universiti teknologi malysia - Faculty of Electrical Engineering

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UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALYSIA
DECLARATION OF THESIS / UNDERGRADUATE PROJECT REPORT AND COPYRIGHT
Author’s full name : NURUL ZAWANI BINTI MUHAMAD KHUDZARI
Date of Birth
: 22nd MARCH 1992
Title
: VIDEO BROADCASTING ON GIGABIT PASSIVE OPTICAL
NETWORK (GPON)
Academic Session : 2015/2016
I declare that this thesis is classified as:

CONFIDENTIAL
(Contains confidential information under the Official Secret Act
1972)*
RESTRICTED
(Contains restricted information as
organization where research was done)*
OPEN ACCESS
I agree that my thesis to be published as online open access
(full text)
specified
by
the
I acknowledged that Universiti Teknologi Malaysia reserves the right as follows:
1. The thesis is the property of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
2. The Library of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia has the right to make copies academic
purposes.
Certified by:
SIGNATURE
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NOTES :
SIGNATURE OF SUPERVISOR
(NEW IC NO/PASSPORT)
DR NADIATULHUDA BINTI ZULKIFLI
NAME OF SUPERVISOR
Date:27thJUNE 2016
Date: 27thJUNE 2016
*
If the thesis is CONFIDENTAL or RESTRICTED, please attach with the letter from the
organization concerned stating the reason/s and duration for the confidentiality
or restriction.
ii
“I hereby declare that I have read this report and in my
opinion this report is sufficient in terms of scope and quality for the
award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering (Electrical-Electronics)”
Signature
: ………………………….........
Name of Supervisor
: DR.NADIATULHUDA BT ZULKIFLI
Date
: 27th JUNE 2016
VIDEO BROADCASTING ON GIGABIT PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK
(GPON)
NURUL ZAWANI BINTI MUHAMAD KHUDZARI
A report submitted in fulfilment of the
requirements for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Engineering (Electrical-Electronics)
Faculty of Electrical Engineering
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
JUNE 2016
ii
I declare that this report entitled “Video Broadcasting on Gigabit Passive Optical
Network (GPON)” is the result of my own research except as cited in the
references. The report has not been accepted for any degree and is not
concurrently submitted in the candidature of any other degree.
Signature
: …………………………………………….
Name
: NURUL ZAWANI BINTI MUHAMAD KHUDZARI
Date
: 27th JUNE 2016
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, Alhamdulillah thanks to ALLAH S.W.T for allowing
me to complete this final year project despite many hardships and challenges that
come.I would like to give a special thank to my final year project supervisor Dr.
Nadiatulhuda Bt Zulkifli that gives me so much support and a lot of valuable
information and guidance for the progress of my project. Without her helping
during my project research, this project cannot be done successfully.
Special thanks to my lovely parents, Muhamad Khudzari bin Abd Wahab,
and Saripah Binti Mat Leh for their support and strength when doing this final
year project.
Finally, with memorable, for those who contribute directly or indirectly
toward preparing and finishing on my final year project, I wish for God blesses,
thank you.
iv
ABSTRACT
Video streaming allows customers to broadcast video content through
applications such as Digital Subscriber Line and Wireless Local Area Network. In
order to produce superior quality and high-speed video broadcasting, fiber
medium is proposed to overcome the bottleneck associated with the legacy copper
technology that limits residential user bandwidth to around 2 Mbps. Gigabit
Passive Optical Network (GPON) is the widely used fiber access technology for
fibre to the home (FTTH) purpose. This work demonstrates video broadcasting
through GPON using GPON testbed that consists of an Optical Line Terminal
(OLT), the optical splitter and Optical Network Terminal (ONU). From the OLTs,
the video can be distributed up to 32 ONUs where each ONU is linked to a
number of user devices such as laptop through the wired or wireless medium. This
project involves the quite complex configuration of the above network as the
system has to handle a large number of aggregated low bandwidth users on a
single high-speed fibre link. Unlike another medium such as copper and wireless,
it is expected that the video broadcasting quality will not experience significant
degradation with increasing number of ONUs due to the large available bandwidth
offered by the GPON.
v
ABSTRAK
Video siaran lansung
membolehkan pelanggan untuk menyiarkan
kandungan video melalui aplikasi seperti Talian Pelanggan Digital dan Rankaian
Tanpa Wayar Tempatan.Dalam usaha untuk menghasilkan kualiti unggul dan
penyiaran video berkelajuan tinggi, optikal fiber adalah dicadangkan untuk
mengatasi masalah yang berkaitan dengan teknologi legasi tembaga yang
menghadkan jalur lebar kepada pengguna kediaman kepada kira-kira 2 Mbps.
Gigabit Rangkaian optik pasif (GPON) adalah teknologi akses gentian yang
digunakan secara meluas untuk fiber kepada (FTTH) fiber ke rumah. Projek ini
menunjukkan penyiaran video melalui GPON menggunakan tapak ujian GPON
yang terdiri daripada Terminal Optical Line (OLT), splitter optik dan Terminal
Rangkaian optik (ONU). Dari OLTs, video yang boleh diagihkan sehingga 32
ONU di mana setiap ONU dikaitkan dengan beberapa peranti pengguna seperti
komputer riba melalui media berwayar atau tanpa wayar. Projek ini melibatkan
konfigurasi agak kompleks di atas rangkaian sebagai sistem untuk mengendalikan
sejumlah besar pengguna jalur lebar agregat rendah pada pautan gentian kelajuan
tinggi tunggal. Tidak seperti medium yang lain seperti tembaga dan tanpa wayar,
ia dijangka bahawa penyiaran video kualiti tidak akan mengalami kemerosotan
yang ketara dengan peningkatan jumlah siaran kerana mempunyai jalur lebar yang
tersedia besar yang ditawarkan oleh GPON
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
1
2
TITLE
PAGE
DECLARATION
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
iii
ABSTRACT
iv
ABSTRAK
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS
vi
LIST OF TABLES
ix
LIST OF FIGURES
x
LIST OF ABBBREAVIATION
xi
LIST OF SYMBOL
xii
LIST OF APPENDICES
xiii
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
1
1.2 Problem Statement
2
1.3 Research Objective
3
1.4 Scope Of Study
3
1.5 Literature Review
3
1.6 Expected Findings
3
1.7 Structure of Study
4
1.8 Summary
4
LITERATURE REVIEW
vii
2.1 Introduction
2.2 High Definition IPTV Broadcasting Over
5
5
GPON
2.3 Design of GPON For Digital Video Broadcast
7
2.4 On Demand Video Streaming Schemes
9
2.5 Application GPON Technology
10
2.6 On Guaranteed VoD Services in Next
12
Generation Optical Access Networks.
