Foto Roger Alonzo efectos de baja presion

Transcription

Foto Roger Alonzo efectos de baja presion
SAMPLE OF ORGANIZATIONS PARTICIPATING IN CONSOLIDATED APPEALS
AARREC
ACF
ACTED
ADRA
Africare
AMI-France
ARC
ASB
ASI
AVSI
CARE
CARITAS
CEMIR International
CESVI
CFA
CHF
CHFI
CISV
CMA
CONCERN
COOPI
CORDAID
COSV
CRS
CWS
DanChurchAid
DDG
Diakonie Emerg. Aid
DRC
EM-DH
FAO
FAR
FHI
FinnChurchAid
FSD
GAA
GOAL
GTZ
GVC
Handicap
International
HealthNet TPO
HELP
HelpAge
International
HKI
Horn Relief
HT
Humedica
IA
ILO
IMC
INTERMON
Internews
INTERSOS
IOM
IPHD
IR
IRC
IRD
IRIN
IRW
Islamic Relief
JOIN
JRS
LWF
Malaria Consortium
Malteser
Mercy Corps
MDA
MDM
MEDAIR
MENTOR
MERLIN
Muslim Aid
NCA
NPA
NRC
OCHA
OHCHR
OXFAM
PA
PACT
PAI
Plan
PMU-I
Première Urgence
RC/Germany
RCO
Samaritan's Purse
Save the Children
SECADEV
Solidarités
SUDO
TEARFUND
TGH
UMCOR
UNAIDS
UNDP
UNDSS
UNEP
UNESCO
UNFPA
UN-HABITAT
UNHCR
UNICEF
UNIFEM
UNJLC
UNMAS
UNOPS
UNRWA
VIS
WFP
WHO
World Concern
World Relief
WV
ZOA
1.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................... 1
TABLE I: REQUIREMENTS AND FUNDING TO DATE PER CLUSTER ...................................................................... 3
TABLE II: REQUIREMENTS AND FUNDING TO DATE PER ORGANIZATION ............................................................ 4
2.
CONTEXT AND HUMANITARIAN CONSEQUENCES ..................................................................... 5
2.1 CONTEXT AND RESPONSE TO DATE ............................................................................................................ 5
2.1.1
Food Security .................................................................................................................................. 5
2.1.2
WASH .............................................................................................................................................. 5
2.1.3
Health .............................................................................................................................................. 6
2.1.4
Shelter ............................................................................................................................................. 6
2.1.5
Early Recovery (ER)........................................................................................................................ 7
3.
NEEDS ANALYSIS .......................................................................................................................... 12
4.
COMMON HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN .................................................................................. 13
4.1 SCENARIOS .............................................................................................................................................. 13
4.2 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES FOR HUMANITARIAN ACTION ............................................................................. 14
4.3 CRITERIA FOR SELECTION AND PRIORITIZATION OF PROJECTS ................................................................. 16
4.4 LOGICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE COMMON HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN ................................................. 17
4.5 CLUSTER/SECTOR RESPONSE PLANS ......................................................................................................... 19
4.5.1. FOOD SECURITY ........................................................................................................................ 19
4.5.2. WASH ............................................................................................................................................ 21
4.5.3. HEALTH........................................................................................................................................ 23
4.5.4. SHELTER ...................................................................................................................................... 25
4.5.5. ER .................................................................................................................................................. 28
4.6
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES ................................................................................................................. 30
ANNEX I.
LIST OF PROJECTS ....................................................................................................................... 31
TABLE IV: TOTAL FUNDING TO DATE PER DONOR TO PROJECTS LISTED IN THE APPEAL ................................ 33
TABLE V: TOTAL HUMANITARIAN FUNDING TO DATE PER DONOR (APPEAL PLUS OTHER)* ............................. 34
TABLE VI: HUMANITARIAN FUNDING TO DATE PER DONOR TO PROJECTS NOT LISTED IN THE APPEAL .......... 35
ANNEX II.
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................. 36
Please note that appeals are revised regularly. The latest version of this document is available
on http://www.humanitarianappeal.net.
Full project details can be viewed, downloaded and printed from www.reliefweb.int/fts.
iii
iv
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1.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
During the last two weeks of October 2011, heavy rains associated with Tropical Depression 12E
caused flooding and landslides throughout Nicaragua. National emergency was declared by the
president Daniel Ortega on October 17. Due to the magnitude of the damage caused by the flooding,
the Government requested the activation of the international assistance mechanisms managed by the
United Nations.
The latest assessment (October 28) organized by the Government concluded that 87 of 153
municipalities of the country suffered damages, while 148,530 people were affected. The most
affected departments of the country are Estelí, Chinandega, Madriz, Nueva Segovia, Jinotega,
Matagalpa and Managua. The affected population suffered damages to their property, agricultural
crops and other livelihoods. In the meantime, vital infrastructure and the environment were also
severely damaged.
Data from needs assessments conducted by the
government with UN agencies indicate that, 50 days
after Tropical Depression 12E struck Nicaragua; more
than 100,000 people remain in need of humanitarian
and early recovery assistance.
According to official data provided by the Government
through the National System for Attention, Mitigation
and Prevention of Disasters, the value of the
damages and losses amount to more than US$445
1
million , which equals 6.8% of the GDP in 2010. The
most affected sectors are infrastructure, housing and
agricultural production.
Since the beginning of the disaster, a nationwide
coordinated effort focused on the provision of
emergency aid (food and non-food items, safe water
and health assistance) to the affected population,
especially to people in shelters.
Nicaragua revised Flash Appeal
Key parameters
Duration
Six months
100,000 people foodinsecure
4,500 people remain in
camps
Principally in the four most
affected departments of
Areas
Chinandega, León,
targeted by
Managua, Estelí, but
Flash Appeal assistance also required
in Matagalpa, Nueva
Segovia and Madriz
Key clusters Food security, WASH,
and sectors
health, shelter and early
for response recovery
- 100,000: food security
Key target
- 25,000: WASH
beneficiaries
- 92,000: health
(approximate
- 4,500: shelter
figures)
- 3,400: early recovery
Funding
Total funding
requested per
requested
beneficiary
Affected
population
Analysis based on the various needs assessments
conducted, shows that the areas requiring additional
attention in the coming months are food security,
water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and the early
Approximately
recovery.
However, needs persist for people
$14,840,854
$148
remaining in shelters and for some affected
communities, whom will require continued assistance
in the health and shelter sectors. In the meantime, activities related to protection of women, children
and adolescents will be mainstreamed within the response of all sectors.
The revised Flash Appeal seeks requirements for $14,840,854 until April 2012 to continue to address
the immediate and early recovery needs of the 100,000 most vulnerable people still in need of
emergency assistance. With $4.2 million in funding for the Appeal so far, this still leaves $10.6 million
to be raised. The United Nations System in Nicaragua will continue to provide both financial and
technical assistance to ensure strengthened capacity for the continuum from emergency to recovery,
rehabilitation and development.
1
All dollar signs in this document denote United States dollars. Funding for this appeal should be reported to the
Financial Tracking Service (FTS, fts@un.org), which will display its requirements and funding on the current
appeals page.
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Basic humanitarian and development indicators for Nicaragua
Population
Under-five (U5) mortality rate (per 1,000)
Life expectancy (years)
Prevalence of undernourishment in total population (%)
Gross national income per capita ($)
Population living on less than $1.25 per day – purchasing power parity (%)
Population without sustainable access to an improved drinking water source (%)
European Commission Humanitarian Office (ECHO) Vulnerability Index score
ECHO Crisis Index score
Human Development Index score
Population growth
Maternal mortality
Infant mortality
Population with HIV/AIDS (accumulated)
2
5,888,945
35.0
74.5
19.0
1,077.70
5.5
65.0
Medium
High
0.57
1.2
60.6
29.0
4,742
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TABLE I: REQUIREMENTS AND FUNDING TO DATE PER CLUSTER
Nicaragua Flash Appeal (October 2011 - April 2012)
as of 13 December 2011
http://fts.unocha.org
Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and appealing organizations.
Cluster
Original
Revised
requirements requirements
($)
A
COLLECTIVE
CENTRES /
EMERGENCY
SHELTER
Funding
Unmet
requirements
%
Covered
Uncommitted
pledges
($)
C
($)
D=B-C
E=C/B
($)
F
($)
B
797,506
767,037
239,386
527,651
31%
-
1,350,000
1,907,584
229,438
1,678,146
12%
-
10,606,470
10,530,473
2,995,560
7,534,913
28%
-
HEALTH
785,760
785,760
323,105
462,655
41%
-
WASH
750,000
850,000
418,906
431,094
49%
-
14,289,736
14,840,854
4,206,395
10,634,459
28%
-
EARLY RECOVERY
FOOD SECURITY
Grand Total
NOTE:
"Funding" means Contributions + Commitments + Carry-over
Contribution:
Commitment:
the actual payment of funds or transfer of in-kind goods from the donor to the recipient entity.
creation of a legal, contractual obligation between the donor and recipient entity, specifying the amount to be
contributed.
a non-binding announcement of an intended contribution or allocation by the donor. ("Uncommitted pledge" on these
tables indicates the balance of original pledges not yet committed.)
Pledge:
The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 13 December 2011. For
continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service
(fts.unocha.org).
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TABLE II: REQUIREMENTS AND FUNDING TO DATE PER ORGANIZATION
Appealing
organization
Original
Revised
requirements requirements
($)
A
BUSF
Funding
Unmet
requirements
%
Covered
Uncommitted
pledges
($)
C
($)
D=B-C
E=C/B
($)
F
($)
B
101,850
71,381
-
71,381
0.0%
-
CARE International
-
320,000
-
320,000
0.0%
-
DWHH
-
571,217
-
571,217
0.0%
-
FAO
1,700,000
1,700,363
370,862
1,329,501
21.8%
-
IOM
420,525
420,525
179,386
241,139
42.7%
-
PAHO (WHO)
724,770
724,770
262,137
462,633
36.2%
-
-
76,796
-
76,796
0.0%
-
250,000
250,000
221,106
28,894
88.4%
-
1,350,000
1,900,000
229,438
1,670,562
12.1%
-
UNDSS
-
7,584
-
7,584
0.0%
-
UNFPA
195,131
195,131
60,000
135,131
30.7%
-
UNICEF
360,990
360,990
258,768
102,222
71.7%
-
8,906,470
6,781,966
2,624,698
4,157,268
38.7%
-
280,000
1,460,131
-
1,460,131
0.0%
-
14,289,736
14,840,854
4,206,395
10,634,459
28.3%
-
RE.TE.
SC
UNDP
WFP
WVI
Grand Total
NOTE:
Contribution:
Commitment:
contributed.
Pledge:
(fts.unocha.org).
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2.
CONTEXT AND HUMANITARIAN CONSEQUENCES
2.1
CONTEXT AND RESPONSE TO DATE
Sustained heavy rainfall in the Pacific, central and northern part of Nicaragua associated with Tropical
Depression 12E in October caused flooding and landslides, damage to people, property, vital
infrastructure, agricultural crops and environment, resulting in the immediate need of evacuating the
affected populations.
On 14 October, the National System for Attention, Mitigation and Prevention of Disasters (SINAPRED)
declared a yellow alert for the departments of Estelí, Chinandega, Madriz, Nueva Segovia, Jinotega,
and Matagalpa. In addition, they activated all department and municipal level emergency operations
centres and emergency response plans in these areas. In the subsequent days, other departments
began to report damages from the flooding and landslides.
Faced with the humanitarian situation, President Daniel Ortega issued a constitutional decree of state
of “National Calamity and Disaster” (Decree 53-2011) for the entire country. Upon this decree, the
Government of Nicaragua formally requested the United Nations System (UNS) in Nicaragua to
activate the international mechanism for aid and assistance.
The emergency response has been led by the Government of Nicaragua, establishing priorities for
intervention and needs´ requirements. The UNS, at the Government’s request, has activated its
mechanisms for mobilizing resources for the emergency response under a cluster approach.
In order to elaborate more consistent interventions, the sector and cluster leaders have held
coordination meetings and conducted joint field assessments with international agencies, the
Government and organizations belonging to the Humanitarian Network established in the country.
2.1.1 Food Security
The significant damage to crops has curtailed access to food. An initial emergency food security
assessment was conducted during the last half of October by World Food Programme (WFP), Food
and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of
Health (MoH) and SINAPRED, covering nine departments of the affected area. The survey
highlighted a shortage of food in the affected municipalities due to the isolated conditions of many
communities. In addition, local stores and markets have been unable to replenish stocks. This
situation coupled with crop losses has led to local rising food prices.
Most of the affected communities suffer from chronic vulnerability prior the floods. Hence the capacity
of the people to cope with the negative consequences of the floods is limited. The effect of El Niño or
La Niña on the up-coming planting season is uncertain. There are no specific alternatives for crop and
seeds conservation. Furthermore, the bean exportation market at regional level represents a threat
for the availability of seeds for the coming season.
No specific intervention has been carried-out by the humanitarian and state actors to assist the
“Apante” sowing period. Due to the rains, few farmers have had the capacity to produce during that
period.
The humanitarian response to address food insecurity caused by Tropical Depression 12E has been
focused on the delivery of food assistance to affected families and the rehabilitation of infrastructure
through food-for-work activities.
2.1.2 WASH
A joint assessment at municipal level was carried out after the initial launch of the Flash Appeal, in
order to attain updated information about the WASH situation. According to the figures obtained, a
higher number of water and sanitation facilities have been damaged compared with the initial data
provided by the Government; in the most affected departments (Chinandega, Leon, Estelí and
Managua), some 1,100 wells were damaged, flooded or contaminated. 10,800 latrines were damaged
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or flooded. In the low lands (especially in the most affected municipalities of Leon, Chinandega and
Managua Departments) floods remained for several weeks and caused severe health problems
related with water sources contamination, lack of water and sanitation facilities.
The humanitarian response to date in the WASH sector was limited to delivery of safe water and
disinfection means (chlorine) as well as hygiene promotion activities, in shelters (during the first two
weeks) and in some of the most affected communities, by local MoH. Other activities such as
cleaning, disinfection and rehabilitation of water sources (wells); rehabilitation of sanitation facilities
(latrines and others); and delivery of water storage means and hygiene promotion, have been
planned. In support of local government leadership, implementation of these activities has started
through the WASH Cluster. Coordination meeting have been carried out on a regular basis, with the
participation of SINAPRED and other governmental institutions as well as local and international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs) involved in the response.
2.1.3 Health
The strategy to support the MoH consists of direct counseling with the following components: visits to
the local health clinics - SILAIS (Sistemas Locales de Atención Integral en Salud) which planned
actions to perform in each of the affected municipalities, determine the resources that are employed
for the provision of primary health care; carry out technical field visits to the municipalities for example:
supply and installation of radio stations in four municipalities of SILAIS Estelí. Support to maintain
health services will continue in shelters and communities affected by heavy rains and floods, to ensure
access to health services and safe water and to contribute to strengthening local capacities in the
monitoring of early warning and rapid response to outbreaks.
According to the registry of epidemiological surveillance of the MoH, during the month of October,
there was an increase in the number of cases of acute diarrheic disease, and acute respiratory
infection (ARI) in the four most affected SILAIS. Furthermore, increases in the number of pneumonia
in the SILAIS of León and Managua have been reported. Additionally, an increase in suspected cases
of classic dengue in the SILAIS of Estelí, Chinandega and León has been registered in the health
clinics. While in Chinandega there is a slight increase in leptospirosis. Fortunately, in the SILAIS of
León, Managua, and Estelí, there is a declining trend,
Support to the health sector has been provided through the provision of resources and direct guidance
to health officials. The programmed goals are being achieved. The most important lesson learned is
that the Health sector must work in close collaboration with the communities in the protection of its
inhabitants and safeguarding health.
2.1.4 Shelter
According to official figures, the emergency resulted in 16 deaths. More than 10,146 people (46%
adults and 54% children) were evacuated in 102 emergency shelters (ESs). However some internally
displaced people (IDPs) sought shelter in schools, communal centres and churches, and an unknown
number were are in private homes, organized as “solidarity houses”. The IDPs were concentrated in
the departments of Estelí, Managua, Leon, Chinandega, Madriz, Matagalpa and Nueva Segovia.
As of now, only 12 shelters remain active (ten in Managua and two in the municipality of San
Franscisco Libre). A total of 900 families (approximately 4,500 people) are still in shelters, 60% of
whom are from the last year’s emergency and 40% are from the current emergency. Some IDPs and
families who are able to return to their homes will be assisted.
The Government has distributed non-food items (NFIs), food, comfort kits and water with the support
of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and bilateral donors. International agencies have
supported with NFIs, hygiene/kitchen/comfort kits.
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2.1.5 Early Recovery (ER)
The total of 10,812 houses were affected by the Tropical Depression 12E, representing 12,275
families. 8,924 homes were flooded, 318 are high-risk sites, 335 were completely destroyed and
1,235 partially destroyed. As part of the support to affected families, the Government announced the
immediate disbursement of 359 million Córdobas ($15.7 million) for the repair, rehabilitation and
construction of houses damaged by the rains.
Furthermore, the Government has implemented the following activities:


