Status of Very Large Floating Structures

Mega Floating Structures
Professor Wang Chien Ming
Engineering Science Programme and
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
National University of Singapore
E-mail: ceewcm@nus.edu.sg
Singapore Maritime Technology Conference
23rd & 24th April 2015
Marina Bay Sands Expo & Convention Centre, Singapore
Main Types of Mega Floating Structures
Semi-Submersible Type
Brazilian Petrobras P-51
Semi-submersible oil
platform
operating depth: 1700m
Constructed: 2006
Okinawa Marine Exposition
Aquapolis
Size: 104 x 100 x 26 m
Pontoon Type
Mega-Float
Size: 1000 x 60-120 x 3 m
Components of Mega Floating Structure System
Breakwater
Mega-Float
Access
Bridge
Superstructure
Land
Mooring
System
Sea Bed
Fabrication and Towing of Floating Units
Joining of Floating Units
▲Floating Hotel, King Pacific Lodge
Princess Royal Island British
Columbia
▲Floating Platform in Singapore
▲ Floating Heliport in Vancouver
Canada
◄ Floating Hotel in Busan, Korea
(70m x 50m x 7m)
Station Keeping Systems
a) Chains, Ropes and Anchors, Sinkers
c) Caisson Dolphins and Fenders
b) Tension Legs
d) Jackets, Piles and Fenders
Mooring Dolphin-Rubber Fender System
Pavement
Rubber
Fender
Steel Jacket
Steel Pipe Pile
Jacket Type Dolphin and Fender System
ADVANTAGES OF MEGA FLOATING STRUCTURES
OVER LAND RECLAMATION
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Applicable to Deep Water and Soft Seabed
Little Effect to Environment such as Sea Current and Water Quality
Short Construction Time
Expandable and Removable
Base Isolated to Earthquakes
Utilizing Buoyancy Force in Supporting Load
Possess Mobility
Easy Access to Water
Interior Space may be Utilized
Their Presence at Coastline Serve as Breakwaters
Not affected by Global Warming (Scientists predict a rise in sea levels
of up to 1 m by the year 2100)
Applications of
Mega Floating Structures
Floating Airfield (1943)
Mega-Float: Floating Runway Test Model
Proposed Floating Runway at
Tokyo Airport (Haneda)
142 ha x 20 m
Estimated Cost 450 Billion Yen
Floating Bridges and Roads
 King Xerxes’ Floating Boat Bridge
across the Hellespont
845-m long Bergsoysund Bridge, built
in 1992 near Kristiansund over a fjord
depth of 320 m ▶
1246-m long Nordhordland Bridge,
built in 1994 at Salhus over a fjord
depth of 500 m▶
▲ Mulberry Harbors,
6 miles of flexible steel roadways on
concrete and steel pontoons
300 m long floating
bridge in Dubai ▶
Lacey V. Murrow Memorial Bridge,
Washington Lake, Seattle-Mercer
2018m long highway bridge
2nd longest floating bridge
Completed: 1993
Floating Road, Hedel, the Netherlands
Length: 70 m
Pontoons: Aluminium, filled with EPS
Dimensions pontoons: 5,25x3,5x1,0m3
Companies: Bayards Aluminium Construction, DHV,
TNO, XX Architects
Completed: 2003
Yumemai Bridge, Japan
World’s Largest Floating Steel Arch
Bridge
Length: 410 m
On 2 megafloat pontoons
Completed: 2000
HogSWjord Tunnel, Norway
Length: 1400 m
25 metres below water; not in sight, potential
cheaper than normal tunnel
Tube diameter: 9.5m
Completed: Study NTNU
www.ntnu.no
Floating Piers and Container Quay
◄ Floating Prestressed Concrete
Pier (150m x 30m x 4m) at Ujina
Port, Hiroshima, Japan
▲Floating Terminal Dock, Valdez, Alaska
▲ Mobile Floating Container Quay
by Marine Research Institute
(480m x 160m x 8m Composite
of steel and concrete)
Floating Rescue Emergency Bases
◄ At Tokyo Bay
80 x 25 x 4 m
Steel structure
At Osaka Bay
80 x 40 x 4 m
Reinforced Concrete Structure ►
◄ Floating Heliport
Vancouver, Canada
Floating Fish Farms
Floating Wind Turbines
coastal type
pontoon
semisub
offshore type
spar
Russia and China to Collaborate
on Developing Floating Nuclear
Power Plants
BY Rob Almeida ON AUGUST 3, 2014
Rosatom, Russia’s State Atomic Energy
Corporation announced last week that its
subsidiary Rusatom Overseas signed a
Memorandum of Understanding with CNNC New
Energy Company (China) to cooperate in the
development of floating nuclear power
plants. This MOU followed a visit last month by a
Chinese delegation to United Shipbuilding
Corporation’s Baltic Shipyard in St. Petersburg
where the world’s first floating nuclear power
plant (NPP) is currently under
construction. Delivery of that first unit is planned
for Q3 2016.
