collected for chemical analysis.
Among these 1 sample is taken from borehole,
while 8 samples from dug well and 3 samples
from stream. The two main rivers Genale and
Dawa join at Dolo-Odo forming Juba River in
Somalia and these rivers are acting as a main
source of recharge of the groundwater in addition to very low precipitation occurring in the
area. The depth to groundwater near Dolo-Odo
is shallow as observed from a borehole which is
15 meter with a yield of 2.5l/sec. The salinity
in this map sheet is generally exceeds 2500
mg/l.
Wachile map sheet bounded between 40 - 50 N
latitude and 390- 400 30 E longitude and located partly with in Oromia regional state and
partly in Somali regional state. The total area of
18,000 sq. km is hydrogeologically mapped at
the scale of 1:250,000. The climate can be
characterized as semi-arid type. Total of 38 water schemes were inventoried from the entire
map sheet and 33 representative samples were
collected for chemical analysis, among these
samples, 1 sample from spring, 7 from boreholes, 23 from dug wells and 3 from streams.
Salinity in the area is ranging between 5001500 mg/l. During the investigation, 8 potential sites were selected for geophysical investigation.
Hydrogeological mapping of Sede map sheet
(NB 37-16)
Hydrogeological mapping of Mugalo map
sheet (NB 37-8)
The Sede map sheet is bounded between 40 –
50’N latitude and 400 30’ – 420 00’ E longitude
and located with in Somali regional state. A Total area of 18,000 sq. km is hydrogeologically
mapped at the scale of 1:250,000. The climate
is characterized as arid as the neighboring Dolo
-Odo map sheet. A total of 24 water samples
were collected for chemical analysis from 1
borehole, 19 dug wells and 4 surface water.
The main source of recharge is Dawa river and
its tributaries, direct recharge from rainfall is
also other source of recharge. Depth to groundwater is deeper than 150m at the north and
central part of the map sheet and it gets shallower to the west and south-west of the map
sheet. The salinity increases with depth, which
is greater than 1500 mg/l and ranges between
500 -1000 mg /l for water holes and dug well
along the stream.
The study area is located with in two regional
states of Oromia and Somali. Geographically
bounded between 060 – 070 N latitude and 400
30’E Longitude. The hydrogeological mapping
covers an area of 18,000 sq. km. that encompass parts of central highlands of Ethiopia and
adjacent lowlands. Semi-arid and tropical climatic condition dominates the region where as
the relatively higher areas at the north western
part is characterized by sub-tropical climate.
The northwestern and western highlands receive most of the rainfall with in the study area
and can be regarded as zone of recharge in the
regional aquifer system. A total of 94 water
points were inventoried based on the standard
format and 49 representative water samples
were collected from various water points for
further chemical analysis. The salinity in gen22
GSE ANNUAL REPORT
`
2003Eth.C/2011
– 390 00’ E longitude is located with in Oromia
regional state, SNNP regional state and Addis
Ababa administration. The total area of 18,000
sq. km. is hydrogeologically mapped.
eral ranges from 450-1200 mg/l and some
anomaly in excess of 3000 mg/l was encountered which could be caused by dissolution of
gypsum and anhydrite dominated rock formation.
In general the major lithological units are Precambrian basement (gneiss and pegmatite)
Mesozoic sediment (lower sandstone and limestone), Tertiary volcanic which comprises of the
trap serious pre-rift basalts of central Ethiopian plateau, welded and un-welded pyroclastic and ignimbrites, Quaternary rift scoria and
basalts, lacustrine sediments and Quaternary
alluvial and elluvial soils.
Detail Groundwater Resource Assessment
with in Negelle map sheet
Detail groundwater resource assessment was
carried out with in Negele map sheet (Negele,
Mi-Isa, Siminto and Hogobo sub sheets) in order to select prospecting site for test well drilling with in the total area of 3000 sq. km by
1:50000 scale. The site is bounded between 50
00’-50 30’N and 39030’ - 40030’ E and is located
with in in Oromia regional state of Guji zone.
Activities carried out and findings encountered
includes:
The map sheet is found with in four river basin
of Abay, Awash, Omo and Lake river basins.
Entoto ridges, mount Gurage highlands, south
and north rift escarpments are the main recharge areas. During the field work, a total of
200 water points were inventoried and 134
samples were collected for chemical analysis.
•
Detail hydrogeological investigations were
conducted at several observation points that
were used to understand the geological, structural, hydrogeological and geomorphologic,
condition of the area.
In the field observations were made regarding
lithological and geological structure (fractures,
joints and faults) which are relevant for ground
water occurrence and movement. Characterization of lithological units according to their water bearing nature is recorded.
•
Geophysical sites were selected based on
two approaches (first regional observation and
detail selection of areas.
•
51 water samples were inventoried out of
which 33 samples were sampled and submitted
for laboratory analysis.
The productivity of the formation ranges between 0.1 l/s to 5 l/s .The salinity increases
with depth of some aquifers.
Potential well fields are located with in this
map sheet (Akaki well field) a borehole yielding
up to 50 l/s is recorded. High productive aquifer formation in volcanic fracture rocks and low
productive or aquitards in the Precambrian
basement rocks were encountered in Akaki
map sheet. The salinity value ranges from fresh
potable 100 mg/l to saline in some places up to
2500mg/l.
2. Hydrogeological and engineering
geological mapping project of
Akaki- Beseka map sheet
(NC 37-14)
Akaki Beseka map sheet geographically
bounded between 80 – 90 N latitude and 370 30’
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GSE ANNUAL REPORT
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2003Eth.C/2011
Geothermal Resource Exploration and Assessment Core Process
Introduction
Alalobeda geothermal prospects. The structural
study covers an area of 1500 sq km, encompassing all the three prospect areas within the
Tendaho Graben.
The Geothermal Exploration and Resource Assessment activities carried out in 2003 Eth.C
includes: (i) Carrying out the various activities
within the framework of Strategic Geothermal
Resource Exploration in the Ethiopian Rift Valley capital Project, (ii) Carrying out joint Project activities ( with other institutions), and (iii)
Other miscellaneous activities.
During the budget year, previous structural
data in the area has been digitized and converted in to a GIS based data system. Re interpretation of existing data were conducted using
satellite imageries. Short term surveys on selected ground control points have been made.
All the data was then interpreted in light of the
distribution and nature of surface hydrothermal features ( information collected by measurement engineers) to understand the spatial
relationships with the geological structures.
Capital project activities
accomplished in 2003 Eth. C.
The Capital Project activities carried out under
the Strategic Geothermal Resource Exploration
in the Ethiopian Rift Valley Project during the
year are:
♦
Structural studies of the Tendaho geothermal fields;
♦
Soil geochemical survey
(Tendaho geothermal fields);
♦
Geochemical sampling at Tendaho for
chemical and isotopic analysis;
♦
Magneto Telluric survey at Tendaho geothermal fields, and
♦
Geothermal wells monitoring at Dubti
(Tendaho geothermal fields).
at
High density of faulting and fracturing is observed in outcrops of the thick succession of
Plio-Pleistocene age Stratoid Series basalts
which underlie the late Pleistocene sedimentary
and intercalated lava succession which occupies the graben. It is thus thought that secondary permeability should be sufficiently high to
house a viable geothermal reservoir in the Stratoid Series rocks at depth.