Rehabilitation of bridges, secondary roads and highways, in order to ensure national
connectivity.
Assessments of damage and losses on the infrastructure of roads, bridges and housing, in
order to establish accurately the requirements of rehabilitation.
To date, Habitat for Humanity has delivered 8,500 kits for emergency cleaning and minor flood repairs.
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) obtained approval for $206,938 from the Central
Emergency Response Fund (CERF) for housing rehabilitation and reconstruction and generation of
temporary employment. HEMCO contributed $200,000 for the construction of supportive homes.
Agence d'Aide à la Coopération Technique et au Développement (Agency for Technical Cooperation
and Development/ACTED) presented food for work for the repair of roads in Achuapa.
ER actions will concentrate on: income generation for the affected populations, rehabilitation and
housing construction, training in safe self-construction methods, basic equipment such as tools and
belongings to facilitate reconstruction and economic recovery activities for the prevention of child
labour.
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Key facts and figures of response to date
WASH
Main achievements to date
Challenges and gaps in response

Cluster coordination activities among

Difficult access to affected communities
governmental institutions, NGOs and United

Delay and difficulties to get detailed and
Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), allowing an
reliable data and information about damages
affective planning process.
and needs;

Information and coordination meetings

High number of NGOs are interested in
are being carried out on a regular basis leading
participating in the WASH Cluster, making the
to improved joint response planning.
coordination effort more complex.

The Government in coordination with

Continue the rehabilitation of wells and
UNICEF and NGOs/INGOs, assessed the
latrines.
needs of affected communities and planning
intervention in: rehabilitation of water sources;
water disinfection, storage and distribution;
rehabilitation/construction of sanitation facilities;
hygiene promotion and waste disposal.

A plan is being implemented under the
coordination of the Government for the
rehabilitation and construction of latrines, the
disinfection and reparation of wells, distribution
of filters and chlorine for potable water, and
training on water and sanitation and vector
control.
FOOD SECURITY

WFP has delivered 727 MTs of food to

Distributions to isolated communities
date, including fortified food rations to assist
have been challenging. Several modes of
14,000 affected families in the three mosttransport were required, including improvised
affected departments of the country. Food
artisanal vessels, horses and in some cases
assistance delivery is ongoing to an additional
food was delivered “canopy”.
five departments.

WFP cereal stocks in country were
depleted by mid-November; ongoing local

FAO has received funding from CERF
for immediate assistance to prevent food losses, purchases enabled WFP to quickly replenish
restore food production and livelihoods.
stocks.

NGOs such as the Humboldt Center,

Funding is urgent in order to meet the
Lutheran World Federation, Catholic Agency for
food needs of the affected population for the
Overseas Development, and Oxford Committee
next 150 days in order to prevent further
for Famine Relief (OXFAM) have provided food
deterioration of malnutrition in the affected areas
assistance and assistance to restoration of
with population prone to chronic or acute
productive areas.
malnutrition.

Welthungerhilfe and ACTED have

Funding is required to expand food-forsupported rehabilitation of infrastructure and
work activities in 60 communities in urgent need
roads through food-for-work activities.
of agricultural and infrastructure rehabilitation.

World Vision (WV) has delivered 15-day

Food assistance is required for 1,960
food packages for 992 families in 24 shelters
families.

Seeds production is a priority as well as
post-harvest inputs and technical assistance to
meet next production season.

