Program Notes - Lincoln Center`s Great Performers
Transcription
Program Notes - Lincoln Center`s Great Performers
The Program Wednesday Evening, April 13, 2016, at 7:30 Pre-concert lecture by Susan Orlando at 6:15 in the Stanley H. Kaplan Penthouse Chamber Orchestras Accademia Bizantina Ottavio Dantone, Conductor (New York conducting debut) Christophe Coin, Cello Sergio Azzolini, Bassoon Delphine Galou, Contralto ALL-VIVALDI PROGRAM Concerto for strings in G major, RV 146 Allegro Andante e sempre piano Presto Cello Concerto in D minor, RV 407 Allegro Largo Allegro Bassoon Concerto in G minor, RV 495 Presto Largo Allegro (Program continued) Please make certain all your electronic devices are switched off. This performance is made possible in part by the Josie Robertson Fund for Lincoln Center. Alice Tully Hall, Starr Theater Adrienne Arsht Stage Great Performers BNY Mellon is Lead Supporter of Great Performers Support is provided by Rita E. and Gustave M. Hauser, Audrey Love Charitable Foundation, Great Performers Circle, Chairman’s Council, and Friends of Lincoln Center. Public support is provided by the New York State Council on the Arts. Endowment support for Symphonic Masters is provided by the Leon Levy Fund. Endowment support is also provided by UBS. MetLife is the National Sponsor of Lincoln Center Accademia Bizantina’s concert, Discovering More Vivaldi, has been partially sponsored by the Baroque Music Foundation—Unveiling and Preserving Historic Masterpieces. UPCOMING GREAT PERFORMERS EVENTS: Sunday Afternoon, April 17, 2016 at 5:00 in Alice Tully Hall Emerson String Quartet HAYDN: Quartets Op. 76, Nos. 2 (“Fifths”) and 5 BEETHOVEN: Quartets Op. 18, Nos. 1 and 5 Pre-concert lecture by Scott Burnham at 3:45 in the Stanley H. Kaplan Penthouse Sunday Afternoon, May 8, 2016 at 3:00 in David Geffen Hall Murray Perahia, Piano HAYDN: Variations in F minor MOZART: Sonata in A minor, K.310 BRAHMS: Ballade in G minor, Op. 118 BRAHMS: Two Intermezzos, Op. 119 BRAHMS: Intermezzo in A major, Op. 118 BRAHMS: Capriccio in D minor, Op. 116 BEETHOVEN: Sonata No. 29 in B-flat major (“Hammerklavier”) Thursday Evening, May 12, 2016 at 7:30 Emerson String Quartet HAYDN: Quartets Op. 76, Nos. 3 (“Emperor”) and 6 BEETHOVEN: Quartets Op. 18, Nos. 2 and 6 For tickets, call (212) 721-6500 or visit LCGreatPerformers.org. Call the Lincoln Center Info Request Line at (212) 875-5766 to learn about program cancellations or to request a Great Performers brochure. Visit LCGreatPerformers.org for more information relating to this season’s programs. Join the conversation: #LCGreatPerfs We would like to remind you that the sound of coughing and rustling paper might distract the performers and your fellow audience members. In consideration of the performing artists and members of the audience, those who must leave before the end of the performance are asked to do so between pieces. The taking of photographs and the use of recording equipment are not allowed in the building. Great Performers I The Program Sovvente il sole, from Andromeda liberata (1726) D’un bel viso, from L’incoronazione di Dario (1717) Intermission Sinfonia from Dorilla in Tempe (1726) Allegro Andante Allegro Sorge l’irato nembo, from Orlando furioso Bassoon Concerto in F major, RV 491 Allegro Largo [no tempo] Cello Concerto in B minor, RV 424 Allegro non molto Largo Allegro Agitata infido flatu, from Juditha triumphans devicta Holofernes barbarie (1716) Snapshot Great Performers By Rebecca Cypess Timeframe Vivaldi is well-known for a handful of his most important instrumental concertos— particularly The Four Seasons and L’estro armonico—but the vast majority of his music remains unfamiliar to most audiences today. In bringing together vocal and instrumental music, this evening’s program illuminates Vivaldi as a complete musician—a composer of instrumental music, opera, and oratorio, as well as a performer, teacher, and impresario. ARTS Numerous writers of the early 18th century posited a close connection between vocal and instrumental music: In 1723, the singing teacher Pier Francesco Tosi wryly suggested that “a little less fiddling with the voice, and a little more singing with the instrument, would be of great service to both.” This hybrid approach, which treats the voice like an instrument and musical instruments like the most lyrical singer, was one of the most remarkable features of Vivaldi’s compositional style, designed to astonish listeners with virtuosity and to move them through rhetorical and sentimental depth. —Copyright © 2016 by Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, Inc. 1716 “Agitata infido flatu” Flemish painter Jan Van Cleef dies. 1717 L’incoronazione di Dario Handel’s Water Music premieres in a concert on the Thames River. 