Dubti
(b) Soil geochemical survey at Dubti geothermal field (Tendaho)
(a)Structural studies of the Tendaho
geothermal fields
The main soil geochemical survey related activities carried out at the Dubti geothermal field
may be summarized as follows:
Tendaho geothermal fields are located in Dubti
Wereda (district), in the central part of Afar Regional state, in Northeast Ethiopia (Figure 1). It
has multiple geothermal prospect areas which
mainly include: (i) Dubti, (ii) Ayrobera and (iii)
♦ The field geochemical soil survey was accomplished within the framework of GSEBGR Geotherm collaboration;
♦ Thirty one profiles were girded with a spacing of 100m to 1 km around the Dubti Geo24
GSE ANNUAL REPORT
`
Figure 12. Location Project Area
25
2003Eth.C/2011
GSE ANNUAL REPORT
`
thermal Area;
♦
About 300 temperature; radon; and gas
flux (CO2, CH4, H2S) measurements were
done in the course of the work;
♦
The preliminary results indicated that the
soil gas flux was low; the temperature
distribution both laterally and vertically
(till 100cm depth) showed limited anomalies. However, the radon measurements
appear to show hidden structure anomalies.
“Development of the Tendaho Geothermal field,
Phase 2” between GSE and BGR. A total of 85
Magneto telluric (MT) soundings were acquired
from Tendaho high temperature geothermal
field and the surrounding area in 2003 budget
year, using two 5-channel MT data acquisition
systems (MTU-5A) from Phoenix Geophysics
Ltd.
The 85 MT soundings were conducted at Tendaho geothermal field along seven profiles. The
seven profiles cover: Dubti plantation, Kurub,
Ayerobera and Gebelaytu areas and are almost
perpendicular to the strike of Tendaho graben.
The station spacing on all the profiles is about
1 Km.
(c) Geochemical sampling for chemical
and isotopic analysis
The highlights of the activities carried out may
be summarized as follows:
♦
Twenty five water samples were collected
from hot and cold springs, water wells and
rivers in Dubti and the surrounding areas
for further chemical and isotopic determinations;
♦
On site measurements were made of temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved
solids, etc;
♦
A preliminary report on the case has been
prepared which is believed to supply supplementary inputs that could help for better understanding of the system so that
appropriate drilling sites will be selected
and potential development schemes will be
implemented.
(d)
Magnetotelluric (MT) survey
Tendaho geothermal fields
2003Eth.C/2011
The preliminary results from one and two dimensional modelling and inversion of the MT
data revealed the main resistivity structures to
a depth of ten kilometres. Moreover, the results
also showed possible fracture zones and structures controlling the flow of geothermal fluid at
Tendaho geothermal field.
(e). Geothermal wells monitoring at
Dubti (Tendaho geothermal fields)
During the 2003 Eth.C, monitoring of the conditions of well TD-5, TD-4, TD-1 and TD-2 and
surface temperature measurements and plotting of the distribution of hydrothermal manifestations, as an input to the structural study
of the area have been made. In addition, proper
maintenance of the wellheads has also been
carried out.
at
The wellhead pressure monitored in the deep
wells (TD1 and TD2) at static condition has
been fairly stable. Some fluctuations have been
observed in the shallow wells. Preliminary in-
The MT survey was carried out within the
framework of Technical Cooperation Project:
26
GSE ANNUAL REPORT
terpretations of
been conducted
aly is wider and
Southeast edges
`
the temperature survey have
and indicate that the anomstronger in the Northwest and
of the Dubti Geothermal area.
2003Eth.C/2011
Aluto Langano Geothermal
Project (PHASE II)
Expansion
The Project is being implemented jointly by
GSE, EEPCo, the World Bank and Japanese
government. During the fiscal year, preparatory
works for the drilling of four appraisal deep
wells have been carried out with the supervision of the core process, including: (i) drill site
preparations, mobilization of drill rig and its
accessories from Semera to Aluto and rig inspections.
Carrying out Joint Project
activities
Origin, Genesis and Distribution of Fluoride
in the Ethiopian Rift and Development of
Defluoridation Technologies: As part of the
Sustainable Management of Water Resources
in the Rift Valley (MAWARI) Project
Other activities
This Project is a research Project, implemented
jointly by the Geological Survey, Addis Ababa
and Jimma Universities. It has been financially
supported by the French Ministry of Foreign
Affairs; and participating local institutions.
During the fiscal year:
The following miscellaneous activities have
been carried out: (i) Proposal for Tendaho geothermal resources evaluation including deep
drilling has been prepared and submitted to
French Development Agency for financing. The
Agency has accepted the proposal and is currently under process to realize the financing, (ii)
Project proposals in six selected geothermal
prospect areas, to progress the prospects to development has been prepared and submitted to
the Environmental Protection Authority, to seek
for Climate Investment Funds, and (iii) Previous
data collected in geothermal in the country has
been established in a data base system.
•
A consultative scientific and steering committee meeting was held in November 2010 in
Djibouti. The meeting has applauded the Project as successful both technically and in networking among the professionals in the East
African Countries and France. Indeed, it was
decided to try to look for opportunities to work
together in a sustainable manner by making
use of the already established networking.
Temporarily though, due to financial and time
constraints, it was decided to officially conclude
the Project at that meeting.
•
A final technical external evaluation was
conducted in June 2011. The technical evaluation was made by external evaluators delegated
by the donor (French Ministry of Foreign Affairs) and concluded that it is successful.
It is expected that various groups will try to
publish the results in reputable journals.
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GSE ANNUAL REPORT
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2003Eth.C/2011
Geo-hazards Investigation Core Process
Introduction
formats have been prepared and Xeroxed along
with brief inception report to assist identifying
In 2003 Eth.C the Geo-hazards Investigation
Core
Process
undertook
major geologic features from previous work to
government-
assist the mainly beginning level experience of
financed projects and consultancy services to
the field team members. In places with no ex-
governmental and non-governmental agencies.
posure of deep soil profile test pits have been
sunk to investigate the depth wise information
The Central Ethiopian Geo-hazard
of the major soil stratum.
mapping and environmental
In the field rock mass strength and degree of
protection study project
weathering of the rock mass outcrops were
The project for mapping Geo-hazards condition
measured and representative rock samples
and environmental studies in the central Ethio-
were taken for further physical property tests
pian highlands has been conducted since 2001
in the laboratory such as porosity, water ab-
Eth.C. (2009 G.C). The project activity in 2003
sorption and bulk density. In addition, point
Eth.C has been the continuation of the previ-
load index strength values were obtained for
ously started program to map out the highly
the samples to determine intact rock strength.
hazard and degradation vulnerable part of the
To generate the basic information on the
country in the central highlands. Hence in
ground characteristics natural and artificial ex-
2003 the Nazareth and Akaki Map sheet were
cavations of Soil profiles were also made. In
the designated areas of the work. In addition to
situ tests for assessing the depth and type of
this, in line with the specification of the project
soil cover were made on the excavations. Soil
to
mapping
samples were also obtained for laboratory
(1:50,000 scale) and environmental studies
analysis such as liquid limit, solid limit, plas-
near major infrastructures, detail Engineering
ticity to constrain the classification of the soil
geological mapping of Debrezeyit city and Naz-
from geotechnical point of view.
carry
out
detail
Geo-hazard
areth city have been conducted.
