information on crop resources presentation

ENERMASS International school – Montpellier
20 -24 January 2014
Biomass & Energy
Profitability of short rotation crop
resources for bio-fuels:
Miscanthus plantation
in the south west of France
Dr Joël POUSTIS
HEXABIO SARL
286, avenue Pasteur F 33 600 PESSAC
marketing@hexabio.com
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Plan
Biomass & Energy
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Ligno - cellulosic fibers for bio-fuels.
Profitability in the forestry area and in the agriculture.
Bio-fuel cost at the heating plant entrance.
Conclusion for strategy in the near future.
Ligno cellulosic fibers for bio-fuels
Biomass & Energy
Bio energy requires diverse array of biomass feedstock
Agricultural residues
Corn stover, Wheat straw, …
Forest residues
Logging, Saw mill, …
Urban wood wastes
Pallets, Cases, …
Grassy energy crops
Miscanthus, Igniscum, …
Short rotation woody crops
Hybrid poplar, Alfa plant, …
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Wood residues and energy crops
in AQUITAINE
Biomass & Energy
Forest residues
PINUS MARITIMUS
CHP
Furnace
(boiler)
Herbaceus energy crops
MISCANTHUS
RAW MATERIAL
Calorific Power
(Inferior)
(G Joules / Dry Ton)
MISCANTHUS BRIQUETTES
at 7 % Moisture
18
WOODEN CHIPS
(Softwood)
at 30 % moisture
15
WOODEN PELLETS
(Softwood)
at 7% moisture
19
NATURAL FUEL
40
4
Wood residues in AQUITAINE
Biomass & Energy
Forest residues
PINUS MARITIMUS
CHP
Furnace
(boiler)
5
State of the disaster of KLAUS storm (January 2009)
Biomass & Energy
300 000 Ha concerned
at > 20% affected
37,1 M m3 of wood
destroyed
(5 years of a normal
harvest)
Source : DRAAF AQUITAINE
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Wooden residues
in the AQUITAINE forestry
Biomass & Energy
1 MILLION HECTARES OF PINUS MARITIMUS
Forest thinning
Forest residues : dead trees,
branches and tree stumps
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Chips
Why Biomass Densification?
To increase mass per unit of volume
Biomass & Energy
• Improved transportation
• More efficient storage
• Reduced biomass losses
• Moisture reduction
• Improvements in processing equipment
. Economics of balling, pelletting & briquetting
HIGH ENERGY
. New pellet mill designs.
Sieving
Drying
Granding
Pressing
Storing I
Storing II
Pending patents in progress
Sieving
NEW TECHNOLOGY
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LOW ENERGY
Wood densification
Biomass & Energy
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CRITERIA
WOOD CHIPS
WOOD PELLETS
MOISTURE
20 - 50 %
< 10 %
SIZE
Variable
6 mm diameter
BULK DENSITY
200 - 250 Kg/m3
650 Kg/m3
ENERGY PER TONNE
2 250 - 3 750 KW h/tonne
5 000 KW h/tonne
ENERGY PER M3
850 KW h/m3
3 250 KW h/m3
WOOD Densification : Economical impact
Biomass & Energy
WOODEN BIOFUEL
50%
19,85
40%
19
30%
17,49
20%
17
16,74
10%
15
Distance = 50 Km
0%
WET CHIPS
DRY CHIPS
PELLETS
DENSITY from 250 to 650 Kg/m3
10
MOISTURE (%)
€ / MWh
BIOFUEL PRICE AT CHP ENTRANCE
(€/MWh)
21
Hardwood residues : economical balance
Biomass & Energy
For an average distance of 100 km between the collection and the boiler,
according to the supply (in wet or dry forest chips and in bulk pellets), the
economic data ' so establish:
BIOFUEL PRICE (€ HT) at the BOILER ENTRANCE
BIOFUEL PRICE
at the BOILER entrance
(€ / Dry Ton)
220
€ / Dry Ton
180
Hard wood
140
100
60
15
20
25
30
35
BIOFUEL PRICE in € / MWh
Wet chips
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Dry chips
Wood pellets
40
Energy crops
in AQUITAINE
Biomass & Energy
Herbaceus energy crops
MISCANTHUS
Mano (40) plantation in December 2013
CHP
Furnace
(boiler)
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CHP :
Facture (33); Tartas, Rion,
Mimizan (40); ……
First miscanthus applications
in AQUITAINE
Biomass & Energy
Under the control of the Chambre de l’Agriculture, limited fields trials of
Miscanthus x giganteus, a sterile hybrid genotype of the large perennial grass
miscanthus, have been carried out in Aquitaine region since 2007.
