Construction Safety Essentials

Transcription

Leading the World to a Safer Workplace
Construction Safety
Essentials
Training Guide
www.vocam.com
Contents
Training Guide Overview ............................................................3
1
Suggested Two Hour Training Session .......................4
2
Programme Script ..................................................................5
Know Your Workplace..................................................................6
Housekeeping ..............................................................................7
Working at Height .........................................................................8
Electricity ....................................................................................10
Fire ..............................................................................................11
Plant, Tools and Equipment .......................................................12
Personal Protective Equipment .................................................13
Hazardous Materials ..................................................................13
Excavations ................................................................................14
Confined Spaces ........................................................................15
The Elements .............................................................................15
Manual Handling ........................................................................16
Public Safety ..............................................................................17
Summary .....................................................................................17
3
Key Point Sheets ..................................................................18
Housekeeping ............................................................................18
Slips, Trips & Falls .....................................................................19
Height Work ................................................................................19
Hazardous Materials ..................................................................20
Electricity ....................................................................................21
Fire ..............................................................................................22
Manual Handling ........................................................................23
Vocam © Training Guide — Construction Safety Essentials
1
4
Training Questions ............................................................. 24
Answers to Training Questions ................................................. 26
5
Additional Training Ideas ................................................. 27
6
How to Improve Your Training Session .................... 28
7
Developing an Effective Training Programme ..... 30
This training guide and video production have been made only as a guide and may not conform with current and
local standards, statutes, regulations, requirements and procedures. The training package may or may not be
relevant to your particular standards and needs. Trainers should make their own enquiries and seek the assistance
of local authorities, experts and consultants. This training package is merely an aid to learning and understanding
and is not a substitute for practice, experience, drills and hands-on instruction and tuition which is essential.
VOCAM LTD and other parties involved in this production shall not be liable for any expenses, claims, damages,
suits, actions, judgements and costs whatsoever arising out of or in any way connected with or howsoever
caused by this production and whether arising from contract, tort, negligence, strict liability statute or howsoever
otherwise.
DISCLAIMER – All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced by any means without written
permission from the author, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review.
Copyright © Vocam Ltd
Aus 2003
2
Construction Safety Essentials — Vocam © Training Guide
Training Guide Overview
This programme and training guide have been produced to provide you with a
convenient, up to date training resource which will help educate and train personnel
at all levels within your organization.
Construction site hazards are numerous and complacency towards these hazards
is a leading factor in most work accidents. Personnel need to be reminded that
safety should never be taken for granted.
This training programme reinforces the basic principles of construction site safety.
Practical guidance is also provided in relation to the major workplace hazards
personnel are most likely to face.
The "Construction Safety Essentials" training guide consists of 5 main sections:
1. Suggested two hour training session
2. “Construction Safety Essentials” programme script
3. Key point sheets
4. Training questions and answers
5. Additional training ideas
The training guide also provides you with general guidelines concerning:
6. How to improve your training sessions, and
7. How to develop an effective training programme
Key Point Sheets
Summary sheets highlighting key information have been provided for use as
overheads. Photocopies of these sheets can also be used as a reference point by
personnel during training sessions.
3
1
Suggested Two Hour Training Session
This training session can be adapted to suit the time requirements of your
organization by omitting sections of the module considered low priority. However,
it is recommended that in order to gain full benefit from the programme and other
resources provided the training session be undertaken in its entirety.
10 mins
Introduce the group to the aim of the training session:
New personnel or those who have moved to a new job or work area, or
contractors new to the site, face additional risks. Knowledge of the job,
the site, potential hazards and workplace pressures all play a part in
job safety.
Experienced personnel also face particular risks: complacency, overfamiliarity, boredom, the temptation to take short cuts and lack of
attentiveness.
In this programme we have highlighted some of the major hazard areas
which personnel may face. Particular safety measures and an attitude
of work safety are stressed.
Briefly touch on the main points that will be raised in the programme.