Affected backyard economies should be
addressed to provide households with an
alternate source of food and diversified diet.
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SHELTER

Coordination meetings between the

Improve response data.
Ministry of Family and International Organization 
Lack of training to shelter staff.
for Migration (IOM), United Nations Population

Families living in “solidarity homes” are
Fund (UNFPA) and UNICEF.
not receiving the necessary support.

Better communication with shelter sector 
Lack of psychological support to families
group and SINAPRED.
who have suffered loss of their homes.

Local authorities provide information on
the damages and needs.

The coordination with United Nations
(UN) agencies and NGOs in the shelter sector is
very good.

Many of the families that had been living
in temporary shelters, such as schools and
community centres, or with host families have
started to return to their homes.

Some NGOs as INETER, Habitat for

Humanity, WV, Adventist Development and
Relief Agency (ADRA), Save the Children (SC),
Shelter Box and the Nicaraguan Red Cross
Society (NRCS) have supported with NFIs,
water, kitchen/ hygiene/comfort kits, blankets,
mattress, plastic barrels, cloth for affected
families.

Many schools, churches and community
centres have been used as shelters. It is
planned to improve the few shelters in place and
collaborate with SINAPRED and Comité
Municipal para la Prevención, Mitigación y
Atención de Desastre (Municipal Committee for
Natural Disaster Prevention and
Mitigation/COMUPRED) in shelter management,
training and psychological support to the
affected families.
HEALTH

Restoration of the health services in the 
Continuous supply of chlorine to the
most affected communities. Medical care of communities.
90% of the population affected, and prophylactic 
Roads and bridges damaged by floods
medication in communities with a history of which complicate access. Vehicles used by
leptospirosis.
health personnel and Ambulance are not in

Surveillance and disease control and good conditions.
vector control activities, especially in relation to 
Continue with the restoration of health
dengue in the capital.
services in affected communities.

Improved access to safe water and 
Disinfection and monitoring of drinking
sanitation
water in shelters and health centres.

Containment of vector-borne diseases 
Purchase and repair of equipment to
through
water
quality control,
disease fight epidemics.
surveillance and control of outbreaks;

Late funding for emergency.

The permanent coordination and
established working relationship between the
cluster lead (Health and WASH), the MoH and
the SILAIS has facilitated the activities.

The most important lesson learned is
that the Health Cluster must work closely with
the communities.
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ER

Habitat for Humanity: 8,500 emergency
cleaning kits.

UNDP-CERF $206,938 for housing
rehabilitation and reconstruction and temporary
employment generation.

ACTED: food for work to repair roads in
Achuapa.

Generate employment and recuperate
livelihoods.

Develop social housing projects.

Housing rehabilitation and construction.

Cleaning and repair of public
infrastructure.

Provide national and local authorities
with technical assistance in developing
sustainable human settlements.

Training and capacity-building in safe
construction techniques.
Other responses to the emergency (i.e. Government, bilateral, Red Cross)
GOVERNMENT
Other main achievements to date
Overall





Monitoring and follow-up of information.
Reception, storage and distribution of international aid.
Evaluation of the population at risk.
Shelter management and administration.
Care and psycho-social support.
WASH

Massive water distribution.
Food

The Government distributed 315 metric tons (MTs) of food for the care of approximately
50,000 people for 15 days.

The Government has implemented measures to stabilize prices of basic consumer products
and applied immediate zoosanitary plans for disease prevention and rodent control in affected
areas.
Health

Provision of health services, with the support of donor agencies and the effort of health
workers.

Inter-agency coordination for health care to the population.

The Government, through the MoH carried out the following activities: safe water distribution
in shelters and communities in the immediate days after the crisis; chlorine distribution in shelters
and most affected communities; hygiene and health promotion in shelters and most affected
communities.
Shelter

Since the beginning of the emergency, the Government has provided to affected families in
shelters NFIs, i.e. comfort/kitchen/hygiene kits.

Provisioning of aid (mats, plastics, hammocks, and blankets).
Early Recovery

Allocation of funds by the Government for the rehabilitation of bridges, roads and highways.

Assessments of infrastructure damages (roads, bridges and homes), in order to establish
the precise requirements of rehabilitation.

Individual and joint assessment of damages in the affected areas by sector group teams.


The challenge is to achieve and maintain a good coordination at cluster level, with all
planned response activities. To do this, is important to maintain the coordination with SINAPRED,
supporting it in its leading role.
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Funding Analysis
The initial Flash Appeal launched on October 28had original requirements of $14,289,736. Following
the launch, the Emergency Relief Coordinator approved $2,030,597 in rapid response grants from the
CERF, as well as $30,000 as an emergency cash grant (ECG) for relief items and logistical support.
The revised Flash Appeal seeks revised requirements of $14,840,854 to continue to support the most
vulnerable people.
To date, 28% of the Flash Appeal’s revised requirements have been covered. However, there are
significant imbalances between clusters, and also between donors. This is hampering key
humanitarian assistance operations being implemented by the humanitarian network and the
Government of Nicaragua. As of this revision, CERF grants represented 48% of total funding for the
Appeal. Additionally, the Government of Nicaragua has received donations of cash and in kind.
Original
requirements
($)
A
Revised
requirements
($)
B
Funding
($)
C
10,606,470
10,530,473
ES
797,506
ER
FOOD SECURITY
Unmet
requirements
($)
B-C
% Covered
C/B
2,995,560
7,534,913
28%
767,037
239,386
527,651
31%
1,350,000
1,907,584
229,438
1,678,146
12%
HEALTH
785,760
785,760
323,105
462,655
41%
WASH
750,000
850,000
418,906
431,094
49%
14,289,736
14,840,854
4,206,395
10,634,459
28%
Grand total:
The Government, the UN and the humanitarian network are working to ensure that all urgent
humanitarian actions, ER and medium-term development programmes are synchronized to augment
Nicaragua’s resilience to future shocks. Regrettably, with 72% of the Flash Appeal’s revised
requirements unfunded and with significant imbalances in the funding provided, this strategy is under
threat, and as a consequence, the risk of continued suffering and loss of human and economic capital
still exists.
Consequences of under-funding





Food security: some 11,000 families will be left with no food assistance until the next harvest,
as most of them have little or no food reserves after the massive flooding destroyed their crops,
reserves and homes. This could jeopardize the lives of the most vulnerable groups or
deteriorate their nutritional status, increasing the risk of becoming acutely or chronically
undernourished. Failure to restart agriculture activities in affected areas will have a negative
impact on the ongoing food insecurity situation.
WASH: failure to secure funding will result in a lack of safe water availability, sanitation facilities
improvement and hygiene promotion in some of the most affected communities, which could
cause an increase of waterborne diseases (diarrhoea and ARIs) which affect mostly children U5.
Early recovery: projects proposed are short of funding. This situation puts at risk the speedy
return to normality of affected families, since this lack of funding hinders the filling of the gap
between humanitarian assistance and reconstruction activities
Health: limited funding puts the most vulnerable and unattended population (children, pregnant
women, the elderly, and people living with disability) at high risk.
Shelter: poor shelter management will increase level of gender-based violence (GBV). A safe
and secure shelter environment will facilitate well-being, and facilitate the return to home when
conditions are right.
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3.
NEEDS ANALYSIS
The main needs more than 50 days after the rains started are primarily related to food security, ER
and water and sanitation measures, with associated needs in the health and shelter.
According to the emergency food security assessment (EFSA), some 55,000 people that lost crops
and livelihoods will suffer from food scarcity during the next four to ten months, until the next harvest
will take place. Nevertheless, most households and infrastructure heavily damaged by the most
recent disasters could require up to several years to recover, thus increasing the vulnerability of the
population to new shocks.
As families begin to relocate and look for work, it is critical that their livelihoods are saved, restored
and protected. Therefore, the challenge is to re-establish agricultural activities and to search for
economic resources to fund proposals to respond with income generation opportunities during the
period of highest need from October onwards to ensure a speedy recovery and help them return to
their normal activities.
The Early Recovery Cluster plays an integral and consequential role in this revised Flash Appeal. ER
actions and activities will primarily focus on: income generation for the affected populations,
improvement, rehabilitation and construction of housing, training in safe construction techniques and
self-construction methods, basic equipment such as tools and belongings to facilitate reconstruction
and economic recovery activities. Children are returning to schools and families are returning to their
homes even though school facilities and housing infrastructure remain damaged or are in poor
conditions due to their use as shelters during the peak of the emergency. In addition, access to
populations in need is still hampered by damaged or destroyed rural roads, bridges and even primary
roads. The reverse is also true: vulnerable populations are unable to seek assistance or restore
livelihoods as a result of damaged infrastructure, the repair of which is therefore a valuable opportunity
to generate temporary employment, which will help boost the local economy.
People in affected communities still have limited access to WASH practices, thus maintaining the risk
of illnesses and outbreaks amongst the most vulnerable groups. According to the latest data from
joint assessments, a higher number of water and sanitation facilities have been damaged compared
with the initial data provided by the Government. In the low lands floods remained for several weeks
and this caused severe health problems related with water source contamination, lack of water and
sanitation facilities, worsened by the poor hygiene habits within the population. It is therefore urgent
for UN agencies and the humanitarian network to provide in the most affected communities: cleaning
and disinfection of wells in order to ensure access to safe water for human consumption; rehabilitation
and construction of latrines; promotion of adequate hygiene practices (key messages on safe water,
hand washing, excreta disposal, etc.).
Shelters still in use need to be strengthened to meet basic needs. Particular attention must be given
to strengthening the shelters’ management abilities, including their capacity to prevent GBV and to
assure conditions that guarantee protection and psycho-social rehabilitation in a timely manner
The Health Cluster has identified needs with regard to primary health care attention to the affected
people, control of outbreaks, and recovery of infrastructure in health care facilities. These priorities
are to ensure nutrition adequate stocks, while the ER of the local agriculture activities is carried out.
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4.
COMMON HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN
4.1
SCENARIOS
Although the rainy season is over, the level of Lake Managua is still at a critical level. This generates
a series of challenges related to controlling potential sources of vectors caused by stagnant water.
Diarrhoeal diseases, leptospirosis and dengue are being monitored by the MoH, through medical
brigades and medical attention in the SILAIS.
Currently, most water supply systems in rural areas continue to be treated through chlorination, while
cleaning of wells has begun in some communities. However, in the most affected communities,
further action is required, in order to ensure safe water availability on a regular basis, to provide
sanitation facilities, and to spread hygiene promotion messages.
As for the loss of crops, small scale farmers hope to get the seeds to harvest in the next season and
succeed in restoring subsistence food chain. Food insecurity in rural areas for the upcoming months
will require food assistance interventions targeting primarily the most vulnerable groups, as well as the
small farmers with the delivery of certified seeds and agricultural inputs to ensure productive
reactivation. The bad condition of roads aggravates the delivery of aid, as well as the marketing of the
agricultural production.
Most likely scenario

Rain patterns will discontinue as the country is approaching the end of the rainy season

Diminished opportunities for income-generating activities for food-insecure families who have no
food reserves left.
Core elements

Slow rehabilitation /
reconstruction of damaged houses
and provision of alternative shelter.

