2013_04 RTD Denver Vintage Rolling Stock Report

RTD Vintage Rolling Stock
Historic Research and Documentation
Denver, Colorado
April 2013
RegionalTransportationDistrictVintageRollingStock
HistoricResearchandDocumentation
Denver,Colorado
Preparedfor
RegionalTransportationDistrict,Colorado
Preparedby
TerriAsendorf,MSHP
JacobsEngineering
2705BeeCaveRoad,Suite300
Austin,TX78746
April,2013
1 CoverpagephotoofDTCStreetcar,Courtesy,HistoryColorado(Scan#10045061)
Tableof Contents
Introduction...............................................................................................................................................................................3
DocumentationandReportMethodology.....................................................................................................................3
RTDVintageRollingStockHistoricContext.................................................................................................................3
DenverTramway’sBigYellows.........................................................................................................................................7
DenverTramwayElectricTrolleys................................................................................................................................11
MackBusses.............................................................................................................................................................................14
BritishBristolLodekkaDouble‐DeckerBus...............................................................................................................16
OpportunitiesforPreservationandReuse.................................................................................................................18
Bibliography............................................................................................................................................................................19
ListofFigures
Figure1:Driversinfrontofstreetcars,circa1920.Courtesy,HistoryColorado(Scan#10041590). ................ 4 Figure2:Electrictrolleycarno.48at13thandCurtis.PhotocourtesyofJamesKunkle. ................................. 5 Figure3:Carno.117atRTDstoragefacility. .................................................................................................. 7 Figure4:Centerentranceoncarno.117. ........................................................................................................ 8 Figure5:PhotocourtesyofJamesKunkle. ..................................................................................................... 9 Figure6:PhotocourtesyofJamesKunkleshowinginteriorofcar117. ........................................................... 9 Figure7:Car329inRTDstoragewarehouse. ............................................................................................... 10 Figure8:Interiorofcar329indisrepair. ...................................................................................................... 10 Figure9:DenverTramwayElectricTrolleyCar519instorageatRTD. ........................................................ 11 Figure10:Car519. ....................................................................................................................................... 12 Figure11:Car519circa1970. ...................................................................................................................... 12 Figure12:Busno.553parkedatRTDstoragefacility. .................................................................................. 13 Figure13:Busno.553. ................................................................................................................................. 13 Figure14:Bus132instorageatRTDwarehouse. ......................................................................................... 14 Figure15:Mackbusno.140instorageatRTDwarehouse. ........................................................................... 15 Figure16:JamesKunkledrivingMackbusno138,similartono.140,in1973. ............................................. 15 Figure17:BritishDouble‐DeckerBus. .......................................................................................................... 16 Figure18:BritishDouble‐DeckerBus. .......................................................................................................... 17 Figure19:AphotoofKDL413inservice,dateunknown. ............................................................................. 17
2 Introduction
TheRegionalTransportationDistrict(RTD)wascreatedin1969bytheColoradoGeneralAssembly
toprovideeightcountiesinthegreaterDenverareawithbusandlightrailtransit.Theagency’s
historyisintegrallylinkedtoDenver’seconomicandphysicaldevelopment,anditsvintagerolling
stockisaniconicrepresentationofthathistory.Overthepastfewdecades,RTDhasacquiredseven
vintagetrolleycarsandbusesthatarecurrentlystoredattheWestonDistrictmaintenanceand
storagefacility.TheinventoryconsistsoftwoDenverTramwayStreetcars(nos.117and329),two
DenverElectricTrolleyBuses(nos.519and553),aBritishBristolDouble‐deckerBus,andtwo
Mackbuses(nos.132and140).
Withnolong‐termplanforuseorrestorationofthestoredvehicles,aconstrainedbudget,and
limitedRTDstoragespace,theoptionofdisposalbecameimminent.Inviewofthese
circumstances,thePikesPeakHistoricalStreetRailwayFoundationhasinitiatedinterestin
restoringanddisplayingthevehicles;theRTDBoardofDirectorsisevaluatingdonatingthestockto
thefoundationforthesepurposes.Thisreportservesasdocumentationofthehistoryoftheseven
vintagevehiclesremaininginRTD’sinventory.
