saqarTveloSi gavrcelebuli bostneuli kulturebis warmoeba da

saqarTveloSi gavrcelebuli bostneuli kulturebis warmoeba da

sasoflo-sakonsultacio
samsaxuri
saqarTveloSi
gavrcelebuli bostneuli
kulturebis warmoeba da
meTesleoba
1
winasityvaoba
krebulis mizania, mkiTxvels
gaacnos bostneuli kulturebis
xarisxiani Teslis miRebis SesaZleblobebi, specialistebis
gamocdilebebsa da mecnierebis
Tanamedrove miRwevebze dayrdnobiT. igi daxmarebas gauwevs
fermerebs, mebostneobiTa da
bostneulis meTesleobiT dainteresebul pirebs, am dargis specialistebs.
broSuraSi warmodgenilia soflis
meurneobis wamyvani mecnier- muSakebis profesor noe xozrevaniZis, docentebis leri nozaZisa
kavkasiis mTiani regionebis
ganviTarebis saerTaSoriso
asociacia
2
da koba kobalaZis naSromi. masSi,
mowinave qveynebis gamocdilebaze
dayrdnobiT da saqarTveloSi
aprobirebuli teqnologiebis
gaTvaliswinebiT, farTod aris
gaanalizebuli saqarTvelos
bunebriv-klimatur pirobebSi
bostneuli kulturebis
meTesleobis
sakiTxebi.
sarCevi
Sesavali ...................................................................................................................................5
Tavi 1
— bostneulis meTesleobis agroteqnikis zogadi RonisZiebebi .........................................7
Tavi II
— erTwliani bostneuli kulturebis meTesleobis agroteqnika ......................................16
— pomidori ...............................................................................................................................16
— wiwaka .....................................................................................................................................20
— kitri ......................................................................................................................................22
— parkosnebi (lobio, cercvi, barda) ....................................................................................27
— cereco ..................................................................................................................................29
— qinZi .......................................................................................................................................30
Tavi III
— orwliani bostneulis meTesleobis agroteqnika .............................................................31
— kombosto ...............................................................................................................................31
— Zirxvenebi ..............................................................................................................................34
— xaxvi .......................................................................................................................................39
— niori ......................................................................................................................................42
3
Tavi IV
— delikatesi bostneuli ........................................................................................................44
— salaTebi ................................................................................................................................44
— brokoli anu satacurisebri kombosto .............................................................................46
— yvavilovani kombosto .........................................................................................................46
danarTebi
— danarTi 1
bostneuli kulturebis Tesva-rgvis da mosavlis aRebis vadebi ...................................49
— danarTi 2
bostneuli kulturebis Tesva-rgvis da mosavlis aRebis vadebi ...................................51
4
Sesavali
saqarTveloSi amJamad 70-ze meti saxeobis
bostneuli mohyavT. erT sulze maTi moxmarebis
saSualo wliuri norma 120-180 kg-ia. maT Soris
kombosto (yvelanairi) 35-55 kg, pomidori 25-32
kg, badrijani da wiwaka 3-5 kg, bostnis barda da
nedli lobio 7-10 kg, xaxvi da niori 6-10 kg, amdenive stafilo, kitri 10-13kg, sufris Warxali
6-10kg, mwvanili 5-9kg da sxva danarCeni bostneuli 15-21 kg.
bostneuli kulturebis mosavlianobis zrda
mniSvnelovnad aris damokidebuli am kulturebis jiSiani da kondiciuri Teslebis Tesvaze. jiSiani Tesli mosavlianobis raodenobrivi da xarisxobrivi gaumjobesebis erT-erTi
mTavari faqtoria.
bostneulis meTesleobis ZiriTadi amocanaa
- adgilobriv pirobebTan kargad Seguebuli,
maRalxarisxiani da didmosavliani seleqciuri
da adgilobrivi jiSebis kargi TesviTi Rirebulebis mqone Teslebis damzadeba, fermerul
meurneobebSi saSualo saheqtro mosavlianobis
gazrda da misi xarisxobrivi maxasiaTeblebis
gaumjobeseba, rac produqciis siuxves da fermerTa Semosavlebis zrdas ganapirobebs. aqedan
gamomdinare, mniSvnelovania adgilobriv niadagur-klimatur pirobebSi Seguebuli bostneulis
Teslis warmoebis ganviTareba. aucilebelia maRalxarisxovani da didmosavliani seleqciuri
da adgilobrivi jiSebis Teslis Semotana da adgilze gamravldeba. Teslis warmoeba fermerul
meurneobebSi saTanado codnas da meTesleobis
kanonebis wesebis dacvas moiTxovs.
meTesleobis
warmoebisas,
agroteqnikur
RonisZiebebTan erTad, mTavari yuradReba unda
mieqces saTesle mcenareebs Soris saizolacio
manZilebis dacvas. meTesleobaSi erTi saxeobis
ori jiSis erTad Tesva dauSvebelia, radgan
maTi erTmaneTTan bunebrivi Sejvarebisas xdeba jiSuri (biologiuri) dasarevlianeba, ris
gamoc, saukeTeso sameurneo Tvisebebis mqone
jiSebi ganicdian gadagvarebas.
5
bostneulis meTesleoba
bostneuli mcenareebi ganayofierebis mixedviT iyofa or jgufad:
I. TviTmtveria mcenareebi: barda, lobio, wiwaka, badrijani, salaTa, pomidori da sxva.
II. jvaredindamamtverianebi: kombosto, stafilo, boloki, Warxali, xaxvi, ispanaxi, satacuri,
kama, kitri, nesvi, sazamTro, gogra da sxva.
rogorc wesi, meTesle fermerebma unda daTeson bostneulis erTi saxeobis TiTo jiSi, magram Tu aucilebelia ori an meti jiSis Tesva,
maSin saWiroa sivrcobrivi izolaciis dacva.
instruqciis mixedviT, gogrovan mcenareebs
Soris (kitri, sazamTro da sxv.) sivrciTi izolacia Ria gruntSi unda iyos 1000 metri, xolo
dacul gruntSi (saTburebi) _ 500 m; pomidors,
badrijansa da wiwakebs Soris saizolacio manZili Ria gruntSi 100 metri da daculSi - 50m
unda iyos. sxvadasxva jiSis kombostoebis, Talgamis, bolokis, stafilos, Warxlis saizolacio
6
manZilia Ria gruntSi 2000 m, daculSi - 600 m.
bostneuli mcenareebis saTesleebis teqnikuri simwifis periodSi, unda Catardes maTi
Semowmeba (aprobacia) kvalificiuri specialistebis mier. teqnikuri simwife kombostosTvis
niSnavs Tavebis Camoyalibebis dasrulebas, xaxvisaTvis _ bolqvis gare farflebisa da yelis
gaxmobis dasawyisia, pomidvrisTvis _ masobriv
simwifeSi Sesvla, lobiosTvis _ qveviTa parkebSi marcvlebis Semosvlis dasawyisi, kitrisTvis
_ mwvane kitrebis zrdis dasruleba da erTeuli
saTesleebis momwifebis dawyeba.
meTesleobis nakveTebSi mcenareTa ganviTarebis fazebSi, aprobaciamde da aprobaciis Semdeg aucilebelia Catardes jiSobrivi wmendagamorCeva. jiSobrivi wmendis dros nakveTidan
mocildeba (amoiTxreba) gadaxris mqone da daavadebuli mcenareebi.
Tavi I
bostneulis meTesleobis agroteqnikis
zogadi RonisZiebebi
nakveTis adgilis SerCeva
bostneulis meTesleoba unda vawarmooT
mebostneobis Teslbrunvis mindorze. Tu amaSi nakveTebis simcire gviSlis xels, maSin SevarCioT calke nakveTi da movawyoT kulturaTa mkacri morigeoba ise, rom erTi da igive
kultura Tavis adgils maqsimum 2-3 weliwadSi
erTxel daubrundes. es RonisZieba mavnebeldaavadebaTa Tavidan acilebis mizniT tardeba
da saSualebas gvaZlevs miviRoT stabiluri da
ekologiurad sufTa mosavali.
meTesleobis, da saerTod, bostneulis warmoebisaTvis unda SeirCes struqturiani, nayofieri, organuli nivTierebebiT mdidari, sarevelebisagan sufTa, qarisagan daculi sarwyavi
miwis farTobebi.
niadagis damuSaveba.
bostneuli kulturebi moiTxoven niadagis
gulmodgine damuSavebas. samuSaoebi Semodgomidan iwyeba da Tesvamde grZeldeba. xorblis, qeris,
xaxvis, nivris, balaxebis da sxva mosavlis aRebis
Semdgom, nakveTi unda gasufTavdes winamorbedi
kulturebis narCenebisa da sarevelebisagan. araxelsayreli amindebis dadgomamde, niadagSi unda
SevitanoT fosforiani da kaliumiani mineraluri
sasuqebi imisda mixedviT, Tu romeli bostneulis daTesvas vapirebT; an movabnioT gadamwvari
(msxvilfexa pirutyvis) nakeli heqtarze 50-60
t-s raodenobiT. nakeli Tanabrad unda ganawildes mTel farTobze, Semdeg ki Catardes mzralad
xvna 26-28 sm. siRrmeze.
gazafxulis dadgomamde (Tebervlis bolodan
aprilamde) nakveTi rCeba xeluxlebeli. niadagSi tenis SenarCunebisa da sarevelebis mospobis
mizniT, mzralze unda davfarcxoT. Tesva-rgvis
dawyebamde, ramdenime dRiT adre, ki SevitanoT
azotiani sasuqi (nakeliT ganoyierebis SemTxveva7
Si gaTvaliswinebuli dozis 50-60%) da CavataroT
kultivacia. amis Semdeg nakveTi mzadaa nebismieri
kulturis dasaTesad an dasargavad.
niadagi, romelic Semodgomaze mzralad ar
moixna, unda moixnas zamTarSi (yinvebis dasawyisSi), an adre gazafxulze, raTa droulad
moxdes misi dajdoma-gafxviereba. winaaRmdeg
SemTxvevaSi, Tesva-rgvisaTvis mosamzadebli samuSaoebi ufro did Zalisxmevas moiTxovs.
daculi gruntis mowyoba da CiTilebis
gamoyvana.
zogierTi bostneuli mcenaris CiTilebi (kombosto, pomidori, wiwaka da sxv.) gamohyavT Ria
kvlebSi, yuTebSi, torf-neSompalian qoTnebSi
da sxv. Cvens pirobebSi, yvelaze xelmisawvdomi da iafia kvalsaTburebis mowyoba Ria kvlebze rkalebis saSualebiT, polieTilenis firis
gadafarebiT. aseT kvalsaTburebSi sruliad
warmatebiT SeiZleba pomidvris, wiwakis da kombostos CiTilis
gamoyvana.
saCiTile kvlebisaTvis unda
SeirCes myudro,
qarisagan daculi, samxreTisken
odnav daqanebuli vake adgili. niadagi unda iyos mSrali da
kargi wyalgamtari, xolo nakveTi - sarwyavi
wyliT uzrunvelyofili.
mebostneobaSi polimerul firebs da sasaTbure badeebs ZiriTadad saTburebis da kvalsaTburebis sayrdenebze gadasafareblad iyeneben.
8
saTburebisTvis
iyeneben 150-200,
xolo kvalsaTburebisaTvis
80-100 mikronis
sisqis gamWvirvale firs.
kvalsaTburi
Sedgeba rkalis, firis, samagrisa da palosagan.
rkali mzaddeba 4-6 mm kveTis mavTulisagan. qarian adgilebSi umjobesia 60 sm siganis kvalsaTburis mowyoba, xolo sxva SemTxvevebSi - 90
sm siganis. pirvel SemTxvevaSi rkalis sigrZe
unda iyos 130 sm, xolo meoreSi - 160 sm. 1520 sm niadagSi Casobis Semdeg. rkalis simaRle
niadagis zedapiridan pirvel SemTxvevaSi 25-30
sm unda iyos, xolo meoreSi - 30-35 sm.
10 metriani sigrZis (farTi 9 kv.m.) gvirabisebri saTburkvalis mosawyobad saWiroa 11 cali
160 sm sigrZis ,,katanga” mavTuli, 40 m sigrZis
polieTilenis xezi (Spakati), ori cali palo, 1213 metri sigrZisa da 160 sm siganis polieTilenis
firi, xolo firis samagrad 10-12 metri sigrZis
xis boZebi. ase mowyobil kvalsaTburebSi biomasad SeiZleba gamoiyenoT winaswar Sexurebuli
nakeli. Cvens pirobebSi ki gaTboba mxolod mzis
Tbierebazea damokidebuli. kvalSi Tesvamde (manamde daburuli
unda iyos) SeaqvT
1 kv.m.-ze 4-5 vedros odenobiT
gacrili,
gadamwvari nakeli.
mas Toxnian, asworeben focxiT,
SeaqvT maxrebisa
da mRrRnelebis sawinaaRmdego masala (TuTiis
fosfati, RerRili, mzesumziris zeTi), Semdeg
yofen 8-10 sm mwkrivebad, Tesaven, faraven miwis
Txeli feniT, tkepnian, TesvisTanave rwyaven da
afareben firs. movliTi samuSaoebia _ morwyva
yovel me-2 an me-3 dRes, margvla - gafxviereba
- gamoxSirva 2-3-jer, wamlobebi mavnebel-daavadebebis sawinaaRmdegod 2-3-jer, ganoyierebagamokveba sarwyaviT (10 l wyalSi yrian 1 asanTis
kolof azotian da fosforiani sasuqs. kargad
morevis Semdeg, xsnars moasxureben 1-1,5 kv.m.-ze
9
da Semdeg aucileblad Carecxaven sufTa wyliT).
amoRebis win 2-3 dRiT adre CiTili sasurvelia
damuSavdes sistemuri fungicidiTa da inseqticidiT, xolo erTi dRiT adre ki aucileblad
unda movrwyaT, rom fesvTa sistema dauzianebeli
SerCes.
mcenareebis aRmocenebis Semdeg, mzian amindSi,
saWiroa firebis moxda, xolo saRamosaTvis kvlav
dafareba. am samuSaoebis Sedegad, unda miviRoT
1 kv.m-ze pamidvris 300-400 cali CiTili, kombostos - 200-250c, xolo wiwakis 400-500c. CiTili.
