Hybrid Safety 2008 - INHS Health Training

Transcription

Objectives
SAFETY
• What is a Hybrid vehicle is and how they differ
from conventional automobiles.
• Discuss general operation of a Hybrid vehicle (how
it works).
•What’s out there and how to identify it.
• Figure out HV, LV, & IV.
•Safety hazards to responders and how to mitigate
them.
•Understand built in safety devices.
•Extrication of the car and most importantly the
patient.
Hybrid: Any motor driven vehicle with two power sources.
Generally today's Hybrid vehicles consist of a gas powered
engine an electric motor/generator and a high voltage battery.
• May or may not be that high we will cover that soon.
These vehicles can run off the gas engine the electric motor or
both if maximum power is required.
Traction motor convert Kinetic
energy into electrical energy
during braking or deceleration
recharging the batteries.
This process is known as Regenerative braking.
Most Hybrids run HV batteries Yes that’s High Voltage
anywhere from 246v to 300v some can be as much as 600v.
This high voltage battery is what runs the electric motor.
Two Electrical systems
Every hybrid vehicle has
two separate batteries;
one 12 volt battery &
Under light engine loads i.e. city driving idle/stopped, low speed driving the car
will generally employ just the electric motor. With a higher load demand the gas
engine is employed for extra power i.e. freeway driving , hard acceleration, or even
sometimes when the battery pack is low on charge. If heavy loads are put on the
system the car can employ both the gas and electric motors.
Some manufactures such as GM are now using what is known as
intermediate voltage these batteries are classified as below 60volts
but greater than 30volt.
Federal Law mandates that all high voltage cables will be orange.
Low voltage
DC<30v
Intermediate
DC >30 <60v
High Voltage
DC >60v
AC <15v
AC >15 <30v
AC >30v
NOT STANDARD
It should be noted that there is no standard for Intermediate
voltage and that the above chart is from GM’s ERG and BLUE is a
color they have chosen.
one high voltage battery
Audi Q7 SUV Hybrid
BMW X5 SAV
Chevy S3X Hybrid
Chevy Equinox Hybrid
Chevy Tahoe Hybrid
Chevy Malibu Hybrid
Dodge Durango SUV Hybrid
Dodge ESX3 Hybrid
Ford Escape Hybrid
Ford Explorer Hybrid
Ford Fusion Hybrid
GM Opel Astra Hybrid
GMC Graphyte Concept
GMC Yukon Hybrid
Honda Civic Hybrid
Honda Accord Hybrid
Honda Insight Hybrid
Hyundai Accent Hybrid
Lexus RX400h Hybrid
Lexus 450h GS Hybrid
Mazda Tribute SUV Hybrid
Mazda Ibuki Hybrid
Mazda RX-8 Hybrid
Mazda Senku Concept
Mercedes Smart ForTwo
Mercury Hybrid SUV
Nissan Altima Hybrid
Saturn VUE Hybrid
Subaru B9 SC Hybrid
Toyota Prius Hybrid
Toyota Camry Hybrid
Toyota Highlander SUV
Hybrid
HYBRID TRUCKS
Dodge Ram Hybrid
Chevy Silverado Hybrid
GMC Sierra Hybrid
How to Identify a Hybrid vehicle
HYBRID MINIVANS
Toyota Estima Minivan Hybrid
Toyota Alphard Minivan Hybrid
Toyota Sienna Minivan Hybrid
HYBRID CROSSOVERS
Hyundai Portico Hybrid
Nissan Tino Hybrid
How to identify a Hybrid continued
Or can you really tell
Hazards to responders
High voltage batteries and cables
• Batteries holding 200-300 volts and sometimes more.
•High voltage cables running from front to rear of the vehicle.
• Three Phase AC voltage (Toyota Highlander/ GM Trucks)
All high voltage batteries contain
potassium hydroxide(KOH) solution
The electrolyte gel has a pH of 13.5
Potassium hydroxide(KOH) is highly alkaline(base)
Hazmat information on potassium hydroxide solution
listed in Emergency Response Guidebook Guide #154
And the one that’s going to get us
The “SILENT” Hybrid
When stopped, While in Neutral, With the clutch depressed,
even while driving at low speed the gas engine may not run
but the vehicle is able to move via battery power and the
electric motor not making a sound.
Called sleep mode / Ready / Auto stop it is generally
indicated on the vehicles instrument cluster with a light.
Your patient panics and hits the gas, a responder bumps