Before the commencement of the field work,
These have been integrated to generate maps
existing geological maps, DEM data and satel-
providing information on the suitability of the
lite images were used to prepare base maps
ground for various infrastructures planning
along with information on cultural features for
and development. Hence engineering geological
field investigation. These were then used in
rock unit’s distribution of low, medium, and
planning the field activity to appraise the area
high rock mass strength have been identified
from field engineering geological properties
along with pertinent physical properties. Also,
measurements of representative rock and soil
extensive residual, colluvial, lacustrine and al-
exposures. Also to facilitate rapid inventory of
luvial soil unit distributions and their typical
geologic features in the field thematic inventory
characteristics have been identified in the area.
28
GSE ANNUAL REPORT
`
2003Eth.C/2011
Existing geo-hazard events have also been in-
sheet covered by different individuals over pe-
ventoried based on the prepared formats. Some
riod of two years and secondly to map the sur-
of the important Geohazards events in the area
roundings of the Addis Ababa city and sur-
have been extremely deep erosion and land
roundings at higher scale as per the specifica-
degradation in the area around the eastern half
tion of the project to carry out detail (1:50, 000
of the rift valley up to the eastern boundary.
scale) Geo-hazard mapping near major infra-
Occasional massive rock falls are also found
structures.
along the volcanic ridge slopes. A recent event
of ground crack around the central part of the
During the field work additional engineering
rift valley is also encountered reaching depths
and hydrogeological information and relations
of 10’s of meter in magnitude. On the other
of ground conditions (rock mass and soil stra-
hand the environmental pollution in the major
tum) have been collected. Since the central part
cities such as Nazreth showed extensive and
of Addis Ababa city has been mapped at large
serious threat as encountered in the course of
scale of 1:25,000; grid sampling and observa-
the project.
tion points with closer spacing in the outskirt
of the city and wider spacing inside the city has
Selection of potential Dam sites has been
been used to conduct the field work. Documen-
integrated in the field work to further appraise
tation of observation points and sampling was
their geological feasibility with further planning
conducted for both rock exposures and deeper
in the future if interest arises. Inventory of ex-
soil strata. The map is merged with the preex-
isting quarry sites and new potential ones near
isting engineering geological map of the city to
major infrastructure developments have been
complement the coverage.
made.
The Tarmaber area and the surroundFinally Engineering geological map and
ing
Hydrogeological map of the area has been pre-
Integrated Landslides investigations project
pared to help assessment of the Geo-hazard
condition of Nazreth and Akaki map sheets.
The Tarmaber landslide project has been
planned to be implemented in two years from
2002 Eth.C (2010 G.C) to 2003 (2010G.C). The
Addis Ababa Map sheet Engineering
purpose of the project is to identify exiting
Landslide hazard condition of the Tarmbaber-
geological mapping
Debresina area and understand processes inThe Addis Ababa Map sheet Geo-hazard map-
volved in the slope instability of the area. The
ping has been conducted as part of the Central
area is located 200 km north east of Addis
Ethiopian Geo-hazard Mapping and Environ-
Ababa on the main asphalt road to Desse. The
mental Protection Study project. The project
project in the previous year has been mainly
has been implemented since 2001 Eth.C. The
devoted to preliminary mapping of geological
main objective in 2003 Eth.C activities have
conditions (lithological, geologic structures, en-
been compiling the several parts of the map
29
GSE ANNUAL REPORT
`
2003Eth.C/2011
gineering geological, hydrogeological) mapping.
tion project is run by joint operation between
In the second part of the project in 2003 Eth.C
Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)
(2011 G.C) selected landslide hazard sites have
and Geological Survey of Ethiopia. A company
been investigated as closely as possible.
called Kokusai Kogyo Co. Ltd has been hired by
JICA to implement the Project from the Japa-
The occurrences of the slope instability
nese side while the Geo-hazard Core Process is
pose great danger to both this major corridor
responsible for the work from GSE side. The
and extensive agricultural fields in the district.
project commenced with the Memorandum of
Identified separate landslides were closely in-
understanding between GSE, JICA, and Ethio-
spected with respect to groundwater condition,
pian Road Authority (ERA). The location of the
rock coherence, topography, land use practice,
project has been along the Addis Ababa-Bahir
and engineering geological properties of the
Dar main trunk Asphalt road in the between
various units inside the landslide body. Addi-
Gohatsion and Dejen Towns in the Abay Gorge
tionally geometric configuration of the landslide
section. The highway is part of the east African
bodies have been attempted to be inferred fol-
trans-Nations highway network. The project
lowing the guidelines of technical experience
was commenced in 2003 Eth.C (2010 G.C) and
gained from the Abay Gorge landslide project
still ongoing.
underway with Japanese experts. Representative samples of the various lithologic and rocks
The main activities during the past fiscal
and soil samples inside the landslide bodies
year (2003 Eth.C) has been carrying out drilling
have been conducted to retrieve physical pa-
activity of 29 boreholes on selected sites in the
rameters for stability analysis. Most of the
landslide body. These have been carried out in
landslides are found to be complex type involv-
two sessions. The first batch was conducted in
ing multiple types of landslides and of deep
the rainy season of June and July 2002 Eth.C.
seated landslide that require long term counter
While the second batch of drilling was done in
measure mechanisms to cope with. There have
the beginning of the rainy season of May and
been rotational, debris flow, rock flow, and
June of 2003 Eth.C. The boreholes were in-
mud flow types encountered in the field. Most
tended for installation of monitoring devices of
of the landslides are seasonally controlled, oc-
the landslide and retrieve subsurface lithologic
curring after rainy period and on rapid rate.
conditions.
Nevertheless, the field work was complimented
with on site appraisal of possible local remedial
The project activity in 2003 Eth.C inte-
measure to reduce progress of the landslide us-
grated several disciplines. Geomorphologic de-
ing local technology or methods.
lineation and field verification of the landslide
in the area was thoroughly done. Confirmation
The project for developing counter
of lithologic distribution in the area was also
measures against landslides in the
conducted. Rainfall and groundwater monitoring was also continuously acquired from the
Abay River gorge.
installed monitoring devices in the area. In ad-
The Abay landslide counter measure identifica-
dition, monitoring of the landslide activity was
30
GSE ANNUAL REPORT
`
carried with the aid of Inclinometers, Borehole
and Surface Extensometers, and Automatic
Groundwater level gauges. Seismic profiling
was conducted along selected profiles to ascertain
subsurface
discontinuity
related
to
lithologic homogeneity and water saturation.
Two workshops involving external stakeholders
was conducted to communicate the progress of
the work in the course of the project in 2003
Eth.C. GIS and Remote sensing, and Landslide
field data analysis in-house training sessions
were also given to counter members of the project as part of the knowledge transfer scheme.
31
2003Eth.C/2011
GSE ANNUAL REPORT
`
2003Eth.C/2011
Drilling Service Center
2. DRILLING FOR EXPLORATION
1. INTRODUCTION
OF CEMENT RAW MATERIALS
The Drilling Service Center is one of the
Centers of the Geological Survey of Ethiopia
established to render drilling and related services. The Center provides drilling services for
mineral exploration, water well drilling, geothermal resources exploration & development,
and geotechnical investigations.