Tesvis win Tesli unda Seiwamlos Sesabamisi fungicidiT.
10
niadagis ganoyiereba
organuli sasuqebidan, sabostne nakveTebSi,
ZiriTadad msxvilfexa saqonlis gadamwvari nakeli unda gamoviyenoT, romelic saSualod Seicavs _ 0,5% -s, 0,25% P2O5,-s da 0,6% K2O-s. Tu
heqtarze SevitanT 30 tona gadamwvar nakels,
maSin Setanili iqneba N - 150 kg, P2O5 -75kg da
K2O - 180 kg. aqedan gamomdinare, Cven rekomendacias vaZlevT nakelis Setanisas mineraluri
sasuqebis gamoyenebis 50%-iT Semcirebas, rac
sakmarisia imisaTvis, rom mcenare uzrunvelyofili iyos mineraluri sakvebiT.
cxrili 1
bostneuli kulturebis mier mineraluri elementebis gamotana
niadagidan mosavlianobis mixedviT
#
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
kultura
TeTrTaviani kombosto
pomidori
sufris Warxali
stafilo
Taviani xaxvi
kitri
boloki
mosavali
1 ha-ze tona
50
40
40
30
25
30
10
mineraluri sasuqebis dozebis dacva gansakuTrebul yuradRebas moiTxovs, vinaidan mcire
dozebis Setanam SeiZleba niadagis gamofitva
gamoiwvios, xolo Warbi dozebis gamoyenebisas
ki SesaZloa moxdes produqciis dabinZureba.
Tu niadagis ganoyierebas marto nakeliT vapirebT, maSin heqtarze 60-100 tona naxevrad
1 heqtarze mosavali Seicavs
(gamoaqvs) kg
N
205
132
108
69
111
51
50
P2O5
70
46
61
31
29
41
15
K2O
245
181
171
114
53
78
54
gadamwvari nakelis Setanaa saWiro, budnebSi
Sesatanad ki sakmarisia 12-20 tona gadamwvari
nakeli. aRniSnuli doziT niadagis ganoyiereba
moqmedebs 2-4 wlis ganmavlobaSi.
mineraluri
sasuqebidan
mebostneobaSi
ZiriTadad iyeneben azotian, fosforian da kaliumian sasuqebs. maTi dozebis gansazRvrisas
11
unda gaviTvaliswinoT sasuqebSi sakvebi elementebis procentuli Semcveloba, masze mcenaris moTxovna da niadagis tipi.
Teslis xarisxobrivi maCveneblebi da
misi momzadeba dasaTesad
Tesli unda iyos axali, saRi da kargad momwife-
buli. dasaTesad saukeTesoa erTi wlis Tesli.
gamonakliss warmoadgens gogrovani mcnareebi,
romelTa 2-3 wlis Teslebi erTi wlis Teslze ufro nayofieria. Teslis gamoyenebis xangrZlivoba, xarisxobrivi da sxva maCveneblebi
warmodgenilia qvemoT mocemul cxrilSi.
cxrili 2
bostneuli kulturebis Teslebis Rirsebis maCveneblebi
da Tesvis normebi
#
Teslis
Senaxvis
vargisianoba /(w.)
1 g-Si Teslis
raode-noba /
(cali)
aRmocenebis
unari I
klasis TeslisaTvis / %
1000 Teslis wona
(gr.)
Tesvis
norma
kg/ha
mcenareTa
dgoma
1 ha-ze aTasi cali
3-4 weli
250-300
85%
3,1-3,5
0,4-0,6
25-30
4-8 weli
250-300
85%
2,8-3,3
0,4-0,6
35-45
4-5 weli
50-90
80%
10-16
10-12
400-600
2-3 weli
800-900
70%
1,3-1,5
4,0-6,0
1200-1500
3
350-400
80%
2,8-3,7
6-8
5000-6000
4.
Taviani kombosto
pomidori
sufris Warxali
stafilo
5.
Taviani xaxvi
6.
kitri
6-8
40-60
90%
16-25
3,0-3,5
200-240
7.
boloki
3-4
100-120
85%
7-8
8-10
1250-1300
1.
2.
3.
12
kultura
bostneulis dasaTesad unda gamoviyenoT
mxolod cxrilSi aRniSnuli Rirsebis Teslebi, xolo sakuTari warmoebisas Tesli unda davamzadoT mxolod I klasis Teslebis moTxovnebis
Sesabamisad.
yovelmxriv Semowmebuli Tesli Tesvamde
kvlav momzadebas moiTxovs. daTesvis win Tesli
2-3 saaTiT unda moTavsdes TermostatSi +60+620C
temperaturaze, Semdeg ki moxdes misi mSrali
wesiT wamloba (romelime axali preparatiT).
amisaTvis Tesli da preparati unda movaTavsoT
hermetulad daxurul minis WurWelSi an polieTilenis parkSi (1 kg Teslze 4-6 gr preparatis
SereviT) da vanjRrioT 5-10 wuTis ganmavlobaSi.
proceduris dasrulebis Semdeg Tesli SegviZlia
dasaTesad gamoviyenoT.
imisaTvis, rom CvenTvis sasurveli raodenobis Tesli vawarmooT, unda vicodeT kulturis
Teslis mosavlianoba da misi gamosavali. ixileT cxrili 3.
13
cxrili 3
bostneulis Teslis mosavlianoba da gamosavali
#
kultura
Teslis gamosavlis % produqciis masidan
Ria grunti
daxuruli grunti
34
-
2000
800
0,6-1,0
0,25-0,5
100
50
1.
Taviani kombosto
2.
pomidori
3.
sufris Warxali
6-8
-
2000
800
4.
stafilo
3-4
-
2000
800
5.
Taviani xaxvi
3-6
-
1000
500
6.
kitri
1,0-1,5
0,45-1,2
1000
500
7.
boloki
5-6
-
2000
600
morwyva
vegetaciis periodSi bostneuli mcenareebi didi raodenobiT wyals moixmaren, amitom
gvalvian adgilebSi, myari, uxvi da xarisxiani
mosavlis miReba, morwyvis gareSe SeuZlebelia.
bostneuli mcenareebi, tenianobis yvelaze
meti moTxovnilebiT, ganviTarebis sxvadasxva
fazebSi gamoirCevian: xaxvi _foTlebis intensi14
saTesle saizolacio manZili,
aranaklebi - metri
Teslis
mosavali
cent/ha
uri zrdis fazaSi, kitri da pomidori _ nayofis ganviTarebis fazaSi, kombosto _ Tavebis
daxvevis dawyebidan, Zirxvenebi _ zrdisa da
Zirxvenebis damsxvilebisas.
morwyvis sixSire damokidebulia niadagze,
klimatze, gamoyenebul agroteqnikaze, morwyvis
wesebze, kulturis saxeobaze, morwyvis normaze
da sxv. amitom niadagi unda movrwyaT im varau-
diT rom masSi
wyali kritikul
donemde (zRvruli ten-tevadobis 60-65%-ze) ar
davides.
bostani unda
movrwyaT kvlebSi miSvebiT. mcire nakadiT _ gaJonvis (horiztaluri filtracia) wesiT. sarwyavi kvlebi unda daiWras miwis Semomyreli
guTnebiT, cxenis an mini traqtorebis sakidi
kultivator-miwis SemomyrelebiT. sarwyavi wylis ekonomiisa da maRalefeqturi gamoyenebis
TvalsazrisiT saukeTeso Sedegebs iZleva wveTovani morwyva.
bostneulis movla
bostneuli kulturebis naTesebis movla
moiTxovs iseTi samuSaoebis Catarebas, rogoricaa niadagis zedapirze gaCenili qerqis daSla,
gacdenili adgilebis gamoTesva _gamorgva,
saWiroebis mixedviT Toxna_gafxviereba; sarevelebTan brZola; qimiuri da biologiuri meTo-
debiT mavnebel daavadebebTan brZola; naTesebis gameCxereba_mwkrivebis margvla, morwyva,
saTesleebis akvra da a.S.
naTesebis margvla umjobesia Catardes nawvimarze an morwyvis Semdeg, teniani niadagidan
sarevelebis fesvianad amoReba ufro iolia.
sarevela mcenareebi sasurvelia moispos, rogorc
naTesebSi, ise gzebze da sarwyav arxebTan.
naTesebis gameCxerianebis periodi damokidebulia kulturis Taviseburebasa da gameCxerianebis wesze. pirveli gameCxerianebisas mcenareebs Soris (xaxvi, stafilo, Warxali, kitri
da sxv.) manZili 2-3 sm-s ar unda aRematebodes,
Semdeg ki TandaTanobiT gavzardoT, sanam mcenarisaTvis saWiro kvebis ares ar mivaRwevT. zogierTi kulturebis (stafilo, Warxali, xaxvi,
boloki da sxv.) ganmeorebiT gameCxerianeba manam ar unda Catardes, sanam axalgazrda mcenare
sakvebad ar iqneba gamosadegi (sakone xaxvi, stafilo, Warxali, boloki da sxv.).
15
Tavi II
erTwliani bostneuli kulturebis
meTesleobis agroteqnika
erTwlian bostneuls miekuTvnebian is mcenareebi, romlebic TavianT sasicocxlo cikls
aRmonacenidan Teslis momwifebamde erT savegetacio periodSi amTavreben. esenia: pomidori,
badrijani, wiwaka, kitri, nesvi, sazamTro, gogra,
yabayi, patisoni, salaTa, ispanaxi, lobio, qinZi,
cereco, qondari, rehani da sxva.
pomidori
pomidvris
samSoblod meqsika da samxreT
amerikis
tropikuli
mxare iTvleba. samSobloSi pomidori mravalwliani mcenarea. CvenSi
mas vamravlebT, rogorc
erTwlian
kulturas.
e.i. nayofsa da Tesls
pirvel welsve viRebT.
pomidori siTbos moyvar
16
uli mcenarea, igi +10 +120 C temperaturaze zrdas aCerebs, xolo 0 -1 0 C iRupeba.
pomidvrisTvis yvelaze karg niadagad iTvleba nayofieri, struqturiani, msubuqi Tixnari,
Tixa, kargi wyaltevadobis Rrma niadagebi.
misTvis uvargisia haerisa da wylis cudi tevadobis, mJave da tute niadagebi. gvalvian adgilebSi pomidvrisTvis unda SevarCioT mxolod
sarwyavi nakveTebi.
niadagis ganoyiereba
pomidori niadagidan didi raodenobiT sakveb
elementebs iRebs, amitom misTvis SerCeuli nakveTi an wina wlis ganoyierebuli unda iyos, an
uSualod - dargvis win. niadagis ganoyierebis
mizniT, mineraluri sasuqebidan viyenebT azotovan, fosforovan da kaliumian sasuqebs.
sasuqis Setana aucilebelia erTmaneTTan simbiozSi. azotis Sefardeba kaliumTan
unda iyos 1:2. es niSnavs, rom Tu azoti 2 kg.
Segvaqvs, kaliumi unda SevitaniT 4 kg. (igulisxmeba wminda elementi, anu - moqmedi nivTiereba).
amiT mcirdeba nitratebis (NO3) da (NO2) Sem-
cveloba. Sesabamisad garantirebulia ekologiurad sufTa produqtis miReba. calmxrivi
gapativebisas sasuqebis efeqti dabalia. maRali
da xarisxiani mosavlis misaRebad aucilebelia
samive saxis sasuqis Setana saTanado dozebiT.
sapomidvre nakveTSi SeaqvT 40-60 tona saqonlis gadamwvari nakeli, xolo naxevrad gadamwvari _ ufro meti. Tu gadamwvari nakeli cota
gvaqvs, igi budnebSi (mcenareTa ZirSi) unda SevitanoT 0,5-1,0 kg. raodenobiT.
sarwyav da Warbtenian adgilebSi organuli,
fosforovani da kaliumiani sasuqebi SeaqvT
Semodgomaze, mzralad xvnis win, an gazafxulze, kultivaciis dawyebis win. organuli sasuqis
Semodgomaze Setanis SemTxvevaSi mineraluri
sasuqebis dozebi unda ganaxevrdes.
