Almere, October 2011 Proceedings

Transcription

cRRescendo confeRRence
Step by step towards a carbon neutral built environment
Almere, October 2011
Proceedings
Getting there
Visiting address
Municipality Almere
Stadhuisplein 1
1315 HR Almere Stad
For more information on the municipality Almere: http://english.almere.nl/
Directions from Amsterdam Airport (socalled: Schiphol) and train
The easiest way to get in Almere is to fly to Amsterdam Airport (also called Schiphol; airport code AMS). When you arrive, go to the station below the airport. Don’t take the train to
Amsterdam, but take one of the four hourly direct connections to “Almere Centrum” (Almere
has 5 train stations!). You will be in less than 40 minutes in Almere. You can buy a one-way
(unless you go back same day) ticket in machines in the baggage claim area of the airport or
in the train station hall.
You can see when and where your train is leaving by entering “Schiphol” (from) and “Almere
Centrum” (to) in the Journey Planner:
http://www.ns.nl/en/travellers/home.
Directions from Almere Centrum train station
Train station Almere Centrum: take the Stationsplein exit and walk straight ahead through
the Stationsstraat until you get to the Stadhuisplein. The main entrance of city hall is on your
left. The executive wing, the ‘Burgerzaal’ and the city hall wedding venue can be accessed
through the back entrance (Landdroststraat).
Directions by car
Get to the A6. Take exit 5: Almere Stad / S103,
follow the Veluwedreef. After 2 km, turn left at the crossing,
follow the signs to ‘Centrum’ (Cinemadreef);
turn left at the third traffic light (Landdroststraat, just after the red building),
turn right after 50 meters (parking lot city hall).
Hotels
Van der Valk Hotel
Address: Veluwezoom 45, 1327 AK Almere, +31 36 800 08 00
Apollo Hotel Almere City Center
Address: Koetsierbaan 2, 1315 SE Almere, +31 36 527 45 00
Organization
Chairman: Emil ter Horst, Gemeente Almere, coordinator cRRescendo
Vice-chairman: Caspar Noach, Ecofys, Utrecht NL
With contributions from
Ecofys, HCA (Milton Keynes), Municipaility Ajaccio, Municipality Viladecans and NMFF.
Organization
Linda Prins and Emil ter Horst, gemeente Almere NL
Vera Haaksma and Caspar Noach, Ecofys, Utrecht NL
Henriette Elfrink and Elmer van Krimpen, F&B bv, Hilversum NL
Hub Smulders (website), Smulders & Slagboom, Utrecht, NL
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Contents
Page
Program cRRescendo confeRRence
3
Summaries cRRescendo confeRRence
4
Towards energy-neutral housing
7
Op weg naar energieneutrale woningen (Dutch translation)
12
Presentations cRRescendo confeRRence Thursday 13th October 2011
17
Official welcome
Annemarie Jorritsma, Mayor of the Municipality of Almere NL
Emil ter Horst, coordinator cRRescendo, Municipality of Almere NL
18
Almere 2.0 and the Almere Principles
Vera Dam, coordinator sustainability, Almere NL
22
How to Boil an Egg
Ad van Wijk, sustainable energy entrepreneur, professor future energy systems, Delft NL
27
Diversity of solutions for different regions of Europe
Valerie Bahr (Concerto-Premium), Steinbeis-Europa-Zentrum, Stuttgart DE
32
Serial Passive Housing and future innovation towards energy neutral area
development - Pieter Hameetman, director of AM Duurzaam, Nieuwegein NL
38
Use of old mines for sustainable energy supply of former mining areas
Jean Weyers, project manager Remining-Lowex (Concerto-II), Heerlen NL
41
Columbuskwartier and the pioneering Almere mentality
Alex van Oost, program manager sustainable development, Urgenda, Amsterdam NL
45
Masterplan towards climate neutral Almere in Flevoland
Jan Schouw, project manager DE-on, Province Flevoland, Lelystad NL
48
Sustainable refurbishment in Ajaccio
Adeline Doridant, Office de l’Habitat, Ajaccio FR
51
WWF’s groundbreaking Energy Report - 100% renewable energy globally is possible! 57
Kees van der Leun, COO/managing director Ecofys, Utrecht NL
Sustainable Energy Action Plan Viladecans
Carmen Perez Figueras, Viladecans ES
62
4 cRRescendo cities: cases of change in practice
Gavin Killip, Un. Oxford UK
65
HCA: Delivering Low Carbon Cities Emyr Poole, HCA, London UK
67
The power of building concepts
Antonin van de Bree, Ecofys, Utrecht NL
71
Annex 1 Excursion in pictures (including dinner at World Heritage Site Schokland)
75
Annex 2 Flyer cRRescendo confeRRence
78
Annex 3 Participants cRRescendo confeRRence
83
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Program cRRescendo confeRRence Thursday 13th October 2011
09:00
09:15
09:25
09:45
Coffee/tea (and registration from 08:30)
Official welcome - Annemarie Jorritsma, Mayor of the Municipality of Almere NL
Almere 2.0 and the Almere Principles - Vera Dam, coordinator sustainability, Almere NL
Key note speech
How to Boil an Egg
Ad van Wijk, sustainable energy entrepreneur, professor future energy systems, Un.Delft NL
Principle 1: Cherish diversity
Diversity as a defining important characteristic for sustainable cities and regions in Europe
Coffee/tea
10:15
11:00
11:20
12:05
12:50
14:00
14:30
15:15
Principle 2: Connect Place and Context
Strengthened and enhanced identity for sustainable building in old and new Europe
Alex van Oost, program manager sustainable area development, Urgenda, Amsterdam NL
Principle 3: Combine City and Nature Unique and lasting combinations in green cities and urban nature
Sustainable refurbishment in Ajaccio - Adeline Doridant, Office de l’Habitat, Ajaccio FR
Lunch in BURGERZAAL
Key note speech
WWF’s groundbreaking Energy Report - 100% renewable energy globally is possible!
Principle 4: Anticipate Change
Flexibility and adaptability to facilitate opportunities for future generations
Sustainable Energy Action Plan Viladecans - Carmen Perez Figueras, Viladecans ES
4 cRRescendo cities: cases of change in practice - Gavin Killip, Un. Oxford UK
Principle 5: Continue Innovation Better processes, infrastructures and exchange of knowledge for sustainable innovations
HCA: Delivering Low Carbon Cities - Emyr Poole, HCA, London UK
The power of building concepts - Antonin van de Bree, Ecofys, Utrecht NL
Principle 6: Design Healthy Systems
(Site Visits Almere)
Principle 7: Empower people to make the
City (Discussion Table)
16:00
Gathering at the east entrance of the
Town Hall (Drinks on the bus!)
Coffee/tea for parallel session
16:10
Site visits for Peer Review Almere
‘Co-makership’ on sustainability
Site Visits cRRescendo districts:
chaired by Vera Dam, Almere.
- Almere Sun Island
Introduction on sustainable attitude & behaviour
- Noorderplassen-west
by stakeholders and communities from:
- Columbuskwartier: Passive and
- Gavin Killip, Un.Oxford
Solar housing, E0-house and ISA
- Robert Atkins, NMFF
End of cRRescendo confeRRence & optional drive to UNESCO World Heritage Schokland
cRRescendo confeRRence Dinner on Schokland (till 22:00)
18:00
19:00
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Sessions cRRescendo confeRRence Thursday 13th October 2011
09:25
Almere 2.0 and the Almere Principles - Vera Dam, Municipality Almere NL
Newtown Almere has attracted in just a few decades over 190.000 residents and 13.000
businesses. Now, the central government has asked Almere to further expand. This will entail
building 60.000 new houses and creating 100.000 new jobs and related facilities. The joint
desire is to turn Almere into an icon of sustainability following the so-called Almere Principles.
The intended growth of Almere will take place in an ecologically, socially and economically
sustainable fashion (Almere 2.0). Vera Dam will guide you through Almere’s sustainability
agenda.
09:45
How to Boil an Egg - Ad van Wijk, University Delft NL
There is no energy crisis, we only have to think in another way about energy and the energy
services we want.
At the moment we waste 98% of all our energy. The sun gives as in one hour more energy
than we consume in the world in one year. And this renewable energy is everywhere around
us. So what is the problem? At present we have an energy system that is very much supply driven. However, nobody wants energy. No we want energy services, like a comfortable
house, bringing our kids to school, watching television, clean clothes and a delicious soft
boiled egg for breakfast.
It is not difficult, we can change rapidly, I show you the examples, but we need another way
of looking and thinking.
10:15
Diversity of solutions for different regions of Europe - Valerie Bahr, Steinbeis-EuropaZentrum, Stuttgart DE
The CONCERTO initiative, launched by the European Commission in 2003, is a Europe wide
initiative proactively addressing the challenges of creating a more sustainable future for Europe’s energy needs. Today, there are a total of 58 communities in 22 projects, each working
to deliver the highest possible level of self-supply of energy.
Over the past 5 years the first 9 projects covering 28 project sites have been evaluated. The
summaries show a broad diversity of technical, social and political interventions and impacts
for all CONCERTO communities within the projects. When the CONCERTO initiative was
prepared in 2003, the vision behind CONCERTO was based on a more harmonised ideal of
paving the way towards an energy-neutral Europe. The practise of CONCERTO has on the
contrary given us an extremely important large cookbook with a palette of colourful recipes
and solutions for every corner of the EU.
10:35
Serial Passive Housing and future innovation towards energy neutral area development - Pieter Hameetman, AM Duurzaam, Nieuwegein NL
The developer AM, BAM Housing and Urban Housing Foundation Goede Stede have realized the project 103 passive houses Almere. The focus was on optimizing the technology.
After the construction the concept is economically optimized. An integrated approach of
total housing costs was the guiding principle. AM and BAM are working in a partnership of
14 companies with the further development of this knowledge into an optimized concept for
energy neutral area development. The question asked is, to what extent is it economically
justified to make the homes energy neutral. The remaining demand for renewable energy
must be resolved at area level. The knowledge will be captured in a 3rd edition of the Toolkit
for Sustainable Housing and a Sustainable Area Development Toolkit. The first area toolkit
made this year is the Toolkit Sustainability Shopping Malls. The knowledge of this toolkit will
be used in the city center of Almere Poort.
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11:20
Use of old mines for sustainable energy supply of former mining areas - Jean Weyers, Remining-Lowex, Heerlen NL
Remining-Lowex is a FP6 CONCERTO project concerning the redevelopment of European mining
areas into sustainable communities. The participating communities are Heerlen, the Netherlands and
Zagorje ob Savi, Slovenia. They will realize 2 sustainable mining communities (Heerlen and Zagorje)
with 50 to 100% CO2 reduction and 60% increase in energy supply from RES compared with standard national practices.
Heerlen will demonstrate the use of locally available low valued renewable energy sources, specifically water from abandoned mines for the heating and cooling of buildings. The system is based on
low energy principles, and is facilitated by an integrated design of buildings and energy concepts.
The demonstration contains 440 new houses, 57,000 m2 of non-residential new buildings, 84,500 m2
of non-residential existing buildings, and 3 existing prepared buildings in nearby former mining communities in Heerlen to connect with the mine water grid.
11:40
Columbuskwartier & the pioneering Almere mentality - Alex van Oost, Urgenda, Amsterdam NL
Almere is a young municipality. Its first house was completed only in 1976. It is sited on the reclaimed territory of Flevoland.
Columbuskwartier is the second district within the Almere cRRescendo project. In line with the pioneering mentality of the city, names of explorers have been given to the streets. Also the urban plan
is the first in its kind.
Here the sun’s energy plays a main role. Most houses will be fitted with photovoltaic solar panels,
the so-called Solar homes. Other dwellings will also be extremely energy efficient. Besides the focus
on solar energy, Columbuskwartier is child-friendly (car free) and unique in its abundant nature and
water.
Columbuskwartier is the first example of integral sustainable urban design and building following the
Almere principles.
12:05
Masterplan towards climate neutral Almere in Flevoland - Jan Schouw, Province Flevoland,
Lelystad NL
Almere’s ambition is to have a climate-neutral energy supply in 2025, 100% based on renewable
sources. Therefore together with the province of Flevoland Almere is developing the Masterplan
Energy Supply Almere 2.0.
The provincial government is leading with regard to the energy-transition in Flevoland. Together with
municipalities the province is studying the feasibility of a Sustainable Energy development company
(DE-on) as a motor for Energy Transition. A business plan for DE-on will be shown, which is the
foundation of the Masterplan Energy Supply.
Interesting is that to fulfill the energy demand (about 9 PJ/yr) sustainably about 45% sustainable
energy can produced locally in the Almere urban areas, while for the other half (55%) Almere is dependent on the surrounding province.
12:25
Sustainable refurbishment in Ajaccio - Adeline Doridant, Office de l’Habitat, Ville d’Ajaccio FR
The process of refurbishment of apartment buildings by social owners willing to take sustainable
measures, will be explained.
Especially the combination of refurbishment and energy saving measures leads to problems, as social owners are not allowed to ask for a higher rent based on these energy measures. This implicates
in general that there is no payback time for energy measures specifically in the social renting sector,
a well known problem.
The presentation will focus on the solutions found in the cRRescendo project in Ajaccio.
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14:00
WWF’s groundbreaking Energy Report - Kees van der Leun, Ecofys, Utrecht NL
A 100% renewable energy future is imperative and urgent! A 100% global renewable energy
by 2050 is possible!
By 2050, we could get all the energy we need from renewable sources. This would solve most
of the problems of climate change and dwindling fossil fuel resources. The Ecofys scenario at
the heart of The Energy Report demonstrates a pathway to a fully renewable global eneryg
system, with in-depth analysis into key sectors – industry, buildings, and transport. It helps to
identify challenges and choices we would need to make, and gives a perspective for businesses to develop towards a sustainable economy.
14:30
Sustainable Energy Action Plan (SEAP) of Viladecans - Carmen Perez Figueras, Viladecans ES
2005 has been a very important year for Viladecans (as for other European cities), key with
regard to local energy use. The cRRescendo project was honoured within the Concerto program and started in that year, while 2005 is also the reference year for actions enfacing 2020
included in our SEAP.
Even the actual financial difficulties, cannot reduce our planned objectives. Moreover, they
must contribute to increase the efforts to boost particularly energy saving. Viladecans would
like to transmit this optimistic vision in a very easy way, by sharing our experience and our
future commitments.
14:50
4 cRRescendo cities: cases of change in practice - Gavin Killip, University Oxford UK
What have been done in the 4 cities and in what ways has cRRescendo fostered innovation,
with regard to scale, social and technical change and professional practices?
Gavin will highlight interesting narratives that arise from the cRRescendo project. This will
illustrate how cRRescendo has not only brought about changes to buildings on the ground,
but also raise important other issues, for example to do with education, architectural conservation, technical inflexibility of design (so-called technological ‘lock in’). These narratives also
exemplify many of the complexities that we, as socio-technical researchers, are familiar with
from other studies elsewhere.
15:15
HCA is the housing and regeneration agency for England. The crrescendo project has helped
deliver a neighbourhood combined heat and power system, building fabric performance improvements in new build and now beginning construction of one of the largest solar PV arrays
in the uk. It has also had an impact on other recent HCA programmes influencing a wider
district heating package, and other building related initiatives. The latter stages of the project have been challenging due to external factors such as market conditions, and the wider
financial situation affecting build out. However one of the most positive findings has been that
many elements of this exemplar project are now more mainstream in other standard development.
15:35
Many building-concepts for dwellings exist and are promoted. The Solarhouse-concept (Zonnewoning) is one of them.
What makes a building-concept successful, as well for consumers as for professionals? To
deliver what has been promised is key to this.
So: Did the Solarhouses in the area Columbuskwartier lived up to its expectations based on
monitored results or not?
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Report of the cRRescendo confeRRence Almere, October 13th, 2011
By Norbert Cuiper
Lessons from the European cRRescendo project
Towards energy-neutral housing
Almere is on its way to be one of the first energy-neutral cities of the
Netherlands. The young city is expanding significantly by building sustainable
homes. This was highlighted in the final conference of “cRRescendo”, the
European project for energy conservation and sustainable energy in new
construction and renovation districts. Also partner cities Ajaccio, Milton
Keynes and Viladecans are making progress. What lessons can be drawn from
the experiences in these four European cities?
cRRescendo coordinator Emil ter Horst opened the conference on behalf of Mayor
Annemarie Jorritsma of Almere with a letter in which Jorritsma expresses the importance of
sustainable construction. The mayor has built her own "dream house" in Almere, a spacious
and comfortable home with low energy use.
She wants to set an example for all inhabitants of Almere. Yet there were some teething
problems to be solved, as she admits in her letter. The Mayor underlines the importance of
