nr.1 2013
Transcription
nr.1 2013
CONTENTS Case and cornrnent Rejection of documents tendered under a letter of credit (Fortis Bank v lndian Overseas Bank) Reconsidering White (5 Carter v McGregor (The Aquafoith) Unjust enrichment in a parallel universe? Restitution oftax, limitation and European law (FIl v IRC) A comprornise of principle? (lTS v Noble) Rethinking the signature rule (Als Memasa v UBS) In for a penny, in for a pound (Rubin v Eurofinanee; Netu Cap Reinsurance v Grant) The law governing arbitration agreements in England (Sulamerica vEnesa) Validity of a notice served under contractual rights reserved (Ener-G Holdings v Hormell) Articles 30 years before the mast THE HON SIR BERNARD EDER What is a "ship" under the 1952 Arrest Convention? SIMON Territory in the Rome I and Rome 11Regulations PROFESSOR RAINEY QC ANDREW DICKINSON Book reviews Hodges: Consumer ADR in Europe Barnett: Accounting for Profit for Breach of Contract: Theory and Practice Part 1, February 2013 [2013] LMCLQI-136 LLOYD'S MARITIME AND COMMERCIAL LAW QUARTERLY CONTENTS Case and conunent Rejection of documents tendered under a letter of credit (Fortis Bank v lndian Overseas Bank) Reconsidering White f5 Carter v McGregor (The Aquafoith) 5 Unjust enrichment in a parallel universe? Restitution of tax, limitation and European law /lA great legal resource d m and one of our first ports of cal! for legal research..:' EG Arghyrakis & Co, London (PIl 11 v lRC) A compromise of principle? (lTS v Noble) Rethinking the signature rule (Als Memasa v UBS) In for a penny, in for a pound (Rubin v Eurofinanee; Neto Cap Reinsurance v Grant) The law governing arbitration agreements in England (Sulamerica vEnesa) 17 21 26 31 Validity of a notice served under contractual rights reserved (Ener-G Holdings v Hormell) 35 Articles 30 years before the mast The Hon Sir Bernard Eder he latest news, or to in-depth research Simon Rainey QC on www.shippingandtradelaw.com. Search"Maritime Legal" 50 Territory in the Rome I and Rome II Regulations Professor Andrew Dickinson Book reviews Hodges: Consumer ADR in Europe Barnett: Accounting for Profit for Breach of Contract: Theory and Practice egal 42 What is a "ship" under the 1952 Arrest Convention? 86 133 134 Table of Cases utors hould retain a copy. th top of the ürst page s should be typeda~f a~ Artic\e, the author's r Commenl), men: . hort AbstraCI (of na s should then contalhna s d of Comments and should be siated at teen foHowing and other matters of dance on the n A4 paper on one side of the page only, with h Id pear in a footnote present position s o~ of a: Comment or Baak Artic\e or at the en blic lecture) or t an Artic\e (eg that r'~:ea~~i~~e should appear oncermng the texi 0 AH f tnoles should be typed I but in footnOtes. 00 added or deleled, aH ely (so, if any footnOle IS . ade. olherwise, references in Book ference IS m , text. nol as fO~lnoles. and specific references its media-neutr~ ~;Ia~~rerences sbould be 10 the so, wbere avai a e, er 10 the Weekly Law din the Law Reports prop din Lloyd's Reports fficialEnglish law ;eports ~n2 [20011 UKHL 44; Scot/and nc» Erndge ~ilaJe, citations should, al English clla\1on IS':~C) The nominale report Lloyd's Reports, I? wh~n Ihe English Reports ept on tbe ~S)Ic~a~~n~ase of overseas cases, it is 128 (Adm I.. in overseas reports, eg on in parenthe~~0[~~~.(t972) 32 OLR (3d) 571; lelis) [19741 Sf' bi 10 the media neutral to a single senes-pre era Dnion cases should be in both places). E~iohea;hiP Macie} Rara} (Case Tatry V Owners oJ t e 51 1 Lloyd's Rep 302. om The Macie) Rara{i~9 given in ful], preferably of an aulhonty shou e of the snip, if any, or form (partlcularly the na(bUI not generaHy) a list used. In appropnakledc~~~~nole(see Note 7) and the ded to the aSlens e citation in abbreviated farm. in 10 append 10 the d ' .d d eg Norwich tjnion. in which me case was eCI e , p 55 (NSW PC). er tney should normaHy abbreviated form. Hokwrl" '[197411 Lloyd's Rep nee. eg The 10annLS Das a e IS . I . inverted comtnas; joumal name; title of Amc ~ mld be cited in the foHowi~g 9931RLR 3. Books s ou , name: utle of baak in foHowedby origin~1 aU~~~ti~ns ar~ 10 be repeated); s in parenthesIs, w er~ the Conflict of Laws. 10th ris (ed.), Dicey & Momson 0 coHections of papers JO. lndividual contnbUCI10nStproof (lnd punishment: of CFH Tapper (ed.), nme, . " " ir." or "loc. cit." bul, eg: supra, fn.4; ", "post , op. Cl. , . . . where made, should if posslble epi to a mlmmum and, . or the nearesl footnote mng printing) bul by Ihe secUon style grarnmar, Puncluation etc. . t The accuracy 0 f th e re s~bmission of the typescrIP . inor. Abuja International Hotels Ltd v Meridien SAS [2012] EWHC 87 (Comm); [2012] 1 Lloyd's ~J......................................... Rep ..........•................•..............•.........•..•.....•.....•.....•...... Ace Tnsurance Ltd v Moose Enterprise Pty [2009] NSWSC 724 Achilleas, The [2009] 1 AC 61 (HL) Adarns v Adams [1971] P 188 Adarns v Cape Industries Plc [1990] Ch 453 Addison v Oenholm Ship Management (UK) Ltd [1997]ICR 770 AEG (UK) Ltd v Logic Resource Ltd [1996] CLC 265 Aggeliki Charis CNSA v Pagnan SpA (The Angelic Grace) [1995] I Lloyd's Rep 87 (CA) Akai Pty Ltd v People's Insurance Co Ltd [1998] I Lloyd's Rep 90 Akande v Balfour Beatty Construction Ltd [1998] IL Pr I 10 Alaskan Trader, The [1983] 2 Lloyd's Rep 645 6-10 Alecos M, The [199 J] 1 Lloyd' s Rep 120 . Aliakmon, The [1986] AC 785 (HL) Allianz SpA v West Tankers Inc (The Front Comor) (Case C-185/07) [2009] ECR 1-663; [2009] 1 AC 1138; [2009] 1 Lloyd's Rep 413 . Allied Carpets Group P1c v Nethercott [2001] BCC 81 . Als Memasa v UBS AG [2012] SGCA 43 . Amministrazione delle Finanze dello Stato v SpA San Giorgio (Case 199/82) ECR 3595 . Amylum v Council (Case 108/81) [1982] ECR 3107 . Andalusian. The (1878) LR 3 PD 182 . Angelic Grace, The [1995] 1 Lloyd's Rep 87 (CA) see Aggeliki Charis CNSA v Pagnan SpA Antaois [1985] AC 191 (HL) Apostolides v Orams (Case C-420/07) [2009] ECR 1-3571 89,90,93, Athanasia Comninos, The [1990] I Lloyd's Rep 277 . Attorney-General (UK) v Heinemann Publishers Australia Pty Ltd (1989) 165 CLR 30 Bank of Credit and Commerce International SA v Ali [2001] UKHL 8; [2002] 1 AC 251 Bankers Trust Co v State Bank of India [1991] 1 Lloyd's Rep 587 Base Metal Trading v Shamurin [2004] EWCA Civ 1316; [2005] 1 WLR 1157 Basse and Selve v Bank of Australasia (1904) 90 LT 618 Berge Sisar, The [2002] 2 AC 205 (HL) Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd v Sharnil Bank of Bahrain EC [2004] EWCA Civ 19; [2004] 1 WLR 1784 Bijela, The [1994] 1 WLR 615 (HL) Blunden v Commonwealth [2003] HCA 73; 218 CLR 330 Blunden v Frogmore Investrnents Ltd [2003] 2 P&CR 6 