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu pomidors mxolod mineraluri sasuqebiT vanoyierebT, erT heqtarze unda
SevitanoT 4-5 centneri sulfatamoniumi an 2,53,0 centneri amoniumis gvarjila, superfosfati
5-7c da kaliumis marili 1,5-2,0 c. Setana xdeba
xeliT da manqaniT, mwkrivad an mofantviT.
niadagis damuSaveba
saTesle nakveTis damuSaveba unda
daviwyoT winamorbedi kulturebis
narCenebis gawmendiT, Semdeg niadagSi SevitanoT organo-mineraluri
sasuqebi da movxnaT winasaxnisiani
guTniT 26-28 sm siRrmeze. gazafxulze mzralis SeSrobisTanave,
tenis SenarCunebis mizniT, niadagi
davfarcxoT da nakveTi CiTilebis
dargvamde ase davtovoT. dargvis win
SevitanoT azotiani sasuqi da CavataroT
kultivacia-dafarcxva. bolos gavakeToT bazo
kvlebi da sarwyavi arxebi.
pomidvris Tesva da CiTilebis
gadargva
pomidvris CiTili unda gamoviyvanoT kvalsaTburebSi, polieTilenis saTburkvalSi (ix. nax 1)
an Ria kvlebSi. Tesva unda Catardes gadargvamde 50-65 dRiT adre. ukve momZlavrebuli da
kargad ganviTarebuli CiTilebi dasargavad mudmiv adgilze gadavitanoT.
17
bostneulis CiTilisa da produqciis
mosayvani mzis Tburebis gvirabisebri
saTburkvali
pomidvris CiTili amoRebis
win 2-4 dRiT adre unda moirwyas, Seiwamlos sistemuri fungicidisa da sistemuri inseqticidis kombinirebuli xsnariT
da dairgas mudmiv adgilze.
dabalmozard determinantul
jiSebs Soris kvebis area 70sm
X 30-35sm, xolo maRalmozardi
jiSebis - 70sm X 60-70sm-ze.
CiTili irgveba xeliT, palos
gamoyenebiT, an - bariT. dabalmozardi
jiSebis
aRzrda
xdeba
bazo-kvlebze
dawvniT,
x o l o
18
naxati 1
maRalmozardi jiSebi unda aikras sarebze,
mavTulze dakidebul Tokze an gvirabisebr
sayrdenebze. nargavebi unda moirwyas.
sxvadasxva konstruqciis sayrdenebi
maRalmozardi bostneulis
kulturebisTvis
meore naxatze waarmodgenili maRalmozardi
pomidvrisaTvis sayrdenebis ramdenime tipi arsebobs. sayrdenebad SeiZleba gamoviyenoT xis sarebi, bambuki, 6-8 mm sigrZis “katanka” mavTuli,
polimeruli masalis milebi, xis damuSavebis Sedegad darCenili wvrili narCenebi da sxva.
dargvidan 4-6 dRis Semdeg saWiroa gacdenili
adgilebis gamorgva da ganmeorebiT morwyva.
vegetaciis periodSi niadagi unda iyos fxvieri
da sarevelebisgan gaTavisuflebuli. amisaTvis
saWiroa ToxiT an xelis kultivatoriT mwkrivebis
2-3-jer damuSaveba, morwyva moTxovnilebisda
mixedviT (4-6-jer), mavneblebisa da daavadebebis
winaaRmdeg sistematuri brZola.
maRalmozard saTesle pomidors sayrdenebze akraven 2-3
adgilas. sayrdenebze akruli
mcenareebi ukeTaa ganaTebuli,
nayofi ar talaxiandeba da naklebad avaddeba. Sedegad miiReba maRalxarisxovani nayofi da
saTesle masala.
gamokveba
vegetaciis periodSi pomidvris
gamokveba sasurvelia organuli nivTierebebiT.
wyalSi daduRebuli 1 wili frinvelis nakeli
unda gazavdes 10-15 wil wyalSi. Tu frinvelis
nakeli ar gvaqvs, maSin Segvaqvs 4-5 wil wyalSi
gazavebuli saqonlis JiJa, an 8-10 wil wyalSi
gazavebuli saqonlis axali nakeli, romelic
mcenareebs ZirebSi 8-10 m sigrZeze unda moesxuros. yovel vedro xsnars unda daematos 50 g.
superfosfati, 20-25 grami kaliumi. narevi unda
moesxuros niadagze. es procedura tardeba 12-jer, pirvelad - nayofebis formirebis dasawyisSi, meored _ ori kviris Semdeg.
gasxvla
gasxvla saWiroa maRalmozard, Zlieri ganviTarebis pomidvris jiSebze. igi xels uwyobs
mcenaris kvebis pirobebis gaumjobesebas, maT
maqsimalur ganaTebas, nayofebis damsxvilebas
da daavadebebis gavrcelebis Semcirebas. pomidvris dabalteniani jiSebi ar isxvleba.
gasxvlisas pomidors unda darCes Ziridan 23 amonayari, xolo sxva amonayari _ namxrevebi,
mTlianad unda Seecalos, rom buCqi gamoTxeldes. vegetaciis periodSi SeiZleba misi gafurCqvnac.
jiSuri wmenda
saTesle nakveTebze aucilebelia Catardes jiSuri wmenda. CiTilebis dargvisas unda gamovarCioT da gadavyaroT susti, daavadebuli da
jiSuri niSnebiT gadaxrili mcenareebi. jiSuri
niSnebi mkveTrad SeiniSneba nayofebis damwifebis dasawyiSi. amitom ujiSo da daavadebuli
mcenareebi pirveli krefis dawyebamde unda gadavyaroT da SevadginoT saTanado aqti. saukeTeso mcenareebi movniSnoT specialuri iar19
liyebiT (pozitiuri gadarCeva), xolo saTesle
nayofebi movkrifoT SerCeviT. darCenili nayofi SeiZleba gamoviyenoT sakvebad.
Teslis damzadeba
pomidvris mosavlis aRebamde unda Catardes
aprobacia. Teslis gamosavlianoba bevrad aris
damokidebuli Teslis damzadebis teqnikaze.
yvelaze mosavlianad iTvleba pirveli xuTi mtevnidan SerCeuli saukeTeso nayofis Tesli. amitom, rogorc wesi, Tesli unda damzaddes pirveli
5-6 krefis periodSi aRebuli nayofis Teslidan.
Teslis damzadeba unda dasruldes seqtembris
pirvel dekadaSi. mokrefili mwife nayofi ramdenime dRiT unda movaTavsoT specialur taraSi an
Taroebze - ukeT dasamwifeblad, raTa darbilebul nayofs Tesli advilad moscildes.
Teslis damzadebis win saTesle nayofebi
unda gavrecxoT, Semdeg gavWraT gardigardmo da ceris daWeriT Tesli budidan gamovacalkevoT. gamocalkevebuli Tesli movaTavsoT xis kasrSi an minis WurWelSi da davtovoT
dasaduReblad araumetes 2-3 dRisa, rom ar Sem20
cirdes misi aRmocenebis unari. e.w. “daduRebuli” Tesli 3-4 jer gavrecxoT wyliT da WurWlis Zirze daZirvisTanave gadavwuroT. kargad
garecxili Tesli gavSaloT ficarze an tiloze
da movaTavsoT Crdilian adgilas gasaSrobad.
Tu Tesli daikoSta, is xeliT unda davfSvnaT.
Teslis gamosavali Seadgens 0,3-0,5%-s. e.i. 300500 gr. Teslis misaRebad saWiroa 100 kg pomidori. Teslis absoluturi wona 2,5-6 gr-ia.
wiwaka
wiwakis samSoblod meqsika da gvatemala iTvleba.
Tavis samSobloSi wiwaka mravalwliani mcenarea.
CvenSi mas vamravlebT rogorc erTwlian kulturas, Tumca, qoTnebSi, oTaxis da saTburis pirobebSi
moyvanili wiwaka ramdenime,
weli cocxlobs.
wiwaka sinaTlis da wylis moyvaruli bostneulia.
igi
moiTxovs
noyier, fxvier, struqturian niadags. misTvis
ganoyiereba mosavlianobis gazrdis erT-erTi
pirobaa.
nayofis gemos mixedviT ansxvaveben tkbil da
mware wiwakas. tkbil wiwakas umTavresad iyeneben sakonservo warmoebaSi, mwares ki - saneleblad. wiwaka yvelaze met ,,C” vitamins Seicavs,
igi TviTmtveriaa, magram xSir SemTxvevaSi jvaredinad mtveriandeba, amitom, jiSiani meTesleobis mizniT, jiSebs Soris sivrcobrivi izolacia unda iyos daculi.
wiwakis agroteqnika _ pomidvris agroteqnikis msgavsia. wiwakas, iseve, rogorc pomidors,
winaswar gamoyvanili CiTiliT vrgavT, romelic
gadargvamde 40-50 dRiT adre iTeseba. 1 m2-ze
modis 300-400 cali Tbil an Ria kvalze gamoyvanili CiTili.
wiwakas, pomidvris msgavsad Wirdeba niadagis momzadeba, sasuqebis Setana, gamokveba, CiTilebis amoReba, dargva da movla.
vis sqemaa 60sm X 30sm, mware wiwakis ki - 50sm
X 25sm. wiwakas rgaven bazo kvlebze. dargvis
Semdgom aucilebelia morwyva da 4-6 dRis Semdeg gacdenili adgilebis gamorgva. wiwaka didi
raodenobiT haers da tens moiTxovs. nayofebis
gamonaskva kargad mimdinareobs maSin, roca
haeris SefardebiTi tenianoba 60-70%-ia. naklebi tenianobisas naskvi da axlad gamonaskvuli
nayofi cviva. amitomac, vegetaciis periodSi,
igi moiTxovs 8-10-jer morwyvas. mosavlianobaSi Sesvlis periodidan rwyva yoveli krefis
Semdeg tardeba. saTesled SerCeul TiToeul
buCqze unda davtovoT 3-6 cali saukeTeso nayofi, uvargisebi ki movkrifoT.
saTesle wiwakis jiSuri wmenda tardeba mcenaris mTel savegetacio periodSi. Aam dros nakveTs unda movaciloT jiSisaTvis aratipiuri
mcenareebi (daavadebuli da dabalmosavliani)
da
SevadginoT saTanado
wiwaka irgveba mwkrivad. tkbili wiwakis darg21
aqti. wiwakis jiSuri Tvisebebis gaumjobesebis
mizniT, saTesle nakveTebSi, sistematurad unda
SevarCioT saukeTeso egzemplarebi. maTgan aviRoT Tesli da SevinaxoT saTesled Semdegi
wlisaTvis.
wiwakidan Tesls viRebT maSin, rodesac nayofi srul simwifes miaRwevs. mwife nayofs ukve
aqvs jiSisaTvis damaxasiaTebli feri. saTesle
nayofebi movkrifoT xeliT.
ojaxSi mosaxmarebeli nayofi Zafze asxmuli,
mSral adgilas unda SevinaxoT. daTesvis dRes
Tesli nayofs movaciloT da davTesoT. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Tesls sarealizaciod vamzadebT,
saWiroa, droulad gamoviRoT nayofidan. Teslis gamosaRebad umjobesia, saTesle nayofis
yunws TiTiT davawveT da SigniT CavamtvrioT.
Semdeg yunwiT amoviRoT Teslbude, gavfinoT,
gavaSroT da Tesli Teslbudidan gamovfSvnaT.
nayofgaremo ki calke gavaxmoT da saneleblad
gamoviyenoT.
cxare wiwakis Teslis gamoclisas, aucilebe22
lia, saxeze iqonioT dolbandis safari, radgan
kafsacinma (sicxarem) sasunTqi gzebi da Tvalis
lorwovani garsi ar daazianos. nayofi gamofSvnamde wyliT unda dainamos. Tesli ganmeorebiT
unda gamoSres da Sesanaxad moTavsdes specialur iarliyian tomrebSi.
tkbili wiwakis 1t. nayofidan (nedli) miiReba
30-36 kg. Tesli e.i. Teslis gamosavalia 3-3,5%,
xolo mware wiwakis nayofis Teslis gamosavalia
7-8%. e.i. yovel 100 kg. nedli saTesleebidan
miiReba 7,0-8,0 kg. Tesli, xolo gamxmari, mware
wiwakis nayofis Teslis gamosavalia 25-30%. 1
ha-dan Teslis saSualo gamosavalia 1-2 centneri.
kitri
kitris samSoblod indoeTi, indonezia da
samxreT CineTi iTvleba. kitri, siTbos da tenis
moyvaruli, mxviara da mxoxavi, jvaredinmtveria
mcenarea. igi iviTarebs erTbinian, calsqesian
yvavilebs. meTesleobis zonebSi unda vTesoT
kitris mxolod erTi jiSi.
kitri mokle savegkitrisaTvis saukeTeso winamorbedebia: eretacio periodis kul- Twliani da mravalwliani balaxebi, parkosnebi,
turaa, daTesvidan 50- kombosto, xaxvi da kartofili.
60 dReSi iZleva mwvane
nayofs, xolo 30-100
unda vicodeT, rom bostneuli kulturebis
dReSi sruliad vargi- erTsa da imave nakveTze Tesva-rgva dauSvebelia.
sian Tesls.
qarian da mzisgul adgilebSi mizanSewonilia
kitri
moiTxovs kitris kulisuri Tesva. qaris sawinaaRmdego
noyier, struqturian mxridan, yoveli 5-6 metris daSorebiT, kitrs
niadags. mis mosayvanad unda davuTesoT, or-sam mwkrivad, simindi, mzesaukeTeso
mosavals sumzira, an sorgo.
iZleva axladaTvisebuli axo da yamiriani niad- niadagis momzadeba
kitrisaTvis nakveTis damuSaveba wina wels
agebi. TeslbrunvaSi ikavebs nakeliT ganoyierebul pirvel mindors. nakeliT gapativebisas iwyeba da grZeldeba Tesvis periodamde. Semodheqtarze saWiroa 40-60 t. saqonlis gadamwvari gomaze, seqtember-oqtomberSi, nakveTi unda
nakeli da mineraluri sasuqebis sruli dozis gaiwmindos winamdebare kulturis narCenebisa50%. mineraluri sasuqebiT ganoyierebisas, sru- gan, Setanil iqnas organo-mineraluri sasuqebis
li dozebia: superfosfati 5-6 centneri, sulfa- garkveuli raodenoba da moixnas mzralad. tenis
tamoniumi 2,5-3 centneri, an amoniumis gvarjila SenarCunebis mizniT, mzrali, adre gazafxulze,
am dozis naxevari da kaliumis marili 1,5-2,0 niadagis piris SeSrobisTanave unda daifarcxos,
centneri heqtarze.
