“A model of a thing is the thing itself. That`s a basic axiom of magic.”
Transcription
“A model of a thing is the thing itself. That`s a basic axiom of magic.”
Oz Fritz On a beautiful day in early March, Oz Fritz Tell me about starting out. Did you go to recording school? showed up at the door of New, Improved I did go to recording school. I’ll give you a real brief Recording - a studio I co-own in Oakland, synopsis of my history - I got really interested in California. He had been hired by multimanipulating audio when I was eleven years old. My instrumentalist/singer Mark Growden to cofriend and I recorded “Revolution 9” from the [Beatles’] produce and engineer Mark’s new record Saint White Album onto a cassette tape, which were fairly new Judas. I was pretty nervous. This was the guy in 1969, and then we took it apart and flipped it around that recorded and mixed Tom Waits’ Mule so we could hear it play backwards. It was an incredibly Variations, Blood Money and Alice, has been Bill spooky experience. After high school I started doing live Laswell’s right-hand man for two decades, and sound. I did that for four years in the Western Canadian has worked with Wanda Jackson, Iggy Pop and bar band circuit and got to the top of where I could go. the Ramones. The man that showed up on my I went to New York on a visit and really loved it there, so I tried to find a reason to go back. I discovered the doorstep that day surprised me - Oz Fritz is as Institute of Audio Research, and I went there for a year, unassuming as they come despite all the great in 1983. I went back to Canada, couldn’t find work in things he has accomplished, and I was studios there, went back to New York two years later and immediately at ease talking with him and started out as an intern at a studio called Platinum helping him get set up. He walked into the Island, that was an up-and-coming, state-of-the-art control room with only his trusty Peavey Kosmos studio that eventually rivaled The Power Station, which Pro and a very practical attitude towards the was the studio of the time. Then, after a couple of years task at hand, which was to capture the sound of working there as a staff engineer, Bill Laswell came in Mark’s sextet performing their songs live. Luckily he was looking for an alternative to the Power Station, he had time to sit down with me one morning where he normally worked. We hit it off and when I went for breakfast to talk about Meat Loaf live freelance not long after, my first few years were as his full-time engineer at his studio that he opened up in albums, quantum physics, magical battles and Green Point [Brooklyn]. recording music that can’t be recorded. by Eli Crews Photo by John Baccigaluppi “A model of a thing is the thing itself. That’s a basic axiom of magic.” That was the late ‘80s? I started as an intern in 1987, went with Bill Laswell in 1989 and went freelance in ’89-’90. From your school experience through being an intern, an assistant and finally a staff engineer, was there a particular methodology that you feel you learned? Well, there’s a pedigree. The great thing about working at a commercial New York studio is that you work with all kinds of well-known producers and engineers in different types of music. I sort of aligned myself mostly with the people from The Power Station. My main engineer-teacher was Jason Corsaro, and his pedigree was The Power Station and Bob Clearmountain. I learned how to get big drum room sounds from Jason and Tom Edmonds, who started out working with Todd Rundgren up in Woodstock. Roger Moutenot [issue #20] passed on the lineage of another top New York studio called Skyline. I learned a great technique from Roger when he recorded Caetano Veloso singing and playing acoustic guitar. He placed a [Neumann] FET 47 at about the level of his chin angled toward his mouth. The rejection side of its pick-up pattern was facing the guitar to minimize guitar bleed. Some months later I used the same technique for recording the Turkish saz player, Talip Özkan. His album, The Dark Fire, was an early successful recording for me. I learned how they did things at the Hit Factory from Robert Musso and Bruce Tergeson. But back to Jason Corsaro - when I did live sound, it was predictable that every drummer would come up and tell you, “I want my drums to sound like John Bonham, Led Zeppelin,” except at one point a drummer came up to me and said, “I want my drums to sound like the drums from Power Station,” and it was my friend Jason who came up with that sound. It was such an incredible sound that when John Bonham died one of the drummers they were thinking of getting was the drummer in Power Station - they tried him out and he wasn’t that great. Because it wasn’t his playing that was so awesome - it was the sound that Jason got. You’re talking about Robert Palmer’s band, Power Station? Yeah. They were called Power Station because they worked at the studio a lot. You’re saying that sound was more tied to the engineer than to the studio if he worked somewhere else he’d get a similar sound? He was a unique engineer and he never got the same sound twice, but yeah, he would stretch the box in that way and get sort of breakthrough sounding