DocumentationandReportMethodology
Tounderstandandconveythesignificanceofthevintagerollingstock,ahistoriccontextwas
developedwithinwhichtheRTDanditsvintagevehiclescouldbeunderstood.Historiccontexts
provideaframeworkforidentifyingandevaluatinghistoricresourcesthroughthefocused
explanationofimportantaspectsofgeography,history,andculturewhichsignificantlyshapethe
developmentofacommunity’sorregion’slandusepatternsandbuiltenvironmentovertime.
Aliteraturereviewwasconductedtobeginestablishingthehistoriccontextfortheagencyandits
vintagevehicles.InformationwasobtainedfromtheRTD,DenverTramwayHeritageSociety,the
ColoradoOfficeofArcheologyandHistoricPreservation’s(OAHP)Compassdatabase,archivesat
HistoryColoradoandtheWesternHistoricandGenealogyRoomattheDenverPublicLibrary,and
historicnewspaperdatabases.
Afteracontextwasdeveloped,fieldworkwasconductedincludingphotographicandwritten
documentationofRTD’svintagehistoricrollingstockresources.Historicphotographs,schematics,
newspaperarticles,andotherrelevantdocumentationwerecompiled.Onemajorresearchgapwas
identifiedduringtheresearchanddocumentationprocess:primaryresourceswerenotidentified
fortheBritishdouble‐deckerbus.AninterviewwithaformerRTDemployeelentsomeinsightinto
thisparticularvehicle,asdocumentedbelow,andsecondaryresourceshelpedcompletethehistory;
however,furtherinterviewswithadditionalRTDemployees/retireescouldprovebeneficialin
fillinginidentifiedgaps.
RTDVintageRollingStockHistoricContext
ThestoryofRTD’svintagerollingstockisthestoryoftransportationinDenverbeginningwith
cableoperation,convertingtoelectricity,andfinallytransitioningtogasolinepower.Theentire
DenverstreetcarrailwaysystemhasbeendeterminedofficiallyeligibleforinclusionintheNational
RegisterofHistoricPlaces(NRHP)(sitenumber5DV.9217‐DenverStreetCar/Tramway)under
CriterionA.TheDenverstreetcarrailwaysystemplayedanextremelyimportantroleintheearly
3 transportationhistoryofDenverasitfacilitatedthedevelopmentoftheurbancenterandof
suburbanneighborhoodsbyallowingresidentsaninexpensivewaytotravel.
In1871,theDenverCityRailwayCompanybeganprovidinghorse‐drawnstreetcarsfor
transportation.Around1890,afterenoughtrackshadbeenlaid,thecompanybeganoperating
cablecar(alsocalledstreetcar)service.Meanwhile,acompetinggroupcalledtheDenverTramway
Company(DTC)formedtoofferadditionalanimal‐andcable‐poweredcars,andalsobegan
studyingelectric‐poweredtransportation.Milesoftrackswerelaidbybothcompaniesduringthis
time.By1900,theDTCbeganconvertingitscablelinestoelectricoperationusingtheoverhead
trolleysystem,andin1901theTramwayPowerfacilityopenedtobeginoperation.When
electrificationwascompleted,cablecarsbecamesurplus.Somewereconvertedforelectric
operationandthosethatwerenotwereburnedtosalvagemetalparts.
Figure 1: Drivers in front of streetcars, circa 1920. Courtesy, History Colorado (Scan #10041590).
In1893,GeneralElectricintroducedacontrolmechanismforstreetcarsknownasthetype‐K
controller,whichsogreatlyimprovedtheelectriccarthatmostAmericancitieswithcablesystems
convertedtoelectricitywithinthefirstfouryearsofavailability.DTCwasoneofthefirstfirmsto
electrify(Hilton1967,48).Eventually,theDTCconsolidatedwithitsrivalcompaniesandformed
theDenverCityTramwayCompany,whichnowownedtheentire156milesofcityrailwaysystem.
Thestreetcarsinheritedthecablecar’s3’6”gauge.TheSouthBroadwaylinewasthefirst
electrifiedtrolleycarlinetooperateinDenver.ItcontinuedinoperationfromDecember1889to
June1950.In1909,DTCpurchasedtheDenverandIntermountainRailroadandconverteditfrom
steamtoelectricpower,providinganotherroutetoGolden,Colo.(onehadalreadybeen
4 established)aswellasabranchlinetoBarnum(Lusky1968).Peakperformancefortheelectric
streetcarswasduringtheperiodbetweenWWIandtheendofWWII.