learning in pilot experiments, one of the characteristic features of the European project
cRRescendo. This project focuses on the widespread use of sustainable energy and energy
efficiency in new construction and renovation districts. The project is co-funded by the
European Union through the Concerto program. Besides the project in Almere, cRRescendo
also realizes energy efficient and sustainable neighbourhoods in Milton Keynes (UK), in the
Spanish Viladecans and in Ajaccio on the French island of Corsica.
Progress
In the last decade Almere has shown significant progress in the development of energy
efficient and sustainable neighbourhoods, says Ter Horst. Over two thousand energyefficient homes have been built in new residential areas Noorderplassen West and the
Columbus district. Four hundred of these houses were commissioned according to the
certificate label ‘Solar House’: homes that meet several ambitious requirements in terms of
sustainable energy, sustainable materials and comfort. Over one hundred homes are of the
so-called ‘Passive House’ type. With special insulation and glazing extremely low energy
consumption is ensured.
Apart from renewable district heating the houses in the Columbus district are also using
green electricity including electricity generated from their own solar panels. A special part in
the Noorderplassen West district is the Solar Island, a field with solar collectors that
produces sustainable heat for the city heat network. Interestingly, the neighbourhoods are
designed in such way that each home is built slightly different than the other. This diversity is
especially visible in the Columbus district, says Vera Dam coordinator of DuurzaamAlmere.nl
(the sustainability center of Almere). She recommends the book “The Almere Principles” that
describes the seven guiding principles for the municipality to become a sustainable city.
Energy conservation requires a completely different way of thinking. So says Ad van Wijk,
professor at the Delft University of Technology and former director of the sustainable energy
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company Econcern. In his presentation
"How to boil an egg" he shows us that most
of the energy for boiling eggs for example is
wasted with throwing away the hot water.
"There is no energy crisis. Solar energy is
abundant; we only need to use it much
more efficiently", says Van Wijk. Another
example is the doorbell, which is
continuously fed with electricity from the
grid while the doorbell is used less than one
hour per year. The energy can be produced
by a very small solar cell. Also, driving is
actually very inefficient, transporting a
person of 80 kg in a thousand kg heavy car.
And heating a house can be done without
gas, simply with summer heat stored in the
ground. Thus, Van Wijk continues for a
while.
His theory is nice, but the practice is
stubborn. Let's think differently!
Van Wijk lately sees a revolution occurring
in greenhouses and in lighting with LEDs.
He also expects an ongoing electrification,
given the advent of electric cars and
electric scooters, with an important role for
smart grids, argues Van Wijk.
Opportunities enough
There are many opportunities to save energy, explains Van Wijk. A remarkable idea shown
by the Delft professor, is the replacement of alternating current (AC) by direct current (DC).
When designing a power grid AC has traditionally been opted, because that is suitable for
transport over longer distances. The disadvantage of this technique is that for many modern
power generators (such as solar cells), the generated (DC) power must first be converted
into alternating current, while for the use of electricity by many modern devices this AC
power again is to be transformed into direct current. In these conversions, part of the
electricity is lost. If we choose for a DC grid energy savings of 10 to 42 percent are possible,
says Van Wijk enthusiastically. “But are you not oversimplifying? Substantial innovations are
not just about technology?”, asks Gavin Killip from Oxford University. “Indeed, but it starts
with thinking differently!”, replies Van Wijk.
“Achieving energy efficient homes is not a matter of a single standard”, says Valerie Bahr of
the German Steinbeis-Europa-Zentrum. She is playfully announced by Ter Horst as 'spy' of
the EU but, fully justified, she denies any such role. Bahr evaluates the European Concerto
program especially for the last 13 of the 22 Concerto projects (Concerto-premium). In total 23
countries are involved in the Concerto program. These 13 projects are still ongoing, so the
results are not yet available, says Bahr. She also presents some of the results of 9 earlier
projects launched in 2005. These projects have been evaluated by the Austrian Institute of
Technology (Concerto-plus). These results show that different technologies are used,
ranging from solar panels to wind turbines and combustion of biomass. Particularly wind and
biomass are widely used, but "there are many combinations possible", says Bahr. In these 9
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projects annually 530 ktonnes of CO2 emissions are avoided. Also, 20% less electricity and
30% less heat is used, says Bahr.
Cheaper
Energy efficient homes not only save energy, they are sometimes cheaper in construction.
Energy neutral homes are even cheaper to build than 'normal' modern houses. That
concludes Pieter Hameetman director of AM Duurzaam, part of the BAM Group. He has
calculated how profitable the 103 Passive Houses, built in Almere, are. Here he has learned
from past experience with energy efficient homes. According to Hameetman it is a matter of
focus: first on optimizing the technology and then on optimizing the economy. The aim is to
build houses with the world's lowest energy bill, says Hameetman ambitious. He compares a
house, gas fired with an energy performance coefficient (EPC) of 0.6 and a balanced
ventilation, with an energy-neutral house, which is extremely well insulated and equipped
with solar panels. His calculations indicate that the latter house is 135 euro’s cheaper per
year in terms of total housing costs. In 20 years the cost savings will be just over 2000
euro’s. Hameetman can simply make such calculations for the customers with the so-called
e-calculator.
For the use of sustainable energy it is sometimes possible to make use of specific local
opportunities. The municipality of Heerlen wants to use old mines as heat and cold storage
by filling approximately 30% of the empty mines with water for the cooling and heating of
buildings. Research conducted since 2005 has shown that the use of ‘minewater’ is feasible,
says Jean Weijers, Project Manager of Remining-Lowex (also a Concerto project). Thanks to
the existence of detailed maps of the old mines, the drilling of the holes for the pipes is a
piece of cake. Weijers has also assessed potential customers, including a swimming pool,
the CBS office and a school. An energy service company “EOP” has been founded to sell
and distribute the heat and cold. Heerlen is planning to invest 50 million euro’s in EOP, but
she has not taken a final decision yet as another investor has dropped. Two problems arise
according to Weijers. First the investments are high to build the new infrastructure and to drill
additional wells. Also, new buildings are energy efficient, so less heat is needed. This would
make the project less profitable, says Weijers. He hopes that the project continues. "It would
be good for employment in South Limburg."
Quality
“It is nice to be back in Almere, the 'city of growth”, says Alex van Oost of the Urgenda
Foundation. As an employee of Almere, Van Oost was strongly involved in the development
of the Columbus district. "This development was not only durable, but also socioeconomically beneficial." Van Oost explained that Almere has built 'quantity-driven' for a long
time; the Netherlands main new-town needed large numbers of homes for new residents
each year. "Now there is more attention to quality and sustainability", says Van Oost. He
mentioned several other trends, such as ‘from component to concept’, and from small to
large scale. We are talking about one thousand households. In this way the 'Solar Houses'
were designed, among others with solar panels on the roof or integrated into a structure
connected to the house. In the neighbourhood itself some space is left open "to give freedom
to the market." The energy-neutral house at the entrance of the Columbus district, developed
by Koopmans Bouwgroep, stands out for the typical urban wind turbines on the roof and the
red-coloured panels in the facade of the building. Van Oost says that the red solar panels
produce equal to standard solar panels, but according to Ter Horst there will be some loss in
yield.
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The province of Flevoland is involved in the development of Almere. "The ambition for
Almere is to be climate neutral in 2025", says Jan Schouw, project manager DE-on, who
works for the province. To this goal a masterplan is under development. There is an
intermediate goal, which is 60% renewable energy by 2013. Almere is well on track to
achieve this goal; this appears clearly from the monitored actual share of 57% renewables in
2009. In 2010 though, the growth of the share of renewables has stopped. "Due to the
economic downturn only profitable projects are realized," says Schouw. As a solution he
proposes to invest the profits from successful projects in less profitable projects. This can be
done by the energy service company DE-on, yet to be established. Schouw expects an
overall gain of approximately 5%. The total investments in DE-on amount to 200 million
euro’s, of which the province of Flevoland invests 20 million. DE-on is still looking for cofinanciers and wants to work with companies such as HVC and Alliander. The province will
stimulate residents to participate as stakeholders in future projects, confirms Schouw. The
German city of Hamburg also does this and is an inspiring example for the province of
Flevoland, says Schouw.
Perseverance
Renewable energy is a matter of perseverance. This is evident from the presentation of
Carmen Perez Figueras, cRRescendo coordinator for the Spanish city of Viladecans near
Barcelona. Viladecans is in favour of a more sustainable energy supply since 1996. Since
2003, the municipality has taken up this ambition in the cRRescendo project, but only in late
2009 the City Council has approved the Action Plan for Sustainable Energy. The
preservation plan concerns municipal buildings, accounting for 2% of the energy demand in
Viladecans. In practice this is done, in addition to installing solar energy, mainly through
lighting and smart power, says Perez Figueras. Striking is the precision with which she show
exact numbers for reduction in energy use and emissions. Apparently a lot of effort is put into
measuring these figures. Viladecans municipality wants its own CO2 emissions reduced by
33%, but how to get the other 98% of the emissions reduced? This requires a smart
approach, said Perez Figueras.
We need a vision for the long term. "In 2050 it will be possible to globally gain more than
95% of our energy from sustainable sources", says Kees van der Leun (Ecofys) in his
presentation of “The Energy Report, 100% Renewable Energy by 2050”. Energy demand is
rising, while oil and gas are running out. In a sustainable world it is necessary to reduce the
CO2 emissions. Particularly energy plays an important role, says Van der Leun. "If we want
to have a stable future energy supply despite the growth of the global economy, we must
fully commit ourselves in industry, transportation and buildings to achieve energy
conservation."
For electricity a large number of sustainable sources are available, very often now already
profitable based on energy costs. Ecofys even expects a fierce competition between different
sustainable sources by 2030. Further electrification and energy conservation are needed to
achieve the goals for 2050, says Van der Leun. Europe will make substantial use of
sustainable sources such as hydro and wind. In other continents, solar energy may be more
dominant, says Van der Leun. For him the project Desertec is promising, in which solar
panels in North Africa generate electricity for Europe. But in the WWF/Ecofys scenario for
2050 Desertec plays no role because we do not want to depend on links between the
continents, according to Van der Leun.
Another factor is the current economic situation. The financial crisis has a strong influence on
energy projects, says Emyr Poole of the British Homes and Communities Agency (HCA).
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"Energy conservation is important. The relatively small investment is quickly recouped. That
makes it particularly interesting for existing homes. "But for the new construction market it is
more difficult due to the current economic situation. "Due to the financial crisis we need to be
more creative," says Poole. England wants all new houses from 2016 onward to be energy
neutral. At present, this national policy is being implemented locally.
Other municipalities in the UK can now learn from the cRRescendo project in Milton Keynes,
which was designed in the sixties as a new city. According to Poole Almere and MiltonKeynes, both new-towns, have much in common. Milton Keynes is one of the few cities in the
UK that has a co-generation plant, which produces heat for the houses, and a solar power
plant for supply of electricity.
Learning from doing
"We must learn from our mistakes," says Gavin Killip from Oxford University. He shows a
photograph of a house at Ajaccio on the sloping roof with a solar panel that lies in the
shadow from a higher placed building. Experts know that a shadow on the panel means that
solar power is drastically reduced. "This is the result of a compromise," explains Killip. The
municipality of Ajaccio wants to keep solar panels out of sight because of 'cultural
preservation', so they are not to be installed on the higher roof. "This creates a gap between
the design and the eventual performance of a technological innovation," says Killip. The
researcher also found that residents in Ajaccio were faced with three different systems for
energy management, which they did not know how to use. According to Killip, these results
from the project cRRescendo are just the tip of the iceberg. More socio-economic research is
needed to find out why technological innovations do not always work and how to improve the
shortcomings. "We should not assume that everything is going well."
According to the presentation of Antonin van de Bree (Ecofys) the results are sometimes
better than expected. He shows the results of the Solar Homes and the so-called Ecohouses
in Almere. "The energy efficient homes per square meter perform better than expected." The
total CO2 emissions from the house is higher though than had been indicated. This is
because the houses are larger than they were in the original calculations. "To further reduce
CO2 emissions, we must built smaller houses or pursue a higher ambition," says Van de
Bree. He also sees a large spread in energy performance versus surface. "This variation
depends not only on the size and construction of the house, but also on its inhabitants." Van
de Bree warns for the claimed energy efficiency and sustainability of several housing
concepts on the market. The sellers use qualifications for the houses that are difficult to
verify, such as ‘beter than passive’, ‘more comfort’, ‘good floor space vs. building envelope
ratio’, etc. According to Van de Bree, there are different housing concepts for sustainable
building, of which the best known is “Passive House”. For the houses in Almere, two of these
concepts are used: the “Solar House” (WWF) and “Passive House”. "Customers should
obtain all necessary information beforehand, and preferably contract an independent audit to
be carried out to asses the real level of energy efficiency and sustainability."
Photos of both the cRRescendo confeRRence and of Solar-, Passive- and other Eco-houses
in Almere are made by, among others, Hub Smulders. A selection of these pictures is found
on:
http://www.crrescendo.net/confpics/
You are allowed to use these pictures for non-commercial purposes, if you mention the
origin: www.cRRescendo.net
11
(Dutch translation)
Verslag cRRescendo confeRRence Almere, 13 oktober 2011
Door Norbert Cuiper
Lessen uit het Europese project cRRescendo
Op weg naar energieneutrale woningen
Almere is hard op weg om de eerste energieneutrale gemeente van Nederland te
worden. De jonge stad breidt fors uit en bouwt daarvoor duurzame woningen. Dat
bleek uit de slotconferentie van cRRescendo, het Europese project voor
energiebesparing en duurzame energie in nieuwbouw- en renovatiewijken. Ook
Viladecans, Milton Keynes en Ajaccio boeken vooruitgang. Welke lessen zijn te
trekken van de ervaringen in de vier Europese steden?
cRRescendo-coördinator Emil ter Horst van de gemeente Almere opende namens
burgemeester Annemarie Jorritsma de conferentie en las een brief voor waarin Jorritsma het
belang benadrukte van duurzaam bouwen. De burgemeester heeft zelf haar ‘droomhuis’ laten
bouwen in Almere, een royale woning die zuinig omspringt met energie. Hiermee wil ze een
voorbeeld stellen voor alle inwoners in Almere. Toch moesten er enkele kinderziektes worden
opgelost, zo geeft ze toe in haar brief. Daarmee onderstreept de burgemeester het belang van
het leren van experimenten, één van de karakteristieke kenmerken van het Europese
ontwikkelingsproject cRRescendo. Dit project richt zich op de grootschalige toepassing van
duurzame energie en energiebesparing in nieuwbouw- en renovatiewijken. Naast Almere
worden ook in het Britse Milton Keynes, het Spaanse Viladecans en Ajaccio op het Franse
eiland Corsica energiezuinige wijken gerealiseerd binnen het cRRescendo-project, dat mede
door de Europese Unie wordt gesubsidieerd via het Concerto-programma.
Vooruitgang
Almere heeft flink vooruitgang geboekt bij de bouw van energiezuinige wijken, meldt Ter Horst.
Zo zijn er tweeduizend energiezuinige woningen gebouwd in de nieuwe wijken NoorderplassenWest en het Columbuskwartier. Vierhonderd huizen zijn uitgevoerd volgens het keurmerk
‘Zonnewoning’, huizen die voldoen aan verschillende eisen op het gebied van duurzame
