BAVIAANS SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK 2014

Transcription

BAVIAANS SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK 2014 - 2020
8 May 2015
Document Approval
By signing below all acknowledge that they have read this document and are satisfied with the contents
herein;
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................. 3
2
PARTICIPATION ................................................................................................................. 4
3
LEGISLATION OVERVIEW ................................................................................................... 5
4
SPATIAL ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................. 8
10.1
Willowmore Spatial Budget ................................................................................................................ 69
10.2
Willowmore Spatial Plan .................................................................................................................... 69
11
STEYTLERVILLE SPATIAL PLANNING............................................................................. 73
11.1
Steytlerville Spatial Budget ................................................................................................................. 73
11.2
Steytlerville Spatial Plan ..................................................................................................................... 73
12
RIETBRON SPATIAL PLANNING .................................................................................... 76
12.1
Rietbron Spatial Budget ...................................................................................................................... 76
5
SURROUNDING SDF ALIGNMENT .................................................................................... 56
12.2
Rietbron Spatial Plan .......................................................................................................................... 76
6
SECTOR PLANS ................................................................................................................ 57
13
CONCLUSION AND IMPLEMENTATION........................................................................ 78
7
THE BAVIAANS SDF SPATIAL VISION ................................................................................ 58
14
BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................................................................................ 79
8
SPATIAL GOALS ............................................................................................................... 58
9
MUNICIPAL SPATIAL FRAMEWORK PLAN ........................................................................ 60
9.1
Biodiversity ........................................................................................................................................ 60
9.2
Agriculture ......................................................................................................................................... 61
9.3
Settlements ....................................................................................................................................... 61
9.4
Settlement Order and Function .......................................................................................................... 62
9.5
Economic Activity............................................................................................................................... 67
9.6
Social Facilities ................................................................................................................................... 67
9.7
Baviaanskloof Human Settlement....................................................................................................... 67
10
WILLOWMORE SPATIAL PLANNING ............................................................................. 69
MAPS
Map 1: Average Annual Rainfall ......................................................................................................................... 9
Map 2: Winter Minimum Temperature............................................................................................................... 9
Map 3: Summer Maximum Temperature ............................................................................................................ 9
Map 4: Soils ..................................................................................................................................................... 11
Map 5: Hillshade .............................................................................................................................................. 12
Map 6: Vegetation Types.................................................................................................................................. 13
Map 7: biomes ................................................................................................................................................. 14
Map 8: Ground Water ...................................................................................................................................... 15
Map 9: Aquatic Biodiversity ............................................................................................................................. 16
Map 10: Terrestrial Biodiversity ....................................................................................................................... 17
Map 11: Agriculture ......................................................................................................................................... 18
Map 12: Biophysical Synopsis ........................................................................................................................... 19
Map 13: Economic Activity ............................................................................................................................... 22
Map 14: Social Facilities ................................................................................................................................... 23
Map 15: Municipal Land Ownership ................................................................................................................. 24
Map 16: Socio-Economic Synopsis .................................................................................................................... 25
Map 17: Municipal Boundary Change ............................................................................................................... 26
Map 18: Broad Land Cover ............................................................................................................................... 29
Map 19: World Heritage Site ............................................................................................................................ 31
Map 20: Bulk Water Resources......................................................................................................................... 31
Map 21: Infrastructure Map ............................................................................................................................. 34
Map 22: Human Settlement Pattern ................................................................................................................. 37
Map 23: Ownership Willowmore ...................................................................................................................... 40
Map 24: Willowmore Zoning Map .................................................................................................................... 43
Map 25: Willowmore Spatial Synopsis .............................................................................................................. 44
Map 26: Steytlerville Ownership ...................................................................................................................... 47
Map 27: Steytlerville Zoning Map ..................................................................................................................... 49
Map 28: Steytlerville Spatial synopsis ............................................................................................................... 50
Map 29: Rietbron Spatial Synopsis. .................................................................................................................. 53
Map 30: Municipal Spatial Framework Plan ...................................................................................................... 68
Figure 1: Willowmore Human Settlement Areas ............................................................................................... 69
Figure 2: Human Settlement Areas ................................................................................................................... 73
ANNEXURES
Annexure A: HSP Housing Programme Summary
Annexure B: Implementation Framework
80
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TABLES
Table 1: Access to Water
Table 2: Access to Sanitation
Table 3: SBM Solid Waste Site Assessment
Table 4: Public Transport Facilities
Table 5: Population Distribution (2011)
Table 6: Housing demand per income group
Table 7: Housing and Land Demand Summary
Table 8: 5 Year Housing and Land Demand Summary
Table 9: Willowmore Housing Projects (HSP)
Table 10: Willowmore IDP Projects
Table 11: Willowmore Social Facilities Assessment
Table 12: Steytlerville Housing Projects (HSP)
Table 13: Steytlerville IDP Projects
Table 14: Steytlerville Community Facilities
Table 15: Rietbron IDP Projects
Table 16: Rietbron Social Facility Assessment
Table 17: Sector Plans
Table 18: SPC: Core 1 and 2
Table 19: SPC: Settlement
Table 20: SPC: Buffer and Intensive Agriculture
Table 21: Settlement Order and Function
Table 22: SPC Land USe Management Guidelines
Table 23: Willowmore Spatial Budget
Table 24: Steytlerville Spatial Budget
Table 25: Rietbron Spatial Budget
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51
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57
60
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1 INTRODUCTION
This report sets out the framework within which the Baviaans Municipality will undertake spatial planning for the
next five years. It records the participation process followed, identifies the key spatial issues, sets out the
Municipality’s Spatial Vision and establishes an implementation framework to achieve the Vision .
KEY SPATIAL INTERVENTIONS
CONCRETE ROAD UPGRADE -Upgrading of the concrete section of R329
between Willowmore and Steytlerville to a tarred surface
SPATIAL VISION
A municipality where the integrated and efficient settlements of
Willowmore, Steytlerville and Rietbron provide residents with equitable
access to basic services, housing and social facilities within a region where a
growing tourism and agricultural economy, based on the sustainable use of
the arid region/karoo resources as well as the Baviaanskloof World Heritage
Site, provides economic opportunities for all.
SPATIAL ISSUES
The spatial issues relevant to the municipality have been identified:
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Land use management and capacity to mainstream spatial planning
A human settlement strategy and hierarchy (where should scarce resources be
allocated and investment made)
The need for a Dedicated Baviaanskloof Regional Development Strategy (The
identification of a human settlement focal point)
Land provision for services and facilities
Human settlement demand and supply within Willowmore, Steytlerville and Rietbron
Commonage development planning (The identification of a commonage land as well as
the possible identification of additional areas)
Land reform and acquisition
Transportation route upgrading
Nature reserve expansion
Climate Change Adaption (Identify the areas that will be susceptible to the effects of
climate change as well as those areas which could assist to mitigate these effects.
Agriculture and heritage resource protection
Integration and compaction of urban areas to effectively eradicate the legacy of
apartheid spatial planning.
FARM WANHOOP PURCHASE -Purchasing of the Farm Wanhoop in order to
secure the long term sustainability of Water Supply to Willowmore
BAVIAANSKLOOF HUMAN SETTLEMENT - Development and acceptance of a
human settlement development process and plan for the western part of
the Baviaanskloof.
POVERTY ALEVIATION - Implementation of the “Path out of poverty”
initiatives being implemented in Rietbron - Including the upgrading of
Road MR611/R306.
GRAVEL ROAD MAINTENACE- Maintenance of the gravel road network.
GROUND WATER PROTECTION - Protect the ground water resources
particularly in the west and north west.
KEY REQUIREMENTS
Bulk Services Upgrading - Upgrading of the bulk services capacity to enable
human settlement development.
HOUSING BACKLOG - Accurate determination of the housing backlog and
‘real need’ for housing.
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2 PARTICIPATION
The participation processes undertaken have been aligned the closing stages of the 2014 IDP process as well as
with the starting stages of the 2015 IDP process.
2.1 PHASE 1 PARTICIPATION
This phase introduced the project to the public and other stakeholders, invited registration as interested and
affected parties and request the identification of spatial issues that should be taken into account in the
formulation of the SDF.
2.2.2 DRAFT DOCUMENT AVAILABILITY
An electronic version of the document was made available on both the Setplan and Baviaans Municipality
Websites. The municipality distributed hardcopies of the document to the Ward Councillors. Hardcopies of the
document were also made available for public viewing at the following venues:
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Willowmore Library,
Steytlerville Library,
Rietbron Library,
Baviaanskloof Library
Municipal Offices (at Reception)
2.1.1 NEWSPAPER NOTICES
2.2.3 OPEN DAYS
The SDF process was introduced to the public by means of a newspaper advert that was placed in the Advertiser
on 8 May 2014. The advert set out the public meeting dates and made it known that the SDF project had
commenced and that comment could be submitted. DP process Integration
Open Days were held, where the proposals contained in the Draft document were displayed and residents were
afforded the opportunity to discuss or comment thereon. Members of the Project Team, together with
representatives of the Municipality were in attendance.
A Background Information Document(BID) which included a comment sheet and a request to register as an
Interested and Affected Party was made available at the IDP/Budget feedback sessions.
2.1.2 IDP PUBLIC MEETINGS
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10 February 2015 – Rietbron Community Hall: 17h00.
11 February 2015 – Willowmore Town Hall: 18h00
17 February 2015 – Saaimanshoek School Hall: 17h00
18 February 2015 – Steytlerville Town Hall: 17:00
The SDF process was discussed at the following IDP meetings as follows:
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15 May 2014 Steytlerville Town Hall 18h00
19 May 2014 Vuyolwethu Community Hall, Steytlerville 18h00
20 May 2014 Hillview Library, Willowmore 18h00
21 May 2014 Rietbron Community Hall 18h00
26 May 2014 Willowmore Town Hall 18h00
27 May 2014 Saaimanshoek, Baviaanskloof 18h00
2.1.3 SECTOR DEPARTMENT INVOLVEMENT
The IDP Representative Forum has been accepted as being the forum through which the sector departments
would be engaged. In addition to this individual consultations were held with some of the key departments,
including East Cape Parks, Department of Agriculture (Baviaans Office).
2.2 PHASE 2 PARTICIPATION
This phase made the draft SDF document available for comment.
2.2.1 PUBLIC N OTICE:
A notice setting out the background to the project as well as the request for comment or input for all interested
parties was placed in public places and on municipal notice boards within the study area. Notices were placed in
the Die Advertiser on 23 January 2015 and email notification was sent to registered Interested and Affected
Parties. The closing day for comment was 27 February 2015.
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3 LEGISLATION OVERVIEW
3.1 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA, 1996
The Constitution is the supreme law of the land. The Bill of Rights enshrines the rights of all people in our country
and affirms the democratic values of human dignity, equality and freedom.
 Section 24: Everyone has the right to an environment which is not harmful to their health or well-being.
 Section 26. (1): Everyone has the right to have access to adequate housing.
 Section 152 spells out the objectives of local government as insuring access to at least basic services and
facilitating economic development within a framework of financial sustainability.
3.2 THE NATIONAL SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE (NSDP)
(2006)
The National Spatial Development Perspective (NSDP), adopted in 2005, establishes a spatial framework for
allocating public investment to different parts of the country in such a manner that the greatest measure of
benefits could be obtained from such investment. This is done through an in-depth understanding of the national
space economy. Key points include:
 Economic growth is a prerequisite for the achievement of poverty alleviation.
 Government has a constitutional obligation to provide basic services to all citizens wherever they reside.
 Beyond basic services, government spending on fixed investment should be focused on localities of economic
growth and/or economic potential.
 In localities with low demonstrated economic potential, government should, beyond the provision of basic
services, concentrate primarily on human capital development.
 Future settlement and economic development opportunities should be channelled into activity corridors and
nodes.
3.3 NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (2030)
The National Development Plan for 2030 (2011) puts forward three scenarios to create approximately 11 million
jobs by 2030, and reduce unemployment to about 6% by 2030. The first scenario is a baseline scenario, the
second is a solid minerals scenario, and the third is a scenario that aims to create a diversified dynamic economy.
The third scenario, which is the preferred scenario, aims to attract more substantial investments in strengthening
municipal infrastructure and services, education systems, and generate better access to capital for new and
expanding firms.
The NDP accentuates the need for poverty and inequality reduction, through putting in place the fundamental
incentives and policy directives needed to grasp opportunities such as education and public transport, and to
broaden opportunities through specific business incentives. Communal farming, tenure security, education and
skills development, as well as improved levels of accessibility through public transport are all emphasized as key
strategies to transform urban as well as rural spaces. It accepts the need to support centres of competitiveness,
but also argues for unlocking potentials in lagging regions.
The Plan sets out 3 key targets relating to human settlement:
1.
More people living closer to their places of work
2.
Better quality public transport
3.
More jobs in or close to dense urban townships
As well as the associated actions required in achieving these goals:
 Clear strategy for densification of cities through land-use planning. Stop building houses on poorly located
land and shift greater resources to informal settlement upgrading, provided that they are in areas close to
jobs.
 Massive investment to ensure safe, reliable and affordable public transport
 Provide incentives to move jobs to dense townships
 Focused strategy on the housing gap market, involving banks, subsidies and employer housing schemes. In
particular, taking steps to ensure that women are not discriminated against in terms of home ownership and
financing.
The commission proposes a differentiated rural development strategy:
 “Agricultural development based on successful land reform, employment creation and strong environmental
safeguards. To achieve this, irrigated agriculture and dry land production should be expanded, beginning with
smallholder farmers where possible.
 Quality basic services, particularly education, health care and public transport. Well-functioning and
supported communities will enable people to develop the capabilities to seek economic opportunities. This
will enable people to contribute to developing their communities through remittances and the transfer of
skills, which will contribute to the local economy.
 In areas with greater economic potential, industries such as agro-processing, tourism, fisheries and small
enterprise development should be developed.”
The Plan calls for the recognition of the role informal settlements play in the housing economy as well as for the
enhancement of existing national programmes for informal settlement upgrading. The NDP proposes the
development of legal instruments to regularize informal settlements through the use of special zones in land-use
management schemes for example. Community organizations must also be encouraged and funding
arrangements must ensure that resources are channelled into public infrastructure, facilities and spaces and not
just into housing.
With regard to climate change adaption the Plan notes that that the strengthening of the nation’s resilience
needs to be “South Africa’s primary approach. This would involve decreasing poverty and inequality by enhancing
the levels of education, health care, employment, skills development and enhancing ecosystems integrity’’.
3.4 MUNICIPAL SYSTEMS ACT (ACT 32
OF 2000)
Chapter 5 provides for the preparation of IDPs:
 S26(e) lists an SDF as a core component of an IDP and requires that the SDF provides basic guidelines for a
municipal land use management system
 S24(1) requires that municipalities should align their planning with national and provincial planning, as well as
those of affected municipalities
 S27 requires a district municipality to adopt a framework for integrated development planning that is
binding to the local and district municipality.
 This framework should:
 identify relevant national and provincial legislation,
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 identify matters that require alignment between local and district planning specify principles to be applied
 determine procedures for coordination and amendment of the framework
3.8 NATIONAL HERITAGE RESOURCES ACT (25 OF 1999)
3.5 LOCAL GOVERNMENT: MUNICIPAL PLANNING AND PERFORMANCE
MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS (GN R796 OF 2001)
The National Heritage Resources Act (Act 25 of 1999 - NHRA) introduced an integrated system for the
identification, protection and management of heritage resources nationally, provincially and at municipal level.
The Act establishes a legal obligation on those involved in rural land use planning and management to give
attention to, and respond to, heritage considerations both at site and landscape levels. These obligations are
addressed later in this document.
S2(4) requires that an SDF should:
 give effect to the DFA principles;
 set out objectives that reflect the desired spatial form of the municipality; contain strategies and policies to
achieve the objectives and which should indicate desired patterns of land use;
 address the spatial reconstruction;
 provide strategic guidance regarding the location and nature of development; set out basic guidelines for a
land use management system in the municipality; set out a capital investment framework for the
municipality's development programs;
 contain a strategic assessment of the environmental impact of the SDF;
 identify programs and projects for the development of land within the municipality;
 be aligned with the spatial development frameworks reflected in the integrated development plans of
neighbouring municipalities; and
 provide a plan of the desired spatial form of the municipality, which should: indicate where public and
private land development and infrastructure investment should take place;
 indicate desired or undesired utilisation of space in a particular area; delineate an urban edge;
 identify areas for strategic intervention; and
 indicate priority spending areas.
3.6 DEVELOPMENT FACILITATION ACT, 1995
 Promote the integration of social, economic, institutional and physical aspects of land development.
 Promote integrated land development in rural and urban areas in support of each other.
 Promote the availability of residential and employment opportunities in close proximity to or integrated with
each other.
 Optimise the use of existing resources relating to agriculture, land, minerals, bulk infrastructure, roads,
transportation and social facilities.
 Promote a diverse combination of land uses, also at the level of individual erven or subdivisions of land.
 Discourage the phenomenon of urban sprawl in urban areas and contribute to the development of more
compact towns and cities.
 Contribute to the correction of historically distorted spatial patterns of settlement in the Republic and to the
optimum use of existing infrastructure in excess of current needs.
 Encourage environmentally sustainable land development practices and processes.
3.7 NATIONAL WATER ACT (36 OF 1998)
The National Water Act (Act 36 of 1998 as amended – NWA) is founded on the principles of sustainable use of
water for the benefit of all users. To these ends the NWA puts in place measures for the integrated management
of all aspects of water resources by water catchment management agencies. The Act and subsequent policy has
significant impacts on rural areas as water is the critical component to rural development and water availability
plays an important role in regional differences. Close collaboration is therefore needed between provincial and
local government and the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry when considering rural development
proposals.
3.9 MUNICIPAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ACT (56 OF 2003)
To secure sound and sustainable management of Municipal financial affairs, and in particular the management
and disposal of public assets, particularly land.
3.10 SUBDIVISION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND ACT 70 OF 1970
Application Regulations regarding the subdivision of agricultural land for development within a municipality:
Subject to the provisions of section 2 a Surveyor-General shall only approve a general plan or diagram relating to
a subdivision of agricultural land
 (d) any subdivision of any land in connection with which a surveyor has completed the relevant survey and has
submitted the relevant sub-divisional diagram and survey records for examination and approval to the
surveyor-general concerned prior to the commencement of this Act.‖
 and a Registrar of Deeds shall only register the vesting of an undivided share in agricultural land referred to in
section 3 (b), or a part of any such share referred to in section 3 (c), or a lease referred to in section 3 (d) or, if
applicable, a right referred to in section 3 (e) in respect of a portion of agricultural land, if the written consent
of the Minister in terms of this Act has been submitted to him.
 no undivided share in agricultural land not already held by any person, shall vest in any person;
 no part of any undivided share in agricultural land shall vest in any person, if such part is not already held by
any person;
 no lease in respect of a portion of agricultural land of which the period is 10 years or longer, or is the natural
life of the lessee or any other person mentioned in the lease, or which is renewable from time to time at the
will of the lessee, either by the continuation of the original lease or by entering into a new lease, indefinitely
or for periods which together with the first period of the lease amount in all to not less than 10 years, shall be
entered into;
 no portion of agricultural land, whether surveyed or not, and whether there is any building thereon or not,
shall be sold or advertised for sale, except for the purposes of a mine as defined in section 1 of the Mines and
Works Act, 1956 (Act 27 of 1956); and
 no right to such portion shall be sold or granted for a period of more than 10 years or for the natural life of
any person or to the same person for periods aggregating more than 10 years, or advertised for sale or with a
view to any such granting, except for the purposes of a mine as defined in section 1 of the Mines and Works
Act, 1956;[Para. (e) substituted by s. 2 of Act 12 of 1979 and by s. 2 (1) (a) of Act 33 of 1984.]
3.11 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACT NO.107 OF 1998
Establishes principles for decision-making on matters affecting the environment.
 Development must be socially, environmentally and economically sustainable.
 Equal access to environmental resources, benefits and services to meet basic human needs.
 The utmost caution should be used when permission for new development is granted
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3.12 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROTECTED AREAS
ACT, 2003 (ACT 57 OF 2003)
Provide for the protection and conservation of ecologically viable areas representative of South Africa’s biological
diversity and its natural landscapes and seascapes. Of particular importance for spatial planning is the fact that
the Act (Chapter 2) makes provision for a System of Protected Areas in South Africa. These include nature
reserves, wilderness areas, protected environment, world heritage sites, forest areas and mountain catchment
areas.
3.13 THE NATIONAL LAND TRANSPORT ACT, 2009 (ACT 5 OF 2009)
The purpose of the act is to provide for the transformation and restructuring of the national land transport
system of the country. Chapter 4 of the Act sets out general principles for transport planning and its relationship
with land use and development planning.
“Land transport planning must be integrated with the land development and land use planning processes, and
the integrated transport plans required by this Act are designed to give structure to the function of municipal
planning mentioned in Part B of Schedule 4 to the Constitution, and must be accommodated in and form an
essential part of integrated development plans, with due regard to legislation applicable to local government,
and its integrated transport plan must form the transport component of the integrated development plan of the
municipality.”
3.14 NATIONAL HOUSING ACT, 1997 (ACT NO. 107 OF 1997)
To provide for the facilitation of a sustainable housing development process and to lay down general principles
applicable to housing development.
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Prioritise the housing needs of the poor.
Provide as wide a choice of housing and tenure options as is reasonably possible.
Be economically, fiscally, socially, and financially affordable and sustainable.
Be based on integrated development planning.
Consider and address the impact on the environment.
Socially and economically viable communities.
Safe and healthy living conditions.
Racial, social, economic, and physical integration in urban and rural areas.
Effective functioning of the housing market and level playing fields.
Higher densities and the economical utilisation of land and services.
Community and recreational facilities in residential areas.
3.15 THE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE
HUMAN SETTLEMENTS (BREAKING NEW GROUND) (BNG) (2004)
 A mix of safe and secure housing and tenure types.
Reliable and affordable basic services, educational, entertainment, health, welfare and police services within a
multi-purpose cluster concept. Compact, mixed land use, diverse, life-enhancing environments with maximum
possibilities for pedestrian movement and transit.
 Low-income housing in close proximity to areas of opportunity.
 Integrated, functional and environmentally sustainable human settlements, towns, and cities.
3.16 COMPREHENSIVE RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME, 2009
(CRDP)
The strategic objective of the CRDP is to achieve social cohesion and development among rural communities.
 Coordinated and integrated broad based agrarian transformation
 An improved land reform programme
 Strategic investments in economic and social infrastructure.
Rietbron has been included as a focus area of the CRDP.
3.17 SPATIAL PLANNING AND LAND USE MANAGEMENT ACT (NO 16 OF
2013)
The Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act, Act 16 of 2013 (SPLUMA) was approved by the National
Assembly on 5 August 2013. This Act seeks to:
 provide a framework for spatial planning and land use management in the Republic;
 to specify the relationship between the spatial planning and the land use management system and other kinds
of planning;
 to provide for the inclusive, developmental, equitable and efficient spatial planning at the different spheres of
the Government;
 to provide a framework for the monitoring, co-ordination and review of the spatial planning and land use
management system;
 to allow for policies, principles, norms and standards for spatial development planning and land use
management;
 to address past spatial and regulatory imbalances;
 to promote greater consistency and uniformity in the application procedures and decision-making by
authorities responsible for land use decisions and development applications;
 to provide for the establishment, functions and operations of Municipal Planning Tribunals; and
 to provide for the facilitation and enforcement of land use and development measures.
The Act identifies Municipalities as the primary land use regulators and requires district and local municipalities
to align their spatial development frameworks and land use schemes as required by the MSA.
This policy is fundamentally about the need to move away from a housing-only approach to a more holistic
development of human settlements, including the provision of social and economic infrastructure.
Sustainable Human Settlements comprise Safe and secure environments.
 Adequate access to economic opportunities.
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4 SPATIAL ANALYSIS
The spatial issues that had a direct impact on the formulation of the SDF have been identified from the .
outcomes of the participation phase and of an analysis of the available spatial information. In this regard the
Municipal IDP (2014) formed the key source document. The information is been grouped into three broad spatial
themes, being Built Environment, Socio-economic and Biophysical, which when combined create a
comprehensive spatial analysis. The key spatial elements of these three themes are addressed in the sections to
follow.
Spatial Issues:
Agriculture and heritage resource protection
A human settlement strategy and hierarchy (where should scarce
resources be allocated and investment made)
Land use management and capacity to mainstream spatial
planning
Land provision for services and facilities
Dedicated Baviaanskloof regional development strategy (The
identification of a human settlement focal point)
Human settlement demand and supply within Willowmore,
Steytlerville and Rietbron
Commonage development planning (The identification of a
commonage land as well as the possible identification of
additional areas)
Land reform and acquisition
Transportation route upgrading
Integration and compaction of urban areas to effectively
eradicate the legacy of apartheid spatial planning.
Climate Change Adaption (Identify the areas that will be
susceptible to the effects of climate change as well as those
areas which could assist to mitigate these effects.
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4.1 BIOPHYSICAL
This section of the report addresses the opportunities and constraints offered by the municipality’s natural
resources, including temperature, rainfall, biodiversity (terrestrial and aquatic) topography, vegetation and the
agricultural resource.
4.1.1 CLIMATE
The Municipality falls within the transition zone between the summer and winter rainfall regions and is therefore
subject to erratic temperature and rainfall fluctuations. Internationally, the area is classified as predominantly
arid with occurrences of semi-arid in the south.
Approximately 56% of the rain falls in summer (October to March). There is a drop in rainfall during mid-summer
(January). The average annual rainfall in the western part is between 77 and 250mm per year, while the eastern
part has an average of between 260 and 500mm per year. Small patches on the higher lying mountains of the
Baviaanskloof have higher averages of between 510 and 750mm per year. Refer to Map 1.
The highest average maximum summer temperatures are between 32 and 33 degrees Celsius and are found in
the area surrounding Rietbron. Cooler summer temperatures are found on the higher lying areas. Refer to Map 3.
The lowest average winter temperatures of below zero degrees Celsius are found to the south of Rietbron, while
average temperatures between 2,8 and 4 degrees Celsius are found in the central areas to the south of
Steytlerville, through Willowmore and Vondeling. The higher lying areas have more moderate minimum
temperatures. Refer to Map 2.
MAP 2: WINTER MINIMUM TEMPERATURE
MAP 1: AVERAGE ANNUAL RAINFALL
MAP 3: SUMMER MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE
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4.1.1.1 C LIMATE C HANGE
4.1.1.1.2 C LIMATE C HANGE AND B IODIVERSITY
‘Climate change is defined as a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that
alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability over
comparable time periods.’ (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change)
An appropriate climate change response for the biodiversity sector would be for the establishment of protected
areas in the form of stewardship agreements undertaken with land managers. These stewardship agreements
should include future proposed areas for agriculture (including biofuels) and incorporate principles of landscape
planning that can incorporate both adaptation and mitigation components.
As neither the SBDM or the municipality have a dedicated climate change response strategy it has been
necessary to interpret available information and make assumptions with regard to the potential climate change
impacts and possible mitigation measures. Based on the available information the potential climate change
scenario for the Municipality can be summarised as follows:


Higher temperatures and an increased intensity of droughts (Although an article in the Rapport
Newspaper on 24 August 2014 that the minimum temperatures in June have been lower than the
months average for the previous 50 years). This may lead to the following secondary effects:
o
A higher number of hotter days
o
A lower number of colder days
o
An increase in water requirements for crops and stock
o
A higher reliance on ground water sources
The amount of rainfall/precipitation will generally remain the same, while the intensity thereof may
increase. The following secondary effects may be:
o
Increased flood damage to farming and road infrastructure
o
Higher flooding risk for lower lying settlement areas
o
Lower average flows in rivers.
Although the above climatic changes are expected not to be dramatic, well planned and timeous mitigation
should negate potential effects on the economic and social development of the Municipality. The potential
impacts of the above climate change are addressed in each of the relevant sections:
4.1.1.1.1 C LIMATE C HANGE AND W ATER R ESOURCES
Measures required to improve water management in general, and to adapt to climate change in particular,
include:







Ensure that existing and proposed requirements for water expressed in provincial and local planning
instruments, particularly in the WSDPs, are realistic and achievable in terms of the availability of water
as described in strategies and plans prepared by DWA.
Develop and implement a programme of water conservation and demand management, including:
o
Promote and, where necessary, provide incentives and technical support for rainwater
harvesting in all use sectors.
o
Encourage and promote the recycling of water in industrial processes.
Improve monitoring of water sources
Improve the operation and maintenance, and, where necessary, the rehabilitation and upgrading of
waste water treatment works to ensure that effluent discharged into water resources or otherwise
into the environment meets prescribed quality standards.
Ensure that IDPs and WSDPs include appropriate measures to address water-related disasters.
Promote the establishment of CMAs for WMAs and development a catchment management strategy.
Increase the use of recycled water.
(CES, 2011)
Key programmes such as Working for Wetlands and Working for Water should increasingly supported, given their
indirect benefit to ecosystem protection and restoration in adapting to climate change (and in mitigation).
(CSIR, 2011)
4.1.1.1.3 C LIMATE CHANGE AND A GRICULTURE
4.1.1.1.3.1
LAND REFORM AND L AND MANAGEMENT
Careful land use planning must not only take place, but also be effectively implemented and enforced. Potentially
productive land needs to be put to good use for improved and sustainable food and cash crop production, job
creation, associated secondary economic activities (e.g. processing) and thus improved incomes and poverty
reduction. Properly managed ecologically-based farming will ensure the rehabilitation and recovery of the land
resources. The conversion to game farming should continue to be supported, since it is more profitable and
ecologically friendly if practiced sensitively.
4.1.1.1.3.2
WATER FOR PRODUCTION
Increased irrigation is potentially a “big win” strategy in the face of increasingly erratic rainfall and rising
temperatures (irrespective of annual rainfall trends). Crops need moisture at specific times, this can be
guaranteed with irrigation. Irrigated crops are also much more resilient to temperature increases and heat stress
than non-irrigated crops. The above is subject to the availability of additional irrigation water.
4.1.1.1.3.3
AGRICULTURAL AND NUTRITIONAL DIVERSIFICATION
Greater crop diversity and mixed farming (crops and livestock) offer considerable protection against farming risk,
including climatic hazard risk. Farms growing only one crop are highly sensitive to climatic hazards. Larger
farming enterprises with a range of different crop types, or even cultivars of the same crop with differing drought
resistance traits, are much less likely to suffer complete crop losses. Warming trends in the could enable
opportunities for new crops. Mixed farming enterprises are more resilient during a crisis since they are able to
sell livestock for cash to buy food when crops have failed.
4.1.1.1.3.4
CROP AND LIVESTOCK IMPROVEMENT
Crop and tree varieties and livestock breeds suited to future warmer and harsher climatic conditions must be
identified, sourced, and made available to local farmers. Where necessary, breeding programmes should be
strengthened. The focus should be on drought-resistant and short-cycle maize, drought-resistant fodder, hardy
vegetables (e.g. some of the indigenous species), hardy forestry varieties, hardy biofuel species/varieties, hardy
indigenous livestock breeds (optimised for production and quality). Disease resistance will also be increasingly
important.
4.1.1.1.3.5
INFRASTRUCTURE AND MARKETS FOR AGRICULTURE
Modern agriculture is highly dependent on information, connectivity and physical infrastructure. Adequate and
functional transport, telecommunications, energy, market and produce storage infrastructure are absolutely
essential for the development from subsistence to semi-commercial and commercial farming, or any other ruralbased livelihood. Equally, access to safe water, sanitation, energy services, schools, etc. is essential for rural
development.
(One World Sustainable Investments, ?)
10
4.1.2 GEOLOGY AND SOILS
The soils are predominantly shallow (less than 300 mm) with deep alluvial soils occurring in major river valleys.
The topsoil texture varies from loamy sand to sandy clay loam. Clay pan soils with an abrupt or clear transition to
the subsoil occur. The soils are mostly well drained. The Table Mountain and Witteberg Groups give rise to acid,
nutrient-poor soils. Refer to Map 4
MAP 4: SOILS
11
4.1.3 TOPOGRAPHY
The terrain is dominated by the broad, level to somewhat broken, Steytlerville plain. This plain is bordered by the
Baviaanskloof and Kouga mountain chains with their intermontane valleys to the south, and the Grootrivier
mountain ranges and intermontane valleys to the north. The area surrounding Rietbron is dominated by a nearly
level plain, bordered by the Droëkloof, Gras, Boesmanspoort and Grootrivier mountains to the south and
southeast.
MAP 5: HILLSHADE
12
4.1.4 VEGETATION
21 Vegetation types in Baviaans Municipality covering 772706.3ha - These are listed in the adjoining table.
Although there are no critically endangered ecosystems there are two Endangered ecosystems (Albany Alluvial
Vegetation and Humansdorp Shale Renosterveld), which together make up 0,4% of the municipal area.
MAP 6: VEGETATION TYPES
Vegetation Types
Vegetation Types
Name
Size
Albany Alluvial Vegetation
4987.7ha (0.65%)
Baviaanskloof Shale
Renosterveld
11878ha (1.54%)
Eastern Inland Shale Band
Vegetation
4737.2ha (0.61%)
Eastern Lower Karoo
15314.4ha (1.98%)
Gamtoos Thicket
38768ha (4.5%)
Groot Thicket
149213.7ha (19.31%)
Grootrivier Quartzite
Fynbos
34805.4ha (4.5%)
Humansdorp Shale
Renosterveld
23.2ha (0%)
Kouga Grassy Sandstone
Fynbos
123155.1ha (15.94%)
Kouga Sandstone Fynbos
48247.8ha (6.24% y)
Lower Karoo Gwarrieveld
12977.3ha (1.68%)
North Swartberg
Sandstone Fynbos
1637.1ha (0.21%)
Prince Albert Succulent
Karoo
1947ha (0.25%)
South Swartberg
Sandstone Fynbos
1918.7ha (0.25%)
Southern Karoo Riviere
26301.3ha (3.4%)
Steytlerville Karoo
78636.2ha (10.18%)
Sundays Thicket
7745.3ha (0.1%)
Suurberg Shale Fynbos
342.9ha (0.04%)
Uniondale Shale
Renosterveld
59826.1ha (7.74%)
Willowmore Gwarrieveld
149486.1ha (19.35%)
(SANBI, n.d.)
13
4.1.5 BIOMES
There are 4 Ecological Biomes within the municipality being the Albany Thicket, Fynbos, Nama-Karoo and
Succulent Karoo. The Nama-Karoo biome makes up about 4% of the municipal area, while the other three make
up about 30% each.
MAP 7: BIOMES
14
4.1.6 GROUND WATER AND RIVERS
The areas with the highest ground water yield are to be found to the south of Rietbron, north of Steytlerville and
west of Cambria just to the south of the Baviaanskloof eastern entrance. The only area within the Municipality
with naturally high quality potable water is in the Baviaanskloof. The area around Rietbron and to the west of
Willowmore are the areas with the highest ground water utilisation. There are twelve river/streams within the
municipality.
RIVERS












Baviaanskloof
Gamtoos
Groot
Groot-Vlei
Heuningklip
Kouga
Kraai
Olifants
Plessis
Sandpoort
Unknown
Witkoppies se Loop
WETLANDS
 There are 1317 wetlands covering 2152.5ha (0.3%)
of the municipal area
(SANBI, n.d.)
MAP 8: GROUND WATER
15
4.1.7 AQUATIC BIODIVERSITY
The Eastern Cape Biodiversity Conservation Plan’s (ECBCP) aquatic biodiversity data is reflected on the plan
below. It ECBCP has also set out land use guidelines to be followed within each of the biodiversity categories. Of
particular significance is the fact that the area of highest ground water abstraction is not highlighted as
significant from an aquatic biodiversity perspective. In addition it is important to note that the area surrounding
Willowmore (North West and East) is significant from an aquatic biodiversity perspective.
MAP 9: AQUATIC BIODIVERSITY
TRANSFORMATION
THRESHOLD
ABLMC
Description of
CBAs
ABLMC
Transformation
Threshold
ABLMC
1
Critically
important river
subcatchments;
Priority primary
catchments for
E1 estuaries.
Less than 10% of
total area of subquaternary
catchment
ABLMC
2a
Important subcatchments;
Primary
catchment
management
areas for E2
estuaries.
Less than 15% of
total area of subquaternary
catchment
ABLMC
2b
Catchments of
free flowing
rivers important
for fish
migration
Less than 20% of
total subquaternary
catchment
(SANBI, n.d.)
RIVER/WETLAND THRESHOLDS
River criterion used
Buffer width
(m)
Mountain streams and upper
foothills of all 1:500 000 rivers
50
Lower foothills and lowland rivers
of all 1: 500 000 rivers
100
All remaining 1: 50 000 streams
32
(SANBI, n.d.)
16
4.1.8 TERRESTRIAL BIODIVERSITY
The ECBCP sets out terrestrial biodiversity management classes and identifies appropriate land uses which will
enable the biodiversity to maintain it desired state. What needs to be noted is that the Municipal Nature Reserve
situated to the east of Willowmore is not represented on the ECBCP data. This needs to be rectified when the
settlement planning is undertaken. Notwithstanding this, the land surrounding Willowmore is largely suitable for
development. On the other hand the land surrounding Steytlerville, except the land to the south is classified as
BLMC 2. The ECBCP land use guidelines are restrictive within this biodiversity category.
LAND USE OBJECTIVES
Biodiversity Land Management Class
Land Use
BLMC 1
BLMC 2
BLMC 3
BLMC 4
Conservation
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Game farming
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Communal livestock
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Communal livestock
ranching
No
No
Yes
Yes
Dry land cropping
No
No
Conditional
Yes
Irrigated cropping
No
No
Conditional
Yes
Dairy farming
No
No
Conditional
Yes
Timber
No
No
Conditional
Yes
Settlement
No
No
Conditional
Yes
(SANBI, n.d.)
PROTECTED AREAS
Name
Category
Size
Baviaanskloof
Nature Reserve
Provincial
Nature
Reserve
144853.2hs
(18.75% of
municipality)
Swartberg East
Nature Reserve
State Forest
Nature
Reserve
3.5ha (0% of
municipality)
Swartberg-Oos
Mountain
Catchment Area
Mountain
Catchment
Area
1436.5ha
(0.19% of
municipality)
3 reserves in Baviaans Municipality covering
146293.2ha (18.9% of municipality)
(SANBI, n.d.)
MAP 10: TERRESTRIAL BIODIVERSITY
17
4.1.9 AGRICULTURE
As an arid region the Municipality has a significant area where extensive small stock farming is practiced, while
limited cultivation occurs in the Baviaanskloof Valley. The cultivation along the Groot River Valley has ceased due
to the brak water characteristics of the area. Due to the climate the agricultural industry is vulnerable to the
effects of overgrazing and to climate change.
Map 11: Agriculture
PRIMARY
GOODS
PRODUCTS ROUTES




