Beyond BYOD copy that

April 2013 •  WWW.SCMAGAZINE.COM 
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FEATURES:
urgent
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Health providers have pressing
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says INTEGRIS Health’s John
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Beyond BYOD
The ever-increasing use of personal  
devices has tested enterprise  
defenses, so plans must be created  
to meet the challenge P26
Copy that
A groundbreaking copyright case could  
change the legal role of Canadian ISPs PC1
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VOLUME 24 NO. 4 • April 2013 • WEBSITE WWW.SCMAGAZINE.COM • EMAIL SCFEEDBACKUS@HAYMARKETMEDIA.COM
REGULARS
PRODUCT REVIEWS
4 Editorial Sidestepping the humdrum
33Product section
Today’s SIEMs are much more than
just event managers.
8 Threat report Belarus was the
leading source of zombie IP addresses
Guard
against broadcasting
confidential data
What goes into a SIEM these days is
not so well-defined, but essentially
these tools aggregate network
activity into a single addressable
dataset.
of a quarter million Twitter users
12 Update Canada will implement
several initiatives to address threats
and share information with the United
States
48First Look: Fortinet
FortiDDoS is straightforward and
effective.
13 Debate China is the top cyber threat
to the United States
14 Two minutes on… Cleaning up the
CVSS
15 Skills in demand Growing demand
for IT-GRC-focused data analysts
McAfee Enterprise Security Manager P44
John Delano, CIO at INTEGRIS Health P20
16 From the CSO’s desk You are an
APT target, by Phillip Ferraro, CISO,
DRS Integrated Defense Systems and
Service
17 Letters From the online mailbag
18 Opinion BlackBerry back in the
game, by Darryl Wilson, Dimension
Data Americas
49 Calendar A guide to upcoming IT
Did you know that mobile workers who use a privacy
filter are 50% more productive than those who don’t?*
3M Visual Privacy Solutions give your employees the
privacy they need to get work done. 3M has been helping
organizations keep their data private for over 25 years.
34Group Test: SIEM
10 Threat stats Attackers accessed PII
security shows, events and courses
50 Last word Cyber war, this is
not, by Jonathan Gossels, CEO,
SystemExperts
FEATURES
20 Urgent care
Health providers have pressing reasons
to now embrace security, says INTEGRIS
Health’s John Delano.
C1 Copy that
A groundbreaking copyright infringement
case could change the legal role of
Canadian ISPs.
26 Beyond BYOD
The ever-increasing use of personal
devices has tested enterprise defenses,
so plans must be created to meet the
challenge.
28 Suspect everything
Step up your visual privacy with 3M.
3Mscreens.com/Business
Are there ways to catch sophisticated
malware that hides in trusted processes
and services? We investigate.
3M Visual Privacy Solutions
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30 Deciphering cloud strategy
Dave Aitel P13
*Visual Privacy Productivity Study, Ponemon Institute 2013.
3M is a trademark of 3M. © 3M 2013. All rights reserved.
EventTracker Enterprise P40
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There are steps security pros can take to
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Sidestepping the humdrum
D
iscussing cyber security trends with a
number of industry players has me sighing, “ho hum.” Don’t get me wrong, I’m
just as stoked as ever to be leading the charge
at SC Magazine, navigating all the happenings
to bring you timely news and features, events,
videos and more.
Still, the topics we’re all discussing lately
have become a little routine. Sure, the IT
security space is crazy hot these days. President Obama’s recent executive order seemed
to call information security issues to the fore.
Then there’s the resurrection of CISPA, which
sees the same debates as last year cropping
up in Congress. I mean, how many times do
lawmakers need to be told that security initiatives shouldn’t curtail citizens’ basic rights,
like privacy?
Other interesting headlines are hitting, too.
Mandiant’s recent report that cited a unit of
China’s People’s Liberation Army stealing
heaps of data from hundreds of U.S.-basedcompanies got crazy coverage. But, let’s face
it: China’s government spearheading attacks
on U.S. organizations is far from breaking
news. The interesting twist now is the toand-fro between the U.S. and China, which
most recently saw Chinese officials registering
willingness to engage in global cooperation to
thwart cyber crime, yet all the while maintaining that China has been victimized, too – a
caveat unsurprising to most of us.
So, is something different awaiting us?
According to London-based industry body
BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT, a threat
only pondered before could see attackers
using internet-connected devices, like those in
hospitals, to execute physical crimes, such as
murder. Another involves near-field communication (NFC) chips used for mobile
payments, which will become a part of
every smartphone soon. Cyber thieves,
therefore, will be able to use holes in
banking/e-commerce apps leveraging
these chips to launch attacks with ease.
Yes, there always will be the same
old, same old. Yet, new methods
of attack continually are upon us.
Fortunately, there are pretty forwardthinking industry pros, like those
we honored recently at our SC
Awards U.S. gala. By making more
interesting plays, re-configuring
their departments, modifying
their policies and programs to
address the constantly evolving threat landscape and
still more, hopefully those
recurring moments will be
few and far between.
But, then again, we’ve still
got plenty of repetitive hype
pushed by some vendors at
conferences like RSA through
terribly passé-for-the-times booth
babes. Ho-hum. Now, booth
buds, that’s pioneering.
Illena Armstrong is VP, editorial
of SC Magazine.
...security initiatives shouldn’t
curtail citizens’ basic rights,
like privacy.”
4 SC • April 2013 • www.scmagazine.com
IBM logo, ibm.com, Smarter Planet and the planet icon are trademarks of International Business Machines Corp., registered in many jurisdictions worldwide. A current list of IBM trademarks is available on the Web at www.ibm.com/legal/copytrade.shtml.
ational Business Machines Corporation 2013.
Editorial
SMARTER TECHNOLOGY FOR A SMARTER PLANET
FROM DETAILS TO DESIRES:
Companies aren’t short on
data. In fact, with the average
large business storing more
than 200 terabytes, companies
have more than enough data to
tell them who is buying their
product, as well as how, when
and where the buying happens.
DATA’S NEW VOICE.
Today, however, customers
expect a company to know why
they’re buying. Or why they
aren’t. Because when a company
knows what motivates customers,
it can serve them better.
The good news is such data
exists, just not in the columns,
rows, reports and purchase
histories we’re used to. It’s called
big data, and it comes from
tweets, videos, clickstreams and
other unstructured sources.
It’s the data of desire. And
today, we have the technology
and tools to make sense of it.
So now, instead of learning
which customers it has lost,
a company can learn which
customers it might lose and
present timely offers or
products motivating those
customers to stay. Using IBM
Smarter Analytics to identify
which customers were most
likely to switch to another
“For the first time,
we can decide which
promotions to run
based on facts rather
than gut feel.”
Patrick Neeley
Chief Business
Of ficer, Chickasaw
Nation Division
of Commerce
THE POWER OF BIG DATA.
2
1
0
#
3
4
$
5
8
6
£ €
$
¥
€
£
€
¥
¥
$
£
£ $
Combining big data with
company data paints a better
picture of the customer.
80%
of the data currently
produced is unstructured
—coming from sources
like images, videos,
tweets, posts and e-mails.
MINING MOTIVATION.
Enter Smarter Analytics from
IBM —software, systems and
strategies that help companies
combine their own enterprise
data with their consumers’
unstructured data to see a fuller
picture. A big data platform,
paired with predictive and
sentiment analytics, allows
organizations to correlate,
for example, sales records
with social media mentions
for more relevant insights.
communications carrier,
XO Communications was able
to predict likely customer
defections within 90 days,
reducing churn by 35 percent
the first year.
With IBM Smarter Analytics,
companies are gathering big
data and using it to ask— and
answer—smarter questions about
what their customers really want.
ibm.com/usingbigdata
Tweet
Tweet
Tweet
Tweet
Tweet
Tweet
Share
LET’S BUILD A
SMARTER PLANET.
IBM, the IBM logo, ibm.com, Smarter Planet and the planet icon are trademarks of International Business Machines Corp., registered in many jurisdictions worldwide. A current list of IBM trademarks is available on the Web at www.ibm.com/legal/copytrade.shtml.
© International Business Machines Corporation 2013.
What is SC congress 24/7?
SC Magazine has created a free virtual
environment that is open year-round.
Each month we host an event focused
on a subject that you as an IT security
professional face on a regular basis.
THIS MONTH
April 11
eSymposium: Mobile security
The security and privacy issues surrounding the use of mobile devices abound.
And though BYOD has been alive
and well for some time now, many
11 organizations still face myriad
challenges in deploying just the
right security solutions – and the proper
policies and training to support these.
Now the problem has become even more
confounding with the rise of BYO-service,
software or technology. Alongside the
privacy and security issues, challenges
around compliance only get more complex as users demand more mobility. We
examine recent developments in the area
of mobility and find out some programs
that are showing some positive inroads
April 25
eSymposium: Cyber espionage
Even members of Congress can
agree that nation-state spying is a
major problem for both the country’s
corporations and government agencies.
From direct attacks on companies to
15
backdoors
that allegedly are cropping
up in telecommunications hardware and
software sold to U.S.-based organizations,
the methods to conduct cyber espionage
attacks run the gamut. We take a look
at the threat and find out what the U.S.
government, private firms and others are
doing to address the problem.
For more info
For details on SC Congress 24/7
events, please contact Natasha Mulla at
natasha.mulla@haymarketmedia.com.
For sponsorship opportunities,
contact Mike Alessie at mike.alessie@
haymarketmedia.com. Or visit
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6 SC • April 2013 • www.scmagazine.com
SC MAGAZINE EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD 2013
Rich Baich, chief information security officer,
Wells Fargo & Co.; former principal, security and
privacy, Deloitte and Touche
Greg Bell, global information protection and
security lead partner, KPMG
Paul Kurtz, partner and chief operating officer,
Good Harbor Consulting
Kris Lovejoy, vice president of IT risk,
office of the CIO, IBM
Christopher Burgess, chief security officer and
president, public sector, Atigeo
Tim Mather, chief information security officer and
vice president of security and compliance markets,
Splunk; former director, information protection, KPMG
Jaime Chanaga, managing director,
CSO Board Consulting
Stephen Northcutt, president,
SANS Technology Institute
Rufus Connell, research director,
information technology, Frost & Sullivan
Randy Sanovic, former general director,
information security, General Motors
Dave Cullinane, CEO, Security Starfish;
former chief information security officer, eBay
* Howard Schmidt, partner, Ridge Schmidt
Security; principal, HAS Security; former cyber security
coordinator, White House
Mary Ann Davidson, chief security officer,
Oracle
Dennis Devlin, assistant vice president,
information security and compliance services,
George Washington University
Ariel Silverstone, chief security officer adviser, GNN;
former chief information security officer, Expedia
Justin Somaini, former chief information security
officer, Yahoo
Gerhard Eschelbeck, chief technology officer and
senior vice president, Sophos
Craig Spiezle, chairman, Online Trust Alliance;
former director, online safety technologies, Microsoft
Gene Fredriksen, chief information security officer,
Tyco International
W. Hord Tipton, executive director, (ISC)2;
former CIO, U.S. Department of the Interior
Maurice Hampton, technical account manager,
Qualys
Amit Yoran, chief executive officer, NetWitness;
former director, U.S. Department of Homeland
Security’s National Cyber Security Division
* emeritus
MOBILE
MASTERY
Security and flexibility for the BYOD era.
Who’s who at SC Magazine
EDITORIAL
VP, Editorial Illena Armstrong
illena.armstrong@haymarketmedia.com
executive editor Dan Kaplan
dan.kaplan@haymarketmedia.com
managing Editor Greg Masters
greg.masters@haymarketmedia.com
digital content coordinator Marcos Colón
marcos.colon@haymarketmedia.com
reporter Danielle Walker
danielle.walker@haymarketmedia.com
TECHNOLOGY EDITOR Peter Stephenson
peter.stephenson@haymarketmedia.com
SC LAB MANAGER Mike Stephenson
mike.stephenson@haymarketmedia.com
DIRECTOR OF SC LAB OPERATIONS John Aitken
john.aitken@haymarketmedia.com
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judy.traub@haymarketmedia.com
program director, sc congresS
Eric Green eric.green@haymarketmedia.com
regular CONTRIBUTORS
Stephen Lawton, Deb Radcliff, Karen Epper Hoffman
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MANAGEMENT
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Executive vP Tony Keefe
Imagine an enterprise network with smartphones, tablets, mobile PCs – and
no compromises. ForeScout delivers real-time visibility and control over
mobile computing devices. Users get the freedom, while you protect the
network from data loss and malicious threats. Poof! Your primary IT problems
just disappeared. Get an IDC whitepaper and more BYOD Essentials at
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DataBank
ThreatReport
Cyber criminal activity across the globe, plus a roundup of security-related news
Colored dots on the map show levels of spam delivered via compromised computers
(spam zombies). Activity is based on the frequency with which spam messaging
corresponding with IP addresses are received by Symantec’s network of two million
probes with a statistical reach of more than 300 million mailboxes worldwide.
HIGH-LEVEL ACTIVITIES
MEDIUM-LEVEL ACTIVITIES
LOW-LEVEL ACTIVITIES
U.K. – Six more people, all reporters or former
LOS ANGELES – A subdomain of The
Los Angeles Times was serving malware
MARYSVILLE, OHIO – Hackers
infiltrated a pizzeria’s computer systems to plant data-sniffing malware
that allowed the thieves to make off
with dozens of customers’ credit card
numbers. Patrons of Benny’s Pizza
reported that their cards were fraudulently used in the U.S. and overseas.
for some six weeks before it was detected,
according to security blogger Brian Krebs.
Visitors to the site were redirected to a
page that served the BlackHole exploit kit.
A paper spokesperson blamed a Google
display ad “glitch.”
PLANO, TEXAS – A federal jury
convicted Michael Musacchio, 61, for
hacking into the network of his former
employer to steal proprietary information that he sought to use at a competing manufacturing logistics company
he launched. He is scheduled to be
sentenced in June.
reporters, have been charged in connection with the
News of the World phone hacking scandal. The arrests
are related to a separate conspiracy to intercept
voicemails. In July 2011, the paper was closed when
it emerged that investigators were paid to hack the
phones of politicians, celebrities and others.
DUBAI – Authorities accused three people of
orchestrating a scam that stole about $2 million from
exchange companies. The miscreants gained remote
access to the systems and websites belonging to the
firms and transferred funds into their own accounts.
The gang was based in Asia and Africa.
BELGIUM – The Data
PALM BEACH, FLA. –
Police charged a senior clerk at
the city’s Health Department with
stealing the personal information of 2,800 patients. Salita St.
Simon, 30, sold the data, which
included names and Social Security numbers, to accomplices so
they could file false tax returns.
Protection Authority released
new information protection
guidelines in light of two major
data breaches affecting large organizations in the country. The
guidance centers on technology
and network design, breach
notification and enforcement.
The recommendations are not
bound by law, but are expected
to be followed.
BURMA – Journalists in Myanmar
may have been attacked by state-sponsored hackers. According to reports,
the victims believe they may have been
targeted for information related to
their coverage of an ongoing conflict in
the country’s northern region that has
pitted the government against rebel
fighters.
Belarus top producer of zombie IP addresses
During the past month, the EMEA region (Europe,
Middle East, Africa) was the leading source of all zombie IP addresses. Of the countries making up the EMEA
region, Belarus was the highest producing country. For
the other regions the top producers were Argentina in
South America, United States in North America and
China in the Asia-Pacific region. Source: Symantec
8 SC • April 2013 • www.scmagazine.com
www.scmagazine.com • April 2013 • SC 9
DataBank
Zombie IPs Global distribution
ThreatStats
Other S. America
2.6%
Top 5 attacks used by U.S. hackers
1. ZeroAccess trojan
Other
N. America
5.2%
2. Sinowal trojan
India 13.6%
3. Pushdo trojan
4. Chinese Infostealer trojan
The education sector was hit with the most malware in the last measurement
China 8.5%
5. Downloader trojan
Other Europe
18.5%
Top 5 attacks used by foreign hackers
Russia 5.3%
Malware Vertical encounter rate
1. ZeroAccess trojan
Top breaches in February Data loss
Industry
Rate
1
Education
146%
2
Retail and wholesale
104%
3
Health care
100%
4
Banking and finance
69%
5
Food and beverage
58%
6
Government
46%
7
IT and telecommunications
46%
Type of breach
Twitter
San
Francisco
Online attackers accessed the
usernames, email addresses, session
tokens, encrypted passwords (no SSNs)
of users.
250,000
Central
Hudson Gas
& Electric
Poughkeepsie,
N.Y.
Customer banking information and
other personal information may have
been accessed during an attack over
Presidents' Day weekend.
110,000
Froedtert
Health
Milwaukee
A virus was discovered on an employee's computer account. One of the
files on the computer contained PII of
patients (including some SSNs).
43,000
607,255,063
3. Downloader trojan
Belarus 5.3%
Other Asia
19.3%
4. Chinese Infostealer trojan
Iran 3.7%
Argentina 3.6%
5. Sinowal trojan
Brazil Colombia Peru
2.7% 2.7% 3.2%
The biggest increases in month-over-month zombie activity occurred in
India and “other” European and North American nations, while the largest
decreases occurred in China, Vietnam and “other” Asian and South American
nations.
Source: Commtouch Software Online Labs
Spam rate Volume by month for each region
There were 17,211,495 attacks in the United States last month, primarily
originating from Los Angeles, Cleveland, Phoenix, New York and Chicago.
There were 26,067,075 foreign attacks last month, primarily originating
from Bucharest, Romania; Tokyo; Mumbai, India; Taipei, Taiwan; and Sao
Paulo, Brazil. Source: Dell SecureWorks
Received spam Top five regions
Asia Pacific 5.4B
Total number of records containing sensitive personal information
involved in breaches in the U.S. since January 2005:
The chart above reflects the encounter rate in January of web malware
across a selection of industry verticals. Rates above 100 percent reflect a
higher-than-median rate of encounter, and rates below 100 percent reflect a
lower-than-media rate.
Source: Cisco
2. Pushdo trojan
Vietnam 5.8%
Number
of records
Name
United States 11.52%
Japan 3.47%
Europe 2.5B
Africa & Middle East 1.8B
(as of March 11)
North America 1.0B
Source: Privacy Rights Clearinghouse
(data from a service provided by DataLossDB.org, hosted by the Open Security Foundation)
South America 1.0M
Index of cyber security Perceived risk
0
1B
2B
3B
4B
Colombia 2.53%
Detected activity
Position
5B
6B
Spam rate indicates the
accumulated emails tagged
as unsolicited.