energie, duurzaam materiaalgebruik en comfort. Zij worden in Almere naast de duurzame
stadswarmte ook voorzien van stroom die is opgewekt met zonnepanelen. Honderd woningen
zijn van het zogeheten ‘passiefhuis’-type, waarbij isolatie en beglazing zorgen voor een extreem
laag energiegebruik. Een bijzonder onderdeel is het zoneiland, een terrein met
zonnecollectoren die duurzaam warmte opwekken voor het stadsnet. Opvallend is dat de wijken
zeer divers zijn ontworpen, waardoor elke woning net even anders is gebouwd dan de andere
huizen. Deze diversiteit is vooral goed te zien in het Columbuskwartier, zegt Vera Dam,
projectleider duurzaamheidscentrum van de gemeente Almere. Ze raadt aan om het boek The
Almere Principles te lezen, dat de zeven principes beschrijft die de gemeente wil toepassen om
uit te groeien tot een duurzame stad.
12
Energiebesparing vergt een andere manier van denken. Dat betoogt Ad van Wijk, hoogleraar
aan de TU Delft en voormalig directeur van het duurzame energiebedrijf Econcern. In zijn
presentatie ‘How to boil an egg’ laat hij zien dat we veel energie verspillen door bijvoorbeeld na
het koken van eieren het hete water weg te gooien. ‘Er is geen energiecrisis. Zonne-energie is
in overvloed aanwezig, we moeten het alleen veel efficiënter benutten’, zegt Van Wijk. Een
ander voorbeeld is de deurbel, die continu wordt gevoed met elektriciteit uit het net terwijl je het
maar minder dan een uur per jaar nodig hebt. Dit kan ook opgewekt worden met een heel klein
zonnecelletje. Ook autorijden is eigenlijk heel inefficiënt, en verwarmen van een huis kan
zonder gas, met warmte uit de bodem. Zo gaat Van Wijk nog even door. Zijn theorie is mooi,
maar de praktijk is weerbarstig. Van Wijk ziet wel een revolutie optreden in de glastuinbouw en
verlichting met leds. Daarnaast verwacht hij een doorgaande elektrificatie, gezien de opkomst
van elektrische auto’s en elektrische scooters. Dit houdt ook een belangrijke rol in voor smart
grids, aldus Van Wijk.
Mogelijkheden
Er zijn nog veel mogelijkheden om energie te besparen, zo wil Van Wijk zeggen. Een
opmerkelijk idee dat de Delftse hoogleraar toont is het vervangen van wisselstroom door
gelijkstroom. Bij het ontwerpen van elektriciteitsnetten is van oudsher gekozen voor
wisselstroom, omdat dat geschikt is voor transport over langere afstanden. Nadeel van deze
techniek is echter dat voor veel moderne apparaten de opgewekte stroom eerst moet worden
omgezet in wisselstroom en dat de wisselstroom voor gebruik weer moet worden omgezet in
gelijkstroom. Bij de omzettingen gaat een deel van de elektriciteit verloren. Door voor het net te
kiezen voor gelijkstroom is een energiebesparing van 10 tot 42 procent mogelijk, vertelt Van
Wijk enthousiast. Maar stelt hij het niet te simpel voor? Innovaties gaan toch niet alleen om
technologie? Dat vraagt Gavin Killip van de Universiteit van Oxford aan Van Wijk. Inderdaad,
maar het begint bij anders denken, antwoordt Van Wijk.
Het realiseren van energiezuinige woningen is geen kwestie van één enkele
standaardoplossing. Dat zegt Valerie Bahr van het Duitse Steinbeis-Europa-Zentrum. Ze wordt
door Ter Horst ludiek aangekondigd als 'spion' van de EU, maar ze ontkent een dergelijke rol te
spelen. Ze evalueert voor het overkoepelende Europese Concerto-programma de laatste 13
van de 22 projecten, die in 23 landen zijn gerealiseerd. De 13 projecten zijn nog niet afgerond,
waardoor de meetresultaten nog niet beschikbaar zijn, zegt Bahr. Wel kan ze de resultaten
presenteren van de eerste 9 projecten, die in 2005 van start gingen en door het Oostenrijkse
Institute of Technology zijn geëvalueerd. Uit deze resultaten blijkt dat diverse technologieën zijn
toegepast, variërend van zonnepanelen tot windturbines en bijstook van biomassa. Met name
windenergie en biomassa zijn veel gebruikt, maar 'er zijn veel combinaties mogelijk,' zegt Bahr.
Hierdoor wordt jaarlijks een CO2-uitstoot van 530 kton vermeden. Ook is 20% minder
elektriciteit en 30% minder warmte gebruikt, vertelt Bahr.
Goedkoper
Energiezuinige woningen besparen niet alleen energie, ze zijn soms ook goedkoper in de bouw.
Energieneutrale woningen zijn zelfs goedkoper te bouwen dan 'normale' moderne huizen. Dat
concludeert directeur Pieter Hameetman van AM Duurzaam, onderdeel van de BAM Group. Hij
heeft voor de 103 passiefhuizen zoals die in Almere zijn gebouwd berekend hoe ze rendabel
zijn te maken. Hierbij heeft hij geleerd van eerdere ervaringen met energiezuinige woningen.
13
Het is volgens Hameetman een kwestie van focus, eerst op optimalisatie van de technologie en
daarna op optimalisatie van de economie. Doel is 's werelds laagste energierekening, meldt
Hameetman ambitieus. Hij vergelijkt een woning, gestookt op gas, met een EPC van 0,6 en een
gebalanceerde ventilatie, met een compleet energieneutraal huis, dat zeer goed geïsoleerd is
en is voorzien van zonnepanelen. Uit zijn berekeningen blijkt dat de laatste woning 135 euro per
jaar goedkoper is qua woonlasten. Over 20 jaar bedraagt de kostenbesparing iets meer dan
2000 euro. Dit soort berekeningen kan Hameetman simpel vertalen naar de klant met een
zogeheten e-calculator.
Soms is voor de toepassing van duurzame energie gebruik te maken van bijzondere lokale
mogelijkheden. Gemeente Heerlen wil oude mijnen gebruiken als warmte-koude-opslag, door
circa 30% van de lege mijnen te vullen met water voor koeling en/of verwarming van gebouwen.
Uit onderzoek dat sinds 2005 is uitgevoerd blijkt dit haalbaar te zijn. Dat meldt Jean Weijers,
projectmanager van Remining-Lowex, een Concerto project. Dankzij gedetailleerde kaarten van
de mijnen is het boren van de gaten voor de pijpen een koud kunstje. Ook heeft Weijers
potentiële klanten in kaart gebracht, zoals een zwembad, het CBS-kantoor en een school. Voor
het plan is het bedrijf EOP opgericht. Gemeente Heerlen wil hierin 50 miljoen euro investeren,
maar ze heeft nog geen definitieve beslissing genomen omdat een andere cofinancier is
afgehaakt. Twee problemen doen zich voor volgens Weijers: de investeringen zijn hoog om de
nieuwe infrastructuur te bouwen en extra putten te boren. Ook hebben zijn nieuwe gebouwen
energiezuinig, waardoor er minder warmte nodig is. Hierdoor zou het project minder rendabel
uitvallen, aldus Weijers. Hij hoopt echter dat het project doorgaat. 'Het zou goed zijn voor de
werkgelegenheid in Zuid-Limburg.'
Kwaliteit
Terug naar Almere, de 'stad van de groei', volgens Alex van Oost van stichting Urgenda. Hij
begeleidde tot mei 2011 als medewerker van gemeente Almere de bouw in het
Columbuskwartier. 'Dit bleek niet alleen duurzaam, maar ook socio-economisch voordelig uit te
vallen.' Van Oost vertelde dat Almere lange tijd 'kwantiteitsgedreven' heeft gebouwd, waarbij het
ging om grote aantallen huizen voor de nieuwe bewoners. 'Nu is er meer aandacht voor
kwaliteit en duurzaamheid,' zei Van Oost. Hij noemde diverse andere trends, zoals van
component naar concept, en van kleine naar grote schaal, van circa duizend huishoudens. Op
deze manier werden de 'zonnewoningen' ontworpen, waarvan de zonnepanelen niet alleen op
het dak liggen, maar divers geïntegreerd zijn bijvoorbeeld in een constructie boven het huis.
Ook in de wijk zelf is ruimte open gelaten, 'om vrij te geven aan de markt.' De energieneutrale
woning aan de rand van het Columbuskwartier, ontwikkeld door bouwer Jos Ensink, valt op
door de windturbines op het dak en de roodkleurige zonnepanelen, in de gevel van het gebouw.
Van Oost zegt dat de rode zonnepanelen evenveel zonnestroom produceren, maar volgens Ter
Horst is sprake van een licht verlies in de opbrengst.
Ook de Provincie Flevoland mengt zich in de ontwikkeling van Almere. 'De ambitie is om Almere
in 2025 klimaatneutraal te laten zijn,' zegt Jan Schouw, projectmanager van DE-on en
werkzaam bij de Provincie. Om dit doel te halen is een masterplan opgesteld. Ook is een
tussendoel bepaald, dat ligt op 60% duurzame energie in 2013. Dat Almere goed op weg is om
dit tussendoel te halen blijkt uit het gerealiseerde aandeel van 57% duurzaam in 2009. In 2010
is de groei van het aandeel duurzaam echter gestopt. 'Door de economische recessie worden
14
alleen nog winstgevende projecten gerealiseerd,' zegt Schouw. Als oplossing stelt hij voor om
de winst uit de succesvolle projecten te investeren in verliesgevende projecten. Schouw
verwacht een overall winst van circa 5%. De totale investeringen bedragen 200 miljoen euro,
waarvan de Provincie Flevoland 20 miljoen bijdraagt. DE-on is nog op zoek naar
medefinanciers en wil samenwerken met bedrijven als HVC en Alliander. De provincie is van
plan om bewoners als stakeholders mee te laten doen in projecten, bevestigt Schouw. De
Duitse stad Hamburg doet dat ook en heeft hiermee provincie Flevoland geïnspireerd tijdens
een werkbezoek vorig jaar, aldus Schouw.
Lange adem
Duurzame energie is een kwestie van lange adem. Dat blijkt uit de presentatie van Carmen
Perez Figueras, cRRescendo-coördinator voor de Spaanse stad Viladecans bij Barcelona.
Viladecans heeft vanaf 1996 steun betuigd voor verduurzaming van de energievoorziening.
Sinds 2003 heeft de gemeente dit opgepakt als cRRescendo-project, maar de gemeenteraad
heeft het actieplan voor duurzame energie pas eind 2009 goedgekeurd. De verduurzaming
betreft gemeentelijke gebouwen, die 2% van het energiegebruik voor hun rekening nemen. In
de praktijk gaat het naast het plaatsen van zonnepanelen vooral om energiebesparing via
verlichting en slim energiebeheer, vertelt Perez Figueras. Opvallend is de nauwkeurigheid
waarmee ze exacte getallen toont voor reductie in energiegebruik en emissies. Kennelijk is er
veel tijd en energie gestoken in het meten van deze cijfers. Gemeente Viladecans wil haar
eigen CO2-uitstoot reduceren met 33%, maar hoe de overige 98% van de emissies moeten
worden verlaagd? Dat vergt een slimme aanpak, aldus Perez Figueras.
Ook is een visie voor de lange termijn nodig. 'Het is mogelijk om in 2050 wereldwijd 95% van de
energie uit duurzame bronnen te halen,' meldt Kees van der Leun van Ecofys bij zijn presentatie
van het Energy Report, 100% duurzaam in 2050. De vraag naar energie stijgt, terwijl de
voorraden olie en gas opraken. Ook is het nodig om te verduurzamen om de CO2-uitstoot te
reduceren. Met name energiebesparing speelt een belangrijke rol, zegt Van der Leun. ’Er moet
in industrie, transport en gebouwen vol ingezet worden op energiebesparing om het
energiegebruik stabiel te houden ondanks de groei van de wereldeconomie.' Voor
elektriciteitsopwekking is een groot aantal duurzame bronnen voorhanden, vaak nu al rendabel
op basis van energiekosten. Ecofys verwacht zelfs een felle concurrentie tussen de
verschillende duurzame bronnen vanaf 2030. Verdergaande elektrificatie en energiebesparing
zijn nodig om de doelen voor 2050 te halen, vertelt Van der Leun. Europa zal relatief veel
gebruik maken van duurzame bronnen als waterkracht en windenergie. In andere continenten
zal zonne-energie meer dominant zijn, meldt Van der Leun. Hij vindt het project Desertec,
waarbij zonnepanelen in Noord-Afrika stroom leveren voor Europa, veelbelovend, maar in het
scenario voor 2050 speelt Desertec geen rol omdat we dit niet afhankelijk hebben willen maken
van koppelingen tussen de werelddelen, aldus Van der Leun.
Een andere factor is de huidige economische situatie. De financiële crisis heeft een sterke
invloed op energieprojecten, meldt Emyr Poole van het Britse Homes and Communities Agency.
‘Energiebesparing wordt belangrijker. De relatief kleine investeringen zijn snel terugverdiend.
Dat maakt het vooral interessant voor bestaande woningen.’ Maar voor nieuwbouw ligt het een
stuk lastiger vanwege de huidige economische situatie. ‘Door de financiële crisis moeten we
15
creatiever zijn,’ zegt Poole. Engeland wil alle nieuwe huizen vanaf 2016 energieneutraal maken.
Op dit moment wordt het nationale beleid lokaal geïmplementeerd.
Andere gemeenten in Groot Brittannië kunnen daarbij leren van het cRRescendo-project in
Milton Keynes, dat in de zestiger jaren is ontworpen als nieuwe stad. Volgens Poole lijkt de
Britse stad op Almere, vanwege de moderne bouw. Milton Keynes beschikt als een van de
weinige steden in Groot Brittannië over een warmtekrachtcentrale, die warmte produceert voor
de woningen, en een zonne-energiecentrale, voor levering van stroom.
Leren van fouten
‘We moeten leren van onze fouten,’ meldt Gavin Killip van de Universiteit van Oxford. Hij toont
een foto van een woning in Ajaccio met op het schuine dak een zonnepaneel waarop
slagschaduw valt van een hoger liggend gebouw. Kenners weten dat schaduw op een
zonnepaneel de opbrengst aan stroom drastisch verlaagt. ‘Dit is het resultaat van een
compromis,’ legt Killip uit. Gemeente Ajaccio wil zonnepanelen uit het zicht houden vanwege
‘cultuurbehoud’, waardoor ze niet op de hoger gelegen daken mochten worden geplaatst.
‘Hierdoor ontstaat een gat tussen het ontwerp en de uiteindelijke prestatie van een
technologische innovatie,’ meldt Killip. De onderzoeker ontdekte ook dat de bewoners in Ajaccio
te maken kregen met drie verschillende systemen voor het energiebeheer, die ze niet wisten te
gebruiken. Volgens Killip zijn deze resultaten uit het cRRescendo-project slechts het topje van
de ijsberg en is meer socio-economisch onderzoek nodig om te achterhalen waarom
technologische innovaties niet altijd werken en hoe de tekortkomingen zijn te verbeteren. ‘We
moeten er niet van uitgaan dat alles goed gaat.’
Dat de resultaten ook wel eens meevallen blijkt uit de presentatie van Antonin van de Bree van
Ecofys. Hij toont de resultaten van de Zonnewoningen, PassiefHuizen en de zogeheten
ecowoningen in Almere. ‘De energiezuinige huizen presteren per vierkante meter beter dan
verwacht.’ De totale CO2-uitstoot van de woning ligt echter hoger dan vooraf was aangegeven.
Dat komt doordat de woningen groter zijn gebouwd dan ze oorspronkelijk waren, de
referentiewoningen. ‘Om de CO2-uitstoot verder te verlagen zouden de huizen kleiner moeten
worden uitgevoerd of een hogere ambitie moeten nastreven,’ zegt Van de Bree. Ook ziet hij een
grote spreiding optreden in het energiegebruik versus oppervlak. ‘Deze variatie hangt niet
alleen af van de grootte en de bouw van het huis, maar ook van de bewoners.’ Van de Bree
waarschuwt voor de aangeprezen energiezuinigheid of duurzaamheid van woningconcepten in
de markt. De verkopende partijen gebruiken kwalificaties voor de woningen die moeilijk zijn hard
te maken, zoals ‘meer dan passief, extra wooncomfort, goede verhouding tussen
vloeroppervlak en gebouwschil, etc.’. Volgens Van de Bree bestaan er verschillende
woningconcepten voor duurzaam bouwen, waarvan het passiefhuis de bekendste is. Voor de
woningen in Almere zijn er twee van deze concepten gebruikt: de zonnewoning en het
passiefhuis. ‘Klanten moeten zich vooraf goed informeren en bij voorkeur een onafhankelijke
controle laten uitvoeren voor de mate van energiezuinigheid en duurzaamheid.’
Foto’s van zonnewoningen in Almere zijn gemaakt door o.a. Hub Smulders tijdens de excursie
met de bus. Een selectie hiervan staat op http://www.crrescendo.net/confpics/
16
Presentations cRRescendo confeRRence
Thursday 13th October 2011
17
On behalf of our lady Mayor Annemarie Jorritsma I want to express her regrets that she can’t be with us. She asked me to share with you the following: ... Dear participants of the cRRescendo confeRRence: citizens of Almere and Holland, and other Europeans citizens. I am honored to welcome you, though I am sorry not to be physically present due to another urgent commitment. The European subsidized cRRescendo project and the lessons learnt are close to my heart, and I will tell you why. I came to Almere only 8 years ago. Before that time I lived for a long time in Friesland, where I fell in love with the typical Dutch panoramic view of flat and wet pastures. Here in the province of Flevoland I experience the same feeling for this almost identical polder landscape. With views reaching to the horizon and of course the so‐called Dutch Light as painted by our famous Dutch masters from our Golden Age. This phenomenon is probably caused by the reflection of light against clouds in the sky and the water below. It is so nice to experience this Dutch Light with the wind through your hair, whilst strolling thoughtlessly along the dyke. The first time I realized I was living almost in the middle of nature, was when I noticed a young fox in our garden. In Almere en Flevoland one can have the best of two worlds. You can live in the countryside near the city or you can live in the city near the countryside. My family and I have built our own dream house, and that is where I feel connected to the cRRescendo project. As a Mayor of this city I did not only want to live comfortably but I also wanted to be an example to our citizens. Therefore my dream house had to be a highly sustainable house. Not too high (and thus expensive) as I did not want to raise false expectations, but surely not too low as it should really challenge the citizens of Almere. So the connection I feel to the project, is that cRRescendo also has high but realistic ambitions to be demonstrated in current building practices. Just as in my own experiences there were surprises and disappointments to deal with; often very practical, but sometimes even very fundamental, problems had to be solved. The Lessons Learnt in your project will pave the way for many after you, when or, better, IF you know HOW to disseminate the knowledge. This is often forgotten: to share the knowledge gained. I have understood that cRRescendo is not going to forget this in this final project year, as is illustrated by the today’s conference. I really regret I can’t be with you today and I wish you good luck with the interesting presentations, the lively discussions and the excursion to Almere’s Energy Rich districts and, not to forget, the striking Almere Sun Island, visited by many people and delegations already. And when you drive through the polder, I hope that the other Europeans among you will experience, just like us from Almere and Holland, a tiny little bit of that splendid so‐called polder‐feeling. ... This was the message by our lady Mayor. I will continue with my own short introduction into the cRRescendo project and the dissemination of our results: I will guide you through the project in just a view slides. Emil ter Horst Coordinator cRRescendo and chairman of the conference Almere, 13 October 2011 18