SAINT LOUIS DE MONTFERRAND
1Ha
MANO
22 Ha
VILLEFRANCHE DU QUEYRAN
13
8 Ha
32
65
Harvesting cycle of MISCANTHUS
Biomass & Energy
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First year
Year 2, 3 ...
MISCANTHUS CROPS : Densification
Biomass & Energy
DENSIFICATION
Chopped 100 kg/m³
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Balls
150 kg/m³
PCI = 18,0 MJ/kg
Briquettes
500 - 700 kg/m³
Ashes = 1,6 – 4 % Dry
MISCANTHUS CROPS : Economical impact
Biomass & Energy
MISCANTHUS BIOFUEL
50%
29,4
27
€ / MWh
BIOFUEL PRICE
AT CHP ENTRANCE
(€/MWh)
25
40%
CHOPPED
(VRAC)
30%
23
21
19
20%
BALLS
19,35
10%
17
16,67
BRIQUETTES
15
0%
DENSITY from 80 to 500 Kg/m3
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MOISTURE (%)
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Miscanthus : economical balance
Biomass & Energy
For a distance of 50 km between the place of harvest and the boiler
according to the supply (in balls or in briquettes), the miscanthus is situated in
a very wide range of energy cost price.
€ / Dry Ton
BIOFUEL PRICE in € / Dry Ton
BIOFUEL PRICE (€ HT) at the BOILER Entrance
220
180
Individuals
Industry
140
100
60
15
20
25
30
35
BIOFUEL PRICE in € / MWh
MISCANTHUS BALLS
17
MISCANTHUS BRIQUETTES
40
MISCANTHUS CROPS : Transport impact
Biomass & Energy
TR AN SPOR TATION OF
B IOFU EL MISC AN TH U S B R IQU ETTES
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€ / MWh
BIOFUEL PRICE (€/MWh)
16,67
16,33
16
16
15,67
15
DIS TANCE
BETW EEN THE HARV ES TING AREA
TO THE CHP P LANT (FROM 50 KM TO 200 KM)
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MISCANTHUS Crops : Transport impact
Biomass & Energy
BIOFUEL PRICE at the BOILER
entrance (€ / Dry Ton)
Transport of miscanthus balls
120
100
80
50
100
150
200
250
DISTANCE (km)
€ / Dry Ton
Distance between the place of harvest and the industrial boiler
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Wood residues and energy crops
in AQUITAINE
Biomass & Energy
Forest residues
PINUS MARITIMUS
CHP
Furnace
(boiler)
20
Herbaceus energy crops
MISCANTHUS
Smurfit Facture,
Tembec Tartas,
Egger Rion,
Gascogne Mimizan,
DRT, ………
Relation benefit versus yield in the field
Biomass & Energy
The miscanthus yield might be superior to 15 t/ha dry weight
GROSS MARGIN BENEFITS (%)
60%
miscanthus
50%
40%
wood
Zone
of relative
competition
30%
0
5
10
15
20
A N N U A L B I O M A S S Y I E L D (to n / h a )
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In Aquitaine, the yield potential of this novel annually harvested bio
energy crop has been shown to be low and wood residues are
currently largely available.
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Purchase prices of the biomass
and energy cost at the boiler
Biomass & Energy
€ / Dry Ton
RAW MATERIAL COST
( € / DRY TON)
60
40
20
€ / MWh
0
18
21
24
27
30
BIOFUEL PRICE in € / MWh
CHOPPED MISCANTHUS
WET WOODEN CHIPS
Distance of 100 km between harvest and industrial boiler.
Hard wood and miscanthus concerned.
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Geographical spaces availability
Biomass & Energy
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Conclusion for future strategy
Biomass & Energy
Wood and agricultural crops fuels are feasible for heat, electricity and liquid bio fuels
production but are limited by feasible transportation distances.
Partnership between Agriculture, Forestry and Industry is the key of success on bio
energy which have significant variations :
-> Increase of biomass trade,
-> Increase of volatility on prices of biomass-based fuels,
-> Bio energy will remain local in order to limit transportation.
Production and trade of combustible could be increased significantly but new
technologies (harvest and densification) are a necessity in order to the profit and
market volume.
Industry platforms offers significant benefits for future bio energy investments: logistics,
wood residues, crops in multi fuel operations, process integration and CHP.
Raw material price may increase due to high price of fossil energy and CO2
allowance, utility and oil industry interest on solid biomass raw materials in co-firing
and24bio fuels business.
We are looking for supporters …..
Biomass & Energy
HEXABIO SARL
286, avenue Pasteur F 33 600 PESSAC
Tél. : +33 (0) 556 152 800
marketing@hexabio.com
Many thanks for your kind attention
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