British Arab Commercial Bank P1c v The National Transitional Council of the State of Libya [2011] EWHC 2274 (Comrn) Buchanan Ltd v McVey [1955] AC 516n Cv 0 [2007] EWCA Civ 1282; [2008] 1 Lloyd's Rep 239 Caglar v Billingham (Inspector of Taxes) [1986] STC 150 Cambridge Gas Transportation Corp v Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors Holdings P1c [2006] UKPC 26; [2007] 1 AC 508 Capricorn Greenland Exploration I Limited v Stichting Phoenix (LJN:BQ7690) Carl Zeiss Stiftung v Rayner & Keeler Ltd [1967] 1 AC 853 Carradine Properties Ltd v Aslam [1976] I WLR 442 Chartbrook Ltd v Persimmon Homes Ltd [2009] UKHL 38; [2009] AC 1101 43,44 19 21 17 95 57-63 42,48 108, II1 43 27 39 5 97 5 43 100 43 127 40 110 27 32-35 passim 104 of Navigator 26,27,30 126 103, 106, 111 36 39 Page numbers in bold type indicate where the details of a particular case are examined. Vll TI 130 43, 49 105 28 75,76 24, 25 44,45 28 28 passim 6 42 viii LLOYD'S MARITIME AND COMMERCIAL LAW QUARTERLY Chen Li Hung v Ting Lei Miao [2000] 1 HKLRD 252; (2000) 3 HKCFAR 9 104, 106, 117 Chikuma, The [1981] I WLR 314 42,45 Child Poverty Action Group v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions [2010] UKSC 43; [2011]2 AC 15 11, 16 Chung Chi Cheung v The King [1930] AC 160 127 Civil Aeronautics Administration v Singapore Airlines Ltd [2004] SGCA 3; [2004] 1 SLR 570; [2004] 5 LRC 154 104 Commission v Parliament and Council (Case C-178/03) [2006] ECR 1-107 95 Consmat Singapore (Pte) Ltd v Bank of America National Trust & Savings Association [1992] SGHC 146; [1992] 2 SLR (R) 195 25 Cremdean Properties v Nash [1977] 244 EG 547 23 Curtis v Chemical Cleaning and Dyeing Co [1951] 1 KB 805 24 DFDS Torli~e AlS v SEKO Sjöfolk Facker för Service och Kommunikation (Case C-18/02) [2004] 127 ECR 1-1417 . Deutsche Morgan Grenfell Group v IRC [2006] UKHL 49; [2007] AC 558 . 11, 13 25 Do-Buy 925 Ltd v National Westminster Bank Plc [2010] EWHC 2852 (QB); [2010] AH ER (D) 231 . Dolphin Maritime & Aviation Services Ltd v Sveriges Angfartygs Assurans Forening [2009] EWHC 125 716 (Comm); [2009] 2 Lloyd's Rep 123 . 124 Domierest Ltd v Swiss Bank Corp [1999] QB 548 . Dominique, The [1989] AC 1056 (HL) . 43, 48 Drouot Assurances SAS v Consolidated Metallurgical Industries (Case 351/96) ECR 1-3075; [1999] QB 497; [1999] Lloyd's Rep IR 338 (ECJ) 43 Dumez France SA v Hessische Landesbank (Case C-220/88) [1990] ECR 1-49 124 Dynamic, The [2003] 2 Lloyd's Rep 693 6-10 passim eDate Advertising GmbH v X and Martinez v MGN Ltd (Joined Cases C-509/09 and C-161/1O) (Judgment of 25 October 2011) 125 Electrosteel Europe SA v Edil Centro SpA (Case C-87/10) (Judgrnent of 9 June 2011) 125 Emin v Yeldag [2002] 1 FLR 956 104, 105 Ernployers' Liability Insurance "Trigger" Litigation: BAl (Run Off) Limited v Durham [2012] UKSC 14; [2012] ICR 574; [2012] Lloyd's Rep IR 371 124 ENE Kos Ltd v Petroleo Brasileiro SA (The Kos) [2012] UKSC 17; [2012] 2 WLR 976; [2012] 2 Lloyd's Rep 292 43, 45 Ener-G Holdings Plc v Hormell [2012] EWCA Civ 1059 35 English Scottish and Australian Bank Ltd v Bank of South Africa (1922) I Ll L Rep 21 4 Equatorial Guinea v Royal Bank of Scotland International [2006] UKPC 7; [2005-06] GLR 373 27 Equitable Trust Co of New York v Dawson Partners Ltd (1927) 27 Ll L Rep 49 2,4 European and Australian Royal Mail Co v P&O Steam Navigation Co (1864) 14 LT 704 55,67, 82-84 Fanti, The and The Padre 1sland [1991] 2 AC I (HL) Ferguson, Ex parte, (1871) LR 6 QB 280 Flanders Harmony, The, Juge des Saisies of Dendermonde: Order of 20 Sept 1982 Fletcher Steel v The Unnamed Double Ended Gravel Dredge (27 July 1988) Unreported (NZHC) Football Cataco Ltd v Sportradar GmbH (Case C-173/11) (Judgment of 18 October 2012) Forestall Mimosa Ltd v Oriental Credit Ltd [1986] 1 WLR 631 Fortis Bank v Indian Overseas Bank [2011] EWCA Civ 58; [2011] 2 Lloyd's Rep 33 Franked Investment Income Group Litigation (Test Claimants in the) vinland Revenue Commissioners [2012] UKSC 19; [2012] Bus LR 1033; [2012] 2 WLR 1149 Front Comor, The, see Allianz SpA v West Tankers Inc . . . . . . . 43 54,65 63 61 125 2 1 . 11 Gan Insurance Co Ltd v Tai Ping Insurance Co Ltd [1999] 2 All ER (Comrn) 54 . Gas Float Whitton No 2, The, see Wells v The Owners of the Gas Float Whitton Giannis NK, The [1998] AC 605 (HL) . Global Marine Drilling Co v Triton Holdings Ltd (The Sovereign Explorer) (23 November 1999) Unreported CS OH) . Global Partners Fund Ltd v Babcock & Brown Ltd (in liq) [2010] NSWCA 196; (2010) 79 ACSR 383 . Golden Strait Corp v Nippon Yusen Kubishika Kaisha (The Golden Victory) [2007] UKHL 12; [2007] 2 AC 353; [2007] Bus LR 997; [2007] 2 Lloyd's Rep 164 . Golden Victory, The, see Golden Strait Corp v Nippon Yusen Kubishika Kaisha ll5 43 76 30 45 Gur Corp v Trust Halpern v Halpem Harnlyn & Co v T: Hanazalis v Court Harlow, The [1922 Hesperides Hotels HlH Casualty & G! 2 All ER (CO Hill Harmony, The Hillside (New Med Hing Yip Fat Co L Homawoo v GMF t Hounslow LBC v 1 Howard v Pickford ICDL GCC Founda 343 . Independent Boat B Independent Trustel 597 . Interfoto Picture Li International Tank Investors Cornpens 896 . Isabella Shipowner S J Spurling Ltd v Br' Jacques v Lloyd D James (An Insolven Jervis v Harris [199 Jurong Shipyard Pte Kastor Too, The [2 Kinch v Bullard [I~ Kleinwort Benson v Komninos S, The [I Kos, The, see ENE Kredietbank Antwerj Kumagai-Zenecon C~ Kuwait Airways Co AC 883 . Kyzikos, The [1989] L'Estrange v F Graud Lee Chee Wei v Tan Lipkin Gorman v K Lipohar v The Queen Ups, The [1988] AC Littlewoods Retail Lt( Lloyd v Registrar of l Loizidou v Turkey [I! Lorentzen v Lydden & Lucasfilm Ltd v Ains Mac, The (1882) 7 PD McKain v RW Miller Maclaine Watson & Malas (Hamzeh) & C Mandarin Star, The, Sf Page nurnbers in bold type indicate where the details of a particular case are exarnined. Page numbè 104 , 106, 42 117 45 AR 9 ix TABLE OF CASES LAW QUARTERLY [ïöïöïuKSC'43:"[ïöïïï'i'Aë .................................... Gur Corp v Trust Bank of Africa Ltd [1987] QB 599 HaIpern v Halpern [2007] EWCA Civ 291; [2007] 2 Lloyd's Rep 56 100 Hamlyn & Co v TaIisker Distillery [1984] AC 202 35 HanazaIis v Court of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate, HC 171/68, 23(1) PD 260 (SC of Israel) 121 Harlow, The [1922] P 175 68 Hesperides Hotels Ltd v Aegean Turkish Holidays Ltd [1978] QB 205 104-106 passim HIH CasuaIty & General Insurance Ltd v New Hampshire Insurance Co [2001] EWCA Civ 735; [2001] 2 AU ER (Cornrn) 39 25 Hili Harmony, The [2001] 1 AC 638 (HL) 43 Hillside (New Media) Ltd v Baasland [2010] EWHC 3336 (Comm); [2010] 2 CLC 986.................... 