records. I worked with him as an assistant on the Swans’ Burning World and Ginger Baker’s Middle Passage. Does it create friction when a band asks you to get a specific sound, but you want to do something new? exactly (no one does) - to align myself with that. You work with a new band or producer, and there’s a little period where you’re finding out how to relate to each other, and what each other wants. When you develop a relationship where you’re working with the same producer over time like I have with Bill Laswell, he doesn’t have to tell me. I get the mix set up, he comes in and it’s already sort of how he wants it, but then he does the fine-tuning. It was like that with me for Tom Waits. I find after a while there gets to be almost a telepathic musical connection. You’re describing your role almost as a conduit, in service to the artist. aligned with how I approach things. It just works out that way, that I end up working with people like Mark. And the whole approach to making this record was his, partly based on budgetary limitations. Limitations aren’t necessarily a bad thing. Limitations are part of the parameters of your project and can be approached creatively, rather than feeling like it’s a detraction from the project. I try to keep it on that course. It’s funny, because Mark had an engineer who had requested being there, as an intern type of thing. I took a break and they started editing stuff and I come back, and all of a sudden they’re editing more and more. So I had to say, “Hey guys. Wait, we’re not doing it this way.” I’m not against editing, I just think it gets carried too far... you’ve got to use it cautiously. Exactly, but I’m not in service to the artist - well I am, but what I’m really in service to is the music. To me, music is a sacred thing - it’s the closest thing I have Are there any other projects you’re working on now or coming up that to a religion. When I worked in a studio in Madras, India with Bill Laswell, they treated their recording you’re excited about? studio like a temple. The only places you had to take A couple of festivals with Bill Laswell in the summer and the upcoming mix of Rupa & the April Fishes. I’m off your shoes in India were in the Hindu temples and currently working with Johnny Boyd, who had a band in the recording studio. called Indigo Swing, on his solo project. Wow! When you walked into this recording studio, which was You mentioned that about 75% of your work these days is at Prairie Sun [in a major one in that city, you walked through a little Sonoma County, CA]. Do you think lobby area and then a little anteroom before you got being away from a city can help in to the control room and the studio. In the anteroom the process of making a record? there was a huge Indian altar set up, and there was a woman whose sole job was to tend to that altar with I’ve found it helps, because it takes away some of the distractions that you get in the city. It tends to make all of its pictures of deities and flowers. Before we people more focused and concentrated on what actually started recording we did a little ritual to mark they’re doing. It’s my personal preference, but it’s not the beginning of the project. It was acknowledging something I set out to do. I got turned on to Prairie the sacredness of what we were doing. I try to honor Sun by Tom Waits - he wanted to work there so we that and serve that. In contrast, would you say the worked there. I don’t look for clients at all and I don’t have a manager - I have a lot of other stuff I do when reverence for the recording studio as I’m at home [in Grass Valley, CA]. It just happened an institution has diminished in that I developed a relationship with the owner of this culture? I really couldn’t answer that question. What I think has Prairie Sun [Mark “Mooka” Rennick]. We have a diminished with the advent of home recording mutual relationship in that he’ll recommend me to systems is that music has gone from something that clients and he uses me as a marketing device. you feel to something that you think about. I’ll try to Conversely I’ll bring my clients to Prairie Sun. I also explain that better - Robert Fripp wrote a series of do believe in the sound of Prairie Sun. It’s quality incredible articles for Musician magazine that stuff - not by default. influenced me a lot in the early ‘80s, and he talked In this climate the relationship about the three different aspects of a musician, what between the studio owner and he called the head, the heart and the hands. All three freelance engineer is important and aspects, in order to make great music, had to be has to be mutually beneficial. aligned and going to the same place. Nowadays with But you’re both interested in the same goal, which is Pro Tools you’re able to mainly go into your head and making great music. In the old days studio owners look at the waveform, and you’re doing things based were often disconnected from the process of on how you think it should sound, rather than how it recording, believe it or not. To them it was another feels. That’s what I observe a lot, and I think it’s a bit business, but instead of selling shoes they were of a tragedy that people over edit their music and try