3
4
5
6
METHODOLOGY
3.1Introduction
14
3.2 Project Flow
14
3.3 GPON Video Broadcasting Design
16
3.4 GPON Configuration
17
RESULT AND DISSCUSSION
4.1 Introduction
21
4.2 Differences between Video Codec
21
4.3 Content Bitrate of Broadcasting Video
27
4.4 Comparison GPON and Wireless
28
4.5 Summary
29
CONCLUSION
5.1 Conclusion
30
5.2 Future work
31
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
6.1 Introduction
32
6.2 Project Management
32
6.3 Milestone
34
6.4 Budget of the Project
35
6.5 Conclusion
35
viii
REFERENCES
36
APPENDDIX
39
ix
LIST OF TABLE
TABLE NO
TITLE
PAGE
4.1
Percentage Ratio of Different Video Codec
21
4.3
Video Codec For Wmv-Wma(Asf)
25
4.4
GPON Vs Wireless
27
6.1
Final Year Project 1
34
6.2
Final Year Project 2
34
6.3
Project Cost
35
6.4
Project Budget
35
x
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE
TITLE
NO
PAGE
2.1
Local Service Provider Office
6
2.2
Topology GPON Configuration
8
2.3
Shared-WDM-PON
9
2.4
GPON architecture
10
2.5
GPON Agreement Layered Structure
11
3.1
Project Flow
14
3.2
GPON Configuration for Video Broadcasting
15
3.3
GPON Design
15
3.4
Putty Command
16
3.5
Putty Set Port
17
3.6
Check Ip Address
17
3.7
GPON Configuration
18
4.1
Percentage of Different Video Codec
21
4.2
VORBIS THEORA Video Codec
21
4.3
Codec Information of Server
22
4.4
MPEG-2 Video Codec
23
4.5
WMA-WMA Video Codec
23
4.6
DIV3-MP3 Video Codec
24
4.7
DIVX Compatible Player Video Codec
25
4.8
Graph of Content Bitrate
26
xi
LIST OF ABBREVIATION
BER
-
Bit Error Rate
GPON
-
Gigabit Passive Optical Network
ODN
-
Optical Distribution Network
OLT
-
Optical Line Terminal
ONT
-
Optical Network terminal
ONU
-
Optical Network Unit
PON
-
Passive Optical Network
QoS
-
Quality of Services
T-CONT
-
Transmission Containers
TDM
-
Time Division Multiplexing
SNR
-
Signal to Noise ratio
WDM
-
Wavelength Division Multiplex
NE
-
Network Unit
GEM
-
(GPON Encapsulation Method)
xii
LIST OF SYMBOLS
Symbol
Definition
Di
Duration of watching video i from 1 to Li in minutes
Gl
The group of segments from S1 to Sl
i
The counter of video titles
idij
The interest degree of video i at ONU j
j
The counter of ONUs
k
The number of video segments
Li
The length of video i in minutes
l
The counter of patching channels
M
Total number of video titles in video server
N
Total number of ONUs
Pij
Probability of receiving request for video i at ONU j
p*ij
The normalized values of popij
popij(t)
Popularity of video i at ONU j at time t
Si
Segment j in a video title
Wi
Size of patching window of video i
Xj
Total number of patching channels allocated to ONU j
Y
Total number of broadcasting channels available at OLT
yi
The number of broadcasting channels allocated to video i
at OLT
α
Prediction factor to reduce the speed of change of
popularity of each video
ωi
Wavelength channel i
xiii
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX
A
TITLE
PUTTY COMMAND LINE FOR OLT and
ONU
PAGE
39
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Introduction
The technology of optical fiber for communication nowadays become huge
because able it is to transmit high data rate with large bandwidth. Besides, per user,
optical fiber is cheaper than DSL that uses copper medium. By using optical fiber the
bit rate can reach as fast at 10Gbps in just one wavelength and the technique
Wavelength Division Multiplexing(WDM) or Dense Wavelength Division
Multiplexing(DWDM) allows even larger transmission capacity[1].
Video streaming is a platform that allows customers to broadcast video
content using a camera and a computer through internet and viewer to play content
via the web. Technology for video streaming, in general, is DSL that uses copper
media. However, there some issues with the conventional network such as delay
jitter and loss data rate. In order to enhance the technology of conventional medium,
Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) is introduced to produce better quality of
video streaming because it provides great bandwidth and multipoint transmission.
GPON architecture also supports efficient broadcasting on the computer. The
wavelength usually used for the video transmitting is in the range 1550-1560 nm.
2
GPON is defined by ITU-T recommendation series G.984.1 through G.984.4.
G.984 standard series define general characteristics of GPON (G.984.1) as well as
physical layer specification (G.984.2), transmission layer specification (G.984.3) and
ONU (Optical Network Unit) management and control specification (G.984.4)
GPON can transport not only Ethernet but ATM and TDM (including PSTN, ISDN,
E1 and E3) traffic by using GPON encapsulating method (GEM).[2]. The great
bandwidth of GPON will able to broadcast the video without delay jitter and loss
data rate.