Tesvamde Setanil iqnas agroteqnikiT gaTvaliswinebuli azotian-mineraluri sasuqi da Cau23
tardes kultivacia-dafarcxva. amgvarad nakveTi mzadaa dasaTesad.
Tesva
Tesva unda daviwyoT
maSin, rodesac niadagSi
10 sm siRrmeze temperatura +13+150C miaRwevs.
saTesled,
Cveulebriv,
amjobineben 2-3 wlis Teslebs. sanam davTesavT,
Tesli 2 saaTis ganmavlobaSi TermostatSi unda
gavaxuroT (+55+620C), Semdeg gavagriloT da
saTanado preparatiT SevwamloT. Sewamlvamde
Tesli odnav unda davnamoT, raTa wamali kargad miekras da 5-10 wuTis ganmavlobaSi vanjRrioT. Tesli unda Seiwamlos TiToeul kilogramze 4-6 gr. wamlis SereviT. es procedura
CavataroT Tavdaxurul qilaSi an polieTilenis Tavmokrul parkSi. amis Semdeg Tesli mzadaa
dasaTesad.
kitris Tesva umjobesia mwkrivebad. grZelbardiani jiSebi iTeseba 110-120 sm mwkrivTa24
SorisebiT, moklebardianebi ki - 80-90 sm. mwkrivebSi grZelbardiani jiSebi sabolood 22-25 smze unda davtovoT, xolo moklebardianebi - 1820 sm-ze. Teslis Tesvis siRrme damokidebulia
niadagze da mis tenianobaze. msubuq niadagebSi
Tesls vTesavT 4-5 sm siRrmeze, mZime niadagebSi
ki - 2-3 sm-ze. Tesvis norma mwkrivad Tesvisas
4-5 kg/h-ia. Tesvis Semdgom unda gaiWras sarwyavi kvlebi, xolo, Tu gvalvis gamo aRmonaceni
droze ver miviReT, saWiroa maSinve morwyva.
naTesis movla
Tu naTesi moviReT meCxeri, is maSinve unda
gamoiTesos winaswar dambali, imave jiSis da
partiis TesliT. masobrivi aRmocenebis Semdeg,
mwkrivebsa da budnebs Soris niadagi xeliT an
kultivatoriT unda gavafxvieroT, xolo mcenareebs Soris manZili xeliT ganvsazRvroT.
kitri aRmocenebidan datotvis Semdeg SedarebiT sustad izrdeba, xolo datotvis dawyebis
Semdeg - swrafad. amitom, pirvel fazaSi Catarebulma samuSaoebma unda uzrunvelyon mcenareTa
swrafi ganviTarebisaTvis niadagSi saWiro tenisa
mosavlianobis gazrdis mizniT, saWiroa, vegetaciis periodSi Catardes mineraluri sasuqebiT gamokveba (masobrivi yvavilobis fazaSi)
- heqtarze 70-80 sulfatamoniumi an 35-40 kg
amoniumis gvarjila. naTesi maSinve ToxiT unda
CakeTdes da moirwyas.
gamosakvebad, aseve SeiZleba gamoviyenoT
saqonlis JiJa, ise, rogorc aRniSnulia pomidvris SemTxvevaSi.
da sakvebis raodenoba. amisaTvis aucilebelia mwkrivebze miwis Semoyra da 2-3-jer kultivaciagafxviereba, vidre bardi ar Caiketeba.
naTesebis gamoxSirva unda Catardes orjer:
pirveli leban-foTlebis fazaSi an pirveli
namdvili foTlis ganviTarebisas. am procesis
dros mcenareebs vtovebT 6-8 sm-is daSorebiT,
budnebSi ki vacliT sust da ganuviTarebel
naTesebs. meore gamoxSirva tardeba 2-3-jer,
namdvili foTlis fazaSi, zemoaRniSnuli manZilebis daSorebiT.
morwyva da jiSobrivi wmenda
kitri tenis moyvaruli kulturaa. igi
moiTxovs, rogorc niadagis, aseve SefardebiTi tenis did raodenobas. kitri kvlebSi unda
moirwyas 6-8-jer. pirveli morwyva saWiroa Tesvamde, an Tesvis Semdeg Catardes. meore - masobrivad aRmocenebis Semdeg, mesame - yvavilobis
dawyebamde, Semdegi morwyvebi ki, 8-10 dRis intervaliT, vegetaciis periodis dasrulebamde,
raTa niadagSi teni ar daeces zRvruli tentevadobis 70-65%-ze qvemoT.
25
yvavilobisa da gamonaskvis dros saTesleebis wylisadmi moTxovnileba izrdeba, amitom am
fazaSi mcenareebi yvelaze metad unda uzrunvelvyoT wyliT.
jiSian saTesle nakveTebze, saWiroa, Catardes
mravaljeradi jiSuri wmenda. pirvel gawmendas
vatarebT masobrivi mdedrobiTi yvavilobisa da
gamonaskvis periodSi. vacilebT yvela mankian,
daavadebul, sustad ganviTarebul, yvavilobaSi
gvian Sesul, nakleb-mosavlian (romelsac mdedrobiTi yvavilebi cota aqvs gamoyvanili) da
ZiriTadi jiSisagan gansxvavebul mcenareebs.
meore jiSuri wmenda tardeba nayofebis masobrivi ganviTarebisa da erTeuli saTesleebis
momwifebis dasawyisSi. am dros mTavari yuradReba unda mieqces mwvane nayofis formas,
fers, zedapiris Sefervis xarisxs da tips. jiSisgan gansxvavebuli yvela mcenare nayofianad
iTxreba. amgvarad, saTesled rCeba kargad ganviTarebuli da tipobrivi formis mwvane nayofi.
danarCen nayofs viyenebT sakvebad.
26
masobrivi mwvane nayofebis formirebisa da erTeuli saTesle nayofebis momwifebis dasawyisSi,
saTesle nakveTze unda Catardes aprobacia.
mesame jiSuri wmenda saWiroebis mixedviT
tardeba.
saTesleebis gamorCeva. krefa da Teslis
damzadeba
kitris TiToeul buCqze saTesleebad varCevT tipobrivi formisa da sididis 4-5 nayofs.
saTesle kitri sxvadasxva dros Semodis, amitom
mas ramdenjerme an erTdroulad viRebT.
Tu mokrefili saTesle nayofi kargi Semosulia, mas maSinve vWriT da viRebT Tesls, Tu ara,
vtovebT momwifebamde garkveuli droiT ise,
rom nayofi lpobamde ar mivides.
YTeslis xeliT gamorCevisas nayofs sigrZeze
vWriT, orive naxevridan Tesls kovziT an TiTiT
vacliT da vyriT xis WurWelSi dasaduReblad.
daduRebis mesame dRes Tesls kargad movurevT,
movacilebT Tavze momdgar Tesls, gavrecxavT
5-6-jer, gadavwuravT cxrilSi da gadavitanT
saSrob qaRaldze (SeiZleba naWerze, cxavebze,
an faneraze). Tesls vaSrobT CrdilSi an mzeze,
gaSrobisas saWiroa areva, rom Tesli Tanabrad
da droze gaSres. kitris nayofidan Teslis gamosavalia 0,7-1,0%. gaSrobis Semdeg Tesli unda
ganiavdes, gaiwmindos xeliT an petkusiT. ganiavebuli da daxarisxebuli Tesli unda moTavsdes tomrebSi saTanado warweriT, sadac iqneba
miTiTebuli jiSuri monacemebi da warmoebis
adgili.
Teslis mosavali damokidebulia jiSze da naTesis movlaze. igi meryeobs 1,5-3,5 centneris
farglebSi. heqtarze Teslis absoluturi wona
16-35 gr-ia.
parkosnebi
mebostneobis TeslbrunvaSi parkosnebi meore-mesame wels
ikaveben
organuli
sasuqebiT ganoyierebul mindors. maTTvis
kargi winamorbedebia:
kombosto, kitri, pomidori, Warxali da
kartofili. parkosani mcenareebi Tavis
mindors 4-5 welze
adre ar unda daubrundnen. isini TviTmtveria
mcenareebia, amitom saTesle nakveTebze bardasa
da lobios 2-3 jiSis Tesvisas saizolacio manZilad miCneulia 50m. parkosnebisaTvis saukeTeso niadagad miiCneven fxvier, msubuq, Tixnar da
noyier miwas.
lobio, cercvi, barda
parkosnebs mebostneobaSi sakmaod didi adgili uWiravT. maT parks da mwvane marcvals farTod iyeneben, rogorc sakonservo, ise yoveldRiur moxmarebaSi.
niadagis damuSaveba
parkosnebisaTvis niadagis damuSaveba Semodgomaze iwyeba, iseve, rogorc saTesle pomidorisa da kitrisTvis. Tumca, am kulturebisgan
gansxvavebiT, parkosani naTesebisaTvis niadagis
27
xvnis win Segvaqvs superfosfati 3-4 c, kaliumis marili 1,5 c. da 0,5 c. sulfat-amoniumi.
gazafxulze mzralze davfarcxoT, Tesvis win
ki CavataroT 12-14 sm siRrmeze kultivacia-dafarcxva.
Tesva
parkosnebis
Tesli
kargad
unda gadairCes, Semowmdes aRmocenebis unari, Tesvis win
Seiwamlos da damuSavdes.
Tesva SeiZleba Catardes xeliT - budobrivad, xolo
mwkrivad - manqanebis saSualebiT.
mwkrivad Tesvis
d r o s
bardis mwkrivebs Soris manZili unda iyos 30-40
sm, lobios
da cercvis - 45-50
sm. mwkrivebSi
mcenareTa Soris
manZili, bardasa da lobiosaTvis - 10-12 sm-ia,
cercvisaTvis
12-15 sm.
Tesvis normis cvalebadoba damokidebulia
Tesvis wesebisa da Teslis simsxoze. bardas
28
wvrilTeslian jiSebs 1 ha-ze vTesavT 120-500
kg-s. msxvilTeslianebs 175-200 kg-s, lobios 7090, xolo cercvis 200-250 kg-s, Tesvis siRrme
3-6 sm.
movla
Tesvis Semdeg niadags SeiZleba dasWirdes
kbilebiani farcxiT zedapiruli gafxviereba.
1-2 Toxna miwis Semoyra, mwkrivebis damuSaveba,
mavnebel-davadebebis winaaRmdeg brZola da
morwyva.
arsebobs parkosnebis ori forma
- kuti da mxviara. mxviara formebi (barda, lobio) saWiroeben Wigos, an sxva saxis sayrdenebs.
gvalvis dors, saWiroa, 2-3-jer moirwyas da
Catardes jiSuri wmenda. lobios saTesle farTobebze pirveli wmenda unda Catardes yvavilobisa da parkebis ganviTarebis fazaSi. bardisa
da cerecos naTesebSi ki - yvavilobisas. parkosnebis meore wmenda tardeba qveda parkebis
damwifebisas. am dros unda mocildes jiSisagan gansxvavebuli yvaviliani mcenareebi, RerofoTliT gansxvavebulebi, daavadebulebi da
sxva.
mosavlis aReba
lobios kuti jiSebis mosavals viRebT erTdroulad, parkebis masobrivi momwifebis fazaSi, xolo mxviera da naxevradmxviera jiSebs
- TandaTanobiT, ramdenjerme. momwifeba iwyeba
qvemodan.
xeliT mosavlis aRebisas, Zirebs
vglejT fesvebianad, ramdenime dRiT vfenT
kaloze an brezentze, srul gaxmobamde, Semdeg
ki gamovbegvavT da salew manqanaSi gavatarebT.
gamorCeul marcvlebs gavatarebT saniavebeldamxarisxebel manqanaSi da SevinaxavT tomrebSi
Sesabamisi iarliyiT.
cereco
cereco CvenSi kamis saxeliTaa cnobili. maT
Soris msgavseba-gansxvaveba didia. cereco erTwliani mcenarea, kama ki - mravalwliani, yinvagamZlea. igi iTeseba, rogorc zamTrispirad,
ise adre gazafxulze. misi Tesva ukeTesia zamTrispirze, sabostne adgilas. mineraluri sasuqebidan viyenebT 1 ha-ze 3-3.5 c sulfatamoniums an am dozis naxevar amoniumis gvarjilas.
superfosfati 4.0 c da kaliumis marili 1,5-2,0
centneri.
cerecos vTesavT xeliT an manqaniT. mwkrivad,
Tesvis norma - 6-10 kg/ha, Tesvis siRrme 1-1.5 sm.
gamoxSirvis Semdeg mcenareTa Soris vtovebT 1015 sm-s. movliTi samuSaoebidan saWiroa niadagis 2-3 jer gafxviereba, gansazRvrul manZilze
2-jer gamoxSirva_danormeba. saWiroa, aseve, jiSuri wmenda da aprobaciis Catareba.
cereco jvaredinmtveria mcenarea, amitom
misi jiSuri Tvisebebis gaumjobesebas, SeiZleba, meTesleobis nakveTze jiSTa Soris bunebrivi SejvarebiT mivaRwioT. aucilebelia, SeirCes
saukeTesod datotvili, did-buCqiani da mosavliani mcenareebi.
cereco mwife Tesls aRmocenebidan 90-100
dRis Semdeg iZleva. Tesli araTanabrad mwifdeba. Tavdapirvelad viRebT momwifebul Zirebs,
Semdeg ki - danarCens. mcenaris gaSrobis Semdeg,
konebad Sekruli saTesleebi unda gamoibegvos.