selling music production. Mooka is himself, like you to conform to some ideal, perfect standard, because are, a producer, engineer and musician. He knows to me it loses feeling. gear, he can relate to my needs and so he talks to me about what gear he would like to get. The relationship The project you’re working on right extends beyond us just getting clients - we talk about now at my studio with Mark Growden how we’d like to improve Prairie Sun. - you’re doing live band takes, almost exclusively live vocal takes, a Maybe because being a studio owner isn’t as lucrative as it used to be it’s minimum of overdubs, a minimum No, because I don’t have a particular thing I personally going to weed out people who aren’t of editing… am going for. What I’m trying to do is translate the doing it for the love of music. vision of the artist. I’m trying to be transparent - I’ve found, although I can’t prove it, that my respect for music has meant that the projects I get are usually I don’t know that it was ever a lucrative market. One of there is no “Oz Fritz sound”. I’m trying to tune in to musically great, like Mark’s music, and they are more the interesting classes I took at the Institute of Audio what they’re looking for - which they don’t really know Research was supposed to be a maintenance tech class, and it was given by a working, in-demand New York maintenance tech - very street. His whole thing was, “I’m gonna tell you like it is.” He did a lecture (and this is in 1983) on how all studio owners are crazy because they’re never going to get caught up on their overhead, because they’re constantly having to update their gear. Even on a smaller scale we’re always playing catch-up. But I don’t think you can generalize about the whole industry. There are studio owners who have a great deal of integrity and I’ve been meeting them more and more. Are there any benefits of working in smaller studios? Every performance is affected by the environment it’s in. Smaller places can be more intimate and bring about a different, perhaps closer, chemistry amongst the musicians. Obviously there’s a lot more to it than size. Smaller places have to take care that the spaces stay clean and don’t get cluttered with non-essentials. You’ve done a huge amount of live sound. I’ve always tried to keep in mind that doing live sound is about facilitating an experience that all of these people are sharing together, and that’s the payoff. There doesn’t have to be a plastic disc at the end for it to be valid. The payoff is in the moment, however that moment can be recorded. I try to record all of my shows. I’ve got a pretty good collection of interesting bootlegs of Bill Laswell’s bands: Praxis, Massacre, Tabla Beat Science, Material, etc. or may not be going on while you’re doing that. to L.A. and worked with The Eagles, and he was the Another thing I recommend that has nothing to do guy up there. I hung out with them in the studio and with music is to watch Marx Brothers movies because it was such a tedious, boring thing that I swore I they really get you thinking outside of the box. But would never, ever become a studio engineer. [laughs] you asked about live versus the studio... I find they They would spend thirteen hours trying to get the complement each other a lot. Live sound gave me a basic tracks for one song. They would play it, and it lot of great ear training - trying to make bands sound would sound great to me, and this guy would go, good in horrible bars. You just learn a lot from doing “Well, it sounds really good, but in measure sixtyit, like how to EQ. You know, my internship in New three, on beat three, the hi-hat dipped a little bit in York at that time… if you got on with a big studio energy” - stuff like that. It turned out that they you could spend six months - and some people spent weren’t happy with it - it didn’t sound like the band. eighteen months - as an intern. It was just ridiculous! The next time when they recorded they had me do it I had an interview at The Hit Factory and they had me on a 2-track in a bar. I’d never recorded before and I waiting in the lobby for three hours to tell me, got a better sound. “Thanks. Don’t call us - we’ll call you.” When I got on Nice! at Platinum Island I was very fortunate - they were I swore I would never do it. Then a year or so after that up-and-coming and I only spent three months as an I put on this new record I had, My Life in the Bush of intern before I got thrown in as an assistant engineer. Ghosts by Brian Eno and David Byrne, and it just totally I was able to progress from there. transformed me. It was as strong an experience as hearing “Revolution 9” backwards all those years ago. People who are well established in their I realized there were things you could do in a studio field often talk about that moment that you could not do live, and it totally changed my where the perfect opportunity arose, perspective. Years later I ended up meeting Bill and they had the wherewithal to Laswell, and it turned out that Bill was the co-writer take advantage of it. and played [bass] on the first track of that album. There’s a lot of mystery to it. When you say “opportunity” you’re absolutely right - these There’s