40 mins
Show the programme.
Go over any matters which personnel are not clear on. After each section
of the programme get personnel to relate what they have learnt to their
own work environment/tasks.
50 mins
Discuss with the group.
• the existence of workplace hazards which may exist in their work
areas on site
• effective ways to reduce the risks associated with these hazards
• how well personnel know their work areas (location of exits, fire
extinguishers, first aid stations, who the first aid officers in their area
are etc.)
• go over the matters contained in the “Key Point Sheets” and
“Additional Training Ideas” section of the guide (see pages 18-23 & 27)
20 mins
4
Complete training questions.
Ask personnel to fill out the included “Training Questions” (see page 24).
Discuss responses with the group.
Programme Script
2
Construction site safety is everyone's responsibility.
Whether you are new to the job or have twenty years
experience it still only takes one slip up for a bad
accident to occur. You must therefore always make
safety your number one priority.
You may not realise it but if you are a new employee
or have moved into a new job area, or you are a
contractor new to the site, you fall into a high risk
category.
You have a new job environment to familiarize yourself
with, new site procedures and tasks to learn, new
people to know and communicate with and new
workplace pressures and hazards. All of this requires
extra care and diligence on your part.
In this video we will be highlighting some of the
essentials of construction safety. Whether you work on
a small construction site or a major development the
safety principles covered in this video will be
applicable. We will look in particular at the different
types of hazards which you need to guard against and
suggest practical ways to make your work day a safe
day.
5
Know Your Workplace
Construction sites can be very dangerous places and
unfortunately they account for a large proportion of
workplace injuries and fatalities.
It is therefore vital that you are familiar with your work
environment and the job you are required to undertake.
Before starting work in a new area walk around and
familiarize yourself with your surroundings and check
for any workplace hazards.
Think about what could go wrong at each stage of what
you do. Be prepared for an emergency situation. Know
where first attack fire fighting equipment is located and
how to use it. Find out where the nearest first aid station
is and who are the first aiders in your area.
Make sure you are familiar with the company’s health &
safety policy and know the specific safety requirements
of the site you are working on.
There can be many hazards on a construction site,
some obvious and others hard to detect. Your ability to
identify site hazards and assess the danger is vital to
not only your safety but also that of your workmates.
Let's now examine a range of common construction
site hazards and look at the measures you can take to
help reduce the risks.
6
Housekeeping
Poor housekeeping is so often found to be the cause
of accidents at work.
Protruding pipes, exposed nails and reinforcing rods,
electrical cords near water or equipment left lying on
the ground - by simply noticing these hazards and
either removing the problem, repairing or reporting it
you will be helping to prevent accidents.
Never underestimate the hazards associated with poor
housekeeping and do not simply assume that someone
else will come along and clean things up. Housekeeping
is everybody’s responsibility.
Remember to keep platforms, floors, roadways, work
and access areas clear. Store tools, equipment and
materials tidily and in their appropriate areas.
Never block fire extinguishers, emergency exits or first
aid stations. And if you make a mess then remember
to clean it up immediately.
INTERACTIVE QUESTION
Name three housekeeping tasks that will
help make you workplace safer?
7
Working at Height
Even if you are only a couple of metres off the ground
an awkward fall could cause serious injuries or even
result in your death.
There are many height hazards which you need to
guard against. Openings such as holes in floors, gaps
on working platforms, shafts and stairwells must be
covered over, barricaded or fenced off.
Before starting work check your clearance from any
overhead power lines. Don't take risks - discuss
awkward access situations with your supervisor.
Always choose the most suitable equipment for the
job and the particular site and access conditions.
In the case of elevated work platforms make sure they
are situated on firm level ground. If the unit is fitted
with outriggers then make sure these are properly
extended and chocked before raising the platform.
Always wear a safety harness secured to the platform
by a short life line.
You must also exercise great care when working from
scaffolding.
Scaffolds must be fully boarded and guard rails and
toe boards in place.
