Candice Breitz
Transcription
Candice Breitz
Candice Breitz Candice Breitz CANDICE BREITZ AND LOUISE NERI : ETERNAL RETURNS Louise Neri In your work you cut, mask, abbreviate, disrupt, conceal, to signal that something is missing, or has been taken away. What is your interest in using traditional modernist strategies such as assemblage, montage, as well as the conceits of avant-garde linguistic theory ? How do you relate to the historical precedents ? And what meaning do these strategies carry for you as an artist of the next century ? Candice Breitz To appropriate and sample existing material is to draw on a long avant-garde tradition. Perhaps in the past it was possible to imagine this way of working as a deliberately chosen artistic strategy, as one aesthetic option among others. The fundamental difference now is that using found or readymade material in one’s work no longer seems like just an option. Rather, at this point, it is an inescapable condition, which comes with the realization that the creative process is not about originating and animating, but rather about recycling, translating, interpreting, in short, a process of reanimating materials and languages that pre-exist one’s own practice. One has no choice – if one lives in large urban centres – but to consume the cultural produce of global capitalism. But consumption must be followed by digestion, and then excretion. 3 Candice Breitz LN So then, what is your relationship to contemporaries like Ellen Gallagher, for instance, who uses similar strategies in certain works ? CB In earlier photobased works like the Ghost Series and the Group Portraits, I translated images from National Geographic -style tourist postcards and glossy fashion magazines. The idea was to remove certain elements and reconfigure what was left so as to create a new visual grammar through which previously invisible content might emerge from familiar images. After the process of deletion, I re-photographed the works in order to eliminate the fetishistic presence of the source image. In the case of the Ghost Series and the Rainbow Series, I was working with charged sources and probing certain race and gender stereotypes. An artist like Ellen Gallagher – whose work I admire very much – is as likely as I am, as a white South African, to have her work read psycho-biographically, but to opposite effect. Which is to say that as an artist of colour she might be granted the licence to use certain strategies in her work that might be denied to me. Conversely, I am aware of the invisible power and privilege that come with being white. The Ghost Series was precisely about the violence that can be performed by whiteness. left : Ghost Series #4, 1994–6 right : Rainbow Series #12, 1996 Candice Breitz some essential way. We can’t get rid of the glut of visual information that surrounds us, but we can make images work for us, rather than only having them work on us. The culture of spectacular images is insidious mainly because it presents itself as a natural landscape, rather than as a set of artificial conventions. We grow so used to this landscape that we forget it might be possible to map alternate landscapes. When I work with familiar images, part of what I want to do is to de-naturalise them, to make them strange again. Group Portrait #10, 2001 LN What is it that interests you so much about the negative space around things ? CB So much of our visual culture is about what is left out, what goes unsaid, what remains invisible. Drawing attention to the negative spaces – things that usually remain invisible – is a way of suggesting that though we cannot escape the culture machine as it is, we can use literacy to counter it. We can train ourselves to examine and process the images that are fed to us, rather than simply swallowing them whole. LN But deconstruction is now fully absorbed, even commodified, in contemporary culture. It is no longer a theory. CB That’s why I prefer the term ‘ literacy ’ to ‘ deconstruction ’. Deconstruction implies the mechanical dismantling of a structure. Literacy simply implies an ability to read between the lines, to be able to read what is not there. You were criticised for the way you used LN images of black women ? CB “ How dare you cut up and white out black women ? ” was the question I was asked more than once ( Nobody seemed to mind that I was cutting up white women too ! ). To be interesting, a question like that would have to include the workings of representation : “ How dare you cut up images of black women ? ” To assume that an image can stand in transparently for that which it represents is problematic, especially given the fact that the source images that I was using to make those early works were images that had already been heavily conventionalised and encoded ( by National Geographic or Hustler or Cosmopolitan ). LN Well, that touches a larger issue, about the contemporary inability to distinguish between what is real and what is an image. CB Images have different weights and different use values. Meaning is assigned to them in the moment of reception, rather than being inherent to them in 4 Why did your LN attention shift to the moving image ? CB The ideas I was exploring in my photobased work tended to be linguistic and performative in nature. There was often an implied duration built into them. It was a logical step to start experimenting with moving images. The dimension of sound attracted me. I was also interested in the mechanical and repetitive potential of video, as this relates to certain psychological impulses. The drama of being is a drama of repetition. To maintain a notion of who we are requires a certain consistency, the constant repeating and confirming of certain beliefs, values and behaviours. We learn who we are by watching others. We learn to speak in the same way, through mimicry and repetition. We get to know 5 Candice Breitz Candice Breitz culture are much more literate than is generally assumed. I’m interested in the biographical dimension of pop, how it is woven into the lives of its users. The stories that consumers tell often have nothing to do with the illusions that are marketed to them. I’m thinking of some of the fans who took part in King ( A Portrait of Michael Jackson ). One told us that she had been in an East German prison for several years, where she was part of a group of performing prisoners who would illustrate the cultural dimension of prison life to official visitors by singing and dancing for them. One day the director of the prison gave her a tape of the Thriller album and suggested that she include it in her repertoire. At the time, she couldn’t speak a word of English and had never seen a Michael Jackson video, but nevertheless she learnt the album off by heart and built it into her routine. She claims that Jackson’s music helped her to survive her prison experience. Another young woman from Linz wrote to us requesting the chance to prove that her two greatest passions in life – Michael Jackson and belly dancing – were absolutely compatible. She belly danced her way through the whole Thriller album wearing a sequinned costume that she had bought in Egypt. These are not people who have simply been coerced by an oppressive culture industry. They are users of this culture, who have laid claim to it in ways that could never have been anticipated. ourselves through our recurring desires. The video loop is a great way to explore this whole drama. Babel Series, 1999 You often evoke the idea of ghosts or spectral LN presences… CB LN CB LN CB I find mainstream culture to be strangely dead compared to the multi-layered experience of being alive. A couple of years ago, I used the title Re-Animations for a catalogue on my work. I’ve never liked the term ‘animation’ because it implies a theistic, life-giving force. No work of art can compete with the sheer drama, diversity and interest of everyday life. Re-animation is more about feeding on cultural corpses, seizing