Livelihoods of the most
vulnerable people have been
affected, which could worsen their
food security.

Losses suffered by
households on food stocks, property
and income and the possibility of
rising food insecurity in the coming
months could lead to more
malnutrition problems among children
U5.

An important part of the safe
water sources (wells) and sanitation
facilities are likely to remain in bad
condition.

Stagnant water bodies left
after the flood are likely to persist.
Effects on humanitarian needs and aid operations

Increase burden on already overspent government
budget.

Increase in food insecurity.

Population at risk of disease outbreaks of vector
transmission, such as dengue, malaria and at risk for
outbreaks of Leptospirosis, a disease transmitted through
water contaminated by urine and feces of livestock and
infected rodents and other water-borne diseases.

Disruption in the ER process and critical services.

Most vulnerable IDPs households exposed to
longer- than-necessary displacement and not able to return
in safety and dignity to places of origin.

Loss of livestock and seeds could impair restarting
agricultural production in the 2011/12 season and this may
affect food security for the next agriculture season.
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4.2
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES FOR HUMANITARIAN ACTION
The Flash Appeal outlined strategic objectives agreed upon by the government, UN system and the
humanitarian network, from the onset of the emergency. The strategic objectives of this revised Flash
Appeal have only changed slightly. It should be noted that the objectives for food aid and agricultural
livelihoods have been united to one objective related to food security. Furthermore, one objective has
been added with regard to strengthening of coordination capacities (objective 6).
Key indicators
Target
Monitoring Method
Objective: to reach vulnerable groups and communities whose food and nutrition security
1
has been adversely affected by Tropical Depression 12E.
Number of women, men, girls and boys
Distribution lists of families
receiving emergency food rations as a
100%
receiving food assistance vs.
percentage of planned figures.
planned figures
Quantity of food distributed, by type, as
Routine field monitoring of food
100%
percentage of planned distribution.
distributed vs. planned figures
Field verification of number of
Number of assets created or restored by unit
assets created or rehabilitated
At least 80%
of measure.
by type and unit of measure vs.
planned figures
Key indicators
Target
Monitoring Method
Objective: prevent morbidity and mortality caused by unsafe water consumption,
2
inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene practices in the most affected communities.
Initial assessment (base line)
Percentage of population in the targeted
about no. of people accessing
communities accessing safe water, with a
At least 50%
safe water, compared with final
minimum of 20 litres per person per day.
assessment.
Initial assessment (base line)
about no. of families using
communities using safe and adequate
basic sanitation and hygiene
sanitation and hygiene facilities, through
At least 30%
facilities with specific
culturally appropriate and gender sensitive
considerations on safety and
interventions.
gender, compared with final
assessment.
List of attendance of awareness
group sessions; Awareness
home visits forms signed;
communities receives hygiene promotion
At least 50%
Evidence in MoH activities
messages and adopting safe hygiene
record system; Awareness
practices, especially hand washing with soap.
material delivered to the
communities population
Objective 1: to improve living conditions for evacuated families temporarily residing in
3
shelters, and guarantee their dignity and provide better comfort.
Record drugs delivered and
Number of women in ESs, victims of gender
At least 250
people served in the medical
based violence, receiving medical and legal
women
and legal intervention; Followattention during the intervention.
up reports
Contingency Plan finalized;
Number of institutional contingency plans that At least three
Follow up and monitoring
respond to the problem of gender based
contingency plans
reports for the preparation of
violence within one month.
within one month
contingency plans
Number of ESs in Managua organized and
Shelter Situation
physically modified for the prevention,
Report; Interviews with
Six ESs
monitoring and reporting of cases of gender
affected people in shelter; Final
based violence within one month.
report
Number of People have been trained in the
Support list; Training
management of shelters (10,300 people
100 people
Presentations; Training Report
indirectly have benefited).
Number of people that have been trained in
Minimum Standards for Education in
100 people
Emergencies (MSEE), Chronic Crises and
Presentations; Training Report
Early Reconstruction.
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Objective 1: to improve living conditions for evacuated families temporarily residing in
Number of People have been trained in
100 people
Presentations; Training Report;
sphere project.
Monitoring and follow up
Shelters rebuilt in coordination with
Report of coordination
At least ten
SINAPRED and Ministry of the Family, Youth
meetings with partners; Visit
shelters
and Children (MIFAN).
Report
Number of shelters organizing psycho-social
List of rehabilitated children,
At least six
rehabilitation and educative activities for
and school reinforcement
shelters
children.
activities; Materials distributed
Number of children under-six participating in
At least 150
List of participants¸ Materials
spaces of “ Amor para los más Chiquitos” in
children
delivered to children
shelters and communities affected.
Objective: ensure that the population affected by floods in the four prioritized SILAIS
4 enjoy health care, hygiene education, consume safe water with appropriate service and
benefit from appropriate measures of surveillance and control of outbreaks.
Records continued medical
Percentage of population affected in four
assistance (service output) by
prioritized SILAIS enjoys health and health
At least 80%
community, municipalities and
education.
SILAIS; Report of people who
attend educational talks.
Reporting the results of el
monitoring bacteriological and
At least 80%
prioritized SILAIS enjoy safe water.
chemical physicist of water
samples
Number of health facilities
Percentage of SILAIS prioritized as a result of
providing health care.
the floods have capacity for providing access
Epidemiological surveillance,
100%
to health care, monitoring and responding to
endemic channel report.
outbreaks.
Number of dwellings sprayed.
Report focus controls.
Objective: Improved living condition in social, economic and physical terms of 610
5
families that were affected by the Tropical Depression 12E
Number of people/families who improved their
economic and social conditions as part of the 610 families
Support list
emergency response.
Number of municipalities, communities or
neighbourhoods that improved their capacities
related to the prevention, mitigation and
2 municipalities
Support list
attention to disasters.
3
At least 40% of people benefiting from the ER
List of attendance of awareness
At least 40%
strategy are women.
group sessions
Objective: Strengthening the capacity of sector coordination, leadership and partnerships
6
among humanitarian actors
At least three
coordination
Agendas, minutes of meetings,
Effective sector leadership by SINAPRED.
meetings between
list of participants
SINAPRED and
each sector lead
At least three
Strategic cluster plan, agendas,
The sector lead consolidates and coordinates meetings with
minutes of meetings, list of
effectively the sector response plan.
implementing
participants
partners
At least three
coordination
Participation and dialogue between
meetings between Agendas, minutes of meetings,
humanitarian actors and Government.
SINAPRED and
list of participants
the humanitarian
network
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4.3
CRITERIA FOR SELECTION AND PRIORITIZATION OF PROJECTS
A.
SELECTION
Based on the strategic objectives for humanitarian action agreed on by the humanitarian network,
comprising both the sector leaders, NGOs and the Government, the projects selected for this revised
appeal meet one or more of the following criteria related to relevance, impact and scope:
1. Projects relevant to save lives.
2. Projects that provide immediate alleviation of suffering of affected populations or ease the
transition from response to recovery phase, promoting the use of resources without duplicating
efforts among humanitarian actors.
3. Projects with an adequate scope, with relation to the timeline in which the proposed activities are
implemented and geographic coverage.
B.
PRIORITIZATION
The response for the remaining five months of the Flash appeal until April 2012 focuses primarily on a
humanitarian aid dimension with the continuation of the relief efforts, but additionally and of equal
importance is the response in key ER activities. These activities are critical as they set the basis to
prevent unnecessary prolongation of humanitarian assistance, as well as laying out foundations for the
recovery of livelihoods and coping mechanisms of the affected people.
The projects presented in the revised Flash Appeal for Nicaragua, focus on the immediate provision of
vital services, such as access to safe water, livelihoods recovery, repair of damaged housing, food aid
and health, in the most affected areas in support of the Government's response. The initial response
focused on helping people and communities isolated by floods.
In order for the prioritization of projects be carried out objectively and framed to address sector gaps, a
humanitarian context analysis and an analysis of gaps related to humanitarian aid was performed.
Since the elaboration of the initial Flash Appeal, one month ago, the humanitarian context has
changed largely due to the effective response by the government, the discontinuation of the rain and
the return of many families to their homes.
It should be emphasized that although many families have returned to their homes, they still lack the
necessary conditions for decent living. Added to this, the damage to crops in the rural areas has had
a significant negative impact on food security and livelihoods. Another problem considered for
prioritization has been sanitation and water quality in the affected areas. Field assessments carried
out highlight the need to provide assistance in the WASH sector to ensure access to safe water.
Priority needs and sectors have been identified in consultation within the sectors and through a review
of available assessment data and the humanitarian response to date. Based on an updated
assessment of the situation, the humanitarian response for the next five months will be focused
accordingly to the following categorization:
A. Urgent needs: Life-saving interventions and urgent ER actions in the most affected areas
related to food insecurity exacerbated by the loss of crops or loss of livelihoods, access to
clean water and adequate sanitation.
B. Critical needs: ER and protection related actions that promote a safe and dignified life.
Projects related to the rehabilitation of housing, adequate health services, protection and
capacity-building activities in shelters.
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4.4
LOGICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE COMMON HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN
Corresponding cluster response plan
objectives
1
To reach vulnerable groups and
Number of women, men, girls and boys
Food
communities whose food and nutrition
receiving emergency food rations as a
security
security has been adversely affected by
percentage of planned figures
Tropical Depression 12E
Quantity of food distributed, by type, as
Food
percentage of planned distribution
security
Number of assets created or restored by unit Food
of measure
security
Objective: prevent morbidity and mortality caused by unsafe water consumption, inadequate
2
sanitation and poor hygiene practices in the most affected communities.
Prevent morbidity and mortality caused by
unsafe water consumption, inadequate
communities with improved access to safe
WASH
sanitation and poor hygiene practices in
water
the most affected communities
communities with improved sanitation
WASH
conditions
communities receiving hygiene promotion
WASH
messages
Objective: to improve living conditions for evacuated families temporarily residing in
3
To improve living conditions for evacuated
Number of Women in ESs, victims of GBV,
families temporarily residing in shelters,
receiving medical and legal attention during
Shelter
and guarantee their dignity and provide
the intervention
better comfort
Number of institutional contingency plans that
respond to the problem of GBV within one
Shelter
month.
better comfort
Number of ESs in Managua organized and
physically modified for the prevention,
Shelter
monitoring and reporting of cases of GBV
within one month
better comfort
Number of People have been trained in the
management of shelters (10,300 people
Shelter
indirectly have benefited)
better comfort
Number of people that have been trained in
MSEE, Chronic Crises and Early
Shelter
Reconstruction.
better comfort
Number of People that have been trained in
Shelter
sphere project
better comfort
Shelters rebuilt in coordination with
Shelter
SINAPRED and MIFAN
better comfort
Key indicators
Cluster
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Number of shelters organizing psycho-social
rehabilitation and educative activities for
Shelter
children
better comfort
Number of children under-six participating in
spaces of “Amor para los más Chiquitos” in
Shelter
shelters and communities affected
better comfort
Objective: ensure that the population affected by floods in the four prioritized SILAIS enjoy
4 health care, hygiene education, consume safe water with appropriate service and benefit
from appropriate measures of surveillance and control of outbreaks.
Ensure that the population affected by
floods in the four prioritized SILAIS enjoy
health care, hygiene education, consume
prioritized SILAIS, enjoys health and health
Health
safe water with appropriate service and
education.
benefit from appropriate measures of
surveillance and control of outbreaks
health care, hygiene education, consume
Health
prioritized SILAIS, enjoy safe water
safe water with appropriate service and
benefit from appropriate measures of
surveillance and control of outbreaks
Percentage of SILAIS prioritized as a result of
health care access, hygiene education,
the floods have capacity for health care
Health
consume safe water with appropriate
monitoring and adequate response to
service and benefit from appropriate
outbreaks
measures of surveillance response and
control of outbreaks
Objective: improved living condition in social, economic and physical terms of 610 families
5
that were affected by the Tropical Depression 12E.
Improved living condition in social,
Number of people/families who improved their
economic and physical terms of 610
economic and social conditions as part of the ER
families that were affected by the Tropical
emergency response.
Depression 12E
Number of municipalities, communities or
neighbourhoods that improved their
ER
capacities related to the prevention, mitigation
and attention to disasters.
Depression 12E
At least 40% of people benefiting from the ER
ER
strategy are women
Depression 12E
Objective: strengthening the capacity of sector coordination, leadership and partnerships
6
among humanitarian actors.
Effective sector leadership by SINAPRED
All
All
The sector lead consolidates and coordinates
All
All
effectively the sector response plan
3
Participation and dialogue between
humanitarian actors and government
All
All
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4.5
CLUSTER/SECTOR RESPONSE PLANS
4.5.1. FOOD SECURITY
Summary of cluster response plan
Cluster lead agency
Cluster member
organizations
Number of projects
Cluster objectives
Number of beneficiaries
Funds required
Contact information
WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME and FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
RE-TE, ACTED, Welthungerhilfe, CARE, WV
9
To reach vulnerable groups and communities whose food and nutrition
security has been adversely affected by Tropical Depression 12E.
Up to 100,000 people
$10,530,473
mariaelena.velazquez@wfp.org
daniel.chillonolmos@fao.org
Categories and disaggregated numbers of affected population and beneficiaries
Category of affected
people
Affected people
Number of people in need
female
male
total
51,000
49,000
100,000
Targeted beneficiaries
female
male
total
51,000
49,000
100,000
Needs analysis
EFSA results show that a total of 23 municipalities in nine departments of the country are affected; the
largest number of affected population is concentrated in the departments of Leon, Chinandega, Estelí
and Managua. The evaluation team found that 94 communities were isolated due to damage to
infrastructure and total isolated population is estimated at more than 50,000 people. By the end of
October, a total of 4,445 people were living in emergency evacuation shelters. Further, damage to
crops was significant; 20% of beans and 12% of maize crops were lost and yields will be reduced by
30%. Loss of beans ascended 60% and between 22 to 35% in Managua, León and Chinandega and
losses in some municipalities was even higher. The municipality of Achuapa in León suffered 100%
loss of its rice production.
Hunger gaps in the first half of 2012 will increase in the most affected areas due to the loss of crops,
poor access to the communities and few available coping strategies. Vegetable gardening and
preparation for the next sowing period must be prioritized, in addition to access to alternative sources
of income and food. Access to irrigation facilities, seeds and inputs is necessary to increase the
availability of vegetables in the first half of the coming year. Improved availability to quality beans,
corn seeds and root crops is required in order to prepare the next sowing period. Post-harvest
conservation methods and facilities must be improved in order to mitigate risks of additional crops
losses. Immediate access to income or food may be enhanced by food distribution or food and cash
for work activities. Small cattle production should be promoted as a source of food and income.
Information on the nutritional status of children U5 and other vulnerable groups, directly and indirectly
affected, must be improved through nutritional standardized monitoring and assessment of relief and
transitions (SMART) surveys and/or nutritional assessments, in coordination with Health Ministry,
UNICEF and WHO.
Proposed strategy
In order to improve food consumption and support the re-habilitation of livelihoods the humanitarian
actors in the food security sector will coordinate with local municipal authorities, SINAPRED and
COMUPRED. NGOs, WFP and FAO will work in a complimentary and coordinated manner in order to
prevent a duplication of interventions.
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Interventions will focus on:
Food assistance: general food distribution (GFD) activities will be implemented in areas directly
affected by floods and shelters for the first three months. To the extent possible, GFD will transition
into short term food-for-work/assets focusing on recovery activities, including clean-up activities and
restoration of livelihoods of the affected communities. Activities will help rehabilitate community
infrastructure and agricultural productive capacities. Further, children under-two will receive an
additional ration of fortified foods through supplementary feeding along with communication on Infant
and Young Child Feeding especially on breastfeeding and complementary feeding
ER: Activities will promote and support the re-habilitation and establishment of livelihoods in
communities that have suffered from high crop losses. Technical assistance and inputs will contribute
to recover food production, enhance seeds and food conservation capacities and re-store community
infrastructure. Preparation for the next harvest season will be prioritized.
Revised cluster objectives
Outcomes
Indicator
Activities
Improved food consumption over
GFD, supplementary feeding