Before commencing work carry out inspections of the
scaffold to make sure it is safe.
8
When using a ladder make sure you have both hands
free for climbing. Carry tools in a belt or shoulder bag
and hoist equipment up to the work area. The ladder
must be placed on a firm, level surface. Tie off the
ladder to a secure object and at it’s base where
practical and do not stretch in order to reach something.
Climb down and move the ladder instead.
Your ladder must be correctly angled to minimize the
risk of slipping outwards. As a rule of thumb the ladder
should be one metre out for every four up.
Rest the ladder against a solid surface and make sure
it extends over one metre above the landing platform.
When working at height also be conscious of the
safety of those below you. Toe boards, mesh infills,
screens or other means of stopping falling objects
should be installed.
Be especially cautious when working on a roof, many
hazards exist. Roofs made of fragile materials, roof
lights and roof openings, sloping and slippery
surfaces.
Stay alert to the hazards and always take great care.
It only takes one false move for disaster to strike.
When working at height what safety
precautions should always be employed?
9
Electricity
Because our bodies are made up mainly of water they
make excellent conductors. Electricity adopts a path
of least resistance and you could easily provide that
path if you do not take care.
Keep an eye out for electrical hazards:
• cracked or faulty insulation
• equipment that is overheating
• damp or humid conditions
Always adopt safe work practices when dealing with
electricity. Remove metal wrist watches, jewellery and
belts with large metal buckles. Make sure you wear
non-conductive footwear.
Before starting work check to see that your tools are
in good shape and clean. Your electrical equipment
should also be thoroughly inspected by a competent
person on a regular basis and records maintained of
these inspections.
Remember to keep power cords well away from heat
sources, wet areas, sharp objects and other places
where they could get damaged. Run cables at height
to keep them dry and prevent them from being
damaged.
When working near live power cables, ideally use nonconductive wooden or fibre glass ladders. Remember
to keep as far away from power lines and electrical
cables as possible especially in damp conditions.
Trip or earth leakage devices cut the current if contact
is made with any live part. These devices should be
in place and checked on a regular basis.
10
Fire
The potential for a fire to break out on a construction
site should never be underestimated. Even small fires
can be costly in terms of damage and delay.
So what exactly should you as an employee or a contractor
do to help reduce the chance of fire breaking out?
For a start, you need to be on the lookout for possible
fire hazards such as:
• electrical wiring defects
• flammable vapours and dust
• accumulated rubbish or flammable liquid spills
• and hot work activities.
When carrying out hot work, make sure whenever possible
that it happens in designated areas where no fire risk exists.
There should be no combustible material in the near vicinity
and check to see that fire fighting equipment is close by.
Remember that good housekeeping and the proper
disposal of rubbish and waste material is a vital part
of any fire safety programme.
You must also know what to do in a fire emergency
situation. Remember to follow the sites’ fire response
procedures, keep you head and above all do not panic.
Know where fire extinguishers and hose reels are located.
It is important to use the right type of extinguisher on the
material which is burning. Ordinary combustible materials
such as wood, paper and textiles are best extinguished
by using water. In the case of flammable liquids use foam
extinguishers to smother the flames. Carbon dioxide
extinguishers are good general purpose extinguishers
and are ideal for use on electrical fires. Dry chemical
extinguishers can also be used on electrical fires but are
not as effective on wood or paper fires as water
extinguishers. Do not use water or foam extinguishers
on an electrical fire - you could electrocute yourself!
If the fire alarm goes off then immediately stop working
and evacuate to the assembly area. Remain at the
assembly point until everyone is accounted for and
the all clear has been given.
Where are the fire extinguishers and safe
assembly areas in your workplace?
11
Plant, Tools and Equipment
The tools and equipment you use must be kept in safe
working order.
Make sure you choose the right tool or piece of
equipment for the job and check it thoroughly before
use. With machinery it's a good idea to have a written
pre-operation checklist which you should go through
before commencing work.