Teslis gamosavali .ha-ze 2-6 centneria.
29
qinZi
qinZi erTwliani mcenarea. mas iyeneben mwvanilad da saneleblad. qinZi yinvagamZlea, mas Semodgomazec Tesen. meTesleobisaTvis
qinZi
gazafxulze
unda
daiTesos. gvalvebis dawyebamde mas morwyva ar
sWirdeba.
saTesle
qinZi
iTeseba
nakeliT
ganoyierebul, fxvier, sarevelebisagan
gaTavisuflebul, msubuq
niadagze. niadagis dasaTesad momzadeba xdeba iseve, rogorc sxva
bostneulis SemTxvevaSi.
qinZi iTeseba xeliT an manqaniT, mwkrivad,
25-30 sm daSorebiT. Tesvis norma 5-7 kg/ha-ia,
Tesvis siRrme 1-2 sm.
30
movla
nakveTis mosavlelad saWiroa mwkrivebis 23-jer gafxviereba, sarevelebis mocileba da
gamoxSirva. saTesle mcenareebi, sabolood,
erTmaneTisgan 10-15 sm-is dacilebiT unda davtovoT.
qinZis Tesli sxvadasxva dros Semodis. momwifebisTanave mcenare unda amoviRoT da brezentze gavSaloT. igi SeiZleba gamoibegvos xeliT,
gailewos kombainiT an salewi manqaniT.mosavlis
aRebisa da gaSrobis Semdeg, igi unda gaiwmindos
xeliT an petkusiT.
Tavi III
orwliani bostneulis meTesleobis agroteqnika
orwlian bostneuls miekuTvnebian is mcenareebi, romlebic aRmocenebidan Teslis momwifebamde
saWiroeben 2 wels. pirvel wels inviTareben saproduqto organoebs (sadede saTesleebi), xolo
meore wels-Tesls. esenia: kombosto, xaxvi, Warxali, stafilo, prasi, oxraxuSi, niaxuri da sxva.
kombosto
kombosto jvaredinmtveria mcenarea da
miekuTvneba jvarosnebis ojaxs. bunebaSi
mravalnairi kombosto
arsebobs. Cven SevexebiT TeTrTavian kombostos, romelic sicivis amtani da tenis
m o y v a r u
li
kulturaa.
maRal
temperaturaze
ko m bo stos
Tavebis
daxveva
yovndeba,
saTesleebi Znelad inaskveba da Sedegad miiReba wvrili Tesli.
kombosto ganviTarebisaTvis sakveb nivTierebebs ufro meti raodenobiT moiTxovs, vidre
sxva bostneuli, amitom misi meTesleobisaTvis
unda SevarCioT maRalnayofieri, kulturuli
niadagi, romelic uzrunvelyofili iqneba sarwyavi wyliT. kombostosTvis kargi winamorbedebia - kartofili, pomidori, mravalwliani
balaxebi, kitri da sxva. kombosto sakuTar mindors unda daubrundes 2-3 wlis Semdeg.
kombostosTvis niadagi pomidvris msgavsad
mzaddeba. sarevelebis sawinaaRmdegod niadagSi
unda SevitanoT mTliani-totaluri moqmedebis
herbicidi (raundapi, nitrosorgi, klini, nokdauni 2-3 l/ha-ze an sxva), Semdeg CavataroT
kultivacia TaTebiani kultivatoriT 12-14 sm
siRrmeze, davfarcxoT, mofantviT SevitanoT
azotiani sasuqi da davWraT bazo kvlebi CiTi31
lis dasargavad. mineraluri sasuqebidan kombosto saWiroebs 2-3 c/ha amoniumis gvarjilas,
2-3 centner superfosfats da 1.5-2.0 centner
kaliumis marils. azotiani sasuqi umjobesia
gadargvamde 3/4 wili, xolo 1/4 me-2 an mesame
Toxnis dros gamoviyenoT.
Tesva da movliTi samuSaoebi
CiTilebis gamosayvanad, Tesls, umTavresad
Ria saCiTile kvlebSi vTesavT. Tesvis dawyebamde
Tesli unda Seiwamlos. Tesva unda Catardes
gadargvamde 40-50 dRiT adre, specialurad
gamzadebul, organuli sasuqebiT ganoyierebul
saCiTile kvlebze. mavneblebis sawinaaRmdegod,
Tesvis win SeaqvT misatyuebeli masala. igi unda
CaiToxnos, damarkirdes da Semdeg moxdes 8-10
sm-ze mwkrivebSi Tesva. Tesvis Semdeg niadagi
unda miitkepnos da maSinve moirwyas.
movliTi samuSaoebia: mwkrivebis gafxvierebagamargvla (2-3 jer), wamlobebi mavneblebis winaaRmdeg (1-2 jer), rwyvebi regularulad, ise,
rom niadagi ar gaSres. gamokveba ,,sarwyavis’’
meSveobiT 2-3 foTlis fazaSi. CiTili gadasar32
gavad mzadaa maSin, roca mas 5-6 foToli aqvs
ganviTarebuli. misi dargva iwyeba 20-25 maisidan da grZeldeba ori kvira. adgilobrivi jiSebi - `borjomis ideali”, ,,likani” da `goruli
braunSligi” irgveba 50-60 sm. kvebis ariT.
gadargva
gacdenili adgilebis remonti xdeba iseve, rogorc pomidvris SemTxvevaSi. vegetaciis periodSi niadagis damuSaveba 3-4 jer aris
saWiro. pirveli gaToxvna an kultivacia tardeba gadargvidan 10-12 dRis Semdeg, danarCeni
ki - saWiroebis mixedviT.
vegetaciis periodSi kombostos mxolod 10jer rwyaven. xSiri morwyva saWiroa Tavebis daxvevis dasawyisi periodidan. rogorc ki mcenare
daamTavrebs Tavebis daxvevas, morwyva unda
SevwyvitoT. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, Tavebi daiwyebs daxeTqvas. morwyva rekomendirebulia kvlebSi miSvebiT.
rwyilebis, TeTrulebis da sxva saxis mavneblebis sawinaaRmdegod aucilebelia 2-3 jer
wamlobebi danarTSi mocemuli Sesabamisi inseqticidiT.
saTesleebis SerCeva da amoReba
saTesle kombostoebi unda aviRoT yinvis
dawyebamde, daaxlobiT- oqtomberSi. Tu yinva
adrianadaa mosalodneli, kombostos aReba SesaZlebelia adre daviwyoT. saTesled SeirCeva
jiSisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli tipobrivi formis
msxvili, mkvrivi, dauxeTqavi Tavebis mqone saRi
mcenareebi. saTesle mcenareebs murkebze koJrebi ar unda hqondes, radgan aq sxedan malul
xorTumas matlebi, romlebic Senaxvisas gareT
gamodian, ris Sedegadac, iwyeba murkis lpoba.
saTesleebi unda amoviRoT fesvebianad, bariT
an bostnis fiwliT da SevinaxoT sanaxebSi. maTi
Senaxva aseve SeiZleba Stabelad, SuaSi lamis
SevsebiT (fesvebze dayriT) an lartyebze, direebSi fesvebis CakidebiT.
kombostos saTesleebis amoRebamde vatarebT
aprobacias. aseve adgenen saTesleebis gadarCevis aqts calobis aRniSvniT. Senaxvis win
saTesleebis Tavze vtovebT mxolod gare 34 mwvane foTols danarCens ki movacilebT da
saqonlis sakvebad gamoviyenebT.
erTi heqtari kombostos
nargavidan mzaddeba 1/3 an
1/2 heqtarisaTvis sakmarisi
sargavi masala. saTesleebi
metobiT unda SevinaxoT,
radgan gamozamTrebisas
Tavebis nawili fuWdeba. 1
ha-ze saTesleebis dasargavad
saWiroa 23-25 aTasi mcenare.
meore wlis agroteqnika
saTesle mcenareebi unda davrgoT rac
SeiZleba adre gazafxulze. misTvis kargi winamorbedebia - parkosnebi, pomidori, gogrovnebi da sxva. nakveTi unda iyos mzralad moxnuli,
Setanili unda iqnas 40-60 t organuli sasuqi
an 5-6 centneri superfosfati, 1.5-2.0 centneri
kaliumis marili da 3-4 centneri sulfatamoniumi an misi 1/2 amoniumis gvarjila.
33
mzralis saTanado damuSavebis Semdeg, kombostos vrgavT mwkrivebSi 70-80 sm daSorebiT,
mcenareebs Soris 60-65 sm dacilebiT.
bebis winaaRmdeg brZola (sxvadasxva fungicidebisa da ineqticidebis saSualebiT), 2-3
jer morwyva, 1-2 jer Reros akvra da sxva.
saTesleebis momzadeba dasargavad
kombostos dargva xdeba amindis Sesabamisad
martSi an aprilSi. dasargavad aucilebelia
saukeTeso saTesleebi. saTesleebs Tavze foTlebis waWriT ukeTdebaT konusi. dargvamde,
saTesleebis murkebi unda amovavloT axali nakelis wyalxsnarSi da SevafrqvivoT `tmtd” an
sxva preparati.
kombostos Tesli sxvadasxva dros mwifdeba,
Sesabamisad, misi aReba aucilebelia ramdenjerme, momwifebisTanave. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, Tesli Caibneva da daikargeba. Teslis
aReba unda daviwyoT maSin, roca sayvavile Reroze Wotebi (parkebi) masobrivad dayvavildeba.
Tavdapirvelad vWriT Semosul Reroebs da ase
TandaTanobiT danarCens. moWrili Reroebi
unda kargad SevkraT da fardulSi CamovkidoT
an gavSaloT gasaSrobad kaloze.
saTesle kombosto unda dairgas winaswar
amoTxril ormoebSi miwis mitkepniT. mas ToxiT unda Semoeyaros miwa da gaukeTdes kokola,
raTa miwis zemoT darCenili kombostos Tavi
mzem ar daazianos. nargavis morwyva aucilebelia dargvisTanave. wyali xels uwyobs mis gaxarebas.
movliTi samuSaoebi
kombostos nargavisaTvis saWiroa 2-3-jer
niadagis gafxviereba, mavneblebisa da daavade34
kombostos Tesls viRebT maSin, roca masobrivad daiwyeba totebis
Semosvla. igi unda gavaSroT,
gamovbegvoT,
davaxarisxoT da saerTo
wesiT SevinaxoT. Teslis mosavali heqtarze
2.5-6.0 centneria.
Zirxvenebi
Zirxvenebi xvadasxva ojaxis mcenareebia, Tumca maT meTesleobis saerTo agroteqnikuri wesi
aqvT da SegviZlia erTad ganvixiloT. esenia:
Warxali, stafilo, oxraxuSi, boloki. aseve,
foTlovnebi- niaxuri da Talgami (yunwian-foTlovani).
Zirxvena mcenareebisaTvis aucilebelia nayofieri da fxvieri niadagi. maTTvis kargi winamorbedia kitri, pomidori, kartofili, xaxvi, niori da kombosto. Zirxvenebi saWiroeben
niadagis Rrmad damuSavebas. Zirxvena mcenareebis naTesebSi unda SevitanoT 40-50 t/ha. gadamwvari nakeli. Tu nakveTi, gasul wells, organuli sasuqiT iyo ganoyierebuli, amjerad mas
davumatebT mineralur sasuqebs Semdegi SemadgenlobiT: 4-5 centneri superfosfati, 1.5-2.0
centneri kaliumis marili da 1.5-2.0 centneri
amoniumis gvarjila.
ZirxvenebisTvis niadagi mzaddeba Semodgomaze da gazafxulze iseve, rogorc pomidvris SemTxvevaSi. Zirxvenebi kargad viTardeba
neitralur an naklebad mJave reaqciis mqone
niadagSi. mJave da tute niadagze Zirxvenebis
mosavali dabalia.
maRlxarisxovani saTesle masalis misaRebad
mkacrad unda davicvaT Tesvis vadebi. zogierTi Zirxvenas Tesva SesaZlebelia sanawveralo
kulturebis aRebis Semdegac. am periodSi miRebuli saTesleebi kargi Senaxvis unarianobiT
gamoirCevian. niadagi unda movrwyaT Tesvamde
5-7 dRiT adre. rogorc ki morwyul niadags zedapiri SeuSreba, unda davfarcxoT da vTesoT
dambali an sxva xerxebiT damuSavebuli Tesli.
iq, sadac zafxulSi gvalvebi icis, gazafxuli
da zafxulis naxevari ki Warbi naleqebiT xasiaTdeba, saTesle stafilo da Warxali unda vTesoT
Teberval-martSi. mTian adgilebSi ki Warxali,
stafilo, Talgami, boloki, oxraxuSi, niaxuri da
sxva Zirxvenebi unda daiTesos maisSi.
Zirxvenebis Tesli, aRmocenebis mixedviT,
sxvadasxvanairia: daTesvidan yvelaze male amodis boloki, Tavis boloki, Talgami (3-7 dRe).