France 1.87%
Canada 1.74%
0%
3%
6%
Source: Cloudmark
9%
12%
Source: Fortinet Threatscape Report
3.0
1,650
1,550
1,450
Internet dangers Top 10 threats
2.5
Rate of change over
previous month (%)
2.0
1,350
1,250
1,150
1,050
1.5
Index value
03/12
04/12
05/12
06/12
07/12 08/12
09/12
10/12
11/12
12/12
01/13 02/13
1.0
The index queries information security industry professionals monthly to gauge their perceived risk to the corporate, industrial and governmental information
infrastructure from a spectrum of cyber security threats. A higher index value indicates a perception of increasing risk, while a lower index value indicates the
opposite.
Source: ICS, www.cybersecurityindex.com
10 SC • April 2013 • www.scmagazine.com
Name
Movement
Date first observed
Type
Last month
Months on list
1.
Lamechi.B
p
01/10/12
Downloader
2
1
2.
Hotbar
p
09/23/10
Adware
3
13
3.
Kelihos.F
p
03/31/12
Backdoor
8
6
4.
Sality.AM
p
09/26/10
Virus
18
3
5.
Sality.AT
p
12/05/10
Virus
9
3
6.
Zbot
09/22/10
PasswordStealer
1
3
7.
Vobfus
p
01/06/11
Worm
15
2
8.
Loring
p
02/06/11
Downloader
10
2
9.
Fesber.F
p
02/14/11
Worm
14
1
10.
Expiro.BC
p
08/29/12
Virus
0
0
Source: Kindsight
Security Labs
www.scmagazine.com • April 2013 • SC 11
Update
2 minutes on...
Cleaning up the
CVSS: Plans for
version 3 P14
Me and my job
Build communities
of experts to define
best practices P15
China Breach
A detailed report from
incident response and
forensic firm Mandiant
on the inner workings of
a Chinese-based cyber
espionage group uncovered the purported theft
of hundreds of terabytes
of information from more
than 100 organizations
in the United States. The
operations of the secret
Chinese military unit
61398 were traced to
a 12-story building in
Shanghai.
Over the next five years, Canada
will implement several initiatives
to address threats and share
information with the United
States, according to its 2013 budget. Initiatives include “enhancing Canada’s capability to share
immigration information.” Canada
will implement an Electronic
Travel Authorization system to screen foreign nationals,
although this wouldn’t apply to
U.S. citizens, it added.
The recovery of lost records
may not alleviate a $25 million
lawsuit against Ottawa ‘s Montfort Hospital, which faces a
A need for IT-GRCfocused data
analysts P15
Debate» China is the top cyber threat to the
China has denied the hacking accusations.
THE QUOTE
I don’t think
they’re going to
burst into tears
if we say mean
things about
them.”
– James Lewis,
senior fellow at the
Center for Strategic
and International
Studies, on White
House attempts to curb
Chinese espionage
attacks
12 SC • April 2013 • www.scmagazine.com
$25 million complaint after losing
a USB stick containing 25,000
customer records.
On Jan. 18, the hospital went
public with the news that the
unencrypted USB key with patient
data had been lost after an
employee left the hospital with
it to work at home. On March 27,
the USB key was recovered. However, Sharon Strosberg, a lawyer
representing patients, said her
clients were still concerned about
whether it was accessed, and
records copied during the period
when it was missing.
On the heels of an email
campaign in which Tibetan
activists were targeted with
malicious Android apps, academic researchers in Canada have
detailed how foreign spies are
upping their game. In an analysis
released last month of another
Android malware campaign targeting these same Tibetan activists, researchers at the Citizen
Lab, part of the Munk School of
Global Affairs at the University
of Toronto, have determined
that it appears to be the work of
Chinese hackers, possibly with
the assistance of the nation’s government or a major corporation.
The research began when a Tibetan “source” tipped off the Citizen
Lab by sending it a copy of an email
that was the spoofed version of an
actual email sent in December from
an unnamed information security
expert to a member of the Tibetan
Parliament-in-Exile.
Chinese hackers have long been
suspected in various malware
campaigns targeting Tibetan
dissidents, but this latest Android
threat provides some of the most
convincing evidence to date that
the attacks are state sponsored.
THREAT OF
THE MONTH
United States.
UPnP
AGAINST Is China stealing our intel-
While it’s probably true that all
nations engage in cyber espionage to support their national
interests, no other country
has targeted and breached the
United States to the extent and
with the level of daring that
China has. Massive operations
Jason Glassberg
co-founder
like Nitro, Aurora, Shady
Casaba
RAT, Night Dragon – and the
more recent attacks on the New York Times,
Wall Street Journal and Bloomberg – show
the vast scale, frequency and range of targets
that China is able to pull off. While the U.S.
certainly faces other cyber foes, and some of
these are quite serious, none of them seem to
have the breadth and reach that the Chinese
do. The Chinese are into virtually everything –
SCADA, telecom, oil/natural gas, public companies, consumer tech companies, universities,
nonprofit organizations, military agencies,
government departments, etc. – basically every
facet of the U.S. economy and our government. What makes this especially dangerous is
the seeming unwillingness of the Chinese government to confront this problem publicly.
FOR
NEWS BRIEFS
Provincial police in Ontario
are investigating the theft of
$7,500 in phone service from an
unidentified company. Police in
Perth County are looking into a
breach in a VoIP system used
by an unnamed company in the
area. The incident enabled intruders to make more than 1,000
phone calls for free. The company
remained unaware of the problem
until Bell Canada informed it of
excessive long-distance bills.
Police said the company had
used “very weak” passwords, which
enabled the thieves to gain access
to the system. They installed a
trojan on the company’s server,
allowing calls to be forwarded.
In the past, VoIP thieves have
sold phone time at deeply discounted rates on compromised
systems, effectively turning
themselves into illegal, cut-price
telecommunications outfits.
Skills in demand
lectual property and probing
our networks millions of times
a day? Yes. Does this make
them the top cyber threat to the
United States? No. Here’s why:
China’s modus operandi is
information-gathering,
not
Dave Aitel
CEO
attacking.
They’re
in
the
busiImmunity
ness of gathering intel and
stealing secrets, which is bad, but not as bad as
destroying that data, sabotaging companies or
internal networks, or launching critical infrastructure attacks. China will never go there
because its economy is too intertwined with
our own. Therefore, its goal isn’t to destroy the
U.S., just to compete with us.
The more dangerous threat comes from
adversarial countries that we could, at some
point, go to war with – think Iran. Just look at
what Iran did to Saudi Aramco. This is the real
threat, and the one we’re least prepared for –
i.e., data-wiping a major U.S. bank or taking
over and crashing an unmanned aerial vehicle
(UAV) into a building in retaliation for U.S.
foreign policies and military intervention.
THE SC Magazine POLL
THE STATS
Is President Obama’s cyber security executive order
good enough to improve information sharing?
We don’t
need either.
Leave it to the
marketplace.
17.5%
Yes, it directs
federal
agencies to
provide threat
intel to the
private sector.
45%
37.5%
No, we also
need legislation
so there is a
mechanism for
enforcement.
8
months away: As part
of the executive order, a
preliminary framework is
due from NIST on how to
take existing security best
practices and get them
adopted more widely
52
percent increase in
attacks on oil pipelines and
electric power organizations
from the number of reported
attacks in 2012
What is it?
Security vulnerabilities
have been discovered
in Universal Plug and
Play (UPnP), which lets
network-enabled devices
communicate with each
other.
How does it work?
The flaws in UPnP Simple
Service Discovery Protocol
(SSDP), UPnP HTTP and
Simple Object Access
Protocol (SOAP) can be
exploited by attackers
to crash the service and
execute arbitrary code. The
SOAP vulnerabilities also
expose private networks
to attacks and data leaks.
In some cases, attackers
can get past the firewall to
launch an attack on connected machines.
Should I be worried?
New research has shed light
on the endemic extent of the
vulnerabilities. It shows that
40-50 million UPnP-enabled
devices are exposed to the
internet and vulnerable to
attack via these flaws. The
possibility is that you could
be affected.
How can I prevent it?
UPnP should be disabled
from all external-facing
and/or critical devices.
Users are encouraged to
scan their networks for
vulnerable UPnP services.
– HD Moore, CSO, Rapid7
To take our latest weekly poll, visit www.scmagazine.com
Source: White House/DHS
www.scmagazine.com • April 2013 • SC 13
Update
2 MINUTES ON...
Cleaning up the CVSS
C
onsidering the frequency by which IT
vendors release both
scheduled and unexpected
security updates, from Oracle
to Adobe to Microsoft, prioritization is a key part of
the patching strategy of any
customer.
That mindset was the impetus behind the 2005 creation
of the Common Vulnerability
Scoring System (CVSS), a
common standard created
by FIRST (Forum of Incident Response and Security
Teams), used to convey the
traits and ramifications of a
security flaw. Since its release,
a number of leading IT
vendors have embraced the
scoring system, and it’s seen
significant adoption within
Fortune 500 businesses to
Briefs
custom assess the severity of
patches. But, while standardized vulnerability scores are
essential, CVSS suffers from
some flaws, said Brian Martin, content manager of the
Open Source Vulnerability
Database.
For instance, the framework gauges authentication
and access complexity using
outdated parameters, failing
to consider the modern-day
scenarios in which an attacker
can become authenticated or
a malicious PDF can spread.
“[There] are examples
where it’s overly simplified,”
said Martin, who joined
colleague Carsten Eiram
in recently co-authoring
an open letter to FIRST in
advance of CVSS version 3,
now under consideration.
“You have to find a good
balance between a granular
scoring system and one that’s
easy to use.”
More difficult to remediate in the next CVSS version is the specificity of bug
information that the affected
software and hardware makers provide to organizations
like the National Vulnerability Database to generate
CVSS scores. In some cases,
4,347
new security
vulnerabilities were
reported in 2012
– National Vulnerability
Database
after all of the details eventually became public, it was
apparent that certain flaws
didn’t deserve the high scores
they received. But that’s
not before businesses may
have thrown resources – or
weekend work – at repairing
a problem they could have
waited on. “You don’t have
to give us all the technical
details, but give us enough,”
Martin said of IT makers.
Seth Hanford, chairman of
FIRST’s CVSS Special Interest Group, said many of the
concerns raised by Martin
and Eiram will be worked
into the v3 release, scheduled
for summer 2014.
“Virtualization, a major
shift into threats targeting
client-side vulnerabilities,
and a greater need to capture more information about
vulnerabilities – among
other things – are all driving
us to the improvements we
have planned for v3,” he said
in an email. – Dan Kaplan
JOBS MARKET
Me and my job
Blake Frantz
director of benchmark development,
security benchmarks division, Center
for Internet Security (CIS)
How do you describe your
job to average people?
My job is to build communities of experts who can define
what best practice looks like
for securely configuring IT
components, such as operating systems, web browsers
and mobile devices. At CIS,
we call each set of best prac-
tices a “benchmark.” From
there, our team coordinates
with customers and partners
to automate the assessment
and implementation of those
benchmarks in organizations.
Why did you get into IT
security?
I wasn’t given a choice.
I’ve had a heavy stoke for
security-related work since
high school, when a friend
and I developed an interest
in phone security. We found
other like-minded people on
a bulletin board system. Over
the years, the communities
and projects have changed,
but not the stoke.
What was one of your
biggest challenges?
CIS benchmarks cover a wide
range of technologies and I
enjoy studying the security
mechanics of most of them.
One of my biggest challenges
is maintaining a balance
between digging in enough
to effectively perform my job
and spending too much time
geeking out.
What keeps you up at
night?
I lose sleep when a project isn’t
progressing as fast as I’d like,
or when I’m amped about a
concept that CIS or another
organization is developing.
Of what are you most
proud?
I take pride in my work, but
I’m most proud of my family
and friends. IT accomplishments are awesome, but bear
hugs and high fives are my
kind of jam.
For what would you use a
magic IT security wand?
I would conjure up an infinite pool of highly skilled
security experts who took
to heart the wise words of
Spider-Man’s Uncle Ben:
“With great power, comes
great responsibility.”
Skills in demand
As companies with enterprise
governance, risk and compliance (eGRC) programs collect
increasing amounts of data,
there is a growing demand for
IT-GRC-focused data and metrics analysts.
What it takes
These roles focus on leveraging data to make better risk
management decisions. Key
skills include experience
working with eGRC tools, data
analysis, interpretation, dashboard creation and the ability
to present findings to internal
stakeholders. CS and MIS
degrees are often required.
Compensation
Base compensation ranges
from $80K at the entry level to
$130K at the senior level.
Source: Jeff Combs, L.J. Kushner &
Associates, www.ljkushner.com
Company news
»Barry Weber has joined
dinCloud, a Los Angelesbased cloud security firm, as
CTO. Prior to this role, Weber
was president and CTO of
Agoura Hills, Calif.-based T3
Dynamics, another company
that provides cloud security
services. He was also the vice
president of information
technology for Barnes &
Noble’s e-commerce division.
At dinCloud, Weber will lead
infrastructure engineering and
future technology development
for the company.
Barry Weber, CTO, dinCloud
»Ken Mackay has joined
Crocus Technology, a
Grenoble, France-based semiconductor company with U.S.
operations in Santa Clara, Calif.,
14 SC • April 2013 • www.scmagazine.com
as vice president of technology
development. Crocus is a developer of magnetically enhanced
semiconductor technology used
for mobile security solutions,
secure data storage, harsh
environment electronics and
embedded microcontrollers.
Prior to taking on the position,
Mackay was the director of
memory cell engineering at
Crocus.
»Bluebox Security, a
San Francisco-based mobile
security start-up, has formed
a research team to analyze
critical mobile security threats.
Named Bluebox Labs,
the new group consists of
Jeff Forristal, Bluebox
chief research scientist, and
researchers Andrew Blaich,
Patrick Schulz and Felix
Matenaar. CEO Caleb Sima
and COO Adam Ely founded
the start-up in 2012, and later
that year the company secured
$9.5 million in funding led by
Menlo Park, Calif.-based venture capital firm Andreessen
Horowitz.
»Anthony Freed has joined
Portland, Ore.-based IT security solutions firm Tripwire
as community engagement
coordinator. In the role, Freed
will facilitate communication
between security professionals
and the company, as well as lead
editorial content development
for Tripwire’s State of Security
blog. Previously, Freed was the
managing editor of online publication Infosec Island.
»Bedford, Mass.-based security firm RSA and Sunnyvale,
their technology partnership
to support growing demands
for advanced threat and mobile
security solutions. Their collaboration will support intelligence sharing between the
companies so both can enhance
their knowledge and services in
the market.
Anthony Freed, community
engagement coordinator, Tripwire
Calif.-headquartered networking equipment provider Juniper Networks will expand
»
Splunk, a San Francisobased provider of Big Data analytics software, and Santa Clara,
Calif.-based next-generation
firewall maker Palo Alto Networks, have joined forces to
enhance their Big Data offerings
for customers. As part of the
alliance, the companies worked
to create the Splunk App for
Palo Alto Networks 3.0, which
leverages Big Data technology
to analyze security risks, including advanced persistent threats.
Follow us on Facebook
and Twitter
www.scmagazine.com • April 2013 • SC 15
From the CSO’s desk
Letters
Got something to say?
You are an APT target
Send your comments, praise or criticisms
to scfeedbackUS@haymarketmedia.com.
We reserve the right to edit letters.
In regards to a blog post, The
White House thinks Julian
Assange and Jeremy Hammond are no different than
Chinese cyber spies, by
Executive Editor Dan Kaplan:
Phillip Ferraro
A
lmost every week we
read in the news about
another organization
that has been hacked. Cyber
espionage is at an all-time
high, and businesses across
the United States are being
targeted and breached. Many
of these attacks are nationstate sponsored or otherwise
known as advanced persistent threats (APT). However, organized crime and
other hacker groups are also
responsible for many of these
attacks. Their goal is simple:
Breach an organization and
steal its intellectual property,
trade secrets and other business sensitive information to
gain economic advantage.
In February, security firm
Mandiant released a 60-plus
page report detailing its
investigations over a six-year
period into an extensive
cyber espionage campaign
conducted by one of the
many APT threat organizations inside China. This one
particular group, which the
firm identified as APT1,
But, even in this example,
RSA was not the final target.
It too was merely a pivot
point used to breach a much
larger defense contractor.
CSOs and CISOs must
fully understand the
threat and the method
of operations of these
malicious actors. It is
extremely important that
they educate the executives of their organization
on these threats. When
presenting to the C-level
management or to board
members, the CSO/CISO
must keep in mind that
cyber security is not an IT
function. Rather it is a business function. The threat
must be explained in terms
of the impact that it can have
on the business. Not only
can the cost of containment
and mitigation of a breach be
extremely expensive, but the
loss of intellectual property,
trade secrets, sensitive business information, and years
of R&D work, not to mention
brand or reputational damage, can put an organization
out of business.
allegedly stole hundreds of
terabytes of data from at least
141 organizations across 20
industries worldwide since
2006. The point here is very
obvious. If your business
is connected to the internet, you are at risk. Every
CEO, C-level executive and
board member must know
and understand this risk.
Too many businesses are
of the opinion that only
government organizations
or defense contractors are at
risk of being targeted by an
APT. In fact, it is the modus
operandi of APT operators
to go after smaller vendors in
the belief that their security
posture is lower, making
them an easier target to
breach and then use as a
pivot point to reach a larger
organization. This was the
strategy used against security
organization RSA. One of its
smaller supply chain vendors
was breached. The attackers
then sent an email attachment with malware from
inside the breached organization to RSA, consequently
infecting the security firm.
30seconds on...
»From the top down
President Obama has gone
on record stating that threat
from cyber is “one of the most
serious economic and national
security challenges we face as
a nation.”
»Operation Shady RAT
APTs are not a new phenomenon, says Ferraro. In 2011, McAfee researchers gained access
to a single command-andcontrol server that showed 71
organizations were breached.