1.2
Problem Statement
Nowadays, video broadcasting technology is an application that gains huge
popularity among users. The communication through video is one way
communication where users are able to view video that is sent from the server in
order to get faster information. Many users aim to communicate through video via
the web because it more efficient than conventional medium. However, the
conventional medium such as ADSL that uses copper media suffers from delay jitter
and loss data rate. This project aims to explore the use of GPON for video
broadcasting.
1.3
Research Objective
Objective of research are:
1.
To implement GPON configuration for video broadcasting purpose.
2.
To analyse the video quality received in different GPON content bitrate.
3
1.4 Scope of Study
This looks at the transmitter between ONUs in the same GPON network.At
the moment, it considers the short distance of the fiber. This project focuses on
GPON configuration that is ONU & OLT for video broadcasting
1.5
Literature Review
In a literature review, the are many of the journals about research on video
broadcasting in different technique such using
shared0-WDM-PON, FTTH
architecture, video broadcasting using ATM network and other. From this research, I
identify the problem and solution happen when doing the research on the video
broadcasting.
1.6
Expected Findings
From the conducting the research on video broadcasting on GPON
configuration, we should analyse the result based on the previous research that
GPON can transmit at higher bandwidth. Besides, GPON also can send the video up
to 64 users at one time without losing data rate.
4
1.7
Structure of Report
This report consists of six chapters. In chapter 1, objectives of the project,
problem background, scope of the study, literature review and expected finding are
described.
Chapter 2 focuses on literature review that is related to this project. This
chapter also describes about GPON technology that applies for video broadcasting.
Methodology is described in chapter 3 which provided explanation about GPON
configuration on video broadcasting purpose. Medium that used to broadcast the
video is VLC media player. In order, to configure GPON testbed that includes OLT
and ONU, the PUTTY configure software is used.
Chapter 4 covers on results and discussions. The results for this project
demonstrate the performance content bitrate from server to client. Results of the
GPON configuration for video broadcasting are compared with the conventional
mediums that are wireless technology.
Chapter 5 focuses more on conclusions and future recommendations for this
project. It is summarizes about the outcome of the project. Lastly, chapter 6 covers
project management. This chapter includes research plan and execution gantt chart,
project budget and project cost.
1.8
Summary
Overall this chapter discuses more on problem statement, objective, scope of
the project, expected finding and structure of the report. Before conducting this
project the objective and problem statement must be clear clarified.
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1
Introduction
This part reviews video broadcasting based on GPON configuration and
others software applications to play the video content. There are many techniques
proposed to broadcast the video content with larger bandwidth. However larger video
bandwidth with low delay, jitter and loss data rate, can only be achieved using
GPON technology. This section describes different GPON techniques that are used
for video broadcasting purpose.
2.2
High Definition IPTV Broadcasting over GPON
H. Ikeda, J.Sugawa, Y. Ashi and K. Sakamoto propose a high definition IPTV
broadcasting architecture over GPON [3]. There are three methods to deliver a video
content that are IP broadcasting, (VoD) and file download technologies. IPTV
broadcasting technology over GPON delivers same video content to a large numbers
of the user simultaneously. IPTV is connected to the ONT to the subscribers by
6
multicast function. The developed IPTV channel selection mechanism in the
GPON’s ONT is to achieve faster IPTV channel switching by selecting a multicast
stream at a subscriber’s home [3].
.
Figure 2.1
Local service provider’s office[3]
Figure 2.1 shows the IP broadcasting server at the local service provider’s
office. It packetizes video content into multicast IP packet and sends it by multicast
streaming to a multicast network where IP packet is transmitted. The 2.488Gbps is
used to deliver GPON system to downstream bandwidth, sharing with the user. OLT
delivers the HDTV signal to an ONT located at subscriber’s homes over optical
fibers. The OLT encapsulates an IP multicast packet into a GEM frame with
multicast port IDs. In the ONT and the function of IPTV channel control is
implemented to select an IPTV channel. By using a multicast filter function in the
boundary router in the broadcasting service, the service provider can control the
broadcasting area for video content. The user that has access to IP broadcasting
service is limited based on their location [3].
7
2.3
Design of GPON for Digital Video Broadcast
The work by Z. Naiqin and J. Libiao [1] demonstrates how video services are
loaded through ATM cells or GEM (GPON encapsulation method) frames in GPON
which is a unique encapsulation. GPON also supports high speed transmission in an
asymmetrical/symmetrical way, and many kinds of services including data, PSTN,
and digital video. GPON configuration consists of ONU, OLT and ODN, and it
provides enough bandwidth in the asymmetrical mode for video transmitting. In
order to send the broadcasted video, the signal must be amplified to about 20 dBm as
the signal becomes attenuated significantly through OLT and ODN. OLT provides
the interface between the network and local switch which connects ONUs and ODN.
OLT that assigns bandwidth dynamically and control the ONU is the interface for the
access network at the user-end and provides the accessing of audio, video, and data
into the ODN. From OLT, the ODN system will send the data rate to the optical
splitter. The ratio GPON system of the optical splitter is 1:16/32/64.In one fiber,
GPON can realize bi-directional data communication and one-way video
transmission[1].
8
Figure 2.2
Topology GPON configuration [1]
Figure 2.2 shows the topology of the GPON configuration that is supported
by high speed optical backbone. This paper designed a GPON system to transmit
DTV signals. This design consist of FTTH network with 64 users per network, each
OLT has only one PON port splitted into 32 branches by optical splitter. Each FTTB
building needs 4 ONUs which a total of 32 totally. They adopt the GPON equipment
produced by a flex light. The range of optical power of ONUs is from -6 dBm to 2
dBm.The output electrical potential is related to the input optical power range 80
dBµV to 96 dBµV. The light modulation depth of the transmitter is 3%[1].
