letter of transmittal - Mapúa Institute of Technology

Transcription

MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
School of Architecture, Industrial Design and the Built Environment
Muralla Street, Intramuros, Manila, Philippines
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
To: Arch. Carlos P. Sauco, UAP
Thesis Adviser
MIT, School of Architecture, Industrial Design and the Built Environment
Dear Sir:
In compliance with your requirements for ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 11 (AR200-2S), section AR1; I hereby present to you my thesis
work entitled: “Yakap- Bata: Proposed Caloocan City Halfway Home and Orphanage for Delinquent Youths”. I hope that this will prove to be
satisfactory.
Thank you.
Respectfully yours,
Approved by:
__________________________
Arch. Carlos P. Sauco
Thesis Adviser, AR200- 2S/ AR1
_______________________
Jodie Lou A. Lavaro
2008121401
____________________________
Arch. Perry E. Sanga
Panelist
_____________________________
Arch. Michelle P. Pernia
Panelist
___________________________
Arch. Sheila V. Elardo
Panelist
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..….. ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...….. v
ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….... vii
PART 1: THE PROPOSAL
CHAPTER 1: THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING ………………………………………………………………………………...……….............. 2
1.1. INTRODUCTION
1.2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
1.3. ASSUMPTIONS AND HYPOTHESES
1.4. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
1.5. DEFINITION OF TERMS
1.6. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
1.7. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ……………………………………………………………………………………...………... 8
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..... 13
CHAPTER 4: ANALYSIS, INTERPRETATION AND PRESENTATION OF DATA ……………………………………………………………… 15
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ……………………………………………………………………….. 31
PART 2: THE SITE
I.
INTTRODUCTION TO THE SITE …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 33
II.
SITE ANALYSIS ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 48
PART 3: CASE STUDIES
I.
FOREIGN CASE STUDY ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 51
II.
LOCAL CASE STUDY …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 60
PART 4: BUILDING USER PROGRAM
BUILDING USER PROGRAM …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 63
iii
PART 5: ARCHITECTURAL SOLUTION
I.
CONCEPT ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 69
II.
SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 70
III.
FLOOR PLANS ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 71
IV.
ELEVATIONS ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 74
V.
SECTIONS …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 76
VI.
PERSPECTIVES ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 77
VII. PRESENTATION BOARDS ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 82
BIBLIOGRAPHY ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….… 84
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This thesis proposal would not be possible without the help of many people namely:
Arch. Carlos Sauco, my thesis adviser, for his criticisms, guidance and encouragements throughout my three-month thesis agony. The
thought of having such an adviser like you inspired us to continue every time we thought of giving up;
Arch. Perry Sanga, Arch. Michelle Pernia and Arch. Sheila Elardo, my panellists, for the comments and suggestions to make this thesis
proposal more satisfactory;
Engr. Rolando Eduria, Engineering Head of Caloocan City Engineering Department, for helping me in choosing the feasible site for my
proposal;
Ms. Rowena Drilon, Head Social Worker of the Yakap- Bata Holding Center, and her colleagues, for giving me all the necessary
information I need to support this thesis proposal;
Ms. Lilian Bacay and Ms. Irene Miranda of Molave Youth Home, for allowing me to conduct my case study and for giving me some insights
about a youth home;
Ms. Marichu of Home of Joy for giving me some inputs about orphanages;
Brgy. Secretary Alvin Calayag of Brgy. 171, Caloocan City for helping me look for an appropriate site at the barangay;
The staff of DSWD- PDPB for providing me the requirements in putting up a home for the CICL;
The staff of Caloocan City Registry of Deeds for giving me a copy of TCT of my proposed site (even it’s prohibited);
John Paul Manalaysay for always being available to accompany me in every agency I need to go for this thesis proposal;
Rob Ritz Cruz, Victor John Causing and Abigail Macatangay for helping me in doing the working drawings for this project. Without your
v
help, I may not meet my deadline for deliberations;
My thesis classmates and the rest of my Mapuan friends for all their support and encouragements for me to finish this project and pass the
oral deliberations;
Althea Barin for always reminding how far I already went through with this course whenever I feel tired doing this proposal. Now it’s my
turn to return the favour;
My Zabarte Congregation of Jehovah’s Witnesses family for always being there to cheer me up every congregation meetings I attend
while I’m doing this project;
Lorraine Joy Lavaro- Bagalawis, my favourite sister, for your time and patience to proof read my thesis book. Sorry if there are a lot of
grammatical and paragraph organization errors. I’m just so blessed to have a linguist sister to correct all of those;
Jose Lavaro, my father, for the financial assistance;
Loida Lavaro, my mother, for all her support and encouragement, as well as for doing my household chores every time I’m not able to
because of my deadlines for school. You’re really the best;
And lastly to my heavenly Father, Jehovah, for always being there to lift me up and keep me going. May all the glory be with You.
vi
ABSTRACT
According to DSWD (Department of Social Welfare and Development), children as young as nine (9) years old are reported getting involved in
crimes. Most of them were charged with minor crimes such as petty theft, sniffing of glue or solvents, vagrancy and violation of curfew. In such
cases, these children were arrested and detained like adults. As of September 2005, there were over 4000 children in jail and detention centers all
over the country.
With this alarming situation of the juveniles, the Philippine government sought for a solution. In 2006, our country developed the Juvenile
Justice and Welfare System (R. A. 9344) which deals with the children-in-conflict-with-the-law (CICL) as well as the children at risk. As the law
“recognizes the vital role of children and youth in nation building and shall promote and protect their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual and social
well-being” (R. A. 9344, Sec. 2 (a)); this republic act intends to provide child-appropriate proceedings which include programs and services for
prevention, diversion, rehabilitation, reintegration and aftercare to ensure their normal growth and development.
However, years after this law has been passed, it is notable that the rate of CICL cases in our country becomes higher. According to the report
of the Philippine National Police, from the number of 1, 825 cases in 2007, it has grown into 5, 318 cases in 2011.
Key terms:
*therapeutic community approach of rehabilitation
*habitable shelter
*youth home
vii
Part I: Chapter 1
Chapter 1: The Problem and Its Setting
and violation of curfew. In such cases, these children were arrested
Title: “Yakap- Bata” : Proposed Caloocan City Halfway
and detained like adults. As of September 2005, over 4000 children
were in jail and detention centers all over the country.
Home and Orphanage for Delinquent Youths
Studies show that the families where these delinquent youths
(Creating a Habitable Shelter for the Children-in-Conflictwith-the-Law)
1.1.
came from are often harshly dysfunctional and relations between the
parents are seriously strained, often, to the point of separation. These
Introduction:
situations moved them to find a family outside their homes, but
unfortunately, what they found was a company of delinquents who
“Kabataan ang pag- asa ng bayan (The youth is the hope of the
present them the techniques, values and beliefs of delinquency.
nation).” This famous line of Dr. Jose Rizal reminds every Filipino of
With this alarming situation of the juveniles, the Philippine
the worth of our young ones in the community. He believed that these
government sought for a solution. In 2006, our country developed the
future generation is the key to the betterment of our country. But what
Juvenile Justice and Welfare System (R. A. 9344) which deals with the
if these said future hopes of our country become the nuisance of our
children-in-conflict-with-the -aw (CICL) as well as the children at risk.
community?
This republic act aims to provide child-appropriate proceedings which
and
include programs and services for prevention diversion, rehabilitation,
Development (DSWD), children as young as nine (9) years old are
reintegration and aftercare to ensure their normal growth and
reported getting involved in crimes. Most of them were charged with
development. Thus, the law “recognizes the vital role of children and
minor crimes such as petty theft, sniffing of glue or solvents, vagrancy
youth in nation building and shall promote and protect their physical,
According
to
the
Department
of
Social
Welfare
2
YAKAP- BATA: Caloocan City Halfway Home and Orphanage for Delinquent Youths
Part I: Chapter 1
moral, spiritual, intellectual and social well-being” (R. A. 9344, Sec. 2
(a)).
This proclamation seeks to extend technical and financial
assistance to the “pilot areas based on high incidence of CICL” in
However, years after this law has been ratified, the rate of CICL
Metro Manila (DSWD, 2010). Caloocan city, one of these “pilot areas”,
cases in our country continues to increase. According to the report of
was the first Local Government Unit (LGU) in NCR to be provided with
the Philippine National Police, from 1, 825 cases in 2007, it has grown
financial assistance by this project. This was made official after
into 5, 318 cases in 2011.
Caloocan City Mayor Enrico Echiverri signed a Memorandum of
Since these children are not allowed to be put into jail, the
Agreement (MOA) with DSWD-NCR Regional Director Ma. Alicia S.
DSWD considered the provision of rehabilitation homes for them.