AND
NMBM Market (R329)
Baviaanskloof Route (Western Portion - R332)
N9
R306 Rietbron
AGRICULTURAL POTENTIAL
 Low land capability (Little cultivation)
 Better grazing capacity to the north east
ACTIVITY
 Extensive small stock farming
 Limited cultivated lands (Baviaanskloof)
IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
LAND CARE
 Climatic conditions
 Overutilisation
 Erosion Control
18
4.1.10 BIOPHYSICAL SYNOPSIS
There are significant portions of the Municipality that are proclaimed nature reserves (Including the
Baviaanskloof component of the World Heritage Site). These areas and the proposed ecological linkages
between them need to be accommodated in the spatial planning of the Municipality, while land use
management within and surrounding these areas needs to be managed to reduce any potential negative impacts.
Ground water resource conservation is also a priority within this water scarce municipality.
World Heritage Site
 10km Buffer (Basic Assessment Process –
DEA)
Protected Areas




Expansion possibilities
Private nature reserves
5km Buffer (BIA – DEA)
Linkages into WC and EC (Groendal)
Rivers and Dams
Ground Water Utilization
 Primary water source
 Heavy and over-utilized catchments - Rietbron
Water Management Areas
 Fish to Tsitsikamma
 Gouritz
Sustainable
Initiatives
MAP 12: BIOPHYSICAL SYNOPSIS
Land
Use
 Baviaans Hartland
 Stewardship initiatives
19
4.2 SOCIO ECONOMIC
4.2.1 POPULATION
The population increase from the last census can primarily be attributed to the inclusion of the former DMA
areas together with the three settlements. It is a youthful population with most of the population is resident in
Ward 3 (Willowmore).The projected growth is approximately 460 persons by 2031. The two noticeable trends are
a movement of the youth to cities outside the Municipality and a movement of older (Retired) persons from the
farms to the settlements.
POPULATION




Increase partly due to DMA incorporation
Growth Rate of 0,5% (STATSSA)
±464 addtionional persons by 2031
Increase in female headed households
Youthful population
 Focus on providing play parks, recreation and education
facilities
 Sport plays an important role in the community
Population
2001
Census
2011
Census
No. of Households
Difference
2011 Census
2001 Census
Difference
Steytlerville SP
1835
722
1113
540
209
331
Vuyolwetho SP
DISTRIBUTION
2182
1,699
483
656
436
220
Steytlerville
4017
2421
1596
1196
645
551

Willowmore SP
3285
2733
552
852
651
201
Hillview
4393
3,654
739
1084
822
262
Willowmore
7678
6387
1291
1936
1473
463
Rietbron SP
119
41
Jacobsville
1065
336
Rietbron
1184
377
Baviaans Rural
4882
5316
-434
1097
1531
-434
17761
14124
2453
4606
3649
580
Total
Most people live in Ward 3 - Willowmore.
TRENDS
 People in the youth category are declining – there is a
tendency that the youth are leaving the countryside to find
better job opportunities in cities
 Older people, who are no longer economically active and
instead depend on any type of pension, return to the area
20
4.2.2 EMPLOYMENT AND POVERTY
Most of the residents in the Municipality are unemployed and live in poverty. There is a high dependency on
social grants (particularly child care grants) - Approximately 77% of households receive a grant. The leading
economic sectors are community, social and personal services, agriculture and finance with agriculture being the
dominant employer.
POVERTY
 Gini Coefficient has worsened (Worse income
distribution)
 People in poverty have increased (48% Poverty Level)
 High Grant Dependence – 77.9% of HH’s receive a grant
 High level of child care grants
FREE BASIC SERVICES
 Indigent Support Policy
 2013/14 ± 2523 households received Indigent support.
EMPLOYMENT
 63.2% of the potentially economically active population
are not working
 The potential economic active labour force accounts for
62.4% of the total population
 The leading sectors (Gross Value Added) are
Community, social and personal services (Inclusive of
general government services), Agriculture and Finance
(which includes Real Estate)
 Agriculture is the dominant employer
EDUCATION
 Low literacy levels and substantial lack of skills
 Need to focus on vocational /technical training (Agric
subjects)
21
4.2.3 ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
Most of the economic activity is centred around the Baviaanskloof World Heritage Site as well as along the
identified tourism routes, particularly Routes T1 and T2. Although heritage plays a significant role in the economy
the Municipality does not comply with the provisions of the Heritage Resources Act - Heritage Registers and
Policy. The potential mining area to the north of Rietbron may provide additional economic opportunities to this
settlement. Sustainable resource use needs to be a priority given that a significant component of the economy is
dependent on the biophysical environment.
TOURISM
 Baviaanskloof Wilderness Heritage site
 Natural resources of the Baviaanskloof and Karoo
Rural Landscape form the basis of the Tourism
industry
 Heritage also plays a role in the economy
ACTIVITY
 Willowmore and Steytlerville
 High activity in Baviaanskloof and along Tourism
Route (T2) – Steytlerville to Fullarton via Fullarton
MINING
 Possible Uranium and Molybdenum Ore mining to the
north of Rietbron in the Beaufort West Municipality.
VULNERABILITY
 Reliance on limited sectors
 No climate change response strategy
 Non-compliance with the Heritage Resources Act
(Heritage registers and policy)
MAP 13: ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
22
4.2.4 SOCIAL FACILITIES
Social and community facilities are generally located in the larger settlements were the majority of the
population reside. The facilities in the Baviaanskloof are however dispersed and in most cases are locate on
privately owned land. This dispersed pattern does not enable the operational and travel cost advantages of a
central location.
HOSPITAL
 The shortest route to hospital from Steylerville is
via the R329 and the DR01870 gravel road to
Jansenville - This route needs to be prioritised for
maintenance and possible upgrading.
BAVIAANSKLOOF
 Dispersed social and community facilities
MAP 14: SOCIAL FACILITIES
23
4.2.5 LAND REFORM
MAP 15: MUNICIPAL LAND OWNERSHIP
There is no public owned land within the municipality, which can easily be targeted for land reform projects as
these areas are predominantly nature reserve or form part of the municipality’s commonage network. What is
noticeable is that the largest settlement of Willowmore has the smallest commonage area of the main
settlements. The land ownership pattern within the settlements is similar, where the majority of the properties
are privately owned, while the commonages make up the majority of the publicly owned land. There are
currently no unsettled land claims. This is however likely to change given that a new window has been opened
for the submission of new land claims.
OWNERSHIP
 Little public owned land outside the Nature
Reserves and Parks
 Transfer of Transnet properties
LAND CLAIMS
 There are currently no are no outstanding land
claims
24
4.2.6 SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYNOPSIS
MAP 16: SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYNOPSIS
25
4.3 BUILT ENVIRONMENT
4.3.1 MUNICIPAL BOUNDARY CHANGE
The primary spatial change to the municipality since the preparation of the previous SDF(2007) is the
incorporation of a 42 1359ha portion of the former District Management Area, which includes the settlements of
Rietbron, Vondeling and Millar. This addition is only slightly mitigated by the reallocation of 26 981ha (Cambria)
to Kouga Municipality.
REDEMARCATION


Increase of 39400ha




Significant operations and management impact:
Additional Settlement – Rietbron, Vondeling and
Millar
Increased roads length
Long distances to the isolated settlements
Absence of adequate spatial planning information
and records
MAP 17: MUNICIPAL BOUNDARY CHANGE
26
4.3.2 LAND USE MANAGEMENT
4.3.2.1 S PATIAL P LANNING AND L AND U SE M ANAGEMENT A CT (N O 16 OF 2013)
The Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act, Act 16 of 2013 (SPLUMA) was approved by the National
Assembly on 5 August 2013. This Act seeks to:









provide a framework for spatial planning and land use management in the Republic;
to specify the relationship between the spatial planning and the land use management system and
other kinds of planning;
to provide for the inclusive, developmental, equitable and efficient spatial planning at the different
spheres of the Government;
to provide a framework for the monitoring, co-ordination and review of the spatial planning and land
use management system;
to allow for policies, principles, norms and standards for spatial development planning and land use
management;
to address past spatial and regulatory imbalances;
to promote greater consistency and uniformity in the application procedures and decision-making by
authorities responsible for land use decisions and development applications;
to provide for the establishment, functions and operations of Municipal Planning Tribunals; and
to provide for the facilitation and enforcement of land use and development measures.
The Act identifies Municipalities as the primary land use regulators and requires district and local municipalities
to align their spatial development frameworks and land use schemes as required by the MSA.
This means that the municipality needs to redraft the SDF and adopt appropriate scheme regulations which will
be aligned with the SPLUMA requirements. These processes are underway.
In addition the municipality needs to establish the required capacity to deal with the additional land use planning
requirements.
As SPLUMA essentially devolves the planning functions which have currently been undertaken at provincial level
to the local municipalities new capacity and planning structures need to be established within the municipality. In
this regard the municipality needs to decide whether it will establish its own Planning Tribunal, a joint tribunal
together with surrounding municipalities or whether it would prefer the District Municipality to perform this
function.
In addition to the establishment of a Tribunal the Act makes provision for the delegation of certain land use
planning and management decision to officials in order to speed up the development. Key to the implementation
of SPLUMA is the availability of Registered Professional Planning staff within the Municipality and also within the
District.
4.3.2.1.3 SPLUMA R EGULATIONS
The Minister of Rural Development and Land Reform has published the draft regulations made in terms of
section 54 (1) read with section 54 (2) (b) of the Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act, 16 of 2013, for
public comment before 4 September 2014.
These Regulations set out the practical arrangements related to the implementation of SPLUMA.
4.3.2.1.1 C OMMENCEMENT OF THE A CT
SPLUMA’s commencement was to be staggered with Sections 1 to 32 and Sections 55 to 61 of the Act coming
into operation first to allow municipalities to translate their current structures, procedures and instruments into
the new spatial planning and land use management system provided for in the Act as soon as possible. While
Sections 33 to 52 of the Act would be brought into operation at a later stage, as these sections require all spheres
of government to create new spatial planning and land use management regulations, instruments,
structures and procedures.
Sections 1 to 32 and 53 to 61 of SPLUMA - 1 April 2014.
Sections 33 to 52 of SPLUMA - 1 September 2014
The Department of RDLR has however requested the Honourable Minister to postpone the commencement
dates until next year in order for the various local municipalities to gain the necessary capacity to fulfil their roles
in terms of the new legislation. It is expected that this commencement date could be July 2015, unless
circumstances force an earlier promulgation.
4.3.2.1.2 I MPLICATIONS OF SPLUMA

Local municipalities are placed at the forefront of land use management.
"… we have confirmed our understanding of municipalities (local municipalities) as the primary land use
regulators. So, all land use applications will go to a municipality in whose area the land is located," - Rural
Development and Land Affairs Minister Gugile Nkwinti.

Provincial and National governments would perform key support and monitoring functions to ensure
municipalities discharged their mandate.
27
4.3.2.2 L AND U SE M ANAGEMENT S YNOPSIS
The Municipality do not have adequate capacity or resources to mainstream spatial planning or to give effect to
its extended land use management mandate that will take effect when the Spatial Planning and Land Use
Management Act comes into operation.
CHALLENGES