9
2.4
On Demand Video Streaming Schemes
The definitions of video on demand (VoD) enable the user to browse, select
and watch a video title store in a set of video servers at any time with enhanced
interactivity. VoD demands a very high bandwidth to view the video. As a solution,
this paper introduces WDM-PON because it provides even larger bandwidth that is
suitable for future application. A share-WDM-PON integrates GPON downstream
wavelength channel with a generic WDM-PON multiplexed to provide video
broadcast sharing content [4].
A shared-WDM-PON architecture consists of three topologies that connect
ONUs to the OLT. The proxy video server is connected via a gigabit network from
OLT. Ethernet LAN port is assumed attached to each ONUs that from the residential
network. A set-top box (STB) at the client slide is equipped with a storage disk with
enough space to accommodate some portions of playing video [4].
Figure 2.3
Shared-WDM-PON [4]
10
Figure 2.3 shows the shared-WDM-PON architecture. The OLT repeatedly
broadcasts all video segments on the first channel y1 and.y1means the total number of
broadcasting channel 1 available at OLT at time 0. The video will be rebroadcast on
channels y2 .that is the total number of broadcasting channel 2 available at the OLT
to yi(the number of broadcasting channels allocates to video I at OLT) in every wi(size of
patching window of video i) time units. Parameter wi called the patching window of
video i (the counter of video titles) is a fixed time interval between consecutive
broadcast streams of a video, which equals Li/yi. Li is for the length of video i in
minutes. ONU multicasts the broadcast streams transmitted by the OLT to its clients
that have requested video i. Following are explanation on the system:
2.5
i
yi
-
wi
Y1
-
Y2
-
Li
-
The counter of video titles
The number of broadcasting channels
allocated to video i at OLT
Size of patching window of video i
Total number of broadcasting channels 1
available at OLT
Total number of broadcasting channels 2
available at OLT
The length of video i in minutes
Application of GPON Technology
GPON transmits in a multicast fashion from one point to multipoint. GPON
include three main parts that is ONU, OLT and ODN.OLT is located at the central
office and it has the functions of the concentrated broadband distributions, the real
time monitoring, the operation, and maintenance of PON system.
11
Figure 2.4
GPON architecture [5]
Figure 2.4 shows the GPON architecture. ONU is mainly used to provide the
interface for the client, converging multi-service data flow at the client-side. WDM
and NE are used to adopt the operating wavelength for transmission between OLT
and ONU.
Figure 2.5
GPON Agreement Layered Structure [5]
Figure 2.5 shows the GPON agreement Layered Structure. GPON consists of
the control/management plane and the user plane. The control/management plane is
12
more responsible for the data flow and safety encryption, having the function of
Operation, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM). Physical Medium Dependent
Layer (PMD Layer) is made up by the user of Transmission Convergence Layer (TC
Layer) and High PMD Layer, including Photoelectric Conversion and Wavelength
Framing Sublayer and GTC Adaptation Sublayer. Through GTC Adaptation
Sublayer the information of high-level users (data and control management) is
encapsulated[5].
2.6
On Guaranteed VoD Services in Next Generation Optical Access
Networks
The work by J.Wang, C. Qio, Y.Li and K. Lu proposed an integrated
GPON/WDM PON architecture where a proxy video server containing a set of
popular videos is placed near the OLT in the central office with a high speed
connection to the OLT [7].
Figure 2.6
Integrated GPON and WDM PON architecture supporting VoD[7]
Figure 2.6 shows the integrated GPON and WDM-PON architecture
supporting VoD. λNa wavelengths are used for upstream transmission as in a WDM
13
PON, and λ1b, ..., λ(N+1)b wavelengths are used for downstream transmission. The first
N wavelengths are used for downstream traffic as in a conventional WDM PON and
the last wavelength, λ(N+1)b, is used for downstream broadcast traffic as in a
conventional GPON. At each ONU i, a pair of fixed transmitter (at λia) and receiver
(at λib) are equipped for upstream and downstream transmissions as in a
conventional WDM PON. A fixed receiver (at λ(N+1)b) is used for broadcasting
downstream traffic as in a GPON. Broadcast traffic carried on λ(N+1)b is routed to
output port ON+1 of the AWG, which is then split into N copies and routed to output
ports O1, O2,...,ON through input ports I2, I3,...,IN+1 respectively. Such a way to
integrate GPON and WDM PON can assure that only one feed fiber is necessary
from the OLT to the remote node [7].
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1
Introduction
In this chapter, the process of designing GPON configuration for video
broadcasting purpose is described. Each step needs to be configured first before
transmitting the video signal from the server to the client. The purpose to configure is
to make sure OLT at central office and ONU is connected. The video is broadcasted
from the server to client using VLC media player.
3.2
Project Flow
The project commences with a literature review on GPON technology. Before
this, many technologies such as ADSL (Digital Subscriber Line) that uses the copper
medium to transmit data rate. The problem happens in ADSL technology causes the
technology to be improved because the high demand of customers that request high
data rate and higher bandwidth services. To improve the technology of video
communication, many institutes propose the video broadcasting using Passive
15
Optical Network (PON).GPON is one of PON technology that provides higher
bandwidth without losing data rate.
Start
Study of theoretical of GPON technology to FTTH and find the problem
background of the video broadcasting..
Literature review of GPON technology and GPON configuration
GPON configuration using test-bed
View the video performance using VLC player analyse the performance
Compare
video
performance
between two PC
NO
YES
Collect data bit rate.
Result analysis
Report writing
End
Figure 3.1
Project Flow
16
GPON
configuration
on OLT &
ONU using
putty
command
Set ip
address
for OLT,
server and
client
Figure 3.2
Broadcast
video using
vlc media
player
from server
to the
client
Analyse the
video
perfomance
of the client
and server.