Number of women,
assistance period for target
and food-for-work
men, girls and boys receiving
emergency-affected households
emergency food rations as a
percentage of planned
figures.

Quantity of food
distributed, by type, as
percentage of planned
distribution
Improved household food security Number of assets created or
Distribution of agricultural
by strengthening the livelihoods
restored by unit of measure
inputs and provision of
of small scale farmers
technical assistance.
Table of proposed coverage per site
SITE / AREA
Managua Department
Chinandega Department
Leon Department
Madriz Department
Nueva Segovia Department
Matagalpa Department
Estelí Department
ORGANIZATIONS
PMA, FAO, RE-TE, WV
PMA, FAO, DWWH-ACTED, CARE, WV
PMA, FAO, DWWH-ACTED, CARE, WV
PMA, FAO
PMA, FAO
PMA, FAO, CARE, DWWH-ACTED, WV
PMA, FAO, CARE, DWWH-ACTED, WV
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4.5.2. WASH
Cluster lead agency
Cluster member
organizations
Number of projects
Cluster objectives
Funds required
Contact information
UNITED NATIONS CHILDREN’S FUND
SC, WVI, NRC, BUSF (OXFAM and CARE with other sources funds)
4
Prevent morbidity and mortality caused by unsafe water consumption,
inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene practices in the most affected
communities.
At least 25,000 people, including:
 12,000 children
 7,000 women
$850,000
amarro@unicef.org
Needs analysis
With the participation of SINAPRED and other governmental institutions and NGOs/INGOs, a joint
assessment was organized and carried out after the launch of the initial Flash Appeal. Updated
information about WASH affectations through several field visits and meetings with local authorities at
municipal level was collected. According to the figures obtained, a higher number of water and
sanitation facilities have been damaged compared with the initial data provided by the government; in
the most affected departments (Chinandega, Leon, Estelí and Managua) around 1,100 wells were
damaged, flooded or contaminated and around 10,800 latrines were damaged and/or flooded.
Due to the contamination of water sources and the lack of proper hygiene practices among the
population, a significant increase in the prevalence of diarrhoea and respiratory diseases has resulted.
Shelters have been deactivated in most communities and people went back to their homes.
The most relevant needs are, at community level; restore water services, treatment, storage and
distribution facilities; rehabilitation of sanitation facilities and solid waste disposals in public places;
implementing education and awareness raising activities about basic hygiene habits.
Proposed strategy
In order to ensure continues improvement of health condition, the proposed strategy consists of:

Sectoral coordination allows humanitarian WASH partners and stakeholders to ensure needs of
affected population on WASH are properly covered and remaining gaps are addressed.

Cleaning, disinfection and rehabilitation of water sources (wells) and basic rehabilitation of water
systems.

Provide means of purification, storage and handling of safe water, including instructions for proper
usage.

Rehabilitation/construction of adequate sanitation means for safe excreta disposal, including
hand- washing facilities, through culturally appropriate and gender sensitive interventions.

Promote actions and good practices for hygiene, and ensure population has access to necessary
means to practice them, with particular emphasis on soap.

Provision of WASH facilities and hygiene education in schools and other temporary learning
facilities.

Support solid waste disposals, at least in public places.
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Objective: prevent morbidity and mortality caused by unsafe water consumption, inadequate
sanitation and poor hygiene practices in the most affected communities.
Outcomes
Indicator
Activities
People affected by floods;
At least 50% of the population

Cleaning, disinfection
accessing safe water, prioritizing
in the targeted communities
and rehabilitation of water
the most vulnerable people
improves their access to safe
sources (wells) and basic
(children, pregnant and
water in an adequate quantity
rehabilitation of water
breastfeeding women).
(minimum 20 litres per person
systems.
per day)

Provide means of
purification, storage and
handling of safe water,
including instructions for
proper usage.
Population living in the most

Rehabilitation/constru
affected communities; uses safe
ction of adequate sanitation
and appropriate sanitation and
improves their sanitation
means for safe excreta
hygiene facilities and solid waste
conditions by accessing
disposal; support solid waste
disposal.
culturally appropriate and
disposals, at least in public
gender sensitive sanitation
places.
facilities. .