19
cRRescendo ambitions
• Over 10,000 people in energyefficient homes in 4 EU cities
• Showcases sustainable building
• Examples other communities
• Learning through research
• Dissemination and publicity
Introduction to cRRescendo confeRRence
Emil ter Horst, coordinator cRRescendo
October 13, 2011
The Consortium
The Consortium
Municipality ALMERE
Ecofys
NUON
NMFF
Homes and Communities Agency
MILTON KEYNES Council
USEA/NEF
Arup
Oxford University
Municipality AJACCIO
Adème Corse
Municipality VILADECANS
VIMED, VIGIP
MISTERBIANCO, SAN-DE-SENART, SOFIA
CRRescendo:
An Acronym that suits Concerto Combined
Rational and
Renewable
Energy
Strategies in
Cities, for
Existing and
New
Dwellings to ensure
Optimal quality of life
Research
Dissemination
Efficient Urbanisation
Aerea
SocioSocioeconomic
Building
aspects
Sustainability
20
Demo Ajaccio
Demo Almere
• Renewable Energy Sources:
– 550 kWp PV
– 1,5 ha Sun Island
• Ecobuilding
– 2217 sustainable homes
– 400 solar houses; 104 passive
• Polygeneration
– district heating
• Renewable Energy
– solar collectors
– 163 kWp PV solar
• Ecobuilding
– Social housing in old centre
– Public office building energie-zero
– Refursbish 419 flats in new areas
– Refursbish 5 flats in old centre
Demo Milton Keynes
Demo Viladecans
– 165 kWp PV on bus station roof
• Ecobuilding
– 441 apartments
– 20,000 m2 office
• Polygeneration
– CHP
– 342 kWp PV solar
– 191 m2 solar thermal collectors
• Ecobuilding
– 5 public eco-buildings
21
Vera Dam
Coördinator Sustainabilty
Almere
Content presentation
of sustainability
• From Almere 1.0 to Almere 2.0
• From inspiration to practice
Almere 2.0 and the
Almere Principles
• The start of a transition
13 oktober 2011
From Almere 1.0
to 2.0
Almere a national
icon
Almere’
Almere’s second beginning
22
The Almere Principles
THEME
AREA
ALMERE a city as a lab for sustainability
• Sustainabilty Agenda Almere 2.0
• Food & Agriculture
Planet
• Energy
• Mobility
• Poort
(Columbuskwartier + Cascadepark)
• Hout
(Stichtsekant + Nobelhorst)
• Water
People
• Building
•“I Build on my own”
• Co-creation
• Low-Energy houses
• Co-Makership
• Economic Development Board
• Sustainable enterprices
Prosperity
• Nobelhorst
(A6 Park + Stichtsekant)
• Innovation & Knowledge
• Almere Principles portfolio
Process
Almere Principles in
practice
• integral area development tender
Cultivate diversity
practice
Design contest Columbuskwartier
• new stakeholder cooperation
• social sustainability urban district:
defining posibilities
Connect place and context
Coastal zone Almere Poort
• development of unique coastal line
• introduction new landscape: dunes
• large scale introduction of healthy
systems: sustainable energy
production, sustainable building,
local drainage rainwater, etc.
• start tender/plan: June 2007/April
2008
• start: March 2005/Jan 2008
practice
• breeding ground for green urbanity
Combine city and nature
practice
Urban estate De Kemphaan
• new cultural heart for Almere
• multiple functions: urban
agriculture, biological market,
environmental education, biological
restaurant, e.a.
• urban fabric: multiple use of space
• car free shopping center
• underground waste handling system
• energy supply: waste heat (CHP)
23
Anticipate change
City center Almere
practice
• new planning instruments
Continue innovation
practice
Sustainability park Cascadepark
• 6.900 m2 netto collectorsurface
• Climate neutral office (Dura
Vermeer)
Design healthy systems
Solar Island Almere
• 9750 GJ heat per year
• 11% renewable energy (home/year)
• design contest sustainable building
• 50% CO2-reduction (+ CHP)
• design contest KlokHUIS
• 4th biggest installation in world
• participatory management public
space
• unique design & urban integration
• sustainable business development
practice
• 10,5 km underground pipe system
practice
Airborne waste underground
• Windpark Windboog A27
• 300 disposal points + litterbins
• number of turbines: 10
• 3 waste fractions (GFG, paper, garbage)
• rotor diameter: 90 meters
• one of the largest systems in world
• hubheight: 100 meters
• capacity: 20 MW
• start operation: september 2007
• owner: Foundation
practice
• display of private development
Empower people to make the city
Homeruskwartier
• number of dwellings: 3.000
• innovation in urban development,
tendering, building industry, e.a.
• start operation: november 2007
24
Renewable energy production
International benchmark DGO
Optimal Sustainability
Shareholder Value
Leadership
Flight Path
Eco-efficient Design
Eco-effective Design
Future
Time
Present
©2006, McDonough Braungart Design Chemistry
Almere a national lab for
applied sustainability
Start of a transition
ROLES & ACTIVITIES
Sustainabilty Center
Develop
ment
Experts intern
Social partners
Anchor & evaluate
Almere Schaalsprong!
30%
stabilisatie
Sustainabilty Team
Support & connect
50%
versnelling
Initiate & prioritise
Cascadepark
Zoneiland Almere
Columbuskwartier
Kustzone Poort
Hout Noord
20%
take-off
Knowledge institutes
voorontwikkeling
2004
07
08
09
200?
Time
Tijdschrift P+
Bouwtrends
Platform
Bewoners en DuBo
C2C Planet
Planet Prosperity
Foundation
Nieuw Flevolands Peil
DRIFT
Climate Adaptation Lab
Arena Almere
Duurzaam
(Erasmus University)
COMMUNICATION
Habiforum
(TU-Delft)
DEPW Duurzame
Gebiedsontwikkeling
MARKETING
Climate Design &
Sustainability
Natuur en Milieu
Flevoland
PROCESS
CONTENT
PARTIES
APPLICATION
Sustainability
Center
(TU-Delft)
Regieraad Bouw
ALMERE
PSI Bouw
Competentiecentrum
Transities
(SenterNovem)
Nat. Programma
Leren voor DO
(SenterNovem)
KNOWLEDGE
ORGANISATION
LEARNING
MANAGEMENT
Center for Sustainability
(Nyenrode Business University)
WUR
MNP
Klimaat voor Ruimte
Kamer van Koophandel
Flevoland
Mayors League of
Entrepeneurs Almere
meshwork
25
Experts extern
Vera Dam
Coordinator Sustainabilty Almere
Almere,
a national icon
for sustainability!
26
There is no energy crisis
How to boil an egg?
• Energy efficiency world wide is about 2%
• The sun gives us in one hour more energy than the world consumes
in a year
Prof. Dr. Ad van Wijk
20-10-2011
• Renewable energy is everywhere but dispersed
Delft
University of
Technology
Titel van de presentatie
2
Challenge the future
Ringing at the Door
Boiling an egg
3
Moving by car
4
Flows of solar energy
Solar radiation intercepted by the earth 5.450.000 EJ/yr
Solar radiation reflected by the earth
1.640.000 EJ/yr
Solar energy involved in direct heating
2.550.000 EJ/yr
Solar energy involved in evaporation
1.260.000 EJ/yr
Solar energy utilized in photosynthesis
World wide energy use 2007
5
3.150 EJ/yr
500 EJ/yr
27
6
Traditional energy chain:
from source to service
The energy revolution
•Energy buildings
•LED light
•All electric, DC smart
•Mobile power plants
7
The Closed Greenhouse
Energy buildings
•
Energy use for heating and cooling our buildings is roughly 25% of
all energy.
•
But why do we use energy in our buildings?
• In winter time it is too cold and we have to heat our buildings
• In summer time it is too hot and we have to cool our buildings
•
Total control of temperature, humidity and CO2 levels in a greenhouse
Advantages:
• Produce, not consume, energy
• re-use of irrigation water 90%
• reduced use of pesticides 90%
• increased crop production 25%
• improved process control
It is not an energy problem it is a storage problem
9
10
The Energy Wall
The Energy Wall
8
11
28
12
The Harp
LED light
• LED is efficient and will change the lighting systems;
•Very small light source
•Less heat production
•Integration in walls, floors, ceilings,
•Integration in products, furniture, clothes
•Interactive
•Multi functional
•Adaptive
13
LED light in the kitchen
14
LED light in greenhouses
LED light plants
LED light roses
LED light; higher yield, lower energy consumption
15
16
Interactive LED art,
Maastunnel Rotterdam
LED lighted Buildings
Shanghai, China
Linz, Austria.
Barcelona, Agbar tower
http://www.studioroosegaarde.net/project/dune-4-1/
The window color changes with the broadcasted music
17
29
18
All electric, DC smart
All electric
•
In a future energy supply, households and companies can be both
energy consumers and producers
•
Electricity could be produced by solar systems, small wind turbines,
piezo-electricity, biogas and biomass
•
Fuel cell cars can produce electricity and deliver it to the grid as well
•
Electric cars can store electricity in their battery system, which can be
used to feed in the grid in order to balance supply and demand
•
The new energy infrastructure will therefore link electricity generation,
heating / cooling and transport.
• Smart Grids
• Combination energy and information technology
• Optimal control on demand, suppy and storage
• Two way grid
• Smart metering with information about demand, suppy and price
• Intelligent agents for trading locally
• DC
• Easy (no reactive power)
• Less losses
• Almost all appliances use DC
• No unnecessary conversion losses from local production (solar,
wind) to demand and storage (batteries)
19
Tesla versus Edison
AC versus DC
The AC - DC battle
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g17f9J1-rk&feature=pyv&ad=6527221297&kw=smart%20grid
VS
Thomas Edison
11 february 1847, West Orange
DC distribution
20
Nikola Tesla
10 July 1856, New York
AC distribution
21
22
Mobile power plant
Mobile power plant
• 7 million cars in the Netherlands times 50 kW is
350.000 MW, which is over 20 times present
capacity
• Cars are in operation 7% of their time
• 0.5 million new cars per year in the Netherlands.
Times 80 kW is 40.000 MW new capacity per
year. More than 2 times present installed capacity
• 0.5 million new cars per year times 25 kWh
storage capacity in an electric car, means 12.5
GWh storage capacity.
• In one year we can completely change our
electricity system
23
30
24
How to boil an egg?
Think different
25
31
The CONCERTO Initiative
CONCERTO
CONCERTO
58 communities
58 countries
communities
23
23 countries
Diversity of Solutions for
Different Regions of Europe
Valerie Bahr
Steinbeis-Europa-Zentrum, Stuttgart, Germany
Almere, 13.10.2011
Integrating multiple technologies and a combination of measures:
Energy efficiency
Renewable Energy
Integrating all aspects - CONCERTO cities an communities
work together to create and implement innovative solutions
Polygeneration
They are
 bringing together all key actors
 designing and retrofiting high performance buildings
 integrated in an intelligent energy management system
 monitoring and analysing energy performance and
emissions´ savings
INTEGRATIVE APPROACH
 monitoring the social, environmental and economic
benefits
Research
Monitoring
Training
CONCERTO Plus / CONCERTO Premium
 Assesses implementation through technical and
socio-economic monitoring activities
 The evaluation of the first 9 projects has been realised by
CONCERTO – Plus (Lead: Austrian Institute of Technology)
 Analyses planning and implementation mechanisms
 Derives recommendations for policy frameworks
 The evaluation of the next 13 projects will be realised by
CONCERTO – Premium (Lead: Steinbeis-Europa-Zentrum)
32
CONCERTO in Figures
CONCERTO Initiative – General Results
Quantitative results:
Funding
• 530,000 tons of CO2 emissions reductions per year
Total eligible costs (CONCERTO 1&2):
ca. 222.000.000 EUR
• 1,830,000 m² built to ambitious energy performance
standards
Energy efficiency
new
refurbishment
Residential
770.000 m²GFA
300.000 m²GFA
Non residential
109.000 m²GFA
69.000 m²GFA
• 5.2 million people live in CONCERTO cities; 570,000 people
affected by CONCERTO activities
• 20% reduction in electricity use; 30% reduction of heating
energy use
Energy generation
Installed PV capacity (large scale)
ca. 2,1 MWp
Installed PV capacity (small scale)
ca. 0,9 MWp
Installed CHP-el
ca. 18.600 MWel
Installed CHP-th
ca. 15.600 MWth
CONCERTO Initiative – General Results
Qualitative results - Citizens in CONCERTO cities
 are positive about the effects of the proposed
developments
 foresee the stimulation of the local economy through
new services, the possibility for new jobs, increase in the
regional attractiveness, etc.
CONCERTO communities
Challenges and factors of success
Results from CONCERTO Plus
1. Planning and implementation process
How Did Communities Succeed in…
1. Planning process and implementation process
a.Scoping the project – setting the objectives
Gaining the residents´ acceptance
2. Overall energy performance
CONCERTO experience:
–strong identification of the inhabitants
–conducting initial consultations with inhabitants when
planning building improvements
–information campaigns and surveys even before the
demonstration activities start
–neighborhood development programmes
–define sustainability targets (eg Sustainable Energy Action
Plans on a city scale )
3. Integration of renewable energy sources and
energy efficiency
4. Socio economic impact
33
b. Involving the relevant actors from the start –
a prerequisite for success
a.Scoping the project – setting the objectives
Gaining the residents´ acceptance
Stakeholders involved in CONCERTO communities
Success factor:
–‘one size fits all’? No!
–take into account the individual characteristics of the city
–level of centralisation or decentralisation of a country is the
foremost element playing a role in the decision process
CONCERTO A Cities´Guide to a Sustainable Built Environment ;2010
–Local and regional authorities:
–Energy suppliers:
• public authorities coordinate the entire planning process
• energy supply companies and municipal utility providers are
almost evenly divided between the private and the public sector
• working in conjunction with municipal utility companies and
private energy supply companies to produce consensus
findings strongly advised before starting activities
 avoid and minimise any future barriers
–Energy agencies:
• collaborate with or act as consultants to local authorities and
other stakeholders
• Combine technical, economic, and social and
communication expertise
–Developers and building owners:
–Funding bodies:
• responsible for the designing and constructing the buildings
and facilities
• housing associations play an important role in promoting
energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy sources in
their buildings as they typically build, own and operate
buildings
• Generally contribute a substantial portion of funds
necessary to support energy-efficient building initiatives
Installed capacity of renewable energy technoliges (MW)
–End users (residents’ associations and facility managers)
–Public-private partnerships (PPP):
• can be very beneficial, through combining and sharing public
and private sector budgets, skills, knowledge and expertise
• PPP’s achieve innovation and diversity in the provision of
public services
CONCERTO OVERALL ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF THE 26 COMMUNITIES – EXECUTIVE SUMMARY, 2011; CONCERTO Plus
34
Delivered energy from renewable energy sources
Installed capacity of renewable energy systems
and cogeneration plants
Generated energy from renewable energy sources
and cogeneration plants
Repartition of the total avoided CO2-emissions (in tCO2/a)
according to different measures in CONCERTO
Cities and communities should follow a triple
approach:
Cities and communities to follow a triple approach:
2)The new-neighbourhood approach
1)The city approach
large scale biogas generation plants, wind turbines, gas
cogeneration plants and waste incinerators 
highest amount of avoided CO2-emissions
• neighbourhood planning should always be done in a way to
minimize energy use
 combination new neighbourhood approach with the city
approach is crucial
• take into account existing energy infrastructure characteristics
• Combining these supply-side measures with a target-group
centered approach
 very effective way to implement measures covering entire
municipal areas
BUT: not sufficient enough to guarantee a sustainable urban
energy system development
3) The existing neighbourhood approach
• highest savings in CONCERTO:
 thermal renovation measures combined with
 supply-side measures eg connection to district heating
infrastructure, construction of a heat distribution network in
the neighbourhood to distribute heat from small-scale CHP or
biomass boilers
35
energy efficiency
energy efficiency
Integration of solar thermal collector:
a.Combination of RES measures implemented in new
neighbourhood development projects and neighbourhood
renovation projects
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Photovoltaic
Large scale solar thermal connected to district heating
Solar thermal
Wind power plant
CHP
Polygeneration power plant
Ground coupled heat pump
Absorption chiller
Co-firing of biomass in existing CHPPellet boilers
Storage of domestic waste
Biomass boilers connected to district heating
Biogas CHP plant connected to district heating
Solar Island Almere
Roof integration:
Amorbach neighboourhood in Neckarsulm
Stadium in Grenoble
energy efficiency
energy efficiency
Faҫade integration:
b.Demand-side EE renovation measures implemented:
•
•
•
•
•
KECO-building in Neckarsulm
Soalr air collectors in Falkenberg (Vaxthuset neighbourhood)
Thermal insulation of outside walls
Thermal insulation of roof or upper slab
Replacement of windows
Improvement of air tightness
Replacement and adaptation of heating/cooling systems in
building
Shading or projecting roof:
Park house in Nantes
Columbuskartier in Almere)
energy efficiency
energy efficiency
Performance improvements by applying different
scenarios
CONCERTO experience/added value:
–No “one size fits all”
–a CONCERT of combinations
36
1.Designing socio-economic activities and
measuring success
•
•
•
•
2.Refurbishment in low-income areas
•
•
From the beginning, concepts have been clearly
defined, comprehensive and tailored to the specific
characteristics of the project
Implementation of measures affecting residents
have been communicated
residents have been informed and involved in the
activities from the outset and throughout all phases
of the project,
Information campaigns and surveys were started
even before the demonstration activities began
(especially for renovation projects)
•
3.Triggering householders´ energy behaviour
•
•
•
•
•
•
Participation as a key method
Residents identifying with the refurbishment
activities
A balance between correct management of
public real estates and sustainability of the costs
for low-income households.
4.Coping with the environmental and economic
dimensions;
stakeholders