If any faults or problems are identified then immediately
get these attended to. Do not attempt to operate faulty
equipment.
Special care must be taken when working with or near
hoists and mobile cranes. Complacency concerning
their safe use will often end in disaster.
Also stay alert to the movement of site vehicles. Wear
high visibility clothing when working with mobile plant
or if you are near roadways. It may be mandatory on
your site for all personnel to wear high visibility
clothing.
Always travel at a safe speed.
12
Personal Protective Equipment
The tasks you undertake everyday will normally
involve wearing some form of personal protective
equipment. P.P.E. as it is commonly referred to may
include items such as gloves, protective eye wear,
safety harnesses and so on.
When working on a construction site it is essential that
you wear a hard hat and steel capped safety boots.
Because construction sites are often very noisy you
must also make a point of wearing adequate ear
protection.
Whenever you wear P.P.E. do not let it give you a false
sense of security. The hazards are still out there - by
wearing P.P.E. you are just limiting your exposure to
those hazards.
You must therefore make sure that other control
measure are in place to help reduce the risks.
When choosing P.P.E. make sure it matches the hazard.
It should fit correctly, be comfortable and it must be
compatible with other items of P.P.E.
Hazardous Materials
Whenever you work with chemicals or other hazardous
materials you must always exercise caution and care.
Get into the habit of firstly checking for any warning
signs on the container label.
If you need more information or are unfamiliar with the
material then ask your supervisor for a copy of the
relevant materials safety data sheet. This contains
information about how to use, handle and store the
chemical safely.
If you are not sure about how to handle or work with
any hazardous substance then do not take the risk.
Ask your supervisor and find out before it's too late.
Remember that hazardous materials may enter your
body by being absorbed through your skin or eyes. By
being inhaled or by being ingested when you swallow.
Make sure you also know what to do in the event of a
hazardous materials accident occurring on site.
13
Excavations
Ground work can be extremely hazardous - trench
collapse, objects falling onto people, vehicles or
personnel falling into the excavation, undermining of
nearby structures.
Proper precautions must be taken at all times. Never
be tempted to take short cuts - the risks are simply too
great.
Always excavate using safe digging practices. Prevent
trench collapse by either reducing the slope of the
trench walls or installing a suitable support system.
Store excavated spoil, plant or materials well away
from the sides of excavations. Always make sure you
know where underground services are before starting
to dig.
At the beginning of your shift check for evidence of
slides or cave-ins and make sure trench supports are
secure. Excavations should be barricaded and
prominent warning signs displayed.
Make a point of always following established safety
procedures.
14
Confined Spaces
Entry into a confined space can be one of the most
hazardous activities which you as a construction
worker may be faced with.
Be aware of the confined spaces which may exist on
site. Generally they will be areas with limited openings
for personnel to enter and exit and are not designed
for regular occupancy. They may be areas which
contain or cause an accumulation of atmospheric
hazards. They may also have a deficiency or over
supply of oxygen.
Confined space entry is a specialised field requiring
detailed training and a thorough understanding of the
appropriate work and safety practices. Do not attempt
to enter a confined space unless you are fully trained
and know what you are doing.
What are two things that need to be checked
before you enter a confined space?
The Elements
As a construction worker you are particularly
vulnerable to U.V. exposure and you must make a point
of regularly checking all parts of your body for skin
cancer. No one knows your skin better than you do
and the earlier you detect an irregularity the less
chance it will have of causing you a health problem.
Remember that the ultra-violet hazard is greatest
between 11am and 3pm. Be sunsmart. Place a neck
protector under your hard hat. Wear clothing made of
closely knit material and shirts that have long sleeves
and collars. Also make a point of applying sunblock to
exposed areas of skin prior to working outside.
As a construction worker you also need to guard
against extremes of heat or cold.
Make sure you keep your fluid intake up in both hot
and cold conditions and stay alert for signs of physical
distress.