Support solid waste
disposals, at least in public
places.
Affected communities and
At least 50% of the population Hygiene promotion campaign
families receiving key hygiene
in coordination with MoH,
messages (including hand
receives hygiene promotion
directed to promote actions
washing, sanitation and water
messages.
and good practices.
treatment and storage), as well as
ensuring the access to
appropriate means, aimed to
adopt good practices and reduce
high risk health hazards.
Children at schools, temporary
100% of children having
Repair/rehabilitation of WASH
learning and other child friendly
access to WASH in temporary services in schools and other
spaces have access to safe
schools and other child
child friendly spaces
water, appropriate sanitation and
friendly spaces
Hygiene education in schools.
hygiene education
SITE / AREA
Chinandega Department
Somotillo Municipality
Villa Nueva Municipality
Leon Department
El Sauce Municipality
El Jicaral Municipality
Santa Rosa Peñon Municipality
Achuapa Municipality
Malpaisillo Municipality
Estelí Department
Condega Municipality
Managua Department
Tipitapa Municipality
El Crucero Municipality
ORGANIZATIONS
SC, BUSF (OXFAM with other source’s funds)
SC, BUSF, NRC
SC
SC, BUSF
SC
SC, WVI
SC
NRC
NRC
NRC
22
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4.5.3. HEALTH
Cluster lead agency
Cluster member
organizations
Number of projects
Cluster objectives
Funds required
Contact information
PAN AMARICAN HEATH ORGANIZATION – WORLD HEALTH
ORGANIZATION
PAHO - WHO
4
 To keep functioning health services in shelters and communities
affected by heavy rains and floods.
 Improve access and use of safe drinking water with emphasis in
shelters and health centres to reduce incidence of water-related
diseases to levels below those initially found.
 Contribute to the strengthening of local capacities for monitoring,
early warning and response to outbreak control.
92,216
$785,760
Guillermo Guevara
people
Affected people
female
male
total
68,268
65,590
133,858
female
male
total
47,016
45,200
92,216
Needs analysis
The health sector has identified needs with regard to primary health attention to the affected people
and control of outbreaks; efforts to ensure safe water for drinking and sanitation and hygiene, recovery
of infrastructure in health care facilities and drinking water systems.
These priorities are
complementary to the need of ensuring adequate nutrition while the ER of agricultural activities are
carried out, Furthermore, comprehensive health attention should be guaranteed through the
mobilization of medical brigades to the affected areas to carry out promotion and prevention activities
in community health.
Populations affected by the floods are located in areas of high poverty, which increases the risk of
outbreak of disease. To ensure comprehensive care to the populations affected, response actions
should be cross-sector and inter-institutional, represented by the sectors of health, education,
environment, agriculture and the organized community.
The specific needs identified are:

Ensure the quality of water for human consumption as a consequence of the damage in many mini
aqueducts in rural communities of the affected SILAIS.

The containment of outbreaks of dengue since the conditions are conducive to the proliferation of
the vector is a challenge.

The mobilization of health personnel to provide health services in the communities.
Proposed strategy
Strategy to bring health services to the most vulnerable are through visits of the integrated health
brigades in communities, which provides medical care and training to villagers. The rapid response
brigades would be mobilized in case of outbreaks of disease. They will furthermore train villagers in
the use of chlorine to ensure safe water for human consumption.
23
NICARAGUA
Revised sector objective
Objective: ensure that the population affected by floods in the four prioritized SILAIS enjoy
health care, hygiene education, consume safe water with appropriate service and benefit
from appropriate measures of surveillance and control of outbreaks.
Outcomes
Indicator
Activities
8,000 people receiving improved

Health brigades
health care and education; health affected in four prioritized
working in response to the
services guaranteed.
SILAIS enjoys health and
population prioritized in the
health education.
four SILAIS

With the brigades of
health educating the
population in hygiene and
sanitation.
8,000 have water service, such

Health workers in the
as continuity, quantity and quality. affected in four prioritized
centres and health posts
8,000 people make proper use of
SILAIS enjoy safe water with a deliver training in the proper
water service, such as efficiency
minimum quantity of 20 litres
use of chlorine to families
and hygienic behaviour.
per person per day
affected in the four SILAIS
Minor incidence of water-related

Health workers inform
diseases.
population of how to apply
hygiene measures

Health personnel
monitors water quality and
supports people in the use of
chlorine and the
implementation of better
hygiene practices
The SILAIS worst affected by the
100% of the SILAIS prioritized

Organize community
intense rains, have basic
as a result of the floods have
surveillance for the active
capability to respond to outbreak
capacity for monitoring and
pursuit of suspected cases
control and surveillance.
responding to outbreaks
and their referral to care
100% of SILAIS most affected by
centres
intense rains initiated alert and

Mobilization of rapid
response actions for outbreak
response teams for outbreak
control in the first 48 hours.
control

Acquisition of
equipment and supplies for
entomological surveillance
and vector control.
SITE / AREA
2
SILAIS León, 820 Km
2
SILAIS Chinandega 686 Km
2
SILAIS Estelí 2,229 Km
2
SILAIS Managua 289 Km
ORGANIZATIONS
MoH
MoH
MoH
MoH
24
NICARAGUA
4.5.4. SHELTER
Cluster lead agency
Cluster member
organizations
Number of projects
Cluster objectives
Funds required
Contact information
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION
UNFPA, UNICEF, WV, BUSF
4
To improve living conditions for evacuated families temporarily residing
in shelters, and guarantee their dignity and provide better comfort.
4,500 people (900 families)
$767,037
czepeda@iom.int
people
IDPs
female
male
total
3,500
1,000
4,500
female
male
total
3,500
1,000
4,500
Needs analysis
With the flooding, due to the rains of the Tropical Depression 12E, affected people have been
relocated to ESs as strengthening the shelters’ management abilities, including their capacity to
prevent GBV and protect children.
Based on current and past experiences in active shelters, the need to assure that conditions that
guarantee children’s and adolescents protection and psycho-social rehabilitation in a timely manner in
order to avoid situations that threatens their rights or have adverse impact in their mental and physical
health in the present and future have been identified. The risks of psycho-social stress, SGBV and
GBV, physical violence and abuse and separation of their families are latent.
GBV is a social problem that is aggravated during emergencies. The protection of women and
children during emergencies requires a holistic response against violence, including, the determination
of the zones and factors that facilitate GBV, the establishment of participative management systems
that guarantee the protection and increased access of victims of GBV to medical and psychological
attention.
Need to train community leaders, officers of MIFAN and Teachers in management of shelter in
emergencies and MSEE,
Proposed strategy
The number of active shelters has declined to 12 shelters with approximately 900 families. The cluster
will support families who are in shelters and families living in solidarity families in some departments.
Shelter sector has made few changes. The UNFPA project has not being changed. Bomberos
Unidos Sin Fronteras (Firemen without Borders/BUSF) cut cost and made changes to activities related
to training. IOM expanded its activities with child protection and included UNICEF as a counterpart.
WV has only made changes in its objectives that are related to protection of children. In conclusion,
the main objective of the sector is: Strengthening the shelters’ management abilities, including their
capacity to prevent GBV and protection of children.
25
NICARAGUA
Outcomes
Indicator
Activities

Nicaraguan authorities will

Number of women

In coordination with
gain a better understanding for the
in ESs, victims of GBV,
SINAPRED, Municipal
needs of IDPs during displacement. receiving medical and legal
Authorities, COMUPRED, UN
attention during the
partner agencies and NGOs,

The harmonization of
intervention.
establish coverage for mainly
conditions will improve the quality
affected areas, select priority
of the IDPs stay in the shelters.

Number of
locations and respond to
institutional contingency

Coordination mechanisms
primary needs.
plans that respond to the
and shelter management
problem of GBV within one

Complete assessment
strengthened at national and local
month.
of needs and beneficiaries in
levels.
selected locations/areas

Number of ESs in
including the analysis of
Managua organized and
situations and risks for GBV
physically modified for the
prevention, monitoring and

Evaluate preliminary
reporting of cases of GBV
impact and further needs at
within one month.
the end of an initial threemonth period.

Number of people
who have been trained in

Complete an
shelter management
architectural assessment of
(10,300 people indirectly
the shelters and establish a
have benefited).
rebuilding and rehabilitation
action plan.

Number of people

Induction workshops
MSEE, Chronic Crises and
in coordination with
Early Reconstruction.
SINAPRED for shelter
managers including training of

Number of people
Shelter Committees to
establish participative
sphere project.
management systems for the

Shelters rebuilt in
prevention, monitoring and
coordination with
reporting of cases of GBV.
SINAPRED and MIFAN.

Analysis of situations

Number of shelters
and risks for GBV in shelters
organizing psycho-social
and modification of the
rehabilitation and educative
physical space of the shelters
activities for children.
to reduce opportunities for

Number of children
violence.
under-six participating in

Modification of the
spaces of Amor para los
physical space of the shelters
más Chiquitos in shelters
to reduce opportunities for
and communities affected.
violence.

Revision of
contingency plans of
participating institutions to
assure fair and common
standards of protection and
assistance for victims of GBV.
26
NICARAGUA
Outcomes
Indicator
Activities

Training promoters
(provision educative
materials), teachers and other
communitarian leaders to
provide protection,
rehabilitation psycho-social
and safe spaces for learning
to children and adolescents.