the gear selector into gear, etc. and vroom the car moves.
What effect would this have at your accident scene?
Light examples
And what if there is no Key?
The Smart Key
One Push = Accessory
Two= Start
Three= Off
The Smart key may be inserted in the Dash (red circle) but only has
to be near the vehicle to allow it to start. Notice the button (green)
this is how the car is started.
Fires
Airbags
How do we mitigate these problems?
High Voltage: Stay away from the Orange wires. Most Hybrid vehicles
high voltage batteries can be isolated by removing the 12 volt battery from
the system. Once isolated voltage is confined to the battery pack.
On the factory side the battery is sealed in a impact resistant case leaking or
exposed plate are rare.
High Voltage is also managed with the air bag system, if deployment is
detected the high voltage circuit is isolated. And a secondary switch
monitors rapid deceleration in the case that the airbag system fails.
Some models also come equipped with a hood switch when the hood is
opened the high voltage side again is isolated. (remember to leave it up if
hood will not interfere with other operations).
Some have switches to disconnect the high voltage battery. (this varies and
I will show some on the next slide).
Mitigating the silent car
Chock the wheels!
Set the parking brake.
Place the car in park.
Shut it off and remove the key
Smart key 16ft away
Mitigating a vehicle fire
Follow normal Firefighting Procedure When fighting a Hybrid vehicle
fire. Firefighters will NOT be shocked or electrocuted.
Mitigating Airbags
Remember the 5/10/20 rule
Give 5” clearance between you ,your pt. and a side impact bag.
Give 10” clearance between you, your pt. and a steering wheel
air bag.
Give 20”clearance between you, your pt. and a pass. side front
air bag.
Always remove the battery terminals Always.
At this point there are covers for steering wheel air bags but
no others.
Some Manufactures recommend a flow of 250gpm
The three tasks generic to all vehicle rescue after ensuring you and
your crews safety.
1. Immobilize the vehicle.
Chock the wheels/set the park brake/shift to park/
2. Stabilize the vehicle
Use cribbing/watch for high voltage wires (usually more towards
center)
3. Disable
Remove Key/Disconnect 12v battery/ensure “ready light” is off.
In today's world we have to remove interior trim prior to
cutting the top failure to do so could be catastrophic for you or
your pt.
Only thing not performed was trunk tunneling due to the High
voltage battery pack.
Pt care should not be delayed any longer than needed to disable the 12 volt
battery system.
The first person to access the pt is most likely the best choice for
shutting off the car, removing the key, and placing the car in park with
the e-brake on.
Take full care of pt just as any other vehicle don’t rush if you don’t have
to.
Get vehicle specific information ERG’s are available online for
free offered by all manufactures of Hybrid vehicles
What’s Next?
Resources
Extrication .com
www.gmstc.com
FUEL CELLS
Firerescue1.com
Humm?

Hybrid Evaluation
1.What is a Hybrid?
2.
3.
4.
A.
B.
C.
D.
12 volt and 12volt
12volt and 48volt
12 volt and high voltage
300volt and 24volt
3. The standard color for High voltage wire on a Hybrid is?

A.
B.
C.
D.
Green
Red
Blue
Orange
4. Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) is found where in a
Hybrid?

2. Every Hybrid has two separate battery systems what are
they?
1.

ERG’s from Toyota , GM, Ford,
Honda
A. The engine
B. The High voltage battery
C. The gas tank
D. The interior
5. What is the best way to ensure a Hybrid is not
“silent”

A.
B.
C.
D.
Chock the Wheels
Remove the patient
Disconnect the high voltage battery
Put it in park and remove the key
Thank you
Contact

Lt. Shawn Bro Spokane
County Fire District 10
sbro@scfd10.org

Renee Anderson
Inland Northwest Health Services
601 W. First Avenue
Spokane, WA 99201
509-232-8155
509-232-8344 Fax