15
Manual Handling
Your back needs to be treated with care, it only has to
be injured on one occasion and you could be afflicted
with back problems for the rest of your life.
Wherever possible save your back by using mechanical
aids to move loads.
The key to proper lifting is to keep the three curves of
your back in their natural positions. Always adopt the
following essential steps:
• Firstly, stop and think. Plan the lift by checking
the weight of the load. Are there any suitable
mechanical aids which could be used?
• Stand close to the load with feet apart so that
you have a balanced stable base for lifting.
• Do not bend your back. Bend at the knees and
keep your back as straight as possible.
• Get a firm grip and move the load close to your
body.
• Do not jerk the load - lift it smoothly.
• Always keep your arms and the load close to
your body and when turning, use your feet
rather than twisting the body.
When carrying out a team lift make sure that one
person gives clear instructions during the lift.
Remember when lifting to use any available support,
and do not try to act the hero. If there is a potential risk
to your back then find a mechanical aid or get
somebody to help you.
What are three things that you can do to
protect your back when moving a load?
16
Public Safety
Never compromise the safety of members of the public.
Sufficient safeguards must always be in place. For
example:
• protection from falling materials
• signs for traffic and pedestrians
• barriers and
• safe walking surfaces
Store your equipment and materials so they will not
injure anyone and make sure there are no tripping
hazards.
Summary
As we have seen in this video, construction site
accidents can be prevented if you adopt an attitude of
work safety. Do not simply rush into a job. Always take
the time to assess a work situation and find ways of
reducing the risks before proceeding. If you are new
to a job then you are particularly vulnerable but even
experienced workers need to make safety their
number one priority. Complacency on the job will end
in disaster - it just needs that one slip up to occur so
make sure you stay alert.
Let's make every day a safe work day - think safety!
17
3
Key Point Sheets
Housekeeping
** Housekeeping is everyone’s responsibility **
That includes YOU!
Advantages of Good Housekeeping
• Less clutter and rubbish (these are the most
common causes of fire and accidental injury)
• You can find what you are looking for quicker
(improved efficiency and production and less
frustration)
• Neat work area (more enjoyable and comfortable to
work in)
Key Steps to Good Housekeeping
• Machines (keep clean and follow maintenance
routines, check machine guards, power cables and
switches -- report any defects immediately)
• Tools (clean off dirt and oil, store in appropriate
area, repair or report defects)
• Storage (materials/substances must be clearly
labelled, store in designated areas, keep
containers secure)
• Floors/Aisles/Access areas/Platforms (keep clear
of debris and rubbish, do not store materials etc.
where they could create a hazard)
• Personal Protective Equipment (keep clean and
store correctly)
18
Slips, Trips & Falls
• Stay alert at all times
• Report hazards immediately or fix the problem
• Keep all platforms, stairs, walkways and roads clear
• Slow down when travelling over greasy surfaces
• Choose non-slip footwear
• If a spill occurs then clean it up immediately. Block
off the area while you go and get any cleaning aids
• Alert others in the area to the hazard
• Make sure your work area is well lit
• Hold on to handrails
• Do not run or jump down from equipment
Height Work
• Always plan your work before proceeding
• Check clearance from overhead power lines
• Your equipment must be suitable for the job
• Situate EWP's on firm level ground
• Scaffolds -- fully boarded, guard rails and toe boards
• Take one step at a time when going up or down
stairs/ladders and use both hands for climbing
• Get materials/equipment hoisted up
• Ladder must extend 1 metre above landing platform
• Tie off ladder to secure object
• Ladder must be correctly angled (1 in 4)
• Be conscious of the safety of those below you
19
Hazardous Materials
• Be aware of the hazardous substances used and
stored in your work area
• Read container labels and thoroughly check
relevant Safety Data Sheets before using a
chemical
• Know your organization's procedures for dealing
with hazardous substances
• Always follow your organization's procedures
• Do not take shortcuts!