a piece of inanimate footage and trying to revive it, along with the disastrous and unpredictable consequences that this might entail. The re-animated actors who perform for me in Mother + Father never acquire the fluid movement and full consciousness that we associate with life. Like Frankenstein’s monster, they jerk and twitch their way through the narrative. Lately, this thanatos drive of the re-animated works that belongs to the “ dead body ” of culture of which you speak, seems to be balanced by the eros, or amateur vitality, of the karaoke-like works that deal with human potential and the formation of human identity. With this you comment on the double-edged aspect of creativity : although your live subjects are being asked to perform within a prescribed framework, there is great licence and little mimicry in the ways that they interpret the given frames. The tension between eros and thanatos perfectly describes the love-hate relationship that I have with the mainstream media. The entertainment industry can be an oppressive force that invades, empties out and flattens us. We are vulnerable to this culture because it knows what we lack, or in many cases tells us what we lack, and then maintains its appeal by promising to address this. On the other hand, there are significant ways in which we can use this culture, ways in which it can be moulded to suit our purposes. Can you elaborate ? LN Similarly you justify your own pirating of pop culture as a ‘shareholder-consumer ’ in this culture. CB An iron can be used to straighten clothes, as a paperweight, or as a weapon. One should not feel obliged to accept the use that is dictated by the manufacturer. Similarly, when one buys a CD or a ticket to see a movie, one should have the right to use these purchases as one chooses, including the possibility of cutting them up, translating them, or redirecting them. LN Do you feel the same way about how someone else might use your work ? CB Absolutely. Culture moves itself forward by cannibalising other culture. All artists are in dialogue with the work of other artists, intentionally or not. Since I make my work by feeding off the work of others, I can hardly object to others feeding off me. What if your work was LN re-appropriated by popular culture ? CB Artists have always served as the research and development arm of the entertainment industry. It’s disturbing when a good idea derived from a work of art is instrumentalised purely to generate profit, but I think it would be naïve to imagine that, as an artist, one could prevent the migration of ideas. Consumers of popular 6 7 Candice Breitz LN Well, we’re living in a time where early Conceptual Art strategies have been appropriated by the advertising industry : the instruction, the non sequitur, language games, narratives and so on. CB Most artistic ideas have a sell-by date, after which they lose their potency ( but often maintain their historical interest ). Artists can only remain relevant by constantly coming up with new strategies that relate to the changing context in which they work. LN You yourself cite Sol LeWitt’s Instructions as inspiration for your working methods. But, interestingly, you take his original strategy and apply its clear, rigorous conceptual programme to a new kind of highly charged content. How do you decide on the structure for any given work ? Candice Breitz performances cut from mainstream films that typify Hollywood clichés of femininity with your own impersonations of that footage, shot verité-style in black and white. It is a hybrid, positioned between the hypercommodified, hyperproduced product that you distil and remake and the artless fervour of the amateur that you capture in real time. Had you studied acting yourself ? CB Not at all ! Each re-performance of about a minute of Hollywood footage took about three days to shoot. Each segment of footage used was chosen out of sixty or seventy takes. It was sheer agony ! LN This turns your original argument about Hollywood artifice on its head, as I’m sure that the gestures that you trained yourself to mimic are natural to each of these actresses, their particular tics. After all, actresses are themselves real people with distinctive characteristics. But, as the only live actor performing several roles in this work, you reverse the relation between yourself and the ‘ real ’ Hollywood characters that you imitate. They appear to be copies of you. CB Becoming has a ‘pushmi-pullyu’ structure, with me performing on one screen, and a Hollywood actress on a second, back to back. I tried to keep this heads-or-tails tension in play by letting each two-headed installation share the same soundtrack. In each case, the voice of the Hollywood actress is threaded through both bodies simultaneously. One is left questioning who is playing whom. v left : The Ewing Family of Dallas right : Diorama, 2002 CB The structure is usually suggested to me by my raw material, the footage that I want to re-compose. I push it through a process of distillation or reduction, trying to figure out what makes the footage compelling to me, what is essential to it. A work like the Babel Series reduces a range of different music videos from the early days of MTV to a primal babble – where Madonna’s “ pa-pa-pa-pa ” competes with Freddie Mercury’s “ ma-ma-ma-ma ” and Sting’s “ da-da-da-da ”. Deliberate communication is usurped by the circular and noisy spewing of infantile babble. Diorama, another multi-channel work, boils the soap opera Dallas down to its archetypal family members, the Mother, the Father, the Good Son, the Bad Son, and so on, and conducts them in a dizzying chant that draws its vocabulary from the dilemmas of family life : “ I want a clean and fast divorce ”, “ You’re no son of mine ”, “ I always cry at weddings ” and so on. In these and other multi-channel works, such as Four Duets and Karaoke, the viewer enters a space filled by many disparate and competing voices, and becomes a human mixing board. Still from Karaoke, 2000 LN In Becoming you juxtaposed cameo 8 Becoming Jennifer, 2003 LN Mother + Father is provocative as a work about genesis and formation of the self. The visual and sound edits focus on the relationship between the absent child ( almost always masked out of the frame, along with any identifying context ) and the parent. Using digital editing processes, you vivisect various famous parental archetypes from Hollywood movies, divorcing them from their persuasiveness, their pathos, their authority. You distil them to abrasive pathological entities, with special focus on their moment of breakdown. Why did you decide on this ‘ temperament ’ and how did you manage to identify it across so many different subjects ? CB I’m obsessed with the loop between fictional life and lived life. Since Hollywood harvests the drama of everyday life for its plots, the narratives of Hollywood movies resonate uncannily at times. Are my feelings coincidentally just like these Hollywood feelings, or are Hollywood 9 Candice Breitz Candice Breitz feelings based on my feelings ? Did that Hollywood father just say the same thing that my father used to say to me ? Does that Hollywood actress feel the same way about her mother as I feel about mine ? Much of my work deals with the question of how we become who we are, and to what extent this process is influenced by our absorption of the values sold to us by the mainstream media. More and more we learn who we are not only from our parents and our immediate social contexts, but also from the entertainment industry. In this sense, the media has gradually come to share, and in certain instances to take over, the complex job of parenting. them in some essential way. We can’t get rid of the glut of visual information that surrounds us, but we can make images work for us, rather than only having them work on us. The culture of spectacular images is insidious mainly because it presents itself as a natural landscape, rather