2.1 Derba Midroc ement Plc
A contract agreement was signed between
the Geological Survey of Ethiopia (GSE) and
Derba Midroc Cement Plc on 28/08/2002
Eth.C to conduct core drilling for cement raw
material resource (lime stone & gypsum) exploration at Derba, Oromia National Regional
State. About half of the drilling work was completed in the 2002Eth.C budget year.
During the 2003 Eth.C (2010/2011) budget
year, the Center has provided drilling services
for three Core Processes of GSE; Mineral Exploration and Evaluation Core Process, Geohazard Investigations Core Process and Geothermal Resources Study Core Process. In addition to this, the Center has conducted diamond core drilling works for three companies
in Tigray and Oromia National Regional States.
The drilling project was concluded by drilling 6 boreholes of 30-100m depth to a total
depth of 402.3m during the first quarter of
2003Eth.C budget year.
3. DRILLING FOR GOLD
The purposes of the drilling services render
to internal and external customers included;
exploration for cement raw materials, gold,
coal, geotechnical investigations and geothermal well site consolidation grouting. A total of
7 drilling projects were implemented during the
budget year. Out of these drilling projects, two
of them were started in 2002 Eth.C budget
year. Two contract agreements worth of birr
7,268,070 were signed between GSE and two
companies.
EXPLORATION
3.1 Ezana Mining Development Plc
A contract agreement was signed between
Ezana Mining Development Plc and GSE on
03/05/2002 Eth.C for the conducting of core
drilling in Meli Gold and Massive Sulphide project, in Tigray National Regional State. The volume of the work specified in the initial contract
was 2060m. Before completion of the drilling
work, amendment of the contract was made on
03/13/2002Eth.C for additional 600m depth
Twenty three boreholes were drilled during the
time period of 01/11/2002 to 14/03/2003
Eth.C. to a total depth of 1395.2m.
This report presents the drilling services
rendered by the Drilling Service Center in 2003
Eth.C budget year.
The actual volume of the drilling work performed in the 2002 and 2003 Eth.C budget
years is 47 bore holes to a total depth of
32
GSE ANNUAL REPORT
`
2661.2m. The services provided for the core
drilling and site preparation were worth of birr
4,127,576
2003Eth.C/2011
of drilling has confirmed that the standard set
in the BPR study is achievable. The performance of this project is a good model for future
drilling projects.
4. Ezana Mining Development
PLC
GSE signed a contract agreement to conduct diamond core drilling work for Nyota Minerals (Ethiopia) Limited on 08/03/2003 Eth.C.
Core drilling for gold exploration was conducted
at and around Yubdo and Billa-Gulliso exploration license areas of the company, located near
Gimbi in Western Ethiopia, Oromia National
Regional State.
GSE signed another contract agreement
with the company on 06/08/2003 Eth.C to
provide 1500m diamond core drilling service at
May Hibey, Tigray National Regional State, for
gold exploration.
Drilling commenced on 10/09/2003 Eth.C.
Four boreholes have been drilled to a total
depth of 597.6m up to the end of the
2003Eth.C budget year. The drilling activity is
still going on.
5.
Nyota
Minerals
6. DRILLING FOR COAL
EXPLORATION
Studies conducted by the Mineral Exploration and Evaluation Core Process in the Amhara Regional state (North Gojam and South
Gonder) resulted in identification of coal and oil
shale bearing formations. Detailed subsurface
studies including drilling were proposed in order to test the quality of the deposit and to
quantify the resource at a higher level of confidence.
(Ethiopia)
Limited
GSE signed a contract agreement to conduct diamond core drilling work for Nyota Minerals (Ethiopia) Limited on 08/03/2003 Eth.C.
Core drilling for gold exploration was conducted
at and around Yubdo and Billa-Gulliso exploration license areas of the company, located near
Gimbi in Western Ethiopia, Oromia National
Regional State.
Drilling was conducted from 23/07/2003
to 30/10/2003 Eth.C in Kunzila Basin, Amhara Regional State. Five bore holes were
drilled vertically to a total depth of 689.5m.
Drilling
work
was
commenced
on
19/03/2003Eth.C.
and
completed
on
07/10/2003Eth.C. As per the request of the
Company, the drilling work was conducted
in three shifts (24 hours a day), 6 days a
week. Fourteen boreholes were drilled in the
two localities in the depth range of 100 to
220m, to a total depth of 2448.65m. All bore
holes were drilled inclined at an angle of 5060°, as specified in the contract. The daily rate
7. DRILLING FOR GEOTECHNICAL
STUDIES
7.1 Abay Landslide Study project
Based on the tri-party agreement between
GSE, JICA and ERA, drilling for geotechnical
investigations in the Abay River Gorge was con33
GSE ANNUAL REPORT
`
ducted in two phases during the 2003 Eth.C
budget year.
2003Eth.C/2011
9. OTHER ACTIVITIES
Requests for quotations were received from
12 companies/organizations. They were provided with quotations and relevant information.
Some of the companies were; Getachew Mineral
Consultancy Services- GMCS (gold exploration),
Metahara Sugar Factory (Geo-technique investigation), Rayan Investments P.L.C (cement raw
material), Stratex International Plc (epithermal
gold at Tendaho), National Cement S.C Dire
Dawa (cement raw material), Nova Potash Plc.
(potash), Abyssinia Cement Plc (coal) etc.
The first and second phases of the drilling
works were done during the first and the fourth
quarters of the budget year. Twenty six bore
holes were drilled to a total depth of 815.4m.
In addition to the core drilling, survey instrument installations and different tests were conducted/ facilitated.
8. DRILLING FOR GEOTEHERMAL
WELL SITE CONSOLIDATION
Mobilization of deep geothermal wells drilling rig and accessories from Semera to Aluto
Langano geothermal field has been carried out
with active participation of the Drilling Service
Center.
Preparations are underway to drill four directional deep geothermal wells in the Aluto
Langano geothermal field. The stakeholders of
the project are GSE, EEPCo, The Japanese
Government and the World Bank.
Fourteen new drillers were hired and inhouse training has started at the end of 2003
Eth.C budget year.
Consolidation grouting is done to consolidate well sites where formations are weak and
doubtful to carry loads of drilling machinery
and equipment. Grouting holes are drilled over
SUMMARY
a diameter of about 20m and to depths ranging
from about 15m at the perimeter of the ground
The Drilling Service Center has provided
drilling and geotechnical services for three Core
Process of GSE and three companies in the
2003 Eth.C budget year. Eighty seven boreholes
were
drilled
to
a
total depth
of6473m.About 70% of the core drilling
work was done for gold exploration. More than
10.5 million birr has been collected during the
budget year for the core drilling services provided.
Summary of the drilling works conducted during the 2003 Eth.C budget year is
presented in Table 1.
area to about 30m beneath the cellar. Cement
will be injected through the grout holes to form
a cone shaped consolidated area.
If there is
blowout during drilling, the flow will be diverted
away from the well surrounding.
In order to stabilize the well site and
minimize chance of injury by blowouts, drilling for grouting was done at well LA-9 site, in
the Aluto Langano geothermal field.
Nine
grouting holes were drilled to a total depth of
124.5m for cement injection.
