Protesi Caviglia - Prof. Marco Guelfi
Transcription
Protesi Caviglia - Prof. Marco Guelfi
Indicazioni, limiti, risultati e complicanze della protesi di caviglia M. Guelfi GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS Caviglia dolorosa • • • • zoppia dolore limitazione funzionale fallimento cure conservative Soluzione chirurgica GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS Quale chirurgia ? • • • • • GOST Artroscopia Artrodesi Artroprotesi Allograft Biotecnologie GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS Quale chirurgia ? • Allograft • Biotecnologie GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS Quale chirurgia ? • Artroscopia GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS Quale chirurgia ? • Artrodesi GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS Artrodesi Caviglia Buon compenso funzionale GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS Artrodesi Caviglia Buon compenso funzionale solo apparente GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS Artrodesi Caviglia Danno sovrasgmentario •Ginocchio GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS Artrodesi Caviglia Danno sovrasgmentario •Anca GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS Artrodesi Caviglia Danno mediotarsica GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS Charles Salzman 20% di cattivi risultati in Pz. sottoposti ad artrodesi di tibio-tarsica GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS Artroprotesi Caviglia La protesi di caviglia fa parte delle procedure accettate in ortopedia. Nel corso degli ultimi dieci anni il moltiplicarsi dei casi trattati e la loro valutazione post operatoria hanno permesso di mettere in luce il perché di molti fallimenti. E conseguentemente si sono sviluppati nuovi disegni per una funzione migliore e una maggiore durata dell’impianto. GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS Artroprotesi Caviglia • • • 4° generazione non cementate menisco mobile GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS Indicazioni • Artrosi primaria • Artrosi secondaria • Artrite reumatoide GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS Artrosi primaria GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS Artrosi secondaria GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS Artrite reumatoide GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS Controindicazioni • Osteomielite ASSOLUTE • Osteonecrosi • Osteomalacia GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS Controindicazioni • • • Indicazione Calli ossei viziosi RELATIVE ad eseguire tempi Difetti d’asse chirurgici Instabilità accessori GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS Tempi chirurgici accessori GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS Tempi chirurgici accessori GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS Tempi chirurgici accessori GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS Tempi chirurgici accessori GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS Tempi chirurgici accessori Instabilità esterna GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS Tempi chirurgici accessori Instabilità esterna GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS Analisi dei risultati • Casistica limitata • Follow-up breve GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS For Analysis of Bone Remodeling Two Methods Traditional X-ray DEXA GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS X-Ray: alignment fit no lucency no loosening F.Up 8 mm. GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS X-Ray: alignment lucency<1mm Bone growth no loosening F.Up 30 mm. GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS X-Ray: GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS GRUEN areas marked in AES prosthesis to assess evolutive X-ray lucency or loosening as reported by Giannini for the BOX S. Giannini 2004 For Analysis of Bone Remodeling Two Methods Traditional X-ray DEXA GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS DEXA dual energy X-ray absorptiometry -DEXA is the most precise and significant method for Bone Mineral Density study. -Gruen areas are significant like BIOMECHANICAL VALUE: DEXA shows not only the quantity of bone, but the biomechanical behavior. -DEXA connot replace traditional X-Ray methods to analysis of prosthesis failure. -Only a LONGITUDINAL DEXA analysis has the requisites to be considered reliable. GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS DEXA technical caracteristics Expert – XL (Lunar Inc.) Software 1,72 Rotation 0° default Implant lenght 8 – 10 cm Precision : 0,01 – 0,03 g/ cm2 Excellent resolution GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS DEXA analysis timing 1°……… Since 4° week p. o. 2°……………… 4° mo 3°……………… 8° mo 4°……………… 12° mo 5°…………… 36° mo GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS CASES Patients Patients Age Age 23 23 Mean Mean 68 68 (( F/ F/ M M == 11/12 11/12 )) Max Max Min Min 80 80 yrs yrs 45 45 yrs yrs Diagnosis Diagnosis O.A. 77 O.A. primary primary O.A. O.A. post-traum. post-traum. 14 14 R.A. 22 R.A. Follow Follow Up Up Min. Min. 18 18 m. m. Max.42 Max.42 m. m. GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS CASES 23 The record of cases is Consecutive and Homogeneus Same implant Same surgical approach Same post-operative protocol GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS DEXA scan must be performed lateral – front view 12 mm.post-op. GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS DEXA scan operated must be performed in & non-operated side 12 mm. post-op. GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS West and Gruen reported that “there is always a decrease in BMD in the operated hip” ( West, 87 – Gruen, 87 ) GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS In our series the average of BMD decrease at 12 months F.U. in operated ankle is 14% GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS PHERIPROSTHETIC BMD values in TAR lower GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS AUTHOR FOLLOW UP BMD decrease 1y 25 – 32 % KIRATLI et al.1992 HIP HUGHES et al.1995 HIP NISHI HIP 2y HIP 3y et al.1997 PALERMO-PIPINO 1999 GUELFI et al. 2005 ANKLE 2–4 y 1 y 17 - 34 % 7 -15 % 10 – 20 % 3 % 14 % The comparison between ankle and hip data shows that time influences BMD decrease infact in the series with long follow up there is better BMD GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS DEXA PREDICTIVE of ABNORMAL RESPONSE to SURGERY and PREMONITORY of LATER PROBLEMS GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS Insuccessi Mobilizzazione GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS Artrodesi dopo mobilizzazione GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS Diagnosi precoce di mobilizzazione • • • Clinica Radiografica Dexa Conservazione del bone stock GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS Protesi dopo mobilizzazione Protesi dedicate da revisione GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS Protesi dopo mobilizzazione Custom made GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS GOST GENOA ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS & TRAUMATOLOGISTS