than as a set of artificial conventions. We grow so used to this landscape that we forget it might be possible to map alternate landscapes. When I work with familiar images, part of what I want to do is to de-naturalise them, to make them strange again. The parent-child relationship maps itself quite neatly onto the star-fan relationship. The star / parent offers itself to the fan / child as a prototype to be emulated and duplicated, not only in terms of appearance and behaviour but also in terms of values. If the media is competing to be a parent to our children, then what does this media-mom and media-dad look like ? In the Babel Series, the parent-child dynamic that I associate with the fan’s adoration of the star was inverted, as various pop stars looped through endless monosyllables of baby talk. In Diorama, a whole spectrum of family experience was collapsed into a primal chant about marriage and love and divorce and adoption. With Mother + Father, I wanted to explore the purely affective dimension of Hollywood tearjerkers, the breaking-point emotions associated with parenthood : rejection, devotion, desperation and obsession. I wanted to release the affect from linear narrative, to see if I could free the actors from the original movies and get them to act for me. Most Hollywood movies depict parents as dysfunctional, unhappy or incompetent, almost as if in order to claim the parental role for itself, Hollywood must undermine the credibility of real parenthood. Group Portrait #10, 2001 What is it that interests you so much about the negative space around things ? So much of our visual culture is about what is left out, what goes unsaid, what remains invisible. Drawing attention to the negative spaces – things that usually remain invisible – is a way of suggesting that though we cannot escape the culture machine as it is, we can use literacy to counter it. We can train ourselves to examine and from Mother, process theStill images that2005 are fed to us, rather than simply swallowing them whole. But deconstruction is now fully absorbed, even commodified, in contemporary culture. It is no longer a theory. That’s why I prefer the term “ literacy ” to “ deconstruction ”. Deconstruction implies the mechanical dismantling of a structure. Literacy simply implies an ability to read between the lines, to be able to read what is not there. Why did your Still from the Babel Series, 1999 attention shift to the moving image ? Well, after all, LN Walt Disney’s invention was a parentless world. CB LN Interestingly, viewers who watch Mother + Father sometimes still identify with the roles that were originally played by the actors. Rather than what you have done to them ? 10 The ideas I was exploring in my photo-based work tended to be linguistic and performative in nature. There was often an implied duration built into them. It was a logical step to start experimenting with moving images. The dimension of sound attracted me. I was also interested in the mechanical and repetitive potential of video as this relates to certain psychological impulses. The drama of being is a drama of repetition. To maintain a notion of who we are requires a certain consistency, the constant repeating and confirming of certain beliefs, values and behaviours. We learn who we are by watching others. We learn to speak in the same way, through mimicry and repetition. We get to know 11 Candice Breitz Candice Breitz them in some essential way. We can’t get rid of the glut of visual information that surrounds us, but we can make images work for us, rather than only having them work on us. The culture of spectacular images is insidious mainly because it presents itself as a natural landscape, rather than as a set of artificial conventions. We grow so used to this landscape that we forget it might be possible to map alternate landscapes. When I work with familiar images, part of what I want to do is to de-naturalise them, to make them strange again. Group Portrait #10, 2001 What is it that interests you so much about the negative space around things ? So much of our visual culture is about what is left out, what goes unsaid, what remains invisible. Drawing attention to the negative spaces – things that usually remain invisible – is a way of suggesting that though we cannot escape the culture machine as it is, we can use literacy to counter it. We can train ourselves to examine and process the images that are fed to us, rather than simply swallowing them whole. Mother, 2005 6-Channel Installation / 6 Hard Drives Duration : 13 minutes, 15 seconds Installation View : Castello di Rivoli, Turin Private Collection But deconstruction is now fully absorbed, even commodified, in contemporary culture. It is no longer a theory. That’s why I prefer the term “ literacy ” to “ deconstruction ”. Deconstruction implies the mechanical dismantling of a structure. Literacy simply implies an ability to read between the lines, to be able to read what is not there. Why did your attention shift to the moving image ? The ideas I was exploring in my Stills from Mother, 2005 photo-based work tended to be linguistic and performative in nature. There was often an implied duration built into them. It was a logical step to start experimenting with moving images. The dimension of sound attracted me. I was also interested in the mechanical and repetitive potential of video as this relates to certain psychological impulses. The drama of being is a drama of repetition. To maintain a notion of who we are requires a certain consistency, the constant repeating and confirming of certain beliefs, values and behaviours. We learn who we are by watching others. We learn to speak in the same way, through mimicry and repetition. We get to know 12 12 13 Candice Breitz Candice Breitz them in some essential way. We can’t get rid of the glut of visual information that surrounds us, but we can make images work for us, rather than only having them work on us. The culture of spectacular images is insidious mainly because it presents itself as a natural landscape, rather than as a set of artificial conventions. We grow so used to this landscape that we forget it might be possible to map alternate landscapes. When I work with familiar images, part of what I want to do is to de-naturalise them, to make them strange again. Group Portrait #10, 2001 What is it that interests you so much about the negative space around things ? So much of our visual culture is about what is left out, what goes unsaid, what remains invisible. Drawing attention to the negative spaces – things that usually remain invisible – is a way of suggesting that though we cannot escape the culture machine as it is, we can use literacy to counter it. We can train ourselves to examine and process the images that are fed to us, rather than simply swallowing them whole. But deconstruction is now fully absorbed, even commodified, in contemporary culture. It is no longer a theory. That’s why I prefer the term “ literacy ” to “ deconstruction ”. Deconstruction implies the mechanical dismantling of a structure. Literacy simply implies an ability to read between the lines, to be able to read what is not there. Why did your attention shift to the moving image ? The ideas I was exploring in my photo-based work tended to be linguistic and performative in nature. There was often an implied duration built into them. It was a logical step to start experimenting with moving images. The dimension of sound attracted me. I was also interested in the mechanical and repetitive potential of video as this relates to certain psychological impulses. The drama of being is a drama of repetition. To maintain a notion of who we are requires a certain Stills from Father, 2005 consistency, the constant repeating and confirming of certain beliefs, values and behaviours. We learn who we are by watching others. We learn to speak in the same way, through mimicry and repetition. We get to know Stills from Mother, 