In1919busesslowlybeganservice.Streetcarswerereplacedwithtrolleycoaches(busesoperated
byoverheadelectriclines)andthecarswereinoperationbyJune1,1940.Thirty‐sixtrolley
coachesreplacedstreetcarsonfourimportantlinesandshowedrevenuegainsoftwentypercent.
Morewereorderedthrough1942
(http://www.trolleybuses.net/den/htm/usa_h_den_misc_ad_ob_trolleycoachesfit_194507_bt.htm).
Figure 2: Electric trolley car no. 48 at 13th and Curtis, en route through downtown. Photo courtesy of James Kunkle. AfterWWII,personalautomobilesalesincreaseddramatically,andin1950streetcarservice—both
cableandelectric—ended.Trackswerecoveredunderasphalttoconvertroutestoautomobileand
bustrafficuse(JacobsEngineering2008).InJune1950theDTCcompletedtheconversionfromrail
torubber‐tiretransitwiththepurchaseofapproximately450trolleycoaches,dieselmotorcoaches
andgasolinebuses.Thereasonsformovingto“rubbertransit”werethattrolleycoachesprovided
curbsidestops;thesystemrelievedtrafficcongestionbecauseofthegreatermaneuverabilityofthe
equipment;andthecoacheswerequieteringeneral.Theseelectricbuses,whichdidnotrequire
tracks,operateduntil1955,whentheDTCannouncedthatdieselbuseswouldreplaceallelectric
coaches(Jones,McKeever,Wagner,andForrest1965),reasonsforwhichincludedlowercosts
associatedwithdieselvehicles,andalsotheconversionofseveralmajordowntownstreetstoone‐
way.
5 In1971remnantsoftheDTCweresoldtotheCityofDenver,andin1974theRegional
TransportationDistrict(RTD)wascreated.In1994lightrailbeganservice.Allthatremainsofthe
DenverTramwayrailsystemisthestandardgaugelineoftheone‐timeDenverandIntermountain
RailroadtotheDenverFederalCenternearLakewood.Thislineiscurrentlyunderconstructionto
serveasthenewlightrailWestline.
TimelineofStreetcarServiceinDenver
(adaptedfromwww.denverstrreetcars.net/history.htm):
1871–HorsedrawnstreetcarsareimplementedbytheDenver
HorseRailroadCompany
1886–DenverElectricandCableCompanymergedwiththeDenver
HorseRailroadCompany(nowtheDenverRailwayAssociation)to
becometheDenverTramwayCompany
1889–Horsedrawnstreetcarsendservice
1890–DenverTramwayCompanybeginscablecarservice
1899–TheDenverCityTramwayCompanywasincorporatedto
consolidatetheDenverCityTractionCompanyandtheDenver
ConsolidatedTramwayCompany
1900–Lastcablecarconvertedtoelectrictrolley
1901–TramwayPowerfacilityopens
1919–Busesbeginservice
1929–DenverTramwaybuysoutstart‐upbuscompanies
1945–WWIIendsandpersonalautomobilesalesincrease
dramatically
1950–Streetcarserviceends
1971–RemnantsofDenverTramwayCompanysoldtotheCityof
Denver
1974–RegionalTransportationDistrictcreated
1994–Lightrailbeginsservice
6 DenverTramway’sBigYellows
DenverTramwayStreetcarswerebuiltintheearlytwentiethcenturyaftertheconversionfrom
cabletoelectricityandoftencalled“bigyellows”.Thesecarsrodeontracks,likerailroadandcable
cars,butwereoperatedwithelectricityviaapoleconnectedtoelectricoverheadlines.Manywere
furnishedwithrattanseating;acopyofAsU‐Go,publishedbytheDTC,wasslippedintotheblack
containersofthestreetcarinteriors,providingtransitinformation.Peakperformanceforthe
electricstreetcarwasduringtheperiodbetweenWWIandtheendofWWII.OperationendedJune
4,1950(Lusky1968).
WhiletheDTCbuiltsomeofitsstreetcars,mostwerebuiltbytheWoeberCarriageCompanyof
Denver(“WoeberBrothers”)whichwasfoundedinIowain1853.In1867,aWoeberBros.shop
wasopenedinDenveron11thStreet.Between1898and1913,WoeberbuiltallofDenver’s
streetcars(http://www.midcontinent.org/rollingstock/builders/woeberbros.htm).
