Transition to Gas Turbines, Turboprops, Regenerated and

Transition to Turbines
Piston vs Turbine Engines
Five Steps in Producing Power
1. Bring air into the engine
2. Compress the air
3. Heat the air
4. Expand the air
5. Exhaust the air
Weight Trend of Aircraft Engines
3.5
3
333
2.5
400
Turboprop Engines
2
500
Weight of
1000 hp
Engine
1.5
1
1000
0.5
Piston Engines
2000
0
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
Year
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Types of Compressors
Centrifugal
16-Stage Axial
6-Stage Axial
with a
Centrifugal
Turboprops, Turbojets, and Turbofans
Turboprop
Turbojet
Turbofan
Turboshafts and Air Compressors
Turboshaft
(for Helicopters)
Turboprop
(for Aircraft)
Air Compressor
(for Helicopters)
Single and Multiple Power Sections
T56 with One
Power Section
T40 with Two
Power Sections
T44 Concept with
Three Power Sections
T61 Twin-Spool
Turboprop
1955 - 1959
Turbines with
Long Production Runs
T56 Summary
18,000 Engines Built
Continuous Production from 1954 to 2009+
T56 Applications
Lockheed C-130 Hercules
Grumman E-2 Hawkeye
Lockheed Electra
Lockheed P-3 Orion
T56 Growth in Power
65% Increase in Power without an Increase in Size
6000
Horsepower
5000
4000
3000
1950
1960
1970
1980
Year
1990
2000
2010
T63 Summary
30,000 Engines Built
Continuous Production from 1964 to 2009+
Turboprop for Aircraft
Turboshaft for Helicopters
Seven of Ninety
T63 Applications
Hughes OH-6
Goodyear Blimp
Beech Bonanza
Hiller OH-5
Partenavia AP-68TP
Equator P-420
RFB Fantrainer
T63s in Cars
Tempest
Sprint Car
Fuel Reduction Schemes
Regeneration and Propfans
Recuperated Turboprop
Recuperated T78
Transverse Tubes
Longitudinal Tubes
Regenerated Turboprop
The Value of Regeneration
Recuperated Installations
Allison Work on Regenerators
Regenerator On T45
Recuperator on T78
T63 with Recuperator - Type 1
Baseline T63
OH-6 with Recuperated T63
Recuperated T63
Other T63 Recuperator Designs
Type 2
Type 3
Type 4
Propfan - 501-M78
Propfan - 578-DX