2005 14 14 15 Candice Breitz Candice Breitz them in some essential way. We can’t get rid of the glut of visual information that surrounds us, but we can make images work for us, rather than only having them work on us. The culture of spectacular images is insidious mainly because it presents itself as a natural landscape, rather than as a set of artificial conventions. We grow so used to this landscape that we forget it might be possible to map alternate landscapes. When I work with familiar images, part of what I want to do is to de-naturalise them, to make them strange again. Louise Neri Candice Breitz Group Portrait #10, 2001 What is it that interests you so much about the negative space around things ? So much of our visual culture is about what is left out, what goes unsaid, what remains invisible. Drawing attention to the negative spaces – things that usually remain invisible – is a way of suggesting that though we cannot escape the culture machine as it is, we can use literacy to counter it. We can train ourselves to examine and process the images that are fed to us, rather than simply swallowing them whole. Louise Neri Candice Breitz But deconstruction is now fully absorbed, even commodified, in contemporary culture. It is no longer a theory. Father, 2005 6-Channel Installation / 6 Hard Drives Duration : 11 minutes That’s why I prefer the term Installation View : Castello di Rivoli, Turin “ literacy ” to “Private deconstruction ”. Deconstruction implies the mechanical Collection Louise Neri dismantling of a structure. Literacy simply implies an ability to read between the lines, to be able to read what is not there. Candice Breitz Why did your attention shift to the moving image ? The ideas I was exploring in my photo-based work tended to be linguistic and performative in nature. There was often an implied duration built into them. It was a logical step to start experimenting with moving images. The dimension of sound attracted me. I was also interested in the mechanical and repetitive potential of video as this relates to certain psychological impulses. The drama of being is a drama of repetition. To maintain a notion of who we are requires a certain consistency, the constant repeating and confirming of certain beliefs, values and behaviours. We learn who we are by watching others. We learn to speak in the same way, through mimicry and repetition. We get to know Stills from Father, 2005 Louise Neri 16 16 17 Candice Breitz CB Candice Breitz CB More than adding something new to the footage, I think I amplified the neuroses and extremes that were already there. I heightened the intensity of the footage by removing it from the purpose of telling a specific story, then looped it, layered it, and teased out its darkest implications. We all have to deal with family. That’s probably why Jonathan Franzen’s novel The Corrections – a book that was based on the writer’s own family and which was a strong inspiration for Mother + Father – was such a hit, and it may be the same reason why people identify with Mother + Father. LN You describe the readymade characters in Mother + Father as ‘ unwilling marionettes ’. Can you speak about your directorial relation with them ? CB I was playing puppet master, trying to get the kidnapped actors to do my bidding. But the footage had a will of its own and I could feel it tangibly resisting my direction a lot of the time. The editing process was a tug of war, with me doing everything in my power to hold onto the strings and wrest new meaning from the footage, and the footage doing everything in its power to communicate the messages that it was programmed to communicate. This struggle to control the production of meaning is a constant in my work. Meaning always resides somewhere between the sample and the sampler during the editing process, then later it is broadened by the viewer. LN You work hard to re-edit and thus reconfigure the performance of highly trained, highly directed, highly paid screen idols, yet when you work with unknown amateurs you are willing to set up a simple structure and let their idolatry fill the screen. CB The contrast between the found footage works, and the works in which I give almost free rein to amateur performers, points to a central dichotomy in my work between the ‘ somebodies ’ ( stars whose visibility is their claim to power ) and the ‘ nobodies ’ ( fans and consumers of global pop culture, whose identifications and obsessions largely remain invisible ). My own allegiance lies with the nobodies, amongst whom I count myself as a user of the culture. Therefore, when I am working with fans, I like to keep my directorial presence very light, creating an environment in which they can perform their relationship to the entertainment industry in whatever way they choose. Interestingly, few fans want to emulate their idols in the studio. They prefer to translate the material into their own terms. When I make works like the portraits, effectively I’m surveying a community of consumers who are in dialogue with the music of a particular pop star, and testing the range of identifications that one pop star can generate. The diversity is extraordinary. LN CB Still from Father, 2005 LN CB LN LN 18 How did this evolution in your work actually occur ? 19 Candice Breitz CB After the drama of making Mother + Father, which felt like a decade of therapy compressed into a year, I wanted to feed some of the ideas that I had about the star-fan relationship back into a work in which the limelight was given over to fans. I’d also wanted to experiment with portraiture for a while. When T - B A21 Vienna commissioned me to make a work in Jamaica, I decided to make a portrait of Bob Marley, knowing full well how risky that could be. What I wanted to do was to give the definitive compilation album Legend back to Bob Marley’s Jamaican fans. Thirty Jamaicans from all walks of life were invited into a professional recording studio in Port Antonio and given the opportunity to re-perform Legend exactly as they wished, from beginning to end. Their individual performances were then assembled on a wall of thirty monitors. In the final portrait, Marley’s voice and the familiar musical arrangements are absent ( the fans sing along to an album that we no longer hear ). He remains present in the work only as a complex composite of those whose stories he has told and those whose lives have intersected with his music. LN And the portraits that followed, King ( A Portrait of Michael Jackson ) and Queen ( A Portrait of Madonna ) ? CB I was curious whether the performances of the Marley fans could be seen to represent the general relationship of fans to their idols or whether their studio appearances were specific to Bob Marley fans and the Jamaican context. To find out, I decided to make portraits of Pop’s royal couple, Madonna and Michael Jackson. In terms of their influence, Madge and Jacko play something akin to a parental role in the lives of their serious fans, so I thought it would be interesting to show King and Queen alongside Mother + Father. King was shot in a recording studio in Berlin, where sixteen Jackson fans from all over Germany and Austria were asked to perform the entire Thriller album for us. Queen was shot a week later in Milan. Droves of Italian Madonna fanatics responded to the ads that we placed in newspapers and on fan websites, and we finally selected thirty to perform the full seventy-three minutes of the Immaculate Collection. I decided that the two new portraits would follow the same basic format as Legend : in each case, the structure and length of the original album would determine the structure and length of the new work. Candice Breitz and over again on her powers of self-transformation, and many felt vicariously empowered by her in-your-face attitude. Just as every parentchild relationship is the same but different from the next, each star-fan relationship involves a delicate and unique machinery. As