16 SC • April 2013 • www.scmagazine.com
»You’ve got mail
CSOs/CISOs must
be vigilant about educating
the threat of spear phishing. In
more than 90 percent of APT
attacks, this is the primary way
of breaching an organization.
»Educate employees
Constantly remind workers
that spear phishing emails take
the form of a topic of current
interest, but contain a link to
a legitimate website that has
been compromised.
From the online mail bag
We received quite a bit of
feedback in response to
an Opinion on our site, The
RSA Conference expo floor
offended me – and why I
blame the exhibitors, by Winn
Schwartau, founder, Security
Experts:
Photo by Mary Calvert/Zuma
CISO, DRS Integrated Defense
Systems and Services
Winn, you are now my official
hero. At our PR/communications firm, we’re constantly
pushing clients just a bit
harder to go beyond “leading edge” and other empty,
jargon-loaded phrasing, and
really drive down to why what
one does matters. To dispense with meaningless buzz
phrases and quickly convey
in a compelling way the “this
is what our client does...and
here are the tangible payoffs
for customers” with real
metrics, telling anecdotes,
etc. – that’s harder to pull
off. Which is why I suspect
you were bombarded with
marketing gibberish that
essentially says nothing, but
is much easier to produce
(regardless of whether the
client benefits). Anyway,
thanks for posting this terrific
column.
dmccaff
Well said. I couldn’t agree
more. As to “lead generation” being the goal, that is
a double-edge sword. As
someone who attends this
conference and others like it,
the weeks and months postconference usually result in
so much spam and cold calls
that I have taken to providing
wrong phone numbers and
unmonitored email addresses. That sort of marketing
isolates me. I guess I am old
school. Show me what you
have and “Don’t call me, I’ll
call you.” Which, I think, is a
point you are making.
The most egregious thing I
witnessed was being requiring to ‘friend the vendor on
Facebook for some trivial
piece of swag, etc. Talk about
bottom of the barrel tactics.
Personally, I do not think
I will approve staff to go to
these conferences much
longer. I can obtain the
necessary information from
security blogs, journals, Gartner and a Google Search.
RoninQuinn
Winn, rather than blaming
the exhibitors I think a look
in the mirror is the answer.
Not you, specifically, but if
the majority of the people at
the show respond to what is
being dished out, how can
you blame the exhibitors?
Maybe the serious security
pro like yourself is not as
desirable as you would
think. Ultimately the market
decides what is appropriate
or now. [ed. note: adds a link
to the AShimmy blog, www.
ashimmy.com]
Alan Shimel
Dan, you’re offbase on this
one. Classified material
is classified based on the
assessed harm that disclosure would do to U.S. interests. Disclosure of classified
material to the “public” is as
bad as disclosure to the Chinese government because it
is the same act. The Chinese
intelligence services can read
WikiLeaks the same as we
can. Doesn’t matter that you
had “nobler” intents, the end
result is the same and is a
real threat to our security.
Bill Murphy
Bill Murphy means well, but
he’s dangerously wrong. The
1947 National Security Act is
clear – covert action does not
entitle the government to violate the laws and the Constitution. As a result, if somebody
uses classification authority
to cover up illegal acts, then
they have abused that classification authority, and the
information is not properly
classified, and should not be
treated as such.
However, under our current classification system,
Original Classification
Authorities (OCA) can use
classification to cover up
illegal and/or embarrassing acts, and make up some
other reason for classifying
the data. Then if somebody
exposes those improperly
classified illegal and unconstitutional acts, then people
like Bill foolishly miss the real
culprit, the OCA, which misclassified the illegal behavior,
and blame the person who’s
doing the right thing, by calling out the illegal behavior of
the U.S. government.
This turns our military
and intelligence services
into a Praetorian Guard for
the executive, rather than
servants of the Constitution
and American people. And
that’s plain wrong. We need
a system where, if somebody
reveals improperly classified
illegal behavior, then the OCA
should be required to prove
the information was properly
classified. If the OCA can’t
prove it, then they’re the ones
who should go to jail, and the
whistleblower should keep
their job and their clearance.
KeithVa
In response to a news story,
PCI e-commerce guidance
issued for merchants:
As a qualified security assessor (QSA) company, the issue
we see is that too few merchants have the necessary
terms in place to be able to
provide us an audit capability of their outsourced credit
card data environment (not
just payment processing,
but billing and marketing,
etc.) and are often bamboozled by outsourcers’ claims of
“PCI compliance,” which when
audited reveals that the compliance efforts are limited to a
very few areas only and don’t
actually provide PCI compliance for the mercahnt at all.
Jonathan Bays
The opinions expressed in
these letters are not necessarily those of SC Magazine.
www.scmagazine.com • April 2013 • SC 17
POwErFUL InSIgHTS, PrACTICAL IDEAS, rEAL SOLUTIOnS
Opinion
COMPLIANCE WEEK
M AY 2 0 - 2 2 2 0 1 3
Decoding the cloud
U
nfortunately, data security and regulatory compliance
requirements do not evaporate in the public cloud. The
challenge of controlling access to sensitive information
remains the same. In response, three approaches have emerged:
enterprise encryption services, cloud service provider encryption services, and encryption gateways. Choosing the right one
depends on the type of cloud delivery model involved – softwareas-a-service (SaaS) or infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) – and the
mandates that govern the data being placed in the cloud.
Enterprise encryption services for cloud service providers
(CSP) encrypt sensitive data in IaaS environments, typically
via a software agent sitting in the cloud – while encryption key
management remains on premise. This approach can encrypt
the entire mounted storage volume, or encrypt and control
access to specific files in the CSP. The more granular file-level
approach provides separation of duties within the enterprise,
while both volume- and file-level approaches protect against
bad actors attempting to compromise data in the public cloud.
Ashvin Kamaraju, VP of product
development and partner
management, Vormetric
CSP encryption services are similar to enterprise encryption services, except that the CSP holds the encryption keys.
While this might seem convenient, it does pose security issues
since there is no separation of duties for anyone accessing the
data. Furthermore, an enterprise will not know if the CSP has
handed the keys and data to a third party.
Encryption gateways encrypt data flowing from the enterprise into SaaS offerings, like Salesforce.com and Gmail. This
approach can provide security for data in SaaS environments,
while allowing the enterprise to maintain control of the data.
Encryption gateways lend themselves to SaaS offerings where
the SaaS provider does not provide encryption or the enterprise
wants to maintain control of the data. Meanwhile, enterprise
and CSP services are best suited for encrypting and controlling
access to sensitive data in IaaS environments. There are variations of the above approaches, but understanding their core
differences will enable organizations to choose the one best
suited to their business and technology requirements.
Edward Breen,
Chairman and
former CEO,
Tyco International
Only time will
tell whether its
approach...will
work...”
18 SC • April 2013 • www.scmagazine.com
security. MDM is a key tool for assisting with
protecting organizations; however, MDM
alone will not be sufficient. Secure enterprise
mobility requires organizations to consider a
wide range of IT and business silos to ensure
the correct strategy is executed – from
understanding the current state of “mobility
maturity” to all the interdependencies spanning users, devices, networks, applications,
operations and adaptive security.
BlackBerry has re-entered a very crowded
market of MDM vendors – with further
consolidation likely this year and beyond.
Only time will tell whether its approach and
strategy to mixed environments will work for
today’s enterprises in what many people argue
is a market it created in 1999. For those environments with a BlackBerry fleet and other
devices being added, the approach seems to
be sound and will provide administrators with
a single console versus multiple platforms for
device management.
Kara Novaco Brockmeyer,
Chief of the FCPA Unit,
Division of Enforcement,
Securities and Exchange
Commission
Inder Gulati,
Head of Internal
Audit,
LinkedIn
Letha Hammon,
Corporate Ethics &
Compliance Officer,
DuPont
The Compliance Week 2013 agenda will
address the topics on your mind, including:
»
Edward Breen Keynote: Building Strong Ethical Cultures
»
Doing It Online: Audit, Risk & Compliance at Internet Businesses
»
FCPA Guidance, Right From the Source
»
Ethics Training: The Three Groups Hardest to Reach
»
Whistleblower Directors Speak
»
Case Study: Putting Policies Into Practice at Dell
»
Case Study: Third-Party Management at Tyco
»
Case Study: Automating Controls for Better Financial Visibility
»
Beyond Training: Articulating & Embedding Company Values
»
From DPA to Freedom
»
Crafting Effective Privacy Policies
»
Control Systems That Fit Company Culture
»
Compliance Monitors 101
»
Compliance and HR Working Together (No, Seriously)
»
Due Diligence at the Global Enterprise
»
COSO Framework for Internal Controls, Version 2.0
»
SEC Financial Reporting Update
»
Getting Better Visibility Into Third Parties
»
Building Compliance as an Asset, Not an Obstacle
2013
Susan Roberts,
EVP and Chief
Compliance Officer,
Bausch + Lomb
Gretchen Herault,
VP, Compliance and Fraud
Prevention and Deputy
Chief Privacy Officer,
Monster.com
other speakers will include regulators and
compliance officers from leading companies
including:
Aflac Worldwide
Altria Client
Services
Baker Hughes
Bausch + Lomb
Consolidated
Edison
Dell
DTEK Corp.
Dupont
Elan
EMC Corp.
FannieMae
Firstrand Group
Fluor Corp.
FMC Corp.
Freeport
McMoran
Copper & Gold
»
The Devaney
Group
FTC
General
Dynamics
Georgetown
Univ.
GTSI
Intertek
Kforce
LinkedIn
Lockheed Martin
Meggitt Group
Monster.com
nASA
office Depot
openTable
pCAoB
pepsiCo
petco
pfizer
phyServe
physician
Services
polycom
pCAoB
SEC
Sotheby’s
TD Bank
Tyco International
United
Technologies
Zynga
U.S. Department
of Justice
United States
Steel Corp.
Zmen Systems
Be sure to join us for our signature ‘Conversation
Sessions’ which offer off-the-record, small-room
discussions with government regulators as well as
industry-focused sessions on retail, finance, and
healthcare, and globally focused conversations on Latin
America, russia, Africa & Middle East, and China.
SC Mag Readers, earn up to 19 CPE credits and save 20% off of full conference rates.
Book at conference.complianceweek.com and use discount code SCMag.
SponSorS
Darryl Wilson
director of enterprise mobility,
Dimension Data Americas
n Jan. 30, RIM, now officially BlackBerry, released its much-anticipated new
BlackBerry 10 operating system and
associated devices. Along with BlackBerry
Enterprise Service 10, the company now offers
a “single pane of glass” to manage devices
running BlackBerry, Android and iOS. So
what does this mean for enterprises and their
BYOD and MDM strategies?
Thanks to BYOD, gone are the days of one
single mobile device manufacturer or model
to support. And, as employees juggle multiple
devices, enterprises of all sizes are struggling
to securely support and manage mixed OS
environments. When organizations look to tackle mobility,
security and policy enforcement is often the
first area of focus. Knowing which devices are
securely connecting to the networks through
access control mechanisms, and securing
the actual end devices themselves are two
of the key building blocks to ensure mobile
WA S H I N G T O N D C
FEATURED SPEAKERS INCLUDE
BlackBerry back in the game
O
M AY F L O W E R H O T E L
URGENT
Health providers have
pressing reasons to now
embrace security, says
INTEGRIS Health’sJohn
Delano. Karen Epper
Hoffman reports.
T
here’s a real dichotomy at work when it
comes to managing IT assets in health
care. So says John Delano, the vice president and chief information officer at INTEGRIS Health, Oklahoma’s largest health system
– with nine hospitals and several doctors’
clinics and home health agencies throughout
the state. Delano sees directives flying in two
different directions: on the one hand to make
information systems more accessible and on
the other, to make them more secure.
“Over the next couple of years, there will be
a shift in priorities [where health care organizations] will be more focused on patient safety,”
predicts McLaughlin. And, this will apply
not only to making certain the proper drug is
being dispensed, but that patient records are
kept safe and properly maintained. He says this
will come as the result of increased enforcement, as well as increased patient demand.
In many ways, INTEGRIS is ahead of the cor-
20 SC • April 2013 • www.scmagazine.com
porate health care curve to
manage IT assets, as it has policies and
procedures in place in case of an incident.
The system is set up to routinely assess risk
and use encryption products. However, for many
health care bodies, the conflicting demands of
digitizing patient records and supporting mobile
and cloud technologies – while complying with
intensifying regulations that require more regular
risk assessment – broadens the scope of the
circles they need to keep secure. Plus, all this
must be attended to while staying focused on the
primary objective: caring for patients.
“Health care organizations have so many
challenges,” says John Kindervag, principal
analyst for Forrester Research, “including some
significant cultural challenges.” As Kindervag
sees it, many health care organizations have
done the bare minimum, or less, for the past
decade in complying with the Health Insurance
Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and
the subsequent Health Information Technology
for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH),
even as the U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services (HHS) steps up enforcement
of violators with fines of up to $1.5 million per
offense (see sidebar on pg. 25).
“The thinking has been, ‘We’re not going
to do anything till someone gets fined,’” says
Kindervag. “Health care, overall, has been a
laggard in [IT] security.”
Now faced with what Kindervag calls a “triple
whammy of compliance,” brought on by the
Photo by Lynn Timmons/Newsport
CARE
John Delano, VP and CIO, INTEGRIS Health
www.scmagazine.com • April 2013 • SC 21
Health care
HIPAA Omnibus Final Rule, which takes
effect on Sept. 23, industry observers
say that hospitals and other health care
organizations must find some way to better
balance the use of new technologies with
protecting their information. This includes
so-called business associates, those contractors and subcontractors, such as billing
companies that perform services on behalf
of a health care provider.
“They have to think of themselves as
part of a more global environment than
just health care,” Kindervag says. Others
also see the hurdles.
“If you have a CISO at all, you’re
pretty far ahead of the curve in health
care,” says Deven McGraw, director of
the Health Privacy Project for the Center
for Democracy and Technology (CDT),
a Washington D.C.-based advocacy organization. She points out that the level
of security sophistication of health care
organizations can range widely, especially since they can vary in size from a solo
practitioner to a large multistate system.
Darren Lacey, chief information
security officer for The Johns Hopkins
University and The Johns Hopkins
John Delano, VP and CIO at INTEGRIS Health, says the growth of mobile adds to the security challenge for
health care facilities needing to keep patient data under lock and key.
Health System, says that because his is an
academic medical center, the structure is
different. “We benefit from more sophisticated security professionals and have
much larger and more diverse networks.”
Still, he says, the biggest risk is the
sheer diversity of its networks. “It’s
difficult to unpack all the different processes,” Lacey says. However, he says the
baseline: Improving the outlook
What can health care organizations do to
lessen their risk of security issues? Our
industry experts weigh in:
Use encryption
HIPAA security rules recommend the use of
cryptography, but do not outright mandate
it. Still, vendors and industry on-lookers say
that more health care organizations should
embrace encryption, especially as more of
their information is going mobile and moving to the cloud. John Delano, VP and CIO at
INTEGRIS Health, says his health care system uses encryption products
for its laptops.
“The encryption of
data provides you safe
harbor,” adds Rick Kam,
president of ID Experts.
22 SC • April 2013 • www.scmagazine.com
“Organizations who are not doing this are
just asking for trouble.”
Conduct regular risk assessments
The Health Care Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS) conducts
a wide-ranging survey of health security
officials each year. According to its 2011
survey, at least one-quarter of organizations
are not doing the regular risk assessments.
Cynthia Larose, an attorney with Mintz Levin,
says that health care organizations should
be doing a risk assessment at least once a
year. “This should be a living
exercise,” she says. “You
add systems, you change
systems and vendors, there
are new risks every day.
This shouldn’t be done once.
health care industry is making strides in
pulling together its clinical and billing
applications, consolidating systems and
applications in a way that will make
them more accessible to physicians and
care providers. “We’re reducing a lot of
complexity and incompatibility…which
is most encouraging,” he says.
Embracing new technologies, as well as
It should be a regular part of your internal
review, like a financial audit.”
Daniel Berger, CEO of RedSpin, an IT
security assessment company, agrees. “It all
starts with a security analysis,” he says. “You
have to do that baseline. But also remember
that you need to process the results. They
have a shelf life and an expiration date.”
Seek more input from the C-suite
Hospital boards and top executives do not
often concern themselves with the workings of securing their information assets,
but maybe it’s time they did, according to
industry observers.
“Board trustees and chief executives need
to be inquiring and informed about security
readiness and roles,” says Larose, adding
that given the expanding role of security and
the increase of data breaches, this needs to
be a boardroom issue.
streamlining legacy systems, is becoming increasingly important to health care
organizations, according to a late 2011
survey of 1,000 U.S. adults by PwC’s
Health Research Institute. Twenty-eight
percent of those polled said they would
select a health care provider that offered
online doctor consultations over ones that
did not, and 17 percent said that whether
the facility offered an electronic health
record would affect their decision. Further, health care organizations may need
to consider the impact of Facebook and
Twitter on their information, as almost
one-third of all respondents, including
half of those under 35, say they have used
social media for health care reasons.
One of the most challenging aspects of
the HITECH Act has been that patients
now have the right to obtain a copy of
their data in the format of their choice, or
even ask a provider to transmit the data to
a third party that they identify, says Barbara Bennett, partner in the privacy and
information management group at Hogan
Lovells, an international law firm.
“There’s a lot of deference to the
patient’s choice,” Bennett says. “This
raises the issue of security: If a patient
wants you to email their medical record
to a friend or their aunt or Facebook,
how do you do that securely?”
Daniel Berger, CEO of RedSpin, an IT
security assessment company, says that in
the face of increasing technological and
regulatory demands, the health care sector
has gone from being 10 percent of his business three years ago to representing more
than 70 percent of his client base now.
“The HITECH Act drove a great need for
security,” he says. “It breathed new life into
the [HIPAA]security assessment rule.”
Under the HITECH Act, health care
organizations are incented to implement
electronic health records (EHRs) – a
change that will make patient information
more easily portable and accessible. But,
as Berger points out, this step also makes
this sensitive data much more concentrated and potentially susceptible to hackers.
Larry Warnock, CEO of Gazzang, a
cloud and Big Data security vendor for
health care, says hospitals have been
“nervous” about leveraging technologies like cloud computing. But as the
pressure mounts for health care organizations to make their information
both more portable and more secure,
Warnock says more of them will come
around to embracing these technologies.