1726 Dorilla in Tempe and Andromeda liberata Publication of Gulliver’s Travels by Jonathan Swift SCIENCE 1716 Johann Kunckel publishes a handbook of experimental chemistry. 1717 First book devoted to British butterflies is published. 1726 Scotland’s University of Edinburg establishes a faculty of medicine. IN NEW YORK 1716 The right of free blacks to own land ends. 1717 Roosevelt Island is known as Blackwell’s Island. 1726 City mayors are appointed by provincial governors. Notes on the Program Great Performers I Notes on the Program By Rebecca Cypess Concerto for strings in G major, RV 146 Cello Concerto in D minor, RV 407 Bassoon Concerto in G minor, RV 495 Bassoon Concerto in F major, RV 491 Cello Concerto in B minor, RV 424 ANTONIO VIVALDI Born March 4, 1678, in Venice Died July 27/28, 1741, in Vienna Approximate length: 45 minutes total The instrumental concerto in the form Vivaldi first knew it developed in Italy in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. Vivaldi built on this tradition, composing over 500 concertos. His Concerto for Strings, RV 146, proclaims the instrumental style, exploring the full range of the violin through sweeping octave leaps in the opening motive. The sweet, lyrical second movement contrasts a singing melody in the violins with a simple accompaniment in the basso continuo section (cellos and basses with the accompaniment of chordal instruments). The short binary-form third movement in a quick triple meter assumes the character and form of a fast dance—perhaps a folk dance. The most important structural hallmark of the first movement of concertos in the early 18th century was the so-called “ritornello form,” in which orchestral passages alternate with passages featuring the soloist. The opening ritornello presents multiple ideas that are fragmented and shuffled in subsequent orchestral sections. The solo episodes, meanwhile, push at the limits of virtuosic performance, with flashy passagework that propels the piece forward. The orchestra, swept up in this forward motion, inserts its ritornellos as if to comment upon the progress of the soloist. The opening movements of the four solo concertos on this program all adhere to the scheme of ritornello form, yet each navigates through that scheme in a particular way. In some of the solo passages in the Cello Concerto in B minor, RV 424, for example, Vivaldi omits the bass line, thus highlighting the intensity of the solo cello part, which seems to rise to an impossibly high range. The beginning of the Cello Concerto in D minor, RV 407, has the soloist playing double stops (two strings simultaneously), thus showing facility with the instrument while seeming to float above the rest of the orchestra. The virtuosity in the first movement of the Bassoon Concerto in G minor, RV 495, lies in its negotiation of the extremes of the instrumental compass: Vivaldi sometimes calls upon the soloist to jump two and a half octaves within a single measure, an extremely difficult task. Similarly, in the Bassoon Concerto in F major, RV 491, the opening theme of the Great Performers I Notes on the Program ritornello involves remarkably wide leaps, thus setting up such leaps as the principal challenge for the soloist, who must overcome the difficulties of the instrument like a gymnast on a balance beam. The ritornello form prompts the soloist on to these dazzling heights, and the audience cannot help but be swept up in this adventurous, risky music. Numerous writers of this period remarked on the sensitivity required to play slow movements well: The flutist Johann Joachim Quantz wrote that “a true musician may distinguish himself by the manner in which he plays the adagio.” Vivaldi’s slow movements, indeed, call for the most delicate and impassioned manner of performance. Three of the four solo concertos on this evening’s program (all but RV 491) omit the high strings entirely, leaving the soloist to play alone against the basso continuo line. This technique gives the soloist the most rhetorical flexibility possible. Following these impassioned slow movements, the dance-like characters of the final movements of the concertos seem celebratory in nature. Again the soloist becomes a virtuoso protagonist. Sovvente il sole, from Andromeda liberata (1726) ANTONIO VIVALDI Approximate length: 8 minutes Most scholars agree that the serenata Andromeda liberata, set to a libretto by Vincenzo Cassani, was in fact a pastiche of music by numerous composers. However, the authorship of the aria “Sovvente il sole” is in little doubt, since it appears in a separate manuscript in Vivaldi’s hand. This aria is sung by the character Perseus, son of Zeus, who falls in love with Andromeda and rescues her from a sea monster. The great beauty of this aria is attributable in part to