the series of portraits develops, I hope to be able to show the interviews that we have been doing with each fan alongside the actual portraits. LN How did you choose the locations and how did they affect the portraits ? CB I am interested in the tension between a very global mainstream culture and the local contexts in which it is absorbed and used. I think that King says as much about a specific social and historical moment in Germany, where it was shot, as it does about Michael Jackson. Since Madonna is always making reference to her Italian roots, it was fun to give her album to a group of Italians to interpret, to give the work an Italian accent. The portraits bring together the intimate experience of listening to a favourite album at home, with the more global longing for fame that is inherent to the screen test. LN Yet they are very different from Warhol’s Screen Tests, which were deliberately inert and controlled. Andy Warhol, Screen Test ( Nico ), 1966 CB They are similar in that they tell us more about how the individuals portrayed would like them-selves to be seen, than who these individuals actually are. Like Warhol’s subjects, each fan treated his or her moment in front of the camera as he or she wished, and each performance is given equal importance in the final presentation of the work. So, do you accept Joseph Beuys’ maxim that everybody is LN How do they LN an artist ? differ ? CB CB Astoundingly. The Jackson fans had just witnessed the end of their idol’s recent legal trial and some were vulnerable and defensive as a result. Several identified with Jackson not only because they loved his music, but also because they saw him as a survivor who had managed to withstand a series of life challenges. Many of them told stories about hardships that they themselves had overcome. The Madonna fans were an altogether more gregarious bunch, ranging from rampant exhibitionists to housewives who saw Madonna as “ the mother who has it all ”. They commented over 20 Not really. I’m pretty realistic about what these portraits can and can’t achieve. One of the Michael Jackson fans told us that her day in the recording studio was the best day of her life, because she hated her nineto-five life and this was the furthest she had ever managed to escape from it. Her perform-ance was one of the most ex-uberant and cathartic that we have shot. The next day she drove home to her nine-to-five life. A young woman who performed for us in Milan told us that singing the Madonna album for us “ was like a marriage… it only happens for one day, but you 21 Candice Breitz remember it forever .” These kinds of com-ments reveal that the fans themselves understand that their performances are anomalous moments that have little to do with their daily lives. Why are you so obsessed by LN repetition ? It’s almost impossible to escape the force of habit. CB Candice Breitz them in some essential way. We can’t get rid of the glut of visual information that surrounds us, but we can make images work for us, rather than only having them work on us. The culture of spectacular images is insidious mainly because it presents itself as a natural landscape, rather than as a set of artificial conventions. We grow so used to this landscape that we forget it might be possible to map alternate landscapes. When I work with familiar images, part of what I want to do is to de-naturalise them, to make them strange again. — Berlin, 2005 Group Portrait #10, 2001 What is it that interests you so much about the negative space around things ? So much of our visual culture is about what is left out, what goes unsaid, what remains invisible. Drawing attention to the negative spaces – things that usually remain invisible – is a way of suggesting that though we cannot escape the culture machine as it is, we can use literacy to counter it. We can train ourselves to examine and process the images that are fed to us, rather than simply swallowing them whole. But deconstruction is now fully absorbed, even commodified, in contemporary culture. It is no longer a theory. That’s why I prefer the term “ literacy ” to “ deconstruction ”. Deconstruction implies the mechanical dismantling of a structure. Literacy simply implies an ability to read Legendthe ( A Portrait 2005 between lines, oftoBob beMarley able), to read what is not there. 30-Channel Installation / 30 Hard Drives Duration : 62 minutes, 40 seconds Installation View : Das Schiff, Basel Courtesy : Thyssen-Bornemisza Art Contemporary, attention shift to the moving imageVienna ? Why did your The ideas I was exploring in my photo-based work tended to be linguistic and performative in nature. There was often an implied duration built into them. It was a logical step to start experimenting with moving images. The dimension of sound attracted me. I was also interested in the mechanical and repetitive potential of video as this relates to certain psychological impulses. The drama of being is a drama of repetition. To maintain a notion of who we are requires a certain consistency, the constant repeating and confirming of certain beliefs, values and behaviours. We learn who we are by watching others. We learn to speak in the same way, through mimicry and repetition. We get to know 22 23 Candice Breitz Candice Breitz them in some essential way. We can’t get rid of the glut of visual information that surrounds us, but we can make images work for us, rather than only having them work on us. The culture of spectacular images is insidious mainly because it presents itself as a natural landscape, rather than as a set of artificial conventions. We grow so used to this landscape that we forget it might be possible to map alternate landscapes. When I work with familiar images, part of what I want to do is to de-naturalise them, to make them strange again. Group Portrait #10, 2001 What is it that interests you so much about the negative space around things ? So much of our visual culture is about what is left out, what goes unsaid, what remains invisible. Drawing attention to the negative spaces – things that usually remain invisible – is a way of suggesting that though we cannot escape the culture machine as it is, we can use literacy to counter it. We can train ourselves to examine and process the images that are fed to us, rather than simply swallowing them whole. But deconstruction is now fully absorbed, even commodified, in contemporary culture. It is no longer a theory. That’s why I prefer the term “ literacy ” to “ deconstruction ”. Deconstruction implies the mechanical dismantling of a structure. Literacy simply implies an ability to read between the lines, to be able to read what is not there. Why did your Stills from Legend, 2005 attention shift to the moving image ? The ideas I was exploring in my photo-based work tended to be linguistic and performative in nature. There The Making of Legend ( A Portrait of Bob Marley ) was often an Port implied duration built2005 into them. It was a logical step to start Gee Jam Studios, Antonio, Jamaica, March experimenting with moving images. The dimension of sound attracted me. I was also interested in the mechanical and repetitive potential of video as this relates to certain psychological impulses. The drama of being is a drama of repetition. To maintain a notion of who we are requires a certain consistency, the constant repeating and confirming of certain beliefs, values and behaviours. We learn who we are by watching others. We learn to speak in the same way, through mimicry and repetition. We get to know 24 24 25 Candice Breitz Candice Breitz them in some essential way. We can’t get rid of the glut of visual information that surrounds us, but we can make images work for us, rather than only having them work on us. The culture of spectacular images is insidious mainly because it presents itself as a natural landscape, rather than as a set of artificial conventions. We grow so used to this landscape that we forget it might be