Bonoan on December 29, 2011. This agreement allows the
Along with this, intensive treatment and separation from family and the
establishment of “Yakap-Bata Holding Center”, a halfway home that
community should be observed to ensure full advantage of the
will house the delinquent youths of the city.
program.
With the “Yakap-Bata Holding Center” now present in the city, a
In support to this, the government mandated the DSWD to
decline in the number of CICL was expected; however, statistics
establish Regional Rehabilitation Center for Youth (RRCY) under
showed otherwise. In two years of its operation, rapid increase in the
Article 2002 of the Child and Youth Welfare Code. However in 2011,
rate of CICL startled the Caloocan City government and DSWD. This
DSWD Undersecretary Alicia R. Bala (also the concurrent Chairperson
proliferation of delinquency among youths created problems not just in
of the Juvenile Justice and Welfare Council), proclaimed that the
the community but also inside the holding center. These problems
council will prioritize establishment of halfway homes to offer habitable
were often blamed to overcrowding, incidence of absconds, lack of
shelters instead of jails for CICL in every city and municipality.
security, among others, which led to a proposal of a new “Yakap- Bata
3
Part I: Chapter 1
Halfway Home and Orphanage” for these delinquent youths.
through its architectural design?
- After rehabilitation, if a child belongs to a malfunctioned family or
1.2.
Statement of the Problem:
does not have a family, will allowing them to be adopted give them a
brighter future?
Since the problem persists in the city, the local government
aims to find a solution to the problem. Thus, the Yakap- Bata Holding
- Is the society open for the adoption of such delinquents after their
rehabilitation?
Center was established in 2009 at the second floor of the rear building
of the city hall. In two (2) years now, statistics showed that the number
1.3.
Assumptions and hypotheses:
of delinquent youths in the city are increasing. This called the attention
of the officials with regards to the effectivity and efficiency of the
- The current Yakap Bata Holding Center of Caloocan City is
current holding center:
insufficient to house the juvenile youths in the city such that there
•
Is the current Yakap Bata Holding Center of Caloocan
exists a necessity to establish a rehabilitation center.
City now insufficient to house the juvenile youths in the city such
- Therapeutic community approach of rehabilitation can be applied
that there already exists a necessity to establish a rehabilitation
through architecture.
center?
- The youths can have a “homely” atmosphere in the shelter through
- Can the “therapeutic community approach of rehabilitation” be
good architectural design.
applied through architecture?
- Allowing the children to be adopted after rehabilitation can give them
- Can the children have a “homely” atmosphere while inside the center
a brighter future if they have no relatives or they belong to an abusive
4
Part I: Chapter 1
family.
1.5.
1.4.
Definition of Terms:
Significance and Importance of the Study:
•
Since the current situation in the Yakap- Bata Holding Center
found to be a problem, this research aims to sight what changes must
secretly and hide one.
•
be made to create a habitable shelter for the delinquents, a place
secured enough to prevent the cases of absconds without making
Abscond (Meriam- Webster Dictionary) - to depart
Child (R.A. 9344, Sec. 4) – refers to a person under
the age of eighteen (18).
•
Halfway Home (Meriam- Webster Dictionary) - a
them feel that they are in jail. Aside from that, this research also aims
residence for individuals after release from institutionalization
to find out the possibility of adoption among rehabilitated delinquent
(as for mental disorder, drug addiction, or criminal activity) that
youths. Thus, the halfway home will also serve as an orphanage for
is designed to facilitate their readjustment to private life.
them.
•
The study will benefit mainly the delinquent juvenile youths of
Caloocan City. This research can also help the local government unit
•
Webster
Dictionary)
-
an
Juvenile
(Meriam-
Webster
Dictionary)
-
physiologically immature or undeveloped.
•
funded by the local government unit and the DSWD (Department of
Social Welfare and Development).
(Meriam-
institution for the care of orphans.
of Caloocan City in providing good shelter for the CICL. Thus, making
the facility well- maintained without large cost since its operation will be
Orphanage
Delinquent (Meriam- Webster Dictionary) - a young
person who regularly does illegal or immoral things.
•
Children In- Conflict with the Law or CICL (R.A. 9344,
5
Part I: Chapter 1
•
Sec. 4e) - refers to a child who is alleged as, accused of, or
families and communities as socially functioning individuals.
adjudged as, having committed an offense under Philippine
Physical mobility of residents of said centers may be restricted
laws.
pending court disposition of the charges against them.
Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act (R.A. 9344, Sec.
Holding Center (dictionary.com)- place where people
4m) - refers to a system dealing with children at risk and
are detained when suspected of a crime, awaiting trial or
children in conflict with the law, which provides child-appropriate
sentencing, etc. (detention center)
proceedings, including programs and services for prevention,
•
•
•
Foster
(Meriam-
Webster
Dictionary)-
affording,
diversion, rehabilitation, re-integration and aftercare to ensure
receiving, or sharing nurture or parental care though not related
their normal growth and development.
by blood or legal ties.
Youth Rehabilitation Center (R.A. 9344, Sec. 4t) refers to a 24-hour residential care facility managed by the
1.6.
Scope and Limitations:
Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD),
LGUs, licensed and/or accredited NGOs monitored by the
Due to limited time frame for the research, the proponent will
DSWD, which provides care, treatment and rehabilitation
only discuss the condition of juvenile youths in Caloocan City. The
services for children in conflict with the law. Rehabilitation
research work was made within three months from January 2012 to
services are provided under the guidance of a trained staff
March 2012. In this time period, the proponent made sufficient data
where residents are cared for under a structured therapeutic
gathering that supports the claim in constructing a habitable yet
environment with the end view of reintegrating them into their
economical juvenile delinquent center. The said center must also
6
Part I: Chapter 1
comply with all policies and regulations as ordered by the local and
1.7.
Conceptual Framework:
national government.
After sufficient research and data gathering, the proponent is
expected to make a design solution. The design will only focus on its
architectural scope. It will not cover the electrical, mechanical,
INPUTS
Problem:
-increasing number of delinquent youths in the city
-insufficient space allotted for the current holding center for the youths
-absence of a halfway house
structural, sanitary and other designs that are beyond the control of the
proponent.
PROCESSES
-research and data gathering
-conducting of interviews and surveys
-formulation of architectural solution
OUTPUTS
-habitable halfway home and orphanage for the delinquent
youths of Caloocan City
7
Part I: Chapter 2
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature
keeping them drug-free. As a result, rehabilitated youths are then
2.1. “Community-Based Drug Treatment and Rehabilitation
returned to their families and peers, and readjusted into the community
Center” by Djhoanna Louis O. Baccay, Mapua Institute of
Technology, 2008
A community-based drug treatment and rehabilitation center is
defined as any of the accredited residential or non-residential health
facility inside a community and/or subdivision, institution, agency, and
as law abiding, positive, functional and dynamic citizens. Drug
treatment and rehabilitation center is also a place where one can rest
& recuperate from illness or accident or addiction or an affliction.
Mostly, it serves as a place where one learns the skills in facing their
disability be it physical ailment, perceived addiction or accident.
the like, which undertake treatment of drug dependents. It offers widerange and comprehensive rehabilitation services using, among others,
any of the accepted modalities: multidisciplinary group approach,
restorative community approach and/or spiritual services towards the
rehabilitation of a drug dependent. Likewise, implementation of an antioppressive organizational structure in a youth shelter is also
encouraged.
Fig.1.2.1. Common
Illegal Drugs
Aspirations of the rehabilitation centers include development of
art skills and technical know-how; therapy and counseling; and/or
inculcating civic, social, and moral values to drug dependent patients
with the intention of weaning them away from dangerous drugs and
8
Part I: Chapter 2
According to the Anti-Narcotics Group of the Philippine National
possibilities of having physical activity as an intervention for violence
Police (PNP), of the 80 million Filipinos, around 1.8 million are regular
among out-of-school-youths. It was aimed mainly on developing the
drug users from the year 2000 up to the present. Of this number, only
first ever research-based anti youth violence program, specifically
0.27% is confined in drug rehabilitation centers. Most of the drug
designed for the target out-of-school-youth group.
dependents (63.45%) are in the National Capital Region consisting of
students, out-of- school youths, and employed and unemployed
members of society.
Data were gathered from 35 out-of-school youth aging from 1321 years old who already have criminal records.
This study established the relationship between physical activity
Since one of the causes of CICL cases is drug addiction, this
participation and violence. It implemented the influences of physical
research will indeed help the proponent on how to create a facility for
activity participation towards violence of the youth with aggression,
them in order to provide an opportunity for the drug- addicted individual
socio-economic status, alcoholic exposure and violence susceptibility
to attain their physical, psychological, emotional and spiritual
as moderating variables.
regeneration. Thus, the proponent can design the facility for them in a
way that it will help them recover in a much lesser period of time.