125 Hing Yip Fat Co Ltd v Daiwa Bank [1991] 2 HK 35 3 - Homawoo v GMF Assurances SA (Case C-412/10) [2012] EWHC 1941 (QB); [2011] IL Pr 12 91-92,105, 124 6, 7 Hounslow LBC v Twickenham Garden Developments [1071] Ch 233 . Howard v Pickford Tooi Co Ltd [1951] 1 KB 417 . 6 11', 16 127 104 95 .................................. 1-107 ·································· . gs Association [1992] SGHC 25 23 24 ..................................... ......................•.................. ........................................... 'kation (Case C·18/02) [2004] ................................... C 558 . (QB); [2010] AHER (D) 231 . surans Forening [2009] EWHC ................................................ ................................... ..;~'3sÏï96j' EëR'Ï~3Ö75:'"[ï999j ......................................... 127 11, 13 25 ICDL GCC Foundation FZ-LLC v European Computer Driving Licence Foundation Ltd [2011] IEHC 343 . Independent Boat Builders v the Unnamed Ship (1996) PRNZ 670 . Independent Trustee Services Ltd v GP Noble Trustees Ltd [2012] EWCA Civ 195; [2012] 3 WLR 597 . Interfoto Picture Library Ltd v Stiletto Visual Programmes Ltd [1989] I QB 433 . International Tank & Pipe SAK v Kuwait Fuelling Co KSG [1975] QB 224 . Investors Compensation Scheme Ltd v West Bromwich Building Soc [1997] UKHL 28; [1998]1 WLR 896 . Isabella Shipowner SA v Shagang Shipping Co Ltd (The Aquafaith) [2012] EWHC 1077 (Comm) . 125 124 43,48 43 124 passim :::::·.·.:·.::·.·.·.::··~io ] ECR I~49.:::·.::::·.· •• 101 Cases C-509/09 and C-161/1O) 125 ...... 125 nt of 9 Iune 2011) . ....................................................... 104, 105 Limited v Durham [2012] UKSC 124 43,45 35 4 (1922) I Ll L Rep 21 27 UKPC 7; [2005-06] GLR 373 2 4 7 Ll L Rep 49 ' '84 n Co (1864) 14 LT 704 55, 67, 82- 17 24, 25 32 36, 39 5 . . . . . 24 24 104 Kastor Too, The [2004] 2 Lloyd's Rep 119 (CA) . Kinch v Bullard [1999] 1 WLR 423 . Kleinwort Benson v Lincoln City Council [1999] 2 AC 349 . Komninos S, The [1991] 1 Lloyd's Rep 370 . Kos, The, see ENE Kos Ltd v Petrol eo Brasileiro SA Kredietbank Antwerp v Midland Bank Plc [1999] Lloyd's Rep Bank 219 . Kumagai-Zenecon Consttuction Pte Ltd v Arab Bank Ltd [1997]2 SLR 805; aff'd [1997]3 SLR 770 . Kuwait Airways Corp v Iraqi Airways Co [2001]1 Lloyd's Rep 161 (CA); [2002] UKHL 19; [2002] AC 883 . Kyzikos, The [1989] AC 1264 (HL) . 43 41 11 130 109 42, 48 L'Estrange v F Graucob Ltd [1934] 2 KB 394 Lee Chee Wei v Tan Hor Peow Victor [2007] SGCA 22; [2007] 3 SLR(R) 537 Lipkin Gorman v Karpnale [1991] 2 AC 548 Lipohar v The Queen [1999] HCA 65; 200 CLR 485 Lips, The [1988] AC 395 (HL) Littlewoods Retail Ltd and Others v HMRC (Case C-591/10) [2012] EUECJ C-591/10 Lloyd v Registrar of Ships [1989] NZLR 586 Loizidou v Turkey [1997] 23 AHRR 513 Lorentzen v Lydden & Co Ltd [1942] 2 KB 202 Lucasfilm Ltd v Ainsworth [2011] UKSC 39; [2012] 1 AC 208 24 22, 23 20 110 43 16, 17 60-62 108 28 109 J Spurling Ltd v Bradshaw [1956] 1 WLR 461 Jacques v Lloyd D George & Partners Ltd [1968] 1 WLR 625 Jarnes (An Insolvent), Re, [1977] Ch 41 Jervis v Harris [1996] Ch 195 (CA) Jurong Sbipyard Pte Ltd v BNP Paribas [2008] SGHC 86; [2008] 4 SLR(R) 33 ï7';"[ïö'iïï'ï"w"LR'976';"[ïÖïïï'ï 129 60-64 6 22 .............................. ......................................... 43 ............................................. 54.65 ~··;f·ïö··s~~;·ï98ï":::::::·.::::·.::::·.:::::::::: ~i July 1988) Unreported (NZHC) ent of 18 October 2012) . 12~ iïïï·Li;~d;~··R~~··3·3··:::·.·.:·.::·:::·.· ..::·.::·.... e) vinland Revenue Commlssloners 49 IER (Comm) 54 as Float Whitton . . 1 11 115 43 ···i~;;··Ë;;i~;~·~ï·(23··N~~~~b~~··ï999) 76 ö'ïoï'NS'wêÄ'ï96';"(2ö'iö)'79"Aës"~ 30 "'~~"Vi'~~~'~)'[2ÖÖ7i'UKHL'ï2";'"[iöÖ7j 45 ............................................................ ils of a particular case are examined. 2 2 Mac, The (1882) 7 PD 126; 4 Asp MLC 555 (CA) McKain v RW Miller & Co [1991] HCA 56; 174 CLR 1 Mac1aine Watson & Co Ltd v Council and Commis sion (Case C/241/87) [1990] ECR 1-1797 Malas (Hamzeh) & Co v British Imex Industries [1958] 2 QB 127 Mandarin Star, The, see Nishina Trading Co Ltd v Chiyoda Fire and Marine Ins Co Ltd . . . . . . . . . . 66, 68, 73, 75 110 109 4 Page numbers in bold type indicate where the details of a particular case are examined. x LLOYD'S MARITIME AND COMMERCIAL LAW QUARTERLY Mannai LId v Eagle Star Association Co LId [1997] AC 749 36 Maple Leaf Macro Volatility Master Fund v Rouvroy [2009] EWHC 256 (Comm); [2009] 1 Lloyd's Rep 475 124 Mareva CNSA v International Bulkcarriers SA (The Mareva) [1975] 2 Lloyd's Rep 509 (CA) 46 Marinari v Lloyds Bank Plc (Case C-364/93) [1995] ECR 1-2719 124 Marks & Spencer Plc v Commissioners of Cu stoms & Excise (Case C-62/00) [2000] ECR 1-6325; [2003] QB 866 15 Marleasing SA v La Comercial Intemacional de Alimentación SA (Case C-J06/89) [1990] ECR 1-4135 16 Marques de Bolarque, The [1984] 1 Lloyd's Rep 652 32 Mbasogo v Logo LId [2007] EWCA Civ 1370; [2007] QB 846 27 Merchants Marine lnsurance Co LId v North of England P&I Assn (1926) 26 LI L Rep 201 51,68,70,75, 85 Metallgesellschaft Ltd v IRC (Joined Cases C-397/98 and C-4JO/98) [2001] ECR 1-1727; [2001] Ch 620 11 Ministry of Health v Simpson [1948] Ch 465 20 Ministry of Sound (Ireland) Ltd v World Online Ltd [2003] EWHC 2178 (Ch) _.................. 6, 10 Mirador International LLC v MF Global UK LId [2012] EWCA Civ 1662.......................................... 39 Missouri Steamship Co, Re (1889) LR 42 Ch D 321 35 Monro v HMRC [2008] EWCA Civ 306; [2009] Ch 69 16 Moti v The Queen [2011] HCA 50; 283 ALR 293 IlO Murthy v Sivasjothi [1999] 1 WLR 467 29 Musawi v RE International (UK) Ltd [2007] EWHC 2981; [2007] ArbLR 43 100 Namibia (South West Africa) (1971) ICJ Reports 16 103-108 passim National Westminster Bank Ltd v Betchworth Investments LId [1975] I EGLR 57 40 Neilson v Overseas Projects Corp of Victoria LId [2005] HCA 54; 223 CLR 334 94 Nema, The, see Pioneer Shipping Ltd v BTP Tioxide LId New Cap Reinsurance Corp v Grant [2011] EWCA Civ 971; [2012] 2 WLR 1095 26 Newborough v Jones [1975] Ch 90 40 Nicholas H, The [1996] I AC 211 (HL) 43 Niedersachsen, The, see Ninemia Maritime Corp v Trave Schiffahrts GmbH Ninemia Maritime Corp v Trave Schiffahrts GmbH (The Niedersachsenï [1983] 2 Lloyd's Rep 600 (CA) 42, 46, 47 Nippon Yusen Kaisha v Karageorgis [1975] I WLR 1093 (CA) 46 Nishina Trading Co Ltd v Chiyoda Fire and Marine Ins Co Ltd (The Mandarin Star) [1969]2 QB 449 47 North Goodwin No 16, The [1980] I L1oyd's Rep 71 67,77 North Sea Continental Shelf Case [1969] ICJ Rep 3 126 O'Driscoll v J Ray McDermott SA [2006] WASCA 25 94 Ocean Chemical Transport Inc v Exnor Craggs Ltd [2000] 1 L1oyd's Rep 446 24 Oceanbulk Shipping & Trading SA v TMT Asic Ltd [2010] 3 WLR 1424 (SC) 43 Odenfeld, The [1978] 2 L1oyd's Rep 357 6--10 passim Orient Centre Investrnents Ltd v Société Générale [2007] SGCA 24; [2007] 3 SLR(R) 566 22 Oversea-Chinese Banking Corp Ltd v Frankel Motor Pte LId [2009] SGHC 76; [2009] 3 SLR(R) 623 SGHC 25 Owusu v Jackson (Case C-281/02) [2005] ECR 1-1383 89, 93 Parker v South Eastern Railway Co (1877) 2 CPD 416 24 Parliament v Council (Case C-155/07) ECR 1-8103 .....................................