possible to map alternate landscapes. When I work with familiar images, part of what I want to do is to de-naturalise them, to make them strange again. Group Portrait #10, 2001 What is it that interests you so much about the negative space around things ? So much of our visual culture is about what is left out, what goes unsaid, what remains invisible. Drawing attention to the negative spaces – things that usually remain invisible – is a way of suggesting that though we cannot escape the culture machine as it is, we can use literacy to counter it. We can train ourselves to examine and process the images that are fed to us, rather than simply swallowing them whole. But deconstruction is now fully absorbed, even commodified, in contemporary culture. It is no longer a theory. That’s why I prefer the term “ literacy ” to “ deconstruction ”. Deconstruction implies the mechanical dismantling of a structure. Literacy simply implies an ability to read between the lines, to be able to read what is not there. Why did your attention shift to the moving image ? The ideas I was exploring in my photo-based work tended to be linguistic and performative in nature. There was often an implied duration built into them. It was a logical step to start experimenting with moving images. The dimension of sound attracted me. I was also interested in the mechanical and repetitive potential of video as this relates to certain psychological impulses. The drama of being is a drama of repetition. To maintain a notion of who we are requires a certain consistency, the constant repeating and confirming of certain beliefs, Stills from Queen ( A Portrait of Madonna ), 2005 values30-Channel and behaviours. We Installation / 30 Hardlearn Driveswho we are by watching others. We learn Duration : 73 minutes, 30 seconds to speak in the same way, through mimicry and repetition. We get to know 26 26 27 Candice Breitz Candice Breitz Stills from Queen, 2005 The Making of Queen ( A Portrait of Madonna ) Jungle Sound Station, Milan, Italy, July 2005 28 28 29 Candice Breitz Images Page 4 Ghost Series # 4, 1994 – 6 Colour photograph / 40”× 27” Courtesy: Milwaukee Art Museum Rainbow Series # 12, 1996 Cibachrome photograph / 40”× 60” Courtesy: Pierre Huber, Geneva Page 5 Group Portrait # 10, 2001 Cibachrome photograph / 20”× 16” Courtesy: Roger Björkholmen, Stockholm Page 6 Babel Series, 1999 DVD installation / 7 Looping DVDs Installation view: O.K Center for Contemporary Art Upper Austria, Linz Courtesy: Thyssen-Bornemisza Art Contemporary, Vienna Page 8 Diorama, 2002 DVD installation / 9 Looping DVDs Commissioned by ArtPace, San Antonio Installation view: Statements, Art Basel Miami Beach Courtesy: True Collection, Seattle Still from Karaoke, 2000 DVD installation / 10 looping DVDs Courtesy: Hamburger Kunsthalle, Hamburg Page 9 Stills from Becoming Jennifer, 2003 Dual-channel Installation / 2 hard drives Duration: 34 seconds, 12 frames Courtesy: Sammlung Goetz, Munich Page 10 Stills from Babel Series, 1999 DVD installation / 7 looping DVDs Courtesy: Thyssen-Bornemisza Art Contemporary, Vienna Stills from King ( A Portrait of Michael Jackson ), 2005 16-Channel Installation / 16 Hard Drives Duration : 42 minutes, 20 seconds 30 31 Acknowledgments Page 11 – 18 Acknowledgments Mother + Father, 2005 Backdrop Catering Technical Realisation Two 6-Channel Installations Duration of Father: 11 minutes Duration of Mother: 13 minutes, 15 seconds Director Producer Post-Production Post-Production Assistants Sound Technical Realisation Special Thanks Special Thanks Candice Breitz Jack Bakker Alexander Fahl Julien Binet, Yvonne Brandl, Halina Kliem, Andrei Loginov, Lars Oeschler, René Petit, Julia Pfeiffer, Janne Schäfer, Boris Schmidt, Max Schneider, Katja Schubert, Riccardo Zito. Max Schneider Neue Medien Projekte, Berlin MaloTek, New York Jack Bakker, Marcella Beccaria, Nicolette Cavaleros, María and Lorena de Corral, Alessio delli Castelli, Benjamin Geiselhart, Ida Gianelli, Antonio Homem, Francesca Kaufmann, Michael Lantz, Bjørn Melhus, Matthias Mühling + Ulrich Maria Rasche, Ileana Sonnabend, Raimar Stange, Ralph Niebuhr, Tobias Stengl, Jason Ysenberg. Mother + Father are dedicated to, though not necessarily inspired by EPB and LRB. Page 26 – 28 QUEEN ( A Portrait of Madonna ), 2005 30-Channel Installation Duration : 73 minutes, 30 seconds Director Producer Location Fans Project Management / Milan Project Management / Berlin Casting Camera Sound Interviews Production Assistants Post-Production Post-Production Assistant Mariarosa Repetto Francesca Kaufmann, Daphné Valroff, Bess Bajric Neue Medien Projekte, Berlin MaloTek, New York Michael Lantz, Alessio delli Castelli, Benjamin Geiselhart, Ralph Niebuhr, Giancarlo + Mariarosa Repetto, Linda Arcieri, Bess Bajric Page 30 KING ( A Portrait of Michael Jackson ), 2005 16-Channel Installation Duration : 42 minutes, 20 seconds Director Producer Location Fans Project Management Casting Camera Sound Interviews Post-Production Post-Production Assistant Technical Realisation Candice Breitz Francesca Kaufmann UFO Sound Studios, Berlin : July 2005 Andrew Cannon, Alexander Stolz, Rames Gouri, Gina Behrendt, Tanja Kerbler, Isabel Röhl, Claudia Wildner, Manuela Köllner, Katrin Orejuela, Eren Mendez Küslümoglu de la Vega, Melanie Diana Viereck, Kerrar Kilic, Ceyhun Katircioglu, Adlai Ogbonna, Kirsten Köhler, Rico Richter. Special thanks to Markus Schielke. Janne Schäfer, Alexander Fahl Janne Schäfer Yoliswa Gärtig Max Schneider Candice Breitz, Janne Schäfer Alexander Fahl Julia Pfeiffer Neue Medien Projekte, Berlin MaloTek, New York Candice Breitz Francesca Kaufmann Jungle Sound Station, Milan : July 2005 Matteo ‘Mayday’ Golinelli, Giancarlo Furfaro, Maurizio Cargnelutti, Besim ‘Bess’ Bajric, Sara Ballerini, Michele Albertin, Valeria Saccà, Mariella Mulé, Marika De Sandoli, Fiammetta Fabrizi, Fabiano Cecconi, Michele Valentino, Claudia Garavaglia, Tommaso Tanini, Beatrice Sinisi, Maria Zuccarino, Antonella Adriomi, Nicola Casadei, Paolo Piovera, Alessandra Grignani, Fabrizio Canepa, Alessia Alberti, Marco di Nola, Giuseppe Russo, Linda Arcieri, Augusto Castelli, Roberta Giovanardi, Silvia Celestini, Giuseppe Brocato, Alessandro Bizzozero. Giorgio Galfo, Chiara Boari Ortolani and Francesco Cappellano also sang for Queen. Chiara Repetto Alexander Fahl Chiara Repetto Sebastian Krügler Max Schneider Gianpaolo Manzoni, Chiara Repetto Gianpaolo Manzoni, Daphné Valroff Alexander Fahl Riccardo Zito 32 33 Biography Biography Candice Breitz was born in Johannesburg, 1972. Currently based in Berlin. 1998 1998 – 2002 1997 1997 1995 1993 Doctoral Candidate in Art History, Columbia University, New York Whitney Independent Studio Program, Whitney Museum, New York M.Phil. Art History, Columbia University, New York M.A. Art History, University of Chicago, Chicago B.A. ( Fine Arts ), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 1997 Residencies 2005 2003 2002 2002 2001 2000 Cité Internationale des Arts, Paris IASPIS International Artists’ Studio Program, Stockholm Künstlerhaus Bethanien International Artists in Residency Program, Berlin ArtPace Foundation, San Antonio O.K Centrum für Gegenwartskunst Oberösterreich, Linz Künstlerhaus Schloss Wiepersdorf, Wiepersdorf Solo Exhibitions 2005 Castello di Rivoli, Turin Palais de Tokyo, Paris Sonnabend Gallery, New York Edith-Russ-Haus für Medienkunst, Oldenburg Das Schiff, Basel 2004 Sonnabend Gallery, New York Moderna Museet, Stockholm FACT / Foundation for Art & Creative Technology, Liverpool Tokyo Wonder Site, Tokyo Galleri Roger Björkholmen, Stockholm Education 2003 Modern Art Oxford, Oxford Galerie Max Hetzler, Berlin asprey jacques, London De Beeldbank, Eindhoven Goethe Institute, Zagreb 2002 ArtPace Foundation, San Antonio INOVA Institute of Visual Arts, Milwaukee Künstlerhaus Bethanien, Berlin Museum Folkwang / RWE-Turm, Essen 2001 De Appel Foundation, Amsterdam O.K Center for Contemporary Art Upper Austria, Linz Kunstverein St. Gallen