Woeberwasresponsiblefortheinventionoftheuniquecenter‐entranceelectrictrolley,whereby
twosingle‐truckbodiesweremergedononedouble‐truckframe.Theprocessinvolvedmounting
thebodyofasingle‐truckclosedstreetcarononeendofa39‐footframeandthebodyofasingle‐
truckopenstreetcarontheother.Acenterentrancewasconstructedbetweenthetwo.Using
single‐truckcarsthatwereoutdated,butnotinoperable,solvedtheproblemoffinancingnewer,
larger,andexpensivedouble‐truckcars.Thesecenter‐entrancecarsrodeonapairofBrill27‐
GeneralElectric(GE)motortrucks.Someoperatedaslateas1920
(http://www.midcontinent.org/rollingstock/builders/woeberbros.htm).Laterthesecarswere
fullyenclosed(Jones,McKeever,WagnerandForrest1965).
Figure 3: Car no. 117 at RTD storage facility. 7 Figure 4: Center entrance on car no. 117. TwoexamplesofDenverTramway’sstreetcarsfromtheperiodaftertheconversionfromcableto
electricityarelocatedatanRTDstoragefacility‐‐streetcarsNo.117and239.Carno.117wasbuilt
in1911byWoeberBros.(RobertsonandForrest2010)atWestColoradoAve.andSouthBannock
Street(Figures3through6).ItwasaDenverTramwayCity(DTC)carwitha47‐passenger
capacity,weighing38,300lbs(Jones,McKeever,Wagner,andForrest1965).Itisanarrowgauge,
doubletruckcarwithfourK36Gcontroller–Ktypeengines.Thesewereadirectdrumtype
controllerwiththevoltagepassingdirectlythroughcopperandbrassfingerspressingagainsta
rotatingdrum;K‐36controllerswereusuallyusedwithInterpoletractionmotors.The117hasa
GE58motorwith37.5horsepower,weighing2,225lbsandaBrill27Gtruckwitha4’0”wheel
base.Itwasatwo‐mancar,withamotormanupfrontandaconductorinthemiddle.Thecar
couldseat47,butwouldallowfor90withstandingroom.Seatsweremadeofstationaryrattanand
oakslat.Theroofwasamonitorroof,withwindowsoneithersideoftheroofline.Carwindows
featureddropsashes.Otherspecificsincludeatotalhorsepowerof150;agearratioof1:3.94;track
gaugeof3’‐6”;andTypeA1Form2Tomlinsoncouplers(RobertsonandForrest2010).
ThecarrantheEnglewoodroutewhichtravelledalongSouthBroadwayAvenue(two‐mancars
werelimitedtoBroadwayAvenue).Itwassoldin1947toaprivateownerwhouseditasafishing
cabin,andthenin1975wasdonatedtoJamesE.Kunkle,aformerRTDemployeeandRTDhistorian.
Kunkle,inturn,donatedthecarbacktoRTD,andbroughtittotheAlamedaDivisionforrestoration
forthenexttwoyears.Kunklerestoredthebustomintcondition,seekingoutoveronehundred
abandonedtrolleycarsaroundColoradotogatherseatsandothermaterialsforCarno.117.Itwas
pulledforthenextfiveyearsindowntownparades.AccordingtoKunkle,earlierdirectorsofRTD
promisedhimtheywouldplacethecarinsidethenewRTDHeadquartersbuildingat1600Blake
StreetandthenplaceitinthenewCivicCenterbuildingatColfaxandBroadway–neitherofwhich
happened.Thecariscurrentlyinpoorcondition.
8 Figure 5: Photo courtesy of James Kunkle Lakewood on Parade featuring Car 117 with retired DTC families on board, pulled by RTD pickup truck. James Kunkle at door, circa 1980, after restoration. Figure 6: Photo courtesy of James Kunkle showing interior of car 117 while in storage at the Burkhart Steel Building at South Broadway and Kentucky Street before the Broadway Light Rail Station was built. 9 Car#329wasbuiltin1910,alsobyWoeberBros.,withacapacityof47andweighing35,350lbs.It
hastwoK35BcontrollerengineswhichoperatedthesameastheK36Gabove.IthasaGE218A
motorwith60horsepower,weighing3,000lbs,andaBrill27GE1truckwitha4’6”wheelbase.It
wasasingle‐end,center‐entranceP.A.Y.E.(pay‐as‐you‐enter),PassengerMoterandtravelledthe
narrow‐gaugecityroute,whichcouldbedifferenteveryday.Itwassoldforscrapbetween1949
and1950(RobertsonandForrest2010).Thecarisinverypoorcondition.
