Statpack 3-R01

Transcription

Statpack 3-R01

The StatPack User Guide
Version 3.0-R01
Romidot Ltd
P.O. Box 329, 71103 Lod, Israel. Tel: (972) 8 924 3638 Fax: (972) 8 924 3546
LIMITATION OF LIABILITY
1. Neither ROMIDOT LTD. nor any of its worldwide subsidiaries or distributors
or management or employees (hereinafter "The Company") grants any
warranties in respect to any damages or deficiencies resulting from accident,
alteration, modification, foreign attachments, misuse, tampering, negligence,
improper maintenance, abuse or failure to implement any updates furnished.
2. The Products must be used and maintained in strict compliance with the
instructions and safety precautions of The Company contained herein in all
supplements thereto or in any other written documents of The Company. The
products must not be altered without prior written consent of The Company.
3. The Company grants no warranties with respect to the products, either
express or implied, including any implied warranties of merchantability or
fitness for a particular purpose. The Company will have no liability for any
damages whatsoever arising out of or in connection with the delivery,
installation, use or performance of the product.
4. In no event shall The Company be liable under any legal theory (including but
not limited to contract, negligence, misrepresentation, strict liability in tort or
warranty of any kind) for any indirect, special, incidental or consequential
damages (including but not limited to loss of profits), even if The Company has
notice of the possibility of damages.
5.
Without limiting the effect of the preceding clauses, the Company's maximum
liability, if any, for damages (including but not limited to liability arising out
of contract, negligence, misrepresentation, strict liability in tort or warranty of
any kind) shall not exceed the consideration paid to The Company for the
product.
6. The Company shall under no circumstances be liable for damages arising out
of any claim (including but not limited to a claim for personal injury or
property damage) made by any third person or party.
Company and brand, product and service names are trade marks or registered trade marks of their
respective holders.
Windows, Explorer and Microsoft are registered trade marks of Microsoft Corporation.
Romidot Ltd.
P.O. Box 329
71103 Lod
Israel
Tel: +972 8 924 3638
Fax: +972 8 924 3546
Email support@romidot.com
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Subject
1
Page
Introduction...................................................................................................................... 1-1
Overview............................................................................................................................... 1-1
Features................................................................................................................................ 1-1
Principles of Operation ........................................................................................................ 1-1
2
Getting Started................................................................................................................. 2-1
Hardware Specifications...................................................................................................... 2-1
Installation ........................................................................................................................... 2-1
The Romidot StatPack Software Package ...................................................................... 2-1
Initiating the Romidot StatPack Application..................................................................... 2-2
3
Around the Windows....................................................................................................... 3-1
The Romidot StatPack Main Screen ................................................................................... 3-1
The Main Screen Group Boxes............................................................................................ 3-1
The Main Screen Menus...................................................................................................... 3-3
The Main Toolbar................................................................................................................. 3-5
4
Operating Procedures..................................................................................................... 4-1
The File Menu Commands .................................................................................................. 4-1
Importing a *.ms File....................................................................................................... 4-1
Updating the Data of a Previously Loaded *.ms File .................................................... 4-1
Selecting Preferences....................................................................................................... 4-2
Main Screen Tasks............................................................................................................... 4-3
Selecting a Set of Measurements .................................................................................... 4-3
Deleting a Set of Measurements ..................................................................................... 4-4
The Graph Menu Commands .............................................................................................. 4-4
Graph Reports .................................................................................................................. 4-4
Viewing Graph Reports ................................................................................................... 4-4
Viewing the Exact Date and Time of a Specific Measurement ..................................... 4-4
5
Filtering ............................................................................................................................ 5-1
Filtering the Parameters..................................................................................................... 5-1
The Filtering Concept .......................................................................................................... 5-1
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd.)
Subject
Page
The Filtering Architecture ...................................................................................................5-6
Using the Filters...................................................................................................................5-6
Filtering the Parameters..................................................................................................5-6
6
Graphical Reports ............................................................................................................6-9
Mouse Button Functions in Graph Mode ............................................................................6-9
Graph Options ......................................................................................................................6-9
Graph of a Selected Time Frame for a Selected Part and Legend Number ................6-11
Graph of Selected Samples & Legend Number.............................................................6-12
Graph of a Selected Sample Within a Specified Time Frame ......................................6-13
Graph of Selected Samples.............................................................................................6-13
Gaussian — Bar Chart ...................................................................................................6-14
Distribution Chart of a Specified Part and Legend Number ...................................6-14
The Data Box ..............................................................................................................6-15
Graph Option #5 Distribution — Line Chart................................................................6-17