synchronicity and opportunity for you. opportunities happen. When I was doing live sound I was with the top band in the area, and they saved up Here’s another one - I was twelve, and there was a guy who was turning me on to music, because he had their money - $15,000 - which was a lot of money older hippie brothers and I didn’t. He told me about back in the early ‘80s, and went in to make their demo these magical musicians, the Master Musicians of recording that was going to get them their deal Jajouka - their music was so strong it could not be original songs - just a basic rock and roll band. They recorded. [The Rolling Stones’] Brian Jones had gone hired the top producer/engineer in Alberta, [Canada]. there and had made a recording. The recording was I’m not going to say his name, but he had been down What is the difference in the satisfaction you get out of doing live sound versus recording in a studio? To me, there’s less of a difference. Live you have less control. In the studio, to me, that’s also live music, because I’m there hearing it. One of the first records I did as an assistant was a Meat Loaf live record [Live at Wembley], and maybe I’ll get in trouble for saying this, but who cares? They recorded it live at Wembley [Arena], but they came into Platinum Island and basically overdubbed all the vocals... so is it a live album? Well, it was live for me. I was there! I saw them play, you know? [laughs] To me, that’s not taking away from it being a live album, it’s just playing with time. It’s different periods of time being pieced together. I think there are a lot of things you can bring into recording that are not directly related to music. If you read some of the theories of quantum physics, it can relate to the idea of creating performances by piecing together different stretches of time by cutting it up. If you take the example of recording a vocal - you record five takes of singing and then you make a comp - what you’re doing is taking different segments of time and putting them together. Also, if you think about when you’re turning the pot on a board, you’re manipulating electrons. You’re directly influencing the subatomic world. I think it helps to have some knowledge of what may Maybe it was a coincidence, but I said, “From now on, if people are having magical battles let’s make sure they don’t show up.” Working With and Learning from Oz Fritz by Bill Moriarty During the past several years I’ve had the good fortune of learning recording directly from producer/engineer Oz Fritz through phone conversations, assisting him on recording sessions and many, many emails. The main thing I’ve learned is that Oz’s working techniques (and favorite recording equipment) are far less important than his way of being. When you meet Oz he’s kind, intense and always paying attention. He’s also really funny, which I didn’t expect. When you’re with him he’s fully present and awake. If you’ve never been near someone like this it can be unsettling. He does not pass time idly, doesn’t chitchat and doesn’t get bored. He smiles a lot, tells bad/good jokes, drinks tea nearly constantly and always has a book open in front of him. Repeatedly, Oz encouraged me to be present and work in service of the music. He taught me that when mixing I should be aware that I’m creating one sound wave. He sees a mix not as a number of instruments playing simultaneously, but as one force working together. Oz also sees music as a sacred entity, and when working with it the speakers should be viewed as portals to another dimension, not just paper moving in boxes. You’re communicating directly with music as a living being. It bothers Oz when the artist approves a mix, goes home and then the next day wants to change it. “The mix didn’t change, they did!” He’s present and knows the mix is correct in the moment. Most people are not so constantly aware, and so their perceptions change. Before learning from Oz, I used to approach projects with an intellectual notion of how it was going to turn out or what philosophical message the mix would send. I assumed Oz worked this way and when I was struggling to decide between working in a realism/documentary style versus a more fantastic style, I asked which he used and received this response: “I’ve never thought about documentary style versus fantastic, and certainly have never consciously approached recording with one method over the other. I just try to do the best job I can, try not to impose too many expectations, but let the music be what it is. When mixing I try to work intuitively more than intellectually and look for that feeling of musicality beyond any concept.” Oz also has achieved that state some engineers miss a balanced life. He has a family, he’s a painter and writer, he’s active in his community and says recording is “just one thing I do.” r okay, but when he had gone to mix it he was trying to recreate the experience he heard in his head, not document their sound. It was very phased and flanged - it wasn’t an authentic document of their sound. Ornette Coleman was very influenced by their music he took a recording crew four or five years after that, in the early ‘70s, to their village in Jajouka, and he made a recording. For