identify with their district (CONCERTO area) and
are proud to live or work there
appreciate the changes brought about by the
CONCERTO initiative
are satisfied with the better image of the district /
block of flat
welcome the higher comfort levels
are positive about the perceived effects and
planned measures because of expected overall
economic benefits
value the CONCERTO measures because they
enable improvements in the image of the district
and help enhance the sense of place and quality
of life
•appreciate improvements in the quality of life and the
reduction in their environmental footprints through
CONCERTO measures
•perceive a certain stimulation of the local economy
through new services, the possibility for new jobs,
increased skills through local training measures,
increase in the local control of energy
•appreciate CONCERTO measures as means to
improve or enhance the image and standing of the
district and hence increase the property value and local
appeal.These factors may help attracting new
investment
Main conclusions:
• there is no „one size“ fits all
• a „CONCERT“ of combinations
Thank you for your attention
Valerie Bahr
CONCERTO Premium
Steinbeis-Europa-Zentrum, Stuttgart, Germany
37
Serial Passive Housing
and future innovation
I
Thursday 13th October 2011
Almere
Pieter Hameetman
AM sustainable
103 Passive houses in Almere
Focus on optimizing the technology
A different way of economic entrepreneurship
Next step is economic optimization
Focus on three aspects
1.The client is a starting point for
optimization
2.Integral thinking
3.Calculations based on a life-time
approach
38
Economic optimization
Residential costs
Energy bill
NL Building code 2011 Passive house
=
Residential costs
=
energy costs plus
mortgage costs
BAM Green house
reference house
small large
large
completely
energy costs natural gas heating
solar system
solar system
solar system
energy plus mortgage costs balanced ventilation
EPC = 0,6
natural gas EPC = 0,4
heat pump
EPC = 0,25
nutral
Energy use
Use of natural gas
Use of electricity
927 m3
510 m3
315 m3
0 m3
0 m3
3.402 kWh
3.402 kWh
3.022 kWh
4.334 kWh
0 kWh
Costs use natural gas
€
505 €
278 €
171 €
Costs use electricity
€
735 €
735 €
653 €
Natural gas
€
192 €
192 €
192 €
‐
Electricity
€
246 €
246 €
246 €
246 €
246 Electricity tax €
379‐ €
379‐ €
379‐ €
379‐ €
379‐
Maintenance
€
120 €
120 €
120 €
120 €
120 Annual energy invoice
€
1.419 €
1.192 €
1.004 €
924 €
13‐
Savings compared to reference
€
‐
227 €
415 €
495 €
1.432 Variable costs
Fixed costs
€
‐
€
‐
937 €
‐
€
reference house
small natural gas heating
solar system
balanced ventilation
EPC = 0,4
Annual energy invoice
€
1.419 €
€
‐
Costs of mortgage
Additional costs in contract price excluding VAT
Home sales price including VAT Interest costs 5.5% per year
Energy costs
42% tax reduction
BAM Green house
large
large
completely
solar system solar system
energy natural gas heat pump
nutral
EPC = 0,35
EPC = 0,25
1.192 €
1.004 €
924 €
13‐
227 €
415 €
495 €
1.432 €
€
‐ €
16.000 €
10.000 €
12.000 €
30.500 €
€
200.000 €
11.000 €
221.325 €
12.173 €
213.328 €
11.733 €
215.994 €
11.880 €
240.650 13.236 5.559‐
€
4.620‐ €
5.113‐ €
4.928‐ €
4.989‐ €
Net financing costs
€
6.380 €
7.060 €
6.805 €
6.890 €
7.677 Savings compared to reference
€
‐
€
680‐ €
425‐ €
510‐ €
1.297‐
‐
€
‐
Total housing costs
Total housing costs
Housing costs after 20 year
Total housing costs
€
7.799 €
€
8.252 €
7.809 453‐ €
10‐ €
€
7.814 15‐ €
€
7.664 135 The cooperative GEN
14 companies signed a contract with the
Residential costs =
energy costs + mortgage costs small large
large
completely
solar system
solar system
solar system
energy balanced ventilation
EPC = 0,6
heat pump
EPC = 0,25
nutral
€
€
€
Housing costs
€
‐
€
€
€
453‐ €
€
‐
8.864 €
9.875 9.828 €
48 €
7.809 10‐ €
€
274‐ €
€
‐
8.252 €
8.590 €
7.799 €
Dutch Government and the Location
BAM Green house
reference house
natural gas heating
8.297 9.052 €
15‐ €
€
293 €
€
7.814 €
823 €
8.261 for energy neutral area development
7.664 135 €
329 €
8.923 Valkenburg to provide the knowledge
7.661 929 €
952 €
7.657 Industry:
Energy companies:
Support:
Royal BAM Group
Eneco
Rabobank
ZEN Renewables
Alliander
Royal Haskoning SMC
Nefit / Bosch Group
Nuon
KPMG
Rockwool
Eversheds Faasen
Saint-Gobain Isover Benelux BV
TNO
Cofely / GDF SUEZ Energy Services
2.218 Designing an energy-neutral area
Selling houses on housing costs | the e-calculator
1. In five steps to energy neutral housing
we balance the total living expenses
 Tool gives people insight
into their future energy use
2. How far will we go to make the homes
 Tool provides AM insight into
the energy profiles of the
residents
energy neutral
3. What remaining demand for
renewable energy we must resolve at
area level
39
Planned actions 2011 - 2012
Planned actions 2011 - 2012
3rd edition of Toolkit Sustainable
Toolkit Sustainable Area Development
Housing
Realised in 2011
Citycenter Almere Poort
Toolkit Sustainable Shopping Malls
Citycenter Almere Poort
I
Most sustainable shopping mall in NL
40
41
1
42
2
43
3
44
4
Columbuskwartier
Alex van Oost
dboost
& the pioneering Almere
mentality
Pioneering
Mentality
Connect place and context
13 October 2011
Developmen
t
PROGRAM
Almere 2.0
• Residential
• Work
• Ammeneties
stabilisation
960
small business park
4 schools
1 sports
center
accelaration
day care
center
supermarket
Cascadepark
Solar Island Almere
Columbuskwartier
Almere DUNE
Nobelhorst
take-off
pre development
2004
07
08
09
200?
Time
starting a transition
quantity to quality driven
incidental to inherent
45
cRRescendo
small scale
to large scale
February 20, 2008
component to concept
Inhoud
Verleiden en
verbinden
bleuprint plan to frame
plot to area procurement
46
Columbuskwartier
& the pioneering Almere
mentality
47
Contents
Sustainable Energy &
Development Utility
(DE-on)
•
•
•
•
•
vital coalition for renewables
Why did we start this project?
Analysis
What is it?
Key results feasibility study
Next steps
Jan Schouw
October 13, 2011
Why? Paradigm shift needed
Why? Political need!
3000
2500
• Target Flevoland:
2000
– 60% renewable energy in 2013 (excl. transport)
CO2 Neutral
baseline
Reduction
Net emission
Bend baseline
Acceleration RE
Net emission
1500
kton CO2/year
• Realisation 2009:
– 57%
• Mid 2009: Provincial Parliament filed a motion:
– “Improve sustainability of Flevoland's energy supply
while strengthening Flevoland's Economy”
– Use the revenues from the sales of our Dutch Energy
companies for this purpose (M € 6.5)
1000
500
0
-500
-1000
-1500
19
86
19
91
19
96
20
01
20
06
20
11
20
16
20
21
-2000
3
Why? Observations
Almere
Why? Key observations
• Growth RE is coming to a hold or has
not enough speed to realise our goals
• Market does “cherry picking” (only
highly profitable projects)
• Knowledge (technology, legal, financial
engineering, subsidies) is hugely
scattered
• Ambition: carbon neutral in 2025!
• A Carbon neutral Almere will not be
reached within the community borders;
– 45% can be reached within Almere in 2025
• Cooperation and use of surrounding areas
is needed.
– “Re-invent the wheel over & over again”
• Number of stakeholders is huge; each
project is a jig-saw puzzle with many
people/parties puzzling independently
4
5
6
48
Common ambitions in the
Flevoland region ...
Sustainable Energy & Development
Utility (DE-on) could be the
answer, if able to….
•
•
•
•
Zeewolde
Bundle, share and increase knowledge
Bundle projects under a DE-on portfolio
Engage investors in this new organisation
Invest "Cheap" money, long term
perspective, reasonable return on
investment (~5%)
Dronten
Flevoland
Lelystad
Noordoostpolder
Urk
Almere
– Public shareholders!
7
Feasibility Study DE-on: 4
key questions
Potential (Cost Curve)
Potential 2020 Flevoland (cost level 2010)
700
1. Is it financially feasible?
–
Cost curves
euro/ton CO2 (2010)
# jobs
3. Potential for cooperation?
–
PV eindgebruikerstarief
500
2. What’s the economical impact?
–
PV leveringstarief
600
Stakeholders analysis
4. What would be the legal and organisational
form for this new organisation?
400
biomassa
verbranding
diepe
geothermie
300
utiliteitsbouw
energiemanagement
200
100
biomassa,
vergisting
luchtwarmtepomp
bestaande
WKO
utiliteitsbouw
woningbouw
wind,
buitendijks
wind op
land
nieuwbouw, isolatie
0
-100 0
-200
-300
-400
-500
500
woningbouw naisolatie
1000
1500
luchtwarmtepomp
nieuwe woningbouw
zonthermisch
utiliteitsbouw ventilatie
luchtwarmtepomp
utiliteitsbouw isolatie
bestaande
woningbouw
utiliteitsbouw verlichting
reduction kton CO2/jaar (2020)
Potential: Impact Regional
Economy
‘Coalition of the Willing’
• Total Investment: 3.9 billion over a 10 year time period
• Assuming 40% autonomous growth DE-on will at least
create about 4.000 man-years of work
+ Indirect:
– Out-of-scope and not quantified
+ Through creation of huge RES & EE market suppliers of
RES & EE technology will be attracted (e.g. Germany
and Denmark)
– Out-of-scope and not quantified
+ Support economical basis for farmers, SMEs and citizens
– Additional income / lower and stable (energy) costs
49
2000
Value Chain, Scope & Roles
Forming
Ideas
Accelerator
Initiator
Knowledge
broker
Concept
Develop
ment
Project
Develop
ment
Realisation
Implemen
tation
Accelerator
Coordinator
Director
Knowledge
broker
Coordinator
Director
Knowledge
Broker
Facilitate
Developer
Facilitator
Investor
Financing
Exploitation
Financial
Guarantee
Operator
Financing
Participation
Shareholders
•Market
•Companies
•Citizens
Scope & Potential Roles DE-on
20 M€
20 + 20=
40 M€
(Next) steps
Multiplier
“slowFinancing
money”: 5
200 M€
•
•
•
•
•
Participation
20 M€
Shareholders
•Market
•Companies
•Citizens
Introducing DE-on concept (2009)
Feasibility study (2010)
Decision Go/no-Go Business Plan (2010)
Business Plan (2011)
Set up DE-on (2012)
Aantakken Markt + Banken:
Multiplier 2: 400 M€
Contact Details
• Arie van Beek
– arie.vanbeek@flevoland.nl
Thanks for your attention
• Jan Schouw
– jan.schouw@flevoland.nl
17
50
“Office Public de l’Habitat” is the territorial company for social housing in the south of Corsica. Its rents are about twice lower than standards. Indeed, our rent is about 5 € per square meter. In other words and we actually provide 1700 dwellings to modest families. Our goal is to improve their quality of life in additional to energy savings. It’s important to notice that the financial benefit of this retrofitting is only for our tenants’ bills. Over and above, legally, in France “the 2005 regulation” concerns only building constructions and not improvements. But even if we are not under an obligation to reduce the energy demand and we have no payback, we really, want to reduce the need of energy. That’s why, without the Concerto subsidy the price would have been way to expensive. Moreover, this renovation measures were designed and implemented on the tenant’s request. Besides, social and technical diagnostics showed that their wishes mainly regarded comfort and security aspects. Thus, you can find below 4 projects in the Concerto area focusing on the energy saving. SAINT JEAN Before After Before After The first one called Saint Jean 2 is composed of 4 buildings divided in 196 apartments built in the sixties (1963/1964). The retrofitting started in June 2008 and has just finished for an amount of 4.5 million Euros. The building improvement includes: • Creation of External thermal insulation of facades OFFICE PUBLIC DE L’HABITAT DE LA CORSE DU SUD
7, Avenue Colonel Colonna d’Ornano - BP 180 – 20178 Ajaccio cedex 1
Tel : 04.95.22.10.42 - Télécopie : 04.95.22.97.59
51
• Improvement of external thermal insulation of flat roofs • Replacement of main entrance • Replacement of old individual boilers (gas‐fired boilers) • Creation of Powered ventilation • Replacement of old windows by new ones with double glazing • Replacement of shutters (folding PVC shutters) • Standardization of electrical network • Improvement of water tightness • replacement of some old radiators by new ones with thermostatic valves All of these measures will reduce the global energy use of about 15 percent. ST JEAN 1 In the ten buildings of St Jean 1, we wanted to install PV panels. Regarding the investment in PV‐panels, the program has been canceled due to an amendment to the French law. Indeed nowadays the buying price of homemade energy by EDF has been decreased:  Buying price in 2009 – 0.438 € /KWh  Buying price in 2011 – 0.120 € /KWh The investment is not interesting anymore. PIETRALBA 2 Before After Before After The place called Pietralba 2, composed of ten buildings from the eighties and 89 apartments, will undergo the same kind of renovation measures as in St Jean 2 plus a new solar heating system that will replace the old one. (Actions are being taken on:  Lighting: o Presence detector and fluo‐compact in common parts 52
 Solar water collector 
Building envelope/Enclosure o External thermal insulation of facades o External thermal insulation of flat roofs o Old windows are replaced by new ones with double glazing o Replacement of entrance and landing doors  Heating o replacement of old radiators by new ones with thermostatic valves) The construction work will last for another 6 months from now except for solar (end in August 2011).) The energy saving will be about 40 percent and 60 percent for solar water heating. Monitoring has been launched. SAINT PAUL Before After Before After Saint Paul is a group of buildings from the eighties. The building improvement includes:  Replacement of mechanical ventilation  External thermal insulation and water tightness of flat roofs  Solar heating collector  Replacement of old individual boilers (gas‐fired boilers)  Replacement of shutters (folding PVC shutters) Construction work is just now finished over and monitoring has been launched. All of these measures will reduce the global energy use of about 15 percent and 60 percent for solar water heating. In addition, all of these building facades are or will be renovated. We are grateful to be linked to this European program. At the moment, we have had only great feedback from our tenants. We hope you will appreciate our work as well. 53
SUMMARY OFFICE PUBLIC DE L’HABITAT DE LA CORSE DU SUD
CONCERTO
Social Housing
Adeline Doridant 1
2
ff
Office Public de L’habitat
bl
b
SAINT JEAN 2
Territorial company for social housing
1700 dwellings
4 buildings, 196 apartments
Year of commissioning: 1963/1964
Total refurbishment: 4.9 million Euros
•
•
•
•
•
« One of our goals is to reduce the energy demand »
« The benefit of this retrofitting is only for our tenants, so there’s no payback »
•
Beginning: June 2008
End: September 2011
•
•
•
3
4
Before
After
The building improvement includes:
Creation of External thermal insulation of facades
Improvement of external thermal insulation of flat roofs
•
•
Replacement of main entrance
•
Replacement of old individual boilers (gas‐fired boilers)
Creation of Powered ventilation
•
•
Replacement of Old windows by new ones with double glazing
Replacement of shutters (folding PVC shutters)
•
Cliquez pour modifier les styles du texte du masque
•
Deuxième niveau
•
Troisième niveau
•
Quatrième niveau
•
Cinquième niveau
•
•
Standardization of electrical network •
Improvement of water tightness
•
Replacement of some old radiators by new ones with thermostatic valves
•
Reduction of global energy use: 15%
5
6
54
Saint Jean 1
Pietralba 2
Target: Install PV panels
7 buildings, 89 apartments
Year of commissioning: 1983
Total price: 3.5 millions euros
Amendment of the French law
Décret no 2011‐240 du 4 mars 2011 modifiant le décret no 2001‐410 relatif aux conditions d’achat de l’électricité produite par des producteurs bénéficiant de l’obligation d’achat
•
Arrêté du 4 mars 2011 fixant les conditions d’achat de l’électricité produite par les installations utilisant l’énergie radiative du soleil telles que visées au 3o de l’article 2 du décret no 2000‐1196 du 6 décembre 2000
•
Beginning: January 2010
End: April 2012
Except for solar (ended in august 2011)
•
•
•
Buying price:
0,438 €/kWh Tariff 2009
0.120 €/KWh Tariff 2011
Canceled
7
8
Before
AFTER
Lighting : Presence detector and fluo‐compact in public parts
Solar water collector
Building envelope/Enclosure
External thermal insulation of facades
External thermal insulation of flat roofs Replacing windows and add double glazing
Replacement of entrance and landing doors
Heating
replacement of old radiators by new ones with thermostatic valves
60% for solar water heating monitoring
9
10
Saint Paul
52 apartments
Year of commissioning: 1992
Total refurbishment: 2 millions euros
•
•
Replacement of mechanical ventilation
External thermal insulation and air tightness of flat roofs
Solar water collector
•
Beginning: January 2010
End: December 2010
•
•
Replacement of old individual boilers (gas‐fired boilers)
Replacement of shutters (folding PVC shutters)
60% for solar water heating
Monitoring
11
12
55
Before
AFTER
Thank you
13
14
56
The Energy Report - Transition to a fully sustainable global energy system by 2050
What’s the issue?
a. growing demand for energy
14
12
The Energy Report
Transition to a fully sustainable
global energy system by 2050
160
GDP
120
8
6
80
4
40
2
0
0
2000
Kees van der Leun
Almere, 13 October 2011
GDP (tn EUR) .
Population (bn)
10
From 2010 to 2050:
Population
2050
 Population +33%
 World economy (GDP):
+200%
 Demand for energy
services (industry,
buildings,
transportation) roughly
in line with GDP growth
Source: The Energy Report, WWF & Ecofys, 2011
1
What’s the issue?
What’s the issue?
b. fossil fuel supplies tight
c. CO2-emissions must be reduced
Scenarios that give the
world a chance to stay
below 2°C have:
• Emissions peak before
2020
• Emissions 60-70%
lower than now by
2050
Hardly any scenarios exist
with a change of staying
below 1.5°C
 Strong price increases to be expected
Source: IEA World Energy Outlook 2010
Source: UNEP, The Emissions Gap Report
2
3
Arctic Sea Ice, 10-09-2011
4
5
57
6
7
Key question
Answer
Is
a fully sustainable
global energy system
possible by 2050 ?
Yes
And the
Ecofys Energy Scenario
shows how it can be done..
8
9
Fossils are phased out over time as
renewables take up the challenge
500
Baseline:
~520 EJ/a
Fossil & Nuclear
Renewable Heat & Fuels
Renewable Power
Aggressive enduse energy
savings and
electrification
400
Final Energy (EJ/a)
Demand and supply are examined in 10
world regions
300
Remaining
fossil fuels
200
Substitution of
traditional by
renewable
sources
100
Source: Ecofys
0
2000
2010
2020
2030
2040