Graph Option #6 .............................................................................................................6-18
Obtaining a Report with a Higher Resolution and More Details of a Set of Samples6-18
Changing the Resolution by Adjusting the Field......................................................6-18
Changing the Relative Tolerance to Obtain a Wider View ......................................6-19
Graph Option #6 - Min/Max Graph ...............................................................................6-23
7
Textual Reports ................................................................................................................7-1
Text Reports Speed Bar Icons..........................................................................................7-1
The Report Menu Commands ..............................................................................................7-3
Text Reports......................................................................................................................7-3
Generating a Comparative Report of Selected Samples.................................................7-3
Generating a Quality Report for a Selected Sample.......................................................7-5
Generating a Statistical Analysis Report........................................................................7-7
Statistical Process Control Charts ......................................................................................7-9
The X-Bar and R Charts.................................................................................................7-11
The X-Bar and S Charts.................................................................................................7-12
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd.)
Subject
Page
The Z Chart .................................................................................................................... 7-15
The Moving Range Chart .............................................................................................. 7-16
Producing SPC Charts ..................................................................................................... 7-9
iii
List of Figures
Fig. No.
Title
Page
Figure 2-1: The Romidot StatPack Main Screen - on First Time Opening Only .................2-2
Figure 3-1: The Romidot StatPack Main Screen with a *.ms file loaded .............................3-1
Figure 4-1: The Preferences1 dialog box – Common tab .......................................................4-2
Figure 4-2: Section of a Graph With Several Incontinuity Points ........................................4-5
Figure 4-3: Close-up View of Figure 4-2.................................................................................4-5
Figure 4-4: Close-up View of Figure 4-3.................................................................................4-6
Figure 6-1: Graph of a Selected Time Frame for a Selected Part and Legend Number....6-11
Figure 6-2: Graph of Selected Samples & Legend Number ................................................6-12
Figure 6-3: Items Selected for the Graph in Figure 3-3 ......................................................6-12
Figure 6-4: Graph of a Selected Sample Within a Specified Time Frame..........................6-13
Figure 6-5: Graph of Selected Samples ................................................................................6-13
Figure 6-6: Distribution Chart of a Specified Part and Legend Number - 1st Sample .....6-14
Figure 6-7: The Data Box......................................................................................................6-15
Figure 6-8: Distribution Chart of a Specified Part and Legend Number - 2nd Sample ....6-16
Figure 6-9: Line Graph Corresponding to Figure 3-7..........................................................6-17
Figure 6-10: Edit Graph Window to Display Ten Fields .....................................................6-18
Figure 6-11: Distribution Graph Showing Ten Fields.........................................................6-18
Figure 6-12: Edit Graph dialog box to Display 40 Fields ....................................................6-19
Figure 6-13: Distribution Graph Showing 40 Fields ...........................................................6-19
Figure 6-14: Limit Setting for the Initial View....................................................................6-20
Figure 6-15: Graphic Display of the Initial View ................................................................6-20
Figure 6-16: Limit Setting for the Adjusted View ...............................................................6-21
Figure 6-17: Graphic Display of the Adjusted View ............................................................6-21
Figure 6-18: Distribution Min/Max Chart - By Year...........................................................6-23
Figure 6-19: Distribution Min/Max Chart - By Month........................................................6-23
Figure 6-20: Distribution Min/Max Chart - By Week..........................................................6-24
Figure 7-1: A Typical Configure Report dialog box ...............................................................7-3
Figure 7-2: The Comparative Report of Selected Samples....................................................7-4
Figure 7-3: The Quality Report of a Selected Sample ...........................................................7-6
iv
List of Figures (Cont'd.)
Fig. No.
Title
Page
Figure 7-4: The Statistical Analysis Report dialog box ........................................................ 7-7
Figure 7-5: A Typical Statistical Analysis Report................................................................. 7-8
Figure 7-6. SPC Subgroups Menu.......................................................................................... 7-9
Figure 7-7. SPC Options Window ........................................................................................ 7-10
Figure 7-8. X-Bar and R Charts ........................................................................................... 7-11
Figure 7-9. X-bar and S Charts............................................................................................ 7-13
Figure 7-10. Z Chart ............................................................................................................. 7-15
Figure 7-11. Moving Range Chart ....................................................................................... 7-16
Figure 7-12: Select reference and entity (legend) ............... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 7-13: Select SPC Subgroups ..................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 7-14: The SPC Options dialog box............................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 7-15: Selecting the X-bar and R Chart..................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 7-16: Example of a pair of Individuals and Moving Range graphs for the selected
legend ............................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
v
1
Introduction
Overview
The Romidot StatPack is an add-on software package for the
RomiShape/AL system.
RomiShape/AL is a Windows based, on-line, integrated Quality-Control &
Information System for the inspection of profile cross-section in extrusion
industries.
The Romidot StatPack is RomiShape’s statistical information package. It
offers the capability to obtain the widest range of statistical information in
chart form as well as graphically.
By utilizing this information, you can drastically reduce the amount of
production rejects, as well as monitor the performance of dies etc.
The savings in human resources, time as well as wasted raw materials will
be felt immediately.