Vivaldi’s use of an obbligato violin line that complements the vocal part, weaving around it and harmonizing with it. Sovvente il sole Sovvente il sole Risplende in cielo Più bello e vago Se oscura nube Già l’offusco. E il mar tranquillo Quasi senza onda Talor si scorge, Se ria procella Pria lo turbo. Often the sun Often the sun beams in the sky with greater beauty and allure after the dark clouds, which had dimmed it before, have cleared. And the calm peaceful sea is seen with almost no waves after the passing of a terrible storm which had agitated it before. Great Performers I Notes on the Program D’un bel viso, from L’incoronazione di Dario, RV 719 (1717) ANTONIO VIVALDI Approximate length: 3 minutes Vivaldi’s opera L’incoronazione di Dario, RV 719, is set in ancient Persia following the death of Cyrus. Dario, the would-be king, falls in love with Cyrus’s daughter Statira. In the aria “D’un bel viso,” Statira’s sister, Argene, pledges to win Dario’s heart and ascend to the throne herself—a plan that ultimately fails. The singer who created the role of Argene, the celebrated contralto Anna Maria Fabbri, was widely admired for her dramatic execution. The repetition of the opening section in the da capo form typical of arias in 18th-century opera seria offered audiences an opportunity to hear singers like Fabbri display their virtuosity through the addition of their own ornaments. D’un bel viso in un momento D’un bel viso in un momento Si fé il core prigionier. So che il laccio da tormento Ma non è senza piacer! In a moment, my heart In a moment, my heart was made captive by a handsome face. I know that the snares of love bring torments but they are not without pleasures! Sinfonia from Dorilla in Tempe, RV 709 (1726) ANTONIO VIVALDI Approximate length: 4 minutes The sinfonia from Vivaldi’s opera Dorilla in Tempe, RV 709, provides a link between the instrumental and vocal works on this evening’s program. Many of Vivaldi’s concertos were written for his students at the Ospedale della Pietà, a girls orphanage in Venice, but the composer was also a successful opera impresario, and some of his music was suitable for both contexts. The threepart structure of this sinfonia is not unusual, but this piece is noteworthy because some of its music appears again in the opening scene of the opera. The music may sound familiar: It includes a theme that Vivaldi borrowed from the “Spring” concerto in The Four Seasons. Sorge l’irato nembo, from Orlando furioso, RV 728 ANTONIO VIVALDI Approximate length: 4 minutes The widely read epic Orlando furioso, by the Renaissance poet Ludovico Ariosto, saw numerous operatic adaptations in the early 18th century. Vivaldi’s Orlando furioso, RV 728, with libretto by Grazio Braccioli, received its premiere in 1727. Orlando is a knight crusader who descends into a state of madness Great Performers I Notes on the Program upon losing the object of his affections, Angelica, to a rival lover. The dramatic trope of madness allowed composers to explore extreme emotional states; the tempestuous aria “Sorge l’irato nembo,” which Vivaldi first used in his opera Farnace, is a case in point. Its fast scales, aggressive repeated notes, and stormy passagework connect the image of a storm in nature with the stormy reaction of the protagonist to his emotional situation. Sorge l’irato nembo Sorge l’irato nembo, E la fatal tempesta, Col sussurrar dell’onde, Ed agita, e confonde, E cielo, e mare. The angry cloud arises The angry cloud arises, and the fatal tempest with the hissing waves agitates and throws both sky and sea into confusion. Ma fugge in un baleno L’orrida nube infesta, E l’placido sereno In cielo appar. But the terrifying, hostile cloud suddenly disappears, and the clear sky appears above. Agitata infido flatu, from Juditha triumphans devicta Holofernes barbarie, RV 644 (1716) ANTONIO VIVALDI Approximate length: 3 minutes Vivaldi’s oratorio Juditha triumphans devicta Holofernes barbarie, RV 644, set to a Latin libretto by Iacopo Cassetti based on the biblical story of Judith, was composed following the Venetian defeat of the Ottoman Turks after the siege of Corfu in 1716 as an allegory for the battle. The Assyrian general Holofernes falls in love with Israelite woman Judith. First pretending to be in love with him, she consents to join him at his banquet, but she sings the aria “Agitata infido flatu” to describe her feeling of helplessness; like the swallow, she is blown from one circumstance to another, unable to control her fate. The tempestuous music seems to rush her along as the wind buffets the swallow, and she struggles to keep up. Ultimately she takes control, however, killing Holofernes in his sleep. Great Performers I Notes on the Program Agitata infido flatu Agitata infido flatu Diu volatu