Europe

North America

Latin America

Russia and other Eurasia

Middle East

OECD Pacific

China

India

Rest of Asia

Source: Ecofys
Africa
Currently, the Scenario is only valid at the global level, but future regional
studies are possible
2050
10
11
58
Absolute energy use can be reduced
without a reduction in energy services
Activity increases, most strongly in
non-OECD regions
400
14
200%
Source: Ecofys
160
Population
10
250
200
Buildings
150
Transport
100
120
8
6
80
4
40
2
50
0
2000
2010
2020
2030
2040
0
0
Baseline (approx.)
Source: Ecofys
2000
GDP (tn EUR) .
Population (bn)
GDP
160%
Indexed activity / capita
Industry
Per-capita activity growth indexed on 2005
Source: Ecofys
180%
12
300
140%
120%
100%
80%
OECD - Industry
60%
OECD - Buildings
OECD - Transport
40%
non-OECD - Industry
non-OECD - Buildings
20%
non-OECD - T ransport
0%
2005
2050
2020
2035
2050
2050
12
13
Reduced demand for raw materials and
increased efficiency are key in industry
Stabilisation in energy demand in industry
through ambitious efficiency improvements
Production (bn. tonnes)
7
 Shift to current most efficient technologies
 Alternative production pathways and recycling
120
Fuels (not yet
replaceable)
80
Fuels
(A sectors)
60
High T Heat
(B sectors)
40
20
5
4
120
3
100
2
1
Source: Ecofys
0
2000
Indexed intensity (GJ/tonne)
Final energy (EJ/a)
100
Paper
Aluminium
Cement
Steel
6
Electricity
2010
2020
2030
2040
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
120%
80
60
40
20
100%
80%
0
2000
60%
St eel
Cement
Aluminium
Paper
40%
20%
2000
2010 2020
Source: Ecofys
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
Source: Ecofys
0%
Source: Ecofys
0
2000
Final energy (EJ / a)
 Material efficiency
2030 2040
2050
Activity and intensity graphs are only shown for Steel, Cement, Aluminium and Paper sectors for illustration. Other sectors are based on GDP growth projections
2050
‘A’ sectors = steel, cement, aluminium, paper; ‘B’ sectors: chemicals, food, other
14
15
Buildings: strongly reduce heat demand,
increase electrification
 New buildings: near-zero energy use
 Existing buildings: retrofitted at an ambitious rate
 Cooling: provided with renewable / local cooling solutions
400
 Solar water heating systems will provide half of all water needs
 Electric heat pumps will replace fuel use with renewable electricity
140
350
New stock
300
Current stock
250
200
140
150
120
100
50
Source: Ecofys
0
2000
120
In dexed demand (MJ/m2)
Heat - Low T
100
80
60
40
Electricity
20
2010
140%
2020
2030
2040
2020
2030
2040
2050
Source: Ecofys
120%
40%
20%
0%
80
60
40
Source: Ecofys
0
2000
80%
60%
100
20
100%
Res. - Elec.
Res. - Heat
Com. - Elec.
Com. - Heat
2010
Source: Ecofys
0
2000
160%
2010
Final energy (EJ/a)
Local
solutions
Stabilisation in buildings results from
ambitious energy efficiency improvements
Floor area (bn. m2)
Heating &
Cooling
Final energy (EJ/a)
Final energy (EJ/a)
GDP and population projections
Other
350
2020
2030
2040
2050
2050
Floor area and specific energy use are shown for Residential sector only for illustrative purposes.
16
17
59
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
Renewables can provide all building
heat needs
Electrification is key to sustainability in
transport
 Space heating from:

No major reduction of travel volume

Ambitious modal shifts towards efficient transport modes, e.g. from car to rail

Ambitious assumptions on efficiency improvements in existing technologies

Decisive shift to electric forms of transport

Renewable fuels
 Decentralised solar heating and
 Centralised or district-level renewable sources:
geothermal, bioenergy
120
100
Building Heat
Fossil
90
Final energy (EJ/a)
Final energy (EJ/a)
Bio: Other
70
60
Bio:
Traditional
50
40
Geo
30
20
10
80
Fuel - Shipping
60
40
Fuel - Road/Rail
20
Solar Thermal
Source: Ecofys
Fuel - Aviation
100
80
Electricity
Source: Ecofys
0
2000
2010
2020
2030
2040
0
2000
2050
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
*Solar water heating in buildings is a decentralised energy source but shown here for completeness
18
19
The ambitious electrification allows us to
make maximum use of solar, wind, hydro etc.
400
80
70
Freight t ransport
60
Passenger travel
350
50
40
300
20
Final energy (EJ/a)
120
30
100
10
Source: Ecofys
0
2000
2010
2020
1.8
2030
2040
Final energy (EJ/a)
Intensity (MJ/pkm or tkm)
Transport (10
12
pkm or tkm)
Stabilisation in the transport sector through
ambitious energy efficiency improvements
2050
Passgr - Fuel
Passgr - Elec
1.6
1.4
1
60
40
20
Freight - Fuel
Freight - Elec
1.2
80
Source: Ecofys
0
2000
0.8
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
Heat and Fuels
250
200
150
100
Electricity
0.6
0.4
50
0.2 Source: Ecofys
0
Source: Ecofys
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
0
2000
Activity graph excludes shipping. Shipping energy demand is based on GDP growth and relative efficiency savings in line with other modes.
20
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
21
Electricity grids need to be upgraded
and extended for maximum RES power
100 % renewable electricity by 2050
100%
 Supply-driven sources limited by grid capacity in later years
90%
Maxiumum share from supply-driven sources
 Renewable electricity so abundant that options will compete
 Hydro, geothermal, CSP* and bioelectricity provide
demand-driven electricity
140
Nuclear Electricity
Oth(N):
Nuclear
Nuclear
Oil
Oil
Oth(O):
Electricity
Oil
Gas
Gas
Oth(G):
Electricity
Gas
Coal
Coal
Oth(C):
Electricity
Coal
Bio:
Crops
Bio: Crops
Bio(C):
Electricity
Bio:
Bio:Crops
Comp.Fellings
Bio: Comp.Fellings
Bio(F):
Electricity
Bio:
Bio:Comp.Fellings
Resid. & Waste
Bio:Resid.
Resid.
Waste
Bio(R):
Electricity
Bio:
&&Waste
Geothermal
Geothermal
Geo:
Electricity
Geothermal
Hydropower
Hydropower
Hydro
Hydropower
CSP
CSP Pow er
CSP
CS:
PV
Final energy (EJ/a)
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
2000
Source: Ecofys
2010
2020
2030
2040
Electricity
PV
PV
PV
Wave
& Tidal
Wave
Tidal
Wave
Tidal
W
ave&&
&
Tidal
Wind:
Off-shore
Wind:
Wind:Off-shore
Off-shore
Wind:
On-shore
W ind: Off-shore
80%
Limit placed on
supply-driven
electricity: PV,
Wave and Wind
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
2050
*CSP=Concentrated Solar Power
22
23
60
• capacity
• range of transmission lines
 Need R&D, e.g. for better
grid stability
• For ultra-high RES shares
beyond 2030 require:
20%
1. Grid improvements
10%
2. Demand side management
0%
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Wind: On-shore
Wind:
W
ind: On-shore
On-shore
 Grids should be wellconnected regionally;
need to increase
3. Storage
95% renewable energy worldwide by
2050 is possible
Nuclear
Coal
Natural gas
Oil
Bio: Algae
Bio: Crops
Bio: Complementary Fellings
Bio: Traditional
Bio: Residues & Waste
Hydropower
Geothermal Heat
Geothermal Electricity
Solar thermal
Concentrated Solar Heat
Concentrated Solar Power
Photovoltaic Solar
Wave & Tidal
Wind: Off-shore
Wind: On-shore
Source: Ecofys
350
Final energy (EJ/a)
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
2000
2010
2020
2030
2040
4%