Kunstmuseum, St. Gallen Galerie Johnen & Schöttle, Cologne Galleri Roger Björkholmen, Stockholm Galeria João Graça, Lisbon francesca kaufmann, Milan 2000 Centre d’Art Contemporain Genève, Geneva New Museum of Contemporary Art, New York Galerie Art + Public, Geneva Galerie Rüdiger Schöttle, Munich francesca kaufmann, Milan Chicago Project Room, Chicago Künstlerhaus Schloss Wiepersdorf, Wiepersdorf 1999 Galerie Rüdiger Schöttle, Munich Galleri Roger Björkholmen, Stockholm 34 1996 1995 1994 Selected Group Exhibitions Galerie Johnen & Schöttle, Cologne Sala Mendoza, Caracas Chicago Project Room, Chicago Galleri Roger Björkholmen, Stockholm Craig Krull Gallery, Los Angeles Galerie Rüdiger Schöttle, Munich The Space Gallery, Johannesburg Cochrane Woods Art Center, Chicago Institute of Contemporary Art, Johannesburg 2005 The Experience of Art, 51. Esposizione Internationale d’Arte, Biennale di Venezia ( cat. ) CUT : Film as Found Object, Milwaukee Art Museum ( cat. ) Fair Use, Armand Hammer Museum, Los Angeles Circa Berlin, Nikolaj Contemporary Art Center, Copenhagen Superstars, Kunsthalle Wien, Vienna Others, Sørlandets Kunstmuseum, Kristiansand Girls on Film, Zwirner + Wirth Gallery, New York Artists Interrogate : Race and Identity, Milwaukee Art Museum ( cat. ) Moving On, NGBK, Berlin Collection, Pierre Huber, Le Musée cantonal des Beaux-Arts de Lausanne Aiwa To Zen, Tranzit, Prague 11th Biennale de l’Image en Mouvement, Centre pour l’image contemporaine, Geneva 2004 TV Today, Montevideo Time Based Arts, Amsterdam Africa Screams, Kunsthalle Wien, Vienna The Work of the Work, Henry Art Gallery, Seattle Video Hits, Queensland Art Gallery, Brisbane Music / Video, The Bronx Museum of the Arts, New York Why Not Live For Art ?, Tokyo Opera City Art Gallery, Tokyo Me Myself I, Kunstmuseum St. Gallen Shake, Villa Arson, Nice CUT : Film as Found Object, Museum of Contemporary Art, North Miami Shake Staatsaffäre, O.K Center for Contemporary Art, Linz Aufruhr der Gefühle, Museum für Photographie, Braunschweig and Kunsthalle Göppingen Art Unlimited, Art 35 Basel, Basel Any Place Any, Macedonian Museum of Contemporary Art, Thessaloniki Videothek, Galerie der Stadt Wels, Wels Strange Planet, Saltworks Gallery, Atlanta Gewalt, Loushy Art & Editions, Tel Aviv Africa Screams, Iwalewa House, Bayreuth ( cat. ) Visions of Paradise, João Ferreira Gallery, Cape Town Through the Looking Glass, Albany History Museum, Grahamstown Open House : Art and the Public Sphere, O.K Center for Contemporary Art, Linz Democracy and Change, Klein Karoo National Arts Festival, Oudtshoorn Weiße Nächte Kiel Oben, Kunsthalle Kiel 100 Handlungsanweisungen, Kunsthalle Wien, Vienna ( cat. ) Cabinet photographique érotique, Galerie Steinek, Vienna 2003 fuckin’ trendy – Mode in der zeitgenössischen Kunst, Kunsthalle Nürnberg Continuity and Transgression, National Museum of Art Osaka, Osaka Extended Play : Art Remixing Music, Govett-Brewster Art Museum, New Zealand Brightness ( Works from the Collection of Thyssen-Bornemisza Art 35 Biography Contemporary), Museum of Modern Art, Dubrovnik Plunder, Dundee Contemporary Arts, Dundee 2nd International Biennial for Contemporary Art in Göteborg, Gothenburg Striptease : Vom Verschleiern + Enthüllen in der Kunst, Kunstmuseum, St. Gallen Looks of Complicity, Centro Galego de Arte Contemporánea, Santiago de Compostela Some Things We Like…, asprey jacques, London Pictured, Galleri Roger Björkholmen, Stockholm Anemic Cinema, Sketch, London Paradigms, Longwood Art Gallery, New York Fins des Histoires ? Une traversée plurielle, Cité des Arts Chambéry, Chambéry Gallery Opening Show, Shugo Arts, Tokyo 2002 Remix : Contemporary Art and Pop, Tate Liverpool Arte in Video, Castello di Rivoli, Turin Continuity + Transgression, National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo Iconoclash : Image-Making in Science, Religion & Art, ZKM, Karlsruhe Schrägspur, Hamburger Kunsthalle, Hamburg Vidéo Topiques, Musée d’Art Moderne et Contemporain, Strasbourg Screen Memories, Art Tower Mito Contemporary Art Center, Tokyo Africaine, Studio Museum in Harlem, New York 40 Jahre : Fluxus und die Folgen, Caligari FilmBühne, Wiesbaden Emotional Site, Saga-cho Shokuryo Building, Tokyo Centre of Attraction, 8th Baltic Triennial of International Art, Vilnius Superlounge, Gale Gates, New York In the Side of Television, Espai d’Art Contemporani de Castelló, Castellon Candice Breitz, Christian Jankowski, Kenny Macleod, Anthony Wilkinson Gallery, London Sublimation, Klein Karoo National Arts Festival, Oudtshoorn Metropolis, Navy Pier, Chicago Art Fair, Chicago Total Überzogen, Edith-Russ-Haus für Medienkunst, Oldenburg Solitudes, Galerie Michel Rein, Paris 2001 Tele[Visions], Kunsthalle Wien, Vienna Monet’s Legacy, Series – Order and Obsession, Kunsthalle Hamburg ( cat. ) Looking at You, Museum Fridericianum, Kassel Escape, Tirana Biennale 2001 ( cat. ) 19th World Wide Video Festival 2001, Amsterdam Su La Testa !, Palazzo Delle Papesse, Siena Sculpture Contemporaine, Collection Frac Rhône-Alpes / Les Subsistances, Lyon Electronic Maple, NY Center for Media Arts, New York Post-Production, Galleria Continua, San Gimigniano 18th Kassel Documentary, Film and Video Festival, Kassel Hallucinating Love Foundation, asprey jacques, London My Generation, Atlantis Gallery, London En Avant, Galerie Grita Insam, Vienna Prodigal Prodigy, White Box, New York Song Poems, Cohan Leslie & Browne, New York Group Exhibition, Galerie Mezzanin, Vienna 2000 The Sky is the Limit !, Taipei Biennale 2000 ( cat. ) Man + Space, Kwangju Biennale Korea 2000 ( cat. ) The Anagrammatical Body, ZKM, Karlsruhe The Wounded Diva, Kunstverein München, Munich Das Lied von der Erde, Museum Fridericianum, Kassel 36 Biography Körper, Fotogalerie Wien, Vienna Horizons, Galleri Roger Björkholmen, Stockholm face-à-face, Kunstpanorama Luzern, Lucerne One-Night Stand, João Ferreira Gallery, Cape Town Tomorrow, Rare Art Gallery, New York 30th Anniversary Benefit, White Columns, New York Translations, Bard Center for Curatorial Studies, New York Day Against Racial Discrimination, Akademie Wien, Vienna One Film for One Screen, Cinéma Le Pestel, Die 1999 The Passion and the Wave, 6th International Istanbul Biennial, Istanbul ( cat. ) The Anagrammatical Body, Kunsthaus Mürzzuschlag Global Art 2000, Museum Ludwig, Köln 1998 Roteiros, Roteiros, Roteiros…, XXIV Bienal de São Paulo ( cat. ) Interferencias, Canal de Isabel II, Madrid ( cat. ) Transatlantico, Centro Atlantico de Arte Moderno, Canary Islands ( cat. ) 1997 Permutations, Artist’s Space, New York Heaven : A Private View, P.S.1, New York Graft, Johannesburg Biennale, Cape Town Funny Pictures, Ten in One Gallery, Chicago Me, Clementine Gallery, New York Tran<sonic, Espacio 204, Caracas 1996 Romper Room, Thread Waxing Space, New York Inklusion / Exklusion, Neue Galerie Graz in Reininghaus, Graz ( cat. ) Interzones, Kunstforeningen, Copenhagen ( cat. ) Group Exhibition, The Space Gallery, Johannesburg 1995 Black Looks / White Myths, Africana Museum, Johannesburg Taking Liberties / The Body Politic, Johannesburg Biennale ( cat. ) — 37 Selected Bibliography Monographs Beccaria, Marcella. Candice Breitz ( Milan : Skira, 2005 ) Cotter, Suzanne ( Ed. ). Candice Breitz : Re-Animations ( Oxford : Modern Art Oxford, 2003 ) Tannert, Christoph et al. Candice Breitz : ALIEN ( Ten Songs from Beyond ) ( Folkwang : Museum Folkwang and RWE Turm, Essen, 2002 ). Also available at : http ://flash.isa-team.de/global/candice%20Breitz/candicebreitz.html Sturm, Martin and Renate Plöchl. Candice Breitz : CUTTINGS ( Linz : O.K. Center for Contemporary Art Upper Austria, 2001 ) Publications Perryer, Sophie. 