Figure 7: Car 329 in RTD storage warehouse.
Figure 8: Interior of car 329 in disrepair.
10 DenverTramwayElectricTrolleys
Electrictrolleys(alsocalled“trolleycoaches”and“tracklesstrolleys”)wereahybridofrubber‐tire
operationandelectricoverheadoperation.In1930,thenumberoftrolleycarsinuseintheUnited
Statestripledfrom58to174(Brill2001).OperationbeganbytheDTConJune1,1940when36
trolleycoachesreplacedstreetcarsonfourimportantlinesandshowedrevenuegainsof20per
cent.Morewereorderedthrough1942
(http://www.trolleybuses.net/den/htm/usa_h_den_misc_ad_ob_trolleycoachesfit_194507_bt.htm).
“Rubbertransit”providedcurbsidestops;asystemwhichrelievedtrafficcongestionbecauseofthe
greatermaneuverabilityoftheequipment;andaquietersystemingeneral.AccordingtoJones,
McKeever,Wagner,andForrest,theelectrictrolleycoacheswerethebackboneoftheroutesafter
thestreetcarsendedserviceandwerebusydayandnightwithstandingroomonlyontripstoand
fromdowntown.
TheRDThastwooftherubber‐tiretrolleycoachesinstorage.Trolleycoachno.519wasaBrill‐
Westinghouse(WH),modelno.44SMT(44‐seatcapacity)builtin1940.Likestreetcarno.117,this
trolleycarwasrestoredbyJamesKunkleandistheonlyoneleftintactfromtheDenverfleetthat
wasinservicefromApril1940‐1955.ItwasplacedondisplayattheDenverUnionStationfor
TransportationWeekalongwiththeDTCtrolleycar117.
Trolleycoachnos.501to592(including510and553)operatedoutoftheCentralDivisionand
wereusedforthefollowingroutes:Route5–BerkeleytoSouthGaylord;Route11–E.11thAve.to
W.29thAve.;Route13–E.13thAve.toW.39thAve.;Route28–E.28thAve.toW.44thAve.;and
Route40–ParkHill.Theelectricbuseswereputoutofcirculationbydieselbusesin1950.
Figure 9: Denver Tramway Electric Trolley Car 519 in storage at RTD. 11 Figure 10: Car 519. Figure 11: Car 519 circa 1970. 12 Trolleycoachno.553wasaBrill‐GE,modelno.44SMT,builtin1942.J.G.BrillCompanywasan
AmericanmanufacturerofstreetcarsandbusesfoundedbyJohnGeorgeBrillin1868asahorsecar
manufacturingfirminPhiladelphia,Penn.ItmergedwiththeAmericanCarandFoundryCompany
in1944tobecomeACF‐Brillandceasedproductionin1954(Brill2001).Thecompanyproduced
over45,000streetcars,motorbuses,trolleybuses,andrailroadcars. Figure 12: Bus no. 553 parked at RTD storage facility.
Figure 13: Bus no. 553. 13 MackBusses
InfortyoddyearsofDTCbusoperation,inexcessof1,000differentbuseshavebeenoperated.
MackisanAmericantruck,bus,andtrolleybusmanufacturingcompanyfoundedin1900in
Macungie,Penn.,whereallMackproductsaremade(thecompanyhasassemblyplantsin
Pennsylvania,Maryland,Australia,andVenezuela).Mackwasoneofthefirstmanufacturersto
mountacabdirectlyovertheengine,whichincreaseddrivervisibilityandmaneuverability,
particularlyoncrowdedcitystreets(“MackHistory”).ThefirstMackbuswasbuiltin1900,
orderedbyasightseeingcompany.In1934,productionofelectrictrolleycoachbusesbegan,
endingin1943withatotalofonly290built,Portland,Oregonbeingthebiggestcustomer(“Mack
Trucks”).