“Very few health care companies use
their IT department as a differentiator,”
says Warnock. “That will change.”
Our most difficult challenge
In fact, health care IT has already
undergone significant change. Perhaps
the most rapid and challenging, as well
as beneficial, has been the explosion of
mobile device use.
“A year ago, health care companies
were talking about the potential use of
mobile,” says Berger, commenting on the
speed with which it’s taken hold, “and
now smartphones are everywhere.”
But, Delano of INTEGRIS Health
warns that the move to mobility is an
anxiety producer for those charged with
keeping data secure. “Security is hard
enough as it is. Now having to extend
the reach of that data becomes this
whole new challenge.” Before the advent
Data Rx:
Bad for your health
of mobile and cloud, health care companies focused on building up a perimeter
defense around the centralized information assets, he says. With mobile devices,
the data is moving and the same security
approaches don’t hold water.
Providing security for a mobile
network can be particularly challenging
when hospital staff – or physicians who
have access to the facility, but are not
hospital employees – bring in their own
devices. Delano says INTEGRIS still
tries to “centralize as much as we can,”
but he admits its hospitals have struggled
with care providers toting their own
devices to access the network.
As a result, INTEGRIS established
both a guest network for patients to
access the internet and a separate affiliates’ network for doctors to reach patient
and hospital system data. Delano says his
team is continually assessing the risk, as
more and more care providers make use
of tablets, laptops and smartphones.
Nonetheless, given the rising tide of
mobile, 81 percent of health care organizations are permitting doctors to use
their own devices, according to Kam’s
research. Unfortunately, he also found
that more than half of these organiza-
The federal government has put health
care organizations, both large and small,
on notice that they will face stiff settlement penalties if they fail to get their information security practices in order. Here’s a
sampling of fines that recently have come
down the pike:
June 2012
Alaska Department of Health and
Social Services
Settlement: $1.7 million
What happened? The hefty settlement
price tag was not based on the number of
victims – at least 500 – but by the state
agency’s alleged shoddy information security practices it had in place.
March 2012
BlueCross BlueShield of Tennessee
Settlement: $1.5 million
What happened? The agreement concerns
a 2009 breach that affected more than
one million members. In fall 2009, 576 unencrypted hard drives were stolen from a
data storage closet in Chattanooga, Tenn.,
during a move to a new facility.
Jan. 2013
The Hospice of North Idaho (HONI)
Settlement: $50,000
What happened? The settlement stems
from a June 2010 incident when an unencrypted laptop containing the electronic
protected health information (ePHI) of
441 patients was stolen from an employee’s vehicle.
www.scmagazine.com • April 2013 • SC 23
Health care
tions (51 percent) are doing nothing to
secure these devices. Kam believes this
will change as HHS’ Office for Civil
Rights continues to invoke penalties for
companies that willfully neglect information security.
The prospect of compromised electronic health records is troubling enough,
but the ability to hack medical equipment
makes the risk even greater, says Peter
McLaughlin, senior counsel for Foley &
Lardner LLP and the former CPO for
Cardinal Health. McLaughlin says one
of the hot topics of discussion was the
potential insecurity of medical devices,
like insulin pumps or pacemakers, which
could be hacked remotely.
And breaches are happening: 94
percent of health care companies
reported a breach within the past two
years, and 45 percent say that they have
suffered five or more breaches in the
same period, according to research from
the Ponemon Institute and ID Experts.
“Health care companies are becoming
more aware of what a breach is, and
there are a whole host of new threats
coming into play with mobile computing,” says Rick Kam, president of ID
Experts, a breach solutions company.
“You don’t need a truck anymore to
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For health care providers already struggling
to keep their systems secure, things are
about to get somewhat more complicated.
The HIPAA Omnibus Final Rule, published
by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Office for Civil Rights
(OCR) in late January, represents sweeping
regulation that will modify and, in most
cases, beef up past HIPAA rules regarding
privacy, security and enforcement, breach
notification and business associates (or
vendors) of health care organizations. The
final rule takes effect on Sept. 23.
In particular, the expanded definition
of business associate – one that creates,
walk away with a doctor’s office full of
records, just a thumb drive.”
Striking a balance
One of the biggest difficulties, say health
care industry observers, is that at the end
of the day, the primary focus of health
care organizations is on the patients.
Therefore, technology budgets historically skew greatly toward the kind of
diagnostic equipment and medical tools
that are used to treat patients, rather than
the tools to secure their IT resources.
“Hospitals, in part, and health care, in
general, are starting from an immature
base in terms of IT technology,” Kam
says. “Most investments are going to
the super-duper diagnostic or treatment
equipment. The main goal of the hospital
is to help patients. Core IT is the laggard
in this market.”
As a result, the health care industry has
traditionally had trouble attracting IT
security talent, which is in high demand
across most industries nowadays.
“This is not an industry that has a great
track record on security issues,” says
CDT’s McGraw. “Their primary issue is
patient care, and for so many health care
providers, security is only secondary or
tertiary to patient care.”
receives, maintains or transmits personal
health care information on behalf of a
covered entity – means the many vendors,
and even subcontractors, to the health
care industry will have the same liability as
their health care industry customers, and
will need to comply with HIPAA rules.
“This covers everything from document
destruction to technology services to auditing,” says Barbara Bennett, a partner in the
privacy and information management group
at Hogan Lovells, an international law firm.
“If you’re providing a service with access to
medical records, you’re a business associate.”
Not only does this make these firms subject to enforcement under by the HHS, but
they are more likely to be held liable in private
lawsuits involving information.
And, even for large health systems,
that IT budget is typically tiny relative to
other industries, she adds.
In a recent survey from the Health
Care Information and Management
Systems Society, nearly six out of 10
respondents said the portion of IT budget
earmarked for information security had
increased the year before. However, at an
average of just three percent of their IT
allocation as a whole, the amount health
care organizations spend on IT security
is still well below the five to 10 percent
spent in other industries.
“It’s still business as usual,” says Kam.
“They’re not really taking into account
the new threats.” Further, according to
recent Ponemon-ID Experts research,
three out of five health care organizations
don’t have a budget appropriate to protect
their personal health information.
“It’s a problem,” Kam says, “and there
are so many pressures to improve health
care and reduce costs, and they’re not
keeping up on the security side.”
And those security and privacy
demands are just going to get more
stringent. According to the PwC survey,
three out of 10 patients would choose a
hospital with clear privacy and security
policies over one without if cost, quality
and access were the same.
But, as Delano sees it, the cost to
provide and manage better security will
increase, while typical health care reimbursements to hospitals decline. Therefore, health care IT security executives
have their work cut out for them.
“Security is a cat and mouse game,” he
adds. “I told the CEO a couple of years
ago that my fear is to be sitting in front
of the board, and explain why instead of
spending a million dollars on a new CT
scanner that can generate revenue, we
should spend a million on securing a new
wireless network.”
“We’re working through it,” Delano
plainly admits. “It’s a little bit difficult to
achieve.” n
A longer version of this article is available
on our website, SCMagazine.com
www.scmagazine.com • April 2013 • SC 25
Legal proceedings
Logan, arguing that the settlement
process is encouraged by the courts in
Canada. But, he adds, Voltage and its
legal team are prepared to go straight
to trial.
So, will we see the Canadian courts
congested with lawsuits against thousands of Canadians? It’s unlikely, says
David Fewer, executive director of the
Canadian Internet Policy and Public
Interest Clinic (CIPPIC), which has
stepped in to help TekSavvy fight the
case. “I would predict that none of these
cases will turn into court cases because
it costs Voltage money,” he argues.
Fewer says that whatever Voltage asks for will be far more than it
has lost. The law caps the individual
liability for copyright infringement at
$5,000, with a minimum of $100. He
doesn’t believe that people should have
to pay any more than about $50 – and
that the litigators should perhaps throw
in a free DVD as well.
copy
that
A groundbreaking
copyright infringement
case could change
the legal role of
Canadian ISPs.
Danny Bradbury
reports.
D
epending on the outcome of a
groundbreaking case, Canadian
courts could soon be clogged with
lawsuits brought against alleged illegal
file sharers. U.S. movie producer Voltage
Pictures has the IP addresses of up to
a million Canadians who it says have
been illegally distributing its content
using the BitTorrent file-sharing service.
Now, it wants to know who uses those
IP addresses, and it is going to court to
find out.
In November, the company served a
legal notice – known as a Norwich order
– against the unknown individuals. This
notified John-and-Jane-Does-en masse
that they are suspected of illegal activity, and their details are being sought.
C1 SC • April 2013 • www.scmagazine.com
Three weeks later, Voltage followed
this up with another legal notice asking
TekSavvy, an internet service provider
(ISP), for the contact details of individuals using its IP addresses to share its
content.
Voltage, which is perhaps most
famous for its Oscar-winning movie
The Hurt Locker, may be the driver in
the case, but the engine is in Montréal.
Anti-piracy consulting firm Canipre is
the company that scanned networks
looking for infringing IP addresses.
According to Barry Logan, Canipre’s
managing director, the Voltage case is
just the beachhead in a far bigger battle.
He has 25 film studios lined up behind
Voltage ready to follow suit.
Logan has a long history of enforcing IP rights. He worked with DirecTV
in the early 2000s, when he says he
successfully sued 37,000 end-users for
allegedly infringing copyright by stealing content.
The difference between a lawsuit and
a settlement is key to this case. Voltage
has a history in the United States of
engaging in what some call “speculative
invoicing”. After identifying individuals who purportedly have been illegally
sharing its content, it will send them letters explaining that they could be liable
for significant damages. It will offer
them the chance to settle.
“We will be making contact with
each of the potential defendants,” says
Blocked by the court
This isn’t the first time that copyright
owners have tried to gain access to
Canadian internet users’ details. In
2005, the courts issued a decision in
a case brought by BMG Canada and
other copyright holders against Shaw,
Rogers, Bell Canada, Telus and Videotron, all of which provide internet
services to Canadian citizens. The
copyright holders wanted information
on alleged file sharers, but the Federal
Court of Appeal considered it a privacy
issue under the Personal Information
Protection and Electronic Documents
Act (PIPEDA). The court ruled that
ISPs are not entitled to voluntarily
disclose personal information without
the customer’s consent or pursuant to a
court order. The court asked for more
evidence, calling the evidence submitted hearsay, and the plaintiffs didn’t
come back with any more.
Voltage Pictures has also been to
Canadian court in the past. In 2011, it
asked for customers’ private information
from ISPs, including Videotron. The
... none of these cases will turn
into court cases...”
– David Fewer, executive director, CIPPIC
ISPs did not oppose the order, which
was granted by the courts. However,
mysteriously, Voltage failed to identify
potential defendants, and its counsel
discontinued the case.
Why is all this coming up again now?
“Some suspect that they pulled the
plug [in 2011] because they wanted to
avoid confusion about which legal rules
applied,” says Fewer. “Perhaps they
want to do it clearly under the new law.”
That new law is Bill C-11, otherwise
known as the Copyright Modernisation
Act (CMA). The Canadian government
passed it in November, just as Voltage
filed its Norwich order. The CMA is
important because it clearly states for the
first time what ISPs are liable for when
their customers allegedly act illegally.
It says that ISPs do not infringe copyright simply by providing the means for
telecommunication and reproduction.
This is something that has always been
enshrined in common law, says Rob
McDonald, a partner at the Edmonton
office of Dentons Canada LLP. But by
explicitly stating these principles in
legislation, Parliament has taken a significant step, says McDonald, who is also
a lecturer in intellectual property law at
the University of Alberta.
Bill C-11 also forces ISPs to do something that many of them already do. If a
copyright holder complains that an ISP’s
customer is breaching its copyright, the
ISP will have to tell that customer about
the complaint. And ISPs will also be
required to maintain records relating
to the identity of the copyright infringers, which can be used by the copyright
holder in any litigation. The ISP will be
entitled to charge a fee for maintaining
those records. This part of the legislation
has not yet been enacted because the
regulation governing it has not yet been
written.
Bill C-11 does nothing to force ISPs to
divulge their users’ identities, but it does
at least codify existing common law,
creating a clear legal framework from
which to launch fresh legal action. And
if it wins this one, Voltage could change
the legal landscape for file sharers across
Canada.
CIPPIC’s intervention makes the
TekSavvy case far more important than
Voltage’s unopposed 2011 court request.
Persuading the court to make an ISP
hand over a list of customer details in an
opposed case could set a precedent.
“It sets the standard for the role that
an internet service provider plays,” says
Michael Geist, a law professor at the
University of Ottawa, where he holds
the Canada research chair in internet
and e-commerce law.
ISPs may not be liable for the actions
of their users, but this case will help
to decide how they are required to act
when copyright holders decide that
internet users have violated their intellectual property, Geist says.
It is not surprising, then, that other
litigants are already lining up to try the
same thing as Voltage. Another case,
involving movie company NGN Prima
Productions, is waiting in the wings. In
that case, which also involves the privacy
consulting company, NGN is asking
another ISP, Distributel, for customer
records. The NGN case, however, won’t
come to court until the TekSavvy suit is
resolved, and litigants gain some clarity
on the issue.
With the date set for the hearing of
Voltage’s motion on June 25, it won’t be
long, though, before the legal ball starts
rolling. n
www.scmagazine.com • April 2013 • SC C2
Mobile defenses
beyond
byod
The ever-increasing use of personal devices has tested enterprise defenses,
so plans must be created to meet the challenge, reports James Hale.
O
ne doesn’t have to go far to see
the reality of the bring-your-owndevice (BYOD) trend. Just step
into any corporate elevator and look
around: All eyes are down, thumbs and
fingers working, from the young clerk
with the nose stud to the senior sales
executive with the $600 wingtips. You
know the company can’t possibly issue
every employee a smartphone or tablet,
but everyone seems to have one, and
they’re all using them on the job.
“I’d say it’s almost a fad for companies
to allow employees to use their own
mobile devices right now,” says Faud
Khan, founder and principal security analyst at Ottawa, Canada-based TwelveDot
Security. He points to a recent survey by
Kaspersky Lab that found that more than
half of IT security professionals are more
concerned about mobile device security
than they were a year ago. What he and
others who focus on BYOD ask is: Which
solutions will meet the rapidly changing
challenges? With an estimated 51 percent
26 SC • April 2013 • www.scmagazine.com
of organizations experiencing information loss through insecure mobile devices
(including laptops, smartphones and
tablets), it’s an apt question.
“The analogy I like to use is that we’re
at the same place we were 15 years ago
with internet access,” says Dave Amsler,
president and chief information officer
at Foreground Security, based in Lake
Mary, Fla. “Suddenly, companies were
amazed at how productive everyone
became when you gave them network
access. Security was an afterthought,
and if you asked them about it, they’d
say, ‘Oh, we have anti-virus software
installed.’ Today, we’d laugh at that, but
that’s where we are with mobile security.”
Big changes in the application of
security measures have swept through
government and all business sectors. In
the past, only a few companies would
allow employees to add their own
BlackBerries to the enterprise network,
and this would occur only after administrators could wipe their data first, says
Steven Santamorena, the chief information security officer at Reader’s Digest.
“Not many people took that up,” he
says. “Then, when the iPhone and the
iPad came along, we saw more and more
people bringing their own devices, and
we addressed security with a pretty
straightforward password approach.
Now, you’ve got people wanting to add
different flavors of Android devices,
and we don’t have the manpower to
address that.”
Santamorena says clarity is the answer.
He advises companies to establish a
mobile device policy and enforce the
agreement to wipe all corporate data if
an employee loses the device or leaves
the company. But, as he looks at the
growing number of personal applications and public cloud storage solutions,
like a lot of his peers, he realizes that the
challenges aren’t about to decrease.
“We’re struggling to understand a lot
of what’s coming down the road,” says
John Johnson, global security program
manager for Moline, Ill.-based John
Deere, a global leader in the manufacturing of agricultural machinery. With more
than 60,000 employees in about 200
locations worldwide, he sees devices from
various manufacturers entering the workplace and new challenges like Windows
Phone constantly coming onstream.
“A mobile data management (MDM)
plan is critical,” Johnson says. “From my
perspective, the reporting and management functions are as important as
the security itself. We have to have the
confidence that mobile devices can be
managed as effectively as desktops.”
But, no one strategy will cover all
circumstances, he says. “Things are
changing so rapidly that it’s difficult to
choose one MDM solution. Companies
have found themselves going back to
their vendors after a year or two, looking for new answers.”
As well, while Johnson is encouraged
by some online storage provisions, he says
that space still has a way to go. “We need
secure solutions and encryption. We want
to know where our data is.”
But the threat posed by public storage
takes a backseat to employee-installed
applications, says Foreground Security’s
Amsler. “That’s the number one threat
vector I see. The amount of malicious
code has grown exponentially. It’s more
sophisticated, and, increasingly, it’s appbased now.”
Khan of TwelveDot Security, who has
provided security analysis in 36 countries,
agrees, and says organizations’ security
oversight must extend to app development. “Every new OS poses a security
risk because of what comes with it.”
He advises clients to study the beta
versions of new apps that employees
might use on mobile devices, analyze
the application programming interface
and reflect findings in MDM plans
and mobile application management
(MDA) solutions.
Privacy agreements – and laws – are yet
another concern. The further organizations reach into employees’ devices, the
greater the risk of collecting personal data
A mobile data management
(MDM) plan is critical...”
—John Johnson, John Deere
and violating the individual freedoms of
device owners and their family members.
“Personally, I’d have qualms about
giving an employer full access to my
device,” says Johnson. “Employees are
justifiably skeptical, unless there’s a
‘sandbox’ around the corporate data on
their phones or tablets.”
He says this type of data partitioning,
like BlackBerry now offers on its phones,
will increase the possibility for employees
to have what he calls “multiple-personality” devices. “We’ll continue to face limitations until we can do that well,” Johnson
BYOD Evolution:
Pro tips
IT security professionals agree on some basic
precepts in facing the future of BYOD:
Develop a strong policy on personal device use that addresses both corporate and user rights.
Conduct a user-education campaign on the risks associated with exposing the organization’s network through certain types of internet use.
Identify the right solution for the organization’s current and future needs.
Introduce simple-yet-comprehensive MDM plans and MDAs, and be vigilant.
•
•
•
•
says. “As things change, it’s a reality with
which we continue to struggle. We have
to be flexible about personal devices.