Find the
suitable
codec to
transmit
video
GPON configurations for video broadcasting
3.3 GPON Video Broadcasting Design
Figure 3.3
GPON Design
17
3.4
GPON Configuration
Before broadcasting the video, the OLT and ONU need to configure firstly.
Configuration of OLT and ONU need to be based on GPON specific command. The
specific command using PUTTY command software is to configure GPON port that
needs to be declared. PUTTY command is the software to configure network and
review network analysis. Firstly, set the port for OLT that we want to use. After that,
set port for the ONU that we need to connect with the OLT.
Figure 3.4
PUTTY Commands
18
Figure 3.5
PUTTY set port
Figure 3.6
Check IP address
19
After setting up the port that needs to be connected, the IP address that is
configured in the PUTTY command is checked using command window on the PC
that is show in Figure 3.6. The OLT and ONU is also being connected using
command window at every PC. After that, the video can broadcast using VLC Media
Player from the server through OLT and to the client through ONU. The
performance of the video broadcasting is also analysed. The IP address is set up at
30.1.1.254 for OLT, 30.1.1.1 for server and lastly 30.1.1.10 for the client. The fiber
length use in this project is around 5 meter.
Figure 3.7
GPON configuration
GPON configuration consists of ONT, ONUs and an optical splitter. Figure
3.7 shows the GPON configuration to test the network. The video source transmits
the video through OLT at the centre office. OLT will process the video signal and
send it through ONU using Optical Splitter. The optical splitter will distribute the
video content to the user. Optical splitter can distribute the video content up to 32
users at one time. Also from OLT to the optical splitter, the data can transmit up to
20km. The wavelength ranges 1550-1560 nm can be used for downstream RF video
distribution. This project will test on a different configuration of GPON that
20
measures data rate loss during transmission. This project tested using VLC Media
player. In the VLC Media player during transmission of the video, the transmitting
bit rate is analysed. This project also compares with the conventional medium such
as wireless local area network to determine the different between the conventional
medium with the GPON technology for the video broadcasting purpose.
CHAPTER 4
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1
Introduction
This chapter discusses the results that are obtained from the experimental
work. The result shows from the experiment are obtained after the GPON
configuration. The broadcasting video is transmitted through ONU and OLT. The
optical splitter distributes the video signal to the client.
4.2
Differences between Video Codec
To broadcast the video, some specific codecs must be determined. Video
codec is the platform for the server to send the video content to the client. Video
codec compress the original video become smaller and it is easier to send the video
content with small time delay because the file of the video becomes smaller. By
using VLC Media player, several codecs needed to test before broadcasting the
video. There are five video codecs that allows both client and server to play the
video. However, there is only one video codec that has good performance for the
22
video broadcasting. This video codec is suitable for the video broadcasting through a
network or when streaming the video.
Percentage Ratio of Different Video Codec
Table 4.1
DIVX
VIDEO
VORBIS
MPEG-2
CODEC
THEORA
WMV-
DIV3-
COMPATIBL
WMA
MP3
E PLAYER
28.16
25.89
16.50
Ratio Of Bit
0
Rate Client To
20.38
Server (%)
Table 4.1 shows that percentage ratio of different video codec. For video
codec WMV-WMA higher content bit rate that is 28.16% received by client
compared to the other video codecs that is lower content bit rate received by client.
Percentage Bit Rate of Different Video Codec
30
25
Percentage of 20
Bit Rate(%) 15
10
5
0
vorbis
theora
mpeg-2
wmv-wma
div3-mp3
divx
compatible
player
Video Codec
Figure 4.1
Graph of Percentage of Different Video Codec
Figure 4.1 shows the graph of percentage bit rate of different video codec.
Video codec Vorbis Theora 0% causes distorted image when playing the video. Only
server play the video but the client did not play video.
23
Figure 4.2
Figure 4.3
Vorbis Theora Video Codec
Codec information of server
Figure 4.2 shows the codec for VLC media player that is Vorbis Theora
codec. In this video codec output, we can see that the server can play the video very
well in opposed to the client that does not receive the video signal from the server.
24
So this video codec do not suitable for the video broadcasting. The content bit rate
for client is 0kb/s. This is because the video did not play on the client PC. Figure 4.3
shows the codec information of the server from VLC media player. This codec
information is constant although different video codec because it is get from the
source of the video content at the server.
Figure 4.4
Mpeg-2 Video Codec
Figure 4.4 shows the Mpeg-2 video codec. The server can play the video
smoothly, but for the client has delay and loss frame when broadcasting the video.
The image shows that lower bit rate and frame rate. The image is broken and cannot
see at all for the client. The content bit rate between server and client is 397kb/s.
25
Figure 4.5
WMV-WMA Video Codec
Figure 4.5 shows that video codec of WMV-WMA. Both client and server
can play the video smoothly and only little delay for the client when broadcasting the
video. The image both client and server did not break. This is because both client and
server using window system to display the video. The content bit rate between server
and client is 208.2kb/s.
Figure 4.6
DIV3-MP3 Video Codec
26
Figure 4.6 shows that video codec of DIV3-MP3. The both client and server
can play the video but a bit rate between server and client is 349.2 kb/s. However, the
image is distorted at the client PC.
Figure 4.7
DIVX Compatible Player Video Codec
Figure 4.7 shows that video codec of DIVX Compatible Player. Both client
and server do not play the video smoothly and the image is distorted. The different
content bitrate between server and client is 551.8kb/s.
27
4.3
Content Bitrate of Broadcasting Video
Table 4.2
Video codec for WMA-WMV (ASF)
Figure 4.8
Graph of Content Bitrate
Table 4.2 shows the video codec information from VLC Media player when
transmitting the video. The resolution of the video that is broadcasted is 680x480 and
the frame rate is 23.976073fps. Among the five video codecs that are use to
broadcast the video, WMA-WMV is the most suitable video codec because when
broadcasting the video, both client and server can play the video smoothly compared
to the other video codec. This is because when broadcasting the video, the computer
uses both using based on the window operating system.WMV format contains a large
28
quantity of video and audio information in smaller storage spaces. This makes WMV
an ideal format for streaming videos over the internet.WMV format is designed
specially to run on windows devices. Hence, it is compatible with all the windows
powered devices. Even some devices use WMV as the default audio/video format.