some reason, it didn’t turn out, I don’t know why - there is a lot of really strong hash in that area, so who knows? I heard this story when I was a kid. Flash-forward years later, I’ve just flown to Japan with Bill Laswell - it’s my first time in Japan. I know he had been approached by the Master Musicians of Jajouka to record them and the engineer, Billy Yodelman, bowed out and all of a sudden I was the engineer. Here’s this thing I’m hearing about at twelve years old, that it can’t be done, and there I am doing it. [laughs] Well, can it be done? Yeah, we did it! We did a record. Do you want to talk more about recording “World Music”? I always feel like that has to be in quotes. of his friends has a farm outside of the city so we’ll go out there. We’ve done stuff in the city inside people’s living rooms. It’s wherever we can find it. We’ll scout it out in advance to find out if it will work. Then we have to figure out if we have to bring a generator or if they have electricity we can use. But there are engineers over there and there are studios. It’s hard to communicate how it is over there, but for them, magic - phenomena that exist outside of what we consider rational experience - for them it exists over there. One of the people we were recording, he’s called a donso, and they use music to change things - to create rain, or to create a more fortunate hunt. There are specific songs that are for the hunt, or to drive evil spirits out of someone who’s psychotic. This one - he’s a master. We went over to his place, which was an honor. It was an unexpected and rare thing to be invited to his home, but it wasn’t a house like we think of it. In one of his areas he’s got a live crocodile, and he says that’s his power. And this guy’s an incredible musician - he’s the guy we’re recording! He had an apprentice who’s an incredible musician, a good kora player and singer. These two were having difficulties with each other - the teacher felt that the student was using his talent for personal gain too much. That he was using it to pick up women, and stuff like that - which he was. They had this disagreement, and they were having what I was told was a magical battle with each other. It’s a European/American-centric view. I’ve had a gig for the last three or four years field recording music in the West African country of Mali. It’s so refreshing to get out of the model of music as something that has to be a business - [something] you do because you’re trying to become famous or rich. Over there the people are very, very poor. Mali is one of the three poorest countries in the world, but the people over there seem to be, generally speaking, happier than the people here. Mali is one of those areas that’s just so rich in music, which is why my friend Aja Salvatore started this label, Kanaga System Krush. He doesn’t have a lot of money - he was a musician himself who had gone over there to study African music - but he just realized that there’s so much music there that can be recorded fairly cheaply if you have Pro Tools and some mics. They call themselves a Fair Trade label, which means they’re trying to give back to the musicians as much as they give. But the musicians Wow! over there, there’s no hope of them becoming famous We’re in the studio and they had decided to try some - they just do it for different reasons. We were outside lighting system to help with the videotaping, an of their main city in what used to be the capital of a electrician had to come, etc. We were recording the huge empire four or five hundred years ago. This is teacher, and the student showed up for no clear where a lot of the old-style drumming originated. reason - he had no business being there. The These old-school guys were playing, and I was electricity in the studio, not long after, freaked out in recording it, and you go into a trance - it’s like that a way I had never seen before. Forty-eight volts was thing where you’re outside of your identity of who you going across everything. All this electricity had fried are and your problems and all that, and you’re just out our Pro Tools, and it totally destroyed two [AKG] connecting to something on a deep level. So, after we 414s and a [Neumann] KM84. We were still able to did this, and everyone had this experience, this one record, but it totally shut down the electricity there. drummer was running around saying this phrase in Maybe it was a coincidence, but I said, “From now on, Bamana, their native language, and they told me he if people are having magical battles let’s make sure was saying, “music is medicine, music is medicine.” they don’t show up.” It’s medicine of the spirit over there in Mali - that’s Speaking of magical battles, what can sort of how they get by. you tell me about working with Tom Sacred Travels Oz has also made his own record, entitled All Around the World. It is an audio document of sacred spaces, capturing their acoustic and consciousness-altering properties. It is also the creation of new ambient spaces and new realities through audio collage, juxtaposition and cut-up techniques. -EC When you’re on location in another country, do you record them in the spaces they usually play in or do you create an