Features
• Die-wear monitoring
• Raw material and production quality control (temperature,
pressure and velocity)
• Reports Filtering
Principles of Operation
The Romidot StatPack can be installed on any PC sharing the same
network as the RomiShape system. It can be operated in conjunction with
RomiShape’s DataPack or as a stand-alone product.
A user-friendly interface facilitates the importation of data from the
original RomiShape MS file database, which can be updated upon request.
The Romidot StatPack can handle any number of samples and an
unlimited number of dimensions per sample.
The StatPack User Guide V3.0-R01 (1)TEMP.doc
1-1
2
Getting Started
Hardware Specifications
Component
Minimum Required
Computer
Pentium III 500 MHz
Operating system
Win 98/2000/NT/XP
Application Memory
64 MB RAM
Display
Super VGA with 800 x 600 resolution
Hard Disk Space for Application
25 MB, excluding local data storage.
Installation
The Romidot StatPack Software Package
The Romidot StatPack software package includes the following:
•
A CD containing the RomiShape V2.1-R03 package
•
A User Guide
TO INSTALL THE ROMIDOT STATPACK APPLICATION
1. We recommend that you close all running applications.
2. Insert your RomiShape Package V2.1-R03 CD in your CD drive.
3. If the SETUP LAUNCHER doesn't start automatically, open the root
directory of your CD.
4. Double-click on the LAUNCHER.EXE icon.
The Romidot SET UP LAUNCHER opens.
5. Select STATPACK.
6. Follow the instructions in the subsequent screens.
Recommendations:
•
We recommend that you accept the suggestion to install the
application in the default folder C:/Romidot/StatPack - however,
you may choose any folder of your preference.
•
We advise you to accept the recommendation to store the program
icons in the ROMIDOT folder.
•
For your convenience we recommend that you copy the
shortcut symbol from C:\Windows\Start Menu\
Programs\Romidot to the desktop of your computer.
2-1
Getting Started
Initiating the Romidot StatPack Application
TO INITIATE THE ROMIDOT STATPACK APPLICATION
•
Click on the
shortcut symbol if it appears on the
desktop of your computer.
( if you haven't copied the shortcut symbol to your desktop)
> Windows START Menu > PROGRAMS > ROMIDOT > STATPACK.
OR
The StatPack main screen appears.
Figure 2-1: The Romidot StatPack Main Screen - on First Time Opening Only
2-2
3
Around the Windows
The Romidot StatPack Main Screen
The first time you open StatPack, the initial main screen shown in Figure
2-3 appears. The main menu bar contains the following menus: FILE,
GRAPH, REPORT, WINDOW and HELP.
The Main Screen Group Boxes
Date and time
range filter
Selected graph
or report
Reference
name
Filter sample
parameters
Legend number
and type
Sample name
Instant statistical
results
Figure 3-1: The Romidot StatPack Main Screen with a *.ms file loaded
The ROMIDOT STATPACK main screen loaded with a *.ms file comprises six
group boxes.
Group Box
Description
Remarks
References
List of all the References
available in the .ms file.
The list is not displayed on first
time opening.
3-1
Around the Windows
Group Box
Description
Remarks
Samples
The list of all the sample names
saved within the selected
Reference Name.
In the case of a multipart sample,
the number of the part is
indicated, E.g., 1/5 is the first
part of five.
Please note that if you have
selected more than one Sample,
the information displayed in the
Values group box still relates to
the data displayed in the Time &
Data Range group box.
Legends
The list of all the Legend
Numbers and Descriptions of all
the Dimensions saved within the
selected Sample.
Date & Time Range
The date and time range within
which the measurements were
taken.
Filter Samples
This group box comprises the
search criteria for filtering your
search:
Die copy number
Order number
Press number
Cavity number
The data for the above profile
parameters has been previously
specified in the Profile Parameter
dialog box accessible through the
Scan New Sample dialog box in
the Shadow application.
When clicked, this button clears
from the memory, all the
selections that you made.
When checked, this option
includes the date range in the
search criteria.
Click this button to confirm your
selection of the search criteria
options.
Clear selection
Use date range
Select
Values
The following values of the
readings displayed in the
Samples window.
Details displayed only after
selecting a specific dimension.
LSL, Lower Specification Limit.
USL, Upper Specification Limit.
3-2
Min - The minimum measurement
of those taken.
x min
Max - The maximum
measurement of those taken.
x max
The Main Screen Menus
Group Box
Description
Remarks
R, difference between the
minimum and maximum
measurements
x max - x min
Mean: The average value of the
measurements taken.
x
Std Deviation
σ
ZL
ZL =
ZU
ZU =
Cp, capability index
Cpl, Lower Capability Index
Cpu, Upper Capability Index
Cpk, Capability Index for a stable
process.
Tolerance Range
x min − x
σx
x max − x
σx
USL − LSL
6σ
The capability indices are an
indication of the distribution of
the data. The greater the value
of the capability index, the better
are the results. In general, a
capability index greater than 1
indicates good results, and a
value less than 1 indicates poor
results.
The specified range of tolerance.
The Main Screen Menus
Menu
Options
Function
When Active
File
Import MS Data
Displays the data from a selected
.ms file.
Always
Update Values from
Common
Updates a new .ms file with
preferences and adds new samples
to the database and the monitor.
When an ms files
is already loaded.
Print
Prints the active chart
Only when a
graph or a chart
is displayed
Preferences
Opens the browse feature for you to
choose the path and an .ms file
required for updating.
Always
Exit
Enables you to exit from the program
Always
Graph for selected time
frame for <selected
Reference and Legend>
Displays a graph of the selected
Reference and Legend, within the
specified time frame.
Always
Graph
3-3
Around the Windows
Menu
Options
Function
When Active
Graph for selected
samples of <selected
Reference and Legend>
sample’s Reference and Legend.
Always
Graphs for selected time
frame of <selected
Reference>
Reference within the specified time
frame, with all its Legends.
Always
Graphs for selected
samples of <selected
Reference>
Reference with all its Legends.
Always
Gaussian Distribution for
selected time frame of
<selected Reference
and Legend>
Displays a Gaussian Distribution
graph of the selected Reference and
Legend, within the specified time
frame.
Always
Gaussian Distribution for
selected sample of
<selected Reference
and Legend>
graph of the selected Reference with
all its Legends.
Always
SPC Subgroups
Optional
X-bar and R Chart
Optional
X-bar and S Chart
Optional
X-bar and Moving Range Optional
Chart
Distribution Chart for
<selected
References>…
Displays the distribution chart of
selected References, as a Bar Chart
or Line Chart
<selected Reference>
Displays the distribution chart of a
specified Reference, a Bar Chart or
Line Chart
MinMax Chart
Displays a distribution min/max
chart, selected the time unit.
Show Legend
Exit
Report
3-4
Enables you to exit from the program
Always
Comparative Report of
Selected Samples
Always
Measurement Report of
Selected Samples
Always
Statistical Analysis
Report
Always
The Main Toolbar
Menu
Options
Function
When Active
Always
Statistical Analysis
Report of Selected
Samples
Window
Help
R&R Sessions
Described in the R&R Session.pdf
file, on the CD provided.
Manual R&R Session
Described in the R&R Session.pdf
file, on the CD provided.
Cascade
Arranges the functional screens as
overlapping tiles
Always
Tile Horizontally
horizontal, non-overlapping tiles
Always
Tile Vertically
vertical, non-overlapping tiles
Always
Tile Custom…
overlapping tiles with custom size
and direction
Always
Auto Tile
Toggles automatic tiling on and off