• Check containers regularly for leaks
• Make sure all containers are clearly labelled
• Never store flammable or explosive materials near
a heat source
• Never undertake hot work near a flammable or
explosive material
• Always wear the correct P.P.E. - it must match the
hazard
• Do not wear contaminated P.P.E.
• Dispose of chemical containers correctly and in
accordance with your organization’s procedures
• Wash your hands thoroughly after working with
chemicals
• Keep work clothing well away from your out of
work clothing
20
Electricity
Avoid Electrical Hazards
• Make sure you are working in a safe environment
• Do not wear jewellery or metal wrist watches
• Check insulation regularly
• Make sure your tools and equipment are clean
• Look out for overheating equipment
• Keep machines well maintained and lubricated
• Use tools with insulated hand grips
• Ground/Earth leakage devices to be checked
regularly
• Wear non-conductive footwear
• Check that electrical equipment has been recently
inspected by a competent person
Electric Shock Action
** Do not touch person if connected to live circuit **
1. Shout for help and switch off the power
2. If you cannot turn off power - try to separate the
power source from the casualty:
• use a non-conductive implement such as a
wooden broom
• if this is not possible or high voltage equipment
is involved contact emergency services
3. Seek urgent first aid and medical attention
21
Fire
Stay Alert for Hazards
• Overheating equipment
• Accumulated rubbish (poor housekeeping)
• Cracked/Faulty electrical insulation
• Spilled flammable material
• Hot work activities
• Overloaded equipment/circuits
• Storage of flammable material near a heat source
• Electrical wiring defects
• Explosive dangers (flammable vapours, dust etc.)
• Failure to switch off equipment when not being used
• Raise the alarm
What to do in a Fire Emergency
• Assist personnel in danger, but only if safe to do so
• Close off the affected area
• Call the fire brigade
• Attack the fire (fire extinguishers, hose reels), but
only if safe to do so
• Move to emergency assembly area
• Stay at the assembly area until the all clear has
been given
22
Manual Handling
Essential Lifting Steps
• Wherever possible use a mechanical aid to assist you
• Get additional help if necessary (don't risk it!)
• Plan the lift
• Check the weight of the load
• Is the route you are planning to travel free of
obstructions?
• Is the place you are planning to put the load free of
obstructions?
• Stand close to the load
• Place feet apart so as to establish a wider stability
base
• Bend at the knees
• Pull the load close to your body
• Get a firm grip
• Lift smoothly
• Keep your back straight
• Let your legs provide the force for lifting
• Look where you are going
• Do not twist your upper body when turning, move
your feet
• When depositing the load once again bend at the
knees and keep your back straight
** The key to good lifting is to keep the 3 curves of
your back in their natural position **
23
4
Training Questions
Name _________________________________________ Date
/
/
Department ________________________________________________
Question 1:
What should you check before plugging in a piece of electrical
equipment?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Question 2:
i.
What are the six important steps to remember when lifting an object?
___________________________________________________________
ii. ___________________________________________________________
iii. ___________________________________________________________
iv. ___________________________________________________________
v.
___________________________________________________________
vi. ___________________________________________________________
Question 3:
Fill in the blank:
Most of the power for lifting should come from your _______ .
Question 4:
If a fire breaks out on site what should your response be?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
24
Question 5:
What is the most important consideration in the selection of P.P.E.?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Question 6:
Is the following statement true or false?
P.P.E. which fits well and is used correctly helps remove the hazard.
£ True
Question 7:
£ False
What type(s) of fire extinguisher should be used on an electrical fire?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Question 8:
What essential safety measures should you take when using a ladder?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Question 9:
What can you do to reduce your exposure to harmful U.V. (ultraviolet) rays?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Question 10: Slips, trips and falls should be guarded against by reducing the
risks. How can you help to reduce the risks?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
25
Answers to Training Questions
Question 1: Check that the equipment and power point are turned off, check
insulation (for wear, cuts, adequacy), connections, current test tag.
Are power cables safely positioned?