environment that’s more controlled? We’ve tried working in a studio, and there is a studio in Mali that’s not too bad, for Africa. But we generally look for a suitable location. It’s very low budget, so [Aja]’s not renting spaces. A lot of it is outdoors. One Waits? Well, I need to respect his privacy because he doesn’t like people talking about his recording style. But I have learned a lot from him, and there are some general things I can say. There are three producers and musicians that I have worked with that have influenced me more than others: Bill Laswell, Tom Waits and someone named E.J. Gold, who’s not really in the music industry. He’s a visual artist but he has a recording studio in Grass Valley, so I work with him when I’m at home. All three of those I consider masters - a cut above ordinary people in their abilities. Tom Waits is like a Zen master. You really have to pay attention to what he’s doing and really be on your toes - be prepared to record at any time. Working with Tom completely got me outside of my box, if “the box” is what you call your beliefs about What I’ve Learned From Oz * Treat yourself, the music, everyone involved and the studio with respect and reverence like you would a temple. * Train yourself to be fully present, awake and aware during sessions. Experiment and learn techniques that will wake you up if your mind drifts. * Pay attention to your diet. Sluggish food means a sluggish mind. * Use the absolute best recording equipment available. * Be open-minded to what works and is effective, not just what you think will work. * Bring new things to the sessions to break up the patterns and add variety, such as books, paintings, jokes, toys. * Practice, practice, practice. * Remember - you are making one sound wave. Gear and Workflow I took note of these while working with Oz: * Try to work on outstanding, well-maintained equipment. * Mix on an analog console - “It sounds better.” * Both 2” tape and Pro Tools have their appropriate uses. * Oz would spend a long while getting the whole mix together and then write automation quickly in the final couple of passes, but stresses automation isn’t necessary - “Two of my most celebrated records were done without automation.” * He likes to have a full day to mix a song, but I saw him mix three songs in a day once. * Oz prefers analog effects to “get away from the linearity of digital.” He used a Fulltone Tube Tape Echo and a couple of spring reverbs. * Oz re-amps a lot. I saw this in two ways - 1. PA speaker blasting and two room mics recording this to a stereo track. 2. Small tube amp breaking up and close mic’ed to add grit to a vocal. -compiled by Bill Moriarty how to do things. Jason Corsaro was completely outside of the box of how you’re supposed to do stuff. Then Tom Waits… I had a bigger box, but I broke outside of that working with him. I had this notion that you learn in New York - that you always make the sound as nice, as beautiful and as big as possible. I hadn’t been turned on to the potential musicality of lo-fi sound, and that was a big thing that I learned from working with Tom. All three of those people that I mentioned have one thing in common, which is that they really like to record almost before you’re prepared. “Do it before you start thinking about it.” That gets back to what I told you about the head, the heart and the hands. The head wants to think and figure things out, especially for a person that’s intellectually inclined. And so if you do it so fast, before you’re ready, you’ve just got to do it. It’s like doing live sound in a way. It’s like the limitation thing you were talking about earlier. I got asked to do a record Tom Waits was producing with John Hammond, Jr., the blues singer, and they ended up deciding that he was going to do all Tom Waits’ songs. The album was called Wicked Grin. We were working at a studio called Alpha & Omega. I don’t know if it still exists - it was owned by Sandy Pearlman, who produced Blue Öyster Cult. It was in San Rafael and the studio had great vintage gear and a nice-sounding room, but it was incredibly poorly maintained. I got there at eleven for a session that was supposed to start at one. Because of all the problems we encountered I wasn’t ready on time. Fortunately for me Tom had gone away with his family and had gotten snowed in on the way back, so he was running really late too. The whole band was there - setting up and ready to go. By five or six I still wasn’t ready, the band was itching to go and Tom had shown up, and they’re playing and Tom says, “Just start recording. Wherever you’re at, just start recording.” I started recording. Larry Taylor was on bass and Stephen Hodges on drums - two guys that often play with Tom. Tom had brought an incredible keyboard player named Augie Meyers, who had played with Bob Dylan and had been in the Sir Douglas Quintet. These guys just had an instant, immediate chemistry. I hit record and they were playing, and the first thing that they did ended up being the first song on the record. r You can contact him at ozfritz@hotmail.com Eli Crews runs New, Improved Recording in Oakland, CA, www.elicrews.com, www.newimprovedrecording.com Bill Moriarty, www.moriartyrecording.com