That’s an important part of hiring and
employee retention in today’s society.”
That’s no less a reality for organizations with a fraction of John Deere’s
resources.
“Most of those small- and mediumsized enterprises (SMEs) are flying blind,”
says Andrew Jaquith, chief technology
officer and senior vice president of SilverSky, a Milford, Conn.-based cloud security solutions provider. “The big thing
they’re wrestling with is they don’t have
a security department with a lot of tools.
They know the problems in a general
sense, but they lack depth of expertise.”
What’s more, he says, the benefits of
having fewer employees to worry about
are overbalanced by new generations
of devices, new apps and cloud storage, which are all multiplying the risks.
For SMEs to effectively deal with the
ever-changing face of BYOD, Jaquith
recommends keeping it simple.
“They have to stress the basics, like
having a strong mobile policy in place
and ensuring that employees buy into it,”
he says. “Encrypt email and calendars,
something that’s pretty easy to accomplish
on BlackBerry and iOS. With a smaller
company, it’s also easier to control what
types of devices are on the network.”
Past those basics, Jaquith suggests
SMEs take a hard look at how to manage sensitive data, use mobile tools like
content lockers, and pay close attention
to how MDM plans are developed.
“We’re in a foundation stage with a
lot of stuff around BYOD,” he says. “As
an organization, regardless of size, what
you do now will make a big difference in
the future.” n
www.scmagazine.com • April 2013 • SC 27
Advanced attacks
Suspect
everything
Are there ways to
catch sophisticated
malware that hides in
trusted processes and
services? Deb Radcliff
finds out.
D
espite their investments in endpoint security systems, organizations are waking up to the ugly
truth that they are nearly blind when it
comes to advanced attacks and malware
lurking in their networks.
“The million-dollar question is: ‘How
do you know if you have an advanced
threat in your network’?” asks Doug
Powell, chair of the critical infrastructure working group for ASIS, an international alliance of security professionals
with 38,000 members, and manager of
security, privacy and safety at Vancouver, British Columbia-based BC Hydro,
which operates 31 hydroelectric facilities
and three thermal generating plants.
In a February report by NSS Labs, 69
percent of the leading intrusion prevention system (IPS) and network gateway
firewalls failed to detect the top three
exploits thrown at them – in most cases,
multiple devices failed to protect against
a single exploit. Another survey, released
in February by SafeNet, reveals that 95
percent of 230 security professionals
continue making the same investments,
28 SC • April 2013 • www.scmagazine.com
even though 35 percent of them believed
that their investments are being made in
the wrong technologies.
“All your garden variety of controls
and sensors are not going to catch
today’s advanced, evasive threats,” says
Steve Hanna, distinguished engineer
with Juniper Networks, a Sunnyvale,
Calif.-based manufacturer of networking
equipment, and co-chair of the Trusted
Computing Group’s Trusted Network
Connect Group. “Look at Stuxnet,
Flame or Aurora,” he says. “Even security products are vulnerable to advanced
toolkits like these.”
What it comes down to, says Powell,
is connecting the right architectures and
processes to capture incidents with more
sophisticated, real-time data analysis.
“You can’t just rely on your IPS and
your security information and event
management (SIEM) solutions to catch
advanced attacks occurring somewhere
in your network,” says Powell. “You need
to know the value of your assets, the
motivation of the attacker and, as importantly, you need to know how to interpret
data for signs of trouble, while filtering
out data that is just background noise.”
All in the details
With advanced attacks, the differences
between good and bad activity are so
minute that the small details needed to
connect the dots and determine malicious behavior cannot be captured by
most of the security software running
on networks and endpoints today, says
Darren Hayes, computer information
systems program chair and assistant
professor at Pace University’s Seidenberg
School of Computer Science and Information Systems in New York.
“The differences that an investigator
must pick up on are so slight,” he says.
“There was a case in which a company
had been owned for five years without its
knowledge. Once alerted by the FBI to
the breach, forensic investigators found
the evidence hiding in Dynamic Link
Library, or DLL, files associated with the
company’s Windows machines.”
The dropped-in DLL files looked
legit, so detection tools couldn’t catch
them, he adds. However, the tipoff was
that this data was all in the wrong version of what the Windows system should
be using. That version discrepancy was
the smoking gun needed to track and
remediate the impacted devices and
applications.
However, if it weren’t for an outside
agency alerting that company to the
problem, its network could have been
owned indefinitely. Indeed, according to
a Ponemon survey of 3,529 IT/security
professionals, the average time it takes
to detect an advanced attack in the network is 80 days, and another 123 days to
resolve the compromise.
In other words, knowing there’s a
problem in order to launch a discovery
investigation is still the 800-pound
gorilla in the room, calling for highly
specialized skillsets to know where to
look for signs of trouble in approved
operations and traffic.
It is equally important to determine
the value of internal systems and data
to understand the motivation of the
attacker, says Rick Holland, senior
analyst with Forrester, a New Yorkbased global research and advisory firm.
Thinking like the bad guys will help
organizations understand how advanced
Threat inteL:
Standardizing?
To understand and react to live attacks
in as close to real time as possible, threat
intelligence being developed by analytics
and SIEM vendors will need standards so
that the information can be shared and
processed across disparate systems.
Two such standards produced
by the Mitre Group
are getting legs in
the community.
These are:
Structural
Threat Information eXpression (STIX): stix.
mitre.org, which includes
attackers will try and penetrate systems,
what data they’d like to siphon out, and
where they may attempt to hide.
“Ideally, organizations should be
able to plug in tactics, techniques and
procedures of the bad guys, and search
their environment for these indicators,”
Holland says. “This should be as easy as
reaching out for a menu option of threat
be identified for this article.
Participation is small at the CSO
Council – limited to 30 – but those
members are powerful in the software
community. “Members of the CSO
Council share these attack intelligence
signatures internally so we can see if
we’ve been compromised collectively or
independently,” he says. “We need data
You can’t just rely on your IPS
and SIEM solutions...”
—Doug Powell, BC Hydro
intelligence shared securely among
peers.”
These details should cross the boundaries between physical and technical
operations, adds Powell.
Share the knowledge
The exchange of attack information
among peer organizations is key, says
the CISO of a large high-tech information security company and a member
of the Bay Area CSO Council, based in
Los Gatos, Calif. The CISO asked not to
common syntax for various parts of the
attack, including observable evidence,
indicators, techniques/tactics/procedures
of the attack, course of action, exploit
target, threat actor and campaign.
The Common Attack Pattern
Enumeration and Classification
(CAPAC) resource for building secure
software resilient to known attack methods: measurablesecurity.mitre.org.
“Standardizing the syntax for sharing a
whole ecosystem of deeper threat information will help support legal contracts and
the technical implementation of alerting
and searching technologies used to protect enterprises,” says Robert Martin,
head of outreach for the information technology directorate
of Mitre.
that can point to what the signs were
and what the objective of the attack is.”
Members of the council have the deep
resources to gather attack information
and create their own intelligence profiles, build filters for their systems, hire
forensic experts to investigate potential
events and follow through with remediation.
However, Mike Cloppert, security
intelligence analyst for Lockheed Martin, the Bethesda, Md.-based defense
contractor, says small and midsize
organizations are not so well staffed,
nor could they afford to be. These will
be the first organizations to demand
automation of threat intelligence
information. Forensic services vendors,
for example, are beginning to package
their collective knowledge as “security
intelligence.”
And, applying intelligence to data
analysis is critical in a world where
attackers are outsmarting layers of security, says Sean Bodmer, chief researcher
of CounterTack, a Waltham, Mass.based security intelligence firm.
“If you can’t look at the data from the
right perspective at the right moment,
then what you’re left with is a bunch
of detection information going into a
SIEM bullpen for someone to go search
it,” Bodmer says. “That is the detection
gap right there.” n
www.scmagazine.com • April 2013 • SC 29
Cloud providers
Head here
Deciphering
cloud strategy
There are steps security pros
can take to achieve greater
peace of mind with cloud
implementations, reports
Alan Earls.
I
f one went strictly by the numbers,
it would seem that there’s no
looking back for the cloud.
According to Gartner, the
public cloud services market
is forecast to grow 18.5 percent this year, compared
to the 4.2 percent rise for
worldwide IT spending.
But talk to a security
professional, and they’ll
tell that the cloud model
presents real vulnerabilities that require effort and focus to
bake in defenses.
According to many cloud and security practitioners, those worries are not
inappropriate. While the cloud can
be safe and secure, it also opens many
vulnerabilities. The key is understanding those weaknesses – the issues one’s
operations bring and those inherent to
the provider – and then assessing how
cloud might help or hurt.
David Maman, founder and CTO
of GreenSQL, a Tel-Aviv, Israel-based
30 SC • April 2013 • www.scmagazine.com
database security
solutions provider
with North American headquarters
in Houston, can be
categorized as a naysayer.
He says those who imagine
that cloud services can inherently provide an extra layer of
security are mistaken. “There is
almost no way whatsoever to even
know [that] your sensitive information leaked when you are using any type
of shared cloud services,” he says. In
fact, Maman says, cloud services are
becoming a new target for cyber criminals because targeting cloud management systems lets them attack multiple
customers at the same time.
Although going after cloud services
requires more knowledge of networking architecture and operations support
systems than might be required for
attacking a single company, there is a
payoff. “The big threat is that once a
specific system is breached, the same
security mechanism and configuration
is being used by thousands of customers hosted on the same cloud, so each
and every customer is now in immediate danger,” says Maman. By the same
token, he adds, the cloud provides
significant opportunities for fraudsters because it offers a much easier
way to hide their activity. Nowadays,
most attacks are being initiated from
the cloud, he says. Criminals can take
control of or buy a virtual private server
(VPS) in just a matter of minutes, run a
one-time attack and then dispose of it.
“This is something that happens on an
hourly basis,” Maman says.
Rules to live by
But the outlook isn’t completely bleak.
As worrisome as the cloud may be,
practitioners say it can be made less
risky with some relatively simple safeguards. For instance, says Trey Keifer,
president and CEO of WireHarbor
Security, a Chicago-based provider
of IT risk management solutions, two
things are critically important in verifying the security of a cloud provider.
First, he says, designate a person or
team with the responsibility. “Too many
companies just integrate it into a part
of their IS/IT organization, and it falls
by the wayside,” he says. So, having
a dedicated supplier risk governance
group that is both responsible for the
initial verification and then any annual
follow-up is key. Second, Keifer says,
users should ensure that the provider
has undergone an independent thirdparty technical assessment. “You should
not trust their internal security teams or
a checklist audit of controls. “Make the
provider show you a client-facing copy
of their reviews,” says Keifer.
He says the “good ones” almost
always will have one available, because
they get asked for them all the time.
And, he recommends avoiding companies that refuse to provide a review
because they claim it is confidential
information. “This is a smoke screen for
poor operational security, or a network
that has grown beyond their ability to
control,” he says.
Michael Bremmer, CEO of TelecomQuotes.com, an internet and telephone
consulting company, offers his own
cheat sheet for vetting cloud providers
that picks up on Keifer’s themes. Specifically, Bremmer recommends inquiring
about which certifications one’s cloud
data center has – SOC I, II or III? SOC
III is the best, most comprehensive and
most expensive certification, says Bremmer, adding that SAAS 70 TYPE II is
acceptable, but is not a true data center
certification. “It is a 20-year-old auditing standard that was never designed to
be used for data centers,” he says.
In a pinch, this might suffice, but
enterprises should not consider placing
business data into a co-location facility
that doesn’t have the latest certifications, Bremmer adds.
It’s also necessary to ask whether
one’s data is duplicated in another data
center, Bremmer says. Although this
might seem too obvious, he says many
companies found out the hard way,
in the wake of Hurricane Sandy, that
their data wasn’t housed in multiple
locations. Although Bremmer admits
off-site storage “isn’t usually free,” compared to the potential cost of data loss it
may be a bargain.
Asking how physically secure the
facility is another step shoppers must
take, as this type of protection also matters. “If possible, ask for a tour and use
tiered-risk assessment process can be
useful,” he says.
Contract, contract, contract: Tomhave
says it is vital to review terms and
conditions through contracts and, if
possible, negotiate for wording that
best aligns to the required risk management strategy. “Ensure that legal is on
board,” he says. “Work with legal to
prepare a template of terms, conditions
and service-level agreements (SLAs)
If possible, ask for a tour and
use your own eyes.”
– Michael Bremmer, CEO, TelecomQuotes.com
your own eyes,” Bremmer says. “If you
cannot have a tour of the facility you’re
considering putting your data into, that
should be a red flag.”
Before a move to the cloud
Taking a somewhat more legalistic
approach, Ben Tomhave, principal consultant at LockPath, a Overland Park,
Kan.-based governance, risk and compliance software and service provider,
suggests five points to consider before
and after moving to the cloud.
Assess the risks: It is imperative, says
Tomhave, that no cloud services agreement be inked without at least a cursory
risk assessment. These should consider
financial, legal and operational risks
(inclusive of IT/information risk). For
example, he says, consider the tradeoffs,
the sensitivity of the data and potential
regulatory requirements. However,
he warns, “Don’t overdo it.” Tomhave
recommends that potential users ensure
they also develop a fast-path risk assessment process that can be completed in
hours so that the organization can move
ahead when the data is not sensitive,
there are no regulatory concerns and
there are major potential cost savings
from using the cloud. “Employing a
that you would ideally have included
to help expedite the process.” If the
provider won’t negotiate the contract,
then Tomhave says reassess the risks
and decide whether to use them. If a goforward decision is made, then ensure
that adequate compensating controls
are identified and implemented. “Don’t
forget to look at breach notification
duties, as well as the associated costs
with customer notifications, incident
response and ensuing clean-up – and
make sure your contract doesn’t prevent
you from meeting your regulatory
duties,” he adds.
Monitoring: If the contract has SLAs,
then make sure to monitor for compliance, says Tomhave. Additionally, determine what other monitoring capabilities
one is granted. “Ensure that as much
monitoring and reporting as is needed
gets fully and properly integrated with
existing monitoring duties,” he says.
Response: Incidents will happen,
says Tomhave. So it is important to
know what response capabilities can be
applied to the service.
“Commercially reasonable, legally
defensible”: Tomhave’s mantra is
designed to ensure that “commercially
reasonable” security measures are in
www.scmagazine.com • April 2013 • SC 31
Cloud providers
place. This phrase represents an evolving duty of care, but it must be evaluated, demonstrated and documented, he
says. Similarly, he says one should make
sure that the entire-analysis process is
documented, with specific notes on the
final decisions about managing key risk
factors. Then, he says, consider a potential worst-case legal scenario where a
breach occurs and key stakeholders file
a lawsuit. “Have you done enough to
proactively defend yourself, demonstrating that a reasonable risk analysis
and decision process were followed?”
he asks.
Finally, Andy Maier, senior product
manager of Savvisdirect, a Monroe, La.based provider of cloud services, says
most companies already have a number
of security risks based on the choices
they’ve made or avoided in their current
IT configuration. Moving to the cloud
is not inherently less secure for companies, especially those that don’t already
have significant IT resources. “Many
businesses are subject to very specific
security requirements based on their
industry,” he says. “Complying with
these requirements can include auditing
and certification of implementations
by third-party agencies.” Still, resting
Many businesses are subject to
specific security requirements...”
– Andy Maier, senior product manager, Savvisdirect
one’s hat and reputation on a stack of
certification documents won’t guarantee
job security, customer confidence or
security, Maier warns.
Instead, Maier offers a range of suggestions, including figuring out what
data needs to be encrypted in the cloud
that isn’t already. Also, he says, it is
wise to determine if existing monitoring solutions can be integrated with
Cloud Security Alliance:
First step into the cloud
The Cloud Security Alliance (CSA), a nonprofit that promotes cloud
security best practices, suggests organizations use the Cloud Security Readiness Tool (CSRT), a free offering from Microsoft
designed to help companies review and understand
their IT maturity level and their ability to consider
adopting or growing cloud services. According to a
CSA statement, the tool uses the Cloud Control
Matrix (CCM) to consider data security,
privacy and reliability factors, as well as key
compliance and regulatory standards. The
tool is a simple way to adopt the CSA’s Security, Trust, and Assurance Registry (STAR)
and CCM principles.
The tool helps organizations evaluate their
IT potential and learn how they can adopt cloud services to reduce
the overall cost of their operation. Organizations that are
considering transitioning to the cloud are faced
with common decision difficulties, most of
which relates to a lack of understanding about
the technology.
The CSRT is an interactive survey of 27 ques-
32 SC • April 2013 • www.scmagazine.com
the cloud. That should include not only
intrusion detection and prevention
technologies but application performance monitoring to help assure business continuity.
And, he adds, be sure to find out
what kind of mitigation help a provider offers. Does the cloud vendor
have a DDoS prevention solution, for
example? “Information security alone
shouldn’t be the only concern,” says
Maier. “If you take all the steps of the
best security experts, but implement
a brittle deployment, lost transactions
and customer records could still result
in the ruin of your business.” n
tions that draw out information about an organization’s industry and
the maturity level of its current IT infrastructure. The tool uses this
information to provide relevant guidance in a custom report that helps
organizations better understand their IT capabilities and more easily
evaluate cloud services against critical areas and compliance with common industry standards.
Information from more than 800 organizations that have
used the CSRT shows that only a few of them are
well prepared for cloud adoption. For example,
25 percent of organizations in the banking and
financial sector have embraced a formalized security program. A CCM control
validates whether an organization has
an information security program. A tool
like the CSRT helps organizations better
understand the full potential of embracing
the STAR and the CCM.
“Organizations are often at a loss when
it comes to how to go about determining
which cloud services may be of value
and whether deploying cloud services
are appropriate in their environment,”
says John Howie, COO of the CSA. “We
hope this tool becomes every organization’s first step into the cloud.”
Product Section
eIQnetworks
HP
Provides all one
would expect in
a SIEM P39
Highly configurable
SIEM with many reporting
functions P42
SIEM City
T
his month we look at security information
and event management (SIEM) tools. The
history of this product group is as interesting as that of last month’s UTMs. SIEMs evolved
from security event management (SEM) tools.
However, today’s SIEMs are a lot more than just
event managers. The products that we are seeing are really a combination of log management,
event and flow correlation, and cyber situational
awareness tools.