34
Nyota Minerals
3
35
8
7
GSE Geo-hazard Investi-
6
Northern Holding
com, OSS Engineering,
Habesha Cement, As-
Coal Exploration project
GSE, MEECP, Kunzila
slide Study project
gations CP, Abbay Land-
Derba Midroc
pansion Project
Aluto Geothermal Ex-
5
4
Ezana Mining Plc
2
(Ethiopia) Limited
Ezana Mining Plc
Company name
1
Item
Total
Exploration for Coal at Kunzila
Geo-technical studies at Abay gorge
Derba
Exploration for cement raw material, at
grouting at Aluto geothermal field
Geothermal Well site consolidation
Gulliso
Exploration for Gold at Yobdo & Billa-
Exploration for Gold at May Hibey
Exploration for Gold at Meli Asgede
Purpose of Exploration well drilling
87
5
26
6
9
14
4
23
No. of
holes
drilled
6473
689.5
815.4
402.3
124.5
2448.7
597.6
1395
Total
depth
drilled (m)
Table 3. Summary of drilling works accomplished during the 2003 E.C budget year
10,596,364
1,119,722.07
-
-
1,019,821.73
-
4,030,715.10
1,942,413.00
2,483,692.76
Total Income
from ervice
charge (Birr)
`
year
budget
or earlier
in 002E.C
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
On going
Completed
Project
status
GSE ANNUAL REPORT
2003Eth.C/2011
GSE ANNUAL REPORT
`
2003Eth.C/2011
Geoscience Laboratory Center
1. Analysis of samples at the
Geoscience Laboratory Center
In 2003 budget year, the Geosciences laboratory Center (GLC) had planned to perform 30,785
analysis / determination. At the end of the budget
year the lab performed 36,461 different analysis/
determinations.
received analysis requests on a number of
rocks, core, stream sediments, water, coal,
samples received from GSE and external customers. The numbers of requests are indicated in Figure 14.
Figure 15. No of Customers per category
The chemical, mineralogical and physical
laboratories performed in total of different
36,461 analysis/determination. The analysis/determination are shown in Table 3.
Figure 13. plan versus performed
Table 4. No of Analysis or Determination
No.
Lab Sections
1
Gold & Base Metals
2
3
Silicate
Hydrocarbon
7219
848
4
Water
797
5
Sample preparation
*8412
5
Mineralogy & Petrography
Physical
10126
Total
36,461
7
Figure 14. No. Analysis /determination
The Geosciences Laboratory Center (GLC) has
36
No of Analysis or
Determination
8072
* Note: - Only sample preparation
987
GSE ANNUAL REPORT
`
1.1 Activities performed
2003Eth.C/2011
tomeres are indicated in Figure 15 and Figure 16.
1.1.1 Geochemical Laboratory :- The samples analyzed for base metals were (Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ag ),
gold, major oxides (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO,
Na2O, K2O, MnO, TiO2, P2O5, H2O, and LOI) and
sample preparation.
1.1.2 Water and Geothermal Laboratory:The samples were analyzed for carbonate, bicarbonate, chloride, sulfate, fluoride, nitrate, sodium,
potassium, calcium, magnesium, silica, boron, pH,
electrical conductivity, nitrite and phosphate. In addition some samples were also analyzed for iron, chromium, cadmium, nickel, strontium, barium, lead, sil-
Figure 16. No of Analysis or Determination for GSE
ver, aluminum, cobalt, copper lithium, zinc, total dissolved solids and suspended solids.
1.1.3 Hydrocarbon Laboratory:The samples were analyzed for Chemical analysis,
Specific gravity,
Proximate analyses, Ultimate
analysis, Graphic carbon analysis, Calorific value
and Dry density.
1.1.4 Mineralogy and Petrography Laboratory: Activities performed were 1. Thin section, polished
section and heavy mineral concentrate sample preparation. 2. General mineralogical, Mono mineral, Petro-
Figure 17. Elements analyzed for external customers.
graphic and XRD analysis.
1.1.5 Physical Laboratory:-
1.2 Total income generate from Service charge
Activities performed were; Determination of Liquid
It is indicated in the strategic plan of GSE (2003-2007), the
limit, Plastic limit. Free swell, Moisture content, Spe-
center has to render its’ service to customers based on the
cific gravity, sieve analysis, bulk density, Linear and
frame work of cost recovery. To implement the service fully,
dry shrinkage, Linear fired shrinkage, water absorp-
in the budget year 2003, the lab generated service charge ac-
tion and porosity.
cording figure 17.
Samples analyzed for GSE and external cus37
GSE ANNUAL REPORT
`
2003Eth.C/2011
Total income generated from gold bar
service charge
The expenses and cost recovered are compared.
The comparison is shown in Table 5 and Figure 20.
Table 5. Gold bar analysis expenses
Figure 18. Total income generated from service charge
2. Analysis of Gold Bar at the National Bank of
No
.
Expenditure or
income
Expenses
in (Birr)
1.
Salary
89,202.00
2.
Fuel
63,334.2
3.
Lunch allowance
4
Service charge
Total
Ethiopia
Generated
Service
Charge (Birr)
4,420
-
225,670
156,956.20
Under the agreement of Ministry of Mines and Energy,
Ethiopian Geological Survey and the National Bank of Ethiopian, The geosciences laboratory Center has established a mini
laboratory to determine the purity or karat of Gold bar.
During the budget year, a number of Gold bars were analyzed than ever before. As a result the National Bank of Ethiopian purchased 6,750.8 kilograms of gold.
Figure 20. Gold bar income versus expenses
3. On the job training
A 256 hrs, training on five main topics was given for
the staff of the laboratory and students from Welega
university . The training topics and the number of
participants are shown in Table 6.
Figure 19. Gold bar analysis
38
GSE ANNUAL REPORT
No.
`
Topic
Number of
Total hrs.
2003Eth.C/2011
Remark
participants
1
Quality Management System 47
40
14
80
8
24
30
56
(ISO:9001 & ISO 17025 Standards)
2
Gold Bar Analysis
Fluid Mechanics
Archimedes Principles
3
Gold Bar Analysis Methods & How to Differentiate Between Real And Fake Gold Bullion
4
Practical Mineralogy
For Welega
University
Students
5
Practical Petrography
30
Table 6. On the job training
39
56
>>
GSE ANNUAL REPORT
`
Geoscience Data Center
The Geoscience Data Center accomplished various tasks in the year 2002 Eth.C by its two case teams. Following are the major outputs of Geoscience Data Center. ♦ produced and disseminated promotion documents on Clay, Gypsum and Iron oc‐
currences and deposits of Ethiopia. ♦ Prepared posters to for Mineral exhibition ♦ Rendered editorial and layout services to the GSE staff. ♦ Conducted the classification and catalogu‐
ing of 50 incoming reports and circulation of 5988 documents; collection of 40 publi‐
cations and distribution of 4672 documents; ♦ Bound 1791 documents and photocopied/
duplicated 127584 pages of documents to users; ♦ 2870 scanning, printing and CD copy ser‐
vices; and ♦ Obtained a total of 195587 birr from the Library services. ♦ More than 585 visitors have visited the Museum. 40
2003Eth.C/2011
GSE ANNUAL REPORT
`
2003Eth.C/2011
Information Communication Technology Center
During the 2003 Eth.C fiscal year the Information Communication Technology
Center (ICT) performed the following major tasks.