It is essential to consider how the design, location, and funding
of sporting and recreational infrastructure contribute to social cohesion,
and in order to avoid taking sport and physical activity out of their
2.2. “Development of a Physical Activity Program for Delinquent
social context,. They represent the value of community development
Out-of-School-Youth: Intervention for Violence” by Leonard
approaches to tailor programs to particular needs. Nevertheless, this
Syndrick H. Pajo, 2009
should not prevent us from suggesting common strategies and
It was a descriptive-correlational study exploring the
processes, and collecting examples of good practice.
9
Part I: Chapter 2
This thesis focused on the significant role of physical activity on
treatment for the juvenile delinquency. It recommends that the
implementation, family relations and parenting skills improvement, and
restorative justice application for both perpetrators and victims.
developed program be anchored on physical activities with negative
correlation towards violence such as basketball, hip-hop, and cheer
dance, and that the developed program is implemented.Through the
proponent’s consideration on these, she can allot enough spaces for
Fig.1.2.2.
Delinquent
Youths in the
Philippines
physical activity in her design of a juvenile center.
2.3. “Juvenile Delinquency” by World Youth Report, 2009
The Chapter 7 of “Juvenile Delinquency” published on 2009,
stated that delinquent and criminal behaviour among young people
This study identifies the causes and conditions related to the
arouse as they negotiate the transition from childhood to adulthood in
formation of delinquent trajectories found in the society as a whole,
an increasingly complex and confusing world. Some basic assumptions
social institutions, social groups and organizations, and interpersonal
relating to delinquent behaviour are presented, followed by a
relations. Juveniles’ choice of delinquent careers and the consequent
description of the various factors underlying or contributing to this
perpetuation of delinquency are fostered by a wide range of factors. It
phenomenon. Effective approaches and measures for preventing
solely discussed the different social interventions of youth that causes
juvenile delinquency are detailed with particular attention given to the
juvenile delinquency. The proponent’s knowledge on the people who
educational and professional development, community programs
will benefit in the facility to be designed can be of great advantage to
10
Part I: Chapter 2
satisfy the users.
reducing building impacts on human health and the environment during
the building’s lifecycle, through better sitting, design, construction,
2.4. “Eco- Torre: An Archetype for Green Building Design in the
operation, maintenance, and removal”. Recognizing the advantage of
Philippines” by Paulo Miguel D.L. Sembrano, Mapua Institute of
this practice, this thesis intends to implement the said design in the
Technology, September 2009
proposed halfway home. With this method, the CICL shelter is
“Currently, the trends towards the strong campaign for green
expected to be habitable, sustainable and economical which can be
living resulted immense initiatives of the public, their interest on green
done through the support and funding of the local government unit of
practices led the public to the awareness on the green principles and
Caloocan and the DSWD.
technologies. However due to the abundance of tools, materials and
technology that facilitates green building, and with no distinct and
2.5. “DSWD turns-over P2.5M assistance for construction of
recognized guidelines in the Philippines, this creates confusions
BahayPag-Asa” by http://www.ncr.dswd.gov.ph, January 2012
amongst the public on which design principles and green technologies
they will use. The reasons for these failures include short- term
financial considerations, lack of expertise, lack of awareness or
preference for and adherence to traditional practices.” (Sembrano,
The Department of Social Welfare and Development in the
National Capital Region (DSWD-NCR) released financial assistance to
the City of Caloocan for the construction of a half-way home for the
children-in-conflict-with-the-law (CICL).
2009)
Green building refers to the “practice of increasing the efficiency
with which buildings use resources- energy, water and materials- while
11
Part I: Chapter 2
Both parties have agreed that the “DSWD will provide
This project is in line with the implementation of R. A. 9344
technical assistance to the Caloocan LGU relative to the construction
wherein LGUs are required to allot a budget for construction of youth
and operation” of the said facility.
detention homes.
“The Caloocan City on the other hand, shall implement the
This news article helps the proponent in establishing her
construction, issue a resolution for the city to shoulder the
research proposal. This serves as a supplement to her argument on
maintenance, other operating expenses and personnel services. It will
the need for a rehabilitation center for the youths in Caloocan which is
also provide counterpart by identifying the construction site with a
supported by the claim stated in the article that “the City of Caloocan is
minimum land requirement of 1,000 sq. meters, provide for the
the first LGU in NCR to be provided with financial assistance” through
program materials, and salary and benefits of the staff (of the facility).”
this project of DSWD due to the high density of CICL rates. This also
serves as reference on the things to be observed and implemented on
her design proposal as agreed upon the MOA signed by DSWD and
the LGU.
Fig.1.2.3. DSWD
and Caloocan
LGU MOA
signing
12
Part I: Chapter 3
Chapter 3: Methodology
3.1.
Methodology of Research:
3.2.
Method of Collecting Data:
The method of collecting data to be used by the proponent will
In this study, the proponent will use the descriptive research
be an extensive research accompanied by interviews and survey. This
method. The descriptive method of research attempts to systematically
includes visits to various libraries and government agencies such as
describe a situation, problem, phenomenon, service or program, or
the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD),
provides information on the living condition of a community, or
Philippine National Police, and the Local Government Unit (LGU) of
describes attitudes towards an issue. There is no experimental
Caloocan and some Non- Government Organizations (NGO) to
manipulation or any random selection of groups, as there is in
conduct studies and interviews regarding the matters to be discussed.
experimental research. This involves collection of data that will provide
Also, the proponent will prepare questionnaires for the CICL currently
an account or description of individuals, groups or situations. As this
handled by the Caloocan City Yakap- Bata Holding Center to conduct a
study was concerned to the present condition of the juvenile youths in
survey on their preferences for a juvenile center. A set of
Caloocan City, this method of research is the most accurate technique
questionnaires was prepared for the house parents, social workers,
to be used. The proponent will use methods of collecting data to gather
and other concerned personnel of the facility to determine their
necessary information to prove that a new and larger juvenile center is
preferences for the center and their ideas on what to apply on the
needed in the said city. After the proponent has collected all the data,
structure to ensure safety and comfort for the youngsters. A survey
she will then compare and analyze them to come up with the most
was also administered to the residents of Barangay 28 to know their
appropriate solution to the problem.
opinion on the proposed juvenile center in their place. To make the
research more viable, the proponent will also conducted a survey to
13
Part I: Chapter 3
the general public of about fifty (50) to eighty (80) respondents to
confirm if the adoption for the rehabilitated youths is possible.
14
Part I: Chapter 4
Chapter 4: Analysis, Interpretation and Presentation of
Data
“Crime and delinquency is rising due to socio- economic
problems and other related factors. The continuing and consistent
breakdown of traditional groups and institutions particularly in the
family as well as the weakening of support system in the community
contribute to the problems of delinquency.” (Regional Rehabilitation
CASES
NO. OF REPORTED CICL
Rape
323
Attempted Rape
27
Acts of Lasciviousness
67
Physical Injuries/ Maltreatment
726
Murder
45
Attempted Murder
17
Theft
2366
Robbery
325
R. A. 9165 (Prohibited Drugs)
99
National Police, the rate of CICL has rapidly increased. From a number
P. D. 1619 (Illegal Use of Rugby)
106
of 1, 825 in 2007, it rose into 5, 318 in 2011. In five years’ time, a
Seduction
3
significant increase of 3, 943 was reported.
Grave Threats
57
Abduction
6
Homicide
49
Malicious Mischief
84
Estafa
11
Center for Youth Manual, DSWD)
According to the annual comparative report of the Philippine
Below is the table that shows the different cases that CICL got
involved with:
Cases involving CICL in the Philippines (2011)
15
Part I: Chapter 4
Vagrancy
19
with were theft (2, 366), physical injuries/ maltreatment (726), and
P. D. 1866 (Illegal Possession of
32
robbery (325).
P. D. 1602 (Illegal Gambling)
24
Caloocan City CICL Situation
Others
932
Firearms)
Children-in-Conflict-with-the-Law in the City of Caloocan were
first supervised by a coordinator of the DSWD-NCR and a focal
person of the Caloocan City Social Welfare Department who was not a
Social Worker. Most of the referrals from the national office were put in
the custody of the rehabilitation homes; however, there are reported
CICL in city jail and jails from sub-stations in Caloocan. Investigations
along with jail visits and interviews were conducted by the Unit Offices
of CCSWD (Caloocan City Social Welfare and Development) to
salvage these minors from jail. Immediate release of the minors was
processed and custody was then transferred to CCSWD. The
department made an improvised room using a cubicle inside its office
Source: PNP- WCPC (2012)
Fig.1.4.1. Annual comparative statistics of CICL in the Philippines
The data shows that the top three (3) cases CICL got involved
for the released minors which started in May 2009 with the assistance
of PREDA Foundation. From then on, series of group sessions were
regularly conducted and legal assistance to these minors were
16
Part I: Chapter 4
provided. The Yakap Bata Holding Center was established in
difference. We can see that majority of the reported cases involve
December 2009 but formally opened on February 16, 2010 in time
male children. The record indicates 164 males out of 173 in 2009, 335
with the celebration of Caloocan City Founding Day. (City Head Social
males out of 351 in 2010, and 315 males out of 321 in 2011.