Always
Close
Closes the active screen
Always
Close All
Closes all open screens
Always
Minimize All
Minimizes all open screens
Always
Arrange All
Arranges all the icons at the bottom
Always
Instructions
Displays the Help File
Glossary
Displays a glossary of terms used in
the program.
About
Gives you access to information
about the program.
Underneath the menu bar, the main toolbar contains the symbols of the
functions described in the following table.
The Main Toolbar
Symbol
Name
Function
When Active
Cascade
Arranges the functional screens
as overlapping tiles
Always
Tile
Horizontally
as horizontal, non-overlapping
tiles
Always
3-5
Around the Windows
Symbol
Name
Function
When Active
Tile Vertically
as vertical, non-overlapping tiles
Always
Print
Prints the active chart
Only when a graph or a chart
is displayed
You can also access the first three functions through the WINDOW menu,
and the PRINT function through the FILE menu, as described in the
following section.
3-6
4
Operating Procedures
The File Menu Commands
Importing a *.ms File
The .ms files are saved, by default, in the Ftraces directory of the Shadow
application.
When importing for the first time, you import a *.ms file from the common
directory to the database.
The common.ms file comprises all the .ms files on your system.
You can import specific .ms files that represent specific parts. This
method is much faster than downloading the common .ms file.
TO IMPORT A *.MS FILE
1. > The ROMIDOT STATPACK MAIN SCREEN > FILE > IMPORT MS
DATA.
2. Select the required file.
The 'SQL' cursor appears. At this time, the system is preparing a
database. After a few minutes, the file is loaded and its data is
displayed in the ROMIDOT STATPACK MAIN SCREEN.
For a full a description of the ROMIDOT STATPACK MAIN SCREEN
loaded with a *.ms file, see the relevant section in the Around the
Windows chapter (page 3-1).
Updating the Data of a Previously Loaded *.ms File
At any time, you can receive updated data of a previously loaded file, so
that you can instantly monitor the output of the Shadow application.
TO UPDATE A *.MS FILE
•
> FILE > UPDATE VALUES FOR COMMON.
The new data is loaded and its data is displayed in the ROMIDOT
STATPACK MAIN SCREEN.
4-1
Selecting Preferences
The PREFERENCES dialog box comprises two tabs:
The COMMON tab
The Database tab
TO OPEN THE PREFERENCES DIALOG BOX
•
> MAIN MENU > FILE > PREFERENCES > PREFERENCES
The Preferences dialog box appears.
Figure 4-1: The Preferences1 dialog box – Common tab
TO SELECT A PARTICULAR .MS FILE
•
In the COMMON tab, click on the Ellipsis
button and select
the required .ms file.
You will generally not need to perform this action.
TO CHANGE THE STYLE OF THE DECIMAL SEPARATOR
•
From the Common tab, select the desired symbol from the options
presented in the INPUT FILE DECIMAL SEPARATOR group box.
You need to change the decimal separator symbol if the input file uses a symbol
such as a comma instead of a decimal point (as is customary in some European
countries).
TO CHANGE THE REPORT SELECTION
•
From the Common tab, in the REPORT SELECTION group box,
select First Report or All Reports.
The LAST REPORT option in the REPORT SELECTION group box is selected by
default. We recommend not to change this option.
If you select ALL REPORTS you will not get a reliable statistical calculation.
4-2
Main Screen Tasks
TO CHANGE THE DATABASE SOURCE
•
From the DATABASE tab, click the Ellipsis button and selected the
required database source.
You will generally not need to perform this action.
Main Screen Tasks
Selecting a Set of Measurements
TO SELECT A PART, SAMPLE AND IF REQUIRED, A SPECIFIC LEGEND.
1. > REFERENCES group box and select the required set of
measurements.
2. > SAMPLES group box and select the required SAMPLE.
Please note that if you have selected more than one Sample, the information
displayed in the Values group box still relates to the data displayed in the Date &
Time Range group box.
3. > LEGENDS group box and select the required LEGEND number/set
of dimensions.
4. > DATE & TIME RANGE group box and specify the relevant date
and time range.
The relative values appear in the VALUES group box and the
TOLERANCES that were specified appear in the TOLERANCES
group box.
For an explanation of the values, see The Main Screen Group
Boxes section in the Around the Windows chapter (page 3-4).
4-3
Deleting a Set of Measurements
You can delete a PART with all its SAMPLES, or just an individual SAMPLE.
TO DELETE A PART OR SPECIFIC SAMPLE
1. Select the item you wish to delete and click DELETE.
2. Click YES to confirm the DELETE command.
The Graph Menu Commands
Graph Reports
For a full description of the various GRAPHIC REPORTS, see the Graph
Reports section in the Around the Windows chapter (page 3-7).
Viewing Graph Reports
TO VIEW A GRAPHIC REPORT
1. Open the relevant file in the ROMIDOT STATPACK MAIN SCREEN.
2. Depending on the type of GRAPH REPORT, you might choose a
report of more than one measurement. If this is the case, select
the relevant measurements or samples by pressing CTRL and
clicking on them.
If this is not the case, select the required MEASUREMENT or
SAMPLE.
3. From the GRAPH menu, select the required type of GRAPH
REPORT.
The GRAPH REPORT of the selected item(s) appears.
Viewing the Exact Date and Time of a Specific Measurement
As each consecutive measurement with a different value is indicated by an
incontinuity point in the graph, you can view the exact date and time that
the specific measurement at that point was taken, on the X-Axis.
Similarly, when more than one consecutive measurement is taken and
they have the same value, the graph line appears parallel to the X-Axis
and the date and time of each of these measurements appear on the XAxis.
Not all measurements can be seen in a general view of the graph.
Figure 4-2 illustrates a number of incontinuity points that occur between
7:54:23 pm on October 7 and 7:59 pm on November 1.
4-4
The Graph Menu Commands
Figure 4-2: Section of a Graph With Several Incontinuity Points
TO VIEW THE DATE AND TIME DETAILS OF A SPECIFIC
MEASUREMENT
1. With the relevant GRAPH REPORT displayed (Figure 4-2), zoom in on the area of interest,
by clicking over the top left corner of that area, dragging open an area down to the bottom
right of that area, and releasing the button.
When you release the mouse button, the magnified section of the area of interest is
displayed (Figure 4-3), together with the date and times that the specific measurements
were made.
Figure 4-3: Close-up View of Figure 4-2
4-5
Each time you zoom in, more date and time details are displayed
(Figure 4-4).
DOUBLE CLICK HERE
THE NAME OF THE SPECIFIC SAMPLE APPEARS HERE
Figure 4-4: Close-up View of Figure 4-3
4-6
5
Filtering
Filtering the Parameters
Filtering enables you to extract specifically required SAMPLES for GRAPHS,
REPORTS and INSTANT STATISTICAL RESULTS. The default FILTER is the
DATE AND TIME RANGE, located at the top right corner of the MAIN SCREEN
(Figure 2-1). When you select a SAMPLE or SAMPLES for which you require
a GRAPH or REPORT, the related DATE AND TIME RANGE for that selection
will be that shown on the MAIN SCREEN, either by default or adjusted as
required. The value that appears by default, refers to the DATE AND TIME
RANGE between the first and last scan taken of the selected SAMPLE
related to the selected REFERENCE.
Furthermore, you can specify up four pre-specified parameters:
• Die Copy Number
• Order Number
• Press Number
• Cavity Number
The data for these four profile parameters has been previously generated
in the PROFILE PARAMETER dialog box accessible through the SCAN NEW
SAMPLE dialog box in the Shadow application.
An additional optional filter that can be included in the FILTER
parameters. is that of DATE AND TIME. This is available by selecting the
USE DATE RANGE check box in the FILTER SAMPLES group box.