Table 7. volume of work of ICT in 2003 Eth. C.
No
ACTIVITY
QUANTITY
REMARK
1
NETWORK MAINTENANCE AND
EXPANSION
136
INCLUDING INTERNET SERVICE
2
COMPUTER HARDWARE AND
SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE
150
ALL DATA ABOUT THESE SERVICE
ARE KEPT IN HARD COPY AND SOFT
COPY (DATABASE)
3
PREPARATION OF SPECIFICATIONS
4
4
COMPUTER HARDWARE AND
SOFTWARE SHARING
52
5
SOFTWARE USAGE CONSULTATION
105
6
COMPUTER DISASTER RECOVERY
AND SECURITY SERVICE
168
41
THIS ACTYVITY INCLUDES
INSTALLATION AND UPGRADING OF
ANTIVIRUSES.
Scientific Equipment Engineering, Repair and Maintenance Center
GSE ANNUAL REPORT
`
2003Eth.C/2011
In the 2003 Eth.C budget year Scientific Equipment Engineering, Repair
and Maintenance Center accomplished the under stated works which are
vital for fulfilling the duties and responsibilities of the Geological survey of
Ethiopia.
The maintenance and installation work is done for geophysics and laboratory equipments, communication radios and other electronic office equipments where the volume of work is listed in the table below.
Table 8 . Volume of maintenance work in 2003 Eth. C.
No
Work accomplished
Measurement
Total
1
Maintenance
each
144
2
Preventive Maintenance
each
45
3
Specification preparation
each
15
42
GSE ANNUAL REPORT
`
2003Eth.C/2011
Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation Process
In Collaboration with Core Processes, Centers recurrent budget annual cash flow and sent to and Support Processes, Planning Monitoring and MoFED for 2003 Eth.C. Evaluation Process carried out the following major activities in 2003 Eth.C (2009/2010). ♦ Collected and Prepared the current goods and Produced the Survey’s fiscal annual reports for services prices on data base and disseminated 12 capital projects and recurrent works of 2002 the data to core and support processes for Eth.C (2010/2011) and submitted it to concerned their 2004 Eth.C budget preparation. authorities. ♦ Produced ♦
three year (2004–2008 Eth.C ) indicative capital and and new projects and recurrent works of the recurrent budget requirements and sent to 2003 Eth.C budget year and sent to con‐
MoFED. ♦ Prepared the Survey’s budget transfer re‐
Compiled the Survey’s quested from Core Processes and Centers and 2004Eth.C sent to MoFED via Ministry of Mines. (2010/2011) new project documents on geo‐
logical studies and mineral exploration for project appraisal and sent to the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development (MoFED) and Ministry of Mines. ♦
Survey’s Prepared detail action plan for 10 ongoing cerned authorities. ♦
the Produced the Survey’s 2003 Eth.C (2010/2011) monthly, quarterly and annual implementation reports of 10 capital pro‐
jects and recurrent works and sent to the concerned authorities. ♦ Prepared the Survey’s capital and recurrent budget request for 2004 Eth.C (2010/2011) and sent it to MoFED through Ministry of Mines. ♦ Produced the Survey’s approved capital and 43
GSE ANNUAL REPORT
`
2003Eth.C/2011
Procurement & Finance, Property Administration and General Service,
Maintenance and Transport process
1.
Introduction
Procurement and Finance, property administration and general service, Maintenance and
Transport process is one of the support process
of GSE is established to provide services for
Core and support processes.
♦
The survey’s previous year budget report
and existing budget year monthly financial
reports have been prepared and submitted to (MoFED).
♦
Financial transactions were audited by internal and external auditors.
♦
Bank and safe accounts were closed at
the end of the budget year.
Main activities performed in 2003 Eth. C.
1.
2. Procurement and Purchase
Finance
♦
The total capital budget expenditure for
10 projects was birr 24,742,043.00 and that
of recurrent budget expenditure was birr
21,821,042.34.
♦ from the total recurrent budget expenditure, birr 13,828,604.80 was salary and
payments and the remaining birr
7,574,600.46 spent for running costs.
♦ From the total capital budget expenditure,
birr 23,030,422.42 was spent for projects.
According to the planned budget different
payments have been effected. Total payment
effected during the 2003 budget year was birr
44,433,627.68.
♦
♦
Birr 20,867,452.58 has been collected
from core drilling and services provided to
external customers. This figure includes
previous year’s ending balance.
♦
Field equipments, sanitary items, Stationary, Computers and accessories, Scientific instruments, Batteries, Uniform, etc.
were purchased through bidding from local suppliers.
♦
Fuel, lubricants and spare parts were purchased.
♦
Office equipments and miscellaneous
items purchasing was performed by collecting performas.
♦
Chemicals were purchased from abroad
for laboratory uses.
♦
Drilling rigs, consumables and spare parts
were purchased from abroad by L/C.
♦
Annual procurement report was submitted
to Procurement & Property Administration
Agency.
3. Property Administration and General
Services
Birr 4,957,505.08 has been collected from
laboratory sample analysis services
&76,735.80 from Geoscience maps and
accompanying reports sold.
♦ Inventory and transfer of items were done
from previous person to the new warehouses employee.
44
GSE ANNUAL REPORT
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♦ 10 used vehicles were sold after the committee’s proposal and the decision by the
Director General, and a total of birr
1,797,000.00 was collected.
A foundation for better performance in the quality and timely provision of services for internal
and external customers has been laid.
♦ A committee was established to evaluate
the condition of old and useless items,
proposal was submitted to the general Director and decision was made to sell
them.
♦ Electrical, Plumbing and other maintenance were performed.
4. Maintenance and Repair
♦
10 Drilling rigs, and accessories were
maintained
♦
109 vehicles and machineries were
repaired and maintained in-house. Other
59 Vehicles were maintained in external
work shop.
♦ The cost of all maintenance and repair
was as follows.
Spare Parts
Labor Cost
Grease & Clean
Total
983,419.98
68,980.00
6,443.00
1,058,842.98
♦
Fuel and lubricants were distributed.
♦
Machinery and Vehicles were greased
and cleaned.
2003Eth.C/2011
Summary
The procurement and finance, property and
general service maintenance and transport support process has tried its best to achieve its
stretched objective goals set by the business
process Re-engineering (BPR).
45
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2003Eth.C/2011
Change Management Office
♦
The nature of the job assigned to Change
Management Office is mainly focused in giving
support and advice to work processes in their
effort of implementing the reform programs. It
closely follows up the performance of the implementation activities of the reform program of
each work process and submits reports to the
top management.
⇒
All work processes were actively engaged
in implementing the reform activities and
reported their performance on monthly basis. The reports were compiled by the
Change Management Office and sent to
the Ministry of Mines. The Ministry sent
the reform report together with other fiscal
activity reports to the House of Peoples’
Representatives on quarterly basis. After
thorough evaluation of the report, the
House sent us feedbacks. The feedbacks
were encouraging to our work.
⇒
Monthly reports were also sent to the
Ministry of Civil Service regarding BPR
implementation, BSC study and the development of change agents in the Survey.