Worker, Rowena Drilon, 2012)
According to the report submitted by the City Head Social
Worker, Ms. Rowena Drilon, by the time they handled the Holding
Center, the number of CICL in Caloocan is rapidly increasing. This is
Source: Caloocan
City Social Welfare
and Development
(2012)
shown in the table below:
YEAR
2009
173
2010
351
2011
321
Fig.1.4.3. Increase of reported CICL cases from 2009 to 2011 showing the
male and female CICL rate difference
Drilon also noted that large number of the CICL admitted
were fifteen (15) years old and above as presented on the following
Source: Caloocan City Social Welfare and Development (2012)
tables:
The graph below, on the other hand, shows the rate of increase
YEAR
of reported CICL cases in the city indicating the male- female
(15 years and below)
Source: Caloocan
City Social
17 Welfare
and Development
(2012)
Part I: Chapter 4
2009
30
2010
48
2011
66
YEAR
(15 years and above)
2009
141
2010
301
2011
255
Source: Caloocan
City Social Welfare
and Development
(2012)
Fig.1.4.4. Increase of
reported CICL cases
aged 15 years and
above from 2009 to
2011 showing the
male and female
CICL rate difference
Source: Caloocan
City Social Welfare
and Development
(2012)
Source: Caloocan
City Social Welfare
and Development
(2012)
Fig.1.4.5. Increase of
reported CICL cases
aged 15 years and
below from 2009 to
2011 showing the
male and female
CICL rate difference
The succeeding figures show the difference of female and
male rate of CICL based on their age groups:
Based on the data of admitted clients, most of them came
from the following:
18
Part I: Chapter 4
1. Broken families wherein parents are separated and with families of
their own;
The type of offense suspected involvement of CICL from 2009 to
2011 is said to be the following:
2. Guardians are usually grandparents, aunts or uncles;
TYPE OF OFFENSE
NO. OF CICL
Theft
309
Robbery
99
Robbery/ Hold- up
28
Robbery Snatching
47
Physical Injury
37
Illegal Possession of Firearms
and Ammunition/ R. A. 8294
33
Illegal Possession of Illegal Drugs
45
Frustrated Murder
23
11. Most of them have no copy of birth certificates and not registered.
Frustrated Homicide
10
12. The minor came from the first family of his/her mother or father.
Attempted Homicide
5
Murder
37
3. Indigent and large number of families in their communities;
4. From depressed areas;
5. Out-of-school-youths with elementary as the highest educational
attainment;
6. Influenced by peers, drugs or alcohol;
7. Few admitted their offense committed. They usually named other
person that they were the one who did the crime;
8. Used by adults to be involved in the acts of crime;
9. Family situations force them to commit the offense e.g. no money to
buy food and other basic needs;
10. Avenge to those who mauled their friends;
19
Part I: Chapter 4
Car napping
8
Gambling/ R. A. 1602
7
Homicide
Robbery Homicide
Reckless Imprudence Resulting to
Homicide
1
Acts of Lasciviousness
7
Consented Abduction
2
7
8
Attempted Murder
5
Assault
3
The above data revealed that the top three (3) criminal
offenses CICL in Caloocan are involved with are Theft (309), Robbery
Anti- trafficking in Person
2
Rape
27
Concealing
1
Arson
4
(99), and Robbery Snatching (47). Most of them reside in District II
(South Caloocan).
The report also noted the barangays with the highest
incidence of CICL from 2009 to 2011. These are as follows:
Attempted Robbery
6
Illegal Possession of Deadly
Weapon/ BP 6
1
Trespassed to Dwelling
2
Malicious Mischief/ Alarm Scandal
11
BARANGAY
NO. OF CICL
BARANGAY
NO. OF CICL
4
2
18
11
5
5
19
2
8
6
20
2
20
Part I: Chapter 4
11
2
21
2
54
2
98
1
12
11
22
3
55
1
101
2
14
10
24
3
56
4
113
2
16
1
26
2
59
1
118
8
17
3
28
30
63
1
120
3
29
4
67
4
125
1
155
4
31
1
69
1
126
1
156
1
32
2
70
2
127
1
160
4
33
1
71
2
131
2
161
2
34
2
73
12
133
1
163
1
35
19
74
1
138
1
164
2
37
4
75
2
141
2
166
3
40
1
81
9
142
1
167
3
46
2
87
2
143
2
168
6
50
1
95
1
144
2
170
4
21
Part I: Chapter 4
Common Problems and Situations in Handling CICL's in Caloocan
145
2
171
15
146
2
172
1
148
1
174
1
149
2
175
7
2. Minors find ways to get cigarettes and other things from outside the
151
8
176
31
center through dropping improvised string/rope to the minors they
177
1
183
3
know from outside of the center;
178
31
185
7
1. Frequent misbehaviour of admitted children especially those with
six years and above penalty;
3. Number of clients exceeded from the target clients.
4. Weak facility.
179
2
186
2
180
1
187
1
181
1
188
5
6. No medical personnel to handle medical needs of residents.
182
1
Outside Caloocan
55
7. No separate room for children below 15 yrs. old.
5. No beds in Dorm B because it was destroyed by the residents.
Beds were also made of light materials.
8. No counselling room/No clinic
9. \Majority of the minors admitted have similar behavior with
The data above shows that the top three (3) barangays with
the highest CICL incidence were Barangay 176 (31), Barangay 178
(31), and Barangay 28 (30) which happens to have a large number of
adult offenders in jail.
10. No regular livelihood activity
11. Incidence of absconds (before)
depressed communities.
22
Part I: Chapter 4
12. Fumes/smoke coming from welding which is hazardous to the
Basic Services provided to the Admitted Clients:
health of minors and staff
13. No fire exits/No fire equipment
14. Long stay of admitted clients
A. Social Service - facilitates the admission and intake interview,
regular group session focused on values formation and
personality development, individual and group counselling,
Common Reasons for Long Stay of Admitted Clients:
psychological evaluation, referral to other agencies, and assist
CICLs in attending court hearings aimed at restoring child's
1. No family or relatives that could take the child especially those with
sense of dignity and worth.
offense in the barangay level only
2. Postponement of hearing schedules;
3. Delayed court proceedings. Long waiting of brt ch for the CICL to
file Motion for Release on Recognizance;
B. Home life Service - Allows the children to feel home life by
providing them with the family atmosphere that includes
provision of basic needs such as food, clothing and toiletries.
4. Long period of time producing Birth Certificate of CICL.
Daily structured activities and chores are given to the children
5. Wrong information provided by the CICL, e.g. addresses and
as part of individual development.
families.
C. Medical and Dental - Respond to medical and dental needs of
clientele through referrals such as tooth extraction, emergency
case in need of hospitalization, and other concerns related.
23
Part I: Chapter 4
D. Legal Service - provides legal assistance to clients through
referrals in form of legal opinions and counselling, and lawyer's
•
• Additional rooms - counselling/isolation, clinic and for below 15
services
E. Spiritual Development - activities that help children enhance
their moral and spiritual development through the assistance of
some volunteer religious groups and non-government agencies.
F. Alternative Learning System - started in November 2011 every
Wednesday and Friday conducted by a Houseparent
Must be concrete walls, grilled doors
years old
•
All plugs and switches should be placed outside the dorms and
session room to be controlled by the center staff.
• There should be fire exits and fire equipment
• There should be circuit breakers for heavy equipment
2. There is a need for augmentation funds for the maintenance and
regular developments of the center.
3. Implementation of regular skills training and livelihood programs for
The above situations are included in the report made by the CSW
Head. Based on the information stated above, CCSWD came up with the
recommendations stated below.
the residents.
4. There should be a regular teacher for Alternative Learning
System. These minors should be busy the whole day to minimize
untoward acts.
Recommendation
1. There is a need for immediate renovation or transfer of the center to
5. There is a need for additional Social Workers and Psychologist.
6. Need for Visiting Physician for regular weekly check-up.
a more conducive and wider place.
24
Part I: Chapter 4
It is clear that a construction for a new rehabilitation home for the
CICL in Caloocan is necessary. The data presented on this report
created by Ms. Rowena Drilon shows that the current Yakap- Bata
Holding Center is already inadequate for the juveniles.
Surveys
To strengthen the information, four sets of survey questionnaires
were designed for different types of respondents.