•.......................................... 95 Parliament v Council (Case C-166/07) [2009] ECR 1-7135 95 PEC Ltd Thai Mapam Trading Co LId [2011] EWHC 3306 (Comm) 36 Peekay Intermark Ltd v ANZ Banking Group Ltd [2006] EWCA Civ 386; [2006]2 L1oyd's Rep 511 23 Peer International Corp v Termidor Music Publishers LId [2003] EWCA Civ 1156; [2004] Ch 212 28 Perks v Clark [2001] EWCA Civ 1228; [200l] WLR 17; [2001] 2 L1oyd's Rep 431 .... 55,74,78-85 passim Peterson Farms Inc v C&M Farming LId [2004] EWHC 121 (Cornm); [2004] 1 Lloyd's Rep 603 32 Phillips-Higgins v Harper [1954]1 QB 411 14 Pilcher v Rawlins (1872) LR 7 Ch App 259 20 Pioneer Container, The [1994] 2 AC 324 lIS Pioneer Shipping LId v BTP Tioxide LId (The Nema) [1982] AC 724 (HL) 42-47 passim Pioneer Shipping LId v BTP Tioxide LId (The Nema) (No 2) [1981] 2 Lloyd' s Rep 239 (HL) 43-47 passim Page numbers in bold type indicate where the details of a particular case are examined. TABLE ~w QUARTERLY Polpen Shipping Co Ltd v Commercial Union Assurance Co Ltd [1943] KB 161 70 Popi M, The [1985] I WLR 948 (HL) 42 Press Automation Technology Pte Ltd v Trans-Link Exhibition Forwarding Pte Ltd [2002] SGHC 286; [2003] 1 SLR (R) 712 25 Public Works Commissioner v Hills [1906] AC 368 8 Puerto Buitrago, The [1976] 1 Lloyd's Rep 250 (CA) 6-10 passim 36 ..•..•..••..•..••..•..••..••..•..•. (ë~~);[2009] 1 Lloyd's .................... ....................... byd's Rep 509 (CA) . 124 46 124 ............................. i2iööi''[2000] ECR 1-6325; ~~··'ë:ïÖ6ï89)··[ï99Öi··EëR 15 Queen v Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, ex parte SP Anastasiou C-432/92) ECR 1-3087 Queen v St John Ship Building and Dry Doek Co [1981] 126 DLR (3rd) 353 16 32 ................................ 27 6'LiL'R~~2Ö·ï:::::::·.:::··sï·:·68, 70, 75, 85 ............................................. Ol] ECR 1-1727; [2001] Ch .............................................. .............................................. I(Ch) . .2 . ............................ ....................................... ........................................... ,. ............................................. 43 .......................... . ............................................... ~~ 40 43 bH ) [1983] 2 Lloyd's Rep 600 .............................. 42, 46, 47 46 ··~i~s~~·;i[ï969ï2·QB'449·::: 47 ...................... 67,77 ::::::::::::::::::::::::........................ 126 94 ................................................ ep 446 24 (SC) . ............................ 6-10 passim 'ÖÖ:;ï'3"SLR(R) 566 22 HC 76; [2009] 3 SLR(R) 623 25 ................................................. 89, 93 ................................................. !~ .......................................... ........................................... ................................................. 24 95 95 36 ............................................ . [2006]2 Lloyd's Rep 511 .... 23 èivI156;[2004]Ch212........ 28 yd's Rep 431 .... 55,74,78-85 passim . [2004] 1 Lloyd's Rep 603 .... 32 , 14 ............................................... 20 ................................................... 115 ............................ 42-47 passim oyd's Rep 239 (HL) 43-47 passim ·'CBi)··:::::::::: particular case are exarnined. 118 73 80 43,54, 55,79-80 lOl, 104 43 R (Yollari) v Secretary of State for Transport [2010] EWCA Civ 1093; [2011] I Lloyd's Rep 274 Raffaela S, The [2005] 2 AC 423 (HL) Raiffeisen Zentralbank Österreich AG v Royal Bank of Scotland P1c [2010] EWHC 1392 (Comm); [2011] 1 Lloyd's Rep 123 . Rainy Sky SA v Kookmin Bank [2011] UKSC 50; [2012] Bus LR 313; [2012] 1 Lloyd's Rep 34 . Robertson, Ex p, in re Morton (1875) LR 20 Eq 733 . Rubin v Eurofinance SA [2010] EWCA Civ 895; [2011] Ch 133; noted [2010] LMCLQ 523 . Rubin v Eurofinance SA; New Cap Reinsurance Corp (in liq) v Grant (joined cases) [2012] UKSC 46 . 11 20 6,10 39 35 16 110 29 100 26 ............................................... (Pissouri) Ltd (Case R v Carrick District Council, ex p Prankerd (The Winnie Rigg) [1998] 2 Lloyd's Rep 675 R v Goodwin [2005] EWCA Crim 3184; [2006]1 WLR 546; [2006]1 Lloyd's Rep 432 (CA (Crim) ...... 103-108 passim E~~3~7.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: xi OF CASES SA Roquette Frères v Council (Case 110/81) [1982] ECR 3159 . Saga Cob, The [1992] 2 Lloyd's Rep 545 (CA) . St John Pilot Commissioners v Cumberland Ry & Coal Co [1910] AC 208 . Salem, The, see Shell International Petroleum Co Ltd v Gibbs Salemink v Raad van bestuur van het Uitvoeringsinstituut werknemersverzekeringen (Case C-347/lO) (Judgment of 17 January 2012) . Saunders v Anglia Building Society [1971] AC 1004 . Seaconsar (Far East) Ltd v Bank Markazi [1993] I Lloyd's Rep 236 . Serangoon Garden Estate Ltd v Marian Chye (1959) 25 MLJ 113 . Sharpley v Manby [1942] 1 KB 217 . Shashoua v Sharma [2009] EWHC 957 (Comm); [2009] 2 Lloyd's Rep 376 . Shell International Petroleum Co Ltd v Gibbs (The Salem) [1983] 2 AC 375 . Sierra Leone Telecommunications Co Ltd v Barc1ays Bank P1c [1998] 2 All ER 821 (CA) . Simona, The [1989] AC 788 (HL) . Sirius International Ins Co v FAl General lns Co Ltd [2004] UKHL 54; [2004] 1 WLR 3251 . Smith v Eric S Bush [1990] I AC 831 . Soc Eram Shipping Co Ltd v Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corp Ltd [2003] UKHL 30; [2004] 1 AC 260 Softly, Re, ex p Hodgkin (1875) LR 20 Eq 746 58, Sokoloff v National City Bank (1924) 145 NE 917 Somalia (Republic of) v Woodhouse, Drake and Carey (Suisse) SA [1993] QB 54 Sonatrach Pertroleum Corp v Ferrell International Ltd [2001] EWHC 481 (Comm); [2002] 1 AU ER (Comm) 627 Soon Kok Tiang and others v DBS Bank Ltd [2011] SGCA 55; [2012] 1 SLR 397 Springwell Navigation Corp v JP Morgan Chase Bank [2010] EWCA Civ 1221; [2010]2 CLC 705 Star Sea, The [2003] 1 AC 469 (HL) Starsin, The [2004] 1 AC 715 (AC) Steedman v Scofield [1992] 2 Lloyd's Rep 163 74, Stylo Shoes Ltd v Prices Tailors Ltd [1960 I Ch 396 Sulamerica Cia Nacional de Seguros SA v Enesa Engenharia SA [2012] EWCA Civ 638; [2012] 1 Lloyd's Rep 671 Sumitomo Heavy Industries Ltd v Oil and Natural Gas Comrnission [1994] 1 Lloyd's Rep 45 Svenska Petroleum Exploration AB v Government of the Republic of Lithuania (No 2) [2005] EWHC 2437 (Comm); [2006] 1 Lloyd's Rep 181 . Tanham v Nicholson (1872) LR 5 HL 561 Texaco Melbourne [1994] 1 Lloyd's Rep 473 (HL) Thomton v Shoe Lane Parking Ltd [1971] 2 QB 163 Page numbers in bold type indicate where tbe details of a particular case are exarnined. . . . 