Vagabundo Maesta hirundo It plorando boni ignara. Sed impulsu aurae serene Tantae cito abilita poenae In dilecta Dulcis tecta Gaudii ridet haud avara. Tossed about by the fitful wind Tossed about by the fitful wind during its long flight, the vagrant swallow grieves, weeping as it flies for the good things it has never known but carried on a fair breeze it soon forgets its sorrows. In the comfort of its soft nest it laughs for joy, desiring nothing more. Rebecca Cypess is assistant professor of music at the Mason Gross School of the Arts, Rutgers University. Her book, Curious and Modern Inventions: Instrumental Music as Discovery in Galileo’s Italy, was recently published by the University of Chicago Press. —Copyright © 2016 by Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, Inc. GIULIA PAPEZTTI Meet the Artists Great Performers I Meet the Artists Ottavio Dantone After receiving a performance degree in both organ and harpsichord, Ottavio Dantone immediately launched into a concert career, quickly attracting the attention of critics as one of the finest players of his generation. In 1985 he was awarded the basso continuo prize at the International Competition in Paris, and he was the highest prize winner at the 1986 International Competition in Bruges. Mr. Dantone’s collaboration with Accademia Bizantina began in 1989, and his profound understanding of historical performance practices during the Baroque period led to his nomination in 1996 as its music director. Under his direction, Accademia Bizantina has affirmed itself as one of the most outstanding Baroque orchestras today. In addition to his activities as a soloist and director of chamber music and small orchestras, Mr. Dantone has added those of a major conductor, extending his repertoire to the Classical and Romantic periods. As an opera conductor he made his debut in 1999 with the first modern execution of Sarti’s Giulio Sabino at Ravenna’s Teatro Alighieri with Accademia Bizantina. He has conducted both well-known operas and operas that are rarely heard or their first modern performance in celebrated festivals and theaters, among them the Teatro alla Scala in Milan, Glyndebourne Festival Opera, Zurich Opera, and the BBC Proms in London. Mr. Dantone has recorded as both a soloist and a conductor with such labels as Decca, Deutsche Grammophon, Naïve, and Harmonia Mundi, winning numerous international awards and critical acclaim. Great Performers I Meet the Artists Christophe Coin NEMO PERIER STEFANOVITCH Christophe Coin studied cello at the Paris Conservatory with André Navarra, and viola da gamba with Jordi Savall at Schola Cantorum Basiliensis in Basel. In 1984 he founded the Mosaïques Ensemble and a few years later established the string quartet Quatuor Mosaïques with Erich Höbarth, Andrea Bischof, and Anita Mitterer. The quartet performs primarily Classical repertoire on period instruments, with a focus on lesser-known works. Since 1991 Mr. Coin has been director of the Ensemble Baroque de Limoges and a teacher of Baroque cello and viola da gamba at the Conservatoire National Supérieur de Musique in Paris and the Schola Cantorum Basiliensis. He has organized workshops on the building and playing of historic instruments, and collaborated on the soundtrack to Tous les Matins du Monde. As a soloist and ensemble member, Mr. Coin has recorded some 50 CDs, including Purcell’s trio sonatas and Haydn’s cello concertos with Christopher Hogwood. He also conducted and played Bach’s ten cantatas with violoncello piccolo at the church in Thüringia, Germany, that is famous for its Baroque organ by Gottfried Silbermann. JUDITH SCHLOSSER Sergio Azzolini Sergio Azzolini has worked intensively in the field of Baroque music with period instruments in addition to his solo career as a modern bassoonist. He is a member of the Ensemble Baroque de Limoges, led by Christophe Coin. As a soloist he appears regularly with Sonatori de la Gioiosa Marca, La Stravaganza Köln, and his own orchestra, L’Onda Armonica, and he is a permanent member of the chamber music ensemble Parnassi Musici. Mr. Azzolini has won many prestigious competitions, including the Carl Maria von Weber Competition and ARD International Music Competition. He played with the Ma’alot Quintet for ten years, and since 1998 has been professor of bassoon and chamber music at the Hochschule für Musik in Basel. Great Performers I Meet the Artists Between 2002 and 2007, Mr. Azzolini was artistic director of the Kammerakademie Potsdam, where he partook in three highly successful opera productions: Vivaldi’s La fida Ninfa, Galuppi’s Le nozze di Dorina, and Graun’s Montezuma. In 2011, Mr. Azzolini led the Kammerakademie in a staged version of Le nozze di Figaro in Potsdam. He is currently working on a complete recording