This means that you actually have four choices when specifying the
FILTER:
• The (default) DATE AND TIME filter (Simple, manual selection).
• Just the adjusted DATE AND TIME filter
• Any or all of the four pre-specified parameters as shown above.
• The four pre-specified parameters as shown above, as well as the
DATE AND TIME filter.
The Filtering Concept
The filtering concept is based on the Boolean theory.
If for example, you initially choose all four of the filters in the FILTER
SAMPLES group box, the ‘AND’ operator is initiated. If however you
initially choose two of the four filters for example, and subsequently add
one or more options, the ‘OR’ operator is initiated to this group of filters.
The following diagram illustrates the ‘AND’ Operator concept:
5-1
Filtering
Parameters
Filter B
Parameters
Filter A
'AND'
Operator
In the above diagram, you can see the overlap (diagonal lines) between
Parameters Filter A and Parameters Filter B.
5-2
The following diagram illustrates the ‘OR’ Operator concept:
Parameter
Groups
Filter A
Parameter
Groups
Filter B
'OR'
Operator
In the above diagram, you can see the combination of both Groups.
5-3
Filtering
The following example illustrates the result of using the ‘AND’ operator,
using StatPack filters, using Order #123 and Die Copy Number 7
(These parameters were already defined in the Shadow application.):
Sample #
Order #
Die Copy Number
Cavity #
Press #
Sample # 1
7
123
123-A
P13043
Sample # 2
8
123
123-D
P13045
Sample # 3
8
157
157-V
P75763
Sample # 4
7
157
157-A
P75763
Sample # 5
6
123
123-B
P13045
Sample # 7
7
123
123-K
P13043
Sample # 8
9
584
273-0
P76857
Sample # 9
2
125
125-2
P25614
In the above example, you can see the result of the ‘AND’ Operator, where
two overlapping SAMPLES comprising Order #123 and Die Copy Number
7. The total results are Samples #1 and #7.
The following example illustrates the result of using the ‘OR’ operator,
with StatPack filters, using Order #123 with Die Copy Number 7.
Sample #
5-4
Order #
Die Copy Number
Cavity #
Press #
Sample # 1
7
123
123-A
P13043
Sample # 2
8
123
123-D
P13045
Sample # 3
8
157
157-V
P75763
Sample # 4
7
157
157-A
P75763
Sample # 5
6
123
123-B
P13045
Sample # 7
7
123
123-K
P13043
Sample # 8
9
584
273-0
P76857
Sample # 9
2
125
125-2
P25614
In the above example, you can see the result of the ‘OR’ Operator, where
five SAMPLES include Order #123 or Die Copy Number 7. The total
results are Samples #1, #2, #4, #5 and #7.
The following example illustrates the result of using the ‘AND operator,
with StatPack filters, using Order #123 with Die Copy Number 7 together
with an ‘OR’ operator (introduced after the ‘AND’ Operator was initiated),
selected with a filter for Press Number P25614:
Sample #
Order #
Die Copy Number
Cavity #
Press #
Sample # 1
7
123
123-A
P13043
Sample # 2
8
123
123-D
P13045
Sample # 3
8
157
157-V
P75763
Sample # 4
7
157
157-A
P75763
Sample # 5
6
123
123-B
P13045
Sample # 7
7
123
123-K
P13043
Sample # 8
9
584
273-0
P76857
Sample # 9
2
125
125-2
P25614
In the above example, you can see the result of the ‘AND’ Operator, where
two SAMPLES include Order #123 and Die Copy Number 7. In addition, the
result of the subsequent ‘OR’ Operator, is one selection for Press Number
P25614. The total results are Samples #1, #7 and #9.
5-5
Filtering
The Filtering Architecture
Select 'Reference'
Select 'Legend'
Click 'Clear Selection'
Select the Filter(s)
Click 'Select'
Have you chosen all the
available Filters
No
Select an additional Filter
Yes
Choose 'Graph' or 'Report'
Using the Filters
For an explanation of filtering the parameters, see page 5-1.
When using the Filters, remember that you can’t select a Sample name because it
is the Samples that are being filtered.
Filtering the Parameters
As explained on page 5-1, you have four filter options.
• The (default) Date and Time filter (Simple, manual selection).
• Just the adjusted DATE AND TIME filter.
• Any or all of the four pre-specified parameters. (Selected Samples.)
• The four pre-specified parameters as shown above, as well as the
DATE AND TIME filter. (Selected Samples.)
5-6
Using the Filters
TO CREATE A REPORT OR GRAPH USING THE DEFAULT DATE AND
TIME FILTER:
1. From the MAIN SCREEN, select the REFERENCE NAME.
2. Select the LEGEND NUMBER(S) and TYPE(S).
The date and time of the latest report and scan is displayed in the
Status Bar (at the bottom of the Main Screen). If you choose more
than one Sample, these details relate only to the latest Sample.
After selecting the required GRAPH(S) (from the GRAPH menu) or
REPORT(S) (from the REPORT menu), the result is displayed on the
screen, relating only to the values that appear by default,
referring to the DATE AND TIME RANGE between the first and last
scan taken of the selected SAMPLE related to the selected
REFERENCE.
Remember that in this instance, when you select a Graph or Report, you must
choose the option that specifies “…Selected Time Frame”.
TO CREATE A REPORT OR GRAPH USING A SPECIFIED DATE AND TIME
FILTER:
•
From the MAIN SCREEN, select the REFERENCE NAME.
•
Select the LEGEND NUMBER(S) and TYPE(S).
•
Adjust the Date and Time Range to your requirements.
After selecting the required GRAPH(S) (from the GRAPH menu) or
REPORT(S) (from the REPORT menu), the result is displayed on the
screen, relating only to the specified values that appear in the
DATE AND TIME RANGE.
choose the option that specifies “…Selected Time Frame”.
TO CREATE A REPORT OR GRAPH USING ANY OR ALLTHE OF THE FOUR
PRE-SPECIFIED PARAMETERS:
•
From the MAIN SCREEN, select the REFERENCE NAME.
•
Select the LEGEND NUMBER(S) and TYPE(S).
•
In the FILTER SAMPLES group box, click CLEAR SELECTION.
•
From the drop-down menus of any or all of the four Filters in the
FILTER SAMPLES group box, select the required Filter.
5-7
Filtering
•
Click SELECT.
In the SAMPLES column, those that fall within the specified
filtered results, are selected.
choose the option that specifies “…Selected Samples”.
TO CREATE A REPORT OR GRAPH USING ANY OR ALLTHE OF THE FOUR
PRE-SPECIFIED PARAMETERS, AND THE DATE AND TIME RANGE
FILTER:
•
Carry out steps 1-4 from the above procedure.
•
Select the Use Date Range check box.
•
Click SELECT.
In the SAMPLES column, those that fall within the specified
filtered results, including the DATE AND TIME RANGE filter, are
selected.
choose the option that specifies “…Selected Samples”.
5-8
Mouse Button Functions in Graph Mode
6
Graphical Reports
You can view and print six types of graphs; examples of which are
illustrated in the following pages. Where relevant, a short analysis of the
graph is also presented.
Mouse Button Functions in Graph Mode
Mouse Button
Function
Remarks
Left
Zoom in/out
To zoom in, click at the top left corner of the
region of interest and drag to the bottom right
corner, then release the mouse button.
To zoom out, click at the bottom right corner
of the region of interest and drag to the top
left corner, then release the mouse button.
Right
Pan across the graphic
window.
Click and drag in the direction of the required
pan.
Graph Options
For the sake of clarity and for illustration purposes only, some of the
following graphic representations have been adjusted.
Graph Menu Option
Remarks
Graph for selected time frame for
<selected Reference and Legend>:
Graph of the selected Reference and
frame.
The time frame can be adjusted so as to display
readings and calculations from a specific range.
Graph for selected samples of
<selected Reference and Legend>:
sample’s Reference and Legend.
Using the Shift key, you can specify a continuous
range of samples.
See Figure 3-2.
Using the Ctrl key, you can specify individual
samples.
See Figure 3-3.
Graphs for selected time frame of
<selected Reference>:
Reference within the specified time
frame, with all its Legends.
This graph gives you an idea of all the legends'