Net annual costs
<2% before 2030

Net annual savings
>2% by 2050

CapEx peaks at
~3% in 2030,

Savings increase steadily
to
~3.5% in 2050

3%
2%
% of global GDP
400
Global net costs will peak below 2% of GDP,
and will turn to net savings after 2035
1%
0%
-1%
-2%
Barriers:
 Short-term planning
-3%
 Initial investments are
still large
-4%
CapEx
OpEx
Net costs
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
2050
24
25
The new energy system has huge
advantages
The new energy system has
contingencies
 Sustainable energy supply system is affordable based on cost of
energy alone
 The Energy Report is based on technology available now
 Strong CO2 emission reduction
 CCS was not included
 New technology becoming available in the period to 2050 will
further improve the system
 This can further improve the emission reduction
 Enough to give the world a good chance of avoiding more than
2 degrees (average) global warming
 Bio+CCS may be used to get CO2 out of the atmosphere
 Actual developments are often faster than we anticipated
 Environmental benefits from reducing fossil fuel use: air and water
pollution
 For example, PV solar energy reaching cost price of € 0.10 per
kWh in sunny regions now
 Carbon costs have not been factored in
 Accounting for savings from avoided carbon emissions would
further improve the financial outcomes
26
27
Action points to reach a fully
sustainable global energy system
The Energy Scenario requires strong actions
from all stakeholders to be realised
400
 Maximise energy efficiency
to stabilise and
reduce demand
 Electrify to shift demand
to the most abundant
renewable energy sources
 Prepare
electricity grids for high
supply-driven share
 Scale up
renewable power
options
 Supply residual
fuel and heat demand with
sustainable bio-energy
 Make initial
investments to reap
net savings by 2040
 Action by all stakeholders
is required now
to change direction
Source: The Energy Report, WWF & Ecofys, 2011
Source: Ecofys
350
Demand
Final energy (EJ/a)
300
250
200
Setting
frameworks
 (Incentives
for) achieving
performance
standards
on efficiency
Investing
in the
future
 Investment into
retrofits
 Investments &
R&D into
infrastructure
150
100
50
0
2000
2010
Supply
 Enable
& incentivise
shift to a
100% RES
power
system
 Investments
& R&D into
grids
2040
2050
28
29
61
“It isn’t that they can’t see the
solution. It’s that they can’t
see the problem”
Sustainable Energy Action Plan (SEAP) of Viladecans
Carmen Pérez Figueras
Almere, 13th October 2011
Gilbert K. Chesterton
Background
Background
• Viladecans
Plenary
meeting
approved
Aalborg letter adhesion on 13th June 1996
• Viladecans signed the Vilafranca Declaration
for preventing Climate Change on 12nd
May 2005
• On 10th October 1997 Viladecans approved
the adhesion to “Towns Network towards
Sustainability”
• On 12th July 2005, Municipal Assembly for
Environment and Sustainability was
constituted
• Local Agenda 21 was approved on 15th April
1999
• On 23rd April 2005, Viladecans approved the
Municipal Law for Solar Energy
• On 17th December 2003, Viladecans
presented cRRescendo in the frame of
Concerto call for proposals.
• Viladecans signed the adhesion to Covenant
of Mayors on 23rd October 2008
• Municipal Environmental Action Program
for 2003-2007 was approved on 29th April
2004
• On 17th December 2009, the Sustainable
Energy Action Plan (SEAP) of Viladecans
has been aproved
Goal
SEAP Contents
1. Introduction
2. SEAP goals
3. Consumptions/ Emissions Inventory
SEAP Viladecans, 2009. BCNEcologia
3.1. Viladecans Municipality
3.2. Viladecans City council
Viladecans City Council will reduce
its emissions to 4.796 tCO2eq per
year
4. Action Plan
5. Conclusions
62
Emissions (2005)
Municipality Emissions (2005)
Viladecans City Council emissions (5.995 tCO2eq)
represent 2% of total emissions in the city
(290.928 tCO2eq)
Transportation + Industry + Housing = 80%
Action Plan
Municipal buildings
City Council Emissions (2005)
• Efficiency in heating systems
• Efficiency in lighting
• Identifying an energy manager for each building
• Energy audits
• Good practices for each building
Municipal buildings + Public lighting = 87,1%
Action Plan
Public lighting
Action Plan
Municipal transport and mobility
• Substituting traffic lights to LED systems
• Substituting street lighting from Hg vapour to Na
• Using biodiesel in municipal public transport
and municipal vehicles
vapour
• Substituting inductive reactances to telemonitored
• 20% of hybrid vehicles
electric reactances
63
Action Plan
Municipal water
Action Plan
Municipal energy production
• 1 MW of PV pannels Plan
• Municipal Water Plan
• Efficiency systems in municipal buildings
• Solar Thermal systems
• Using greywaters
• Solar Cooling pilot project
• Recycled water net
Conclusion
Further Conclusion
Saving
Good job !!!
• Total emissions in the frame of municipal
competences at 2008 are 7.070 tCO2 eq (increase
9% 2005 rate)
But what to do with the remaining 98%
of emissions?
• Proposed direct actions imply 2.330 tCO2 eq in
saving meaning 33,0% of generated emissions at
municipal competence level (2008).
Work, work and work…
• Local energy production can save 984 tCO2 eq
meaning 13,9% of saving emissions in addition.
… or perhaps SMART work ?
• Total emissions savings reaches up to 46,9% (in
front 29%) !!!
Thank you !
Concerto is co-funded by the
European Commission
cRRescendo is a project of the
Concerto initiative co-funded by the
European Comission under the
Sixth Framework Programme
64
A conventional approach
• Build/renovate buildings and install new
technology
• Do technical monitoring
• Educate citizens/householders/children
• Do social research
Socio-technical systems &
change in the built environment
Gavin Killip
University of Oxford
Gavin Killip
cRRescendo conference, Almere Oct. 2011
Gavin Killip
Case study - 1
Case study - 2
Gavin Killip
Gavin Killip
A socio-technical systems
approach
Words of caution
• Be careful of the seductive quality of new
technology
• The built environment, technology and
energy behaviour are 3 interdependent
elements – not separate from each other
• Innovations can fail as well as succeed
• There is (almost always) a gap between
design and measured performance
• Attitudes and behaviour co-evolve with
technology
• Actors interact all the time … and can
have multiple identities
• Innovation = products, processes,
practices
Gavin Killip
Gavin Killip
65
1
Research
• Which actors should we focus on?
Householders, building owners, industry,
administrators, politicians, others?
• What about the wider context – policies,
funding, practical constraints?
• There is still an opportunity in
cRRescendo for before/after comparisons
in 2011/2012
Gavin Killip
66
2
HCA: UK update
 The UK Government’s housing and
regeneration agency enabling and
investment in England
 Going through a half cut in operational
costs/directors reduced scope, will do
less in the future
HCA:
Delivering Low Carbon Cities
 £6.5bn for affordable housing, still a big
role in regeneration and public land
Emyr Poole
Homes and Communities Agency
 London functions go to the Greater
London Authority and Mayor in 2012
cRRescendo Conference
Almere City Hall, The Netherlands
13th October 2011
UK recent developments
HCA statutory requirements

Contribute to the achievement of
sustainable development and good
design

Costs of mitigation of around 1% of GDP are small relative to
the costs and risks of climate change that will be avoided.
Other HCA projects include
Greenwich Peninsula, ‘zero’
carbon homes projects, EU
Concerto projects

Government Policy

All new homes Zero Carbon by 2016

Feed-in Tariffs and Renewable Heat Incentive

Increase in Part L Building Regulations 2013

Potential introduction of Fabric Standard in 2013


Stern Report – an economist.
All buildings Zero Carbon by 2019
National Planning Policy Framework / localism
67

Ecohomes, Code for Sustainable Homes, Local Standards
Framework.

Merton rule (renewable energy requirement).

New Ecotowns proposals.

Building regulations, ramping up over next 5 years to
Scandinavian standards, zero carbon by 2016.

More recently the financial crisis affecting market.
UK Partners

Arup

Homes & Communities Agency

Milton Keynes Council

Oxford University

United Sustainable Energy Agency
Milton Keynes was designated in the 1960’s as a planned New Town. It continues to
pursue its vision of a sustainable community with energy efficiency (EE) and the
integration of environmental and socio-economic factors
•Will achieve this through:
– Renewable energy supply (RES) and Energy efficiency in buildings (RUE). The
project will comprise of apartment blocks with 441 dwellings, with retail and
community facilities at ground floor on main frontages. Each building will have
improved insulation, air-tightness and ventilation systems. To supply renewable
energy they will be fitted with 165 kWp of PV.
–Polygeneration e.g. a gas-fired CHP system and examining the practicality of an offsite anaerobic digestion (AD) plant
–Specific Innovation e.g. includes the integration of an AD plant, gas-fired CHP and
PV to serve a community centre
•Summary
Integrated design and construction of environmentally responsive buildings with RES and
EE measures will lead to savings of up to 33% on C02 emissions per year
Milton Keynes
Milton Keynes
Principle of co-location of infrastructure
Distributed services not centralised
Outputs
Physical Implementation
Monitoring
Social Research
Dissemination
68
Low Carbon Infrastructure Fund
Low Carbon Materials

Influence on other HCA
programmes

£6.3m Department of Energy
and Climate Change

Renewable materials

250 homes

Code 4
 Influence on other HCA programmes
 Part of Budget ‘09 Housing Stimulus
Package in April 2009
 £25m fund to support low carbon
community heating schemes. To be
spent by March 2011
 13 projects allocated funding
covering new build and retrofit
schemes
.
Tower block refurbishment and
www.homesandcommunities.co.uk/publications
and heat network Newcastle (£1.7m)
Greenwich, London: London heat network
Anaerobic Digestion Plant, Milton Keynes
dh PIPEWORK

New biomethane plant at Milton
Keynes Council’s planned Anaerobic
Digestion (AD) plant 5km from the
city centre and its injection into the
regional gas network.

Connection to an existing good
quality CHP/private-wire system in
Central Milton Keynes

The combined technologies will
displace approximately 70% CO²
emissions in the area; total potential
saving of CO2 in MK is 3,400 tonnes.

Serves existing, high density, mixed
used developments with the
possibility of further extension
Spine Heat
Network
London Thames Gateway Heat Network:
www.ltgheat.net
Newcastle: Riverside Dene
Greenwich
former Cruddas Park estate
cladding and heating scheme
69
Conclusions

House builders are the experts at building homes, so I'm inviting them
to be in charge of developing a new framework for local building
standards
Grant Shapps, Nov 2010

UK facing 1970s-style oil shock which could cost economy £45bn. The
only way in which to avoid such shocks, he said, was to invest heavily
in energy efficiency and renewable sources of power.