WMV is one of those formats. According to Microsoft, WMV has a 2x compression
ratio as compared to MPEG-4.
Table 4.2 shows input bit rate in average is 597 kb/s only for the server
because the server transmits the video content to the client. So the client only
receives the video and displays it. The demuxed data size for the server is 24364.2
KB and for the client receives the video content 2072.4KB. This shows that the
server is higher data size compare to the client. The content bitrate for the server is
289.8kb/s and for the client is 81.6kb/s. Client received the content bitrate smaller
than the server. Maybe this happens because when broadcasting the video, the optical
splitting up to 32 ONU and the client received smaller bit rate compared to the
server. Decoded (blocks) and displayed (frame) always increasing in one second. But
it only happens for the client because the only client received the video content.
4.4
Comparison GPON and Wireless
Table 4.3
GPON Vs Wireless
Table 4.3 shows that the differences between wireless and GPON technology
when broadcasting the video content using VLC Media player. This project
highlights on the content bitrate that is received by the client when broadcasting the
video. From the table, the percentage bit rate of GPON is higher than the percentage
29
of the wireless of the broadcasted video. Input bit rate for GPON is smaller because
the bandwidth from OLT is splitted up 32 ONU. It proves that GPON technology is
very suitable for video broadcasting because it higher bit rate received by the client
compare to the wireless. Additionally, wireless face many problems such as unstable
internet network connection for the server and client. GPON does not need an
internet network to broadcast the video, unless it needs to configure OLT and ONU
between client and server. GPON also can provide wireless network using fiber to
the radio frequency.
4.5
Summary
This chapter concludes that, the most suitable video codec for the video
broadcasting is WMV-WMA codec. It can transmit the video content through
internet network or without internet network. The content bitrate for WMV-WMA
for the server is 289.8 kb/s and for the client are 81.6kb/s. For comparison between
wireless and GPON, The GPON has higher content bit rate compared to the wireless
medium that is in average around 30.084%.
CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION
5.1
Conclusion
GPON configuration is found to be an ideal technology for video
broadcasting because it provides great bandwidth and high transmission data rate.
However, GPON technology require quite complex configuration before it can be
used to transmit the signal such voice, data and video. This is because the services at
ONU need to be distinguished in the configuration. Each port at OLT and ONU need
to be configured first before broadcasting a video. GPON is configured using
PUTTY software for connection setup.
In this study, the most suitable codec is WMV-WMA video codec using VLC
Media Player. It is because WMV-WMA can transmit the video at higher bandwidth
and suitable for streaming media compared to the other video codec. When
broadcasting the video, it is shows that WMV-WMA play better quality video at real
time and has smaller delay compared to the other video codec. Nevertheless, both
client and server can play the video nicely.
31
The comparison between wireless medium and GPON technology, GPON
has higher percentage bit rate compared to the wireless medium. Thus, GPON is
more suitable for video broadcasting. GPON is suitable for FTTH to provide a
network to the client. GPON also can transmit the signal up to 20 km length of the
fiber. On top of that, from the OLT, optical splitter that is located at the central office
can distribute up to 32 fiber. This shows that GPON can transmit the signal to many
clients from the optical splitter. From the ONU, wireless internet using radio
frequency to the fiber and ONU consists of four ports. Each port can have many
applications such as a computer and telephone.
5.2
Future work
The future work in this project may involve fiber length when broadcasting
the video such as 20 km and analyse the result between 5 m and 20 km. With longer
fiber distance of the fiber, the GPON is expected not to experience the higher bit rate
reduction because GPON requires higher bandwidth and longer distance to transmit
the signal to the client. Besides, to improve the quality of the video broadcasting,
different length of the video is suggested to observe the differences between shorter
and longer video content.
Furthermore, to broadcast the video it can be tested with an increasing the
number of ONUs and find the frame rate loss and packet loss when transmit the
signal from the server to the client. In addition, we can compare the GPON
technology with the conventional medium such as DSL that uses copper and wireless
medium and differentiate between the conventional medium and GPON by analysing
using delay, packet loss and data rate.
CHAPTER 6
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
6.1
Introduction
This chapter discusses on the flow of the project from beginning and end. The
progress of the project has been done based on the timing that stated on the Gantt
chart in the third chapter of this report. The initial start of the project is slower
because need to find suitable information before conducting this project.
6.2
Project Management
Initially, before starting this project, the literature must be done to find and
information that related to the GPON video broadcasting. Finding information
includes sources from the international journal, conferences and book. This project
uses mainly a journal as the main information source for the video broadcasting.
This, stage needs longer time to find information in five weeks to have good
understanding on the project carried out.
33
Secondly, after reviewing the journals that are related to the research project
the GPON hardware that is located at the laboratory is identified especially to learn
the functions of the GPON test-bed such as OLT, ONU, and Optical Splitter. After
that, the components that are needed for this project that are not available in the
laboratory are budget. This stage only needs two weeks to recognise GPON test bed.
Then, OLT and ONU are configured using PUTTY command to set up the ip
addresses. After setting up the GPON test bed, the video is broadcast using VLC
Media from the server to the client trough OLT and ONU. This process needs three
weeks to finish it because take the time to analyse the result that related to the video
broadcasting on GPON.
Lastly, preparation analyse the results and the presentation for ElectricElectronics Student Showcase (EESS). It takes one week to prepare for all of the
steps that have been conducted. After the exhibition, the report of the project has
been completed for three weeks to finish it.