That’s really an important distinction, by the way, as cyber situational
awareness is the cornerstone of event management. The SIEM takes in
data from wherever it can get it and correlates the input according to
rules set up by the organization. Often this means that the SIEM has to
take device inventory, vulnerability testing and flow data into account,
as well as event data from firewalls, system logs and intrusion detection
systems. This means that, in a perfect world, at least, every device on the
enterprise is potentially a sensor for the SIEM.
However, these tools are no better than the sensors attached to them.
That means that when selecting a SIEM, users should be certain that
the device selected can take input from everything on the enterprise network from which security information must be gathered. In the case of a
SIEM, the more data points it can look at, the better job it will do. And
what, exactly, is the SIEM’s job?
SIEMs often are thought of as alerting tools for large, complicated
networks. That is, certainly, one extremely important facet of what it is
all about. But there is a lot more. The biggest additional task that a competent SIEM will perform is forensic in nature. Because the SIEM probably is the only thing that sees everything on the enterprise, it has great
potential to assist in the forensic reconstruction of a security event.
Probably the biggest barrier to deploying a SIEM in a smaller organization, besides cost, is lack of sensors. Since these offerings don’t usually
generate their own data, lack of sensors is a drawback. Those that accept
data from a variety of sources – including events and flow data, as well as
vulnerabilities and inventory – can generate risk profiles. If we think of
the events as threat data and the vulnerabilities as vulnerability data, we
have the two main types of data that define risks.
So, with that we’ll launch into our product reviews. We have a good
crop this month, so please read on. – Peter Stephenson, technology editor
SolarWinds
Full-feature SIEM
virtual appliance
P46
How we test and score the products
Our testing team includes SC Labs staff, as well as external experts
who are respected industry-wide. In our Group Tests, we look at
several products around a common theme based on a predetermined set of SC Labs standards (Performance, Ease of use,
Features, Documentation, Support, and Value for money). There
are roughly 50 individual criteria in the general test process. These
criteria were developed by the lab in cooperation with the Center
for Regional and National Security at Eastern Michigan University.
We developed the second set of standards specifically for the
group under test and use the Common Criteria (ISO 1548) as a
basis for the test plan. Group Test reviews focus on operational
characteristics and are considered at evaluation assurance level
(EAL) 1 (functionally tested) or, in some cases, EAL 2 (structurally
tested) in Common Criteria-speak.
Our final conclusions and ratings are subject to the judgment
and interpretation of the tester and are validated by the technology editor.
All reviews are vetted for consistency, correctness and completeness by the technology editor prior to being submitted for
publication. Prices quoted are in American dollars.
What the stars mean
Our star ratings, which may include fractions, indicate how well
the product has performed against our test criteria.
★★★★★ Outstanding. An “A” on the product’s report card.
★★★★ Carries out all basic functions very well. A “B” on the
product’s report card.
★★★ Carries out all basic functions to a satisfactory level.
A “C” on the product’s report card.
★★ Fails to complete certain basic functions. A “D” on the
product’s report card.
★ Seriously deficient. An “F” on the product’s report card.
LAB APPROVED
What the recognition means
Best Buy goes to products the SC Lab rates as outstanding.
Recommended means the product has shone in a specific area.
Lab Approved is awarded to extraordinary standouts that fit into
the SC Labs environment, and which will be used subsequently in
our test bench for the coming year.
www.scmagazine.com • April 2013 • SC 33
GROUP TEST l SIEM
SIEM
What goes into a SIEM these days is not quite so well-defined, but basically these tools aggregate
network activity into a single addressable dataset, says Peter Stephenson, technology editor.
Specifications for SIEM tools
PICK OF THE LITTER
Great to see the McAfee Enterprise Security Manager in a new
environment. It’s powerful, easy
to use and receives our Best Buy
designation this month.
Version 7.3 of EventTracker Enterprise is a big leap forward in SIEM
technology. Recommended.
S
ince the term security
information and event
management, or SIEM,
was coined by Gartner in
2005 there have been a lot of
changes in what constitutes a
SIEM product. Originally, the
acronym was a combination of
security information management (SIM) and security event
management (SEM). This was
presumably fairly straightforward. Today, a scant eight years
later, what goes into a SIEM is
not quite so well-defined.
According to Gartner, a
SIEM should have the abilities
of “gathering, analyzing and
presenting information from
network and security devices;
identity and access management applications; vulnerability
management and policy compliance tools; operating system,
database and application logs;
and external threat data.” That
seems pretty broad, but actually
it comes down to some pretty
specific requirements.
In order for a SIEM to work,
it needs data. It gets its data
from a wide variety of sources
that we can think of as sensors.
However, all of this data needs
to be aggregated into a single
addressable dataset. SIEMS do
that. Then, they correlate the
aggregated data to make sense
of it. That includes normalizing
disparate data formats into a
single form that can be consumed by the analysis engine of
the SIEM.
Once the data is correlated,
there is a lot that can be done
with it. First, of course, is that
34 SC • April 2013 • www.scmagazine.com
it can alert to security conditions that need addressing
immediately. In this regard it
is sort of an intrusion detection system (IDS) on steroids.
It is receiving data from lots
of sources and each of those
sources is contributing to the
picture the tool sees. How that
picture is interpreted should
be, in large measure, configurable. Most capable SIEMs
have robust policy engines that
allow customization, but also
have many commonly used
policies available right out of
the box.
Second, the data can be
used for reporting. Reporting
is a critical aspect of regulatory compliance. It also allows
administrators to see what the
SIEM sees broken down into
meaningful charts and graphs.
Reporting can be file- or paperbased or it can be real-time
displays useful for analysis.
Analysis is another important
aspect of the SIEM. In the early
days of these solutions, they
were much better for analysis
than they were for compliance
reporting. Today, SIEMs should
be able to create regulatory
compliance-specific reports.
Because these offerings often
can take vulnerability data
from tools such as Nessus, they
have the ability to calculate
IT risk. The data that comes
from various sensors is threat
data and this is the meat and
potatoes of the classic SIEM.
However, risk is a combination
of threats and vulnerabilities,
so when the SIEM takes vul-
nerability data as well as threat
data, there is the potential for
risk measurement.
Developing a risk picture,
however, is not quite that simple. If we look at the enterprise
on an asset-by-asset basis, we
find that some assets are more
critical or sensitive than others.
So, for a credible risk picture,
the SIEM must not only be able
to take both threat and vulnerability data, it must be able to
parse down to the asset level.
And, from there it must be able
to weigh assets based on sensitivity, criticality or both.
Further, SIEMs retain data
in a variety of ways. Some keep
entire logs, and their drill-down
capabilities let administrators
go all the way to the source files.
Some retain metadata parsed
from the logs. In that case,
drill-down usually gets header
information and that is all. The
tradeoff is the space required
for archiving full logs.
While SIEMS are not inexpensive, prices have come
down over the past few years.
When selecting a SIEM, don’t
judge cost of ownership based
solely on price. The most
important metric is the value in
your environment.
The number and types of sensors are the only criteria to consider. Where the data is being
collected on the enterprise is
critically important. Also, it is
useful to be able to feed flow
data into the SIEM. This provides data flow vectors that help
identify paths that attackers or
malware take.
●=yes ○=no
Includes
predefined
alert
templates
Includes
predefined
compliance
templates
Includes
predefined
report
templates
Uses
agents
for log
collection
Agentless
log
collection
Performs
log
collection
Performs
event
correlation
Allows for
forensic
analysis of
log data
AlienVault
Unified Security
Management v4.1
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BlackStratus LOG
Storm v4.2.0.45
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CorreLog
Enterprise Server
v5.2.0
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eIQnetworks
SecureVue v3.6.3
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EventTracker v7.3
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GFI
EventsManager
2013
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○
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HP ArcSight
Express v3.0
●
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LogRhythm 6.1
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McAfee Enterprise
Security Manager
v9.1
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NetIQ Sentinel v7
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SolarWinds
Log & Event
Manager v5.5
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●
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ZOHO
ManageEngine
EventLog Analyzer
v8
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○
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Product
»
» PRODUCT SECTION
www.scmagazine.com • April 2013 • SC 35
Details
Vendor AlienVault
Price Starts at $17,700
(hardware cost).
Contact alienvault.com
Features
★★★★★
Ease of use
★★★★★
Performance ★★★★★
Documentation ★★★★
Support
★★★★★
Value for money ★★★★★
Overall rating ★★★★★
Strengths Flexibility, quality and
ease of use.
Weaknesses Appliance setup
can be a little challenging and the
documentation could be better.
Verdict Very good product.
36 SC • April 2013 • www.scmagazine.com
GROUP TEST l SIEM
AlienVault Unified Security
Management (AV-USM) v4.1
BlackStratus LOG Storm
v4.2.0.45
A
L
lienVault’s Unified Security Management (AV-USM) platform
combines open source technologies for asset discovery/inventory, vulnerability assessment, threat detection, behavioral
monitoring and security intelligence/event correlation. The AV-USM
“All-in-One” appliance includes sensor log collection and event detection from various host, network and wireless intrusion detection
systems (IDS), NetFlow information, Microsoft Windows events, and more.
Another component, the AlienVault Logger, provides forensic storage, while the
USM Server/SIEM engine provides aggregation, correlation and real-time alerts
for incident response, along with dashboards and reporting
For more distributed and complex environments, the All-in-One appliance can be
remotely upgraded via license code to support up to five remote sensors. Additionally, any one of these components can be configured on dedicated hardware appliances
for scalability and deployment flexibility. In addition to the built-in asset discovery,
vulnerability assessment, behavioral monitoring and threat detection, AlienVault
offers an open API to integrate additional data sources and vendor devices.
During our initial attempt to access the AlienVault hardware appliance, the
hardware failed. The support staff worked to identify the situation and then AlienVault shipped a replacement in less than 18 hours. AlienVault provided a copy of
its standard contract, a document that detailed the appliance configuration and a
CD-ROM that included a “quick-start guide” and a copy of the end-user license
agreement. The product is based on a number of well-respected open source
products. These include, but are not limited to, Snort, Nessus, Nmap, Nagios,
OTX (Open Threat Exchange), OSSIM (Open Source Security Information Management), and more. The product contains approximately 15,000 signatures to
identify risk. The case management workflow is relatively simple: Incidents are
identified, a ticket is opened and sent to an investigator or an analyst. The listsupported system is impressive. The AlienVault was the first product that autogenerated an incident ticket during the start-up phase of initializing the product.
The reporting function provides an interesting feature. When a report is being
generated, the user is presented with a number of options regarding the format of
the document. No cryptic formatting language is required. The dropdowns and
radio-button selections allows a lucid report to be created all in a few seconds.
The “Situational Awareness” function allows graphic representations of the
assets, including graphic views of systems up/down status.
Fee-based support offerings include standard assistance beginning at $3,540
for eight-hours-a-day/five-days-a-week phone and email aid. Additional assistance is available that includes 24/7/365 support for $4,425 per year. AlienVault
provides other help functions as well: a knowledge base includes video tutorials, product documentation and more. There is a forum that can be reached on
the company’s website, as well as some FAQ documents.
This product is a good value for the price given its performance, functionality
and presentation.
OG Storm combines log management and security information management with correlation technology, real-time
monitoring and an integrated incident response system. The
tool analyzes all event messages to identify patterns of attack,
filters out false positives and prioritizes critical events. Incident
information is accessible from nearly all screens within the LOG Storm GUI.
This product improves the quality of alerts by incorporating vulnerability data
into its correlation technology – allowing alert administrators to better determine
if the monitored assets are vulnerable to certain threats. Another interesting feature is its behavior-based analytics aiding in the identification of new attacks that
follow similar patterns to past attacks, but use different types of connections that
attempt to bypass signature-based countermeasures.
The workflow management functions provide best-practice recommendations for remediation, mitigation, centralized case tracking and automated
notification, so incident response personnel know what to do and administrators have clear insight into the actions of their team. LOG Storm provides
an array of reports to aid in investigating incidents and preparing for audits,
including the standard compliance package.
Log Storm was delivered to our lab as an appliance, along with “Initial
Setup” and “Quick-Start” guides. Following the instructions provided by
BlackStratus made the application configuration go well. Identifying networks and registering assets was simple. Adding systems and devices was
straightforward, and we were impressed with the list of agent types that were
available. The dashboard was fairly easy to navigate. It took some time to
learn the features under each tab. The help function was easy to read and the
instructions for most tasks were simple to follow. There was a bit of trouble
trying to create the desired “Custom Rules” to use for the testing. We did not
find a way to create keywords inside the rules. The intention was to generate
an alert trigger and an incident for detection of common hacker tools that
were downloaded and used on the network. However, it should be noted that
the “System Rules” were easy to set up and modify.
Support is divided into multiple tiers beginning with 24/7/365 no-cost service
during the product’s trial period. Pay for services options include three levels:
platinum, gold and standard. All three includes virtual helpdesk and troubleshooting information online, software and signature updates, expert help for
managing security incidents, and delivery of new agents as they become available. Platinum provides 24/7/365 live phone support; gold provides 9 a.m. to
6 p.m. (EST) live telephone support, seven days; and standard provides 9 a.m.
to 6 p.m. live telephone support, Monday to Friday. In addition, BlackStratus
provides assistance from the company’s website: a product knowledge base and
a FAQ. The costs for the respective options are based on a percentage of the list
price: standard: 20 percent, gold: 25 percent, and platinum: 30 percent. Overall, this product is properly priced and a value for an entry point into SIEM.
»
» GROUP TEST l SIEM
Details
Vendor BlackStratus
Price Starts at $9.000. LOG
Storm is available in three different virtualized models – one of
them being free – and four different hardware models with varied
memory and storage capacities.
Perpetual licensing and flexible
subscription pricing is offered.
Contact blackstratus.com
Features ★★★★★
Ease of use ★★★★½
Performance
★★★★★
Documentation
★★★★★
Support★★★★½
Value for money ★★★★★
Overall rating ★ ★★★¾
Strengths Simple to use as well
as a large list of agent modules.
Weaknesses There is a need
for more prepared policies and
reports to help non-expert users.
Verdict This is a quality product
with great potential
www.scmagazine.com • April 2013 • SC 37
Details
Vendor CorreLog
Price Starts at $5,000.
Contact correlog.com
Features
★★★★½
Ease of use ★★★★
Performance ★★★★★
Documentation ★★★★★
Support
★★★★★
Value for money ★★★★★
Overall rating ★★★★½
Strengths Easy to install and full
of features.
Weaknesses Macro writing
requires specialization often unavailable in small organizations.
Verdict Interesting approach to
SIEM.
38 SC • April 2013 • www.scmagazine.com
GROUP TEST l SIEM
CorreLog Enterprise Server v5.2.0
eIQnetworks SecureVue v3.6.3
C
S
orreLog Enterprise Server combines real-time log management with
correlation, auto-learning functions, high-speed search, ticketing and
reporting services. This software solution can be installed in minutes
on a Windows host platform with at least 512 Mb of memory and sufficient
disk space to store log files. CorreLog has the capability to work either
independently of, or alongside other SIEM technologies to improve threat
management and incident response capabilities. The tool is designed to be as
simple as possible to install and operate, and is an excellent entry point into
SIEMs for small to midsized enterprises as it includes the basic elements of an
enterprise-class SIEM.
CorreLog has a fairly unique automated workflow – from event message to
correlation to alerts to tickets. The alert functions are auto-learning and intuitive thresholds for simplicity and tracking. Logs/messages are encrypted and
hashed to help ensure the data is authentic. Another winning feature is the full
scripting facility to launch functions and third-party applications. CorreLog
provides auditing and forensic capabilities for organizations concerned with
meeting SIEM requirements set forth by PCI-DSS, HIPAA, SOX, FISMA,
GLBA, National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), and others.
CorreLog freely distributes versions of its Window Agent and Windows Tool
Kit (WTS) to instrument Microsoft 200x, XP, Vista and Windows 7 platforms
with standard syslog capability. This non-intrusive, feature-rich, standardsbased agent is distributed free of charge to all interested organizations to help
advance the state of the art for SIEM and systems management.
CorreLog provided a number of printed documents, as well as a collection
of 33 PDF documents that covered installation, configuration and operations.
Other material provided excellent insight into the philosophy and methodology employed by the company in the development of its CorreLog Enterprise
Server. Installation took less than a minute to get the system up and running.
Agents were deployed by logging into the target systems and launching the
URL that was created on the CorreLog server.
Selection of the “View Catalog Statistics” link provided a display that included critical alert threshold hints, standard deviations from average and more.
For the analytical user, this is an excellent resource. Ticketing makes use of
groups that can be populated by IP addresses or via correlation list macro. The
macro function allows for editing or creation of user-defined macros. There is
no doubt this product takes a completely different approach than most other
SIEM solutions, but this is a tool that is worth looking into.
CorreLog offers basic, no-cost 24/7 support services for one year. After
the first year, the company offers two pay-per service options, standard and
premium. Standard (Monday to Friday, 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. EST) is 20 percent of
the then-current product price, while premium (24/7) is 25 percent. Support
includes phone and email service. CorreLog also provides assistance on the
company’s website, including a knowledge base and a FAQ. As an entry into
the SIEM market for small enterprises, CorreLog is a cost-effective way to
begin to get a hold of threat management and incident response.
ecureVue provides all of the elements one would expect in a SIEM –
log consolidation, threat correlation, incident management (including
ticket issuance), event analytics, forensic analysis, compliance reporting, change auditing, event alerting, an array of user definable/customizable
alerting and reporting options, and more. SecureVue also provides a friendly
incident management workflow that helps keep the process clear and easy
to follow. But, this is just the beginning. The performance of the system
approaches phenomenal.
The reporting function features a fully indexed proprietary data store that
generates near-instantaneous reports. The development of policies and the flexibility of reporting and alerting is intuitive and easy to use. The highly customizable dashboard is excellent, providing clean graphs and tables. SecureVue has
a built-in software development kit (SDK) to help aggregate data from thirdparty tools into the SecureVue Server.
To aid in installation of SecureVue, a two-page instruction document was
provided, presumably since the tool was preconfigured on a hardware appliance. It would have been convenient if there had been a user manual to reference some of the features that are not as common as others. The appliance
was connected to dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) in the lab, so
at startup the only information that was required was the admin password.