In the low-carbon economy, Huhne said, “we will turn to electricity to
heat our homes and charge our cars, leading to a doubling in demand
for electricity by 2050”
Chris Huhne, March 2011
Clearly the findings from Crrescendo will be important for the future
70
Agenda
The power of building concepts
Antonin van de Bree
Time
Topic
PART I
Building concepts in general
PART II
Building concepts in cRRescendo
Place
FP6-513563
13 October 2011
0
1
Housing concepts
Sustainable housing concepts
83 concepts
in total
(in this category)
2
3
Buyer of a sustainable housing concept
Carefull
A package
of
Thorough
energy
saving
A perfect
inspection
construction
measures
interior
climate
Compact
Draught and mould
All detailsfinally
are belong to the
Comfortbable,
Minimal
design
Enjoy lower
extensively
past
Energy costs
Simple HVAChousing and
costshealthy and cosy
discussed
equipmentinfiltration
reduced by as
Maximum
Smart
optimized
Optimal
much
as 80%
reduction
of
ventilation
orientation
Flexible
energy demand system
So,what do you buy?
4
5
71
CONCEPT
OWNER
CORE‐
BUSINESS
AMBITION
DELIVERABLE
TEST
CERTIFICATE NOTE
issued
W&R Woning Passief
BAM
Contractor
Passive house
PH Standard
PHPP
No
Multi‐comfort house
Isover
Insulation
Passive house
PH Standard
PHPP
No
MassiefPassief huis
Clay‐products / Insulation
Knowledge
Passive house
PH Standard
PHPP
No
Passivhaus
Wienerberger / Recticel
Passivhaus Institut
Passive house
PH Standard
PHPP
Yes
PCS Hybride
Dura Vermeer
Contractor
EPC 0,4
EPC 0,4
EPN
No
SurPlus ECO
TBI Koopmans
Contractor
EPC 0,4
EPC 0,4
EPN
No
PlusWonen Passief
Volker‐Wessels
Contractor
Passive house
PH Standard
PHPP
No
Prestatiehuis
VDM Woningen
Contractor
Passive house
PH Standard
PHPP
No
Zonnewoning
SKW Certificatie
‐/‐15% (EPC 0,5)
BRL 5015
BRL 5015
Yes
Zonnehaardwoning
BOOM
Certifying body
Knowledge
‐/‐15% (EPC 0,5)
BRL 5015
Communication towards house‐owner(s)
Traditional architecture
Pre‐fabricated elements
Renovation
Seven simple requirements
BRL 5015
Yes
Zonnewoning based on (Zonnewoning) profen technology
Notes:
CONCEPT
OWNER
CORE‐
BUSINESS
ENERGY
INTERIOR CLIMATE
SUSTAINABLE MATERIAL
USER INSTRUCTION
W&R Woning Passief
BAM
Contractor
V
V
X
V
Isover
Insulation
V
V
X
X
MassiefPassief huis
Knowledge
V
V
X
X
Passivhaus
Passivhaus Institut
V
V
X
V
PCS Hybride
Dura Vermeer
Contractor
V
X
X
X
SurPlus ECO
TBI Koopmans
Contractor
V
X
X
X
PlusWonen Passief
Volker‐Wessels
Contractor
V
V
X
X
Prestatiehuis
VDM Woningen
Contractor
V
X
X
X
Zonnewoning
SKW Certificatie
V
V
V
V
Zonnehaardwoning
BOOM
Certifying body
Knowledge
V
V
V
V
Notes:
1. Certificate issued = No: Website of the concept does not mention (issuing of) a certificate or no independent certificate.
2. EPN (EPC) = Dutch energy performance code for buildings, BRL 5015 = Dutch guideline inspection-certificate Zonnewoning.
6
7
Housing concepts and consumers
Confusion
 Why should you buy a “concept”?
 Cheaper due to efficient building process
(and/or extra margin for the developer)
 Description of deliverables (performance, measures)
 Real life experience with performance of the concept
 Independent check on performance and measures
 Guaranteed (energy) performance
8
9
CONCEPT
OWNER
CORE‐
BUSINESS
SPECIFIC DELIVERABLES
SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE
Conclusions
INDEPENDENT GUARANTEED CHECK
PERFORMANCE
W&R Woning Passief
BAM
Contractor
V
V
X
X
Isover
Insulation
V
V
X
X
MassiefPassief huis
Passivhaus Institut
Knowledge
V
V
X
X
Passivhaus
V
V
V
X
PCS Hybride
Dura Vermeer
Contractor
V
X
X
X
SurPlus ECO
TBI Koopmans
Contractor
V
X
X
X
PlusWonen Passief
Volker‐Wessels
Contractor
V
X
X
X
Prestatiehuis
VDM Woningen
Contractor
V
V
X
X
Zonnewoning
SKW Certificatie
V
V
V
X
Zonnehaardwoning
BOOM
Certifying body
Knowledge
V
V
X
X
 Consumers are overwhelmed by many building
concepts and their marketing.
This diminishes the power of building concepts.
 Housing concepts with guaranteed performance do
not exist (yet).
 Housing concepts with independent checks are not
(yet) offered by companies who also have interests in
selling their concepts.
 There are a limited number of meta-concepts
(=~ambition level), like:
“one step ahead”, “passive” and “energy neutral”
Notes:
1. Non-measurable (e.g. EPC) or non-defined qualifications not counted as specification.
2. Independent check includes description of testing methods and accredited certificate.
10
11
72
Recommendations
cRRescendo – De Verwondering, TBI
 Consumers should be more aware of meta-concepts
and how they relate to various concepts you can buy.
 Develop guidelines and commissioning-procedures for
each meta-concept to allow independent checks.
 “One step ahead” (f.e. BRL 5015 - Zonnewoning)
 “Passive house” (f.e. Passivhaus standard)
 “Energy neutral” (f.e. ?)
 Make performance more specific or tangible.
12
13
Advantages of Solar House concept
cRRescendo – De Verwondering, TBI
 Certified (no own enforcement required)
 Clear and unambiguous demands
(Guideline BRL 5015)
Eco Houses
 Covers all aspects (energy, interior climate, material,
user instruction)
Solar Houses
 Guideline acts a juridical document between involved
parties: City of Almere – project developer –
architect/contractor – house-owner(s)
14
15
cRRescendo – Passive houses, AM/BAM
cRRescendo – Passive houses, AM/BAM
16
17
73
Energy use
Energy use
SPACE HEATING per building
average, excluding dist ribut ion loss dist rict heat ing
10000
75
7500
50
5000
kWh.a
kWh/m2 .a
SPACE HEATING per square meter floor area
average, excluding dist ribut ion loss dist rict heat ing
100
25
15 kWh/m2
2500
0
0
-25
-2500
ECO (112/162 m²)
National regulation
SH (108/139 m²)
CONCERTO specification
PH (112/107 m²)
M easured Interview
ECO (112/162 m²)
M easured Energiegew icht
National regulation
Notes:
Notes:
1. Preliminary results.
2. ECO = ECO House, SH = Solar House, PH = Passive House
2. ECO = ECO House, SH = Solar House, PH = Passive House
3. PH: including 1 energy neutral dwelling.
3. PH: including 1 energy neutral dwelling.
18
19
Energy use; space heating per m2
BEST01
BEST04
BEST05
BEST07
BEST08
BEST17
55 kWh/m2/yr
heat demand corrected dhw+dd (kWh/m2/year)
80
Ecofys
P.O. Box 8408
3503 RK Utrecht
The Netherlands
60
40
T: +31 (0) 30 662 3300
20
E: info@ecofys.com
0
-20
W: www.ecofys.com
0
Notes:
50
100
150
gross area (m2)
200
250
M easured Interview
PH (112/107 m²)
M easured Energiegew icht
Please contact us for more information
120
100
SH (108/139 m²)
CONCERTO specification
300
20
21
74
ANNEX 1
The cRRescendo Conference was closed with a very interesting excursion to the demonstration sites in Almere and if wished to the Unesco World Heritage Site Schokland.
Photos of both the cRRescendo confeRRence and of Solar-, Passive- and other Eco-houses
in Almere are made by, among others, Hub Smulders. A selection of these pictures is found
on: http://www.crrescendo.net/confpics/
You are allowed to use these pictures for non-commercial purposes, if you mention the
origin: www.cRRescendo.net
Photos Excursion
75
Photos confeRRence
76
Schokland: a symbol of the Netherlands
The former island Schokland is a symbol of the traditional Dutch struggle against the water.
Traces of this battle can be found everywhere on and around the island. This area has alternated between being sea and dry land, peninsula and island, peat and polder.
The former island still stands out as an elongated gently sloping back against the flat surrounding landscape of the Northeast polder.
Nowadays Schokland is an unique natural en cultural monument combined.
See also: http://www.schokland.nl/pageid=23/EN.html
77
Annex 2 Flyer
78
Almere City Hall, the Netherlands
13th of October 2011
(incl. meetings 12-14 October)
Within cRRescendo 3,200 low-energy houses have been realized in 4 EU
cities: Ajaccio, Milton Keynes, Viladecans en Almere. About 2000 Eco-houses,
Solar houses and Passive Houses have been built in Almere. Moreover, the
Sun Island has been delivered, with 15,000 m² one of the largest in the world.
In thematic sessions loosely following the so-called ‘Almere Principles’,
international specialists and cRRescendo partners will show you how it is
possible to build climate neutral by 2020 and make major and affordable
steps in that direction in the years to come.
The day is opened by Ad van de Wijk (Top Executive of the year 2008 and
now professor of Future Energy Systems at the Delft University) with his ‘How
to boil an Egg’. In the afternoon the groundbreaking WWF Energy Report will
be presented by Kees van der Leun, managing director at Ecofys, responsible
for the scenarios behind the report.
You can have a unique dinner at the UNESCO World Heritage site Schokland.
Emil ter Horst, Almere, coordinator cRRescendo
More information www.cRRescendo.net
79
cRRescendo project meeting Wednesday afternoon, 12th October 2011
Chairman: Emil ter Horst, Gemeente Almere, coordinator cRRescendo
13:00 Reception with coffee / tea
13:30 Welcome
13:45 Key note speech by the Concerto programme
Alexandros Kotronaros, Concerto programme, European Commission DG Energy
The cRRescendo demonstrations
14:10 • Progress demonstrations in Ajaccio by Denis Bravi, Ville d’Ajaccio
• Almere SunIsland and rest heat for ultra low CO2 district heating by Frank de Vries, NUON
• How Lessons Learnt from the Milton Keynes Project Can Be Translated into a Blueprint
for Site-wide Integrated Sustainable Energy Solutions by Rupert Blackstone, Wattcraft
• Sustainable Actions in Viladecans by Carmen Perez Figueras, Ajuntament de Viladecans
15:30 Break
Sustainable policy and new initiatives in cRRescendo
16:00 • Sustainable Energy Action Plan of Milton Keynes by Jeremy Draper, Milton Keynes Council
• New sustainable initiatives in Misterbianco by Sergio Campanella, StudioEurope
• Awareness campaign eco-friendly behaviour of young people in social housings by
Nathalie Dupont et al., SAN de Senart
• Utilization of RES and energy saving technologies in public buildings of Sofia by
Zdravko Georgiev, executive director Sofia Energy Agency
The social impact of cRRescendo
17:00 • Social research in Miltin Keynes by Ruth Wharton, USEA, Milton Keynes
• Business as unual? Lessons learned in Almere by Robert Atkins, NMF Flevoland
• Socio-economic impact of sustainable building in Ajaccio by Gavin Killip, Un. Oxford
18:00 End of the Open project meeting prior to the final cRRescendo confeRRence
Start of cRRescendo confeRRence
18:10 Reception in the Almere Town Hall
cRRescendo evaluation meeting Friday morning, 14th October 2011
Chairman: Vera Haaksma, Ecofys Utrecht, co-coordinator cRRescendo
The Peer Review of cRRescendo Almere
09:00 Peer Review Almere cRRescendo project based on yesterdays Site visits and Discussion table:
• Private commissioning in Noorderplassen-West: Introduction by the municipality Almere
on the tension between long-term sustainability goals and short-term needs of private persons
building their own home; discussion and solutions
• Sun Island: Is a central solar plant preferable over individual systems? What are the costs of
this solar icon? Why does sustainable energy need financial support from the community?
• Active local authority: Does tendering leads to a more sustainable community? Certified
sustainable houses: are they better built and do they have higher performance?
10:50 Coffee break
Major energy lessons learnt in cRRescendo
11:10 • Technical monitoring of existing houses in Ajaccio by Virginie Bollini, Ademe
• Monitoring of new cRRescendo buildings in Milton Keynes by John Piggott, Arup
• Social and technical monitoring in Viladecans by Raquel Millan Lopez, Viladecans
• From Monitoring to Energy Management in cRRescendo by Edith Molenbroek, Ecofys
12:20 Final presentations:
• Issues from Concerto-Premium by Jens Knoll, KIT, Karlsruhe
• Conclusions from cRRescendo coordination by Vera Haaksma and Emil ter Horst, Almere
13:00 End of the Open cRRescendo evaluation meeting
80
Program cRRescendo confeRRence Thursday 13th October 2011
Chairman: Emil ter Horst, Gemeente Almere; Vice-chairman: Caspar Noach, Ecofys Utrecht
09:00
09:15
09:25
09:45
Coffee/tea (and registration from 08:30)
Official welcome - Annemarie Jorritsma, Mayor of the Municipality of Almere NL
Almere 2.0 and the Almere Principles - Vera Dam, coordinator sustainability, Almere NL
Key note speech
How to Boil an Egg
Ad van Wijk, sustainable energy entrepreneur, professor future energy systems, Un.Delft NL
Principle 1: Cherish diversity
Diversity as a defining important characteristic for sustainable cities and regions in Europe
Coffee/tea
10:15
11:00
11:20
12:05
12:50
14:00
14:30
15:15
Principle 2: Connect Place and Context
Strengthened and enhanced identity for sustainable building in old and new Europe
Alex van Oost, program manager sustainable area development, Urgenda, Amsterdam NL
Principle 3: Combine City and Nature Unique and lasting combinations in green cities and urban nature
Sustainable refurbishment in Ajaccio - Adeline Doridant, Office de l’Habitat, Ajaccio FR
Lunch in BURGERZAAL
Key note speech
WWF’s groundbreaking Energy Report - 100% renewable energy globally is possible!
Principle 4: Anticipate Change
Flexibility and adaptability to facilitate opportunities for future generations
Sustainable Energy Action Plan Viladecans - Carmen Perez Figueras, Viladecans ES
4 cRRescendo cities: cases of change in practice - Gavin Killip, Un. Oxford UK
Principle 5: Continue Innovation Better processes, infrastructures and exchange of knowledge for sustainable innovations
Principle 6: Design Healthy Systems
(Site Visits Almere)
Principle 7: Empower people to make the
City (Discussion Table)
16:00
Gathering at the east entrance of the
Town Hall (Drinks on the bus!)
Coffee/tea for parallel session
16:10
Site visits for Peer Review Almere
‘Co-makership’ on sustainability
Site Visits cRRescendo districts:
chaired by Vera Dam, Almere.
- Almere Sun Island
Introduction on sustainable attitude & behaviour
by stakeholders and communities from:
- Noorderplassen-west
- Gavin Killip, Un.Oxford
- Columbuskwartier: Passive and
Solar housing, E0-house and ISA
- Robert Atkins, NMFF
End of cRRescendo confeRRence & optional drive to UNESCO World Heritage Schokland
cRRescendo confeRRence Dinner on Schokland (till 22:00)
18:00
19:00
81
cRRescendo confeRRence: Getting there
Visiting address
Municipality Almere
Stadhuisplein 1
1315 HR Almere Stad
For more information on the municipality Almere: http://english.almere.nl/
Directions from Amsterdam Airport (socalled: Schiphol) and train
The easiest way to get in Almere is to fly to Amsterdam Airport (also called Schiphol; airport
code AMS). When you arrive, go to the station below the airport. Don’t take the train to Amsterdam, but take one of the four hourly direct connections to “Almere Centrum” (Almere has
5 train stations!). You will be in less than 40 minutes in Almere. You can buy a one-way (unless you go back same day) ticket in machines in the baggage claim area of the airport or in
the train station hall.
You can see when and where your train is leaving by entering “Schiphol” (from) and “Almere
Centrum” (to) in the Journey Planner:
http://www.ns.nl/en/travellers/home.
Directions from Almere Centrum train station
Train station Almere Centrum: take the Stationsplein exit and walk straight ahead through
the Stationsstraat until you get to the Stadhuisplein. The main entrance of city hall is on your
left. The executive wing, the ‘Burgerzaal’ and the city hall wedding venue can be accessed
through the back entrance (Landdroststraat).
Directions by car
Get to the A6. Take exit 5: Almere Stad / S103,
follow the Veluwedreef. After 2 km, turn left at the crossing,
follow the signs to ‘Centrum’ (Cinemadreef);
turn left at the third traffic light (Landdroststraat, just after the red building),
turn right after 50 meters (parking lot city hall).
cRRescendo confeRRence: Hotels
The hotels whith reduced prices in Almere are:
1. Van der Valk
Address: Veluwezoom 45, 1327 AK Almere T: +31 36 800 08 00
Single room at Van der Valk Hotel Almere € 80.- (excl. breakfast - € 13.50).
Send an e-mail to info@almere.valk.nl and mention in the subject: Reservation ‘cRRescendo’
conference 12 - 13 - 14 October 2011.
2. Apollo Hotel Almere City Center
Address: Koetsierbaan 2, 1315 SE Almere T: +31 36 527 45 00
Single room at Apollo Hotel Almere € 105,- including breakfast.
Use the link for reservation on our www.cRRescendo.net website.
Code for reduced conference price is: ‘cRRescendo’.
82
version 111011
Annex
3 Participants
Partcipants cRRescendo confeRRence, Wednesday October 12
Last nameFirst name
CompanyCountry
AtkinsRobertNMF FlevolandNL
BahrValerieSteinbeis-Europa-ZentrumDE
Beek, van derE.EcofysNL
BourgisJérômeSAN de SENARTFR
BraviDenisVille AjaccioFR
Bree, van deAntoninEcofysNL
CampanellaSergioMunicipality of MisterbiancoIT
CarusoAntonina
Municipality of MisterbiancoIT
Maria
Energiaklub Climatepolicy Institute and Applied Co HU
Csikai
De Martino
Giuseppina Municipality of Misterbianco
IT
Doridant
Adeline
Office Public Habitat Corse du Sud FR
DraperJeremyMilton KEynes CouncilUK
DupontNathalieSAN de SenartFR
F&BNL
ElfrinkHenriëtte
GaussonIsabelleSAN de SENARTFR
Georgiev
Zdravko
Sofia Energy Agency BG
GravelandM.E.Ecofys Netherlands BVNL
HaaksmaVeraEcofysNL
Horst, terEmilGemeente AlmereNL
KillipGavinUniversity OxfordUK
KnollJensKITDE
Kolomaznik Jan UNMZ, Czech Office for Standards, Metro and Te CZ
European CommissionBE
KotronarosAlexandros
Krimpen, vanElmerF&BNL
MolenbroekEdithEcofysNL
MuncasterJonUK
NoachCasparEcofys Netherlands B.V.NL
Carmen
Ajuntament de Viladecans ES
Perez Figueras
Poole Emyr Homes and Energy Agency UK
Linda Gemeente Almere NL
Prins-van Essen
SAN de SENARTFR
RottembourgMarie-Hélène
Stee, vanCeesBodem en SteenNL
VivienSophieAssociation Relais Jeunes 77FR
Vries, deFrankNuonNL
WhartonRuthUSEAUK
Wijk, vanAdNIAGNL
Thierry
Stichting Duurzame Wijken
NL
Wijn, de
ZagtC.E.Bareau
NL
83
Partcipants cRRescendo confeRRence, Thursdag October 13 Last nameFirst name
CompanyCountry
Agtereek
Koos K
ETP NL
Alegre Sergi The City of El Prat de Llobregat
ES
Aptroot
Rob Grunneger Power
NL
Bohn H.D.L. Provincie Limburg
NL
BolliniVirginieAdeme CorseFR
Bree, van derAntoninEcofysNL
Brouwer
Jos V V E De Nieuwe Vaart
NL
CaceJadranka
RenComNL
CarusoAntonina
Coeverden, van
WalterAlmereNL
CordiaAnneloes
Hogeschool RotterdamNL
Csikai
Maria
CuiperNorbertF&BNL
DamVeraGemeente AlmereNL
Doridant
Adeline
Duim van derGerardVDM WoningenNL
ElfrinkHenriëtte
F&BNL
Ensink
Jos Koopmans Bouwgroep
NL
Ferrante, deKarinF&BNL
GaussonIsabelleSAN de SENARTFR
Georgiev
Zdravko
NL
Giskes
Jan-Paul
Scope Bouwmanagement GravelandM.E.Ecofys Netherlands BVNL
HaaksmaVeraEcofysNL
Hameetman Pieter AM NL
HellerReneeEcofysNL
Hoenkamp
R.A. Centrum voor Energievraagstukken NL
Hogervorst Kees Stadsontwikkeling Rotterdam
NL
Houwer
Evelien
Ballast Nedam Bouw & OntwikkelingNL
Huisstede, vanBenKlimaatconceptNL
Hul, van den
Henk
H. van den Hul B.V.
NL
Hulskes
Saskia
International New Town Institute
NL
Marleen
integrale EVA projecten
NL
Kaptein
KempenReinoudAddink tuinenNL
KnollJensKITDE
KnopsHamilcar
Ensoc.nlNL
Kolomaznik Jan UNMZ, Czech Office for Standards, Metro CR
Krimpen, vanE.F&BNL
84
KuitJanMunicipality of AlmereNL
Leun, van derKeesEcofysNL
LinnekampR.J.Gemeente ZaanstadNL
IT
Martino, de
MillanRaquelAjuntament de ViladecansES
MoermanCeesAgrimacoNL
Natalia
H. van den Hul B.V.
NL
Moldovan
MuncasterJonUK
NouetJean Luc
JL Nouet architectureFR
NouetM.JL Nouet architectureFR
Oost, vanAlexUrgendaNL
Osch, vanA.MGemeente AlmereNL
Perez Figueras
Carmen
Ajuntament de Viladecans ES
Piggott
John Arup UK
Pot Rob Scope Bouwmanagement BV
NL
Prins-van Essen
Hans
Natuur en Milieufederatie Flevoland NL
Rienks
RoothRudyKEMANL
RoozendaalMarcelOoms Avenhorn GroepNL
SAN de SENARTFR
RuijsBartTDS EngineeringNL
Schalkwijk, van Michiel
Centrosolar Benelux BV
NL
Schouw
Jan Provincie Flevoland NL
SchuijffRobbertGemeente RotterdamNL
Schyff, van der
T.A.P. Cape Peninsula University of Technology
SmitMinnemijn
QurrentNL
SmuldersHubSmulders&SlagboomNL
StuurmanJohnGemeente TeylingenNL
VivienSophieAssociation Relais Jeunes 77FR
VlaanderenC.GoedeStedeNL
WeyersJeanGemeente HeerlenNL
WhartonRuthUSEAUK
Wijk, vanAdNL
Wijk, vanA.J.NIAGNL
Thierry
NL
Wijn, de
WoudstraJohanDe Haagse HogeschoolNL
ZagtC.E.bareauNL
Fred
Hunter Douglas Europe b.v.
NL
Zandee
Zwiep Hans Baas Smits Bouwgroep b.v. NL
85
ZA
Partcipants cRRescendo confeRRence, Friday October 14
Last nameFirst name
CompanyCountry
BolliniVirginieAdeme CorseFR
Bree, van derAntoninEcofysNL
Brouwer
Jos V V E De Nieuwe Vaart
NL
CarusoAntonina
Csikai
Maria
Doridant
Adeline
ElfrinkHenriëtte
F&BNL
Zdravko
Georgiev
GravelandM.E.Ecofys Netherlands BVNL
HaaksmaVeraEcofysNL
Hoenkamp
R.A.
Centrum voor Energievraagstukken NL
KnollJensKITDE
KnopsHamilcar
Ensoc.nlNL
Jan UNMZ, Czech Office for Standards, Metro and Te CZ
Kolomaznik Krimpen, vanElmerF&BNL
Martino, de
IT
MeijerThijsNL
MillanRaquelAjuntament de ViladecansES
MuncasterJonUK
NouetJean Luc
JL Nouet architectureFR
NouetM.JL Nouet architectureFR
Oost, vanAlexUrgendaNL
John Arup UK
Piggott
Prins-van Essen
SAN de SENARTFR
RuijsBartTDS EngineeringNL
Geurt Gemeente Nieuwegein
NL
Schepers
SmuldersHubNL
WhartonRuthUSEAUK
Wijn, de
Thierry
NL
ZagtC.E.BareauNL
86

Almere, October 2011 Proceedings

Transcription

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