34
6.3
Milestone
Table 6.1
Final Year Project 1
Table 6.2
Final Year Project 2
35
6.4
Budget of the Project
Table 6.3
Table 6.4
6.5
Project Cost
Project Budget
Conclusion
In conclusion, from this chapter, the total of the budget is RM 100064.00
because of the GPON test bed that is uses in this project. This GPON test bed is
expensive because is a new technology nowadays and not many institutes that have
it.It has advantage in communication system nowadays because it provides larger
bandwidth in addition more applications can be used when transmitting the signal.
36
REFERENCES
[1]
Z. Naiqain and Jin Libiao, “Design of GPON for digital video broadcast
signal transmission,” Project Of Communication University of China, IEEE
2009.
[2]
Sumanpreet and S Dewra, “A Review on Gigabit Passive Optical Network
(GPON)”, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and
Communication Engineering, Vol.3, Issue 3, March 2014.
[3]
H. Ikeda, Jun. Sugawa, Y. Ashi and K. Sakamoto, “High Definition IPTV
Broadcasting
Architecture
Over
Gigabit
Capable
Passive
Optical
Network”,IEEE GLOBECOM 2007.
[4]
S.Nikmanzar, A.G.Rahbar, S.M.IEEE and A. Ebrahimzadeh, “on Demand
Video Streaming Schemes Over Shared-WDM-PON,” IEEE Transactions On
Circuits And Systems For Video Technology, Vol. 23, No.9, September
2013.
[5]
W.Zhoqing, “Research on the Application of GPON Technologies,”
International Conference on Multimedia Signal Processing, 2011.
[6]
A.Azzazi, H. Abusaimeh and S.R. Masadeh, “Cpu Utilization For A Multiple
Video Streaming Over A Fiber Optic ATM-Network When Varying The
Quality Of Service,” Journal Of Emerging Trends In Computing And
Information Sciences, Vol.5, No. 3, March 2014.
[7]
J.Wang, C. Qiao, Y.Li, and K.Lu, “On Guanranteed VoD Services In Next
Generation Optical Access Network”, IEEE Journal On Selected Areas In
Communications, Vol. 28, No. 6, August 2010.
[8]
I.Cale, A. Salihovic, and M. Ivekovic, “Gigabit Passive Optical Network
(GPON)”, International Conference on Information Technology Interfaces,
June 2007.
37
[9]
S.Nikmanzar and A.G. Rahbar, “PBP: A Novel Video-On-Demand Delivery
Scheme Over Shared-WDM-PON”, 6th International Symposium on
Telecommunications, IEEE 2012.
[10]
Y.Qiu, and IEEE member, “Availability Estimation of FTTH Architectures
Based on GPON”, IEEE 2011.
[11]
A. Valenti, A. Rufini, S. Pompei, F. Matera, S. Di Bartolo, C.Da Ponte, D.Del
Buono and G. Tosi. Belefi, “QoE And QoS Comparison in an Anycast Digital
Television Platform Operating on Passive Optical Network”, IEEE 2012.
[12]
J.Choi, M. You and, B. Mukherjee, “Efficient Video on Demand Streaming
for Broadband Access Network,” J. OPT. COMMUN. NETW, Vol. 2. No. 1,
January 2010.
[13]
Y.W. Leung and T. K.C. Chan, “Design of An Interactive Video On Demand
System”, IEEE Transactions On Multimedia, Vol.5, No. 1, March 2003.
[14]
G.Bottger, M. Dreschmann, C. Klamouris, M. Hubner, M. Roger, A.W. Bett,
T. Kueny, J. Becker, W. Freude and J. Leuthold, “ An Optically Powered
Video Camera Link”, IEEE Photonic Technology Letters, Vol. 20, No. 1,
January 1, 2008.
[15]
J. F. Pozzuto, J. O. Tognolli Jr, L. Martins, M. A. B. Sanches and N.S. de A.
Chaves, “ Deployment of Ipv6 Testbed in a Research Network With GPON
Access Technology”, IEEE, 978-93-811-77-7 ISBN.
[16]
E. Weis, R. Hozel, D. Breuer and C. Langer, “GPON FTTH trial”, IEEE
2009.
[17]
L.Yang, Z. Guoping and L. Qing, “A Bandwidth Allocation Algorithm for
Reducing The Average Delay in GPON,” IEEE 2010.
[18]
H. A.M. Ramli, K. Candrasegaran, R. Basukala, R. Patachainand and T. S.
Afrin, “Video Streaming Performance Under Well-Known Packet Scheduling
Algorithm”, International Journal of Wireless & Mobile Network(IJWMN)
Vol. 3, No.1, February 2011.
[19]
A. Azzazi, H. Abusaimeh and S.R. Masadeh, “Cpu Utilization For A Multiple
Video Streaming Over Fiber Optic ATM- Network When Varying The
Quality Of Service”, Journal Of Emerging Trends In Computing and
Information Sciences, Vol.5,No.3, March 2014.
38
[20]
F.H.P. Fitzek and M. Reisslein, “Wireless Video Streaming With TCP and
Simultaneous MAC Packet Transmission (SMPT)”, International Journal of
Communication Systems, March 2004
39
APPENDIX A
PUTTY COMMAND LINE FOR OLT and ONU
S204> en
S204# sh run
Building configuration...
Current configuration:
!
! version 0.81
!
hostname S204
username ykwong4 passwd 8 $1$$GmbL3iXOMZR57QuGDLv.L1
username nadia passwd 8 $1$$0kyWhZZiv9RMhMhs/5R3l1
username sunahsakura passwd 8 $1$$GmbL3iXOMZR57QuGDLv.L1
username bocahanom passwd 8 $1$$ZoytBIZU4hyZc3ZG5CB5p1
username admin passwd 8 $1$$CoERg7ynjYLsj2j4glJ34.
username auwal passwd 8 $1$$hblYdxF0.bzTfoZAxmC7i/
username arnidza passwd 8 $1$$Gv0eDQezW6kR9NFNfTZvU.