of the 39 bassoon concertos by Vivaldi for Naïve’s Vivaldi Edition. A. BARDEL Delphine Galou Delphine Galou studied philosophy at the Sorbonne, along with piano and singing. In 2004 she was chosen as the ADAMI Classical Discovery of the Year, and decided to specialize in Baroque repertoire, collaborating with ensembles such as Balthasar Neumann Ensemble, I Barocchisti, Accademia Bizantina, Collegium 1704, Venice Baroque Orchestra, Il Complesso Barocco, Le Concert des Nations, Orchestre Les Siècles, Les Arts Florissants, Le Concert d’Astrée, and more. She has performed at Théâtre des Champs-Élysées, Angers-Nantes Opéra, Opéra de Montpellier, Royal Opera House–Covent Garden, Theater Basel, Berlin State Opera, and Florence’s Maggio Musicale, among others. Ms. Galou collaborated on the CD recording of Porpora’s Vespro per la Festività dell’Assunta (Ambronay) and Vivaldi’s Teuzzone and Orlando 1714 (Naïve). Accademia Bizantina Accademia Bizantina was founded in Ravenna, Italy, in 1983 with the intention of “making music like a large quartet.” The ensemble is managed by its members, guaranteeing the chamber music approach to its performances. Among the prominent personalities who have supported the orchestra’s development and growth are Jörg Demus, Carlo Chiarappa, Riccardo Muti, and Luciano Berio. Accademia Bizantina has also enjoyed the collaboration of many fine musicians, among them Stefano Montanari, who was an integral part of the orchestra for over 20 years. The ensemble plays on period instruments and specializes in 17th-, 18th-, and 19th-century repertoire. In 1989 Ottavio Dantone joined the group as harpsichordist and in 1996 he was appointed musical and artistic director. Under his guidance, Accademia Bizantina has merged philological research and an aesthetic approach to the interpretation of music from the Baroque period. The orchestra has gone on to specialize in the rediscovery and performance Great Performers I Meet the Artists of Baroque operas, ranging from major works to operas that have never been performed in modern times. New productions scheduled for 2016 include Vivaldi’s L’incoronazione di Dario, Handel’s Alcina and Belshazzar, and Bach’s The Art of Fugue. Accademia Bizantina performs in concerts halls and festivals worldwide. Its many recordings, most notably for Decca, Harmonia Mundi, and Naïve, have won numerous awards, including the Diapason d’Or, Midem, and a Grammy Award nomination for Purcell’s “O Solitude” with countertenor Andreas Scholl. The ensemble’s collaborations with Scholl and violinists Viktoria Mullova and Giuliano Carmignola are of particular note. Accademia Bizantina Violin I Alessandro Tampieri, Concertmaster Andrea Rognoni Lisa Ferguson Boris Begelman Violin II Ana Liz Ojeda, Principal Ulrike Fischer Mauro Massa Elisa Bestetti Alto Diego Mecca, Principal Paolo Zinzani Cello Alessandro Palmeri Paolo Ballanti Bass Nicola Dal Maso Theorbo Tiziano Bagnati Great Performers Lincoln Center’s Great Performers Celebrating its 50th anniversary, Lincoln Center’s Great Performers offers classical and contemporary music performances from the world’s outstanding symphony orchestras, vocalists, chamber ensembles, and recitalists. Since its initiation in 1965, the series has expanded to include significant emerging artists and premieres of groundbreaking productions, with offerings from October through June in Lincoln Center’s David Geffen Hall, Alice Tully Hall, and other performance spaces around New York City. Along with lieder recitals, Sunday morning coffee concerts, and films, Great Performers offers a rich spectrum of programming throughout the season. Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, Inc. Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts (LCPA) serves three primary roles: presenter of artistic programming, national leader in arts and education and community relations, and manager of the Lincoln Center campus. A presenter of more than 3,000 free and ticketed events, performances, tours, and educational activities annually, LCPA offers 15 programs, series, and festivals including American Songbook, Great Performers, Lincoln Center Festival, Lincoln Center Out of Doors, Midsummer Night Swing, the Mostly Mozart Festival, and the White Light Festival, as well as the Emmy Award–winning Live From Lincoln Center, which airs nationally on PBS. As manager of the Lincoln Center campus, LCPA provides support and services for the Lincoln Center complex and the 11 resident organizations. In addition, LCPA led a $1.2 billion campus renovation, completed in October 2012. Lincoln Center Programming Department Jane Moss, Ehrenkranz Artistic Director Hanako Yamaguchi, Director, Music Programming Jon Nakagawa, Director, Contemporary Programming Jill Sternheimer, Director, Public