Lack of adequately trained staff
Ineffective zoning and cadastral records
No easy access to information
The zoning regulations are outdated
No zoning map for Rietbron
Different zoning schemes apply in different areas
Current land use trends, for example densification
are not addressed holistically
 Lack of funding to mainstream SDF implementation
and implement SPLUMA
 Land Use policies/bylaws required
28
4.3.3 RURAL LAND USAGE
MAP 18: BROAD LAND COVER
The broad land cover applicable to the municipality is reflected below. It is clear that most of the municipality is
covered with natural vegetation.
29
4.3.4 HERITAGE
4.3.4.1 H ERITAGE M ANAGEMENT
Heritage makes a significant contribution to the economy through tourism and therefore needs to be conserved
in terms of the provisions of The National Heritage Resources Act (Act 25 of 1999 - NHRA). This Act prescribes
that spatial planning and management must take heritage considerations into account both at site and landscape
levels.
The municipality is required to undertake the preparation of a heritage inventory in terms of Section 30(5) of the
National Heritage Resources Act, 1999 (Act 25 of 1999). Some of the relevant Sections of the Act are set out
below:
Section 25: Registration of local conservation bodies
The registered local conservation bodies will form a capacity and knowledge base which the municipality can
utilise to ensure that the requirements of the NHRA are adhered to.
The municipality to establish a working relationship with the registered local conservation bodies.
Section 30(5): Heritage register
The municipality need to compile a comprehensive heritage register of all local heritage resources within its
jurisdiction and submit this to SAHRA for approval .
Section 34: Structures older than 60 years and guidelines of built environment component
No person may alter or demolish any structure or part of a structure which is older than 60 years without a
permit issued by the relevant provincial heritage resources authority.
A heritage overlay zone to be prepared once the heritage register has been completed.
Section 38: Spatial Planning actions which will result in development listed in Section 38 need to be considered
by the heritage resource authority
Listed Activities:
(a)
the construction of a road, wall, power line, pipeline, canal or other similar form of linear
development or barrier exceeding 300m in length;
(b)
the construction of a bridge or similar structure exceeding 50 m in length;
(c)
any development or other activity which will change the character of a site—
(i)
exceeding 5 000 m2 in extent; or
(ii)
involving three or more existing erven or subdivisions thereof; or
(iii)
involving three or more erven or divisions thereof which have been consolidated within the past five
years; or
(iv)
the costs of which will exceed a sum set in terms of regulations by SAHRA or a provincial heritage
resources authority;
(d)
the re-zoning of a site exceeding 10 000 m2 in extent; or
(e)
any other category of development provided for in regulations by SAHRA or a provincial heritage
resources
authority,
Some Implications and Responsibilities for Municipal Spatial Planning and Spatial Planning Authorities
A local authority is responsible for
the identification and
management of Grade III heritage
resources and heritage resources
which are deemed to fall within
their competence in terms of this
Act.
At the time of the compilation or revision of a town or regional planning
scheme or a spatial development plan, or at any other time of its
choosing, or at the initiative of a provincial heritage resources authority
where in the opinion of a provincial heritage resources authority the need
exists, a planning authority shall compile an inventory of the heritage
resources which fall within its area of jurisdiction and submit such
inventory to the relevant provincial heritage resources authority, which
shall list in the heritage register those heritage resources which fulfil the
assessment criteria.
A planning authority must at the time of revision of a town or regional
planning scheme, or the compilation or revision of a spatial plan, or at the
initiative of the provincial heritage resources authority where in the
opinion of the provincial heritage resources authority the need exists,
investigate the need for the designation of heritage areas to protect any
place of environmental or cultural interest.
4.3.4.2 B AVIAANSKLOOF W ORLD H ERITAGE S ITE
This World Heritage Site is one of eight protected areas in the Cape Floral Region. Baviaanskloof means “Valley of
Baboons” in and Dutch, this conservation area is approximately 200-250 square km wide.
The Baviaanskloof nature reserve is home to seven out of South Africa's eight biomes, it is characterised by
distinct plant and animal ecosystems and micro-habitats. The plant life found in this region includes: Fynbos,
Forest, Grassland, succulent Karoo, subtropical Thicket, Savanah and Nama-Karoo. This nature conversation area
is home to over 1000 plant species, some of which are threatened and the mountains found throughout the site
provide much activity for visitor's (i.e. hiking, rock and mountain climbing, bird watching etc.).
An exclusive feature of the Baviaanskloof nature reserve, are the genetically distinct, ancient cycads. Two
surviving species of this ancient cycad are found in this area. Over 50 mammal species, 300 bird species, reptiles
and amphibians are also found here.
Baviaanskloof is an important meeting point for diverse cultures: San cultural artefacts and paintings, Stone Age
archaeology is found throughout Baviaanskloof. It is because of the reasons mentioned above that Baviaanskloof
was awarded World Heritage status. The Baviaanskloof Nature Reserve was declared a World Heritage site by
UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation) in 2004 because it occupies less than
0.5% of the surface area of the African continent, but is home to almost 20% of the continents fauna and flora.
Approximately 70% of the fynbos species is endemic, making this nature reserve a conservation “hottest hotspot”.
The site is considered to be of outstanding universal value because of its unique Fynbos biome, it is also
designated as one of the World Centres of Plant Diversity.
30
Access to Water
2001
2011
Piped water inside dwelling
1488
3203
Piped water inside yard
1852
1003
Piped water on community stand: distance less than 200m from dwelling
228
53
Piped water on community stand: distance greater than 200m from dwelling
111
1
TABLE 1: ACCESS TO WATER
MAP 19: WORLD HERITAGE SITE
The primary spatial implication of the proclamation of the World Heritage Site is that land use within 10km of the
site will be subjected to an environmental assessment process (Basic Assessment, which will be considered by
the National Department of Environmental Affairs).
It is envisaged that the extent of the World Heritage Site will be expanded to the West and East.
4.3.5 INFRASTRUCTURE
This section has been primarily sourced from the Baviaans IDP (2013_2014).
4.3.5.1 B ULK W ATER S UPPLY
Baviaans Municipality is the Water Services Authority (WSA) that has the executive authority to provide water
services as Water Services Provider (WSP) within its area of jurisdiction. The Water Services Development Plan
(WSDP) has been reviewed and adopted on 29 March 2012; there is a budget on the plan available to ensure that
all households have access to basic water. Most of the households, (98.7%), in Baviaans have water on site, i.e.
inside dwelling or inside yard compared to 85.9% in Cacadu and 49.4% in the Eastern Cape. The majority of
households in the Baviaans make use of the local water scheme as operated by the Local Municipality (82%)
followed by a borehole (12. 9%). The Environmental Health Department of Cacadu District Municipality monitors
water quality on a monthly basis. There are currently bulk water supply constraints in Willowmore and
Steytlerville. Refer to Table 2: Access to Sanitation
MAP 20: BULK WATER RESOURCES
31
4.3.5.2 S ANITATION
The Baviaans Municipality aims towards water borne sanitation for all households. All formal areas/towns in
Willowmore and Steytlerville have water-borne sewage systems, connected either to an underground sewer
reticulation network or to a septic / conservancy tank. The ability to deliver this level of service is directly related
to solving the bulk water supply in this area. Table 2 provides an indication of the level of access to sanitation
services within the municipality.
Sanitation
2001
2011
Flush toilet (connected to sewerage system)
1215
3323
793
475
20
3
Pit latrine with ventilation (VIP)
218
116
Pit latrine without ventilation
443
166
Bucket latrine
754
167
None
437
213
Flush toilet (with septic tank)
Chemical toilet
TABLE 2: ACCESS TO SANITATION
Based on the above information 78% of households have a flush toilet connected to a sewerage system, while
11% of households have a flush toilet with a septic tank and 0,02% of households have VIPs. Contrary to the
statistics above, there are only 9 remaining buckets in Steytlerville (These are to be eradicated by November
2014). There are some households however, that have buckets in addition to septic tanks.
4.3.5.3 E LECTRICITY
Most areas of the Municipality have access to electricity. An Electricity Master Plan has been developed for
Willowmore and Steytlerville. Eskom directly supplies electricity to Rietbron and the Vuyolwethu area in
Steytlerville. There are bulk supply shortages in Willowmore and Saaimanshoek. Solar electricity supply is
currently being investigated for the western component of the Municipality, including the settlement of
Vondeling.
A small hydro-electric power station was constructed on the right bank of the Kouga Dam. This has the capacity
to generate 3600 kVA of power when operational. This facility was decommissioned. The reasons for
decommissioning are not clear.
4.3.5.3.1 S USTAINABLE E NERGY
In 2012, the Eastern Cape Provincial Executive Council adopted the Eastern Cape Sustainable Energy Strategy
which focuses on improved provincial energy security and self-sufficiency, improved access to energy among the
poorest in the province, and the need to stimulate a green and low-carbon economy underpinned by decent and
sustainable jobs. The strategy sets out a vision for the province – that “the Eastern Cape should provide the most
enabling environment for sustainable energy investment and implementation in the country”.
In support of this vision the strategy pursues goals of job creation and skills development, ensuring energy
justice, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting the development of a renewable energy generation
and manufacturing industry in the province.The Eastern Cape has significant resource potential in terms of
renewable energy generation, with exceptional wind conditions by international standards, good solar
conditions, as well as substantial potential for energy from the biomass and biofuels sectors. The province plays a
large role in the South African National Department of Energy’s Integrated Resources Plan (IRP), which envisages
17.8 GW of new Renewable Energy (RE) generation capacity over the next 20 years. Of the 2459.3 MW that has
been allocated to date, the Eastern Cape accounts for 36% (876 MW) of the total, constituted by 10 wind farms
and one solar photovoltaic farm. The Sustainable Energy Strategy places emphasis on the potential role of small
and rural energy systems in enterprise and local economic development. In support of this, mini- and micro
generation, including bio-energy systems are being encouraged. The scope of renewable energy cuts across all
spheres of government, and across business, labour and civil society. (ECDEDEA, The Eastern Cape Department of
Economic Development, Environmental Affairs and Tourism, 2014)
4.3.5.3.2 M UNICIPAL R ESPONSE
Alternative and renewable energy options have been considered in the Electricity Master Plans for Willowmore
and Steytlerville e.g. the old diesel engines and solar farms for the commonages in Willowmore and Steytlerville.
Solar geysers have been installed on most of the RDP households in the Baviaans Municipality during the
2010/2011 financial year. The Sarah Baartman District Municipality is coordinating the RED process to which the
Municipality is a signatory. Given that it can be expected that renewable applications will be submitted within
the municipal due to its potential for the development of renewable energy (Wind, bio-mass and Solar) projects.
The municipality therefore needs to ensure that it can respond appropriately to the specific needs of these
applications. In this regard the resources and information made available by the Department of Economic
Development, Environmental Affairs and Tourism are of assistance. The SDF should identify the appropriate land
use principles to ensure the development of these projects are sustainable and do not have a negative impact on
the other resources of the municipality.
4.3.5.3.2.1
SOLAR PROJECTS ON THE COMMONAGES
The Baviaans Municipality has indicated that the development of solar farms on the commonages around the
settlements would be desirable. Although no formal projects have been proposed as yet it needs to be kept in
mind that these solar farms can sterilise significant portions of land from use as commonage. This will in turn
increase the need to expand the existing commonage area for conventional commonage usage.
4.3.5.4 S OLID W ASTE M ANAGEMENT
The Baviaans Municipality has an approved Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWP). A regular waste removal
service is provided to all households and commercial properties within the major towns of the Municipal area,
except to households in rural areas. The farming areas of the Baviaans Municipality do not receive a waste
removal service. An assessment has been conducted on the status quo of all the waste disposal sites in the CDM
area, which was used in the compilation of an Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP) for the District. The
results of the afore-mentioned assessment for Baviaans are reflected in the Table 3.
Waste Site
Name
Registration
/ permit
status
Site
suitability
Estimated
lifespan
Infrastructure
Operation &
management
Willowmore
Not
registered
Inadequate
Good
Inadequate
Inadequate
Steytlerville
Not
registered
Adequate
Adequate
Good
Adequate
Rietbron
Not
registered
Inadequate
Inadequate
Inadequate
Inadequate
TABLE 3: SBM SOLID WASTE SITE ASSESSMENT
32
Consultants have been appointed to undertake the registration of the Steytlerville, Willowmore and Rietbron
landfill sites. This is expected to take place by mid-2015.
The Miller and Vondeling disposal sites cannot be regarded as legal waste disposal facilities. The sites are very
small and can be regarded as a hole in the ground used for waste disposal purposes. Less than 0.1 tons of waste
is disposed of per day at these sites. The sites are not managed in accordance with proper waste disposal
practices at all. The sites are not suitably located either. The sites should be dealt with as illegal dumping areas
and should therefore be cleared by the Municipality. The waste should be taken to the nearest legalised and
formal waste disposal site. A suitable centralised disposal facility should be identified and established for the
disposal of waste generated in these settlements (KV3 Engineers, 2008).
pathways)
Scholar transport
School busses
Functional
Good
Roads forum
Yes
Quarterly
meetings
Good
TABLE 4: PUBLIC TRANSPORT FACILITIES
4.3.5.7 T ELECOMMUNICATIONS
4.3.5.5 R OAD N ETWORK
The most important transportation distributor is the R329 which links Steytlerville in the east to Willowmore in
the west. This route links with the R75 through Noorspoort enabling access to Port Elizabeth, Jansenville and
Graaff Reinet. In the west it runs into the N9, which is an important transport link between the Western and
Eastern Cape. These roads are particularly important for the development of agriculture and tourism in the area.
The MR411 (secondary road) links Willowmore (Ward 3) to Rietbron (Ward 4). There are approximately 1300km
of gravel roads and 130km of surfaced roads within the municipal area. The provision and maintenance of roads
covers the functional areas of the Department of Roads and Public Works and the Local Municipality. (Baviaans
Municipality, 2014)
The upgrading of the cement road portion between Steytlerville and Willowmore has been highlighted as a
critical spatial intervention which will enable increased economic development.
The road network is reflected on Map 21
Ward 1
There is access to telecommunication services. The cellular network is mostly good except in the Baviaanskloof
part of Ward 1 and 40 km outside of Willowmore (approaching from Willowmore). The SAPD is in the process of
erecting towers, which MTN is interested in utilising to provide cellular network for this area, this is, however, a
long-term project. There is no reception of ETV and SABC1.
Ward 2
There is only access to telecommunication services in the town area of Ward 2. The cellular network is mostly
good except in the rural part of Ward 2. There is no reception of ETV and SABC1.
Ward 3
There is access to telecommunication services. The cellular network is mostly good except in Fullarton, where it is
barely accessible. There is reception of ETV and SABC1.
4.3.5.6 P UBLIC T RANSPORT
Ward 4
The public transport facilities within the municipality are set out in Table 4
SERVICE
EXISTENCE
FUNCTIONALITY
CONDITION
Taxi Rank
1 in Willowmore
Functional
Good
Bus shelters
7
n/a
n/a
Vehicle Testing
Station
1 in Willowmore
Functional
Good
Marine Transport
None
n/a
n/a
Landing strips
Two)
Functional
Good
Rail roads
Rail road from PE to
Willowmore through rural
areas – station in Willowmore
Functional for
cargo
Good
Weigh bridge
management
None
n/a
n/a
Non-motorised
systems (bicycles
None
n/a
n/a
There is access to telecommunication services in Rietbron. The cellular network is mostly good, except in the
Fullarton and Miller parts of Ward 4 and 30 km outside of Willowmore (approaching from Willowmore towards
the Grootrivier valley). There is no reception of ETV, SABC 1 and SABC3.
The cellular coverage is depicted on Map 21
33
MAP 21: INFRASTRUCTURE MAP
34
4.3.6 HUMAN SETTLEMENT
This section of the report briefly assesses the status of human settlement development. It focusses on the impact
of population growth, the resulting need for new human settlement areas as well as providing a brief summary
of the bulk services capacities and constraints.
4.3.6.1 P OPULATION D ISTRIBUTION
Based on historic growth figures some growth is expected. SATSSA indicates that the growth between 2001 and
2011 was 0,5% and in the absence of more accurate information, this document assumes that this low growth
will continue. Infrastructure and human settlement areas will be required to support this growth Table sets out
the expected growth till the year 2031 and the resulting housing demand for the three main settlements.
Urban Housing and Associated Land Demand Summary - Growth projected to 2031
Based on the above figures Willowmore is home to the majority of the residents, while a significant percentage
of the population, almost 30%, reside in the smaller rural settlements and on farms. The population distribution
of the Municipality is reflected in the table below:
Area
Household
Increase till
2031 (Hh)
Housing
Waiting List
(Backlog)
2014 (Hh)
Total Land
Requirement for
Growth only (@
30 Units Per ha)
- Till 2031
Total Land
Requirement for
Backlog only (@ 30
Units Per ha)
Willowmore
70
527
597
3
25
Steytlerville
43
656
699
2
31
Rietbron
14
189
203
1
9
126
1372
1498
6
64
Baviaans Population Distribution
Area
Rural Areas
Extent (ha)
Population
1160361
4882
Steytlerville
2467
4017
%
of Households
Total
27
23
1097
1196
% of Total
Persons/Household
24
4.5
26
3.4
Totals
Willowmore
Total Housing
Need by 2031
(Hh)
2174
7678
43
1936
42
4.0
1829
1184
7
377
8
3.1
1160361
4882
100
1097
100
4.5(Average)
Notes:
1
The Rietbron Housing Backlog/Waiting List figures were provided by Baviaans Municipality on
16 March 2015.
4
Total Housing Demand at 2031 = Housing Waiting List + Projected Growth till 2031
TABLE 5: POPULATION DISTRIBUTION (2011)
5
Land Requirement = Total Housing Demand/30 (Units per ha) + 40% for non-residential uses
4.3.6.2 H OUSING AND L AND D EMAND
8
Hh = Households
Rietbron
Total
The Human Settlement Plan has identified the need to undertake detailed investigations to provide accurate
information with regard to the status of the housing need in the Municipality. In particular the raw information
relating to backlog figures needs to be supplemented by the addition of accurate information with regard to the
demand for middle and social or rental housing. The Housing Sector plan provides a preliminary feel of this in
Table 6 below.
Income per month
Demand for housing
R0 – R3 500 (full subsidy ownership)
High demand (Approximately 80% of demand)
R3 500 – R6 999 (Middle income subsidy)
Undetermined but the Municipality has expressed that
there is a demand and land has been identified for this
type of housing (Feasibility study needed)
R7 000 – R15 000 (Social rental)
Demand undetermined but Municipality has expressed
that there is a demand (Feasibility and study needed).
TABLE 6: HOUSING DEMAND PER INCOME GROUP
TABLE 7: HOUSING AND LAND DEMAND SUMMARY
(Eastern Cape Department of Human Settlements, 2014)
4.3.6.2.1 H OUSING D ELIVERY C HALLENGES
The Housing Sector plan identifies the challenges that impact on housing delivery. The challenges that are spatial
in nature or can be resolved through spatial interventions are briefly set out below.



The Municipality does not have a dedicated housing department, but has appointed a Building
inspector and Housing AdministratorThe full spectrum of housing needs is to be catered for; i.e. lowincome, subsidy housing, multi-storey developments, affordable housing.
Lack of subsidized houses for the middle income groups (R35000 - R7000) and (R8500 – R15 000)
Bulk Infrastructure Upgrading is Required - The delivery of housing is inhibited by the lack of bulk
services (Water, sewer and electricity)
Inaccurate housing backlog figures (A process is currently underway to update the housing backlog and housing
demand figures) (Eastern Cape Department of Human Settlements, 2014)
(Eastern Cape Department of Human Settlements, 2014)
35
4.3.6.3 H OUSING DELIVERY
In formulating the housing delivery programme for the 5 year period of this SDF, the following factors have been
considered:
Bulk Infrastructure:



Integrate the housing demand figures into the services development plans
Undertake the necessary bulk services upgrades to enable the provision of housing.
Smaller infill projects should be launched, which can be accommodated within the existing services
capacities and can deal with those highest on the on the housing needs list first.
Alternative housing typologies



An investigation needs to be launched to determine the feasibility of the provision of alterative
housing typologies in BLM.
20% of all new subsidy housing areas are to be allocated to provision of rental stock and alternative
housing types (This guideline needs to be tested against the outcome of the investigation referred to
in the previous bullet..
Beneficiaries and surrounding communities need to be consulted and participate in all housing related
matters.
Spatial Layout Planning




Low-income subsidized residential areas where freestanding dwellings are erected on individual
stands should not be developed at gross densities of higher than a gross density of 20 units per
hectare (The erven should not be smaller than 250m2)
All housing developments must contribute to the formulation of compact and integrated nodes - i.e.
infill development on vacant land and underutilised land should be prioritised.
All housing developments are to comply with legislative processes, policy and requirements.
Proactively identify and access land needed for future housing
Housing Demand



Establish the real need for housing (The Backlog) and prioritise the beneficiaries in terms of the real
need.
Included in the above is a survey of current housing ownership, a more accurate determination of the
population growth and effect of migration and a focus on the identification of persons who will be
able to take responsibility for the house once received.
The present planning is badly inhibited by the lack of properly developed and maintained demand and
project database.
Annexure A summarises the municipality’s housing delivery programme as set out in the Housing Sector Plan
(Eastern Cape Department of Human Settlements, 2014).
In the current year’s budget the municipality will primarily be undertaking feasibility assessments to enable
projects to proceed. The challenges to housing delivery are discussed in the following section.
In summary the housing delivery programme of the municipality will be inhibited in the short term (1 to 3 years)
by the lack of bulk services. It can therefore be expected that the actual delivery of the houses, in larger projects,
will only be feasible after 2 to 3 years. Notwithstanding this the opportunity now exists to undertake the
necessary pre-feasibility and feasibility studies to enable timeous delivery of approved (Legislative approval town planning and environmental authorisation) human settlement land to coincide with the availability of bulk
services. In addition the municipality can focus on the identification and implementation of smaller infill projects
that can be accommodated within the current services capacity limits.
Of particular importance to achieve effective infill development is the connection of the older parts of the
settlements into the full sewer reticulation system. Although this will enable the potential of infill development it
will require additional water and sewer treatment and reticulation capacity.
Based on the above the following assumptions guide the identification
of human settlement land in the three major settlements:
 Bulk services will become available in two years for larger housing
projects.
 The entire housing backlog cannot be addressed within 5 years. It is
assumed that this will be undertaken within 5 years, once bulk services
are available i.e. only land to accommodate 60% of the ‘housing
backlog’ will be accommodated in this SDF.
 The population growth is accepted to be 0,5% and the housing demand
for 5 years of growth will be included in the human settlement land
provision of this SDF.
4.3.6.3.1 F IVE Y EAR L AND D EMAND
Based on the above assumptions and the projections set out in Table 7, the land demand for the following five
years is set out in .
Urban Housing Demand and Supply Summary - Growth projected to 2031
Area
5 Year Land Demand for Growth
Only (ha)
Total 5 Year Land Demand (Growth and
60% of Backlog Combined)
Willowmore
1
15
Steytlerville
1
18
Rietbron
1
5
Totals
2
38
TABLE 8: 5 YEAR HOUSING AND LAND DEMAND SUMMARY
The above figures are based on the goal of addressing 60% of the housing backlog in 5 years once the bulk
services have been upgraded.. In order to achieve this while also accommodating the expected minimal growth
the municipality will need to provide 38ha on which human settlement can occur at a density of at least 30 units
per hectare (Nett Density - This density would apply to the residential area only and not be calculated over the
entire development area). 66ha are required to address the total backlog together with 5 years of growth.
36
4.3.6.4 H UMAN S ETTLEMENT P ATTERN
The dispersed nodal spatial pattern is evenly spread across the municipal area. The lack of a formally identified
formal settlement within the Baviaanskloof is currently hindering human settlement and social facility
development in that region. A proposal has been made for the development of state owned farm (known as
Bosdorp) adjoining Sewefontein for this purpose.
SUB-DISTRICT
(ADMINISTRATIVE) CENTRE
 Willowmore
LOCAL CENTRE (SECONDARY
ADMINISTRATIVE CENTRE)
 Steytlerville
SUB-LOCAL CENTRE
 Rietbron
 Baviaanskloof
RURAL SETTLEMENT
 Vondeling
 Fullarton
RURAL PLACES