10 Years 100 Artists / Art in a Democratic South Africa ( Cape Town : Bell-Roberts Publishing / Struik Publishers, 2004 ) pp. 74 – 77 Rollig, Stella et al. Open House – Art and the Public Sphere ( Linz : O.K Center for Contemporary Art Upper Austria, 2004 ) Schmahmann, Brenda. Through the Looking Glass : Representations of Self by South African Women Artists ( Johannesburg : David Krut Publishing, 2004 ) pp. 80 – 81 Wendl, Tobias et al. Africa Screams : Das Böse in Kino, Kunst und Kult ( Wuppertal : Peter Hammer Verlag, 2004 ) Bourriaud, Nicolas. Postproduction : Sampling, Programming, Displaying ( San Gimignano : Galleria Continua, 2003 ) Gianelli, Ida and Marcella Beccaria. Castello di Rivoli Museum of Contemporary Art : The Castle – The Collection ( Turin : Umberto Allemandi & C., 2003 ) p. 114 Pace, Linda et al. Dreaming Red : Creating ArtPace ( Verona : Artegrafica, 2003 ) Von Hausswolff, Carl Michael and Åsa Nohlström. Against All Evens : 2nd International Biennial for Contemporary Art in Göteborg ( Gothenburg : Hasselblad Centre, 2003 ) Nakabayashi, Kazuo ( Ed. ). A Perspective on Contemporary Art : Continuity/Transgression ( Tokyo : The National Museum of Modern Art, 2002 ) Grosenick, Uta and Riemschneider, Burkhard. ART NOW : 137 Artists at the Rise of the New Millennium ( Cologne : Taschen, 2002 ) Atkinson, Brenda and Candice Breitz ( Ed. ). Grey Areas : Representation, Identity and Politics in Contemporary South African Art ( Johannesburg : Chalkham Hill Press, 1999 ) Zaya, Octavio ( Ed. ). Interferencias ( Madrid : Tabapress, 1998 ) Enwezor, Okwui and Matthew DeBord ( editors ). Trade Routes : History and Geography ( Johannesburg, 2nd Johannesburg Biennale Catalogue, 1997 ) Weibel, Peter ( Ed. ). Inklusion/Exklusion : Art in the Age of Postcolonialism and Global Migration ( Cologne : Dumont, 1997 ) Michelson, Anders and Octavio Zaya ( Ed. ). Interzones : A Work In Progress ( Copenhagen : Kunstforeningen, 1996 ) Periodicals Korotkin, Joyce. ‘Candice Breitz : Sonnabend Gallery, New York, Tema Celeste, No. 103, May – June 2004, p. 93 Spiegler, Marc. ‘Candice Breitz : Max Hetzler, Berlin’, Artnews, March 2004, p. 140 Kröner, Magdalena. ’Candice Breitz : Schreien, Stottern, Singen : Das Playback des Ich : Ein Gespräch mit Magdalena Kröner’, Kunstforum, No. 168, January 2004, pp. 276 – 283 Schmitz, Edgar. ’Candice Breitz : Re-Animations’, Kunstforum, No. 167, November – December 2003, pp. 346 – 48 Haines, Bruce. ‘Candice Breitz : Re-Animations/Jim Lambie : Male Stripper’, Contemporary, November – December 2003, p. 71 Stange, Raimar. ‘Candice Breitz : Galerie Max Hetzler’, Flash Art, No. 233, November – December 2003, p. 104 Wainwright, Jean. ‘Candice Breitz : Modern Art Oxford’, Art Monthly, No. 271, November 2003, pp. 18 – 19 Stange, Raimar. ‘Candice Breitz in der Galerie Hetzler : Monitor mit Nabelschnur’, Der Tagesspiegel, 4 October 2003, p. 28 Mullins, Charlotte. ‘Sigmar Polke and Candice Breitz : Taking Pot Shots at a Media-Saturated World’, The Financial Times, 1 October 2003 Gohlke, Gerrit. ‘Schutz und Trutz, Stirn und Hand : Über Alien – eine Videoinstallation von Candice Breitz’, BE Magazin # 9 Künstlerhaus Bethanien, 2003 pp. 116-22 Ratnam, Niru. ‘Up Front On The Verge : Candice Breitz’, Observer Magazine, 24 August 2003, p. 15 38 Selected Bibliography Geldard, Rebecca. ‘Candice Breitz/Asprey Jacques’, Time Out, 19 – 26 March 2003 Vogel, Matthias. ‘Mythos Cyborg : Der “ Maschinenmensch ” als Thema der Gegenwartskunst’, Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 13 March 2003 Kojima, Yayoi. ‘People : Candice Breitz’, Esquire Magazine ( Tokyo ), Vol. 17, No. 1, January 2003, p. 47 Bussel, David. ‘Candice Breitz’, I -D Magazine, January 2003, p. 171 Stange, Raimar. ‘Raimar Stange über Candice Breitz’, Artist Kunstmagazin, No. 54 January 2003, p. 24 Stange, Raimar. ‘Candice Breitz : Mediale Aliens’, u_Spot, January 2003, p. 13 Stange, Raimar. ‘Candice Breitz im Museum Folkwang’, Kunst-Bulletin, November 2002 Murray, Soraya. ‘Africaine : Candice Breitz, Wangechi Mutu, Tracey Rose, Fatimah Tuggar’, Nka Journal of Contemporary African Art, No. 16 / 17, Fall/Winter 2002, p. 88 Weil, Rex. ‘Candice Breitz : De Appel/Amsterdam’, Artnews, Summer 2002, p. 184 Cotter, Holland. ‘Cinema à la Warhol, With Cowboys, Stillness and Glamour’, New York Times, 5 April 2002 Gupta, Anjali. ‘The Conversation : A Discussion with ArtPace’s Candice Breitz’, San Antonio Current, 21 – 27 February 2002, p. 15 Sumiyoshi, Chie. ‘Mito : Candice Breitz’, Brutus, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2002, p. 155 Rohr-Bongard, Linde. ‘Kunst-Kompass : Stars von Morgen’, Capital, No. 13, 2002 Robecchi, Michele. ‘Reviews : Candice Breitz/Francesca Kaufmann’, Flash Art Italia, No. 231, December 2001 – January 2002 Cherubini, Laura. ‘Tre star brillano nel cielo di Candice Breitz’, il Giornale, 22 October 2001 Gardner, Belinda Grace. ‘Kein Heuhaufen fällt zweimal in denselben Fluß’, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 24 October 2001 Krumpl, Doris. ‘Sanfter Tod mit Liebesliedern : Candice Breitz mit “ Cuttings ” im Linzer O.K Centrum für Gegenwartskunst’, Der Standard, 4 July 2001 Louis, Eleonora. ‘Candice Breitz : Cuttings’, Springerin, March 2001, p. 68 Pollack, Barbara. ‘Africa’s Avant-Garde – The Newest Avant-Garde’, Artnews, April 2001 Corbetta, Caroline. ‘Candice Breitz : Francesca Kaufmann’, Flash Art Italia, No. 221, April – May 2000 Higgie, Jennifer. ‘Istanbul Biennial’, Frieze, Issue 50, January – February 2000 Hunt, David. ‘Candice Breitz : Fighting Words’, Flash Art, No. 211, March – April 2000 Hunt, David. ‘Sixth International Istanbul Biennial’, Art & Text, No. 68, February – April 2000 Keller, Claudia. ‘Idylle mit Leichen’, Der Tagesspiegel, 23 August 2000, p. 26 Law, Jennifer. ‘Ghost Stories : Democracy, Duplicity and Virtuality in the Work of Candice Breitz’, Frauen Kunst Wissenschaft, 29 June 2000 Noè, Paola. ‘Candice Breitz : Galleria Francesca Kaufmann’, Tema Celeste, March – April 2000 Tatot, Claude-Hubert. ‘Parole et parole et parole… Candice Breitz : Babel Series’, Papiers Libres Art Contemporain, No. 21, July 2000 Dziewior, Yilmaz. ‘Candice Breitz : Galerie Johnen & Schöttle’, Artforum, March 1999 Herzog, Samuel. ‘Istanbul Sechste Internationale Biennale’, Kunst-Bulletin, No. 11, November 1999 Axel, Brian Keith. ‘Disembodiment and the Total Body : A Response to Enwezor on Contemporary South African Representation’, Third Text, No. 44, Autumn 1998 Sonna, Birgit. ‘Cindy Shermans kleine Schwestern’, Süddeutsche Zeitung, 26 August 1998 Zaya, Octavio. ‘Reflections on Candice Breitz’s Rorschach Series, TRANS, Winter 1998 Enwezor, Okwui. ‘Reframing the Black Subject : Ideology and Fantasy in Contemporary South African Representation’, Third Text, No. 40, Autumn 1997 Hoffmann, Justin. ‘Inklusion :Exklusion’, Kunstforum, No. 136, February – May 1997 Kravagna, Christian. ‘Mr. Livingstone, I presume…’ Springerin, Vol. III, Issue 2, 1997 Atkinson, Brenda. ‘Rethinking Pornography : Imaging Desire. Candice Breitz interviewed by Brenda Atkinson’, Camera Austria, No. 56, 1996 Enwezor, Okwui and Octavio Zaya. ‘Moving In : Eight Contemporary African Artists’ Flash Art, No. 186, January – February 1996 Zaya, Octavio. ‘Global Art : Candice Breitz’, Flash Art, No. 191, November – December 1996 Powell, Ivor. ‘Watch This Artist’, The Weekly Mail and Guardian : Johannesburg, 18 – 24 March 1994 39 Colophon Published by Jay Jopling/White Cube 48 Hoxton Square London N1 6PB United Kingdom Tel +44 ( 0 )20 7930 5373 Fax +44 ( 0 )2077497470 www.whitecube.com In association with Sonnabend 536 West 22nd Street New York New York 10011 United States Tel +( 212 ) 627 1018 Fax +( 212 ) 627 0489 francesca kaufmann Via dell Orso, 16 Milan 20121 Italy Tel +39 ( 0 )27 209 4331 Fax +39 ( 0 )27 209 6873 www.galleriafrancescakaufmann.com On the occasion of the exhibitions Candice Breitz White Cube, London 7 September – 8 October 2005 and Candice Breitz Sonnabend, New York 18 September – 29 October 2005 Design Print Laurent Benner / Reala Druckerei Odermatt, Switzerland Photography Jason Mandella : Page 6 Paolo Pellion : Pages 12, 17 Candice Breitz : Pages 10, 23, 25, 29 + Cover Photograph Alexander Fahl : Pages 8, 9, 11, 13 – 16, 18, 24, 26 – 28, 30 ISBN 0–9550499–0–3 40