23 43,49 29 26 26 95 43 68 126 25 3 24 39 32 42,47 110 43 36, 47 23 27 60, 61 103 110 32, 33 21 23 43 43 77, 79 39 32 32, 33 32 39 43, 46 24 Xll LLOYD'S MARITIME AND COMMERCIAL LAW QUARTERLY Timex v Council (Case C-264/82) [1985] ECR 849 Titan Steel Wheels Ltd v Royal Bank of Scotland [2010] EWHC (Comrn); [2010]2 Lloyd's Rep 92 Tilden Rent-A-Car Co v Clendenning (1989) 83 DLR (3d) 400 (Ont CA) Titan, The (1922) 14 Ll L Rep 484 Toju Maru, The [1972] 1 AC 242 ".................... Trade Agency Ltd v Seramico Investments Ltd (Case C-619/JO) (Judgment of 26 April 2012) Tucker v Alexandroff (1902) 183 US 424; 22 S Ct 195 95 23 24 68 98 106 56 Underhill v Hernandez (1897) 168 US 250 Union of India v McDonnell Douglas Corp [1993] 2 Lloyd's Rep 48 United States v Insurance Companies (1874) 89 US 99 Upcerne, The [1912] P 160 Uptight v Mercury Business Machines (1961) 13 App Div 2d 36; 213 NY 2d 417 109 32 103 67 103 Valentines Property Ltd v Huntco Corp Ltd [2001] UKPC 14; [2001] 3 NZLR 305 Von Rocks, The [1998] 2 Lloyd's Rep 198 40 52,72-74,78-80 Watford Electronics Ltd v Sanderson CFL Ltd [2001] EWCA Civ 317; [2001]1 All ER (Comm) 696.... 22 Weber v UniversalOgden Services Ltd (Case C-37/00) [2002] ECR I-2013 126, 127 Wells v The Owners ofthe Gas Float Whitton (The Gas Float WhiUon No 2) [1896] P 42 (CA); [1897] AC 337 66-67, 73, 76 White & Carter (Councils) Ltd v McGregor [1962] AC 413 (HL) 5-10 Winnie Rigg, The, see R v Carrick District Council, ex p Prankerd Wood Floor Solutions v Domberger (Case C-19/09) [2010] ECR I-2121 125 Woolwich Equitable Building Soc v IRC (No 2) [1993] AC 70 12-15 passim XL Insurance v Owens Corning [2000] 2 Lloyd's Rep 500 32-34 passim Yukos Capital SARL v OJSC Rosneft Oil Co [2012] EWCA Civ 855 Zanzibar (Govemment of) v British Aerospace (Lancaster House) Ltd [2000]1 WLR 2333 (QBD) Page numbers in bold type indicate where the details of a particular case are exarnined. 109 23 Admiralty Admiralty s.3(1) .. Agricultur s.53 ..... Antarctic Art.IV . Arbitratio Arbitration Arrest Co ventio Brussels C Ships Art.1 .... (I) . 2 . 4 . 5(1) . 7(5) 8 .... 214 Brussels I China Consti Art.31 .. Civil Juris 1987 Art.2 .... Collision C Arts 4, 7 Contracts ( s.2 . Sch.l, Ai Contractual and Nl to) (SI Convention Dama Cross-Borde 2006/1 Cyprus, Tr Art.1 ..... Cyprus, 14/60)s.29(1)(b) Cyprus Act s.2(1) . 3(8) . Page nun 95 23 24 68 98 106 56 109 32 103 67 103 40 '4,78-80 I 22 126, 127 I 57,73,76 5-10 125 5 passim 4 passim 109 23 Table of Legislation (; Admiralty Act 1973 (New Ze~and) 62 Admiralty Act 1988s.3(1) 57, 72 Agricultural Holdings Act 1923s.53 38-39 Antarctic Treaty 1959Art.lV 126 Arbitration Act 1979 43, 44, 49 Arbitration Act 1996 4 Arrest Convention 1952, see Brussels Convention Brussels Convention 1952 on the Arrest of Ships 50 Art.! 50, 54 (1) 63, 90 2 55,63 4 92 5(1) 126 7(5) 54 8 53, 55 214 51 Brussels I Regulation: (EC) 44/2001 44, 89, 90, 97 China (People's Republic of) Constitution 114-117 Art.31 114 Civil Jurisdiction (Offshore Activities) Order 1987 (SI 198712197)Art.2 126 Collision Convention 1910 52-53, 98 Arrs 4,7, 10, 12 98 Contracts (Applicable Law) Act 1990s.2 31 Sch.l, Art.l(2)(d) 31 Contractual Obligations (England and Wales and NI) Regulations (Law Applicable tol (SI 2009/3064) reg.5(l) 119 Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects 98 Cross-Border Insolvency Rules 2005 (SI 2006/1 030) 27 Cyprus, Treaty establishing Republic of 118 Art. 1 118 Cyprus, Courts of Justice Law (No 14/60)s.29(1)(b) 118 Cyprus Act 1960 (UK)s.2(1) 119 3(8) 119 EC Regulation 44/2001, see Brussels I Regulation 866/2004 89 864/2007, see Rome II Regulation 593/2008, see Rome I Regulation EC Treaty (TEC)Art.65 95 249 87 299 88, 120 (1)-(6) 88 (6) 120 (4) 89, 119 Pt 3, Title IV 87,95 EC Treaty of Accession 2004 88, 89 Protocol No 10 107, 118 Art.l(1) 89, 118 ~1) 89 Environmental Proteetion to the Antarctic Treaty 1991, Protocol 98 Art.16 98 Annex VI 98 European Directives88/357/EEC Art.2( d) 96 7 96 2002/83/EC Art.32 96 2009/138/EC ("Solvency II") 96 Art. 13(13) 96 2012/23/EU 96 Family Law Act 1986s.49 104-105 (1) 105 Federal Courts Act 1981 (Canada)s.2(1) 57,71 Finance Act 2004s.320 12, 15, 17 Finance Act 2007s.107 12, 15 Foreign Judgments (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1933 28 Gaming Act 1845 20 Geneva Convention 1999 51 Art.IO 52 Hague Convention 1971 (the law applicable to traffic accidents)Art.ll 100 Page numbers in bold type indicate where the details of a particular piece of legislation are exarnined. xiii XIV LLOYD'S MARITIME AND COMMERCIAL Hague Convention 1973 (products liability)Art.12 Hague Convention 1978 (on the law applicabie to matrimonial property)Art.17 19 Hague Trusts Convention 1985 (trusts)Art.23 Harbours, Docks and Piers Clauses Act 1847 High Court (Admiralty Jurisdiction) Act 2001C ~ 100 100 100 100 80 n Hong Kong SAR Basic LawArt.l 114 2 114 8 114 11 113 18 liS 19 ll S 22 114 84 liS Ch.lV 115 International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage 1992 52 International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage (FUND) 52 Interpretation Act 1978s.17(a), (b) 80 Jurisdiction of Courts (Maritime Convention) Act 1989 (lreland)s.13(2) n Landlord and Tenant Act 1927s.23 38-39 Landlord and Tenant Act 1954s.66(4) 39 Limitation Act 1980s.5 11 32(1)(c) 11-12, 14, 15 Limitation of Liability Convention 1976 52 Maritime Conventions Act 1911 77 L8 77 Merchant Shipping (Amendment) Act 2004 (Singapore) n Merchant Shipping Act 1854 57,76 Merchant Shipping Act 1862 57, 58 Merchant Shipping Act 1894s.742 71 Merchant Shipping Act 1921s.I(I) 71 Merchant Shipping Act 1985 79 Merchant Shipping Act 1995 51-53,79 ~8 W 185(1) 313(1) Sch.7, Pt II, paras 2, 12 57 71 57 LAW QUARTERLY Merchant Shipping Act 1970 (Unregistered Ships) Regulations 1991 (SI 199111366)reg.4 80 Misrepresentation Act 1994 (Singapore) 22-25 s.3 22 Navigation Act 1912 (Australia) n s.8A(3) Tl. New York Convention 1958 34-35 Non-Contractual Obligations (England, Wales and NI) Regulations (Law Application to) (SI 2008/2986)reg.6 119 Private International Law (MisceUaneous Provisions) Act 1995Rome Convention on the law applicable to contractual obligations 1980 31 Art.l(1) 100, 101 2 W 19 100 Rome I Regulation, 593/2008 86 Recital (7) 97 (11) 99, 129 (13) 99 (17) 123 (33) 95,96 (44), (46) 88 Art.I(2)(e) 31 (4) 88 2 94, 124 (I) 123 3 106 (I) 94, 99, 129-132 (3) 99, 106 (4) 94, 95, 96 4(1) 123, 124 (1)(b) 99 (3) 99 5(1)(b) 130 (2) 94 6(1) 94 7(1) 95 (3) 96,99 (6) 96 8 97 12(2) 114 16 106 20 93, 99, 112, 113, 131 22(1) 95, 100-113 passim (2) 119-120 28 92 Rome II Regulation, 864/2007 86 Recital (6) 97 (7) 97 (8) 90 (13) 94,95 (29) 87 (30) 87 (34) 113 Art.l(4) 88 3 94 Page numbers in bold type indicate where the details of a particular piece of legislation are examined. Ro Ti Trea Pa TABLE QUARTERLY Rome II Regulation, 864/2007-cont. Art.3(1) 123 4(1) 94, 97, 99, 123-129 (2) 94, 126 ................................................... 