35
Warxali aRmocenebis mixedviT saSualo adgils ikavebs (5-12 dRe), SedarebiT gvian aRmocendebian: stafilo, niaxuri da oxraxuSi (15-25 dRe). xSir SemTxvevaSi aRmocenebis
procesze uaryofiTad moqmedebs garemo pirobebis aramdgradi mdgomareobac. did farTobze Zirxvenebs mwkrivad, manqanebiT Tesen,
xolo mokle konturian sakarmidamo nakveTebze - xeliT. mSral niadagSi Tesvisas, naTesi
rom male aRmocendes, igi sagoravebiT unda
moitkepnos.
Tesvas sxvadasxva siRrmeze vaxdenT. magaliTad: stafilo, oxraxuSi, boloki - iTeseba 2-3
sm siRrmeze, Warxali - 4-5 sm-ze. Tesvis norma
ixileT pirvel TavSi.
Zirxvenebis aRmonaceni Tavidan Zalian nela
izrdeba, amitom mosalodnelia sarevelebis wamoswreba. maT winaaRmdeg brZolas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda daeTmos.
yinvebis mimarT SedarebiT gamZleobiT gamoirCevian: stafilo, oxraxuSi, niaxuri da Zir36
TeTra. rac Seexeba Warxals, misi aRmonaceni -2
-30 C yinvisas SeiZleba daiRupos.
pirvel
wels,
saTesle
ZirxvenebisTvis
saWiroa 3-4 jer niadagis gafxviereba, gamoxSirva, gamokveba, morwyva, mavneblebisa da daavadebebis winaaRmdeg brZola da jiSuri wmenda.
Zirxvenebis saTesleebidan pirvelad viRebT
im kulturebs, romlebsac yinvebis mimarT naklebi gamZleoba aqvT. aseTebia Warxali da stafilo. aucilebelia saTesle Zirxvenebis dacva
yinvebisagan. Senaxvis dros Zirxvenebi unda amoviRoT da frTxilad gadavitanoT, rom ar daibeJos. amoRebuli Zirxvenebi zedmeti miwisagan unda
gaiwmindos xeliT an danis yuiT, Tu miwa bevri ar
mosdevs, gawmenda aucilebeli ar aris.
saTesleebad varCevT jiSisaTvis damaxasiaTebel, tipobrivi formis, ferisa da sididis
mqone Zirxvenebs. aratipobrivi, gaxeTqili da
daavadebuli Zirxvenebi SegviZlia gamoviyenoT
sakvebad. SerCeul Zirxvenebs foTlebi ise unda
wavaWraT, rom TavzeviT darCes 1-2 sm sigrZis yun-
wi. saTesled unda SeirCes zomiT saSualo da saSualoze didi Zirxvenebi. saTesleebis zoma unda
SevarCioT bostneulis saxeobis mixedviT: stafilo - 2.5-3.0 sm diamtris da 120-130 gr wonis,
Warxali - 6-10 sm, 250-300 gr (bordo) da a.S. msxvili zomis nayofs saTesleebad ar inaxaven. gazafxulze, Zirxvenebis SerCeva-gadarCevas vawarmoebT
ganmeorebiT da vadgenT saTanado aqts.
Cvens pirobebSi, mTian zonebSi, stafilo da
Warxali Semodgomaze unda amoviRoT da gazafxulze davrgaT. Tu Zirxvenebi sveli amodis,
saWiroa Senaxvamde misi ganiaveba da gaSroba.
erTi .heqtari saTesle Warxlis naTess gadarCevis Semdeg SeuZlia sargaviT uzrunvelyos -1.52.0 ha, stafilos - 5.0 ha da a.S.
meore wlis agroteqnika
saTesle Zirxvenebs fesvebi Sors ar gaaqvT,
amitom saTesle niadagis ganoyierebas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces. maTTvis kargi winamorbedebia kartofili, nabalaxari. kitri, kombosto da a.S.
saTesle nakveTze sasuqebi ZiriTadad SeaqvT Semodgomaze
mzralad xvnis win. gadamwvari
nakeli 50-60 t/ha, misi uqonlobisas mizanSewonilia, SevitanoT 2-3 centneri superfosfati
da 0.7-1.0 centneri kaliumis marili.
gazafxulze, saTesleebis gadargvamde, kultivaciis win ki SevitanoT
1.5 centneri sulfatamoniumi.
dargvis win saTesle masala kidev erTxel
unda gadairCes da mocildes daavadebuli damWknari Zirxvenebi. Tu Zirxvenis yeli odnav morbilebulia da lpobas ganicdis, igi uvargisia.
aseTive stafilos Zirxvena unda gadavWraT
bolodan 1/4 nawilze, Tu mas mcire zomis gulgula da jiSisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Seferiloba eqneba, davrgavT.
saTesleebis dargva da movla
Zirxvenas saTesleebis dasargavad niadagi
gazafxulze unda momzaddes. dargva umjobesia mwkrivad, raTa SemdgomSi manqana-iaraRebiT
37
(mcire gabaritiani) damuSaveba iyos SesaZlebeli. stafilo da Warxali unda dairgas 60-70
sm mwkrivebSi. mwkrivSi mcenareTa Soris manZili
- 40-60 sm. Zirxvena budnebSi ise unda davrgoT,
rom misi zeda nawili miwis horizonts gauswordes da miwa mieyaros kokolisebr. saTesleebis did farTobze dargvisas, unda gavakeToT
bazo-kvlebi kultivator miwis SemomyreliT.
kvlebis ZirSi garkveul manZilze CavawyobT
saTesleebs da mivayriT miwas xeliT (ToxiT).
dargvis dros niadagi Zlier itkepneba da
tenis aorTqlebis saukeTeso pirobebi iqmneba.
amitom, saWiroa, dargvis Semdgom niadagis jvaredinad dafarcxva ise, rom Zirxvenebi ar amoiyaros.
movliTi samuaSoebisas niadagis mwkrivebis
2-3 jer unda gafxvierdes kultivatoriT an
xeliT-Toxis meSveobiT. saWiroa saTesleebis
gamokveba JiJiT (zemoT aRwerili sqemiT) an
mineraluri sasuqebiT. imisaTvis, rom miviRoT
xarisxiani Tesli, rwyvebi unda Catardes 3-4
jer. mavnebel-daavadebebis gamoCenisas saWiroa
38
2-3 wamloba Sesabamisi Sxam-qimikatebiT (ixileT
danarTi 2).
Teslis amoReba
Zirxvena mcenareebis Teslebi xvadasxva dros
mwifdeba. Warxlis Teslis Semosvla iwyeba qveda
Reroebidan da misdevs zemoT, amitom Teslebi
pirvelad qvemoT mwifdeba. imisaTvis, rom Tesli ar Caibnes, aReba saWiroa daviwyoT SerCeviT
qvemodan zemoT. pirvelad SevacliT im Reroebs, romlis Tesli ukve gamuqebulia, foToli
ki - gayviTlebuli. moWril saTesle Reroebs
gavSliT saSrobze. gaSrobis Semdeg xdeba Teslis gamocla-gamobegva.
saTesle stafilos qolgebSi Tesli pirvelad
napirebze mwifdeba, Semdeg ki Suagulisaken.
misi calke aReba SeuZlebelia, amitom qolga miaRwevs Tu ara mixakisfers, unda aviRoT. aseve
xdeba niaxuris da oxraxuSis Teslis aReba.
gamocalkavebuli Teslebi unda ganiavdes da
xeliT daxarisxdes. didi raodenobis SemTxvevaSi, Tesli unda gaiwmindos manqaniT.
Teslis saSualo gamosavali Warxlis SemTxvevaSi 1 ha-ze 8-10 centners udris, stafilos
da oxraxuSis - 6-8 c; bolokis da Talgamis naTesebSi es maCvenebeli 10-12 centneris tolia.
xaxvi
xaxvi
erTlebniani,
mravalwliani
mcenarea. kulturaSi mas vamravlebT,
rogorc
orwlians.
igi jvaredinmtveriaa, amitom
misi meTesleo-ba saizolacio manZilis dacviT
unda moxdes. xaxvs umravlesad vamravlebT TesliT. zogan ki - kviWiWebis dargviT. Tesli Savia, samwaxnagovani, danaoWebuli da magarkaniani, amitom igi gvian Rivdeba. xaxvis Tesli karg
pirobebSi 14-16 dReSi amodis. xaxvi sicivis
amtani mcenarea da kargad itans -8-100 C yinvas. aRmonaceni pirvelad nela izrdeba, Semdeg
zrda swrafad midis, foCebis zrda Cerdeba da
iwyeba bolqvebis damsxvileba.
xaxvs uyvars msubuqi, noyieri, sarwyavi niadagebi, amitom, is unda davTesoT wina wels, kargad gapativebul niadagze an Semodgomaze mzralad xvnis win. niadagSi unda SevitanoT 5060t saqonlis gadamwvari nakeli. mineraluri
sasuqebidan ki - amoniumis gvarjila heqtarze
2-2.5 centneri, superfosfati 3-4 c da kaliumis marili 1.5-2.0 c. azotiani sasuqebis 3/4
unda SevitanoT Tesvis win, xolo 1/4 - me-2 me-3
Toxna-gafxvierebisas.
adre gazafxulze, mzralze, agroteqnikiT
gaTvaliswinebuli
sasuqebis
SetanisTanave,
unda CavataroT 12-14 sm siRrmeze kultivaciadafarcxva. Cvens pirobebSi, xaxvi unda daiTesos amindis Sesabamisad, martis meore-mesame
an aprilis pirvel-meore dekadaSi. xaxvs, umTavresad, vTesavT mwkrivad, xeliT an manqaniT.
xeliT Tesvisas, gavakeToT kawrebi markeris
saSualebiT, CavTesavT xaxvis Tesls da focxis
yuiT miwas mivatkepniT.
xaxvis Tesli daTesvamde unda damuSavdes
kitris Teslis msgavsad. CaTesvis siRrme unda
39
iyos 1.5-2.0 sm. Tesvis norma punqturulad Tesvisas - 4-6 kg mwkrivSi, meqanikuri da xeliT
Tesvisas - 3-4 kg/ha-ze.
sarevelebis winaaRmdeg unda gamoviyenoT Sesabamisi herbicidebi, danarTis mixedviT, or vadaSi. erTi unda SevitanoT Tesvis Semdgom, xolo
meore - aRmocenebidan 2-4 foTlis fazaSi.
Tu xaxvis Tesvisas niadagi gamomSralia, is Tesvis Semdgom aucileblad unda moirwyas, swrafi
da Tanabari aRmonacenis miRebis mizniT. xaxvis
aRmonaceni gansakuTrebul movlas moiTxovs,
niadagis xSiri gafxvierebiT da sarevelebis mocilebiT. aRmonacenis gamoxSirva-danormebaSi
es RonisZiebebi 2-3-jer unda ganmeordes. morwyva unda Catardes saWiroebis mixedviT 4-6-jer,
xolo mavnebel-daavadebebis sawinaaRmdegod unda
Sesxurdes Sesabamisi qimikatebi (2-3-jer) danarTSi mocemuli sixSiris mixedviT.
xaxvis
mosavlianobis
gasaumjobeseblad
aucilebelia vegetaciis periodSi gamokvebebis Catareba. pirveli gamokveba unda Cava40
taroT saqonlis nakelis JiJiT (1 wili JiJa 68 vedro wyalSi gazavebuli) ise, rogorc sxva
kulturebis SemTxvevaSi _ 5-6 foTlis fazaSi,
xolo meore _ mineraluri sasuqebiT. amisaTvis 1 ha-ze Segvaqvs 0,4-0,5 centneri amoniumis
gvarjila da 0,3-0,4 centneri kaliumis marili.
xaxvi bevr wyals moiTxovs bolqvebis Casaxvis
dawyebidan momwifebamde, amitom am fazaSi igi
regularulad unda movrwyaT imisaTvis, rom
maRalxarisxovani momwifebuli saTesle masala
miviRoT. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi xaxvi Sesanaxad
uvargisi iqneba. mosavlis aRebamde erTi TviT
adre morwyva unda SevaCeroT.
mosavlis aReba
xaxvis mosavlis aRebas viwyebT aprobaciis
Catarebis Semdgom, maSin, rodesac cru Rero
mTlianad gawvrildeba da foCebianad gaxmeba,
xolo bolqvebi miiReben jiSisaTvis damaxasiaTebel fers. es daaxloebiT agvistoSi xdeba
(SeiZleba seqtemberSic). xaxvis mosavals viRebT
xeliT. Txlad gafenil xaxvs 2-3 saaTiT vtovebT
gasaSrobad, Semdeg bolqvebs vasufTavebT mi-
wisa da zedmeti mfaravi qerqlebisagan, vaWriT
fesvebs da foCebs. foCi unda wavaWraT bolqvis
yelidan 3-4 sm zemoT, fesvebi ki Ziridan 0,51,0 sm dacilebiT. saTesled varCevT tipobrivi
formisa da feris msxvil bolqvebs da vSliT
sxvenze an fardulebSi gasaSrobad damatebiTi
droiT. gamoSrobis Semdeg vinaxavT sawyobSi saTanado wesebis dacviT.
meore wlis agroteqnika
xaxvis saTesleebis dasargavad unda SevarCioT qarebisagan kargad daculi, noyieri,
fxvieri, wyliT uzrunvelyofili niadagi.
niadagis momzadeba iwyeba Semodgomaze da
grZeldeba mis dargvamde, zemoaRwerili sqemebis mixedviT. dargvis win unda Catardes
10-12 sm siRrmeze mzralis kultivacia. xaxvis saTesleebis dasargavad, gamwevi ZaliT
an mini traqtoriT unda gavakeToT 10-12 sm
siRrmis bazo-kvlebi.
dargvis win, kidev erTxel, unda gadavarCioT dampali da sxva mxriv uvargisi
bolqvebi, romlebsac saTesled ar gamoviy-
enebT. am dros gansakuTrebiT saSiSia bolqvis yelis sidampliT daavadebuli mcenare.