The first set was provided for the chosen barangay site to know the
opinion of its residents with the construction of the facility. Fifty
households are asked to answer five questions. The respondents’ age
ranges from 11 to 79 years old with different socio- economic status.
The data gathered are as follows:
25
Part I: Chapter 4
The second set of questionnaires was designed for the workers in
the current Yakap- Bata Holding Center. A number of 20 respondents
(staff, house parents and social workers) with ages 19 to 56 years old
were asked the following questions:
26
Part I: Chapter 4
27
Part I: Chapter 4
28
Part I: Chapter 4
The last set of questionnaires was designed for the general public.
A group of 30 respondents with ages ranging from 20 to 61 years old
were asked the following questions:
29
Part I: Chapter 4
Site Criteria
Based on the DSWD RRCY Manual, Bahay Pag-asa
Construction Guidelines, and the MOA of the Caloocan LGU and
DSWD- NCR, the following must be considered in selecting the site for
the proposal:
1. High incidence of CICL in the area
2. Located in a residential area
3. Accessible
to
work
opportunities,
public
transportation,
shopping, market and medical facilities
4. Accessible to the DSWD City Office
5. Not to be located on areas characterized by high crime or
extreme poverty
6. At least 1, 000 sq. m. area
30
Part I: Chapter 5
Chapter 5: Conclusions, Findings and
Recommendations
Conclusions and Findings:
Based on the data presented in this research, the proponent
therefore concludes the following:
1. The analysis regarding the condition of the current holding
center clearly shows that it is already insufficient for its
residents. Crowded dormitories, lacking of facilities as well as
high incidence of absconds became the major problems with the
structure which also affects the rehabilitation of the children.
2. The staff, house parents, as well as the social workers of the
current holding center believes that proper planning of the new
Recommendations:
Youths, being an important asset of the society must be given
attention especially if they begin to act delinquently. Creating a
comfortable shelter and providing them a good quality of living can
be a great help in preparing them to be good citizens.
The proponent found out in this research that a habitable
halfway home was needed for the juveniles of Caloocan. Thus,
applying architectural principles such as sustainable and green
design can make this possible. Furthermore, incorporation of an
orphanage in the halfway home opens the opportunity to find new
families who will adopt them and give them new lives.
halfway home can help them for better monitoring of the
children.
3. Out of 105 respondents, 56 of them answered that they are
willing to adopt the rehabilitated youngsters. Those who
answered no often reasoned out their financial incapacity for not
adopting the child.
31
Part II: The Site
i. INTRODUCTION TO THE SITE:
foothills of Marikina, San Mateo and Montalban in the east; from
Historical Background of the City
Tinajeros, Tanza and Tala Rivers in the North; San Francisco del
Numerous stories and beliefs on how Caloocan got its
present name had been passed on from generation to generation.
Monte, Sampalok, Sta. Cruz and Tondo in the south; and DagatDagatan or Aromahan in the west.
Some says that it started as a humble barrio in the town of Tondo
Caloocan was part of history, which was unfolded during the
located in a ‘libis’ (lowland), which was known to be ‘Libis Espina’ or
1896 Philippine Revolution. The first settlement in Libis Espina,
‘Aromahan’. Others say that Caloocan originated either from the
established by oppressed people from Tondo, sought refuge in the
Tagalog word ‘look’ meaning bay or ‘sulok’ meaning corner. Caloocan
thorny shores of Dagat-Dagatan. They climbed the hills for more arable
might have meant ‘nasa sulok’ or in the corner since Caloocan is
lands only to find out that these had titles under the name of the
located where the ends of the old town of Tondo and Tambobong (now
Hacienda de Maysilo. Then they fought their landlords for a hundred
Malabon) meet.
years until Andres Bonifacio led the Katipuneros to that fateful day of
At the end of the 18th century, the fishermen of Aromahan
August 30, 1896 in Balintawak. The Filipino forces in Caloocan
climbed up the hills to open homesteads in Caloocan. Here, the land
participated actively in Intramuros siege of the Spanish forces in
was free of thorny plants that infested the banks/ shorelines and
Manila until their surrender to the Americans on August 13, 1898. On
although the hill was naturally stony, some form of agriculture was
January 11, 1899, the people of Caloocan showed resistance to
possible and fishermen became farmers.
Americans who were bent on extending their supremacy over the
In 1815, Caloocan was separated from Tondo and became
country. When the Americans seized the railroad yards that stood
an independent municipality. Its original territory extended to the
33
Part II: The Site
between them and the fleeing Emilio Aguinaldo, the men of Caloocan
fought the new invaders on February 23, 1899 in a counter-attack .
In 1901, under the American Regime, Caloocan became
one of the towns of the Province of Rizal. Due to the consolidation of
several municipalities, Novaliches became part of Caloocan pursuant
Fig.2.1. Caloocan City
Geographical Location Map
to Act 942, as amended by Acts 984 and 1008 of the Philippine
Commission. In 1939, pursuant to Commonwealth Act 502, which
created Quezon City as Capital of the Philipines, Caloocan lost the
following barrios or sitios, namely: Balingasa, Kaingin, Kangkong, La
Loma, Malamig, Matalahib, Masambong, San Isidro, San Jose, Santol
and Tatalon.
In 1949, boundaries of Quezon City were redefined
pursuant to Republic Act 392 as recommended by the Capital City
Then in 1961, the late Mayor Macario B. Asistio, Sr., led the
Planning Commission. Caloocan again lost several barrios, namely:
people of Caloocan to turn the historic town into a city through a
Baesa, Bagbag, Bahay-Toro, Banlat, Novaliches, Pasong Tamo, San
plebiscite held in accordance with House Bill 6038, which was passed
Bartolome and Talipapa. This explains why the City of Caloocan has
and approved by both chambers of the defunct Philippine Congress.
two separate territories.
Caloocan has a combined total land area of 5,333.40 hectares and is
34
Part II: The Site
located at the northern part of the National Capital Region (NCR,
Region IV-A).
South Caloocan is bounded on the north-northwest by
Valenzuela, Malabon and Navotas; on the east by Quezon City; and on
the south by the City of Manila. The greatest length, north to south of
the boundaries is about six kilometers and the greatest width, east to
west is seven kilometers. (See Map No. 3) North Caloocan, on the
other hand, is bounded on the north-northwest by the province of
Bulacan; on the south-southeast by Quezon City; and southwest by
Valenzuela. Its extreme southern boundary is about 1.7 Kilometers
apart from the northern extreme boundary of South Caloocan. The
greatest length, north to south of the boundaries is eight kilometers
and the greatest width, east to west is ten kilometers.
Geographical Location and Land Area
Caloocan has a combined total land area of 5,333.40 hectares and is
located at the northern part of the National Capital Region (NCR,
Region IV-A). The city is divided into two geographic locations, namely:
South Caloocan, with an area of 1,362.50 hectares and North
Fig.2.2. Original City Territorial Boundaries
Caloocan, with an area of 3,970.90 hectares. South Caloocan is
35
Part II: The Site
bounded on the north-northwest by Valenzuela, Malabon and Navotas;
South Caloocan:
on the east by Quezon City; and on the south by the City of Manila.
The topography of South Caloocan is characterized to have a
The greatest length, north to south of the boundaries is about six
westward trend of flat lands covering a land area of about 1,001.64
kilometers and the greatest width, east to west is seven kilometers.
hectares or 74.25% of the whole southern portion of the city, with
North Caloocan, on the other hand, is bounded on the north-northwest
slopes ranging from 0% to 3%. Being flat and highly accessible to
by the province of Bulacan; on the south-southeast by Quezon City;
neighboring cities and municipalities, these broadly level lands cover
and southwest by Valenzuela. Its extreme southern boundary is about
most of the commercial and industrial establishments in the city. Along
1.7 Kilometers apart from the northern extreme boundary of South
the North Diversion Road, the topography of South Caloocan,
Caloocan. The greatest length, north to south of the boundaries is
gradually changes into gently to moderately sloping to rolling, with
eight kilometers and the greatest width, east to west is ten kilometers.
slopes ranging from 3 to 18%. Adjacent to residential and industrial
areas within the sector, vast tracts of land still exist. Also in these
areas lies the highest point found to be 35.00 meters above mean sea
level, while the lowest is in the southernmost end of Kaunlaran Village
Fig.2.3. Metro Manila Map
showing Location of
Caloocan City
(Dagat-Dagatan Development Project) measuring about 0.993 meters
above mean sea level.