Mackbusproductionbeganinthelate1920sandendedin1960,producingover22,000units
(Eckhart2000).Busesweretypicallyrununtiltheirusefullifewascompleteandthenscrapped;
relativelyfewhavebeenrestoredorpreserved(Eckhart2000);however,theRTDhastwoMack
bussesinstorage.Mackbuses132and140wereC‐47‐DTmodelsbuiltin1959(Forrest1969,15)
withaseatingcapacityof45,alengthof35feetandawidthof102inches.AccordingtoKunkle,
Bus140servedasaninformationandpromotionalbuswhenRTDtookoverDenverMetroTransit
in1975.Thebuswasemptiedofitsseatsandinstalledwithracksforbrochures,schedules,and
otherRTDinformation.Thedriverwouldtakeittopark‐n‐ridestationsandservecoffeeand
doughnutstocustomers.Onlyseniordriverswereabletooperatethisroute. Figure 14: Bus 132 in storage at RTD warehouse. 14 Figure 15: Mack bus no. 140 in storage at RTD warehouse. Figure 16: James Kunkle driving Mack bus no 138, similar to no. 140, in 1973. 15 BritishBristolLodekkaDouble‐DeckerBus
TheBristolLodekkawasalow‐heightdouble‐deckerbusbuiltbyBristolCommercialVehiclesof
England.Thisbuswasarevolutionarydesignbecauseofitslowfloor.Alowchassisdesign
removedtheneedforastepupfromcurbleveltotheentranceplatform.Thisallowedforan
overalllowerheight at around 13 ft 6 in compared to a typical height of around 14 ft 6 in for a conventional highbridge double‐decker.Bristolmanufacturedover5,200Lodekkasbetween1949
and1968.Thesebusseswereonlyavailabletonationalizedbuscompanies.
TheRDTstoresaBristolLodekkaLD(lowdecker)serieswithchassisnumberLD6G100127,body
serialno.ECW7067Series2,andaGardner6LWengine(http://bcv.robsly.com/lodsvocl.html).It
featuresthetraditionalrearentranceandhalfcab
(http://classicbristolbuses.thornet.co.uk/lodekka.htm.)Itappearstohavebeenbuiltin1954and
waspartoftheSouthernVectisOmnibusCompanyfleetwhichservedontheIsleofWightin
England.In1976itwassoldordonatedtogovernmentinWilliamsburg,VA,foruseinbicentenary
celebrations.Around1987,thebuswasparkedatDenver’s16thStreetShoppingMallandusedas
the“TicketBus”fortheaterandtransportticketsandasatouristinformationbureau.Finally,in
1998,theRTDprocuredthebus,havingbeenabandonedbyitspreviousowners,andparkeditat
thecurrentstoragefacility(http://bcv.robsly.com/lodsvocl.htm).
Noprimaryorresourceswereidentifiedforthisvehicle,butJamesKunkle(2012)confirmedthat
thebuswasnotpartoftheRTDsystemandwasownedbyaprivatetouringcompanythattook
customersaroundLamarSquare.
Figure 17: British Double‐Decker Bus.
16 Figure 18: British Double‐Decker Bus.
Figure 19: A photo of KDL 413 in service, date unknown. Photo courtesy of http://na.ebid.net/for‐sale/photograph‐
southern‐vectis‐kdl‐25363398.htm#pic 17 OpportunitiesforPreservationandReuse
Thevintagerollingstockdescribedanddocumentedinthisreportcomprisesanimportantpieceof
transportationhistoryfortheRTDandthecityofDenver.ItisaniconicrepresentationofDenver’s
economicandphysicaldevelopmentoverfivedecadesbeginningin1910,whenDenverTramway
ElectricStreetcarNo.329wasbuilt,andstretchingto1959,whenMackBuses132and140were
built.TheRTDBoardofDirectorsiscurrentlyevaluatingoptionsforthepreservationandreuseof
thevehicles,includingtheoptionofdonatingthemtothePikesPeakHistoricalStreetRailway
Foundation.
AllsevenofthevehiclesstoredattheRTDWestonDistrictmaintenanceandstoragefacilityhave
suffereddamagetotheirinteriorsandexteriorsfromweatherandyearsofneglect.Therestoration
ofthevehicleswouldimpedefurtherdeteriorationandalsoallowforpotentialuseina
museum/educationalsetting.RegardlessoftheBoard’sdecisiontomoveforwardwithrestoration
ofthevehiclesviathePikesPeakFoundationorsomeotherentity,thevehiclesshouldbestored
suchthattheyareprotectedfromweatherdamageandcanreceiveregularmaintenance.Further
researchshouldbedoneontheBritishDouble‐Deckerbuswhichwasprivately‐owned.
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