Baroe
Mount Stewart
Millar
Studtis
Sandvlakte
Sewefontein

Zaaimanshoek
FARM WORKER
ACCOMMODATION
MAP 22: HUMAN SETTLEMENT PATTERN
37
4.3.6.5 W ILLOWMORE
Willowmore was established on the farm, The Willows, as a trading centre in 1864. It was initially named WillowMoore after William Joseph Moore who emigrated to the Cape of Good Hope as a member of the British Settler
program. In earlier times the town also had a thriving Jewish community evidenced by: the synagogue, Jewish
graves and the rabbi's house.
The town of Willowmore was founded in 1864, when the Moore family donated land to the Dutch Reformed
Church. Willowmore was officially established in 1874. The municipality was formally established in 1884 and in
the year 2000 the town become part of the Baviaans Municipality which includes Steytlerville and Baviaanskloof
Wilderness Area.
The main economic activity of this area is stock and game farming followed closely by tourism. Willowmore is
one of the biggest mohair producing areas in the world. This town is also considered a gateway to the
Baviaanskloof Wilderness Area- a World Heritage Site.
Unlike other Karoo towns which have problems with water supply Willowmore has a strong water source from
the boreholes on farm Wanhoop situated 20km from town. Willowmore is also the site where the Anglo-Boer
war broke out; during this period Willowmore was British territory. In January 1901 the Boer military descended
on the town and by 17 October 1901, the British had surrendered. Remnants of the British fort can be found
outside of the town, this fort was established to deter 'Boer Rebels' who had threatened to destroy the building
of the railway.
The town boasts a number of tourists’ attractions such as; hiking trails, mountain biking, hunting, 4X4 trails, bird
watching, historic sites, restaurants, a 9-hole golf course, shebeens and an air-field.
GAP /
needed before construction of
new housing units-
CRU projects.
Unconfirmed projectFeasibility study must
determine needed number of
units in each node.
Undetermined
demand for
GAP housing
projects.
Proposed
project
-
middle
income
Rectification
373
PHP
Funding needed for
verification study
Funding from
DOHS
-
Undeter
mined
Unconfirmed projectFeasibility study must
determine needed number of
units in each node.
Undetermined
need for special
needs projects.
Special need
project (15
destitute)
Priority
TABLE 9: WILLOWMORE HOUSING PROJECTS (HSP)
4.3.6.5.4 R ESIDENTIAL DENSITY
The residential densities for the areas of Willowmore vary between 2 units per hectare and 15 units per hectare.
Hillview and Lovemore have densities of 15 and 11 units per hectare respectively.
Strategies need to be put in place to ensure that the average density is increased without negatively affecting the
amenity and heritage value of the settlement.
4.3.6.5.5 SDF 2007 H UMAN S ETTLEMENT A REAS
4.3.6.5.1 P OPULATION
Willowmore has 7678 residents, who at 3,96 persons per household constitute 1938 households. These make up
42% of the total number of households in the municipality. (Census 2011 Figures)
The areas identified for human settlement expansion are set out on Map 25 These areas have been briefly
addressed in the Human Settlement Plan.
4.3.6.5.2 H OUSING AND L AND D EMAND
Areas 1 and 2: These areas are situated to the north of the node and are owned by the Municipality. The areas
will form a natural extension of the existing urban framework and infrastructure.
Based on growth projections (Refer to Paragraph 4.3.6.1) there will be an increase of 70 households by 2031,
which combined with a housing waiting list of 527 gives a total housing demand of almost 600 households. Given
the above a total of 28 additional hectares of suitable land is required to address this shortfall by 2031.
Area 3: The area is situated in the centre of the node and is characterized by dilapidated structures and vacant
properties. The ownership of the properties needs to be investigated and appropriate initiatives launched to
formalize and service these properties.
4.3.6.5.3 H OUSING P ROJECTS
Area 4 and 5: The area is situated to the west of the node and adjacent to the N9 route. The area is made up of
private and municipal owned properties, most of which are vacant. Should the need arise; these properties can
be utilized for residential and or business development. The northern portion of area 4 is to be utilized for the
development of a park and recreational area. Area 5 is currently utilized for a Department of Transport Road
Camp. It is proposed that the road camp be relocated to the southern industrial area where it is more compatible
with the surrounding land uses.
The projects identified in the HSP for Willowmore are set out in Table 9:
Project
Units
Project
Type
Status
Challenge
Existing 18m2
units
30
PFHP
Feasibility study needed
including tachey survey
Undecided way
forward
PFHP
Procurement. Feasibility study
assessments including tachey
survey needed before
construction of new housing
units
Funding for
external sewer
was
problematic
Priority
Unconfirmed project.
Feasibility study assessments
including tachey survey
Undetermined
demand for
Priority
Down
Proposed
project
88
-
CRU
Priority/
Blocked
Area 6: The area surrounds a cemetery. It is unlikely that the cemetery will be permitted to expand due to its
close proximity to a water feature. The area surrounding the cemetery can be utilized for residential
development. An alternative land use is therefore required.
Area 7: The area consists of vacant residential erven as well as a large privately owned portion of land adjoining
the N9 route. This area can possibly be utilized for the development of middle income housing.
Area 8 and 12: The area is situated at the southern access point to the node. The area is suitable for the
development of a business (Filling Station and associated uses) as well as residential uses. The negative impact of
business development in this area on the existing central business area should be considered and alternative
38
uses identified. The potential residential usage will require extensive bulk services upgrading, particularly
sewerage.
Area 9: The area is situated to the south of the town and is identified for the development and expansion of the
industrial area. There is little demand for industrial uses and the possible relocation of industry to the area
surrounding the waste water treatment works needs to be considered.
Area 10: This area consists of a large number of unserviced erven as well as a large vacant stand to the south
west of the node. These areas can be serviced and sold for higher income residential stands should the need
arise. The above areas have been identified in the absence of detailed feasibility studies (Land ownership
confirmation, engineering etc.). These studies are now required to ensure the suitability of the land parcels for
the proposed use. The above human settlement development proposals need to be reconsidered in the light of
the latest needs and spatial goals of the municipality.
4.3.6.5.6 W ILLOWMORE IDP P ROJECTS
The IDP projects that are planned to take place within Willowmore are reflected in Table 10.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
 Parking for heavy vehicles at the vehicle testing station (truck stop, phase in project – 3years)
 Solar geysers for RDP houses, R140 000 over 3 years
 Re-vamping of Vine & Augustine streets
 Pavements for:
o
Victoria
o
Knysna,
o
Ferreira,
o
Wehmeyer
o
Johanna Streets
 Upgrade electricity capacity
 Cricket pitch
 Road signs & street names
 Animal health
 Bucket & septic tank eradication
 Maintenance of reception area at testing station
 Demolishing of swimming pool
 Grading behind 7th Avenue
 Rectification of houses 373
 Community Hall for Lovemore
 Willowmore tourism project
 Shading / shelter for local hawkers
 Willowmore Nursery-cropping, Dept. Agriculture
 Expansion of Willowmore Clinic, Dept. Health
TABLE 10: WILLOWMORE IDP PROJECTS
39
4.3.6.5.7 L AND O WNERSHIP
The municipality owns large portions of land in and surrounding the settlement. In general terms these land
parcels are large enough to accommodate the future housing demand.
OWNERSHIP
Ownership in
Willowmore
No. of
Erven
Hectares
%
Municipal
429
1238.8690
61.07%
Private/Other
2185
768.0513
1.07%
State
13
21.6090
31.86%
Total
2627
2028.5293
100%
(Eastern Cape Department of Human Settlements,
2014)
MAP 23: OWNERSHIP WILLOWMORE
40
4.3.6.5.8 S OCIAL AND E CONOMIC
Prison and Place of Safety
-
0
0
-
4.3.6.5.8.1
Solid Waste Disposal Site
and Recycling Depot
1
1
0
-
Community Hall- large
1
1
0
-
CRIME
Ward 3 has the highest level of crime in the Baviaans municipal area.
Drug related offences have more than doubled over the period 2003 to 2011 and sexual crimes increased from
ten to seventeen cases. By comparison to the low population density, the crime rate is high, which could imply
serious social ills and the need to put strategies in place to curb substance abuse and facilitate rehabilitation.
Improved street lighting (highmast lights) should also considered at crime hot spots (Baviaans Municipality,
2014)
SOCIAL SERVICES
Community Hallmedium/small (fringe areas)
-
1
0
-
4.3.6.5.8.2
Children’s Home
-
0
0
-
SOCIAL A ND C OMMUNITY FACILITIES
An assessment of the available social facilities is set out below (The applicable shortfalls have been highlighted):
FACILITY
CSIR GUIDELINES
REQUIREMENTS
CURRENT
PROVISION
Home for the Aged
-
0
0
-
CURRENT
SHORTFALL
(2014)
FUTURE
SHORTFALL
(2031)
ICT Access Point
1
1
0
-
Post Office/Agency with
post boxes
1
1
0
-
HEALTH AND EMERGENCY SERVICES
Community Health Care
1
1
0
-
Post Boxes
-
1
0
-
Primary Health Care
1
1
0
-
SASSA Office (Social Service
Office)
1
1
0
-
Fire Station
1
1
0
-
Social Grant Pay Point
1
1
0
-
Fire bakkie pump
deployment point
-
0
0
-
Cemetery (medium)
-
3
0
-
Police Station
1
1
0
-
ABET/Skill Training
-
0
0
-
Special Education
-
0
0
-
Secondary School
1
1
0
-
SOCIAL AND CULTURAL (PUBLIC SERVICE FACILITIES)
0
0
-
EDUCATION
Community Performing Arts
Centre
-
Museum- medium/small
-
0
0
-
Primary School
1
1
0
-
Local Library
1
0
1
-
1
6
6
-
0
0
-
Grade R Class at Primary
School
7
Mobile Library
Small crèche/Early
Childhood Development
Centre
3
1
2
2
ECD Resource Hub and Care
Centre
1
0
1
-
CIVIC
Home Affairs- small office
1
0
1
-
Thusong Centre
(community-based “onestop” development centres)
1
0
1
-
Labour Office
1
0
1
-
RECREATION PROVISION (SPORTS AND PARKS)
Magistrate’s Court ( A magistrates court is provided in Steytlerville - There is therefore no need to provide
an additional one)
Municipal Office
-
1
0
-
Grassed surface (2 football
fields equivalent)
1
Sports Complex (grouping of
fields and/or sports
complexes)
1
Subject to detailed Investigation at LSDF/Precinct
Plan Level
41
Grassed field (2 football
fields equivalent) with 500seat stand
1
Cricket Oval
1
Athletics/Cricket Stadium
(grassed field and athletics
track and stand- 3000 +
seats)
1
Households in the older part of Ward 3 are reliant on septic tanks, while the more recent established, 373,
Vaalblok suburbs (subsidy housing) are connected to a waterborne system that channels the effluent into the
Waste Water Treatment Works constructed to the north of Willowmore. The sewerage system can only be
upgraded when the bulk water infrastructure has been adequately addressed.
4.3.6.5.9.3
4.3.6.5.9.4
Combi-court surface (x2)
1
1
Community Pool
1
Swimming Pool (25m to
33m pool)
1
District park
-
Community park with play
equipment
1
Urban Park
1
Local/Neighbourhood Park
(includes play equipment)
1
Play Equipment at other
facilities
-
R OADS AND STORMWATER
The primary roads in the town are tarred, while the majority are surfaced with gravel. Stormwater is managed in
open channels and via surface drainage. No formal storm water management system is present.
SOLID W ASTE DISPOSAL
The landfill site is situated to the north of Willowmore, it is not registered.
4.3.6.5.9.5
Plan Level
CEMETERIES
There is a need to provide additional cemeteries as the existing areas are almost full.
4.3.6.5.9.6
E LECTRICITY
Electricity is supplied by ESKOM. The whole town has access to electricity. There is however a shortage of Bulk
Electricity Supply in Willowmore as the Municipality currently exceeds the Maximum Demand and pays monthly
penalties to Eskom.
4.3.6.5.9.7
T ELECOMMUNICATIONS
Effective telecommunications is available in the settlement.
There is access to telecommunication services. There is reception of ETV and SABC1.
TABLE 11: WILLOWMORE SOCIAL FACILITIES ASSESSMENT
4.3.6.5.9 B ULK S ERVICES
4.3.6.5.9.1
WATER
The Willowmore bulk water supply is derived solely from boreholes and fountains situated on the farm
Wanhoop. Bulk infrastructure for water supply needs to be upgraded before additional houses can be built.
Willowmore Alternative Water Supply
For the past fifty (50) years, the Willowmore community received its water from the farm, Wanhoop. In 1983 the
then Willowmore Municipality sold the farm, but the water rights of the farm remained with the Municipality. To
secure water for Willowmore for the next 50 years it will be most effective to buy the farm back from the current
owner. This will also secure the safety of the current and future investments on the farm made by DWAF (R40.6
million). The Baviaans Municipality is currently upgrading the water works to the value of R6 million.
The farm can also due to its proximity to the N9 and the R332 as well as the Baviaanskloof is a World Heritage
Site be used for the development of tourism facilities and as a training centre for local people. In addition the
farm has a grazing capacity of ±120 small stock and can be used to accommodate the small farmers currently
operating on the Willowmore commonage which is overgrazed.
4.3.6.5.9.2
SEWERAGE
All of the formal areas/town have water-borne sewage systems, connected either to an underground sewer
reticulation network or to a septic / conservancy tank.
42
4.3.6.5.10
W ILLOWMORE Z ONING M AP
The Willowmore Zoning Map is outdated and needs to be revised in order to meet the requirements of SPLUMA
MAP 24: WILLOWMORE ZONING MAP
43
4.3.6.5.10.1
WILLOWMORE S PATIAL SYNOPSIS
Willowmore is the largest of the settlements and performs the function of a Sub-district Centre. Land has been
identified on which human settlement can occur to address the backlog. These areas, identified during previous
SDF process need to be re-assessed to confirm suitability and potentially indicate the potential
housing/ownership mix for the dwellings. All human settlement is currently inhibited by the need to upgrade
bulk serve infrastructure.
COMPACTNESS
EFFICIENCY




HOUSEHOLDS
BULK WATER




 Ground water sources
 Upgrade bulk supply
 Wanhoop additional supply investigation
1837 households
Backlog ± 509
Rectification projects
Verify previous settlement areas
ELECTRICITY
AND
 Need to connect 85 houses
 Upgrade to main supply needed
Appropriate densification
Implement an Urban Edge/Settlement Limit
Keep the settlement compact
Pedestrian paths
AMENITIES
 Cemetery expansion required.
ROADS AND STORMWATER
 No Stormwater Master Plan
 Additional access road from southern residential areas
required
LAND USAGE
 Proposed southern business area to be re-thought due
to potential impact on existing businesses
 Investigate the relocation of the industiral area to the
south of the town
 Investigate off street parking in the central area
PHYSICAL AND FUNCTIONAL
INTEGRATION
 Identify potential infill sites
 Eliminate apartheid buffer zones/areas
SANITATION
 Water-borne sewage and conservancy or septic tanks
COMMONAGE
 Commonage Management Plans Required
 Mapping of camps
 Additional land required
MAP 25: WILLOWMORE SPATIAL SYNOPSIS
SOLID WASTE
 Not authorised
 Consultant appointed to resolve.
44
4.3.6.6 S TEYTLERVILLE
The farm Doorspoort, central to the heartland of Willowmore, Uitenhage and Jansenville was bought from the
Cape Government in 1875 in order to build a church and establish a town. By 1880 September the sale of
residential stands began. The town is named after Reverend Steytler, who pioneered the establishment of a New
Dutch Reformed Congregation. The architecture of the town is characteristic of the Victorian and Edwardian era.
Steytlerville
Project
Units
Project Type
Status
Challenge
The wide main road was designed for the time when ox wagons were the main form of transport. Steytlerville
had a brief diamond rush in 1910, a 4-carat diamond was found on farm Springbokvlakte. This operation was
suspended later on that year due to title deed restrictions. Steytlerville lies on the eastern part of Baviaanskloof
and it is one of the Karoo's most popular towns. The economic activities in Steytlerville include: wool and mohair
production - Angora goats and Dorper sheep; ostrich and goat farming.
Existing
18m2 units
94
PFHP
Feasibility study needed including
tachey survey of study area
before construction
Undecided
way forward
Incomplete
project
72
Greenfield
PFHP
Feasibility study assessments
including tachey survey needed
before construction of new
housing units
Funding
Proposed
project
-
Feasibility
study
assessment
for
community
residential
unit (CRU).
Unconfirmed project.
Undetermined
demand for
CRU projects.
Proposed
project
-
GAP
Unconfirmed project- Feasibility
study must determine needed
number of units in each node.
Undetermined
demand for
GAP housing
projects.
The urban residential areas in Steytlerville are fragmented consisting of the central and the newer residential
area to the west of the node. No industrial land uses are approved and business uses are concentrated in a linear
pattern along the main road (Baviaans Municipality, 2014)
Based on the Census 2011 figures Steytlerville has a population of 4017 persons and at a household density of
3,36 persons per household is home to 1196 households.
P
Based on the growth figures adopted in the Housing Sector Plan there will be an increase of 43 households by
2031, which combined with a housing waiting list of 656 gives a total housing demand of almost 700 households.
Given the above a total of 33 additional hectares of suitable land is required to address this shortfall by 2031.
The housing projects as set out in the Housing Sector Plan are reflected in Table 12. These projects are planned
to accommodate 253 households if those attributed to rectification initiatives are excluded.
housing-
4.3.6.6.4 R ESIDENTIAL D ENSITY
The gross residential density of the older portion of Steytlerville is 2,25 dwellings per hectare, while in
Vuyolwethu it is 10,85 units per hectare. The density of the older portion needs to be increased without
detracting from the aesthetic and heritage value of the settlement.
middle
income
Rectification
503
PFHP
Funding needed for verification
study
Funding from
DOHS
P
The development proposals contained in the SDF 2007 for specific areas are discussed below.
Incomplete
project
87
PFHP
Stop structure completed. Geo
tech needed and funds for it.
P
Area 1: The area is situated at the western access to the node and adjoins the R329 route. It consists of both
municipal and privately owned properties. As these sites are centrally located along the main road and between
the older town and newer residential developments, this area is suitable for the development of business
opportunities, either as the conversion of residential property or in the form of a business hive or formal sites
which are sold or leased. Care should be taken to ensure that the heritage value of existing structures is not lost
during the conversion of the usage of buildings.
Previously
blocked
projects and
funding
Special need
project (15
destitute)
-
Undetermined
Unconfirmed project- Feasibility
study must determine needed
number of units in each node.
Undetermined
need for
special needs
projects.
4.3.6.6.5 SDF 2007 H UMAN S ETTLEMENT A REAS
TABLE 12: STEYTLERVILLE HOUSING PROJECTS (HSP)
45
Area 2: The area adjoins the R329 and is currently being developed for subsidy housing.
Area 3: The area is situated to the south of the node on primarily municipal owned erven. The area is to be
investigated for industrial use. The majority of the erven within this area fall within the buffer zone surrounding
the new sewerage treatment works. The properties within this buffer zone can no longer be utilized for
residential purposes.
Area 4: This area is situated within the existing urban extent and is characterized by mixed residential buildings
and vacant land. This area is suitable for residential infill development consisting of mixed housing types. It is
proposed that a feasibility study be undertaken to determine the viability of a urban renewal and housing project
in the area.
The urban part of the settlement falls within a radius of 1,5km from the centre. There is therefore no need for a
formal public transport system within the settlement.
4.3.6.6.6.4
4.3.6.6.6.5
4.3.6.6.6.6
Area 6: This area is situated on the property which accommodated the golf course and club house. The site has
good vistas of the surrounding mountains and would be suitable for the development of a housing estate or
suburb. The servicing of this form of development will require the upgrading of the applicable bulk services and
linking infrastructure. A feasibility investigation is to be undertaken on the site to identify the opportunities and
constraints associated with such a development proposal.
4.3.6.6.6.7
4.3.6.6.6 B ULK S ERVICES S UMMARY
4.3.6.6.6.1
WATER
In the urban areas of Ward 2, the bulk water supply is derived solely from nine boreholes situated north of the
town. It is not envisaged that there will be water supply shortfalls in Steytlerville within the next 20 years,
provided that the Erasmuskloof project gets underway and is completed. There are two reservoirs currently in
use, both are situated in Vuyolwethu. (Baviaans Municipality, 2014)
4.3.6.6.6.2
SEWERAGE
The remaining 37 buckets toilets in Steytlerville still need to be eradicated.
Households in the older part of Steytlerville are reliant on septic tanks, while the more recent established
Volstruis Valley, Victoria- & Bosman Street (subsidy housing) is connected to the waterborne system which is
channelled into the Waste Water Treatment Works constructed to the south of the town.
A number of erven situated to the south of the settlement fall within the buffer zone surrounding the Waste
Water Treatment Works. Alternative land use needs to be sought for these properties.
The Landfill site situated to the north of Steytlerville will be formalised and is in the process of being licensed.
The current site will be rehabilitated and refurbished (Baviaans Municipality, 2014)
Area 5: The area will make a logical extension to the existing residential development and can be supported by
an extension of the existing service infrastructure. This area is to be investigated to determine its viability to
accommodate additional housing.
Areas 7 and 8: are situated to the west of the town and would form a natural extension to the adjoining suburbs.
The infrastructure requirements for such development would be able to integrate easily into the existing
infrastructure. An investigation into the viability of accommodating additional middle income housing on these
locations is to be investigated.
The primary roads in the town are tarred, while the majority are surfaced with gravel and in good condition. The
process of maintaining and upgrading roads is hampered by budget constraints. Storm water is managed in open
channels and via surface drainage. In this regard a stormwater management berm has been constructed to the
west of the town to prevent structural damage as a result of overland flow through the town. The location of the
berm limits urban expansion to the west.
E LECTRICITY
The municipality supplies electricity except in Ramaphosa and Vuyolwethu. Bulk electricity is inadequate and
requires upgrading from 1.5 kVA – 2.5 kVA. There are only a few households and businesses in the town area
which use rota meters, the rest of the houses in Ward 2 all have pre-paid meters. (Baviaans Municipality, 2014)
T ELECOMMUNICATIONS
Good telecommunications are available in the settlement.
4.3.6.6.7 S TEYTLERVILLE IDP P ROJECTS
The IDP projects identified in the IDP for Steytlerville are set out in the table below:
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
 Cricket pitch
 Speed bumps / pedestrian signs at entrances of Steytlerville town (in front of P. Baartman church and
zebra crossing lines only when entering SV from WM side).
 Animal health
 Bucket & septic tank eradication
 Waste disposal sites
 Recreational facility for youth, Steytlerville – renovate Pietie Fourie Bld
 Community Hall, Golden Valley renovate Pietie Fourie Bld
 Child & Youth care centre for vulnerable children, Steytlerville – Dept Social Development, Education
& BM
 Day hospital in Steytlerville
TABLE 13: STEYTLERVILLE IDP PROJECTS
The sewerage system can only be upgraded once the Erasmuskloof water project is completed.
(Baviaans Municipality, 2014)
4.3.6.6.6.3
PEDESTRIAN M OVEMENT
46
4.3.6.6.8 L AND O WNERSHIP
The municipality owns large amounts of land within and surrounding the settlement. There is therefore sufficient
municipal owned land in order to meet the demand for human settlement expansion.
OWNERSHIP
Ownership in
Steytlerville
No. of
Erven
Hectares
%
Municipal
89
2322.9627
44.71%
Private/Other
1564
2861.8914
55.08%
State
13
11.0006
0.21%
Total
1666
5195.8547
100%
(Eastern Cape Department of Human Settlements,
2014)
MAP 26: STEYTLERVILLE OWNERSHIP
47
4.3.6.6.9 S OCIAL AND E CONOMICS
4.3.6.6.9.1
SOCIAL AND C OMMUNITY FACILITIES
An assessment of social and community facilities has been undertaken. The outcome is set out in following table.
The shortfall is highlighted.
FACILITY
CSIR
GUIDELINE
REQUIREMENTS
CURRENT
PROVISION
CURRENT
SHORTFALL
(2014)
FUTURE
SHORTFALL
(2031)
Primary Health Care
1
1 (Clinic is too
small)
0
-
Mobile/Periodic Health
Clinic
-
1 (Not
currently
staffed)
0
-
Police Station
-
1
0
-
SAPS Contact Point
-
0
0
-
Fire bakkie pump
deployment point
-
0
0
-
Museum- small
-
0
0
-
Local Library
1
0
0
-
Mobile/Periodic Library
-
0
0
-
CIVIC
Post Office/Agency with
post boxes
1
1
0
-
Post Boxes
-
1
0
-
Office)
1
1
0
-
1
0
0
-
Cemetery
1
3
0
-
ABET/Skill Training
-
0
0
-
Special Education
-
0
0
-
Secondary School
1
1
0
-
Primary School
1
2
0
-
School
1
2
0
-
Small crèche/Early
Childhood Development
Centre
1
0
0
-
EDUCATION
Level surface playing field
1
Mobile/Periodic Home
Affairs Office
-
0
0
-
fields equivalent)
1
Mobile/e-Gov Integrated
Service
1
0
1
-
Grassed field (2 football
fields equivalent) with 500seat stand
1
Labour Office
1
0
1
-
Single hard surface court
1
Solid Waste Disposal Site
and Recycling Depot
1
1
0
-
1
Community Pool
1
SOCIAL SERVICES
-
1
0
-
1
Children’s Home
-
0
0
-
facilities
-
1
0
-
TABLE 14: STEYTLERVILLE COMMUNITY FACILITIES
1
0
-
4.3.6.6.9.2
Home for the Aged
ICT Access Point
1
Plan Level
Plan Level
CRIME
48
There is a Police Station and the town has a low level of crime which is likely to have a positive impact on local
economic development. (Baviaans Municipality, 2014)
4.3.6.6.10
S TEYTLERVILLE Z ONING M AP
The Steytlerville Zoning Map is outdated and needs to be revised in order to meet the requirements of SPLUMA.
Map 27: Steytlerville Zoning Map
49
4.3.6.6.11
S TEYTLERVILLE SPATIAL S YNOPSIS
Steytlerville is the second largest settlement and currently has a housing backlog of 853 households. Bulk service
infrastructure needs to be upgraded to enable the necessary human settlement development to address this.
Physical integration can be achieved through infill on underutilized land. The stormwater master plan proposals
need to be considered together with the need to increase the capacity of the cemeteries.
HOUSEHOLDS