⇒
Among the major activities special attention was given to the finalization of the
BSC document of the Survey. Hence, the
Planning Team (a team formed to study
BSC) revised the Survey’s BSC document
many times based on the feedback given
by the Planning Team of the Ministry of
Mines.
⇒
After the final document was approved by
the Ministry, cascading teams were established in each work process and started
their studies in order to cascade the strategic objectives of the Survey to their respective work processes.
Hence, this report reflects the overall reform
activities in the Survey and other assignments
given to the Office by the top management. In
line with this, the following major activities are
accomplished.
In the second year of BPR implementation
in the Survey, the main activities to be done
were prepared in the annual plan of the reform
program and distributed to all work processes.
Major activities included in the plan were:
♦
different activities
implementation,
♦
Balanced Scorecard (BSC) study,
♦
fulfilling the necessary manpower to
each work process as per the study of
BPR,
♦
indoctrinating the staff with change
principles,
♦
selecting
and
transferring
practices to others,
♦
communicating major activities of work
processes to outside customers and
image building of the Survey,
♦
information gathering from customers
in order to improve service giving
practices, and
regarding
BPR
best
46
supporting the change effort by the
necessary information technology.
GSE ANNUAL REPORT
⇒
⇒
Each cascading team presented its study
to the joint meeting of the Planning Team
and Steering Team. The studies were
thoroughly evaluated and the cascading
teams adjusted their studies in accordance
with the feedbacks. After the feedback,
the Planning Team thoroughly scrutinized
the content of each BSC cascading studies
in order to ensure that the feedback is correctly inserted. After this some of the cascading studies were sent to the Ministry of
Mines in order to check whether the studies were in the right track or not. The planning team of the Ministry sent back the
cascading studies with some suggestions.
⇒
By the end of the budget year all work
processes have finalized their cascading
studies and are ready to cascade the studies further to groups and individuals.
⇒
Regarding the automation of the balanced
scorecard system, training was given to 64
members of the Survey representing all
work processes. The training was given by
IT experts from the Addis Ababa City Administration. Since there is no BSC software developed in the country, the experts
developed a system based on excel software. So, the training was in customizing
excel in order to automate balanced scorecard.
⇒
`
2003Eth.C/2011
Since the implementation of BPR was in its
second year, it was felt to recheck whether
all the works done by “Quick Wins I” measures were in place. So, the Office had
checked in each work process and agreed
with process owners to put in place what is
missing.
⇒ The other major assignment accomplished
during the first half of the budget year was
the support given to the Human Resource
Management and Development Support
Process. The major activities were:
detailed justifications were prepared and
sent to the Ministry of Civil Service regarding
47 employees whose allocation to pertinent
job positions were rejected by the Ministry
for different reasons. Valuable support documents were sent to the Ministry with the justifications.
regarding the allocation of 73 drivers, the
Ministry of Civil Service had opposed the allocation stating that it was not done in accordance with the rules and procedures of the
Ministry. Therefore, the Survey had to clarify
that rules and procedures were followed during their allocation following the implementation of BPR. This was properly organized
and sent to the Ministry.
the other opposition forwarded by the Ministry of Civil Service was the allocation of drillers as per the organizational structure of the
Survey prepared by the BPR study. Appropriate answer was prepared and sent to the
Ministry and their allocation was accepted.
In the BSC study, new mission, vision and
values of the Survey were stated. Hence,
in order to acquaint them to the staff, copies of the new mission, vision and values
were posted on walls and in offices.
47
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2003Eth.C/2011
Gender Mainstreaming Process
The major responsibility of the Gender Mainstreaming Process (GMP) is to facilitate and coordinate the process of mainstreaming gender in
all core and support process in order to create
gender responsive organization. In turn, a gender sensitive organization will be to contribute its
part in paving the way to bring about gender
equality in the country.
⇒
A half day briefing on ‘ Gender Issues and
Affirmative Action’ was provided to a total
of 25 staff members (17 female , 8male)
on Tikimt 25/2003.
⇒
On Hidar 22/2003 ‘International White Ribbon Day’ was celebrated in collaboration
with GMP of Ministry of Mines (MOM). The
event was celebrated by creating awareness on ‘Gender Based Violence’ through
distributed flyers and panel discussion.
One of the panelists was from GSE, Communication process.
⇒
A half day training on ‘ Ethiopian Revised
Family Code’ was provided for a total of 17
staff members (15female, 2male) on Tahisas 20/2003. The training was given by a
consultant.
⇒
‘ International Women’s Day’ or March 8
was colorfully celebrated where majority of
staff, gender focal person from regional
offices and other collaborators and esteemed geusts attended the event. The
event was celebrated with panel discussion and different programs on megabit
1/2003. Senior gender expert from GSE
was one of the panelists presenting
‘women’s Movement in: America, Africa
and Ethiopia’. In addition the annual March
8 booklet entitled ‘zekre march 8’ was distributed to geusts who have attended the
event.
⇒
A total of 15 staff members (8 male, 7 female) have attended training on ‘Gender
Mainstreaming ‘on megabit 22/2003 which
was organized by MOM, GMP.
To accomplish the above stated goal there
are four major areas of interventions identified
by the process which includes:1. Provision of training and organization of
events on gender and related issues to create
awareness and enhance knowledge and skill
on gender mainstreaming
2. Coordinate and facilitate the process of gender mainstreaming and collection of sex and
gender disaggregated data in order to empower
women
3. Evaluating the process of gender mainstreaming and
4. Networking with different stakeholders working on gender to build capacity of the process
and share its best practices
Accordingly, the process had accomplished the
following major tasks in 2003 Eth.C.
1. Trainings provided and events
ganized
⇒
or-
A half day training on ‘ Gender and Related Concepts’ was provided to a total of
18 staff members (3female, 15male) on
Meskerem 13, 2003. The training was provided by the senior expert, GSE.
48
GSE ANNUAL REPORT
⇒
`
A total of 11 female staff members were
trained by a consultant about ‘leadership’
its meaning and components on Ginbot
9/2003.
⇒
A total of 14 staff members (4male, 10female) had attended training on ‘ Gender
and Related Concepts’ on Sene 2/2003
which was provided by a consultant.
⇒
A one day training on ‘Gender Budgeting’
was provided to a total of 18 staff
members (8male, 7female) on Megabit
22/2003 which was organized by EGS,
GMP.
2. Coordination and facilitation activities
2.1 Completion of Gender Auditing
Gender Audit was conducted in collaboration
with the then Ministry of Mines and Energy. The
fund was obtained from International Institute of
Rural Reconstruction (IIRR –Ethiopia) which
made it possible to hire consultants. The senior
gender expert of GSE was involved throughout
the process as a counterpart. The gender audit
report was disseminated in a workshop to different stakeholders, where most process owners of
the Survey have attended the event.
2.2 Dissemination of Gender Audit Report
Outputs of the trainings:•
•
•
2003Eth.C/2011
Copy of the gender audit report was made available to readers in the library. In addition, copies
of the gender audit executive summary and recommended actions were distributed to all process.
The number of personnel who have
acquired knowledge on gender mainstreaming and mainstreaming gender on the
budget has increased by 65 (38male, 27female) which lay foundation for effective
mainstreaming.