!
gpon-onu-profile TPS
default disable
tcont 0
tcont 0 service data type type-0 cir 10 cir-fine 2 pir 1244 pir-fine 0
tcont 1
40
tcont 1 service data type type-0 cir 10 cir-fine 2 pir 1244 pir-fine 0
tcont 2
tcont 2 service data type type-0 cir 10 cir-fine 2 pir 1244 pir-fine 0
broadcast-gem-port
multicast-gem-port
gem-port 1 tcont 0
gem-port 2 tcont 1
gem-port 3 tcont 2
bridge 0 gem-port 1
bridge 0 gem-port 1 tag-filter mode h-vid-a
bridge 0 gem-port 1 tag-filter 10
bridge 0 uni-port 1
bridge 0 uni-port 2
bridge 0 uni-port 3
bridge 0 ip-host 2
bridge 0 ip-host 2 tag upstream add-tag 10 downstream as-is
bridge 0 broadcast-gem-port
bridge 1 gem-port 2
bridge 1 gem-port 2 tag-filter mode h-vid-a
bridge 1 gem-port 2 tag-filter 20
bridge 1 ip-host 3
bridge 1 ip-host 3 tag upstream add-tag 20 downstream as-is
bridge 1 broadcast-gem-port
bridge 2 gem-port 3
bridge 2 gem-port 3 tag-filter mode h-vid-a
bridge 2 gem-port 3 tag-filter 30
bridge 2 uni-port 4
bridge 2 broadcast-gem-port
bridge 2 multicast-gem-port
gem-port 1 ratelimit up cir 3000 pir 5000
uni-port 4 tag upstream add-tag 30 downstream strip-tag
aes-encryption
fec direction uplink
igmp
41
igmp bridge 2
uni-port 4 igmp permit-group-list 1 vlan-id 30 start-ip 224.1.1.1 end-ip 239.25
5.255.255
!
gpon-onu-profile openport1
default disable
tcont 0
tcont 0 service data type type-0 cir 10 cir-fine 2 pir 1244 pir-fine 0
tcont 1
tcont 1 service data type type-0 cir 10 cir-fine 2 pir 1244 pir-fine 0
tcont 2
tcont 2 service data type type-0 cir 10 cir-fine 2 pir 1244 pir-fine 0
broadcast-gem-port
multicast-gem-port
gem-port 1 tcont 0
gem-port 2 tcont 1
gem-port 3 tcont 2
bridge 0 gem-port 1
bridge 0 gem-port 1 tag-filter mode h-vid-a
bridge 0 gem-port 1 tag-filter 10
bridge 0 uni-port 1
bridge 0 ip-host 2
bridge 0 ip-host 2 tag upstream add-tag 10 downstream as-is
bridge 0 broadcast-gem-port
bridge 1 gem-port 2
bridge 1 gem-port 2 tag-filter mode h-vid-a
bridge 1 gem-port 2 tag-filter 40
bridge 1 uni-port 4
bridge 1 broadcast-gem-port
bridge 1 multicast-gem-port
bridge 2 gem-port 3
bridge 2 gem-port 3 tag-filter mode h-vid-a
bridge 2 gem-port 3 tag-filter 30
bridge 2 uni-port 3
42
bridge 2 broadcast-gem-port
bridge 2 multicast-gem-port
uni-port 3 tag upstream add-tag 30 downstream strip-tag
uni-port 4 tag upstream add-tag 40 downstream strip-tag
aes-encryption
fec direction uplink
igmp
igmp bridge 2
uni-port 3 igmp permit-group-list 1 vlan-id 30 start-ip 224.1.1.1 end-ip 239.0.
0.25
!
system fan enable 33 25
system temperature enable 90 80
!
port tengigabitethernet 1/1-2 flowctl on
port tengigabitethernet 1/1-2 duplex full
!
vlan id 1,10,20,30,40
vlan id 10 port gigabitethernet 2/1
vlan id 40 port gigabitethernet 2/4
dot1q port gpon 3/1 tag 10,20,30,40
dot1q port gpon 3/2 tag 10,20,30,40
dot1q port gpon 3/3 tag 10,20,30,40
dot1q port gpon 3/4 tag 10,20,30,40
!
interface management
ip address 10.10.0.11/20
ip arp timeout 90
!
interface vlan id 10
description Internet
ip address 10.61.240.2/23
ip proxy-arp mode bridge
ip dhcp server
43
dhcp address-pool local v10
!
interface vlan id 20
description VOIP
ip address 20.1.1.254/24
ip proxy-arp mode bridge
ip dhcp server
dhcp address-pool local v20
!
interface vlan id 30
description IPTV
ip address 30.1.1.254/24
!
interface vlan id 40
description test
ip address 40.0.0.1/24
ip proxy-arp mode bridge
ip dhcp server
dhcp address-pool local v40
!
ip http server
ip route default 10.61.240.1
!
ip igmp snoop
ip igmp snoop mrouter type static
ip igmp snoop bypass
ip igmp snoop general-query
ip igmp snoop vlan id 10,20,30
ip igmp snoop fast-leave vlan id 30
ip igmp snoop proxy-ip 30.1.1.253 vlan id 30
!
line vty 0 10
!
no ntp
44
!
ip pool v20
network 20.1.1.0/24
ip range dhcp 20.1.1.1 20.1.1.253
ip dhcp leasetime 3600
ip dhcp default-gateway 20.1.1.254
!
ip pool v10
network 10.61.240.0/23
ip range dhcp 10.61.240.3 10.61.240.6
ip dhcp leasetime 3600
ip dhcp dns-server 8.8.8.8
ip dhcp default-gateway 10.61.240.2
!
ip pool v40
network 40.0.0.0/24
ip range dhcp 40.0.0.100 40.0.0.200
ip dhcp leasetime 3600
ip dhcp default-gateway 40.0.0.1
!
!End