Tu erTbudiani jiSuri Tvisebebis mqone
xaxvi Segvxvdeba 2-3 budian saTesleebSi, is
aucileblad unda movaciloT da gamoviyenoT sakvebad. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi jiSi
Tavis saxes dakargavs.
xaxvis bolqvebi yinvebis didi amtania, amitom,
dargva rac SeiZleba adre unda daviwyoT, raTa
gvalvebis dawyebamde xaxvis swraf ganviTarebas mivaRwioT. xaxvi unda davrgoT mwkrivad (60
X 20 sm) an budnebSi (60 X 60 sm) 2-4 bolqvis
erTmaneTisagan 10-10 sm dacilebiT. 1 ha-ze irgveba 120-150 aTasi bolqvi. xaxvi irgveba xeliT
an manqaniT. bazo-kvlebSi an budnebSi Cargul
bolqvebs zemodan 5-6 sm simaRleze vayriT miwas.
vegetaciis ganmavlobaSi xaxvis saTesleebs
2-3-jer Rrmad Toxnian an utareben kultivacias. amisaTvis saWiroa, 1-2-jer miwis Semoyra
da gamokveba, zemoT motanili sqemebis mixedviT. mavnebel-daavadebebis, gansakuTrebiT
41
Wraqis winaaRmdeg brZola; daaxloebiT 4-6jer morwyva amindis Sesabamisad. yvavilobis
da Teslis formirebis fazaSi aucilebelia
xaxvis saTesleebis rwyva. pirveli gamokveba
unda Catardes foCebis masobrivi amosvlisas.
meore - pirveli gamokvebidan 20-25 dRis Semdeg, zemoT mocemuli sqemis mixedviT.
xaxvis saTesle Reroebi advilad imtvreva,
miT ufro qarian adgilebSi, rac xels uSlis
Teslis momwifebas. amitom sasurvelia saTes nakveTad qarisgan daculi adgili SevarCioT.
xaxvi erTdroulad ar yvavis, amitom Tesli
sxvadasxva dros mwifdeba. Teslis momwifeba
ivlisis mesame dekadidan iwyeba da grZeldeba agvistos pirvel dekadamde. xaxvis Tesli
rom ar Caibnes, misi aReba SerCeviT unda daviwyoT. pirvelad unda aviRoT gayviTlebuli
Reros da gamskdari kolofis mqone Teslebi
(Teslebi unda iyos Savi Seferilobis). Semdeg
ki momwifebis mixedviT yvela Tesls erTianad aviRebT. saTesle kolofs vWriT daniT an
vglejT xeliT, vyriT tomrebSi an vedroebSi,
42
gadagvaqvs saSrobebSi, vfenT 15-20 sm sisqeze da vaSrobT TiTqmis yoveldRiuri areviT.
kargad gamoSrobisa da gaxmobis Semdeg, saTesle kolofebi unda gamoibegvos, ganiavdes da
gairecxos wyalSi CaZirviT 5-6-jer. wylis zemoT amotivtivebuli amSeuli da kiliani Tesli unda moixados da gadaiyaros. wyali kargad gadaiwuros, Tesli ki Txlad moTavsdes
tiloze an cxrilze, ramdenime saaTiT mzeze
gasaSrobad.
xaxvis Teslis saSualo gamosavalia 3,5-4,0
centneri heqtarze. kargi movlis Sedegad, SesaZlebelia 3-5
kg bolqvidan miviRoT 1 kg
Tesli.
niori
niors, umTavresad,
vegetatiuri
nawilebiT
(kbilebiT) vamravlebT. igi
erTwliani
mcenarea.
gamoiCeva yinvebis kar-
gi gamZleobiT. sargavi masalis misaRebad mas,
umetesad, Semodgomaze vrgavT, Tumca SeiZleba adre gazafxulzec dairgas, gansakuTrebiT
mTian zonaSi. Semodgomaze nargavi ufro xarisxiani da uxvmosavliania, amitomac fermerebi am
sezons aniWeben upiratesobas aniWeben upiratesobas.
niors rgaven
nakeliT kargad ganoyierbul niadagebze. nakelis uqonlobisas sanivre farTobSi SeaqvT 1,5 centneri amoniumis
gvarjila, 1-1,5 centneri kaliumis marili
da 2-3 centneri superfosfati. Semodgomaze,
aRniSnuli sasuqebidan Segvaqvs fosfori da
kaliumis mTliani doza, xolo azotis 50%.
gazafxulze, pirveli Toxnis win ki - azotis
darCenili 50%.
Semodgomaze, niori yinvebis dawyebamde
unda davrgaT, raTa moaswros 1-2
foCis ganviTareba. Tu nivris dargva Semodgomaze ver moeswro, is
SeiZleba davrgoT adreul gazafxulze, mindvrad muSaobis SesaZle-
blobisTanave _ araugvianes martisa, raTa mosavlis maqsimumi raodenobis aReba SevZloT.
saqarTvelos pirobebSi, Semodgomaze darguli
niori gvalvebis dawyebamde aswrebs bolqvebis
dasrulebas.
dasargavad, umTavresad, viyenebT msxvilsa
da saRi bolqvebis gareTa kbilebs. ar gamoiyeneba Zirakdazianebuli, daavadebuli da Siga kbilebi e.w. anaguli. vrgavT mwkrivad, mwkrivTaSoris 40-50 sm-s manZilze,
xolo mwkrivSi mcenareTa
Soris 6-8 sm-is manZilze.
rgvis norma kbilebis simsxos
mixedviT meryobs 1000-dan
2200 kg-mde. Sewamvlis Semdeg unda dairgos 4-5 sm siRrmeze da ToxiT mieyaros miwa.
adre gazafxulze, nivris naTesis
mosavlelad saWiroa xaxvis buzebis winaaRmdeg Sesabamisi qimikatebiT 2-3-jer
brZola,. amasTan, saWiroa niadagis gafxviereba
43
da sarevelebis winaaRmdeg meqanikuri saSualebebiT brZola (2-3-jer). naTess SeiZleba dasWirdes aseve 1-2-jer morwyva.
niori Semodis ivnis-ivlisSi. viRebT xeliT,
mSral amindSi. aRebas viwyebT maSin, roca foTlebi Sexmeba da Serbilebuli, cru Rero
niadagisken daixreba. amoRebul niors vaSrobT
adgilze, Txel fenad gaSlils. Semdeg vaWriT
bolqvis yelidan Reros 3-4 sm-ze da vinaxavT
gaSlils damatebiT gasaSrobad. amoRebuli
niori SeiZleba galebad davwnaT. niori unda
SevinaxoT CardaxSi, xarixebze an sxvenze.
Tu niori Semodgomazea darguli, misi saheqtro mosavalia 10-15 t/ha-ze.Tavi meoTxe
delikatesi bostneuli
salaTebi
saqarTveloSi vxvdebiT salaTebis sam
saxesxvaobas:
1.
foTlovani
savegetacio periodi 30-40 dRe.
2.
Taviani
savegetacio periodi 30-40 dRe
3.
romenis salaTa
savegetacio periodi 75-100 dRe.
44
-
salaTa sicocxlis pirvelsave wels iviTarebs
sayvavile Reros, romelic zeda nawilSi Zlier
itoteba da yvavilobs. misi foTlebi SeferviT
yviTeli an moyviTalo mwvanea. Tesli brtyelia.
misgan awarmoeben mdogvsac, romelic farTod
gamoiyeneba kulinariaSi.
1. foTlovan salaTas miekuTvneba jiSebi,
romlebsac axasiaTebT mTliani an gankveTi
li foTlebi. isini Sekrebilia rozetSi da
arasodes ixveven Tavs. aris foTlebxuWuWa
formebic.
2. Taviani salaTa moicavs jiSebs, romelTa
foTlebic rozetSi xistad wamoweulia da
formiT uku kvercxiseburi, ovaluri, momrgvalo an Tirkmliseburia. saerTod, salaTa momrgvalo tipis Tavs ikeTebs, romelic
misi jiSuri Taviseburebidan gamomdinare
faSari an mkvrivia.
3. salaTi romeni didi zomis, vertikalur
rozetad gawyobil foTlebs iviTarebs.
calkeuli foTlebi wagrZelebuli da uxe-
Sia, rozetis centrSi warmoiqmneba didi,
ovaluri formis faSari Tavi.
salaTis agroteqnika
salaTisTvis niadagis damuSavebis teqnika
danarCeni bostneuli kulturebis msgavsia. mas
umetesad martis bolos an aprilis dasawyisSi Tesen, ganmeorebiT ki - zafxulSi. salaTi
SeiZleba pirdapir daiTesos Ria gruntSi an
dairgas CiTiliT. igi iTeseba saTesi manqanebiT,
mwkrivulad da zolebrivad, mwkrivTa Soris 35
sm-s daSorebiT. aseve, sam zolad an ormwkrivian zolebad 20-50 sm-is DdaSorebiT. Taviani
jiSebis kvebis are SedarebiT didia da izrdeba
10 sm-iT. CaTesvis siRrme 1,5 sm-ia Tesvis norma
foTlovani jiSebisaTvis 4-5 kg/ha, xolo Taviani jiSebisaTvis
2-3 kg/ha-ze. daTesvidan
10-15 dRis Semdeg tardeba mwkrivTaSorisebis
pirveli gamoToxna, mwkrivSi mcenareTa pirveli
gamoxSirviTa da zolebs Soris kultivaciiT.
mcenareebs Soris manZili 3-4 sm-ia.
meore gamoxSirva-gafxviereba unda Catardes 2530 dRis Semdeg. mcenareTa Soris 8-12 sm-s daSore45
biT. Aam periodSi mcenareebs ukve ganviTarebuli
aqvT 4-5 foToli. gamoxSiruli mcenareebi SeiZleba gamoviyenoT sakvebad. morwyvebi tardeba
niadagis tenianobis Sesabamisad.
Tavian salaTas iReben maSin,
roca Tavebi miaRweven jiSis
damaxasiaTebel Sefervas da
konsistencias.
brokoli, anu satacurisebri kombosto
brokoli
anu
satacurisebri kombosto, iviTarebs Tavs. igi fxvieria da
iSleba calke ylortebad, rac Zlier waagavs
satacuris ylortebs, im gansxvavebiT, rom maTi
boloebi yvavilis msgavsadaa ganviTarebuli.
brokoli cnobilia, rogorc samkurnalo da
profilaqtikuri mcenare. mis SemadgenlobaSi
arsebuli farmacevtulad aqtiuri nivTierebebi
kibos sawinaaRmdego TvisebebiTa da radio pro46
teqtulobiT gamoirCeva. vitaminebis, cilebisa
da sxva sasargeblo nivTierebebis SemcvelobiT
igi uswrebs yvavilovan kombostos.
brokolis produqtiuli organoa Tavi, romelic ZiriTadad sxvadasxva Seferilobis
yvavilebis butonebisa da Reroebisgan Sedgeba.
brokols axasiaTebs grZeli savegetacio periodi. igi ufro yinvagamZlea, vidre yvavilovani
kombosto. misi agroteqnika yvavilovani kombostos agroteqnikis msgavsia. Tu CiTilebs ivnissa da ivlisSi davrgavT, igi zamTris periodSi
Semova, Tbil zonebSi ki - adre gazafxulze.
yvavilovani kombosto
yvavilovani kombosto kvebiTi RirebulebiTa
da biologiurad aqtiuri nivTierebebis SemcvelobiT, erT-erTi yvelaze Zvirfasi mcenarea
kombostosnair mcenareebs Soris.
saqarTvelos sawarmoo zonebSi, yvavilovani
kombosto mohyavT, rogorc gazafxul-zafxu-
lis, zafxul-Semodgomisa da Semodgoma zamTris kultura.
yvavilovani kombostos Tesli TeTrTaviani
kombostos msgavsia. misgan gansxvavdeba imiT,
rom SedarebiT wvrilia. daTesvidan mcenaris
aRmocenebamde 4-6 dRea saWiro. kombostos Tavis intensiuri formirebis dawyebamde ki - 80-90
dRe. Tavis formireba 10-16 dRe grZeldeba, Tavis sruli formirebidan yvavilobamde ki 25-40
dRea saWiro.
yvavilovani kombosto erTwliani kulturaa.