peaks and troughs (relative to each other,) at a
given instance.
Graphs for selected samples of
<selected Reference>:
Reference with all its Legends.
Using the Shift key, you can specify a number of
continuous samples with all the legends.
See Figure 3-5.
Using the Ctrl key, you can specify individual
samples with all the legends.
See Figure 3-6
6-9
Graphical Reports
Graph Menu Option
Remarks
Gaussian Distribution for selected
time frame of <selected Reference
and Legend>:
graph of the selected Reference and
frame.
The X-axis of this graph is divided into 10 and
represents the measurements of a specified
legend (taken over twice the tolerance range).
The Y-axis shows the number of measurements
taken.
The graph shows both the maximum and
minimum tolerance levels, as well as the mean
and the nominal.
The graph can be displayed either as a bar chart
(see Figure 3-7) or as a line chart (see Figure 310).
Gaussian Distribution for selected
sample of <selected Reference and
Legend>:
graph of the selected Reference with
all its Legends.
6-10
This graph displays the distribution
measurements taken over a specified time range
on a regular specified basis within that range.
The specified basis can be by the minute, hour,
day, week (see Figure 3-21), month
(see Figure 3-20), or year (see Figure 3-19).
Graph Options
Graph of a Selected Time Frame for a Selected Part and Legend
Number
LEGEND 30
USL = 0
MEAN = 0.3793
DOUBLE-CLICK HERE
NOMINAL/LSL = 0
DATE & TIME RANGE
Figure 6-1: Graph of a Selected Time Frame for a Selected Part and Legend Number
The TEXT BOX at the bottom of the window is used to display the SAMPLE
number of a specific measurement.
Double-click on the particular measurement and its SAMPLE number
appears in the TEXT BOX .
6-11
Graphical Reports
Graph of Selected Samples & Legend Number
Figure 6-2: Graph of Selected Samples & Legend Number
Figure 6-3: Items Selected for the Graph in Figure 3-3
6-12
Graph Options
Graph of a Selected Sample Within a Specified Time Frame
INCORRECT DIMENSION SEE TROUBLESHOOTING
Figure 6-4: Graph of a Selected Sample Within a Specified Time Frame
Graph of Selected Samples
MULTI-LEGENDS
Figure 6-5: Graph of Selected Samples
6-13
Graphical Reports
Gaussian — Bar Chart
Distribution Chart of a Specified Part and Legend Number
The bins in the program's bar charts are separated for clarity and so as to display
the parameter lines (such as the Upper Specification Limit and Lower Specification
Limit.
Y-AXIS = NUMBER OF
MEASUREMENTS
32 MEASUREMENT
VALUES
NOMINAL VALUE
MEAN VALUE
20 MEASUREMENT
VALUES
USL
LSL
4 MEASUREMENT
VALUES
X-AXIS =
TOLERANCE RANGE X 2
DIVIDED INTO 10 SECTIONS
Figure 6-6: Distribution Chart of a Specified Part and Legend Number - 1st Sample
DATA BOX
SEE PAGE 3-12
4.53-4.47=0.06÷2=0.03
4.53-0.03=4.50
4.59-4.53=0.06÷2=0.03
4.53+0.03=4.56
As a general example, the constituent parameters of the center bar in
Figure 3-7, are a total of 32 measurements and a mid-value
of 4.53.
6-14
Graph Options
There follows an explanation as to how the value of 4.53 is arrived at. The
explanation refers specifically to the above magnified section taken from
Figure 3-7.
The values (4.47, 4.53 and 4.59) that appear along the X-Axis and are
located at the middle point of each bar, are the mid-values of their
respective bars. Each bar represents a range that is 1/10th of twice the field
of tolerance.
In the center bar, we see (in Figure 3-7) that a total of 32 measurement
results fall between a range of 4.50 and 4.56 (see the calculations in the
magnified section). Their mid-value is 4.53.
In the left-hand calculation of the magnified section, the mid-value of the
center bar is subtracted from the mid-value of the left bar and the result is
0.06. That result is divided by two (0.03) and then subtracted from the
mid-value of the center bar. The result is 4.50 and represents the lowest
value of the 32 measurements represented in the center bar.
In the right-hand calculation of the magnified section, the mid-value of the
center bar is subtracted from the mid-value of the right bar and the result
is 0.06. That result is divided by two (0.03) and then added from the midvalue of the center bar. The result is 4.56 and represents the highest value
of the 32 measurements represented in the center bar.
The Data Box
Figure 6-7: The Data Box
Data
Description
Nominal
The nominal value.
Mean
The average value of the measurements taken.
USL
Upper Specification Limit.
LSL
Lower Specification Limit.
N
Total number of Samples.
Ngr
Number of Samples appearing in the displayed graph.
Ninc
Number of Samples between the tolerances.
There follows a further example of how the mid-value is calculated, from a
different set of parameters.
6-15
Graphical Reports
Figure 6-8: Distribution Chart of a Specified Part and Legend Number - 2nd Sample
0.868-.086=0.008÷2=0.004
0.868-0.004=0.864
0.876-0.868=0.008÷2=0.004
0.868+0.004=0.872
In this example we see that by using the same formula as before, the
lowest value of the bar comprising 34 measurements is 0.864 and the
highest measurement is 0.872
6-16
Graph Options
Graph Option #5 Distribution — Line Chart
Y-AXIS = NUMBER OF
MEASUREMENTS
32 MEASUREMENT
VALUES
NOMINAL VALUE
TOTAL NO. OF
MEASUREMENTS
MEAN VALUE
20 MEASUREMENT
VALUES
USL
LSL
4 MEASUREMENT
VALUES
NO. OF MEASUREMENTS
DISPLAYED IN GRAPH
BETWEEN USL AND LSL
X-AXIS =
TOLERANCE RANGE X 2
DIVIDED INTO 10
Figure 6-9: Line Graph Corresponding to Figure 3-7
6-17
Graphical Reports
Graph Option #6
Obtaining a Report with a Higher Resolution and More Details of a Set of Samples
Changing the Resolution by Adjusting the Field
By using the EDIT GRAPH window, you can obtain a higher resolution and
view more details of the viewed SAMPLES.
The EDIT GRAPH window (Figure 3-11,) shows that ten fields (by default,)
will be shown in the DISTRIBUTION GRAPH as illustrated in Figure 3-12.
DEFAULT
SETTING 10 FIELDS
Figure 6-10: Edit Graph Window to Display Ten Fields
Figure 6-11: Distribution Graph Showing Ten Fields
Increasing the number of FIELDS in the EDIT GRAPH dialog box (Figure 313), will enable you to see the readings of the same SAMPLES as appear in
Figure 3-12, but at a higher resolution and therefore in more detail (Figure
3-14).
6-18
Graph Options
NEW SETTING
TO 40 FIELDS
Figure 6-12: Edit Graph dialog box to Display 40 Fields
Figure 6-13: Distribution Graph Showing 40 Fields
Changing the Relative Tolerance to Obtain a Wider View
If the value of 'NGR' (the total number of SAMPLES appearing on the
displayed graph,) is less than the value of 'N', then there are additional
sample readings that do not appear on that displayed graph.
These readings are located either to the left or right of those appearing in
the graph. As an example, if you see that in
Figure 3-16,the visible readings appear to the left of the MEAN VALUE and
are more concentrated towards the LSL. Those readings that are not
visible, exist further to the left. You will therefore have to adjust the
setting of the LIMIT values in the EDIT GRAPH dialog box.
The following two figures illustrate a typical setting and displayed graph
respectively. The readings are concentrated towards the left of the
displayed graph and, from the details shown in the Data Box, it can be
6-19
Graphical Reports
deduced that further readings are located to the left of the displayed
graph.
Figure 6-14: Limit Setting for the Initial View
Figure 6-15: Graphic Display of the Initial View
The following two figures illustrate a typical adjusted setting and
displayed graph respectively. The Left LIMIT setting in the EDIT GRAPH
dialog box (Figure 3-17) has been reduced. Consequently, the lower limit of
the negative scale in the tolerance range has been increased. The area
displayed in the graph (Figure 3-18) has moved to the left but remains
static at the right end, because the RIGHT LIMIT value was not adjusted.