Question 2: i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
plan the lift
stand close to the load
keep your back straight
get a firm grip
lift smoothly
keep the load close to your body
Question 3: Most of the power for lifting should come from your legs.
Question 4: Assist any person in immediate danger but only if it is safe to do so,
raise the alarm and call the emergency services, attack the fire but
only if it is safe to do so, evacuate to the assembly area and remain
there until everyone is accounted for and the all clear has been given.
Question 5: The nature of the hazard.
Question 6: False - Wearing P.P.E. only reduces your exposure to the hazard.
The hazard still exists.
Question 7: Non-conductive extinguishers. i.e. Carbon dioxide or Dry powder
extinguishers.
Question 8: Use both hands for climbing. Get materials and equipment hoisted
up to the work area. Do not overreach, climb down and move the
ladder instead. Place ladder at the correct angle (1 in 4). Tie the
ladder off to secure object.
Question 9: Where possible avoid extended exposure between 11am and 3pm
when the U.V. hazard is at its peak. Place a neck protector under
your hard hat. Wear clothing made of closely knit material and shirts
that have long sleeves and collars. Regularly apply a 15+ sunblock
to exposed areas of skin. Can work be moved to shaded areas or
temporary screens provided?
Question 10: Slow down, hold on to railings, go up and down stairs and ladders
one at a time, wear non-slip footwear, watch where you are going,
make sure work areas are well lit, clean up greasy surfaces.
26
Additional Training Ideas
5
An important part of training is validation or in other words making sure that
personnel thoroughly understand the material covered in the programme.
As part of this validation process, photocopy the questionnaire (see page 24) and
provide a copy for personnel to complete.
Get personnel to carry out an inspection of their work areas on site for the types of
hazards highlighted in the programme. Provide personnel with a copy of the Key
Points Sheets for this purpose. Discuss ways to reduce these hazards and introduce
safeguards to regularly control these hazards in the future.
Are work routines creating manual handling or ergonomic problems for personnel?
Can these routines or work areas/layouts be altered to help minimize the risks?
Are personnel wearing appropriate P.P.E. which matches the hazards on site?
Discuss with personnel the need to assess the dangers which may confront them
in their work areas and how to go about choosing the correct P.P.E.
Electrical hazards should not be underestimated. Are personnel creating additional
hazards by wearing jewellery or working with unsafe equipment? Are effective
machine maintenance routines in place and are these being adhered to? Simulate
an electrical accident situation and get personnel to respond. Review the correct
responses with personnel.
Can chemical storage be improved? Are there any hazards inherent in the way
chemicals are being stored or used by personnel?
Correct manual handling techniques need to be practised by personnel. Using a
variety of common lifting situations, demonstrate to personnel correct lifting
techniques. Discuss the availability and suitability of mechanical lifting aids.
Are personnel aware of what to do in a fire emergency situation? Carry out a fire
evacuation drill and get personnel to note any problems which they may have
encountered.
Do personnel know where fire extinguishers and hose reels are located? Go over
basic extinguisher and fire hose use with personnel.
27
6
How to Improve Your
Training Session
Set Aims or Objectives
Before holding training sessions or commencing a safety programme, make sure
you have set some clear aims concerning what you want from the session and the
direction in which you want it to go. Write down your aims or objectives and make
them specific, clear and simple.
Your main aim should be to educate, involve, motivate and inspire the personnel
you are training.
Be Prepared
Research the particular safety and training area thoroughly. The better your grasp
of the subject matter the more interesting and dynamic the training session will be.
Before holding a training session make notes on the central issues raised in the
programme. Consider the range of attitudes that may exist in the workplace. Are
there any examples which can be shown to personnel? Read supportive material,
gather local knowledge and information, plan your training session details and
make prompt notes to keep you on the right track during the session.
Recent incidents should also be looked into for use as discussion points. Use
visual aids such as posters, brochures, overhead projections and wall charts even material from other companies can be helpful.