North Caloocan:
Out of the total land area of North Caloocan, 58.49% or 2,322.80
Topography
hectares are characterized to have gently to steeply undulating to
36
Part II: The Site
rolling topography with slopes ranging from 3 to 18%. This terrain is
distinct seasons recognized are the dry high pressure season, which
noted in the northern and central portion and gradually transforming
comes in the months of November till April and the wet season, which
into a southward trend of flat lands down to the southwestern tip of the
starts from May and lasts up to October. The dry season corresponds
boundary. Several industrial and residential subdivisions have already
with the northeast monsoon (October to January) and the wet season
been developed in these broadly to nearly level lands, because of its
with the southwest monsoon (June to September). Between these two
proximity to some of the major access roads in the area. The central
well-defined monsoon periods, the southeast trade winds blow from
and northern portions on the other hand, are also known to consist of
February to May.
residential subdivisions dispersed in different areas along with the
development of Tala Estate Resettlement Project, which is significant
Rainfall
in the northernmost end of the city. It is with the contours of Tala
Since Caloocan is divided into two separate geographical location, two
Estate (part of Pangarap Village) that the highest point of elevation can
recording stations were considered in the study of the city’s annual
be traced to be 120.00 meters above mean sea level, while the old
rainfall. The recording station in Port Area, Manila was considered for
district of Kaybiga covers the lowest part to about 25.00 meters above
South Caloocan, while the Science Garden in Diliman, Quezon City
the same index.
was for North Caloocan. In 1994, maximum rainfall in North and South
Caloocan occur in the months of July, August and September. The
Climate
annual rainfall was recorded to be 2,115.90 mm with a maximum of
Just like the rest of the towns and cities of Metro Manila, Caloocan City
761.70 mm in July and a minimum of 1.60 mm in February for the
falls under type 1 of the Philippine Climate Classification. The two
South Caloocan. North Caloocan recorded 2,588.70 mm annual rainfall
37
Part II: The Site
In South Caloocan, northeast winds prevail during the
with a maximum of 518.30 mm.
months of November and December. West wind is predominant in
February, March and April. From May to October, the southwest
monsoon blows. This procures the heavy rain experienced during that
period. Maximum wind speed recorded in South Caloocan was 28
miles per second, which occurs in October. Meanwhile, the north winds
prevail during the months of January, March, October, November and
December over North Caloocan. From April till July, the southwest
monsoon prevails, this explains the heavy rains experienced during
these months.
Slope
Slope is an important factor in determining the suitability of a
land for its future development. Level to moderately sloping areas with
good soil characteristics are most suitable for urban development while
steeply sloping and rolling lands, highly prone to erosion are
Fig.2.4. Caloocan City Land Capability Map
considered less favorable for any extensive land development. Utilizing
Wind Direction
38
Part II: The Site
these types of slope require higher development costs and may not be
An estimated 2,158.14 hectares or 40.46% of the city’s total land area
viable for the city’s economy.
are found to be generally level to nearly level with a slope range of 0%
to 3%. These slopes characterize most parts of South Caloocan and
the southern part of North Caloocan in the old districts of Kaybiga,
Llano and Deparo. Some areas are gently to moderately undulating to
rolling with a slope range of 3% to 8% and with a covered land area of
1,052.51 hectares or 19.73% of the whole territory. On the other hand,
an estimated 1,611.76 hectares of land or 30.22% of the total planning
areas are noted to be moderately to steeply undulating to rolling with
slopes ranging from 8% to 18%. About 510.98 hectares of land are
traced to be very steeply sloping, with a slope range of 18% to 50%
representing only 9.58%.
Territorial Composition
The City of Caloocan is divided into 16 zones, which is
composed of 188 barangays. The breakdown is as follows:
Zone 01 – Barangay 1 – 12
Fig.2.5. Caloocan City Slope Map
39
Part II: The Site
million mark at 467,816. As of the latest census conducted by the
National Statistics Office (NSO) in 2000, the city’s total population
reached its one million mark at 1,177,604, 15.09% higher from the
census of 1995. The average annual growth rate based on 1995 and
2000 actual census is 3.06% extremely higher compared to the
National Capital Region’s (NCR) 1.06. Caloocan City ranked third
among the cities and municipalities in the country and accounted for
It is further divided into two political boundaries, namely:
District 1 and District 2. District 1 is composed of 70 barangays, which
1.54% of the national population of 76.5 million. It is projected that by
year 2013 the population of Caloocan will reach 1,743,152.
include Barangays 1 to 4, 77 to 85 and 132 to 188, while District 2 is
composed of 118 barangays, which include Barangays 5 to 76 and 86
to 131.
Demography
In 1903, the Census of Population and Housing (CPH)
reported a population of 7,847 for Caloocan City. This figure
significantly doubled in 1918. In 1960, the population zoomed to
145,523 and in 1980, Caloocan’s population was just nearing its half a
Fig.2.6. Historical Growth of Population (1903- 2000)
Population Distribution
40
Part II: The Site
The 1995 Census of Population and Housing showed that
age group bracket continuously declined to 34.60% in 2000. The
the population in South Caloocan exceeds that of North Caloocan.
working population ages 15-64 years old showed an increase of
However, the 2000 census, showed otherwise. Barangay 176 in North
61.04% in 1980 to 62.90% in 2000. These economically active groups
Caloocan, was registered as the biggest barangay in the Philippines. It
(15-64) composed the main bulk of the city’s population.
had a population of 188,419, which accounted for 16% of the city’s
total population. On the other hand, Barangay 76 in South Caloocan
registered the least number of populations at 106. Barangays 84 and
105 had the fastest growing population in the city with an annual
growth rate of 31% and 25%, respectively.
Age, Sex Composition
The City had a median age of 23 which means half of the
population was below 23 years old. The age sex pyramid for Caloocan
shows a higher proportion of population aged 1-34 years old. Young
population ages below 14 years old constituted about 34.60% of the
total population, while those aged 65 years old and over form about
2.50%. During the last 15 years, population ages below 14 years old
Fig.2.7. Age, Sex Composition (2000)
had been declining from 36.69% in 1980 to 35.74% in 1995. The same
The sex ratio of the population in the city showed a slight
41
Part II: The Site
dominance of female population over the male population from 1980 to
Dependency ratio from 1995 to 2000 increased by 2.32%
2000. It can be noted that in 2000, there is a male dominance in the
with the bulk of dependents coming from age group 0-14. In 2000,
productive age groups from 30-34 to 55-59.
male dependents exceeded female in age group 0-14 while in age
group 65 and above; the female dominated the male dependents.
Fig.2.9. Dependency Ratio (2008)
Population by Marital Status
Caloocan City was composed of 644,763 population with
single marital status (including population ages 9 years old and below)
or 54.75% of the total population and 413,498 married population or
Fig.2.8. Population Pyramid (2000)
Dependency Ratio
35.11% of the total population as of the 2000 census. Of the 413,498
married populations 69,357 belong to the age group of 30-34 and
42
Part II: The Site
58,230 belong to the age group of 25-29. Meanwhile, the very young
Land use is a term provided herein to illustrate or describe
individuals who belong to age 20 and below totaled to 9,695.
specific use or predominant activity being permanently or temporarily
Divorced/separated individuals registered a total of 13,341 while
undertaken within a defined land area and boundary. These land uses
56,763 were under the common law or live-in status.
are believed to characterize the urban development trends and are
formed as a result of socio-economic and political activities and
decisions prevailing within an area. Likewise, land use patterns and
distributions affect the general safety and quality of life of local
residents in terms of their length and convenience of travels between
one land use activity to another, susceptibility to air, water and noise
pollution, environmental and sanitary conditions, the distribution of
basic commodities and other variables relative thereto. South
Caloocan is known for industries and commercial centers but based on
its actual land use distribution, 63% of the total land area is residential
use. Industrial use covers the next highest share of about 11%,
followed by the commercial which is 7%. And only 7% are identified as
vacant and urbanizable. North Caloocan has a different land use
Fig.2.10. Total Population 10 years old and over by Age Group and Marital
character from South Caloocan. Only 46% of its total land area are
Status
Land Use
residential use, followed by a big share of 36% of vacant land. Only 4%
43
Part II: The Site
of this total covers industrial use and a very small 0.4% for commercial
use.
Fig.2.12. Existing Land Use Distriburion North Caloocan City (2001)
Fig.2.11. Existing Land Use Distribution South Caloocan City (2001)
44
Part II: The Site
Fig.2.14. Existing Land Use Map of North Caloocan City
Fig.2.13. Exisitng Land Use Map South Caloocan City
45
Part II: The Site
Barangay Profile
Brgy. 171, Bagumbong, Caloocan City
•
East
Brgy. 173 and 175
•
South
Brgy. 168, Deparo
•
North
North Meycauayan, Bulacan
Phase 9, Bagong Silang
Health Center
Bagumbong Health Center
Institutions
Tahanang Mapagpala Center
Social Development Center
Demography
Population as of 2011
82, 852
Others
Classification
Urban
Zoning Classification
Residential
755.0 hectares
Annual Income
30, 686, 591.69Php
Bignay, Valenzuela
Site Description
Fig.2.15. Barangay Hall Compound
Geography
Land Area
Boundaries:
•
West
The site is a 42, 062 square meter lot located at Barangay
46
Part II: The Site
171, Bagumbong, Caloocan City. It is relatively flat land ranges from 03% slope. It was in the residential zoning and is near to public
elementary and high schools in the barangay. The barangay is also
part of the Caloocan District 1 where the top barangays in terms of
number of CICL were located. It doesn’t belong to a community who
experience extreme poverty and high crime rate.