6-20
Graph Options
INCREASED
LEFT LIMIT
VALUE
Figure 6-16: Limit Setting for the Adjusted View
Figure 6-17: Graphic Display of the Adjusted View
The following diagrams further illustrate the change in tolerances that
have been made:
The Nominal Value is 16.38 and the tolerance is
0.1
Before the adjustment:
-2X0.1
16.08
2X0.1
16.28
16.48
6-21
Graphical Reports
After the adjustment:
-4X0.1
15.88
2X0.1
16.28
16.58
The TOLERANCE RANGE is now 6x0.1 and therefore a different value is
displayed on the X axis in Figure 3-18.
6-22
Graph Options
Graph Option #6 - Min/Max Graph
Figure 3-19 illustrates the various principle components of the
DISTRIBUTION GRAPHS.
Y-AXIS =
VALUES
MAX.VALUE
POSITIVE
s
USL
NOMINAL VALUE
MEAN VALUE
NEGATIVE
s
X-AXIS =
BY YEAR
LSL
MIN.VALUE
Figure 6-18: Distribution Min/Max Chart - By Year
USL
MEAN VALUE
NOMINAL VALUE
LSL
Figure 6-19: Distribution Min/Max Chart - By Month
6-23
Graphical Reports
Figure 6-20: Distribution Min/Max Chart - By Week
6-24
Textual Reports
7
Textual Reports
Text Reports Speed Bar Icons
Click This Icon
To…
View a full page of the report.
View the report at 100% zoom.
Zoom the report to 100% of the page width.
Display the first page of the report.
Display the previous page of the report.
Display the next page of the report.
Display the last page of the report.
Access the Print Setup dialog box.
Print the current report with the current print settings.
Access the Save As dialog box.
Open a report file.
Close the displayed report.
7-1
The Report Menu Commands
Text Reports
You generate text reports through the REPORTS menu.
There are three types of Reports that can be generated.
•
Comparative Report of Selected Samples
•
Measurement Report for Selected Samples
•
Statistical Analysis Report
For a full description of the Text Reports windows, see the Text Reports
section in the Around the Windows chapter (page 3-23).
Generating a Comparative Report of Selected Samples
Figure 7-1: A Typical Configure Report dialog box
TO GENERATE A COMPARATIVE REPORT OF SELECTED SAMPLES
1. > The ROMIDOT STATPACK MAIN SCREEN.
2. Select the required SAMPLES — in batches of no more than six at a
time.
3. > The ROMIDOT STATPACK MAIN SCREEN > REPORTS >
COMPARATIVE REPORT OF SELECTED SAMPLES.
The CONFIGURE REPORT dialog box appears (Figure 4-5).
4. Enter the relevant information in the text boxes and click OK.
The REPORT FOR SELECTED SAMPLES appears (Figure 4-6).
7-3
Statistical Process Charts
Only the first five lines of the text will appear in the Report —. irrespective of how
many lines of text you insert in the Supplier and Customer text boxes.
Figure 7-2: The Comparative Report of Selected Samples
7-4
TO PRINT THE COMPARATIVE REPORT OF SELECTED SAMPLES
•
With the required TEXT REPORT displayed, click
.
TO SAVE THE COMPARATIVE REPORT OF SELECTED SAMPLES
•
.
The file can be saved as a QUICK REPORT FILE (.qrf format) or a
text file (.txt format).
Generating a Quality Report for a Selected Sample
TO GENERATE A QUALITY REPORT FOR A SELECTED SAMPLE
1. > The ROMIDOT STATPACK MAIN SCREEN.
2. Select at least one Sample.
MEASUREMENT REPORT FOR SELECTED SAMPLES.
The QUALITY REPORT FOR A SELECTED SAMPLE appears
(Figure 4-7).
If you have selected more than one sample, you can navigate
between them by using the relevant icons as illustrated below.
For an explanation of these icons, see Text Reports Speed Bar
Icons section on page 3-23 in the Around the Windows chapter.
7-5
Figure 7-3: The Quality Report of a Selected Sample
7-6
TO PRINT THE COMPARATIVE REPORT OF SELECTED SAMPLES
•
.
TO SAVE THE COMPARATIVE REPORT OF SELECTED SAMPLES
•
.
Generating a Statistical Analysis Report
Figure 7-4: The Statistical Analysis Report dialog box
TO GENERATE THE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS REPORT
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS REPORT.
The STATISTICAL ANALYSIS dialog box appears (Figure 4-8).
2. Enter the relevant information in the text boxes and click OK.
The STATISTICAL ANALYSIS REPORT appears (Figure 4-9).
7-7
Figure 7-5: A Typical Statistical Analysis Report
TO PRINT THE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS REPORT
•
.
TO SAVE THE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS REPORT
•
7-8
.
Statistical Process Control Charts
StatPack is the Romidot software for generating SPC (Statistical Process
Control) charts and reports. The SPC features enable the manager to
make decisions regarding whether to get involved with production at any
point in time.
Four types of SPC charts are available:
•
X-bar and R charts
•
X-bar and S charts
•
Z chart
•
X-bar and moving range charts
The chart type is selected from the GRAPH menu, as shown in Figure 7-6.
Figure 7-6. Graph Menu
To generate any of the SPC graphs, it is necessary to define parameters
relating to the type of subgroup, the work shifts, the time frame and the
sample size.
All graphs other than the Z Chart relate to actual measured values
and do not take into account any defined tolerances.
Click SPC SUBGROUPS in the Graph Menu of Figure 7-6. The SPC
OPTIONS window opens (Figure 7-7).
7-9
Textual Reports
Figure 7-7. SPC Options Window
The number of samples is equal to the product of the number of work shifts
times the number of days (Table 1).
Under SUBGROUP KIND it is possible to define INDIVIDUAL GROUP, and this
will result in a single-item group. This has no practical significance.
Table 1. SPC Options Functions
Operation
Icon
Function
Subgroup
Kind
The period of time for which you
wish to observe measurements.
Work
Shifts
The workday can be divided into
work shifts. Click ADD to open a
window, in which you set the start
and end times for the new work
shift. When you wish to take out
a particular work shift, click the
REMOVE button.
Time
Frame
Define the start and end of the
time for the data to be processed;
or check ALL DAYS.
Sample
Size
Set the number of measurements
to be processed in each group.
These will always be the
measurements of the first items in
the group.
7-10
Operation
Icon
Function
OK
Save all the settings that you
have defined.
Cancel
Close without saving.
The X-Bar and R Charts
The X-bar chart and R chart (Figure 7-8) are used to assess whether the
production is continuing in a normal fashion or a deviation has occurred
that necessitates intervention by the manager. This is determined in
accordance with the criterion that all sample measurements (such as a
diameter, thickness, or the distance between two points) are located within
the range of plus or minus three times the standard deviation (sigma)
around the mean value, where the standard deviation is defined in the
glossary, which is accessed by clicking HELP > GLOSSARY.
The X-bar chart shows the average value of a given name of measurement
in each selected sample.
Click X-BAR AND R CHARTS in the MENU (Figure 7-6). The legend to the
right of the X-bar chart in Figure 7-8 is described in Table 2.
The vertical
axis of the Xbar Chart
represents the
average value
of the
measurements.
The vertical
axis of the R
chart
represents the
range between
the extreme
values of the
sample.
Figure 7-8. X-Bar and R Charts
7-11
Textual Reports
Table 2. X-Bar Chart Legend
10a – Angle (the name of the sample given name of measurement). A black
square indicates that the sample is of the size defined for sample size.
No data. A hollow diamond indicates that the sample had no measured data at
all.
Full group. A black square indicates that the sample was equal to the defined
sample size.
Partly full group: A blue square indicates that the sample was smaller than
the defined sample size.
Mean Val. The green horizontal line bisecting the X-bar chart indicates the
mean value of all the displayed sample average values.
The red UCLx (upper control limit) and LCLx (lower control limit) lines are
located above and beneath the mean value line, at a distance of three times