80 (3) 126 ct 1994 (Singapore) 22-25 6(3)(b) 96 ................................................... 22 8(1) 99 2 (Australia) 72 14 106 ................................................... 72 (1) 94,99, 129 ion 1958 34-35 (2) 99 Obligations (England, (3) 94, 95, 96 Regulations (Law Appli15 129 2008/2986)-17 113,114 ..._ 119 24 93, 99,112,113 al Law (Miscellaneous 25(1) 95, 100-113 passim t 1995(2) 119-120 00 the law applicable to 26 106 ligations 1980 31 Arts 31, 32 92 ........................................ 100, lOl Senior Courts Act 1981 77 ............................................ 94 s.24(1) 71 .................................................. 100 Shipping and Seamen Act 1952 (New Zealand) 61 , 593/2008 86 Social Security Administration Act 1992.................................................... 97 s.7 I 1I ........................................... 99,129 Taxes Management Act 1970.... ...••...••...••. ~ s.33 16 ............................. _ 123 Treaty on the European Union (TEU)................ _ ~,% Art.25 101 ................................................ 88 26 101 .......................................... 31 27(1) 101 ..................................................... 88 30 lOl ............................................ 94,124 32 lOl ................................................... In 52 88 ................................................... 1~ 249 87 .............................. 94,99, 129-132 Title V 101 ............................................ 99, 106 Treaty on the Functioning of the European ........................................ 94, 95, 96 Union (TFEU).......................................... 123, 124 Art.81 95 ............................................... 99 264 95 .................................................. 99 288 87 .............................................. 130 Act 1970 (Unregistered ulations 1991 (SI _ _ xv OF LEGISLATION Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)-conl. Art.355 (5)(b) Pt 3, Title V UNCITRAL Model Law Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 Unfair Contract Terms Act 1994 (Singapore) Unfair Terms in Consumer Contract Regulations 1999 (SI 1999/2083) Uniform Civil Procedure Rules (NSW) 2005Sch.6, para.(a) para.(h) UN Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 (UNCLOS) Arts 55-75 Art.60(8) 76 Arts 77-81 v Art.80 83 87(1)(a) 89 90 Arts 91, 92 Art.94 (1), (2)(b), (3)(a), (3)(b) (3)(c) (7) United Nations CharterArt.2(1) Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 1969Art.31 32 Workers Compensation Act 1987 (NSW)s.105A 88 88 87 27 5 22-25 5 28 28 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 127 126 127 127 127 127 128 128 108 53, 54 54 ...................................................... 94 ...................................................... 94 ...................................................... 95 ............................................... 96,99 ..................................................... 96 ...................................................... 97 ................................................... 114 .................................................... 106 ...................... 93,99, 112, 113, 131 ......................... 95, 100-113 passim ............................................. 119-120 ...................................................... n .00,864/2007 86 ....................................................... 97 ..................................................... 97 ..................................... 90 ................................................ 94,95 ....................................... 87 ....................................................... 87 ...................................................... 113 ........................................................ 88 ........................................................ 94 piece of legislation are examined. Page numbers in bold type indicate where the details of a particular piece of legislation are examined. 113 Index Account of profit for breach of contract (book review), 134-136 ADR see Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) Affirmation agreed sum, actions for an, 6 charterparties, 6, 9-10 damages, 8-10 economie efficiency, 8 hardship, 8 legitimate interest, definition of, 6-10 mitigation doctrine, 6 penalties, recovery of, 8 price, claiming entire contract, 5-10 public policy, 7 reasonableness, 9-10 repudiation, acceptance of, 5-10 sanctity of contract, 8 White & Carter principle, 5-10 Agreed sum, action for an, 6 Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) consumer ADR (book review), 133-134 Appeals arbitration, 43-44 Applicable law ship, definition of a, 52 Arbitration see also Arbitration agreements appeals, 43-44 Arbitration Act 1979, 43-44, 49 Arbitration Act 1996, 44 awards, challenging, appeals, 43-44 case stated, 43 leave,44 questions of law, appeals limited to, 43-44 case stated, 43 court, role of the, 43-44 number of cases in London, 43 speed and finality, 43-44 Arbitration agreements breach, legal proceedings following, 44-45 Brussels I Regulation, 44-45 choice of law, 31-34 common law, 31-32 express choice of law, 31-34 governing law in England, 31-35 implied choice of law, 31-34 matrix contract, law governing the, 31-34 New York Convention 1958, 34-35 seat, law of the, 31-34 separability, principle of, 33 Arrest Convention 1952, definition of ship under, 50-85 applicable law, 52 attributes of a ship, 52 Australia, 57, 72, 81-82, 84-85 Canada, 57, 71, 73-74, 81-82, 84-85 ceasing to be a ship, 81-84 completion or fitting out stage, 57-60 construction, ships under, 56-64 deregistration, 82-83 early English case law, 64-71 examples of maritime structures, 51 floating objects, 68-69, 72-73, 81-85 flying boats, 70 France, 83 Geneva Convention 1999,51 hovercrafts, 71-72 inland waterways, 53-54 Ireland, 72-74, 84 jack-up rigs, 74-75 jet skis, 52, 54, 74, 77-81 launched, afloat and in operation, 64-81 launching, 56-57 limitation of liability, 52, 57-59, 68, 84 manning,64 merchant shipping regulation, 52, 76-80 navigation, used for, 51-52, 64-82, 85 new buildings, 56-64 New Zealand, 60-62 offshore industry objects and units, 64, 71-77, 83-84 oil pollution, 52 ordinary meaning, 53, 61-62 physical condition of ship, 64 pleasure craft, 52, 54, 