Programming Lisa Takemoto, Production Manager Andrew Elsesser, Temporary Associate Director, Programming Charles Cermele, Producer, Contemporary Programming Mauricio Lomelin, Producer, Contemporary Programming Regina Grande, Associate Producer Amber Shavers, Associate Producer, Public Programming Nana Asase, Assistant to the Artistic Director Luna Shyr, Senior Editor Olivia Fortunato, House Seat Coordinator Accademia Bizantina’s representation: Seth Cooper Arts Inc. www.sethcooperarts.com Christopher St. Clair 4 decades of thinking like an artist NYC Department of Education teacher Dan Burwasser training music students for auditions n the summer of 2014, more than 90 middle school arts students arrived on Lincoln Center’s campus as part of a newly created initiative called Middle School Arts Audition Boot Camp. This free two-week program, created in partnership with the New York City Department of Education, was designed to level the playing field for students as they audition for some of the city’s most competitive arts-based high schools. As part of the intensive, ten-session, two-week program, students from schools with limited resources received coaching in dance, theater, music, and the visual arts from professionals and teaching artists within Lincoln Center’s resident organizations, and Department of Education teachers. After receiving this preparation, which included masterclasses and mock auditions, an astounding 90% of the students received an offer to the high school of their choice, and 64% were offered placement in arts-based high schools. Audition Boot Camp was so successful that it was repeated in the I summer of 2015 with an even larger group of students. Within the next few weeks, the 149 students from the 2015 class will find out about their high school placements. In the meantime, the program will continue again this summer with a third class of up to 160 eighth graders. Preparing for the high school audition is important, but what happens next? Lincoln Center is expanding its commitment to the graduates of the Middle School Arts Audition Boot Camp program through a new initiative called Mentor-Linc. In this program, Boot Camp alumni will have access to their peer network all year long and can opt to be paired with a mentor, who will continue to offer advice and support through four years of high school. By providing continued access to a mentor, Lincoln Center Education will help guide these eighth graders toward success beyond the audition, opening doors to a future of opportunities. Learn more about Lincoln Center Education: LincolnCenterEducation.org Accessibility at Lincoln Center R eflecting a quote by Lincoln Center’s first president John D. Rockefeller III that “the arts are not for the privileged few, but for the many,” Lincoln Center has had as a central mission from its start making the arts available to the widest possible audiences. In 1985, that led to the establishment of the Department of Programs and Services for People with Disabilities to ensure full participation in the thousands of events presented annually across the Lincoln Center campus. It was the first such program at any major performing arts center in the U.S. and has longserved as a model for other arts institutions around the country. Celebrating its 30th anniversary with a new name, Accessibility at Lincoln Center, the program continues to provide exceptional guest care to all visitors, as well as training in accessibility to colleagues at Lincoln Center’s resident organizations, including the Film Society of Lincoln Center, the New York Philharmonic, and Jazz at Lincoln Center. Accessibility oversees the production of large-print and Braille programs for hundreds of performances taking place each year at various Lincoln Center venues. Another major component of Accessibility is its longstanding “Passport to the Arts.” The program annually distributes to children with disabilities thousands of free tickets to a variety of Lincoln Center performances, including New York City Ballet and the New York Philharmonic—a welcoming introduction to the arts. A parent who participated in a recent “Passport” event commented “It allowed my family and I to enjoy and learn along with everyone else. The accessibility… made it easier for our family to “relax” and truly enjoy the experience.” Accessibility is expanding the ways it serves adults with disabilities. It introduced and oversees American Sign Languageled official tours of Lincoln Center, and offers live audio description for select Lincoln Center Festival performances. Accessibility looks forward to growing its inclusive programs in the years to come. To learn more about Accessibility at Lincoln Center, please contact access@lincolncenter.org or call 212.875.5375.