the standard deviation of the displayed-sample average values
The R chart shows the range of the measurements in each selected sample,
between the largest and smallest measured values. The legend (Table 3) is
essentially the same as for the X-bar chart (Table 2).
The red UCLr (upper control limit) may not be symmetrical with the
red LCLr , which is zero if the calculated value would be negative.
Table 3. R Chart Legend
Range of Sample. The range of the measurements in each selected sample.
No Data. A hollow diamond indicates that the sample had no measured data
at all.
Full Group. A black square indicates that the sample was equal to the defined
sample size.
Partly full group. A blue square indicates that the sample was smaller than
the defined size.
Avg. Range. The green horizontal line bisecting the X-bar chart indicates the
mean value of all the displayed ranges.
The red UCLr (upper control limit) and LCLr (lower control limit) lines are
located above and beneath the mean value line, at a distance of three times
the standard deviation of the displayed-range values, or at zero, as described
above.
7-12
The X-Bar and S Charts
The X-bar chart and S chart (Figure 7-9) are used for further assessment
of whether the measurement results indicate that production is continuing
in a normal fashion, or that a deviation has occurred that necessitates
intervention by the manager.
The vertical
axis of the Xbar Chart
represents the
average value
of the
measurements.
The vertical
axis of the S
chart
represents the
standard
deviation for
each sample.
Figure 7-9. X-bar and S Charts
Click X-BAR AND S CHARTS in the MENU (Figure 7-6). The X-bar chart is
identical to that described above in The X-Bar and R Charts section above.
The S chart, on the other hand, shows the standard deviation for the
defined measurements of each subgroup. The green horizontal line
bisecting the S chart is the average value of the standard deviations of the
measurements plotted on the associated X-bar chart.
The legend (Table 4) is essentially the same as for the R chart (Table 3),
including the location of the upper and lower control limit lines, as pointed
out in the previous note.
7-13
Textual Reports
Table 4. S Chart Legend
Std. Dev. of 10a. The standard deviation of the standard deviations of
the measurements. A black square indicates that the sample is of the
size defined for sample size.
No data. A hollow diamond indicates that the sample had no
measured data at all.
Partly Full Group: A blue square indicates that the sample was
smaller than the defined size.
Avg. of Std. Dev. The green horizontal line bisecting the S chart is the
average value of the standard deviations of the measurements plotted
on the associated X-bar chart.
The red UCLs (upper control limit) LCLs (lower control limit) lines are
located above and below the mean value of the standard deviations at
a distance of three times the standard deviation of the displayed
sample measurements, or at zero if the value would be negative.
7-14
The Z Chart
The Z chart (Figure 7-10), unlike the charts that have been discussed
above, indicates the deviations of the measurements from the specified
values. Each case in which the measured value is outside the required
tolerance (that is, “out of spec”) is defined as a defect. The criterion for
acceptance is that the measured values are within the specification limits.
The vertical
axis of the Z
Chart
represents
the
proportion of
defects in
terms of
sigma
Figure 7-10. Z Chart
The Z chart represents the individual values of the standard deviation for
each subgroup. Each point (designated the Z score) plotted on the chart
designates the proportion of defects in the subgroup. In each subgroup, ui
is the proportion of defects and is equal to the number of defects in the
group (work shift) divided by the number of units n in the group.
The calculations are discussed in the Calculations for Z Chart section below.
Table 5 describes the items shown on the Z chart.
Table 5. Z Chart Legend
No data. A hollow diamond indicates that the sample had no measured
data at all.
Z score 10a. The value of Z for the sample. A black square indicates that
the sample is of the size defined for sample size.
CL (0). The green horizontal control line bisecting the Z values.
The red UCLz (upper control limit) LCLz (lower control limit) lines are
located above and below the mean value of the standard deviations at a
distance of three times the standard deviation of the displayed sample
measurements.
7-15
Textual Reports
There is no significance to the sample size of the group
under consideration, since the calculation is based on the
total number of items in each work shift.
The Moving Range Chart
The Moving Range chart (Figure 7-11) is the only chart that is based on
individual measurements. The Moving Range chart is used when it is
necessary for process control to be based on individual readings, rather
than subgroups.
The Individuals chart plots the measured value for each item that has
been measured, and the red CL is the center line that designates the
average of all these measurements.
The Moving Range Chart plots the difference between consecutive
measurements. Thus, the plotted value on this chart for the ith point is the
difference between the measured values of the ith and i-1st point.
The vertical
axis of the
Individuals
Chart
represents the
value of each
measurement.
The vertical
axis of the
Moving Range
Chart
represents the
difference
between the
measured
value of the
current sample
and that of the
previous one.
Figure 7-11. Moving Range Chart
Table 6 describes the items shown on the Individuals chart. Table 7
describes the items shown on the Moving Range chart.
7-16
Table 6. Individuals Chart Legend
10a – Distance. The measured value for each item.
Mean Val. The average measured value for all the items.
The red UCLx (upper control limit) LCLx (lower control limit) lines
are located above and below the mean value of the standard
deviations at a distance of three times the standard deviation of
the displayed measurements.
Table 7. Moving Range Chart Legend
Moving range of 10a. For point i, the difference between the
measured value of i+1 and i.
Avg. Range. The mean of all the measured values.
The red UCLm (upper control limit) LCLm (lower control limit)
lines are located above and below the mean value of the standard
deviations at a distance of three times the standard deviation of
the measured values in the Individuals chart.
Calculations for Z Chart
The calculations consist of determining the mean number of defects for all
the groups and comparing them to each other.
The parameter u bar is the average of all the values of ui for all the
measurements included in all the subgroups.
_
u=
u1 + u 2 + ... + u n
n
The standard deviation of all the measurements of all the units in the
subgroup is designated σn.
σ n = σ (ui ) , u = 1,2,...n
The value of the parameter Zi for each subgroup i is then defined as
_
ui − u
Zi =
σ (ui − un )
Zi designates the proportion of defects for the ith subgroup out of the total
number of measurements. The larger the value of Zi, the more defects in
that group with respect to the number of defects in the other groups. The
closer to zero this value is, the more the group is similar to the other
groups from the standpoint of the proportion of defects.
7-17

Statpack 3-R01

Transcription

Similar documents

July, 1993 - Stumpf Welding Supplies

Stallions are Sons of Doc O Lena, Smooth as a Cat, Peptoboonsmal

here

Comparing Old and New Game – The Legend of Zelda : Wind

Doc 33GL-15-0386

Communication instrument which can be used in

Can I use the document camera as a webcam for Skype (and other

FM Music Live - November 2006

Setting an Android Device to AutoFill Password Fields in

Enerquip RFQ Form - Summit Equipment Company, Inc.