The site area complies with the minimum area requirement
of 1, 000 square meters as defined by the Memorandum of Agreement
signed by the LGU and DSWD. The barangay also ranks fourth in
terms of the number of cases of CICL in the city which complies with
another criterion for the site of the center that it must have a high rate
of CICL. Also, the annual income of the barangay is enough to support
the facility.
Fig.2.17. Site location
Fig.2.16. Panoramic view of the site
47
Part II: The Site
II. SITE ANALYSIS:
Wind Path Analysis
Sun Path Analysis
Fig.2.19. Wind analysis
Fig.2.18. Sun path analysis
Noise Analysis
48
Part II: The Site
Fig.2.21. Site location with boundaries
Fig.2.20. Noise analysis
Site Boundaries
49
Part III: Case Studies
I. FOREIGN CASE STUDY:
Federal Institute for Youths (RIJ)
Project Area: 14,500 sqm
A paradoxical task: a closed juvenile institute with maximum
security in combination with an environment where 144 juvenile
residents between the ages of 12 and 18 can receive optimal
treatment. The open and relaxed design of the Federal Institute for
Youths (RIJ) makes a privileged environment inside the protection and
limitations of a wall.
The RIJ is built like a village, with homes and streets, a
school and a sportsbuilding. Inside the oval shaped ring wall are 12
pavilions with living and sleeping quarters for 10 youths situated
around a walkway. Although it is a covered walkway, it is open on the
side so that weather and wind can be felt during the daily walk to
school and sports.
Architects: LEVS Architecten
Location: Den Helder, The Netherlands
Client: Rijksgebouwendienst
(Dutch Government Building Department)
Project Year: 2006
The walkway (street) connects the pavilions with the general
buildings in the center: the sports building, the education and treatment
building and the general offices. Between these buildings are 3 remote
outdoor areas.
In 2006 a new pavilion was opened. The expansion was
51
made on a section of the transportation site of De Doggershoek and is
connected inside with the walkway in the RIJ. The expansion offers
living and sleeping accommodation for 2 groups of 12 youths. On the
ground floor are the large living area, auxiliary rooms and team rooms.
A large void connects the living area with a large hall way on the top
floor. The entrances to the sitting/sleeping quarters are uniquely lit by
natural daylight. Color schemes respond differently to the light and
create a constantly changing atmosphere and intensity. The pavilion is
an abstract building, its few windows interact with the white grey
Situation Plan
wooden façade, and the deep folds that are created give the pavilion a
mysterious appearance. The interior, with its halls and patios on the
other hand, are a warm red brown.
The RIJ borders on the city and rural area and is in harmony
with the heritage of the old seaport Den Helder; a fourth bulwark in
addition to the three existing historical forts. It is an archetype of a
building where there is no relation between inside and outside: for Den
Helder the building is the wall and a fort, but inside the wall the RIJ is a
village in its own right.
Aerial View Perspective
52
The oval shaped ring wall was provided a big yard on the center.
Small yard is present to create an open and relaxed environment for
the youths.
53
Walkways are provided with windows to provide daylight.
The interiors are predominantly warm red- brown in color.
54
Walkway connected with the general
building.
The pavilion has few windows interact with the white grey wooden
façade, and the deep folds that are created give the pavilion a
mysterious appearance.
55
Juvenile Living
Concept
The resoluteness of the world which aims at the interior is
partly removed. A new and more intensive interaction with the
surrounding nature is aimed at for the youngsters. The open structure
stimulates the daily shifts between living, learning and recreation.
Architects: UArchitects – Emile van Vugt and Misak Terzibasiyan
Location: Overloon, The Netherlands
Client: Government Building Agency
Management of Construction: RU Bouwadvies – Den Bosch
Structural engineer: Van de Laar Ingenieursbureau
Advisor installations: Deerns raadgevend ingenieurs
Plan Site
Company of construction: Bam Utiliteitsbouw – Eindhoven
56
Site and Organization
The new building for living is situated parallel to the regional
public road and contains 4 sectors with 10 youngsters each. In the
longitudinal direction the building is organized linearly with bedrooms
on the street side with an open view. The team rooms have been
placed in the center.
dimensions) glass openings are contrasting with this mainly closed
façade and reveal the communal living rooms.
The building opens up to the other side with the enclosed outdoor
spaces. Wooden facades and concrete planes reveal the atmosphere
of the interior. The circular element on the south works on the urban
scale as a turning point and it shows the entrance.
Facades
Some youngsters are staying in this building because they
are themselves victim of lover boys or incest. Other youngsters are
placed for means of punishment. The building for living area should
provide the youngsters a place for protection. It is a temporarily home
base for the youngsters. The façade of this home base is constructed
with big dark-grey bricks (dimensions 290 x 195 x 90 mm), which
express the solid social resistance.
The façade towards the street shows an abstract pattern of brickwork
with vertical glass openings. Two enormous (maximum glass
Exterior with Round Façade
57
Façade constructed with big dark-grey bricks to express social solid
resistance.
Two huge glass openings contrast the mainly closed façade.
58
Interior living room
Interior corridor of the building
59
II. LOCAL CASE STUDY:
Molave Youth Home is a detention center and rehabilitation
center for youth- in- conflict- with- the- law both male and female ages
Molave Youth Home
15 years old to below 18 years old. They are usually waiting for the
decision of the Quezon City courts on their pending criminal cases.
Location: Quezon City, Manila, Philippines
The home provides temporary secure custody and care for youth
Total Area: 2, 000 sq. m
offenders while undergoing trials.
Date Established: 1973
Programs and Services
In line with its mandate to secure a holistic approach in the
treatment and rehabilitation of the juveniles, the following services are
designed to provide the special need of its residents:
1. Home Life- provides shelter, food, clothing as well as group
living atmosphere. A schedule of daily home living programs is
adjusted according to their individual and group needs. Trained
house parents teach them goal directed activities such as
household chores, which contribute to the development of their
sense of usefulness and responsibility.
60
2. Medical Services- medical examinations were provided upon
7. Recreational
Programs-
indoor
and
outdoor
recreational
admission and during the stay of the youngsters. Well- balanced
activities are provided under the supervision of the Youth Home
diet is also provided with the supervision of the nutritionist.
authorities.
3. Social Services- Casework and Group work are provided to the
detained youth together with their parents by trained registered
8. Custodial Care- therapeutic community approach was used
inside the facility.
social workers.
Facilities
4. Non- formal Education Program- in coordination with the Special
1. 5 Dormitories (Sleeping Area and Toilet and Bath)
Education Division of the Department of Education, academic
and special educational programs and basic development skills
2. RDC
in certain areas are provided to the detained youth.
3. VMT
5. Livelihood Program- directing their interest and capabilities to
constructive and productive activities through training on soft
trade industry and handicrafts.
6. Spiritual and Moral Training- taps religious organizations and
4. Training Room
5. SPED Lecture Room
6. Sunning Area (Convertible to Lecture Rooms)
individuals to provide formal and non- formal spiritual and value
formation activities for the CICL.
7. Social Workers’ Office
61
8. Director’s Office
9. Security Checkpoint
10. Reception Lobby
11. Indoor Activity Area
12. Dining and Kitchen
Molave Youth Home is located at the 2nd floor of the City SSDD
(Social Services Development Department) Office at the Quezon
City Hall Complex
62
Part IV: Building User Program
SPACES
A.
DESCRIPTION
Reception and Administrative
Area
USERS
ACTIVITIES
all areas intended for receiving visitors such as parents, officials and volunteers
RECOMMENDED AREA
5950 sqm
space provided for receiving visitors, this includes:
1
Reception Lobby
a. security checkpoint
security personnel, visitors
b. baggage counter
security personnel, visitors
c. information desk/ reception desk
d. waiting area
e. separate toilet for men and women
reception personnel, visitors
visitors
visitors
checking of visitors belongings upon
entry to ensure safety
visitors are mandated to leave their
belongings except their valuables
before letting them to go to their
respective destinations inside the
building
inquiry and logging
waits and stays
personal hygiene
700 sqm
300 sqm
space provided for visitation of parents to the youths, this includes:
2
Parents' Visiting Room
a. parent- staff interview room
b. visitation area
parent, center staff
parent, CICL, security personnel
orientation and interview
greetings, conversations, etc.