Outputs of the gender audit and its
communication:-
The number of male and female staff who
gained insight and knowledge on affirmative
action, the Revised family Code and leadership has increased by 53 (43 female,
10male). This training is believed to enhance implementation of affirmative action
in the organization. Furthermore, training in
‘leadership’ helps women to be assertive
and actively participate in the decision making process.
The various events organized on gender
issues and women’s rights have helped to
create awareness among staff members
about gender equality.
49
•
The gender audit has identified major gaps
in mainstreaming gender. It also has forwarded recommended actions which are
possible solution to address the gaps identified.
•
The ‘Gender Audit Dissemination Workshop’ has created awareness of the gaps
and challenges concerning gender mainstreaming. The recommended actions are
believed to help processes identify more
entry points to work toward gender equality.
•
The gender audit has also enabled the
GSE ANNUAL REPORT
`
GMPs (both GSE and MOM), to secure
fund for Gender Mainstreaming Guideline
preparation. The taskforce for the guideline
preparation has already been established
and some preliminary work is underway.
3. Evaluation of Gender Mainstreaming
Process and collection of sex disaggregated data
3.1 Evaluation of Planning report from gender perspective
•
Giving light work to women in the laboratory, (during pregnancies)
•
Delegating female personnel so that they
will have the opportunity to exercise leadership.
•
Publishing gender related topics and news
in different publication prepared by GES.
A. Formulation of sex/gender disaggregated
data collection format which recently distributed to every processes.
in the
B. Preparation of additional mainstreaming
checklist which was also sent to respective
processes.
C. Incorporation of a quarterly supervision program for the coming 2004 budget year, since
lack of strict follow up from GMP is identified
as one of the problem.
Even though processes have not been strictly
following the checklist, most process have tried
to work on gender related issues and these efforts are expressed in terms of ;
•
Employing women daily laborers if possible, (in few of the projects)
The evaluation and supervision on gender
mainstreaming effort enabled the GMP to identify critical problems faced by the processes regarding mainstreaming process. Accordingly,
the following major problems were addressed
by;
After the supervision, it was learnt that most of
the processes have not been planning, implementing and evaluating their tasks by integrating
gender issues in accordance with gender mainstreaming checklist.
•
•
Outputs of the evaluation and supervision:-
Planning and implementation reports of core
and support process were reviewed from gender
perspectives in order to evaluate their performance concerning gender mainstreaming. Accordingly, only a single process was found to
have a gender sensitive plan.
3.2 Supervision of 17 processes
organization
2003Eth.C/2011
4. Capacity Building and sharing of good
practices
Giving priorities to female staff whenever
there is training opportunities
∗
Providing affirmative action when it is relevant even if it is not well recorded
50
‘Schedule of Annual Core plan Preparation’ training was attended by the process
owner, organized by Social Affairs Minis-
GSE ANNUAL REPORT
`
try, during Hamle (7-12/2003)
∗
‘Dissemination of Culture and Tourism Policy” Workshop was attended by the process owner, organized by Ministry of Culture and Tourism at Sheraton Hotel, on
Nehasse 24/2002.
∗
The process owner has attended the inauguration Ceremony of ‘Ethiopian Women
Center’ on Nehasse 25/2002. Invited by
Ethiopian Women’s Association Network,
local NGO.
∗
UNECA, Gender Mainstreaming Officer.
∗
The senior gender expert had attended
two day workshop on ‘Gender Auditing’
Organized by Ethiopian Women, Child and
Youth Ministry. Upon the aforementioned
Ministry request, the senior expert had provided half day training on gender auditing
methodologies and challenges.
∗
The senior gender expert had provided a
half day training on ‘Gender Auditing Methodologies ‘ for a gender auditing taskforce
at ‘Ethiopian Police Commission’ Head
quarters on Sene 16/2003. The training
was provided upon the Commission’s request.
∗
A half day public lecture was attended by
the senior expert organized by AAU, Institute of Gender Studies on ‘Gender Equality
and Good Governance’ by a speaker from
The process owner had attended two week
training on ‘Gender Development and
Management’ at the Management Institute
of Ethiopia starting Ginbot 8- until 19/2003.
The fee for the training was covered by the
process’s training budget.
Out puts of networking with stakeholders
A. By attending different workshops organized
by different stakeholders working on gender
issues, Capacity of gender mainstreaming
personnel was built.
The process owner had attended a three
days training on ‘Assertiveness’ organized
by International Institute of Rural Reconstruction (IIRR)-Ethiopia, starting Tahisas
11/2003.
∗
2003Eth.C/2011
B. The organization was able to share its best
practices which can help other stakeholders
build their capacity on gender work. At the
same time sharing best practices on gender
work had helped the process of positive image building of GSE, as gender sensitive organization.
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GSE ANNUAL REPORT
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2003Eth.C/2011
Public Relation and Communication is working toward the objective of building the image of the organization by using different media and the publications.
Public Relation and Communication Process
1. Image building jobs
Introduce vision, mission and goal of the organization by,
•
publishing News letters and,
• giving training on the policy and strategy of the government for Junior geoscience professionals
2. Promotion works
The process facilitated media and press coverage for the following seminars
and issues.
• The Seminar on Cooperation of Geohazard Core Process and JICA which
was held in Dream Liner Hotel got news coverage by ETV and
Oromia
Television.
• A press conference on Ethio-Finland (GTK and GSE) cooperation also got
media coverage by Ethiopian herald news paper.
• Expansion of Geothermal electric power, cooperating with Ethiopian Electric power corporation got news coverage by ETV Amharic, English Program and by oromia Television.
♦ Publish three newsletters called ‘Zena Geological Survey’ and a magazine
called ‘Lisane Geology’ and different broachers.
3. Creating and organizing events
The process prepared several posters and organized events for :
• the National Flag day .
• the white raven day cooperating with gender mainstreaming process and
Ministry of Mines.
• HIV AIDS day cooperating with gender mainstreaming of the Survey and
Ministry of Mines.
• the occasion of nation, nationality and peoples day.
♦ Ginbot 20 /dawn fall of Derge/
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2003Eth.C/2011
The following major activities have been accomplished by the Legal
Af-
fairs work process in the year 2003 Eth.C.
♦ In the 2003 Ethiopian budget year, the process has done a lot in preparing
and participating in various Contracts, MOUs, different kinds of Agree-
Legal Affairs Work Process
ments and submitted to the concerning bodies (Office of Director General,
Chief Geologist and the Core and Supporting Processes ). By doing so, it is
believed that those instruments constructively assisted for the top and middle level management in their decision making process.
♦ In addition to this our work process have conducted legal advisory on 125
different issues and submitted legal opinions for the head and deputy head
of the survey, and other Core and Supporting Processes.
♦
The Legal Affairs Work Process, as an Attorney of the Survey, has also
taken various actions. In this regard the defendants encure civil penalties
in respect of vested interest of the Survey. Accordingly, in the mentioned
budget year the process has instituted civil suits and has taken relevant
legal actions against 14 defendants. By doing so the process has collected
Birr 233,000.
♦
On 51 various cases summons and other orders have been given by the
competent Courts of the law to the decree debtors and plaintiffs. Relevant
legal warnings have also been given for the future plaintiffs. Accordingly 2
Criminal wrongdoers have been penalized by the Courts of law.
53