Tavebi drois garkveuli periodis gasvlis Semdeg iyofa-calkevdeba, iviTarebs e.w. ,,strelkebs”, mwvandeba da maTze viTardeba yvavilebi, romlebic dayvavilebis Semdeg Wotakebs
ikeTeben. yvavilovani kombosto sicivis amtani
mcenarea. Rivisa da CiTilis stadiaSi igi gansakuTrebiT yinvagamZlea. misTvis optimaluri
temperaturaa 13+_70. yinva (-2-30C) uaryofiTad moqmedebs kombostoze misi Tavis formirebisa da zrdis procesSi. igi azianebs mas da
xels uwyobs lpobis procesis ganviTarebas.
ukve mozrdil mcenareebze
yinva uaryofiTad aRar
moqmedebs.
kombostos
Tavis ganviTareba, aseve, ferxdeba maRali
temperaturis pirobebSi. Zlieri gvalvis
dros mosavali ar
miiReba. es kultura saWiroebs
xSir da zomier
rwyvas. misi morwyva
sasurvelia niadagis tenis dasvlizRvruli wyaltevadobis 65-75 %-mde.
sas
yvavilovani kombosto mohyavT CiTilebiT,
romelic mudmiv adgilze dasargavad 30-35 dReSia mzad. yvavilovani kombosto cudad itans
gadargvas. CiTili unda gadairgas 3-4 foTlis
fazaSi. saadreo mosavlis misaRebad igi unda
gamovzardoT sakveb kuburebSi an qoTnebSi.
gadargvidan 8-10 dReSi unda Catardes gacdenili adgilebis gamorgva, amisaTvis winaswar
gamozrdili unda gvqondes saerTo mcenareTa
47
raodenobis 10 %. CiTili nakveTSi dargvisTanave unda moirwyas.
kombostos jiSisa da dargvis wesis Sesabamisad,
erT heqtarze unda dairgas 40-60 aTasi Ziri CiTili, kvebis ariT 70*30 sm, 60*30 sm-ze. mizanSewonilia zolebrivi dargvac (50 X 50 X 25)+70 sm-ze.
dargvis Semdeg aucilebeli RonisZiebebia:
sarevelebis winaaRmdeg brZola, niadagis gafxviereba, miwis Semoyra, rwyva, brZola mavnebel-daavadebebis winaaRmdeg da mzisagan dacva-daCrdilva. am process Tavebis gaTeTrebasac uwodeben da mas ufro xarisxiani, bazarze
48
konkurentunariani broduqtis misaRebad mimarTaven. amisaTvis, kombostos Tavis intensiuri
zrdis periodSi, xdeba mis garSemo mdebare 23 SigniTa msxvili foTlis Cazneqva-Catexva da
mTliani Tavis moCrdilva. srulyofili mosavali Tesvidan 85-130 dRis periodSi miiReba.
kombostos Tavebi erTdroulad ar mwifdeba,
Sesabamisad nakveTi yovel 3 dReSi erTxel unda
davaTvalieroT, Semosuli Tavebi movkrifoT da
gavukeToT realizacia. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi,
mosalodnelia Tavebis gadazrda.
danarTi 1
bostneuli kulturebis Tesva-rgvisa da mosavlis aRebis vadebi
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mebostneobis zonaSi. 1000-2200 metri zRvis donidan
#
kultura
I qvezona _ samcxe-javaxeTi,
samxreT kavkasioni,
Crd. saqarTvelo da mTis
kalTebi 1000-1500 m.z.d.
II qvezona - 1500-2000 metrze
zRvis donidan
Tesva
rgva
mosavlis
aReba
Tesva
rgva
mosavlis
aReba
1.
saadreo kombosto
1/III_10/III
1/V_25/V
30/VII_25/
VIII
25/III_10/IV
15/V_1/VI
15/VIII_1/IX
2.
saSualo da gviani
kombosto
10/IV_5/V
1/VI_10/VI
1/IX_1/XI
10/V_20/V
15/VI_25/VI
15/IX_25/IX
3.
kalnabi _ saadreo
kvalsaTburSi saCiTiled (yvavilovani
kombosto)
_
_
_
25/IV_5/V
1/VI_15/VI
1/X_10/XI
4.
pomidori saCiTiled kvalsaTburSi
1/IV_20/IV
25/V_1/VI
1/VIII_15/IX
_
_
_
5.
lobio
1/V_20/V
_
1/VIII_20/IX
20/V_10/VI
_
10/VIII_20/IX
49
kultura
#
50
I qvezona _ samcxe-javaxeTi,
samxreT kavkasioni,
Crd. saqarTvelo da mTis
kalTebi 1000-1500 m.z.d.
II qvezona - 1500-2000 metrze
zRvis donidan
Tesva
rgva
mosavlis
aReba
Tesva
rgva
mosavlis
aReba
6.
kitri
10/V_10/VI
_
15/VIII_1/IX
_
_
_
7.
xaxvi
1/IV_30/IV
_
15/VIII_20/IX
10/V_20/V
_
1/VIII_10/IX
8.
prasi
15/IV_10/V
_
10/VI_25/IX
10/V_20/V
_
1/VIII_20/IX
9.
sufris Warxali
15/IV_10/V
_
15/IX_1/X
20/IV_10/V
_
1/X_20/X
10
stafilo
10/IV_10/V
_
15/IX_1/X
20/IV_10/V
_
1/X_20/X
11
oxraxuSi, niaxuri
20/IV_10/V
_
15/VIII_15/IX
1/V_20/V
_
20/VIII_20/IX
12
barda da cercvi
20/IV_10/V
_
1/VIII_1/IX
1/V_20/V
_
10/VIII_1/IX
13
niori
1/IX_1/X
_
10/VIII_20/IX
1/V_10/V
_
1/VIII_15/VIII
14
ispanaxi, salaTa,
qinZi, wiwmati
10/IV_15/V
_
15/V_10/VI
1/V_15/V
_
10/VI_1/VIII
danarTi 2
bostneul kulturebSi gamoyenebuli
mcenareTa dacvis saSualebebi
#
1.
kultura
kitri
preparatis dasaxeleba
da norma kg/ha
mavnebeli da
daavadeba
Setanis
vada
veget.periodSi
veget.
periodSi
jeradoba
aqteliki _ 0,3-1,5 kg
frTaTeTra, bugrebi
zato-0,14
nacari
ridoneti- 2-2.5 kg
Wraqi, perenosporozi -”-
2
antrakoli _ 0,8-1,0 kg
Wraqi
-”-
3
bailetoni _ 0,1-0,12 kg
nacari
0,01-0,02%
xsnari
2
bordos xsnari _ 6-8 kg
anTraqnozi
-”-
3
koloiduri gogirdi _ 2-4 kg
nacari, anTraqnozi
-”-
4
kuproqsati _ 5,0 kg
perenosporozi, Wraqi -”-
2
ridomili _ 2,5 kg
Wraqi
3
spilenZis qlorJangi _ 2,4 kg
topazi _ 0,12-0,15 kg
-”-
Wraqi, anTraqnozi, ba-”qteriozi
0,025%
nacari
Sesx.
2
2-3
3
2
51
#
kultura
2.
pomidori
preparatis dasaxeleba
da norma kg/ha
mavnebeli da
daavadeba
Setanis
vada
jeradoba
aqteliki _ 0,3-1,5 kg
Trifsebi, tkipebi
Sesx. veget. per.
1
decisi _ 0,25-0,4 kg
xvatarebi
-”-
1
zoloni _ 1,5-2,0 kg
bambis xvatari
-”-
2
kolorados xoWo
-”-
2
antrakoli _ 0,8-1,0 kg
fitoftorozi
-”-
3
bordos xsnari _ 6-8 kg
Wraqi, fitoftorozi
-”-
4
-”-
-”-
3
mura kuTxovani laqiniza, fitoftorozi,
Wraqi
-”-
2
-”-
-”-
4
Teslis
wamloba
5-10 lt.
Teslze
1
karate _ 0,1 kg
tattu _ 3-3,3 kg
kuproqsati _ 5,0 kg
ridomili _ 2,5 kg
fundazoli _ 5-6 kg
52
fuzariozuli
Wknoba
#
3.
mavnebeli da
daavadeba
Setanis
vada
jeradoba
xaxvis buzi
niadagSi
Setana
1
Wraqi
Sesx.
veg. per.
2-3
arceridi _ 2,5-3,3 kg
-”-
-”-
3
bordos xsnari _ 6-8 kg
-”-
-”-
3
saTesleebi
bravo _ 3-3,3 kg
-”-
-”-
3
-”-
dakonili _ 2,0 kg
-”-
-”-
3
ridomili _ 2,5 kg
-”-
-”-
3
spil. qlorJangi _2,4 kg
-”-
-”-
3
tatu _ 2,5-3,0 kg
-”-
-”-
1-2
masobrivi
kvercxdebisas
1
-”-
2
kultura
xaxvi
preparatis dasaxeleba
da norma kg/ha
bazudini _ 25 kg
antrakoli 1,5-2 kg
4.
kombosto
bazudini _ 10-25 kg
konfidor maqsi
0,04-0,05 kg/ha
zedapiruli Setana
buzis masobrivi kvercxdebisas kom-bostos
buzis sawin.
TeTrulebi, xvatarebi,
CrCili, bugrebi
53
#
kultura
4.
kombosto
preparatis dasaxeleba
da norma kg/ha
bazudini _ 10-25 kg
konfidor maqsi
0,04-0,05 kg/ha
mavnebeli da
daavadeba
Setanis
vada
jeradoba
zedapiruli Setana
buzis masobrivi kvercxdebisas kom-bostos
buzis sawin.
masobrivi
kvercxdebisas
1
TeTrulebi, xvatarebi,
CrCili, bugrebi
-”-
2
-”-
2
decisi _ 0,3 kg
-”-
-”- _ 0,4-0,5 kg
rwyilebi
-”-
2
karate _ 0,1 kg
xvatarebi, TeTrulebi,
CrCili, rwyilebi
-”-
2
-”-
2
koloiduri gogirdi _ 50 kg Savfexa
-”-
1
mikali 3-4 kg/ha
Savfexa, nacari
-”-
1
bazudini _ 40-50 kg
mRrRnelebi
Serpa _ 0,16 kg
5.
54
sufris
Warxali
-”-
zedapiruli Setana
1
#
6.
7.
8.
kultura
stafilo
preparatis dasaxeleba
da norma kg/ha
teqto _ 0,05 kg
yvela bostneulis Teslis damuSaveba 4-6 g
1 kg Teslze
konili _ 0.04- g/kg
Teslze tmtd
kvalsaTburebi,
saTburebi,
Ria grunti, baRebi,
sawyobebi,
qarsafrebi
da sxv.
TuTis fosfidi _ 20%-5%
daRerRili marcvali _
100 kg
mzesumziris zeTi _
4,5-5,0 kg
bazudini 20-25 kg/ha
mavnebeli da
daavadeba
Setanis
vada
jeradoba
fomozi, TeTri da nacrisferi sidam-ple,
Savi damploba, fuzariozi
saTesleebis Senaxvamde sadede
Zirxve-nebis damuSaveba 0,5%
xsnariT
1
Teslis obi, askoqitozi, fuzariozi,
TeTri da nacrisferi sidample, baqteriozi, anTraqnozi,
fitoftorozi, qeci,
fomozi
SenjRreviT minis
qilaSi an
polieTilenis
parkSi SewamvliT
1
Tagvebis, memindvriebis, maxrebis, xvatarebis sawinaaRmdegod
ganaxleba
da meored
Setana 30
dReSi
niadagid mavneblebis
winaaRmdeg
Tesvargvis Catarebamde
2
1
55
#
kultura
preparatis dasaxeleba
da norma kg/ha
mavnebeli da
daavadeba
Setanis
vada
jeradoba
herbicidebi
9.
10.
gezegardi _ 3-5 kg
totaluri
klini 2-4 kg l
moqmedebis
herbicidebi nokdauni 2-3 l
Warxali,
stafilo,
kombosto,
xaxvi
-”-
56
qinZi, oxraxuSi, kama,
barda, soio, niori,
lobio, daTesvamde
erTwliani da mravalwliani sarevelebi
Sesxureba
kulturis aRmocenebamde
3-5 dRiT
adre
1
poasti _ 1-3 kg
mravalwliani marcvlovani sarevelebi
naTesebis
Sesxureba
sarevelebis 10-15
foTlis
fazaSi
1
nabu _ 1-3 kg
marcvlovani sarevelebi
Sesxureba
sare-velebis 2-6
foTlis
fazaSi
1
#
kultura
-”-
11.
pomidori
-”-
12.
mindvrebi,
sadac dairgveba bostneuli
preparatis dasaxeleba
da norma kg/ha
targa superi _ 1-2 kg
mavnebeli da
daavadeba
erTwliani marcvlovani sarevelebi
Setanis
vada
jeradoba
naTesebis
Sesxureba
sare-velebis 2-4
foTlis
fazaSi
1
zenkori 1-1,2
-”-
-”-
2
fuzilad superi _ 2-4 kg
-”-
-”-
1
sarevelis
12-14 sm
simaRlis
fazaSi
1
raundapi _ 4-5 kg
klini _ 3-4 kg
Salafa, Zurwa
Wanga, leli
da yvela sxva erTwliani balaxebi
nokdauni-3-5 kg
nitosorgi _ 3-4 kg
an sxva msgavsi preparati
57
sasoflo-sameurneo saqmianobis Sesaxeb konsultaciis misaRebad
mimarTeT sasoflo-sakonsultacio samsaxurs Semdeg misamarTebze:
axalcixe
gvaramaZis q. #6
tel: 822 506365; 822 506366
daba adigeni
mesxeTis q. #19 (II sarTuli)
tel: 899 980052
daba aspinZa
Tamaris q. #3 (I sarTuli)
tel: 899 729099
58
wigni gamoica sasoflo-sakonsultacio samsaxuris mier “saarsebo saSualebebis mdgradi ganviTarebisa da regionaluri dagegmarebis” proeqtis farglebSi.
proeqts axorcielebs “qea saerTaSoriso kavkasiaSi” didi britaneTis
saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis departamentis dafinansebiT.