74, 77-81 pontoon cranes, 75-76 propulsion, 64-66, 71-73, 76-77 registeredJflagged ships, 52, 55-56, 63-64, 73, 82-83 salvage, 66-67 sea-going ships, definition of, 52-55, 65-66, 71, 80-81, 84 Singapore, 72 stranded ships, 81-82 structure, 64, 66-76 tonnage, 64 travaux préparatoires, 53 treaties and conventions, context of, 52-53, 56 United States, 56-57 vessel, definition of, 51-52, 71-72, 77-78 1ARTERLY INDEX Damages affirmation, 8-10 currency movements, 45-46 Definition of a ship see Arrest Convention 1952, definition of ship under Denmark, 87-88 Disclosure freezing (Mareva) injunctions, 46-48, 49 Documentary credits see Rejection of documents under letters of credit 132 2 ning of, 130-13 I 132 ~ Rome JI Regulations, t-129 rvice of, 35-41 :s Law Regulation, proposal 122-123 ley refer, link with, 122-132 3-129 ations, 87, 93-94, 96-99, fon of states, 114-117 114-115 1\5-117 retation 56-64 review), 133-134 pnation; Arbitration ir contract tenns and service of, 35-41 ne, concept of a eaning of, 112-14, 121-122, meaning of, 99-122 111-112, 118 ulations, 112-114, 121-122, es as countries, 45-46 19-90,104-105,107,118,130 18, 130 tulations, 88-90, 104-105, , 123-129 . aterial damage, 124-125 ~ ,f state, occurring, 126-129 ulations, 123-129 gnty, 126-128 ,27 107, Economic efficiency, 8 Effecliveness principle, 15-16 Enforcement of judgments see Recognition and enforcement of foreign insolvency judgments Entire agreement clauses, 23 Equivalence principle, 15, 17 Estoppel letters of credit, rejection of documents under, 5 EU law see also Brussels I Regulation; Territory in Rome I and Rome Ir Regulations Common European Sales Law Regulation, proposal for, 131-132 effectiveness principle, 15-16 equivalence principle, 15, 17 EU, laws of the, 131-132 unjust enrichment and restitution of tax, 11-17 European Convention on Human Rights unjust enrichrnent and restitution of tax, 16 Exclusion clauses bank accounts 21-26 entire agreement clauses, 23 legitimate expectations, 25 letters of credit, rejection of documents under, 5 misrepresentation, 22-23, 25 non-reliance clauses, 21-26 onerous or unusual clauses safeguard, 25 reasonableness, 23 signature rule, 24-26 UCP, 5 unfair contract terms, 21-26 Expert evidence, 5 Fiduciary duties, 4-5 Finality of arbitration awards, 43-44 Financial and non-material damage, place of, 124-125 Floating objects as ships, 68-69, 72-73, 81-85 Flying boats, 70 France ship, definition of a, 83 Fraud letters of credit, rejection of documents under, 5 Freezing (Mareva) injunctions ancillary disclosure orders, 46-48, 49 good arguable case test, 47 just and convenient test, 47 risk of dissipation test, 47-48 Germany law of the state approach, Gibraltar, 89, 119-120 11 I xix Global financial crisis, 21-22 Governing law arbitration agreements, 31.-35 Habitual residence Rome land II Regulations, 94, 98, 132 Hardship, 8 High seas collisions, 128-129 damage, place of, 126-129 Rag states, 127-129 Law of the Sea Convention, 126-129 Hong Kong, 114-115 Hovercrafts, 71-72 Hurnan rights see European Convention on Human Rights Injunctions see Freezing (Mareva) injunctions Inland waterways ship, definition of a, 53-54 Insolvency recognition and enforcement of foreign insolvency judgments, 26-31 Intention interpretation, 47-49 International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) International Standard Practice, 3 Uniform Customs & Practice, 1-5 Interpretation, 45-49 see also Arrest Convention 1952, definition of ship under certainty, 48 choice of law, 130-132 damage, place of, 123-129 intention of parties, 47-49 law of a country, 112-ll4, 121-122 Iiteral approach, 48-49 notiees, validity of service of, 35-39 NYPE forrn, breach of, 48-49 ordinary meaning, 53, 61-62 precedent, 47-48 taking at sea, 47-48 territorial unit with its own rules of law, meaning of, 102-112, 121-122 WIBON,48 Ireland Rome land II Regulations, 87-88 ship, definition of a, 72-74, 84 Jack-up rigs, 74-75 Jet s~s, 52, 54, 74, 77-81 Judgments see Recognition and enforcement foreign insolvency judgments Jurisdiction clauses breach, legal proceedings in 44-45 Brussels I Regulation, 44-45 Knowledge bona fide purchasers for value, 19 trust assets, restoration of, 19 Latent damage, 124 Launching of vessels, 56-57 of xx LLOYD'S MARITIME Law of a country meaning, 112-14, 121-122,130-131 Rome land II Regulations, 112-14, 130-131 AND COMMERCIAL 121-122, "Law of the country", meaning of, 99-122 Law of the forum, 103, 108-9, 121 Law of the Sea Convention damage, place of, 126--129 high seas, 126--129 Law of the state approach, 102-103, 108-122 Legitimate expectations bank accounts, 25 exclusion clauses, 25 signature rule, 25 Legitimate interest, definition of, 6-10 Letters of credit see Rejection of documents under letters of credit Limitation of liability ship, definition of a, 52, 57-59, 68, 84 tonnage, 57-59 Limitation periods see Time limits Macau, 114-115 Manning ship, definition of a, 64 Mareva injunctions see Freezing (Mareva) injunctions Maritime cases 1982-2012, survey of, 42-49 arbitration, 43-45, 49 currency movements, 45-46 damages, 45-46 economie cycle, 45 events, effect of, 45-6 freezing (Mareva) injunctions, 46-47, 49 interpretation, 45-49 jurisdiction clauses, 44-45 Misrepresentation bank accounts, 22-23, 25 exclusion clauses, 22-23, 25 Mistake time lirnits, 11-12, 14-16 unjust enrichrnent and restitution of tax, 11-12, 14-16 Mitigation, 6 Navigation, used for, 51-52, 64-82, 85 New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards 1958, 34-35 New Zealand ship, definition of a, 60-62 Non est factum, 25 Non-reliance clauses, 21-26 Northern Cyprus, 89-90, 104-105, 107, 118, 130 Notices served under contractual rights, validity of, 35-41 commercial contracts, 35-41 compliance, 36 exarnples, 36 interpretation, 35-39 personal delivery, 37-41 proof of receipt, 40 LAW QUARTERLY Notices served under contractual of-conto registered delivery, 37, 39-41 test, 36 time limits, 37-38, 41 NYPE form breach, 48-49 interpretation, 48-49 rights, validity Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT) , 120-121 Offshore industry objects and units, 64, 71-77, 83-84 Oil pollution ship, definition of a, 52 Onerous or unusual clauses safeguard, 25 Overseas departments, 88-89, 118-120 Palestine, 120-121 Party autonomy choice of law, 129-132 Rome 1 and Ir Regulations, 99-100 Penalties affirmation, 8 Personal service, 37-41 Place of damage see Damage, place of Pleasure craft, 52, 54, 74, 77-81 Pollution see Oil pollution Pontoon cranes, 75-76 Precedent, 47-48 Price affirmation, 5-10 entire contract price, claiming, 5-10 Prior equities, 17-21 Propulsion, 64-66, 71-73, 76--77 Public policy, 7 Reasonableness affirmation, 9-10 exclusion