Monitoring and
evaluation.
SITE / AREA
Nueva Segovia
Madriz
Estelí
Chinandega
Leon
Managua
Masaya
Jinotega
Matagalpa
ORGANIZATIONS
BUSF
BUSF
BUSF
IOM
WVI, BUSF
IOM, UNFPA, WVI, BUSF
WVI
BUSF
BUSF
27
NICARAGUA
4.5.5. ER
Sector lead agency
Sector member
organizations
Number of projects
Sector objectives
Funds required
Contact information
UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
SINAPRED, Habitat for Humanity, German Agro-Action, WV and UNHABITAT
3
Improved living condition in social, economic and physical terms of 610
families that were affected by the Tropical Depression 12E.
At least 3,445 people, including:
 1,722 children
 800 women
$1,907,584
Leonie.arguello@undp.org
Needs analysis
SINAPRED and other governmental institutions and NGO/INGOs organized and carried out a joint
assessment after the launch of the initial Flash Appeal. According to official figures 133,858 people
were affected nationwide. 10,812 were the total number of houses affected by the Tropical
Depression 12E (12,275 families). Some 8,924 homes are flooded, 318 in high-risk sites, 335
completely destroyed and 1,235 partially destroyed.
The most relevant needs are, at community level: as urgent need to recover their capacities to
effectively mitigate the negative impact of said disaster is required; rehabilitation, repair and/or rebuild,
houses; implementing education and awareness raising activities about response to natural disasters
more effectively.
Proposed strategy
In order to improve living condition, the proposed strategy consists of:

Promote emergency cash and food for work programme (and social services). Work will
include repair and rehabilitation of water systems, roads, schools, health centres and
household considering.

Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and provision of materials and tools for infrastructure
rehabilitation.

Strengthened capacities of local authorities and people to respond to natural disasters more
effectively.
28
NICARAGUA
Revised Sector objectives
Objective: improved living condition in social, economic and physical terms of 610 families
that were affected by the Tropical Depression 12E.
Outcomes
Indicator
Activities
1. Contribute to generate

At the end of the

Establish coordination
incomes, under Cash for Work
programme, 1,700 men and
and delimit functions between
mechanisms, during the housing
women have benefited from
the different strategic
rehabilitation and construction
the Cash for Work scheme.
partners.
process and the cleaning and

610 (Estelí and

Select beneficiaries
repair of public infrastructure.
Chinandega) families who
and elaborate the work
have suffered damage to their distribution plan under the
houses benefit from
Cash for Work scheme
improvement project and

Support the debris
housing construction.
removal process, cleaning
and waste disposal,
rehabilitation and
reconstructions of public
infrastructure through Cash
for Work scheme.

Train at least two
people per family in housing
self-construction techniques;
actions will be coordinated
with the Instituto Nacional
Tecnológico (National
Technological
Institute/INATEC) in order to
facilitate instructors and
training materials.

Provide tool kits, relief
and livelihood materials to
facilitate the economic
reactivation process.

Improve the
infrastructure of 415 houses
(478 families).

Build 115 new houses
(132 families).
2. Strengthened capacities of

Number of sites

Develop analysis of
local authorities and people to
identified as safe for the
sites in order to select safe
respond to natural disasters more establishment of sustainable
settlement locations, in
effectively.
human settlements.
coordination with SINAPRED,
Institute for Urban and Rural

Number of local
Housing (INVUR),
authorities and committees
municipalities and affected
involved in prevention,
local communities.
mitigation and attention to
disasters. At least 15