1295 households
Backlog ± 853
Rectification projects
Verify previous settlement areas
ELECTRICITY
 Eskom – Vuyolwethu
 Upgrade main transformer
 Connections to 99 houses
BULK WATER
COMPACTNESS
EFFICIENCY
 Water Upgrading Required = Erasmuskloof project
(ESKOM, pumpsations and 20km pipeline) – 3-4 years
to completion
AND
AMENITIES
 Increased burial capacity at Cemeteries required.
INTEGRATION
 Stormwater Master Plan
SANITATION
COMMONAGE
 Commonage Management Plans Required
 Mapping of camps
 Additional land required
SOLID WASTE
MAP 28: STEYTLERVILLE SPATIAL SYNOPSIS
 Not authorised
50
4.3.6.7 R IETBRON
Rietbron was established in 1910, it lies in the heart of the Karoo on the R306 between Beaufort West and
Willowmore. There are less than 20 permanently occupied houses in the older part of the settlement, the rest
are vacation or weekend houses. The town was established due to the farming community’s need for a church,
school and other social facilities, these include: the Agriculture Association the school, the church, the Woman's
and Tennis Club. It was upon these facilities that the town was built. Rietbron has a vibrant mohair industry the
animals farmed for this practice are Angora goats, Merino and Dorper sheep. This town is also well known for its
Karoo lamb. In 1973 prospecting for uranium was done on Ryskuil farm, but when the prices of this mineral
dropped the prospecting came to halt. In 2004 prospecting resumed on farm Ryskuil and surrounding farms.
Rietbron also hosts an annual sports festival which is held in March, it is the town’s main event. Rietbron’s main
attractions are: the ACVV hall built in 1922, which was later converted into museum; the NG Kerk- Dutch
Reformed Church, hunting and camping, the Beervlei dam; Die Bron a well after which Rietbron is named; the
library and the Kanniedood aloe – which is endemic to the Karoo. Rietbron was part of the previous District
Management Area and was incorporated into BLM after the elections of 18 May 2011. Thus, the Spatial
Development Framework 2007 did not include this area. The financial implications for the incorporation of this
area into the SDF must be considered.
The current population is 1184 persons who make up 378 households at a density of 3.13 persons per household.
The number of households is expected to increase by 14 by the year 2031 and together with a housing waiting
list of 203 households equates to a housing demand of 217 houses. Given this 9ha of suitable land is required to
accommodate this demand.
A housing project initiated by the SBDM to accommodate approximately 300 beneficiaries has not commenced
due an inability to identify sufficient beneficiary numbers. No layout plan has been prepared.
4.3.6.7.4 R ESIDENTIAL D ENSITY
4.3.6.7.5.4
The condition of internal gravel roads is good.
The process of maintaining and upgrading roads is however hampered by budget constraints (Baviaans
Municipality, 2014)
4.3.6.7.5.5
Consultants have been appointed to deal with the formalizing of the solid waste site at Rietbron
4.3.6.7.5.6
E LECTRICITY
Eskom supplies electricity. Bulk capacity needs to be upgraded.
4.3.6.7.5.7
T ELECOMMUNICATIONS
There is access to telecommunication services in Rietbron.
4.3.6.7.6 R IETBRON Z ONING M AP
No zoning information is available for the settlement. In addition the cadastral information is inaccurate and
incomplete. A process needs to be followed to accurately establish the cadastral boundaries of the registered
erven in the settlement. This will enable an accurate land audit to establish ownership of the land parcels.
4.3.6.7.7 R IETBRON IDP P ROJECTS
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
 Sewerage system: Manenza Square
 Waste disposal sites
 Upgrading of caravan park
 Anti-Poverty Site – Siyazondla: Dept Agriculture
 Heritage educational programme: Cultural Affairs
 Rietbron – Training of artists in sewing & design
Jacobsville has a density of 14 units per hectare, while the older part of town has a density of less than 1 unit per
hectare. Residential development needs to be undertaken within the existing urban fabric to ensure a more
acceptable average density.
 World Book Day
No land ownership information can be mapped as the surveyor general information is not accurately reflected
for this settlement.
4.3.6.7.5 B ULK S ERVICES
4.3.6.7.5.1
 Animal health
TABLE 15: RIETBRON IDP PROJECTS
WATER
The main water supply comes from boreholes, which is augmented from mountain streams and current water
supply shortfalls exist.
Contamination of groundwater due to poor sanitation in erstwhile DMA.
4.3.6.7.5.2
SEWERAGE
Regular removal of sanitation from houses with septic tanks.
4.3.6.7.5.3
IRRIGATION W ATER
MIG funds will be used to establish an underground grey water irrigation system at the sport field in Rietbron
51
4.3.6.7.8 S OCIAL AND E CONOMIC
ICT Access Point
1
1
0
-
4.3.6.7.8.1
Post Office/Agency with post
boxes
1
1
0
-
There is a police station in Rietbron and the level of crime is low.
4.3.6.7.8.2
Post Boxes
-
1
0
-
Office)
1
0
1
-
1
0
1
-
Cemetery
1
2
0
-
CRIME
SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY FACILITIES
The social and community facilities provision is reflected in Table 16 and the shortfalls have been highlighted.
FACILITY
CSIR
GUIDELINE
REQUIREMENTS
CURRENT
PROVISION
CURRENT
SHORTFALL
(2014)
FUTURE
SHORTFALL
(2025)
EDUCATION
Primary Health Care
1
1
0
-
ABET/Skill Training
-
0
0
-
Mobile/Periodic Health Clinic
-
0
0
-
Special Education
-
0
0
-
Police Station
-
1
0
-
Secondary School
1
1
0
-
SAPS Contact Point
-
0
0
-
Primary School
1
1
0
-
Fire bakkie pump deployment
point
-
0
0
-
School
1
1
0
-
Small crèche/Early Childhood
Development Centre
1
1
0
-
Museum- small
-
1
0
-
Local Library
1
1
0
-
Mobile/Periodic Library
-
0
0
-
CIVIC
Mobile/Periodic Home Affairs
Office
-
0
0
-
Mobile/eGov Integrated
Service
1
0
1
-
Labour Office
1
0
1
-
Solid Waste Disposal Site and
Recycling Depot
1
2
0
-
SOCIAL SERVICES
-
2
0
-
Children’s Home
-
0
0
-
Home for the Aged
-
0
0
-
Level surface playing field
1
fields equivalent)
1
Grassed field (2 football fields
equivalent) with 500-seat
stand
1
Single hard surface court
1
1
Community Pool
1
1
facilities
-
Subject to detailed Investigation at
LSDF/Precinct Plan Level
TABLE 16: RIETBRON SOCIAL FACILITY ASSESSMENT
52
4.3.6.7.9 R IETBRON S PATIAL S YNOPSIS
Rietbron is the smallest of the primary settlements and consist of about 360 households. There is a severe lack of
social facilities, which forces residents to travel to Willowmore for basic needs. The apartheid spatial legacy is
very evident and needs to be eradicated through infill and connecting land uses and development.
HOUSEHOLDS
 360 households
 Backlog not known
ELECTRICITY
 Eskom
BULK WATER
 Ground water source
 Bulk Water Upgrading Required
VACANT LAND PARCELS
INTEGRATION
COMPACTNESS
EFFICIENCY
 Appropriate densification
 Implement an Urban Edge/Settlement Limit
AND
AMENITIES
 No bank or Post Office
 Upgrade rugby field
 Upgrade access road (R306) – From Willowmore and to
potential mining area
 No Stormwater Master Plan
SANITATION
 EIA and Licences to be obtained
SOLID WASTE
 Not authorised
MAP 29: RIETBRON SPATIAL SYNOPSIS.
53
4.3.6.8 B AVIAANSKLOOF
The primary spatial planning issue within the Baviaanskloof region is to meet the residents basic needs
(shelter/housing, water, sanitation etc) as well as to provide appropriate community and social services. These
needs must be met in a manner where the Municipal and sector departments resources can be focused in a
sustainable manner.
SUSTAINABLE LAND USE
HUMAN SETTLEMENT
 Living Lands and Baviaans Hartland Initiative
(Agreement Nov 2011)
 Goal to live off the land in a sustainable manner
 Communal nature reserves
 Cultivation in the valleys
 Alluvial fans and wetland rehabilitation
 Rehabilitated thicket – Carbon Credits
 Agri-tourism in the valleys
 Nature – tourism in the mountains
 Low accessibility to markets and facilities
 Small dispersed settlements and groups of farm worker
settlements
 Mostly on private land
 Road upgrade
ECONOMY
 Tourism
 Agriculture
SOCIAL
 Potential impact of dangerous game introduction on the
human settlement and safety
 Increased need for social facilities
TRENDS




Shift from agriculture to game reserve/tourism activities
Nature reserve expansion
Increasing tourism activity
Relocation of people due to changes to nature based
activities
HUMAN SETTLEMENT
STRATEGY
 The area is unique and needs specific attention –
possibly a regional SDF (SPLUMA)
 There is a need identify the location for focused resource
investment (housing, facilities and services)
 Participation of all the roleplayers
(Livinglands, 2014)
54
4.4 SUMMARY
The spatial planning issues identified in the preceding phases are listed below:
Identify the key agricultural areas to be protected
Implications of SPLUMA (Implementation of the SDF)
 Land Use policies (Taverns, etc.)
Address heritage resource protection
Rietbron
Integration
 Land Use Management - Zoning Map
 Identify potential infill areas
 Look at growth directions
Human Settlement Strategy and Hierarchy
 (Where should scarce resources be allocated and investment made – Implement CDM hierarchy)
Baviaanskloof Regional development
(Incorporate initiatives into the SDF)
– Hartland
 Focused resource investment within a settlement hierarchy.
 Access (Road upgrades)
Keep the settlements compact
Initiative
 Identify Urban Settlement Limits around the settlements
 Establish an appropriate density for new residential development
 Identify pedestrian pathways
Electricity to Vondeling (Off-Grid = Solar)
Landfill sites at Steytlerville, Willowmore and Rietbron
Climate Change Adaption
Provision and expansion of cemeteries.
Spoornet Property (CDM) – Transfers and policy re services
and housing provision
Human Settlement





Verify the relevance of the 2007 SDF settlement areas.
Verify the housing need (Differentiate between various subsidy forms and income levels)
Look at the impact of the lack of bulk services provision.
Social Facilities provision (Particularly schools, parks and sportsfields)
Quantify the area of land needed for human settlement
Extension of commonages
 Mapping
 Identify areas of possible expansion
 Identify potential conflict areas re biodiversity etc
Water supply from the farm Wanhoop – Acquisition of the
Property.
Identify and prioritise the Road upgrades
Set out the possible nature reserve expansion areas and map
potential implications
55
5 SURROUNDING SDF ALIGNMENT
A key component of this SDF is to ensure alignment between this municipality’s spatial proposals and those of
the surrounding municipalities. These alignment issues are identified below.






5.1 KOUGA LM








Baviaans Mega Reserve Planning Domain and conservation area affect Kouga Municipality. Access
road via Hankey and Patensie into the Baviaanskloof.
Baviaanskloof tourism route between Patensie and Willowmore in the Western Cape (gravel and 4x4
routes).
Tourism routes between the Western Cape and Kouga Municipalities (Langkloof) and the N2 via
Humansdorp (tarred roads).
Thyspunt electricity lines between Kouga and the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality.
Longmore Forest forestry area between Kouga Municipality and the NMBM.
Linear development along the Kromme River from St Francis into Koukamma Municipality.
Shared spatial planning resources between Kouga and Koukamma.
Coastal Management integrated with Koukamma Municipality and the Nelson Mandela Bay
Municipality.
5.2 CAMDEBOO LM





N9 tourism route from Middelburg to Western Cape via Graaff-Reinet and Aberdeen.
R75 road between Graaff-Reinet to Jansenville is main linkage with the coast and NMBM.
Area Based Focus Area 5 between Graaff-Reinet and Jansenville.
R61 linkage between Graaff-Reinet and Beaufort West.
Mountain Zebra Camdeboo Corridor Project.
R72 linkage between the NMBM, Sundays River Valley and Ndlambe Municipality.
Greater Addo Elephant Park Planning Domain.
Coastal Management between Ndlambe, Sundays River Valley, NMBM and Ngqushwa Municipalities.
Possible municipal boundary demarcation amendment at Groendal on the western side of the NMBM.
R75 between Uitenhage and Jansenville via Sundays River Municipality.
Acquisition and installation of the Erasmuskloof Water Augmentation plan for Steytlerville.
5.6 GEORGE LM




N9
Rail
Swartberg East Nature Reserve
Acquisition of the Farm Wanhoop
5.7 PRINCE ALBERT LM


Minor gravel road linkages
Extensive agriculture
5.8 BEAUFORT WEST LM



Proposed Mining to the north of Rietbron
R306 from Willowmore through Rietbron to Beaufort West
Extensive agriculture
5.3 IKWEZI LM




R75 road between Graaff-Reinet to Jansenville is main linkage with the coast and NMBM.
Darlington dam access from the R75 into Greater Addo Elephant Park, near Wolwefontein.
R75 dual function as tourism route, high truck volumes making use of road transport and serve
agricultural functions.
R338 - Wolwefontein to Klipplaat (Also part of the access route to Steytlerville from NMBM)
5.4 KOUKAMMA LM





N2 Garden Route linkage between NMBM and the Western Cape, primarily a tourism route.
Langkloof alternative route key function for transport of produce to Western and Eastern Cape.
Koukamma Municipality affected by the Baviaans Mega Reserve Domain.
Spatial planning capacity and support from Kouga Municipality.
Coastal Management integrated with Kouga and Bitou Municipalities.
5.5 SUNDAYS RIVER VALLEY LM