clauses, 23 Recognition see Recognition and enforcement of foreign insolvency judgments; Recognition of states Recognition and enforcement of foreign insolvency judgments, 26-31 Australia, 26-31 common law, 26-27 confiscation, 27-28 England and Wales, enforcement in, 26-28 United States, judgrnents from, 26-28, 31 Recognition of states constitutional recognition of states, 114-117 explicit recognition, 114-115 implicit recognition, 115-117 non-recognised states as countries, 111-112, 118 Registered delivery, service by, 37, 39-41 Registration of ships deregistration, 82-83 flag states and high seas, 127-129 ship, definition of a, 52, 55-56, 63064, 73, 82-83 Rejection of documents under letters of credit, 1-5 autonomy, doctrine of, 4 discrepancies, 1-5 QUARTERLY r contractual rights, validity ,37,39-41 8,41 -49 Territories (OPT) , \20-121 bjects and units, 64, 71-77, f a, 52 clauses safeguard, 25 ms, 88-89, 118-120 29-132 egulations, 99-100 7-41 ee Damage, place of 54, 74, 77-81 pollution 5-76 10 price, claiming, 5-10 -21 ,71-73,76-77 JO ses, 23 Recoznition and enforcement of Ivenc~ judgments; Recognition of enforcement of foreign insolvency 26-31 3\ 26-27 7-28 :\Vales,enforcement in, 26-28 , judgments from, 26-28, 31 states recognition of states, 114-117 nition, 114-115 nition, 115-117 d states as countries, 111-112, 118 ery, service by, 37, 39-41 ships ,82-83 d high seas, 127-129 n of a, 52, 55-56, 63064, 73, 82-83 uments under letters of credit, 1-5 octrine of, 4 s, 1-5 INDEX Rejection of documents under letters of credit-conto estoppel, 5 exemption clauses, 5 expert evidence, 5 fraud,5 International Standard Practice (ISPB) (ICC), 3 strict compliance, doctrine of, 2-4 UCP, 1-5 unfair contract terms, 5 Renvoi, 93, 113 Repudiation acceptanee, 5-10 affirmation of contract, 5-10 contract price, claiming the, 5-10 Restitution UCP, 4-5 Rome I Regulation see Territory in Rome I and , Rome TI Regulations Rome TI Regulation see Territory in Rome land Rome II Regulations Sale of goods Common European Sales Law Regulation, propos al for, 131-132 Salvage ship, definition of a, 66-67 Sanctity of contract, 8 Seafarers see Manning Sea-going ships, definition of, 52-55, 65-66, 71, 80-81, 84 Seat, law of the, 31-34 Separability, principle of, 33 Ship, definition of see Arrest Convention 1952, definition of ship under Signature rule bank accounts, 24-26 exclusion clauses, 24-26 legitimate expectations, 25 non est factum, 25 onerous or unusual clauses safeguard, 25 Singapore, 26 Singapore bank accounts, 21-26 exclusion clauses, 21-26 ship, definition of a, 72 signature rule, 26 Speed of arbitration, 43-44 State, concept of a China, 114-115 constitutional recognition, 114-117 fact-based approach, 102-108 illustrations, 114-121 law of the forum approach, 103, 108-9, 121 "law of a country", meaning of, 112-114, 121-122 "law of the country", meaning of, 99-122 law of the state approach, 102-103, 108-122 non-recognised states as countries, 111-112, 118 overseas territories, 118-120 Palestine, 120-121 recognition of states, 114-117 xxi State, concept of a-conto Rome land II Regulations, 101-122 territorial unit with its own rules of law, meaning of, 102-112, 121-122 United Kingdom, 118-120 Stranding ship, definition of a, 81-82 Strict compliance, doctrine of, 2-4 Taiwan, 114-115 "Taking at sea", meaning of, 47-48 Tax restitution, 11-17 unjust enrichrnent, 11-17 Territorial unit with its own rules of law, meaning of, 102-112, 121-122 Territory in Rome I and Rome II Regulations, 86-132 Brussels I Regulation, 90-91, 97 certainty, 125-126 choice of law, 129-132 connecting factors, 87, 93-94, 96-99, 122-132 constitutional recognition, 114-117 country, meaning of, 100-122 Cyprus, 88-90, 104-105, 107, 118, l30 damage, place of, 123-129 Denmark, 87-88 EU,laws ofthe, 131-2 Gibraltar, 89, 119-120 habitual residence, 94, 98, 132 interpretation, 130-132 Ireland, 87-88 "law of a country", meaning of, 112-114, 121-122, 130-131 "law of the country", meaning of, 99-122 material scope, territorial or geographical limits on situations within, 94-98 rnember states are bound, which, 87-88 overseas departments, 88-89, 118-120 party autonorny, 99-100, 129-32 potential application of Regulations, 90-94 renvoi, 93, 113 State, concept of a, 101-122 territorial sovereignty, 126-128 territorial unit with its own rules of law, meaning of, 102-112, 121-122 third countries, territorial connections to, 96 travaux préparatoires, 98 treaties and conventions, 98 uniforrnity, 126-127 United Kingdom, 87-89, 103-104 universal application, 94-96 validity, 130 where Regulations apply, 87-94 within rnember states, where Regulations apply, 88-90 Third parties trust assets, restoration of, 19 Time limits mistake, 11-12, 14-16 notiees, validity of service of, 37-38, 41 unjust enrichment and restitution of tax, 11-17 xxii LLOYD' S MARITIME AND COMMERCIAL Travaux préparatoires Arrest Convention 1952, 53 Rome rand II Regulations, 98 Treaties and conventions see also Particular treaties Rome rand II Regulations, 98 ship, definition of a, 52-53, 56 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 53-54 Trusts knowiedge, 19 restoration of assets, 17-21 third parties, 19 UCP see Uniform Customs & Practice (UCP) (lCC) Unfair contract terrns and exclusion clauses, 21-26 bank accounts, 21-26 "letters of credit, rejection of documents under, 5 misrepresentation, 22-23, 25 non-reliance cIauses, 21-26 UCP,5 Uniform Customs & Practice (UCP) (rCC) contract law, 4-5 exclusion clauses, 5 fiduciary duties, 4-5 letters of credit, rejection of documents under, 1-5 restitution, 4-5 unfair contract terrns, 5 Uniforrnity damage place of, 126-127 United Kingdom Cyprus, Sovereign Bases on, 88, 130 Rome rand II Regulations, 87-89, 103-104 LAW QUARTERLY United Kingdom-eont. State, concept of a, 118-120 United States recognition and enforcement of foreign insolvency judgments, 26-28, 31 ship, definition of a, 56-57 Unjust enrichment and absence of basis approach, 13 bona fide purchasers for value, 20 effectiveness principle, 15-16 equivalence principle, 15, 17 EU law, 11-17 European Convention on Human Rights, 16 foreign subsidiaries, 11-17 mistake, 11-12, 14-16 procedural principle, 15 restitution of tax, 11-17 time limits, 11-17 unjust factors, identification of, 13-14 Woolwieh principle, 12-14 Validity choice of law, 130 notices served under contractual rights, 35-41 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties ship, definition of a, 53-54 White & Carter principle, 5-10 WIBON (whether in berth or not), 48 Woolwieh principle, 12-14 Wrecks ship, definition of a, 81-83 RE Dispu Overs scraps descri five le and restric Fo going On letter docum 2008" credit that d 600, noted