After logging in to the SecureVue server, time was spent becoming familiar
with the settings and options. Simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP) would
not accept email setup because the product disallowed special characters in
the user ID for SMTP authentication. A number of lab systems were enrolled
(via agents) into the SecureVue appliance. This activity took about five minutes per system enrolled. To test the features of the product, a series of progressive network attacks were performed.
This is an industrial strength tool. The dashboards are uncluttered and
intuitive. The product comes with approximately 1,500 prepared reports.
User-definable reporting is available if one wishes to create something a little
different. There is also a robust set of compliance reporting. Account policies are editable for special needs. The company’s Security Center provides
change monitoring. Instant reporting is generated on differences from previous snapshots. There are a large number of predefined alerts.
Initial price for support includes one year of maintenance (software
upgrades and assistance). Follow-up maintenance is priced at 20 percent
annually. eIQnetworks “eCare” support is offered with two possible options:
standard (eight-hours-a-day/five-days-a-week) and premium (24/7). In
addition, service options (outside of standard) can be purchased. These
“consultative” services include implementation, training, health checks and
custom-scoped services. The cost of these services are negotiable based on
the nature of the offering. In addition to email and phone assistance, the company offers aid on its website, as well as a knowledge base and a FAQ feature.
The cost of this tool is higher that many other SIEMs, but it is still money
well spent given the quality of features and services.
»
» GROUP TEST l SIEM
Details
Vendor eIQnetworks
Price Starts at $12,594 for 25
devices (software only option).
The appliance-based solution
starts at $24,594 for 25 devices.
Contact eiqnetworks.com
Features ★★★★★
Ease of use ★★★★★
Performance ★★★★★
Documentation ★★★★¾
Support
★★★★★
Value for money ★★★★★
Overall rating ★★★★★
Strengths A well designed and
vetted product.
Weaknesses Minor improvements in the documentation of
features not commonly known.
Verdict Very good product for
midsized to large enterprises.
www.scmagazine.com • April 2013 • SC 39
Details
Vendor EventTracker
Price Starts at $4,599 per 10
servers, $7,824 for 25 servers, and
$12,799 for 50 servers.
Contact eventtracker.com
Features
★★★★★
Ease of use
★★★★★
Performance
★★★★★
Documentation
★★★★★
Support
★★★★★
Value for money
★★★★★
Overall rating ★★★★★
Strengths This product is a welldesigned enterprise-class tool.
Weaknesses Hard to find a
substantial weakness.
Verdict Version 7.3 of EventTracker Enterprise is a big leap
forward in SIEM technology.
Recommended.
40 SC • April 2013 • www.scmagazine.com
GROUP TEST l SIEM
EventTracker Enterprise v7.3
GFI EventsManager 2013
E
G
ventTracker Enterprise is comprehensive. It is designed to be scalable to
address multiple locations, business units and domains using the EventTracker Stand-Alone, Collection Point and Collection Master architecture. The latest version (7.3) expands/improves the offering in areas of file
integrity monitoring, change audit, configuration assessment, cloud integration,
event correlation and writeable media monitoring and management. Some of
the other new features include built-in ticketing system (with acknowledgement, search, notes and email support for log4j) and related standards, such
as log4cxx, log4net, log4php, scheduled discovery of applications and systems,
configurable behavior rules to detect new and out-of-the-ordinary behavior by
user-specified thresholds, frequency or learned-behavior thresholds, and riskbased prioritization for incident identification and automatic or manual remediation solutions.
The product ships via software, virtual appliance and hardware appliance.
EventTracker uses a flat file database that is fully indexed for performance and
a proprietary compression function that flattens the data 90 percent or more for excellent storage management. The event data is
encrypted and hashed to ensure the integrity of the information.
The anonymization feature issues an alert if tampering is attempted. Another strong feature is the integration of Microsoft’s Specialized Security
– Limited Functionality (SSLF) hardening option to the EventTracker system.
The SSLF was designed to help protect information in hostile environments
and is required on certain government systems.
EventTracker provided a number of excellent documents to aid in its installation, configuration and use. Most useful were the EventTracker-Enterprisev7.3-Install-Guide, Hardening-Guide-For-EventTracker-Server and the
EventTracker v7.3 Enterprise User Guide.
The product provided features to filter unwanted activity. In addition to the
items already noted, after a brief agent enrollment process, the following features were available for viewing and processing: email alerting, remediation,
behavior analysis, forensic search, change activity reporting, compliance reports
and more. The system provides a risk-based prioritization facility for assets that
we found pleasing. One of the most powerful set of features were found under
the “Reports” tab, then selecting the “Compliance” tab. Equally rich functionality was found under the “Config Assessment” tab. Once this was selected, the
“Report” tab was selected. Here, under the “Benchmark” tab, there were a large
number of report options. The benchmarks were categorized by publisher and
system platforms, and systems were tagged and assessment launched. Once completed, the system reported the Config Assessment results. The Open Vulnerability and Assessment Language (OVA) results provided excellent references.
EventTracker support is a 24/7 fee-based service, which includes phone and
email assistance, a portal via the website, a knowledge base and FAQ. The cost
is 20 percent of the software list price. EventTracker also offers product support, design, planning, implementation services and training. This tool hits all
of the benchmarks for a top-tier SIEM and is money well spent.
FI EventsManager collects, centralizes, normalizes, consolidates
and analyzes a wide range of log types, such as World Wide Web
Consortium (W3C) and any text-based formats, Windows events,
SQL Server and Oracle audits, and syslog and simple network management protocol (SNMP) traps generated by devices, such as firewalls,
servers, routers, switches, sensors, SQL server systems, PCs and custom
devices. GFI EventsManager includes an active network and server monitoring feature providing administrators with real-time, active monitoring
of assets, network infrastructure, applications and services. This new
functionality enables IT administrators to understand why a problem is occurring, and it also provides information to help remediate it.
EventsManager (like most SIEMs) provides real-time discovery and alerting of
security incidents. However, it also provides critical information for risk assessment and mitigation. Administrators have the ability to assign specific computers
to each EventsManager user, enabling administrators to limit users’ access to
only the configuration, reporting and log-browsing data coming from computers
they manage. EventsManager can be deployed in highly distributed environments
– even where there is no persistent connection between sites – due to its ability to export data to encrypted files that can be forwarded by secure file transfer
applications during times when the network is available. EventsManager includes
some fairly unique features, including process debug information generated during process failure dumps, as well as built-in Visual Basic scripting. Other strong
features include the use of two-factor access into log data and the use of international information blocking for privacy.
Documentation provided for this evaluation included administrator, evaluation, installation and smart guides. Each was excellent making the installation
and operation tasks easy. GFI EventsManager can be deployed on machines running any Microsoft Windows OS version – from Windows XP SP3 onwards. The
install is performed in two stages: Install the database and install EventsManager.
GFI recommended installation into the customer’s domain if possible. After firewall settings were enabled, computers were selected (alternative credentials were
set for systems not in the domain). GFI did a good job of maintaining the familiar
look and feel of other GFI products. During the setup, GFI recommended running
scans to generate log events. After creating users and groups, the next task was to
open the event processing rules dropdown.
It should be noted that creating or modifying rules is possible but difficult,
and GFI recommended working with the prepared rules if possible. The dashboard was intuitive and rich in features. Once the events were imported and
normalized, the system was ready for use. Another great asset was the “Anonymization” feature. This assists in complying with privacy laws that require
personal data be accessible to named individuals. The Anonymizer is used to
encrypt the personal data found in Windows Security logs, SQL server and
Oracle audit logs. Further, the EventsManager Audit for Windows tracks inactive users, inactive systems within the domain, IPsec policies that are not active,
and inactive Microsoft firewalls.
»
» GROUP TEST l SIEM
Details
Vendor GFI
Price GFI offers two basic pricing
options. Both provide checkbased monitoring for servers,
workstations and network devices
together with log data management and analysis. Pricing is differentiated by log type(s). Price:
Starting at $147 per node for
50-99 nodes for GFI’s “Complete”
license offering support for of all
supported log types. GFI also offers an “Active Monitoring” license
at $39 per node for 50-99 nodes
for workstation logs in .evt(x) and
text format.
Contact gfi.com
Features
★★★★½
Ease of use
★★★★½
Performance ★★★★★
Documentation ★★★★★
Support
★★★★★
Value for money ★★★★★
Overall rating ★★★★★
Strengths Integration of mature
features and functions into the
product.
Weaknesses Absence of a
ticketing feature.
Verdict Solid product, easy to
use, though a weak formal
ticketing solution.
www.scmagazine.com • April 2013 • SC 41
GROUP TEST l SIEM
HP ArcSight Express
T
Details
Vendor HP
Price $45,000
Contact hpenterprisesecurity.
com
Features
★★★★★
Ease of use ★★★★½
Performance ★★★★¾
Documentation
★★★★★
Support ★★★★★
Value for money ★★★½
Overall rating ★★★★¾
Strengths Highly configurable
with many reporting functions.
Weaknesses Very expensive.
Verdict ArcSight is one of the
heavy hitters in this market, but
its products come with a heavy
cost. Albeit, it’s a good fit for large
enterprises.
42 SC • April 2013 • www.scmagazine.com
he HP ArcSight Express appliance features a full set of
SIEM capabilities, including security event correlation, log
management, IT search, NetFlow monitoring and compliance reporting. Using this tool, security professionals and system
administrators can identify and investigate many security events
and rule violatations – all from a single interface. Along with the
usual monitoring and reporting functions of a SIEM, this offering also
features user activity and role monitoring, which provides a more complete picture of certain security events and how they occurred.
Overall, we had a fairly easy time of configuring and managing this appliance. To get it deployed in the network takes just a few minutes, but getting
the product setup and configured is a slightly different story. This product is
designed to be quite flexible and to provide a multitude of deployment and
monitoring configurations, so setting everything up can be quite a process.
However, we found that once it is up and running, it features many powerful analysis and reporting functions that more than balance out the initial
deployment difficulty.
This solution has a connector or receiver for almost any type of log or
device. It can take all log data, pass it through its powerful correlation engine
and, in one interface, provide dozens of reports and alerts. The management
console can be a little overwhelming at first due to the many panes of information, but once we became familiar with how to navigate the console we
found it to be quite manageable and not as complicated as it looked initially.
We found this appliance to have a slight learning curve when it came to managing and configuration, but it also provides a lot of options and flexibility.
For compliance reporting, it features reporting packs that can be loaded into
the management console for specific compliance report types.
Documentation included quite a few PDF manuals and guides. Among
these were administrator, configuration and user guides. There was also a
short getting-started guide, but it basically provided a couple of steps to turn
on the appliance for the first time and then referenced the configuration
guide for further instructions. Also provided was an ESM 101 guide. This
offered excellent detail on how to use the product and its various features and
functions.
HP ArcSight offers standard and premium support plans to customers as
part of an annual cost. These programs include various levels of phone and
email-based technical aid along with other help features. Customers also can
access a large support area on the website that features a user community,
knowledge base and a download center.
At a price of $45,000, this product carries a heavy price tag. The HP ArcSight appliance is definitely a better fit for large-scale enterprise versus smaller environments. While the price may be high, this product does offer a lot
of configurability and functionality for more complex environments. Overall,
we find this product to be an average value for the money. It does have some
great features and functionality.
»
» GROUP TEST l SIEM
LogRhythm
T
he LogRhythm appliance goes way beyond traditional security event monitoring and management.
This appliance features log and event management
functions as with any SIEM, but beyond that it includes
advanced correlation and pattern recognition driven by its
onboard Advanced Intelligence Engine, and host and file integrity monitoring and drill-down capabilities to get to the raw log
data for analysis and forensics.
Overall, we found this product to be easy to set up and manage. The initial
setup and deployment of the appliance has changed just slightly, but is still as
easy and straightforward as in past appliances that we have seen. To get started
with LogRhythm, we had to power on the appliance and allow it to go through
a brief initial power-on procedure to set up Windows Server 2008. After the
initial start-up process, we were able to set the IP and network settings and we
were pretty much done with the initial deployment. All further management is
done via a well designed, web-based management interface. We found this to be
intuitive to navigate and it includes a multitude of analysis and monitoring tools,
including many charts that could be drilled down into for deep event analysis.
This appliance came loaded with monitoring and reporting capabilities. On
top of being able to drill down quickly and easily from any event to raw log
data, this tool features a lot of automation and compliance reporting functions.
The automation aspect includes the LogRhythm SmartResponse, which delivers immediate action on real-world issues, such as when specific cyber threats
are detected or compliance-driven policies are violated. This allows for administrators and security managers to focus on the investigation of an incident,
rather than trying to plug the hole in a time of crisis. This appliance also came
preloaded with a large selection of compliance and predefined reporting templates, making report generation simple and easy right out of the box.
Documentation is included in the web-based management console of the
appliance. From the console, administrators can easily access installation and
administrator guides for help with advanced configuration or use of product
features. We found all documentation to be well-organized and easy to follow
owing to many screen shots and the step-by-step instructions.
LogRhythm offers customers 11/5 standard support or 24/7 premium support
as part of an annual maintenance contract. Along with phone- and email-based
technical assistance, customers also have access to software updates, including
all major and minor releases and hardware warranty options. Customers also
get access to a portal via the website, which includes a knowledge base, user
forums, documentation, support tips, downloads and other resources.
At a price of $25,000, we find this product to be an excellent value for the
money. LogRhythm is a powerful yet reasonably priced appliance that includes
many excellent features and functions onboard right out of the box. Too, along
with powerful functionality, this appliance is easy to use and manage, which
makes it an all-around good value and investment for any organization looking
to deploy SIEM.
Details
Vendor LogRhythm
Price $25,000
Contact logrhythm.com
Features
★★★★★
Ease of use
★★★★★
Performance ★★★★★
Documentation ★★★★★
Support
★★★★★
Value for money ★★★★★
Overall rating ★★★★★
Strengths Easy to deploy and
manage with many reporting and
alerting functions built in.
Weaknesses None that we found.
Verdict A solid product with very
good value and performance.
www.scmagazine.com • April 2013 • SC 43
GROUP TEST l SIEM
McAfee Enterprise Security
Manager
T
Details
Vendor McAfee
Price $47,994
Contact mcafee.com
Features
★★★★★
Ease of use
★★★★★
Performance ★★★★★
Documentation
★★★★★
Support
★★★★★
Value for money
★★★★★
Overall rating ★★★★★
Strengths Feature-rich and highly
customizable, this tool is loaded
with templates and prebuilt
reports.
Weaknesses None that we found.
Verdict Great to see this old
friend in a new environment. It’s
powerful, easy to use and receives
our Best Buy designation.
44 SC • April 2013 • www.scmagazine.com
he McAfee Enterprise Security Manager is back this
year after a full transformation from its former self,
the NitroView ESM. Many of the obvious differences
are skin deep, and much of the robustness of the previous
product remain intact, including the familiar management
console, but more on that shortly. For those who do not know
this product, the Enterprise Security Manager is the ultimate
high-powered SIEM. This tool uses a proprietary backend database that allows
it to collect more than 18,000 events per second from a single receiver and feed
them through an advanced correlation engine for deep analysis.
We found this appliance to be quite easy to deploy, configure and manage. The
initial deployment is done by manually setting network and IP information on
the device through a monitor and keyboard connection. After that, all further
management and configuration is done via the web-based management interface.
We found the management interface to be easy and intuitive to navigate and to
feature many easy-to-read charts and graphs. The dashboard itself
is built on Flash, so it can be customized to include information
that is relevant to a specific user, such as a security engineer or system administrator. The appliance also comes preloaded with many
already configured dashboards.
From a functionality standpoint, this appliance has it all. On top of prebuilt
dashboards, many interactive charts and graphs, the ability to take data and
logs from almost any source that has an IP address, and the ability to drill
down into raw log data quickly and easily, this product also features a multitude
of prebuilt compliance reporting tools. The Enterprise Security Manager comes
loaded with reports for PCI-DSS, HIPAA, NERC-CIP, FISMA, GLBA and
SOX, along with several others. Aside from reporting on events after they happen, this product also can help predict threats before they occur. This is done
by monitoring and managing a baseline of activity while continuously looking
for anomalies.
Documentation included installation and administrator guides in PDF format. The installation guide provided an excellent amount of detail on how
to get the appliance up and running, as well as some basic configuration procedures. The user guide focused on overall use and management along with
report creation and other tasks. We found all documentation to be well-organized and easy to follow with many step-by-step instructions and screen shots.
McAfee includes the first year of product and technical support as part of
the purchase price. After the first year, customers can purchase additional aid
through a contract. This includes phone- and email-based technical assistance
at both eight-hours-a-day/five-days-a-week or 24/7 levels.
At a price just shy of $48,000, this product carries a big price tag. However,
we find it provides a lot of bang for the buck. The McAfee Enterprise Security
Manager is a robust and feature-rich appliance that is easy to use and manage.
»
» GROUP TEST l SIEM
NetIQ Sentinel
S
entinel from NetIQ offers a lot of robust SIEM features and
functions. This product features log collection, aggregation, correlation and analysis and reporting – all from one single point
that is easy to use and manage. Administrators and security personnel
can use this tool to gain a great amount of insight into security events,
as well as prevent threats that may be unseen without the use of Sentinel’s powerful log correlation engine.
We found this solution to be of average difficulty to set up and
deploy. The product comes as a software package that can be installed
on either a Microsoft Windows or Enterprise Linux server. NetIQ recommends the Linux deployment, so that is the one we had for evaluation.
Overall, we found the installation to go pretty smoothly. It required minimal
Linux experience. After installation was complete, we were able to manage the
entire product from a web-based management interface. Included in this interface is the Sentinel Control Center, which provides a centralized interface to
manage data and analysis of events.
Once we became comfortable navigating around the various dashboards
and menus of the appliance interface, we found this product to include a wide
variety of reporting and analysis capabilities. This tool includes a fair amount
of automation and remediation capabilities as well. Once configured, Sentinel will be able to detect anomalies in the network and event baseline and
provide remediation and threat information automatically. Aside from threat
monitoring and event management, this product also integrates with identity
management platforms to help create a more specific picture of an event by
tying in user information and logging. Sentinel also can correlate information
from intrusion prevention systems (IPS)/intrusion detection system (IDS) sensors against known vulnerabilities to help identify possible threats before they
become a problem.