N2 between the Coega IDZ and Buffalo City IDZ.
56
6 SECTOR PLANS
Sector Plan
Status
SDF Implications
Water Services Development Plan
A Draft Water Services Development Plan was prepared by Uhambiso For the purposes of the SDF, the Census 2011 data was used to indicate the level of water and
Consulting in George. Contact: Mr Andre de Kock
sanitation services in the District. The recommendations of the WSDP will be incorporated in SDF.
Integrated Transport Plan
Engineering Advise and Services are in the process of reviewing the ITP The ITP provides a summary of roads and transport projects taking place at LM level, provincial
and maintenance plans of all roads in the District. Draft document will level (DRPW) and national level (SANRAL). Spatial implications will be incorporated during June
be available during June 2014. Contact: Cary Hastie
2014.
Electricity Master Plan
Source from Bennie Arends
Integrated Waste Management Plan
Baviaans Municipality has an IWMP.. Prepared in November 2008 by The Integrated Waste Management Assessment reflected in the CDM IDP indicating the status
KweziV3. In need for review. Contact: Mr Howard Skweza at the CDM quo of existing waste disposal sites and reflects spatially where priority intervention is required.
(Tel. 041-5087314). Also see CDM IDP.
Refer to SDF maps.
Disaster Management Plan
Disaster Management Plans under review for the LM’s. Contact: During the Drafting of the CDM SDF the need to spatially reflect climate change implication in the
Mandisa Nohashe (Tel. 041-5087125)
Disaster Management Plan was identified including flood areas, flood lines and possible drought
areas.
Housing Sector Plans
The Housing Sector Plan for the Baviaans Municipality was reviewed by The SDF reflects the latest housing information obtained from the HSP and the Census 2011 data.
GIBB. The final draft dated February 2014 was used in the preparation of
the SDF.
CDM Area Based Plan
The Baviaans ABP was prepared in August 2008.
To be determined.
The spatial implications of the ABP were incorporated in the SDF maps.
EC Biodiversity Conservation Plan, EMP and Climate Department of Water Affairs and Forestry Project No 2005-012, August The EC Biodiversity Conservation Plan 2007 was incorporated in the SDF maps. The need for the
Change
2007
preparation of an EMP was identified. Climate change implications to be addressed in the DMP.
Institutional Plans including: Workplace skills plan, These institutional plans were not sourced as part of the SDF Drafting Institutional Plans has limited spatial implications and are not reflected spatially in the SDF.
Human Resources Strategy and the Employment Equity process.
Plan
LED Management Plan and Action Plan
IDP p. 160-169
Spatial implications in LED Action Plan to be incorporated into SDF
Tourism Master Plan
Baviaans Tourism Master Plan
The spatial implications of the Tourism Routes and Tourism Focus areas contained in the Baviaans
Tourism Master Plan were incorporated into the Baviaans SDF maps.
TABLE 17: SECTOR PLANS
57
7 THE BAVIAANS SDF SPATIAL VISION
The effective provision of engineering services to the smaller and isolated settlements will require the
consideration of alternative and environmentally sound solutions.
The spatial vision statement has taken the key spatial elements from the Municipality’s Vision and Mission (As
recorded in the latest IDP) and set these out in a long term spatial vision statement for the Municipality.
8.1.4 APPROPRIATE LEVEL OF SOCIAL FACILITIES
A municipality where the integrated and efficient settlements of Willowmore, Steytlerville and Rietbron provide
residents with equitable access to basic services, housing and social facilities within a region where a growing
tourism and agricultural economy, based on the sustainable use of the arid region/Karoo resources as well as the
Baviaanskloof World Heritage Site, provides economic opportunities for all.
This Spatial Vision Statement can be expanded into three primary spatial goals:




Spatial Goal 1: Integrated and Efficient Settlements
Spatial Goal 2: Tourism and Agricultural Development
Spatial Goal 3: Sustainable Resource Use
Spatial Goal 4: Mainstream Spatial Planning
Which will focus all spatial planning and land use management. These goals are briefly expanded upon below.
8 SPATIAL GOALS
The identified spatial goals align with national planning directives and principle. These goals will guide the
development of objectives and strategies in later chapters
8.1 SPATIAL GOAL 1: INTEGRATED AND EFFICIENT SETTLEMENTS
The municipality will consist of an interconnected hierarchy of integrated and efficient settlements within which
people are able to advance themselves as much as possible. To achieve this, the following principles will be
applied.
8.1.1 MINIMUM VIABLE SETTLEMENT SIZE
It is also not viable for a full level of community and social facilities to be provided within each of the settlements.
8.1.5 SETTLEMENT HIERARCHY AND FUNCTION
The proposed settlement hierarchy for the municipality is aligned with the settlement hierarchy set out in the
Sarah Baartman District Municipality SDF.
8.1.6 COMPACTNESS AND FUNCTIONAL INTEGRATION
The Baviaans settlements will be compact as well as functionally and socially integrated
8.1.6.1 W ALKING DISTANCE
The settlements are currently at a pedestrian scale, where public transport is not required for access to services
and facilities within the settlement. Where possible urban development should take place within a walking
distance of 20 minutes or 1000m from facilities to ensure ease of access.
8.1.6.2 F UNCTIONAL I NTEGRATION
All social and commercial function and facilities will be located in close proximity to the residents as well as to
each other, while 50% of these should be within walking distance. In addition, development should integrate the
necessary social and community facilities needed for the additional households, while also making allowance for
the need for alternative ownership and residential typologies.
8.1.6.3 S OCIO E CONOMIC I NTEGRATION
The various socio-economic groups will be sensibly integrated by means of an effective socio-economic gradient
in order not to have a negative impact on the existing housing market. This will through varied housing typologies
enable integrated human settlements
Given the remoteness of some of the settlements it is recognised that the conventional approach to determining
a viable settlement size does not apply. Given this the principle of nodal development and focused resource
allocation was applied to establish a desirable hierarchy, which includes the identification of a new settlement
area in the Baviaanskloof. In order to achieve a viable size and appropriate economies of scale this new
settlement is intended to accommodate all the current housing need within the area.
8.1.6.4 E FFECTIVE DENSITY INCREASE
8.1.2 EFFECTIVE ALLOCATION OF SCARCE RESOURCES
8.1.6.5 URBAN EDGE - S ETTLEMENT GROWTH LIMIT
To effectively meet the needs of the majority of the residents, scarce municipal resources cannot be evenly
spread across all settlements. Most of the resources should be allocated to where the benefit will be felt by the
most people.
An urban edge/settlement growth boundary will focus human settlement development onto the appropriate
land in order to protect available natural resources. No urban development will be permitted beyond this
boundary.
8.1.3 APPROPRIATE LEVEL OF ENGINEERING SERVICES
The urban edge delimitation will include surrounding commonages, engineering services and facilities etc. while
the settlement growth boundary will identify the desired limit for human settlement development.
This also implies that the level of services delivered will not be the same in all of the settlements. Basic services
will be provided in all the settlements, while higher levels of services will be supplied to the higher order
settlements.
8.1.6.6 U RBAN RESTRUCTURING
New residential development within the settlements will contribute to the achievement of an average gross
density of 12-15 dwelling units per hectare. All new development should achieve densities of at least 15 units per
hectare and preferably higher.
The apartheid spatial patterns will be eliminated by means of effective social and functional integration through
infill development. The municipality will make use of existing vacant and underutilized land parcels within the
existing urban settlements before additional land on the periphery is utilised for human settlement purposes.
58
8.2 SPATIAL GOAL 2: TOURISM AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
8.3.4 USE OF APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY
The agricultural and tourism sectors of the economy have grown as a result of the investment in strategic road
infrastructure and the protection of land currently utilised for agricultural purposes.
Alternative and appropriate technologies are utilised to reduce the demand on non-renewable fuel energy and
scarce resource. Green building technologies are utilised in new human settlement developments i.e.
appropriate building orientation, construction materials, rain water harvesting etc.
8.2.1 EFFECTIVE LINKAGES TO MARKETS AND TO SERVICES
All the primary road linkages between the agricultural production areas and the tourism activity areas are
upgraded to at least a high quality gravel road, while the following are upgraded to tarred secondary road
standard:



Willowmore to Steytlerville cement road - R329
The road to Beaufort West through Rietbron - R306
The western Baviaanskloof access road (Till the entrance to the reserve)- R332
8.2.2 PROTECTION OF EXISTING AND POTENTIAL A GRICULTURAL LAND
The land used for agriculture has been mapped and is subject to land development guidelines that ensure that
there is minimal loss due to human settlement development.
8.2.3 COMMONAGE EXPANSION
The commonages of the settlements have been expanded to enable residents to participate in cultivation and
stock farming activities. The settlement growth boundary has effectively protected the identified commonage
area from human settlement encroachment.
8.3 SPATIAL GOAL 3: SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE USE
The municipality ensures that the basic needs of the residents as well as the poor are met through sustainable
resource use.
The environmental integrity of its natural resource is maintained.
8.3.1 ADOPTING THE CURRENT PROTECTED AREA NETWORK
The protected area network together with the proposed ecological linkages is acknowledged in the spatial plan
and the appropriate land use management guidelines implemented. The areas that have been identified for
protected area expansion have been mapped and are subjected to similar land use management guidelines as for
the protected area.
8.3.5 ALTERNATIVE ENERGY PRODUCTION
Green energy production developments (Solar and wind) are supported in principle provided that any negative
impacts on the tourism and agricultural economy are avoided. These developments, particularly wind energy
production facilities, have a high visual impact on the surrounding area and should be located away from existing
and future tourism focus area - Preferably outside of the 10km ‘buffer’ surrounding the World Heritage Site.
8.4 SPATIAL GOAL 4: MAINSTREAM SPATIAL PLANNING
Effective spatial planning and land use management is mainstreamed in all of the Municipal Departments and
has been integrated into the land use management components of all of the sector departments operating
within the Municipality. Effective participation by all residents in spatial planning is achieved through the
availability of information as well as through a knowledgeable citizenry.
8.4.1 SPATIAL INFORMATION
The municipality has an integrated and effective land information management system which contains updated
and accurate land information (Cadastral, ownership, zoning, SDF etc.) This system has been integrated with the
Land Use Management System required in terms of the Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act
(SPLUMA).
8.4.2 EXPERTISE AND CAPACITY
The Municipality has accessed the necessary capacity and resources to effectively undertake its spatial planning
and land use management mandate as set out in SPLUMA. This takes the form of both appropriate appointments
and partnerships with surrounding municipalities and/or the CDM.
8.4.3 PARTICIPATION
The participation requirements with regard to SPLUMA are adhered to fully in all spatial planning and land use
management actions. The residents also participate effectively as a result of focused capacity building and
information dissemination.
8.3.2 IDENTIFY AREAS SUSCEPTIBLE TO CLIMATE CHANGE
The areas susceptible to flooding are mapped as well as the potential temperature changes identified
geographically. In addition to this the areas which can assist to mitigate the potential impact of climate change
are identified and the appropriate land use management guidelines have been implemented to protect them.
The spatial implications of the climate change adaption strategies of other economic sectors (Particularly
agriculture) have been accommodated in the spatial planning of the Municipality
8.3.3 GROUND WATER PROTECTION
The areas which are subjected to high ground water abstraction have been identified and the appropriate land
use management guidelines set in place to protect those resources and catchments.
59
9 MUNICIPAL SPATIAL FRAMEWORK PLAN
Land use planning has, in the past, been focused on a socio-economic approach. This has meant that the need for
housing, agriculture, access was dealt with within the physical constraints of the natural environment.
Recent land use planning has elevated the role of biodiversity (ecosystems and their associated services) as a
resource upon which much of the economy of the municipality is based. The result is that the maintenance of a
fully functional ecological fabric is important for the continued provision of the goods and services necessary to
sustain human wellbeing.
The rural component of this SDF therefore focusses on “mainstreaming” biodiversity into the spatial planning of
the municipality. This is achieved by:



Delineation and rationalisation of the land management classes and guidelines contained in the
Eastern Cape Biodiversity Conservation Plan (2007) into Spatial Planning Categories (SPC’s). The
corresponding SPC’s are set out in Table 18 to Table 20
Delineating (Mapping) of the rural landscape into these SPCs. Refer to Map 30
Setting out guidelines for appropriate land use within each SPC.- Refer to Table 22
Please note that these SPCs do not confer development rights nor do they take away existing lawful land use
rights
9.1 BIODIVERSITY
The municipal spatial framework plan makes provision for protecting, enhancing and expanding the biodiversity
footprint through:

Management, expansion and linkage of the Baviaanskloof Nature Reserve and World Heritage Site.

Management and expansion of informal conservation (i.e. Stewardship areas and Conservancies),
especially within identified Critical Biodiversity Areas (CBAs) and proposed biodiversity corridors given
their linkage and climate change adaption function.
The biodiversity footprint dominates the southern part of the municipality and is centred on the Baviaanskloof
Nature Reserve and its linkages to the Kammanassie and Groendal Nature Reserves. These areas are significant
from both a terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity perspective.
.
Baviaans Municipality - Definition of SPCs
Land Use Management
CORE 1 AREAS
Core 1 Areas are those parts of the urban and
rural landscape required to meet biodiversity
patterns or ecological processes (i.e. critical
biodiversity areas). These include habitats
classified as highly irreplaceable, critically
endangered, or endangered terrestrial (land)
and aquatic (rivers and wetlands) habitats. These
also include areas currently not yet exhibiting
high levels of biodiversity loss, but which should
be protected and restored in order to ensure
biodiversity pattern and ecological process
targets/thresholds can be met in the most
efficient way possible. These also include
essential biological corridors vital to sustain their
functionality, but exclude intensive agriculture
and any commercial plantations within the
Mountain Catchment and Informal Conservation
Areas. Three components make up Core 1 Areas:
(i) Formal Protected Areas
(ii) Informal Conservation Network comprising
of Stewardship Areas, Conservancies, Private
Nature Reserves and Municipal Nature
Reserves:
(iii) Critical Biodiversity Areas (CBA), including
Critical Ecological Support Areas (CESAs) as
identified through a systematic conservation
planning process that have no formal
conservation status. These comprise
terrestrial or aquatic habitats, remnants or
features that must be conserved to meet
national biodiversity pattern or process
thresholds.
CORE 2 AREAS
Ecological Support Areas (ESAs) include areas
currently not yet exhibiting high levels of
biodiversity loss, but which should be protected
and restored in order to ensure biodiversity
pattern and ecological process targets can be met
in the most efficient way possible. Core 2 includes
areas that buffer or provide ecological support to
terrestrial or aquatic CBAs, river and ecological
corridors not classified as essential and Mountain
Catchment Areas.





Designate areas of the landscape of highest
conservation importance, whether currently
protected or not.
Inform expansion of the Protected Area network.
Delineate areas that must be maintained in, or
restored to, a natural state in order to sustain
biodiversity patterns and processes and the
functionality of eco-system services.
Identify areas of land that could serve as
biodiversity offset receiving areas.
In combination with Core 2 Areas, Core 1 Areas
spatially define the biodiversity ‘core’ of the
municipality.
Management of Core 2 Areas serves to restore and
sustain eco-system functioning, especially ecological
processes (i.e. rivers and seep clusters and their
respective buffers) in support of wetlands and rivers
in Critical Biodiversity Areas. Through protecting
riparian corridors the role of such corridors in
climate change adaption is enhanced, especially in
arid climatic areas.
TABLE 18: SPC: CORE 1 AND 2
60
9.2 AGRICULTURE
The Municipality has significant areas where extensive small stock farming is practiced, with limited cultivation
occurring in the Baviaanskloof Valley (Western portion). These areas need to be protected and have therefore
been classified in terms of the Spatial Planning Categories as Buffer and Intensive Agriculture.
The areas were additional cultivation can be practiced need to be identified and feasibility studies undertaken to
determine the economic viability of their use. In this regard the reason why the cultivation practices along the
Groot River Valley ceased needs to be established and measure put in place to ensure that this is revitalised if
economically viable.
Due to the remoteness of the area from agricultural markets the maintenance and upgrading of access routes
NMBM Market (R329) and Baviaanskloof Route (Western Portion - R332) - to the active agricultural areas needs
to be prioritised. In particular the cement road section between Willowmore and Steytlerville needs to be
upgraded to a formal tarred surface.
Land Use Management
BUFFER AREAS
Buffer Areas include areas designated as “Other
Natural Areas”, which are located in extensive
agricultural landscapes where livestock farming is
the dominant land use, often reflecting areas highly
impacted by grazing.



Refer to Table 20.
9.3 SETTLEMENTS

At a municipal planning scale the urban areas are classified as Settlement SPC’s. Refer to Table 19.
SETTLEMENT SPC
This category includes all settlements, and all forms
of new human settlement.

To develop and manage existing and new settlements
on a sustainable basis.
Where possible existing settlements (i.e. particularly
rural settlements) should be used to accommodate nonagricultural rural development activities and facilities for
reasons of;

local economic development;

consolidating, integrating and reinforcing
settlement structure;

improving service delivery;

strengthening rural-urban linkages;

promoting socio-economic development; and

increasing thresholds for service delivery and
social facilities.
TABLE 19: SPC: SETTLEMENT

Land Use Management


Manage for sustainable development of current
land use in the area.
Protect existing agricultural activity (i.e. livestock
production) to ensure food security, contribution
to the regional economy, maintenance and
management of rural areas and contributing to
the working and cultural landscapes.
Facilitate agricultural diversification and nonagricultural opportunities (e.g. game farming,
tourist facilities) and “value-adding” to the
primary product.
Accommodate space extensive and nuisance
urban uses, and extensive agricultural uses (e.g.
waste water treatment plants, piggeries,
abattoirs, etc.).
Enhance biodiversity through innovative
agricultural practices (e.g. veld management).
Minimize fragmentation of remaining natural
habitats and corridors.
Reverse lost biodiversity in order to reinstate
buffer zones and corridors.
Rehabilitate degraded areas (e.g. over-grazing).
INTENSIVE AGRICULTURE SPC
The Intensive Agriculture SPC comprises a
consolidation of the existing and potential intensive
agricultural footprint (i.e. homogeneous farming
areas made up of cultivated land and production
support areas).


Consolidating and protecting the existing and
potential agricultural footprint and landscape.
Facilitating sustainable agricultural development,
land and agrarian reform, and food security.
The Intensive Agriculture SPC includes:
(i)
Irrigated crop cultivation (annual and
perennial)
(ii)
Dry land crop cultivation including
tillage of non-irrigated crops (annual
and perennial)
(iii)
Commercial plantation areas
TABLE 20: SPC: BUFFER AND INTENSIVE AGRICULTURE
61
9.4 SETTLEMENT ORDER AND FUNCTION
Rietbron, Baviaanskloof (West)
Sub-Local Centre
It is not possible to rank or structure the rural settlements without an in-depth study relating to their housing
needs, potential for development and feasibility for service provision. With this in mind it is imperative that the
necessary studies be undertaken to enable the formulation of a rural settlement structure. The settlement order
and functioning of the settlements has been aligned with the Sarah Baartman District The settlement functioning
and planning priority for the settlements is set out in Table 21. The function and priorities set out in these table is
to guide development, social and community facilities provision as well as infrastructure investment.
Settlement Function
Spatial Planning Priority
Willowmore
Sub-District Centre
Settlement Function
 Municipal-scale administrative centre
 Municipal-scale service centre for
commercial and social goods and services.
 Residential development covering limited
range of economic bands (Middle-income –
Low-income).
 Potential for value-adding agro-industrial
processes.
 Potential for event-related tourism events.
 Land Management & Administration -CBD Revitalization
and associated planning.
 Sustainable Human Settlement Programme and
infrastructure investment - Public-funded settlement
development only in relation to defined need (Backlog
and growth associated with current population trends
and economic development potential)
 Urban development at higher densities in integrated
human settlements.
 Maintenance and upgrade of existing infrastructure.
Steytlerville
Local Centre
Settlement Function
 Local-scale administrative centre.
 Local-scale service centre for commercial and
social goods and services.
 Residential development covering limited
range of economic bands (Middle-income –
Low-income).
 Potential for value-adding agro-industrial
processes.
 Potential for event-related tourism events.
 Limit urbanization (sustainability) – Focus on
infrastructure and settlement backlogs and natural
growth patterns.
 Urban aesthetics and land use management (to support
local tourism) – CBD regeneration.
 Maintenance and upgrade of urban level of service
infrastructure.
 Environmental management (to support local tourism).
 Identify adequate commonage land to enable food
security and economic activity associated with stock.
 Minor administrative functions.
 Minor service centre for social goods and
services.
 Focused support of local economic
initiatives- agriculture-based.
 Prevent urban expansion beyond the planned
accommodation for backlogs in human settlements
(Focus on the formalisation of informal dwellings and
back yard shacks) and infrastructure.
 Areas where higher order facilities should be focused
in first instance.
 Maintenance and upgrade of existing infrastructure.
 Basic level of service extension with provision for
higher levels of service where feasible and
sustainable.
 Local planning to maximise use of existing resources.
 Identify adequate commonage land to enable food
Vondeling, Fullarton
Rural Settlements
Settlement Function





Primarily residential and livelihood
subsistence function.
Some provision of limited social goods and
services.