Stimulate Involvement
Make your training sessions as interactive as possible. Personnel will find such
sessions more interesting and they will be more receptive to new information if
they can be actively involved.
Encourage questions and pose problems. Draw on your own knowledge and
experience and that of your group. Sharing experiences and ideas will benefit
everyone. Also try to conduct your training sessions as a discussion rather than a
formal lesson.
28
Make it fun
Try making your safety meetings more fun. Although the subject matter is serious,
you need to give your meetings some lighter moments to keep your audience
stimulated.
Attitude
Your attitude to the material will have an important influence on the people you are
training. If you feel indifferent, then your personnel will most likely feel the same
way.
Keep motivated so that you get a high commitment to your aims from your
personnel.
Encourage
Find ways to praise and encourage your personnel during training sessions. Too
much criticism will cause your audience to be turned off.
If possible, try to find a way to develop a competition between personnel and
between departments. Can incentives be provided for improvements to the topic
of concern?
Reinforcement
At the end of your training session, test personnel on the main points that you have
covered (refer to “Training Questions”). Also, use a workplace inspection as a
vehicle for the group to display their knowledge and commitment to the topic.
29
7
Developing an Effective
Training Programme
A. Preliminary Considerations
1. Identify training needs.
One of the first steps to developing an effective training programme is to identify
where there are gaps in personnel knowledge and training and where there is a
need for ongoing training.
When you have done this you will be able to assess what training should be
undertaken as a matter of priority. Also, link similar training together so as to make
that training more effective. Try to fit health and safety training together with other
specific skills training in your workplace. It is important to reinforce safety at every
stage of the training process.
2. Are there any legal requirements?
Another preliminary step is to find out what training is required by law in your
workplace. For example, legal requirements for certification when working with
specific plant and equipment may be necessary.
For training to be effective it should relate to the responsibilities that personnel
have been given.
The level of training must also be appropriate to an individual’s language, skill,
culture, literacy levels and general ability.
Keep training records of:
• Training needs for each job
• What training individual personnel have received
• How effective the training programme has been to date
30
B. Plan the Programme
When planning your training programme you need to consider:
1. What you want to achieve.
List the broad aims of your training programme.
2. When you want to achieve it by.
Your training plan should include a broad timetable for at least the next 12 months.
Priorities should also be set within this timetable. For example new personnel or
training for high risk areas of the workplace may be given priority. In setting the
timetable you also need to take into account the work schedules of your workplace
and personnel. There is no point in organising training for personnel only to find
out they cannot be released from duties at the designated training time.
3. Who will conduct the training?
You need to work out who is responsible for different types of training. For example
supervisors will generally be responsible for on-the-job training.
4. Training records.
Training records should include details of:
• Who has been trained
• What the training course covered
• When the training course was held
• Who provided the training
5. How you will assess the effectiveness of the training?
Refer to section D: Assess the training.
31
C. Provide the Training
Having identified the training needs of your organization you should then decide
what has to be covered in a course or training session to meet the identified training
needs.
It is also a good idea to inform the work force about the training programme. Time
for training must also be built into personnel work programmes.
The room where training is carried out should be free from distraction and be
adequately equipped (overhead projector, video/DVD player, computer(s),
whiteboard etc.) Training aids like these can be hired if necessary.
D. Assess the Training
Evaluation is an essential part of the training cycle:
• Start with aims you had at the beginning
• Determine relevant measures of effectiveness
• Collect information on these measures
• Analyse the information and work out where changes need to be made to
the training plan
• Rework your plan and put the changes into effect
If you consider that there is a need for change to your training programme make a
point of reviewing the:
• Training needs of the personnel
• Aims of the programme and individual courses
• Type of course
• Trainer/s
• Course content
• Timetable
• Facilities
32
V
Australia
AUS 1102
O
New Zealand
C
Asia
United Kingdom
A
Ireland
M
Germany
USA

Construction Safety Essentials

Transcription

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