Japan has built a 70 MW floating solar plant in the
Kagoshima Prefecture of Southern Japan. Called the
Kagoshima Nanatsujima Mega Solar Power Plant, it is the
largest solar power plant in Japan and it can generate enough
electricity to power approximately 22,000 average
households. The plant started operation in November 2013.
Floating Oil Storage Bases
◄ Shirashima, Japan
Capacity of 5.6 million kilolitres
Each module: 397m x 82m x 25.1m
Built in 1996
Kamigoto, Japan
Capacity of 4.4 million kilolitres
Each module: 390m x 97m x 27.6m
Built in 1988 ►
◄ Pulau Sebarok, Singapore
Capacity of 300,000 m3
Each module: 190m x 82m x 19m
Floating Islands of Han River, Seoul
Manmade Floating Islands, Maldives
(by Dutch Docklands)
A Star Shaped
Floating Convention Hotel
Floating 18-hole Golf Course
Interconnected by Underwater Tunnel
KOH PANYEE, Thailand (AFP) - With its stunning
limestone cliffs towering over stilt houses surrounded by
azure waters, the island of Panyee is a typical Thai
paradise. But it's not mother nature drawing tourists here
- it's a floating football pitch. - See more at:
http://www.straitstimes.com/news/asia/south-eastasia/story/floating-football-pitch-keeps-thailands-touristblues-bay-20141128#sthash.kEBuPs6s.dpuf
World’s Largest Floating
Performance Stage at
Marina Bay, Singapore
Floating Dwellings
Dwellings on rafts of totora reeds, Floating village on the Tonle Sap,
Cambodia
Lake Titicaca, Peru
Canoe Pass Village in Vancouver, Canada
Floating village Halong Bay,
Vietnam
Floating Houses in Maasbommel,
The Netherlands
Luxurious Floating Homes by GAM
Floating Restaurants and Hotels
Jumbo restaurant in Hong Kong
Four Seasons Hotel
Floating restaurant in Yokohoma
King Pacific Lodge Princess Royal
Island, British Columbia
Proposed floating dormitory
by Joseph Lim and CM Wang, NUS
Vincent Callebaut’s
Floating Lily Pad Cities
Floating Cities by Finnish GAM
VLFS response under wave action
Rigid body
motion
75m x 60m x 2m
Hydroelastic
response
300m x 60m x 2m
When do we need to perform hydroelastic
analysis on floating structures?
based on characteristic length (by Suzuki, 1996)
 EI 
c  2  
 kc 
1
4
EI : bending stiffness
kc (= g): spring constant of hydrostatic restoring force
ISSC 2006;
Suzuki,
Fujikubo,
et al.
Frame 001  13 Jan 2008  Displacement
Frame 001  13 Jan 2008  Displacement
Hydroelastic Response
0.15
0.1
0.1
w
w
0.05
0.05
0
0
20
0
0
40
20
Frame 001  13 Jan 2008  moment
40
y
60
80
60
20
0
0
40
20
Frame 001  13 Jan 2008  moment
x
y
100
80
60
40
80
60
80
120
100
x
100
120
100
v.m.s.
y
60
40
20
0
0
20
40
60
x
80
100
120
80
v.m.s.
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
60
y
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
80
40
20
0
0
20
40
60
x
80
100
120
Hydroelasticity Codes that Capture Seabed Profile
Utsunomiya and Watanabe (2006)
Length of VLFS = 1500m
Width of VLFS = 150m
Height of VLFS = 1m
Sea Condition
Wave direction  = π/4, Wavelength  = 156.8m
Water depths: constant water depth = 8m
Or variable water depth as shown by contour plot
 = /4
Reducing hydroelastic response using
VLFS with hybrid system
flexible connector and gill cells
y
Continuous VLFS
(a)  = 30m,  = 0.06
Hybrid system
Gill cells Flexible connector
x
Gill cells
(a) plan view
z
xc=L
L
h
x
kr = ζD/L
(b) side view
(b)  = 60m ,  = 0.06
Summary of Findings
The hydroelastic response of the VLFS is
significantly reduced when combining the use of
hinge connector and gill cells, but at the expense
of sacrificing a small front end portion of VLFS
Reducing hydroelastic response
by changing the VLFS shape
Rectangular shaped VLFS
(a)  = 30m
Rectangular shape
Circular shape
Triangular shape
Elliptical shape
Summary of Findings
The hydroelastic response of VLFS can
be reduced by changing its edge shape.
Elliptical shaped VLFS
(b)  = 60m