Documentation included many PDF guides and manuals, including installation and administration guides. Other materials included a quick-start and a
user guide. We found all to be nicely organized and to include many step-bystep instructions, along with screen shots. We also found overlap in the manuals, which made finding information on specific configurations easy.
NetIQ offers both 12/5 and 24/7 product support levels to customers as part
of an agreement. This includes phone- and email-based technical aid along with
access to product and software updates and upgrades. Customers also can access
an area on the website at no cost. This includes a knowledge base and other
resources. Furthermore, users also can access a full user forum that features many
custom-built connectors and helpful information from product users.
At a price of about $48,400 for the software and one year of support, this product is quite costly for a software-only product. We find NetIQ Sentinel to be a
slightly above average value for the money. While this tool does carry a monstrous
price tag, it also includes a great amount of intelligent features and functions that
give it solid SIEM capability, which helps make it worth the overall cost.
Details
Vendor NetIQ
Price $48,400, including license
and first-year maintenance.
Contact netiq.com
Features
★★★★★
Ease of use ★★★★¼
Performance
★★★★★
Documentation
★★★★★
Support
★★★★★
Value for money ★★★¾
Overall rating ★★★★¾
Strengths Highly intelligent SIEM
analysis capabilities.
Weaknesses High cost for a
software only product.
Verdict Strong product, but quite
pricey for software only.
www.scmagazine.com • April 2013 • SC 45
Details
Vendor SolarWinds
Price $4,495, including license
and one-year of maintenance.
Contact solarwinds.com
Features
★★★★★
Ease of use
★★★★★
Performance ★★★★★
Documentation
★★★★★
Support
★★★★★
Value for money ★★★★★
Overall rating ★★★★★
Strengths Reasonably priced,
full-feature SIEM virtual appliance.
Weaknesses None that we found.
Verdict Excellent offering from a
mature, well-respected company.
46 SC • April 2013 • www.scmagazine.com
GROUP TEST l SIEM
SolarWinds Log &
Event Manager
Zoho ManageEngine
EventLog Analyzer
T
T
he SolarWinds Log & Event Manager, also known as the LEM, is a
virtual appliance capable of collecting logs and events from almost any
network-connected device and then correlating that data for further
analysis. The LEM virtual appliance can be deployed in either a VMware
ESX or Microsoft Hyper-V virtual environment and can provide insight into
security events, as well as help with performance monitoring and compliance
management.
For our evaluation we chose to install the VMware virtual appliance. We
found the installation process to be quite easy and straightforward. To get
started, we simply had to download the executable from the SolarWinds support site. After the executable was downloaded, we ran it and it expanded into
a folder containing the open virtual appliance (OVA) file along with installation
instructions and the desktop software for additional management capabilities.
To get the appliance up and running, we simply had to import it into our ESX
installation and turn it on. The appliance was able to acquire a Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol (DHCP) address and we were able to log into the webbased management console within minutes of turning the appliance on.
From a management perspective, this appliance has a lot to offer. The first
thing we saw when logging into the interface was a full dashboard with many
helpful charts, graphs and lists, along with access to help and support. The
dashboard can be customized to fit the needs of a specific user type or group,
but the default setup is a good place to start. As for reporting, this appliance
features a plethora of compliance-based report templates already built in
and ready to go. Furthermore, this tool can take data from other SolarWinds
products and provide an extra level of analysis to ensure better security.
Documentation included a quick-start guide, along with a full user guide.
The quick-start guide detailed the steps necessary to download and install
the virtual appliance, as well as some other basic information. The user guide
takes over where the quick-start leaves off and details configuration and management of the appliance, as well as use of product features. We found both
of these to be clear and easy to follow. They each also included full step-bystep instructions and screen shots.
SolarWinds includes the first year of technical support as part of the purchase price. Customers have access to 24/7 unlimited phone- and email-based
technical support, as well as a large aid area on the website. The customer
support area includes documentation, product downloads, video tutorials and
training materials, and access to a full knowledge base and user forum.
At a price just shy of $4,500 for the virtual appliance and one year of support, we find this offering to be an excellent value for the money. The SolarWinds LEM offers a solid feature set with an easy to navigate interface in a
virtual appliance that is simple to deploy and manage at a reasonable price.
This solution can be used in almost any environment and is good starting
point for SIEM deployment.
he ManageEngine EventLog Analyzer from Zoho is a small application that provides a lot of functionality. This product takes an agentless approach to collecting and analyzing machine-generated logs.
The tool can collect and normalize event logs and machine data and make
them available for analysis, searching, report generation and archive, all in
an easy-to-use, web-based interface.
We found installation to be just about as simple as it gets. The installation executable can be downloaded from the ManageEngine website. Once we
had the executable, we ran it on one of our Windows servers and, after a short
installation wizard, we were up and running. The product itself is quite small
and lightweight, so it can sit on almost any hardware. After the install was complete, we were able to access the web-based management interface. We found
this interface to be a little overwhelming at first, but after a few minutes of wandering around we felt pretty comfortable using the controls.
Adding assets and log sources is quite easy as well. This product can scan an
entire subnet or devices can be added manually. In our Windows domain environment, we just had to provide administrator credentials and scan our subnet
and we were collecting data in minutes. As for analysis, this product features
many charts and graphs in its default dashboard that provide a good overview
of what’s happening around the network. However, for a more detailed view,
this product comes preloaded with report templates, including many compliance-based reports.
Documentation included a single help file that is built into the management
interface itself. We found this to be quite detailed for a help file. It actually felt
more like an administrator guide. It included many screen shots, diagrams and
step-by-step configuration and management instructions in a well-organized
format. While we did not receive any other manuals, we found that this file did
an exceptional job of providing the necessary information to configure and use
the product.
ManageEngine provides no-cost support for the first 30 days of product use.
After that, customers on the perpetual license model must purchase support as
part of a maintenance contract. Customers with a subscription model price have
assistance included in their subscription cost. Customers receive email- and
phone-based technical support, as well as access to a large online aid area. Customers who access the online support will find a knowledge base, user forum,
product video tutorials, documentation and other resources.
At a price starting at $1,195 for 10 hosts (perpetual) or $395 per year for 10
hosts (subscription), we find this product to be a good value for the money. The
EventLog Analyzer provides some very solid SIEM functionality at a reasonable cost for smaller environments that want to get started with SIEM, but can’t
afford to invest in a full-scale product. Overall, we find this solution to be easy
to deploy and manage in any size environment and to have a solid price for the
feature set.
»
» GROUP TEST l SIEM
Details
Vendor Zoho
Price Starts at $1,195.
Contact manageengine.com
Features
★★★★½
Ease of use
★★★★★
Performance
★★★★½
Documentation
★★★★★
Support
★★★★★
Value for money ★★★★★
Overall rating ★★★★★
Strengths Easy to deploy for
smaller environments.
Weaknesses Device and log
support is limited.
Verdict Good choice if it supports
your environment.
www.scmagazine.com • April 2013 • SC 47
» First look
Stopping distributed denialof-service attacks
D
At A glAnce
Product: FortiDDoS-200A
Company: Fortinet
Price: Starts at $49, 998.
What it does: Stops distributed
denial-of-service attacks.
What we liked: Straightforward to
use, effective, and easy to evaluate its effect on the enterprise.
What we didn’t like: Not much
not to like here. It is, perhaps, a bit
pricey for some types of customers, but it gives a lot of value
nonetheless.
48 SC • April 2013 • www.scmagazine.com
istributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks certainly are a
serious issue that can cause lots of productivity loss. These
incursions also can cost hard dollars when they prevent paying customers from spending money on a site under attack. The key issue, of
course, is separating the DDoS packets from legitimate data packets. When
the DDoS packets are flooding at nearly wire speeds, that is a lot easier to talk
about than it is to do. That, though, is exactly what the Fortinet FortiDDoS200A accomplishes.
FortiDDoS is an appliance that examines data packets in a variety of ways to
separate DDoS packets from legitimate packets. In order to accommodate high
volume data, all filtering is done in hardware. The platform contains hardwarebased policies that can be tuned to allow such things as virtual partitioning,
which in turn allows different policies for different business units, for example.
Setting up the appliance is straightforward, if not exactly simple. The first
step is to set up the virtual partitions – if one wishes to have different partitions. Next, the partition is baselined. The device starts in detection mode. In
this mode it learns a baseline, but does not block anything. Once the baseline is
complete and defining expected traffic loads, the appliance is switched to prevention mode where it begins to block and continues to learn.
One of the most powerful features of this tool is its suite of traffic graphs that
allow the administrator to pinpoint DDoS activity, understand its nature and
observe the effects of the appliance. Because the solution can drop traffic at
layers 3, 4 and 7, spoofing or application-based attacks are caught and stopped.
This is actually packet inspection – looking for malformed packets. However,
even though the FortiDDoS uses these techniques, it also uses some traditional
techniques, such as geo-location filtering and blacklisting.
Much of the product’s power resides in its layer 7 filtering. Heuristic filtering
addresses bot traffic, while operation code floods are blocked as well. All of
these filtering activities are shown clearly on the appliance’s traffic graphs.
Individual sessions can be analyzed with session diagnostics that allow drilldowns on, for example, source addresses. To the extent that this information is
available, it is very valuable for after-attack forensic analysis and tracing. In the
FortiDDoS, the data is available. And that makes it a powerful analytic tool, as
well as a protective device for the network.
We liked this for its original and common sense approach to a problem that
usually is not solvable – or, at least, easily solvable – by the usual methods of
blocking and filtering. Once deployed, this is an easy device to manage and tune
because it is replete with graphs and tables that show clearly what is actually happening on the wire. That makes tuning much more straightforward than tuning
and waiting to see if what one did caused unintended consequences.
If you are troubled by DDoS attacks, regardless of the size of your enterprise,
this just might be the solution for you.
– Peter Stephenson, technology editor
Events Seminars
A calendar of upcoming shows. To
have your event included, contact
scfeedbackUS@haymarketmedia.com
APRIL
MAY
August
2013
April 8-13
The most intense computer training experience to meet the needs
of today’s security professional.
Venue: Reston, Va.
Contact: sans.org/info/120972
May 13 – 15
The Upper Midwest Security
Alliance (UMSA) will celebrate
its eighth year during this event,
which offers more than 90 workshop and break-out learning
sessions in all areas of security
– IT, cloud, business continuity,
physical, risk management, etc.
Keynote speakers include Barry
Dorn, Harvard School of Public
Health; and Ron Plesco, cyber
investigations at KPMG.
Venue: Twin Cities
Contact: secure360.org/conference/registration
Aug. 1-4
The annual “Defense Condition”
event, considered the edgier sister
of Black Hat, focuses on network
hacking, protection and all manner
of cyber crime. Also on the schedule is emerging privacy strategies
and technologies to protect and
organize communications.
Venue: Las Vegas
Contact: defcon.org
»SANS Northern Virginia
»InfoSec World
Conference & Expo 2013
April 15-17
This year’s annual gathering
offers more than 60 sessions,
dozens of case studies, 11 indepth workshops, eight tracks
(including a hands-on track),
three co-located summits and
an exposition hall showcasing
products and services.
Venue: Orlando, Fla.
Contact: misti.com
»Secure360 Conference
June
»IT Executive
SANS Cyber Guardian
2013
April 15-20
The third annual SANS Cyber
Guardian event features four
baseline courses. All of the
courses offered at this gathering are associated with the GIAC
Certification, including hacker
techniques, perimeter protection,
forensic analysis and more.
Venue: Baltimore
Contact: sans.org/info/120987
Symposium at Cisco Live
June 11-13
IT has moved firmly to the
boardroom, influencing
organization-wide strategies with actionable data and
advanced analytics by defining
the next-level customer experience through the socialmobile network and with new,
cloud-enabled partnership and
business models. The gathering
is for senior executives focused
on best practices and trends.
Venue: San Diego
Contact: ciscolive.com/us/ites/
»AppSec 2013
July
»
April 22-27
AppSec 2013 will be held in
one of the live-music capitals
of the world. The format for
this year’s event will feature
training courses throughout
the week with summit sessions
in the evening, as well as panel
discussions.
Venue: Austin, Texas
Contact: sans.org/info/121002
»Black Hat USA 2013
July 27-Aug. 1
Black Hat returns for its 16th year
to bring together some of the
brightest coders, hackers and security pros for six days of learning,
networking and skill building. Four
days are set aside for training and
two for briefings.
Venue: Las Vegas
Contact: blackhat.com/us-13
»DefCon 21
»
SC Congress
Toronto 2013
June 11-12
SC Magazine has hosted
four two-day information
security events in Toronto,
making the upcoming
2013 conference and expo
the fifth year running. As
with past events, we cover
the most critical areas of
interest for our readers
and in-person attendees,
ensuring that we gather
the best and brightest
minds in both Canada
and the United States to
lead robust and informative talks.
From the
latest threats and critical
infrastructure security, to
mobile and cloud security,
to APTs and hacktivist
attacks, SC Congress
Toronto arms participants
with real-world experiences and actionable
insight to aid them in
undertaking their duties
more effectively.
Venue: Toronto
Contact: http://congress.
September
»
(ISC)² Security
Congress
Sept. 24-27
The third annual (ISC)² Security
Congress event offers invaluable
education to all levels of information security professionals. This
event – with nine conference
tracks – will provide information
security professionals with the
tools to strengthen their security
without restricting their business.
Colocated with the ASIS 2013
59th Annual Seminar and Exhibits, (ISC)² and ASIS International
have teamed up to offer this
comprehensive education and
networking event (golf on offer
as well).
Venue: Chicago
Contact: isc2.org/SecurityCongress.aspx
scmagazine.com
ADVERTISER INDEX
Company
Page
HID Global
URL
Back Cover
3M
www.hidglobal.com
Inside Front Cover
www.3Mscreens.com
Compliance Week Conference
19
www.complianceweek.com
ForeScout
7
www.forescout.com
IBM
5
www.ibm.com
SC Social Media
24
www.scmagazine.com
Inside Back Cover
www.scmagazine.com
SC Congress
www.scmagazine.com • April 2013 • SC 49
LastWord
June 11–12, 2013
Metro Toronto Convention Centre
www.sccongress.com/toronto
Cyber war, this is not
Espionage and
fraud in cyber is
not an armed
conflict, says
SystemExpert’s
Jonathan Gossels
W
e’ve all seen such
headlines as: “U.S.
General: Iranian
Cyber Attacks Are Retaliation For The Stuxnet Virus;
“Report on China spy threat
may make attackers have to
work harder”; and “The cyber
war is real – and our defenses
are weak.”
Those who believe the
current level of cyber attack is
“war” are missing the bigger
picture: War is war. People
die in wars. Countries disappear and new countries are
formed by war. People are
displaced by war. Fortunes
are made and fortunes are lost
in war.
What we are seeing is powerful nation-states recogniz-
Sa
a ve
on
ing that if you prepare to fight
the last war, you will lose the
next one. It is obvious that
rather than fighting only with
tanks, planes, ships, drones
and soldiers, the next war
will have a significant cyber
element. Countries will use
this new cyber element to
weaken their enemy’s critical
infrastructure, such as communications, power generation, banking, rail transport
and air traffic control. They
will also go after targeted
companies that develop and
produce weapons and emerging technologies.
Every major country is
creating both offensive and
defensive cyber measures.
The Stuxnet worm is a
clear example, reportedly
developed jointly by the U.S.
and Israel. It is a glimpse of
the capabilities and delivery
vehicles already on the shelf.
That attack was a surgical
strike on Iran’s nuclear facilities that caused centrifuges
to spin themselves apart. It
is only a glimpse, but already
the level of sophistication is
apparent.
Every weapon system in
development needs to be
tested. The defense capability
of its intended target needs to
be determined. Intelligence
estimates can only go so far.
One way to view the spate
of attacks on U.S. banks and
critical infrastructure is that
our enemies are testing their
cyber capabilities and assess-
50 SC • April 2013 • www.scmagazine.com
ing our vulnerability. At the
same time, none of the players
want to tip their hand and
reveal the true power of the
weapons they have developed.
In January, Iran reportedly launched attacks that
probed a wide range of
Western banks, but clearly
the level of attack, and its
brevity, fell far short of an act
of war. On the other hand,
the Chinese attacks, analyzed
and reported by Mandiant,
are a window into China’s
broad preparation for cyber
war and its current expansive
program of cyber espionage.
It is an unlikely coincidence
that Mandiant researchers
observed the hacker group,
known as APT1, stealing
western intellectual property
China, while
demanding
respect, has
no incentive
to blow up
the economy
of one of its
largest trading
partners...”
from companies in strategic
emerging industries that had
been identified in China’s
12th Five-Year Plan [submitted in March 2011 to the
National People’s Congress].
The recent Chinese attacks
can be viewed as a political
statement: China is saying,
“We are a cyber force to be
reckoned with.” It is essentially the same statement being
made in the recent dispute
with Japan over control of the
Senkaku Islands.
But, those Chicken Littles
who declare that “an all-out
cyber war has begun” fail to
recognize the interconnectedness and interdependence of
the major economies. China,
while demanding respect, has
no incentive to blow up the
economy of one of its largest
trading partners, and by
cascade, Europe, Canada, and
Mexico as well.
Similarly, many companies
have fallen victim to attacks
launched by organized crime
entities in Russia. These are
almost always commercial in
nature. As in most countries,
the government considers
these perpetrators to be
criminals. These attacks cannot in any way be considered
cyber warfare.
In short, we are seeing
cyber flexing and, in some
cases, war exercises, but not
cyber war.
MahDi,
GauSS, FlaMe,
Stuxnet…
nfeove
nt
r
en ren 5
ds ce 0
Ma p %
y 1 as
7t s!
h!
Advanced, state-sponsored attacks are
Di
sc
ou
co
emanating from all over the globe, and this
much is known: They are difficult to stop. In
the struggle for control of one’s online domain,
knowledge is power. And gaining insight into how
these sophisticated assaults operate is part
of the solution.
SC Congress can help:
n Participate in informative sessions
and keynotes
n Hear from thought-leading industry
speakers
n Earn educational credits
n Scour an exhibitor hall packed with
top vendors
Jonathan Gossels is president
and CEO of SystemExperts.
Register before May 17th to get an exclusive subscriber rate of $545, that’s over 50% off
the full rate! Use code EXCLUSIVE at http://congress.scmagazine.com/register
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