Provide risk
developed workshops.
management workshops and
strengthen the committees of
the districts for the prevention,
mitigation and attention to
disasters.
SITE / AREA
ORGANIZATIONS
Chinandega Dept.
Estelí Dept.
29
NICARAGUA
4.6
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
The national response is led by the SINAPRED in close collaborates with its stakeholders. The
system articulates that during emergencies the State Sectors and Institutions, with the support of the
Operation Department in charge of the Emergency Operation Center are active. At sub-national level,
there are COMUPRED Commissions in all departments, and most of the municipalities.
From the Government side, the response is organized in Sector working Commissions:
Sector Work Commission
Supplies Commission
Health Commission
Sub Commission of water and sanitation
Special Operations Commission
Security Commission
Infrastructure Commission
Education and Information Commission
Natural Phenomena Commission
Environment Commission
Consumer Protection Commission
Government Leaders
Ministry of Family (MIFAM)
Ministry of Health (MoH)
Nicaraguan Aqueduct and Sewers Company (ENACAL)
Nicaragua Army (Civil Defense)
Ministry of Government
Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure (MTI)
Ministry of Education and Culture
Nicaraguan Institute for Territorial studies (INETER)
Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources
(MARENA)
Ministry of Finance, Industry and Commerce (MIFIC)
This arrangement partially overlaps with the clusters promoted by the Humanitarian Country Team
(HCT) lead by the UN and described below, which will be in charge of the proposed strategy. The
activated cluster commissions are:
Cluster
Cluster lead
Relevant
governmental
institution
Other humanitarian stakeholders
Food Security
FAO
Ministry of
Agriculture and
Forestry
Food
Assistance
Collective
Centres/ES
Health
WASH
WFP
SINAPRED
IOM
MIFAM
WV, ADRA, NRC, SC
WHO/PAHO
UNICEF
MoH
ENACAL
Housing
UNDP
INVUR
WV, RE-TE, NRC
CARE, NRC, ACH, ASB, WV,
Christian Aid, SC, Lutheran
Federation, ACTED.
SC, CARE, WV, Intervida
ACTED, ACH, Lutheran Federation,
and Welthungerhilfe.
Clusters are designed to support the National System, particularly in coordinating the international
humanitarian partners’ response. Upon declaration of an emergency, most humanitarian partners
gather as a Humanitarian Network, as a first step in coordinating their response in line with the
strategic national orientation. It is the main forum for strategic and policy discussions amongst
international actors on how to support and complement the Government’s efforts to respond to the
emergency. An interagency technical group coordinated by the UN Emergency Technical Team is
also gathering sector information. An inter-agency assessment is running with participation of national
authorities and WFP and FAO.
HCT ensures that cross-cutting issues are fully incorporated into its strategic response planning and
activities. All national technical sector commissions have met and discussed priorities with
humanitarian partners in order to elaborate funding proposal and operational response.
30
NICARAGUA
ANNEX I.
LIST OF PROJECTS
Project code
Title
COLLECTIVE CENTRES/EMERGENCY SHELTER
Prevention and Attention for Gender Based Violence in the
NIC-11/S-NF/47104/R/1171
Emergency Shelters of Managua, and affected communities
NIC-11/S-NF/47106/R/8502
Support to IDPs to go back home
NIC-11/S-NF/47107/R/298
Support for Collective shelter and NFIs
NIC-11/S-NF/47108/R/15065
Management Shelter
Sub total for COLLECTIVE CENTRES/EMERGENCY SHELTER
EARLY RECOVERY
Generation of employment, rehabilitation and construction of
NIC-11/ER/47109/R/776
housing
Security Support, Security Risk Assessment in each Field
NIC-11/S/49055/R/5139
Environment of the CAP Projects.
Sub total for EARLY RECOVERY
FOOD SECURITY
Immediate assistance to prevent food losses, re-establish food
production and the livelihoods of the vulnerable farmers affected
NIC-11/A/47096/R/123
by Tropical Depression 12E in 26 municipalities of 7 departments
in Nicaragua
Re-establish food production and livelihoods of the vulnerable
NIC-11/A/48936/R/15327
farmers affected by Tropical Depression 12E in the the
municipality of San Francisco Libre
Recovering of food production systems through crop and
vegetable production, irrigation systems, post-harvest facilities
NIC-11/A/48942/R/5006
and immediate access to food in four municipalities of León and
Estelí departments in Nicaragua.
Rehabilitation of family plots where basic grains and vegetables
NIC-11/A/48943/R/8502
are cultivated.
Early rehabilitation of livelihoods of families living in communities
NIC-11/A/48944/R/5645
affected by the effects of Tropical Depression 12-E
NIC-11/A/48947/R/8502
Implementation of irrigation systems for 392 families
Emergency food assistance to families affected by Tropical
NIC-11/F/47095/R/561
Depression 12E
Appealing
agency
Original
requirements
($)
Revised
requirements
($)
Funding
Unmet
requirements
($)
($)
%
Covered
UNFPA
195,131
195,131
60,000
135,131
31%
WVI
IOM
BUSF
80,000
420,525
101,850
797,506
80,000
420,525
71,381
767,037
179,386
239,386
80,000
241,139
71,381
527,651
0%
43%
0%
31%
UNDP
1,350,000
1,900,000
229,438
1,670,562
12%
-
7,584
-
7,584
0%
1,350,000
1,907,584
229,438
1,678,146
12%
1,700,000
1,700,363
370,862
1,329,501
22%
RE.TE.
-
76,796
-
76,796
0%
DWHH
-
571,217
-
571,217
0%
WVI
-
419,440
-
419,440
0%
-
320,000
-
320,000
0%
-
125,832
-
125,832
0%
8,906,470
6,781,966
2,624,698
4,157,268
39%
UNDSS
FAO
CARE
International
WVI
WFP
31
NICARAGUA
Project code
Title
NIC-11/H/48945/R/8502
NIC-11/H/48946/R/8502
Sub total for FOOD SECURITY
HEALTH
NIC-11/H/47100/5497
NIC-11/H/47101/5497
NIC-11/H/47102/5497
NIC-11/H/47103/R/124
Nutritional diagnosis in children under 5 years old living in 13
municipalities affected by intensive rains.
4 months of food-for-work activities carried out by parents of
children suffering from moderate and severe malnutrition
Re-establishing health services in community and shelters
Disinfection and drinking water surveillance in shelters and health
centres
Disease surveillance and vector control activities
Avoid acute malnutrition in children, pregnant and breastfeeding
women in affected communities
Appealing
agency
NIC-11/WS/47098/R/8502
NIC-11/WS/47099/R/6079
NIC-11/WS/48909/R/8502
Cleaning and rehabilitation of water sources, provision of safe and
gender-appropriate sanitation facilities and solid waste disposals
in affected communities.
Provide safe water storage and sanitation facilitues to affected
communities and promotion of critical hygiene information.
Access to safe and quality water and sanitation facilities in
affected schools and communities
Cleaning and rehabilitation of water sources, provision of
sanitation facilities and hygiene promotion to families in affected
communities.
Funding
Unmet
requirements
($)
($)
%
Covered
-
70,616
-
70,616
0%
WVI
-
464,243
-
464,243
0%
10,606,470
10,530,473
2,995,560
7,534,913
28%
PAHO (WHO)
300,000
300,000
72,024
227,976
24%
PAHO (WHO)
96,271
96,271
74,806
21,465
78%
PAHO (WHO)
328,499
328,499
115,307
213,192
35%
60,990
60,990
60,968
22
100%
785,760
785,760
323,105
462,655
41%
UNICEF
300,000
300,000
197,800
102,200
66%
WVI
200,000
200,000
-
200,000
0%
SC
250,000
250,000
221,106
28,894
88%
-
100,000
-
100,000
0%
750,000
850,000
418,906
431,094
49%
14,289,736
14,840,854
4,206,395
10,634,459
28%
UNICEF
WVI
Sub total for WASH
Grand Total
NOTE:
Revised
requirements
($)
WVI
Sub total for HEALTH
WASH
NIC-11/WS/47097/R/124
Original
requirements
($)
Contribution:
Commitment:
Pledge:
creation of a legal, contractual obligation between the donor and recipient entity, specifying the amount to be contributed.
a non-binding announcement of an intended contribution or allocation by the donor. ("Uncommitted pledge" on these tables indicates the balance of original pledges not yet committed.)
The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 13 December 2011. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to
date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (fts.unocha.org).
32
NICARAGUA
TABLE IV: TOTAL FUNDING TO DATE PER DONOR TO PROJECTS LISTED IN THE APPEAL
Donor
Funding
% of
Grand Total
($)
Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF)
Uncommitted
pledges
($)
2,030,597
48%
-
Brazil
606,959
14%
-
Australia
451,671
11%
-
Spain
368,606
9%
-
Allocation of unearmarked funds by UN agencies
251,256
6%
-
Canada
221,106
5%
-
Italy
129,224
3%
-
Luxembourg
123,305
3%
-
22,500
1%
-
1,171
0%
-
100%
-
Chile
Nicaragua
Grand Total
4,206,395
NOTE:
Contribution:
Commitment:
contributed.
Pledge:
(fts.unocha.org).
33
NICARAGUA
TABLE V: TOTAL HUMANITARIAN FUNDING TO DATE PER DONOR (APPEAL PLUS OTHER)*
Central America Floods – October 2011 **
Donor
Funding**
% of
Grand Total
($)
Uncommitted
pledges
($)
6,811,413
27%
-
European Commission
5,657,708
22%
-
Spain
2,527,827
10%
-
Canada
1,760,419
7%
-
Brazil
1,300,555
5%
-
United States
1,095,034
4%
-
Private (individuals & organisations)
950,000
4%
-
Australia
903,342
4%
-
Allocation of funds from Red Cross / Red Crescent
710,631
3%
-
Luxembourg
654,014
3%
-
Finland
565,771
2%
-
Korea, Republic of
500,000
2%
-
Japan
468,831
2%
-
Italy
360,117
1%
-
Allocation of unearmarked funds by UN agencies
251,256
1%
-
Allocation of unearmarked funds by IGOs
200,000
1%
-
France
145,219
1%
-
Sweden
138,365
1%
-
Germany
122,783
0%
-
Argentina
28,938
0%
-
Chile
22,500
0%
-
1,171
0%
-
Cuba
-
0%
-
Ecuador
-
0%
-
Iran, Islamic Republic of
-
0%
-
Mexico
-
0%
-
Russian Federation
-
0%
-
Venezuela
-
0%
-
100%
-
Nicaragua
Grand Total
25,175,894
NOTE:
Zeros in both the funding and uncommitted pledges columns indicate that no value has been reported for in-kind
contributions.
Contribution:
Commitment:
contributed.
Pledge:
* Includes contributions to the Consolidated Appeal and additional contributions outside of the Consolidated Appeal Process
(bilateral, Red Cross, etc.)
** This table includes: 1) regional funding for this disaster, 2) specific contributions for Honduras and Costa Rica, and 3) contributions
both inside and outside the framework of the Flash Appeals for Nicaragua and El Salvador.
(fts.unocha.org).
34
NICARAGUA
TABLE VI: HUMANITARIAN FUNDING TO DATE PER DONOR TO PROJECTS NOT LISTED IN THE APPEAL
Other Humanitarian Funding to Central America Floods – October 2011 *
Donor
Funding
% of
Grand Total
($)
Uncommitted
pledges
($)
European Commission
5,657,708
35%
-
2,587,414
16%
-
Spain
1,695,117
11%
-
Canada
1,152,788
7%
-
United States
1,095,034
7%
-
Private (individuals & organisations)
950,000
6%
-
Allocation of funds from Red Cross / Red Crescent
710,631
4%
-
Korea, Republic of
500,000
3%
-
Japan
468,831
3%
-
Luxembourg
456,726
3%
-
Allocation of unearmarked funds by IGOs
200,000
1%
-
France
145,219
1%
-
Sweden
138,365
1%
-
Italy
136,426
1%
-
Germany
122,783
1%
-
Brazil
50,000
0%
-
Argentina
28,938
0%
-
Cuba
-
0%
-
Ecuador
-
0%
-
Iran, Islamic Republic of
-
0%
-
Mexico
-
0%
-
Russian Federation
-
0%
-
Venezuela
-
0%
-
100%
-
Grand Total
16,095,980
NOTE:
This table also includes funding to Appeal projects but in surplus to these projects' requirements as stated in the Appeal.
Zeros in both the funding and uncommitted pledges columns indicate that no value has been reported for in-kind
contributions.
Contribution:
Commitment:
contributed.
Pledge:
* This table includes: 1) regional funding for this disaster, 2) specific contributions for Honduras and Costa Rica, and 3) contributions for
Nicaragua and El Salvador outside the framework of the Flash Appeals
(fts.unocha.org).
35
NICARAGUA
ANNEX II.
ACH
ACTED
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
ADRA
ARI
ASB
Accion Contre el Hambre (Action Against Hunger)
Agence d'Aide à la Coopération Technique Et au Développement (Agency for
Technical Cooperation and Development
Adventist Development and Relief Agency
acute respiratory infection
Arbeiter Samariter Bund (German Medical Aid Organisation)
BUSF
Bomberos Unidos Sin Fronteras (Firemen without Borders)
CAP
CARE
CERF
CHAP
COMUPRED
Consolidated Appeal Process
Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere
Central Emergency Response Fund
common humanitarian action plan
Comité Municipal para la Prevención, Mitigación y Atención
de Desastres (Municipal Committee for Natural Disaster Prevention and
Mitigation)
DRR
Disaster risk reduction
ECG
ECHO
EFSA
ENACAL
ER
ESs
emergency cash grant
European Commission Humanitarian Office
emergency food security assessment
Nicaraguan Aqueduct and Sewers Company
early recovery
emergency shelter
FAO
FTS
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Financial Tracking Service
GBV
GFD
gender-based violence
General Food Distribution
HC
HEMCO
Humanitarian Coordinator
Hemco is company dedicated to mining exploration and exploitation
IDP
INETER
INGO
INVUR
IOM
INATEC
internally displaced persons
National Institute for Territorial Studies
international non-governmental organizations
Institute for Urban and Rural Housing
International Organization for Migration
Instituto Nacional Tecnológico (National Technological Institute)
MAGFOR
MARENA
MIFAM
MIFAN
MIFIC
MoH
MSEE
MT
MTI
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources
Ministry of the Family
Ministry of the Family, Youth and Children
Ministry of Finance, Industry and Commerce
Ministry of Health
Minimum Standards for Education in Emergencies
metric ton
Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure
NFI
NGO
NRCS
non-food item
non-governmental organization
Nicaraguan Red Cross Society
OXFAM
Oxford Committee for Famine Relief
36
NICARAGUA
PAHO
Pan-American Health Organization
RE-TE
Associazione di tecnici per la solidarietà e la cooperazione internazionale
SC
SILAIS
SINAPRED
SMART
Save the Children
Sistemas Locales de Atención Integral de Salud (Local Systems for
Comprehensive Healthcare)
National System for Attention, Mitigation and Prevention of Disasters
standardized monitoring and assessment of relief and transitions
U5
UN
UNDP
UNFPA
UN-HABITAT
UNICEF
UNS
under-five
United Nations
United Nations Development Programme
United Nations Population Fund
United Nations Human Settlements Programme
United Nations Children’s Fund
United Nations System
WASH
WFP
WHO
WV
WVI
water, sanitation and hygiene
World Food Programme
World Health Organization
World Vision
World Vision International
37
Consolidated Appeal Process (CAP)
The CAP is a tool for aid organizations to jointly plan, coordinate, implement and monitor their
response to disasters and emergencies, and to appeal for funds together instead of competitively.
It is the forum for developing a strategic approach to humanitarian action, focusing on close
cooperation between host governments, donors, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), the
International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, International Organization for Migration (IOM),
and United Nations agencies. As such, it presents a snapshot of the situation and response plans,
and is an inclusive and coordinated programme cycle of:






Strategic planning leading to a common humanitarian action plan (CHAP).
Resource mobilization leading to a Consolidated Appeal or a Flash Appeal.
Coordinated programme implementation.
Joint monitoring and evaluation.
Revision, if necessary.
Reporting on results.
The CHAP is the core of the CAP – a strategic plan for humanitarian response in a given country or
region, including the following elements:






A common analysis of the context in which humanitarian action takes place.
An assessment of needs.
Best, worst, and most likely scenarios.
A clear statement of longer-term objectives and goals.
Prioritised response plans, including a detailed mapping of projects to cover all needs.
A framework for monitoring the strategy and revising it if necessary.
The CHAP is the core of a Consolidated Appeal or, when crises break out or natural disasters
strike, a Flash Appeal. Under the leadership of the Humanitarian Coordinator (HC), and in
consultation with host Governments and donors, the CHAP is developed at the field level by the
HCT. This team includes Inter-Agency Standing C
ommittee (IASC) members and standing invitees (UN agencies, the International Organization for
Migration, the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, and NGOs that belong to
International Council of Voluntary Agencies, Interaction, or Steering Committee for Humanitarian
Response, but non-IASC members, such as national NGOs, can also be included.
The HC is responsible for the annual preparation of the consolidated appeal document. The
document is launched globally near the end of each year to enhance advocacy and resource
mobilization. An update, known as the Mid-Year Review, is presented to donors the following July.
Donors generally fund appealing agencies directly in response to project proposals listed in appeals.
The Financial Tracking Service (FTS), managed by the UN Office for the Coordination of
Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), is a database of appeal funding needs and worldwide donor
contributions, and can be found on www.reliefweb.int/fts.
In sum, the CAP is how aid agencies join forces to provide people in need the best available
protection and assistance, on time.
O FFI CE FO R THE C O O RDI N ATI O N O F HUM ANI T ARI AN AF F AI RS
(OCHA)
UNITED NATIONS
NEW YORK, N.Y. 10017
USA
PALAIS DES NATIONS
1211 GENEVA 10
SWITZERLAND

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