400 sqm
space provided for the social workers when they are doing their reports and other paper works, this includes:
3
Social Workers Room
a. head social worker's office
b. supervising social worker's office
c. social workers' tables
d. pantry
e. toilet
head social worker
supervising social worker
social workers
social workers
social workers
office works
600 sqm
eat snacks or lunch
space provided for counseling and consultation with the resident psychologist, this includes:
4
Psychologist's Room
a. resident psychologist office
b. individual counselling room
c. group counselling room
resident psychologist
resident psychologist and CICL
resident psychologist and CICL
office works
450 sqm
counselling
space provided for administrative offices and facilities for staff, this includes:
5
Administrative Section Room
a. director's office
b. file room
c. clerk and volunteers room
d. staff conference room
e. staff room
center director
file officer
clerk and volunteers
director and staff
staff
office works
organizing and storing files
volunteer services
conference meetings
eat, rest, bath, etc.
3500 sqm
64
B.
1
Admission Home
Interview and Assessment
Room
all areas intended for the assistance for the admitting CICL
space provided for questioning and evaluation of the
admitting CICL
2750 sqm
social workers and admitting
CICL
intake interview for CICL
250 sqm
temporary living quarters provided for the CICL while the social workers are assessing their cases and determining the type of therapy
they need within two (2) weeks, this includes:
2
Temporary Accomodation Home
a. bedrooms
b. toilet and bath
c. lockers area
d. living area
newlyadmitted CICL
sleep
personal hygiene
storage for personal belongings
recreation
space provided for health services such as medical and dental, this includes:
a. medical examination room
C.
Infirmary
D.
Dormitories
1
Sleeping Area or Bedrooms
2
Living Area
3
Study Room
4
Toileth and Bath
b. doctor's consultation room
c. dental clinic
d. nurse stations
e. nursing room
f. isolation room
g. toilet
medical personnel and newlyadmitted CICL
doctor and CICL
dentist and CICL
nurses on duty
CICL who needs confinement
CICL with contagious disease
CICL
1203 sqm
x-ray, urine and stool test, etc.
450 sqm
medical check- up
dental check- up
receiving of patients (CICL)
treatment
treatment
personal hygiene
160 sqm
170 sqm
72 sqm
250 sqm
65 sqm
36 sqm
Living facility provided for the CICL who are undergoing therapeutic services for rehabilitation after their assessment period of two
weeks. They are expected to live here for six (6) months to one (1) year depending on the therapy they need.
rooms designed to give a relaxing place for resident youths
to rest and sleep
space provided for recreation, relaxation and meeting up
with their social worker and house parents
space provided to give the youths privacy and a room where
they can concentrate in their studies and work on their
assignments
separated from the bedrooms for security reasons
2500 sqm
32160 sqm
CICL
sleep, rest, etc.
19200 sqm
CICL, house parents and social
workers
recreation activities, conversations, etc.
2400 sqm
CICL
study lessons, do their assignments
6600 sqm
CICL
personal hygiene
3960 sqm
65
space provided for dining and preparation of healthy meals for the resident youths, this includes:
E.
Dining Area
F.
General Living Area
G.
Education and Livelihood
Facility
1
Basic Education Facilities
2
TESDA Accredited Courses
Facilities
3
Outdoor Workshop Area
1
2
3
4
Sports and Music Therapy
Facilities
Outdoor Basketball Court
Covered Basketball Court
Indoor Games Room
Music and Art Room
I.
Agriculture Therapy Area
H.
7600 sqm
workers
kitchen personnel
dietician or nutritionist
dine
6800 sqm
prepare foods
prepare menu
800 sqm
workers
recreational activities, conversations,
watch TV, etc.
3000 sqm
spaces provided for conducting basic education and TESDA accredited coursesto give the CICL the education they need and help them
have a good start after rehabilitation
10975 sqm
a. dining hall
b. kitchen
c. dietician or nutritionist office
with their social worker and house parents for all
dormitories, as well as for scheduled television viewing
spaces provided for teaching basic education curriculum to CICL to make them continue their studies even while inside the facility,
these include:
a. lecture rooms
faculty and CICL
conduct classes
faculty and CICL with class
b. faculty room
paperworks
concerns
c. toilets
CICL
personal hygiene
1680 sqm
750 sqm
1200 sqm
spaces provided for the CICL to learn basic technical and livelihood courses that can benefit them after their rehabilitation, these
include:
a. lecture rooms
b. activity rooms
c. tools storage and lending room
TESDA instructors and CICL
property custodian
conduct classes
practical application of lectures
borrowing of tools
835 sqm
1110 sqm
400 sqm
space for workshop activities such as welding and carpentry
carpentry and welding
5000 sqm
spaces provided for the CICL to have sports and music therapy both indoor and outdoor
space provided for outdoor sports activities
space provided for outdoor sports activities
space provided for indoor games activities
space provided for music and art activities
space provided for agriculture activities such as cultivating
land and planting crops and vegetables
13900 sqm
instructor and CICL
instructor and CICL
instructor and CICL
instructor and CICL
play outdoor sports
play outdoor sports
play indoor games
play music, draw, paint, etc.
3500 sqm
6400 sqm
instructor and CICL
plant crops and vegetables
13000 sqm
4000 sqm
66
J.
Pre- discharge Home and
Orphanage
1
Liaison Office
2
Sleeping Area or Bedrooms
3
Dining Area
4
Living Area
5
Toileth and Bath
K.
Parking Area
1
2
Administration Parking
Visitors' Parking
space provided for CICL who are ready for discharge and CICL who are in the process of adoption
room provided for liaison officer who is in- charged with the
liason officer
officeworks
records and papers of the out-going youths
rooms designed to give a relaxing place for resident youths
CICL
sleep, rest, etc.
to rest and sleep
space provided for dining and preparation of healthy meals for the resident youths, this includes:
a. dining hall
dine
workers
b. kitchen
kitchen personnel
prepare foods
c. dietician or nutritionist office
dietician or nutritionist
prepare menu
recreation activities, conversations, etc.
with their social worker and house parents
workers
separated from the bedrooms for security reasons
CICL
personal hygiene
space provided for car and motorcycle parking for both administration and visitors
parking area for administration
parking area for visitors
administrative personnel
visitors
3382 sqm
350 sqm
1032 sqm
700 sqm
400 sqm
700 sqm
200 sqm
3550 sqm
park vehicles
park vehicles
TOTAL AREA:
800 sqm
2750 sqm
97470 sqm
67
Part V: Architectural Design Solution
I. CONCEPT:
Design Concept:
Since the establishment of halfway homes aims to free the
CICL from prison, “unlocked handcuffs” is used to represent this idea.
With the existence of the Republic Act 9344 (Juvenile
Justice and Welfare System), delinquent youths must be provided with
child- appropriate proceedings which include their rehabilitation and
reintegration with the society. Thus, halfway homes must be provided.
While it is necessary that youths feel punished and
detained, they should likewise feel secured and protected. In
addressing this, open spaces surrounded by the buildings which
prohibits them from the outside world and also serves as a barrier.
Louvers were even used instead of grills to prevent a prison like
atmosphere.
Further, the facility was designed to promote a “therapeutic
community approach of rehabilitation”; hence, these delinquent youths
are expected to come out well- rounded persons and productive
citizens.
Building Form Concept:
- “unlocked handcuffs”
69
II. SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN:
70
III. FLOOR PLANS:
71
72
73
IV. ELEVATIONS:
74
75
V. SECTIONS:
76
VI. PERSPECTIVES:
SITE PERSPECTIVE
77
ADMINISTRATION BUILDING
78
DORMITORY
79
EDUCATIONAL AND LIVELIHOOD BUILDING
80
INTERIORS
81
VII. PRESENTATION BOARDS:
82
83
BIBLIOGRAPHY
National Building Code of the Philippines. (2007). Quezon City: Vicente B. Foz.
De Chiara, J. (1980). Time- Saver Standards for Building Types. Mc- Graw Hill Book Company.
Regional Rehabilitation Center for Youth (RRCY) Manual, (2010). Quezon City: Department of Social Welfare and Development.
Caloocan City Planning and Development Office (CCPDO). (2012). Comprehensive Land Use Plan. Caloocan City.
DSWD turns- over P2.5M assistance for construction of Bahay Pag-Asa, (January 5, 2012) from http://www.ncr.dswd.gov.ph.
Republic Act 9344, (2005) from www.lawphil.net.
Yakap- Bata Holding Center Quarterly Accomplishment Report, (2010- 21012). Caloocan City: Social Welfare and Development Department.
www.archdaily.com
84

letter of transmittal - Mapúa Institute of Technology

Transcription

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