Basic level of service extension.
Local land use schemes to be negotiated.
Prevent urban expansion beyond the current planned
for. Accommodation of backlogs in infrastructure and
settlement (formalisation of the informal dwellings
only).
Identify adequate commonage land to enable food
Baroe, Mount Stewart, Millar, Studis,
Sandvlakte,
Rural Place
Settlement Function





Primarily residential and livelihood
subsistence function.
Some provision of limited social goods and
services.


Basic level of service extension.
Local land use schemes to be negotiated.
Prevent urban expansion beyond the current planned
for.
Accommodation of backlogs in infrastructure and
settlement (formalisation of the informal dwellings
only).
Identify adequate commonage land to enable food
Table 21: Settlement Order and Function
62
TABLE 22: SPC LAND USE MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES
LAND USES AND ACTIVITIES
LOCATIONAL CRITERIA
FORM AND SCALE
CORE 1 AREAS
While the majority of areas of significant biodiversity value are within protected areas, other
areas also manifesting as Core 1 occur in pastoral farming areas and require the following
land-use considerations:



“Wilderness” and pristine natural areas being essentially ‘no-go’ areas from a
development perspective. Accordingly they should, as far as possible, remain
undisturbed by human impact.
Conservation areas (formal and informal) being restricted to uses as identified in
approved integrated conservation development frameworks (e.g. Protected Areas
Management Plans.
Activities in agricultural areas (i.e. pastoral farming) within Core 1 Areas should be
subject to:

Lower impact practices

Lower than standard stocking rates

Resting cycles (i.e. rotational grazing)

Wetland and river bank protection and use setback to avoid overgrazing, trampling and destabilization

Avoiding areas containing red data species

Limiting “value-adding” to nature-based tourism

Restricting expansion of pastoral footprint
Furthermore, in all Core 1 Areas, land use be subject to the following:







Conservation management activities such as alien clearing, research and
environmental education should be encouraged.
Biodiversity-compatible uses (i.e. low impact) including:

Non-consumptive low-impact eco-tourism activities such as recreation
and tourism (e.g. hiking trails, bird and game watching, and visitor
overnight accommodation).

Harvesting of natural resources (e.g. indigenous plants for medicinal,
culinary or commercial use), subject to an Environmental Management
Plan, which demonstrates the sustainability of harvesting the specific
resource.
No development is permissible in proclaimed Wilderness Areas.
Fine-scale environmental sensitivity mapping to inform the
placement of essential buildings or structures in Core 1 Areas.
Where buildings and structures in Core Areas are justifiable,
“touch the earth lightly” construction principles should be
applied to ensure that development is in harmony with the
character of the surrounding landscape and to ensure the
maintenance of its natural qualities.
Wherever possible, structures associated with activities in Core 1
Areas should preferably be located in neighbouring Buffer Areas.
The receiving environment and aesthetic qualities of an area
must be the determinant of the scale and form of development.
Where structures associated with biodiversity-compatible
activities are located in Core 1 areas, these should preferably be
located on currently disturbed footprints.
Good management practices, with small low density footprints,
appropriate technology and design concepts (e.g. Enviro-loos,
temporary structures, green architecture and use of natural
resources).
Restrict development in Mountain Catchment Areas given the
importance of the Baviaainskloof and Kouga Mountains as water
catchment areas and ensure good management practices in these
catchments insofar water run-off/yield and quality (e.g. natural
run-off and decreased sediment loading).
Temporary structures to be preferred (e.g. wooden structures,
tents and canopy structures), with units carefully dispersed or
clustered to achieve least impact. Raised boardwalks preferred
or alternatively porous materials and design concepts.
Stringent management programs for resource harvesting
informed by determination of carrying capacity and a
management plan to ensure appropriate harvesting techniques
and volumes, as well as access.
Where Core areas are identified on land that has no formal conservation status (e.g.
private farm), no further loss of natural habitat should occur through intensive or
extensive agricultural expansion.
Given the often high visual or aesthetic value of these landscapes, no large-scale
eco-tourism developments to be permitted.
Land consolidation should be encouraged and sub-division discouraged.
Conservation initiatives (e.g. Stewardship, Conservancies) be promoted to expand
the conservation footprint on private land.
Incentivising consolidation of the conservation estate by:

Introducing limited low density eco-housing development rights
63

LOCATIONAL CRITERIA
FORM AND SCALE

Financial incentives (ito. the Property Rates Act)

Other incentives (e.g. resource economic approaches)
Restricting new urban and rural settlement development subject to Settlement SPC
criteria.
CORE 2 AREAS
Biodiversity – compatible and low impact conservation land uses as per Core 1 Areas, but
allowing for a limited increase in scale of development in less sensitive areas provided
ecological processes are not disrupted. To be informed by environmental sensitivity mapping,
transformation thresholds and cumulative impacts. Biodiversity offsets may be necessary in
this case.
As for Core 1 Areas, also recognising the following:

Sensitive siting of renewable energy generation
installations (e.g. solar) given that Core 2 areas
comprise a significant component of tourism viewsheds (i.e. the foothills) which frame the Grootrivier
Valley and Baviaanskloof Valley as well as the tourism
routes which traverse these foothills

Siting of such renewable energy installations be in
accordance with the proposed Provincial Guidelines in
this regard.
Where existing agricultural activities (e.g. pastoral) occur in Core 2 Areas, it should be subject
to:
-
Lower impact practices
Lower than standard stocking rates
Resting cycles (i.e. rotational grazing)
Wetland and river bank protection and use setback to avoid over-grazing, trampling and
destabilization
Avoiding areas containing red data species
Limiting “value-adding” to nature-based tourism.
As for Core 1 Areas, also recognising the following:

Requirement for achieving limited development
footprints of low density to inform the scale and form of
renewable energy installations.
Incentivise consolidation of the conservation estate by:
-
Introducing limited low density eco-housing development rights
Financial incentives (i.t.o. the Property Rates Act)
Other incentives (e.g. resource economic approaches)
Restricting further extensions of intensive or extensive agriculture.
BUFFER AREAS
Activities and uses directly relating to the primary agricultural enterprise
Farm buildings and activities associated with the primary agricultural activity, including a
homestead, agricultural buildings and worker accommodation
Additional dwelling units, including:
- Units approved under the agricultural-land policy equating to 1 additional non-alienable
dwelling unit per 10ha to a maximum of 5 per agricultural unit.
- Units permissible in terms of eco-housing development (i.e. in lieu of consolidation of
conservation properties).
Location of primary agricultural activities (e.g. livestock
production) to be informed by the exclusion of steep slopes,
wetlands, floodplains of rivers and streams (and associated
buffers), as well as areas of remnant vegetation.
Development in support of primary cultivation (e.g. product
handling and processing) to be located within or peripheral to the
farmstead precinct or as distinct clusters at farm outposts.
Development associated with farm diversification or “value
adding” should;
Development of the primary agricultural enterprise (e.g.
livestock production) to comply with existing guidelines for
extensive agriculture, including;



carrying capacity as per Departmental guidelines per farm
property;
veld management and soil erosion control; and
agricultural setback on wetlands, rivers and streams as
per Conservation of Agricultural Resources Act (No 43 of
1983)
Building development to reflect the style, scale, form and the
significance of the farmstead precinct or farm outpost, their
64
LOCATIONAL CRITERIA

Additional land uses to facilitate diversification and “value adding” including;






small-scale holiday accommodation (farmstay, B&B, guesthouse, boutique
hotel);
restaurant, lifestyle retail, venue facility;
farmstall and farmstore;
home occupation;
local product processing (e.g. cheese-making); and
tourist & recreational facilities (e.g. hiking trail, 4x4 routes).
No fragmentation of farm cadastral unit, with spot zoning and consent uses employed to
accommodate non-agricultural uses.

not result in excessive expansion and encroachment
of building development and land use into the farm
area; and
not be located in visually exposed areas given the
extensive landscape of extensive farming areas.
Development (i.e. farm diversification or “value-adding”) to be
located within or peripheral to the farmstead precinct or outposts
and should be accommodated in re-used, converted or replaced
farm buildings (i.e. existing footprint) or to target disturbed areas.
FORM AND SCALE
buildings and setting.
In the absence of existing farmsteads or outposts, development
to reflect compact and unobtrusive nodes, conforming to local
vernacular in terms of scale, form and design.

Development design (e.g. resort) to maintain and
enhance the dominance of the agricultural
landscape, continuation of green spaces, riverine
corridors, and dominant landscape features (e.g.
ridge lines)
Location of additional development to be informed by existing
farm road access and existing on-line or off-grid services network.
On-farm settlement of farmworkers, using existing housing stock.
INTENSIVE AGRICULTURE SPCs
Activities and uses directly related to the primary agricultural enterprise.
Farm buildings and associated
accommodation, etc.).
structures (e.g.
homestead,
barns,
farm
worker
Additional dwelling units approved under the policy of 1 additional non-alienable dwelling unit
per 10ha, up to a maximum of 5 per farm.
The location of agricultural activities will be dictated by local onfarm agro-climatic conditions (e.g. soils, slope, etc.), but wetlands,
floodplains and important vegetation remnants to be kept in a
natural state.
Ancillary activities should be located within or peripheral to the
farmstead precinct (preferably in re-used or replaced farm
buildings and disturbed areas), not on good or moderate soils,
and linked to existing farm road access and the services network.
Farming to be undertaken in accordance with existing
guidelines regarding slope, setbacks around wetlands and
streams, etc. (as per CARA Regulations).
Facilities for ancillary on-farm activities should be in scale with
and reinforce the farmstead precinct, enhance the historic built
fabric and respect conservation-worthy places.
Landscaping should complement existing planting patterns.
Ancillary rural activities of appropriate scale that do not detract from farming production, that
diversify farm income, and add value to locally produced products, e.g.;






small-scale rural holiday accommodation (e.g. farmstay, B&B, guesthouse, boutique
hotel);
restaurant, rural lifestyle retail; function venue facility;
farmstall and farmstore;
home occupation (farm product processing);
local product processing); and
rural recreational facilities (e.g. riding school).
Fragmentation of farm cadastral unit should be prevented, and
consent uses and spot zoning employed for managing ancillary
on-farm activities.
Consolidation of cadastral units should be promoted, especially
where farms have conservation-worthy natural remnants and
offer potential ecological corridor opportunities.
Ancillary on-farm activities in an Intensive Agriculture SPC will be impacted on by surrounding
farming activities (e.g. dust generation, spray drift, etc.), and such impacts should not be
grounds for restricting farming production.
65
LOCATIONAL CRITERIA
FORM AND SCALE
Non-agricultural related land uses and activities associated with
rural development initiatives should, where-ever possible, be
located in existing settlements. Preference should be given to
settlements along dominant routes and accessible to bulk
services corridors. The SDF and its urban edge component to
define areas suitable for the expansion of existing settlements.
Visual impact considerations should be taken into account,
especially within settlement gateways and visually sensitive
landscapes.
New buildings and structures should conform to the massing,
form, height and material use in existing settlements.
Large scale resorts and tourist and recreation facilities should not be accommodated within
Intensive Agriculture SPCs as they detract from the functionality and integrity of a limited
irrigated agricultural footprint.
Intensive-feed farming should not be accommodated in Intensive Agriculture SPCs due to its
operational impacts (e.g. odour and traffic) and utilisation of scarce irrigable land.
Nurseries in Intensive Agriculture SPCs should limited to those propagating local crop types.
SETTLEMENT SPCs
Agricultural activities of excessive scale and non-agricultural activities not suited for location
in the Intensive Agricultural and Buffer 1 and 2 Areas to be located within settlements or their
“fringe areas”. These activities include:
-
Off-farm residential development for farm worker accommodation (e.g. in
“agricultural suburbs”) and rural dwellers.
Agricultural industry (e.g. wine bottling plant) and regional product processing (e.g.
abattoir, tannery).
Institutions (e.g. jail or rehabilitation centre).
Agricultural colleges and schools.
Large-scale tourist accommodation (e.g. hotel) and facilities (e.g. waterpark).
Service trades.
Footloose business, including farming co-operatives, agricultural requisites and filling
stations.
Where new settlements need to be established, consideration
needs to be given to;

New settlements should be restricted to servicing of geographically isolated farming areas or
areas demonstrating a high farm-worker population (e.g. Baviaanskloof);
Amendment of existing settlement urban edges be in accordance with the municipal SDF..




environmental
impact
(e.g.
wastestream
management) ;
visual impact, especially on the rural landscape;
availability and sustainability of the provision of bulk
services
historical settlement patterns and form; and
natural landscape and topographical form as design
informants.
When accommodating development in existing settlements the
following principles should be adhered to;






retain the compact form of smaller settlements;
maintain and enhance public spaces;
reinforce the close relationship of settlements to
the regional route structure;
integrate new development into the settlement
structure;
respect and cultural places and heritage; and
respect local vernacular.
66
9.5 ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
The economic activity is primarily located in the two main settlements. This activity is then linked by tourism
routes along which tourist facilities are located. The maintenance of these routes is vital to the continued viability
of these tourist facilities as well of the agricultural sector. The Grootrivier (T3) and Baviaanskloof (T1) routes are
priorities from an accessibility perspective. At a municipal scale the upgrading of the concrete section of R329
between Willowmore and Steytlerville will have a significant impact on the economy of the Municipality and is
highlighted as key spatial planning intervention.
9.6 SOCIAL FACILITIES
Sustainable human settlements cannot be achieved without the provision of adequate social facilities. To be cost
effective the provision of these facilities needs to be tailored to the size and characteristics of each settlement. In
August 2012 the CSIR Guidelines for the Provision of Social Facilities in South African Settlements were published.
This guideline document seeks to provide a quantitative and rational framework for the provision of key social
facilities for various levels of settlements to support the planning process and provide support to the social
facility investment plans. Firstly the guide provides an indication of which facilities can be expected to be
provided in settlements of different sizes. The provision largely relates to meeting basic needs within a
framework of the operational viability/cost efficiency of each facility type and indicates where mobile or periodic
services would be a more appropriate level of service. Secondly, the guideline is a compendium of knowledge
regarding appropriate access distances to facilities, as well as the number of people who are typically required to
be living within this access distance to support the facility in question. These guidelines are to be used when
evaluating the provision of community and social facilities in the proposed human settlement areas.
determine the most effective methods to deliver services and housing in the Kloof. These are briefly set out
below:








An accurate needs assessment (Both for housing and associated community and social services.
The ability of the Municipality and other associated Departments (Health, Sports and Recreation, etc.)
to render the required services on a sustainable basis
The availability and sustainable provision of bulk services (Especially water)
The possible impact on the ground water resources of the area
The impact on the socio-economic environment of the area as well as on the individual beneficiaries
and surrounding land owners. (Including and assessment of the potential impact on the World
Heritage Site)
The evaluation of alternative settlement options i.e. Alternative locations and service provision
methods. (The Bosdorp location should not be accepted as the desired location for focussed human
settlement without the evaluation and assessment of alternatives)
The establishment of an inter-departmental forum, which will be tasked with the formulation of a
human settlement proposal for the Western Kloof region.
Public participation and transparency.
The establishment of an interdepartmental forum to source funding for, manage and drive the formulation of
human settlement strategy for the Kloof is prioritised.
9.7 BAVIAANSKLOOF HUMAN SETTLEMENT
The Baviaanskloof is the only area within the Municipality where adequate basic services are not available to
residents. The provision of adequate housing, social and community facilities is therefore a priority but is
currently encumbered by the following factors:









The presence of small dispersed settlements and groups of farm workers.
The current provision of community facilities is dispersed, which reduces the advantages of a central
location and therefore increases the need to travel.
During flood episodes communities are isolated.
The area is isolated from any main service center.
The economy and employment is based on agricultural and tourism activity.
The conversion of agriculture to nature reserve/biodiversity activity reduces employment activity
unless there is a conversion to and focus on tourism activities.
Some settlements are situated within areas, which have been and may in the future be re-populated
with dangerous game.
The proximity to a World Heritage Site.
The lack of bulk services.
The Department of Economic Development and Environmental Affairs through the Eastern Cape Parks and
Tourism Agency (ECPTA) have identified the need to establish a suitable settlement area as a focus for their
accommodation and settlement relocation needs. To this end the ECPTA have initiated a process to deproclaim
the area on which some workers housing is located (Known as Bosdorp) so that it will no longer form part of the
Nature Reserve. During the public participation process numerous concerns and issues were raised which need
to be taken into consideration when undertaking the necessary pre-feasibility and feasibility assessments to
67
MAP 30: MUNICIPAL SPATIAL FRAMEWORK PLAN
68
The un-highlighted areas highlighted represent those areas which can be accessed to address the longer term (i.e.
Beyond 2031) human settlement land needs. What must be noted is that that the Phase 1 settlement areas have been
prioritised for subsidy housing. This could include a component of GAP and social housing depending on the demand
identified. It is accepted that the demand for upper-middle and higher income dwelling units will be met by the
proposed private land development initiatives (e.g. Area 14) and the development of and subdivision of vacant erven
within the settlement..
10 WILLOWMORE SPATIAL PLANNING
10.1 WILLOWMORE SPATIAL BUDGET
The following bullets summarise the housing demand for Willowmore:




A total of 597 units are required by 2031 (This figure includes the entire backlog/waiting list figure of 527
households)
Approximately 28 ha of land is required to meet this total demand.
If it is assumed that 60% of the backlog/waiting list will be eradicated during the validity period of this SDF
(Once the necessary bulk services have been installed) then approximately 337 units need to be built in the
next 5 years.
For the 5 year period of this SDF approximately 15 ha needs to be made available.
The areas and the anticipated dwelling unit yield are reflected in the table below:
Phasing
1
2
Area
Area (Ha)
Possible Hh yield @ 30perha
HS 13
11.85
355.49
HS 16
1.45
43.58
HS 17
1.20
36.13
HS 2
2.14
64.24
HS 3
3.61
108.44
HS 4
14.79
443.56
NHS 5
1.55
46.51
NHS 6
3.38
101.26
HS 18
2.79
83.65
NHS 7
15.71
471.39
NHS 9
39.71
1191.38
TOTAL
150.62
4518.70
Possible Hh yield Sub-Total
607.88
233
TABLE 23: WILLOWMORE SPATIAL BUDGET
The Human settlement areas highlighted in yellow fall within the area already serviced with full waterborne sanitation.
These areas will be prioritised for development (Feasibility assessments to commence immediately). These Phase 1
Human Settlement Areas can potentially yield 607 dwelling units if developed at a density of at least 30 units per
hectare. Human Settlement Area 4 has been identified as an alternative to Area 13. Should the full yield not be
achieved on Area 13 then Area 4 should be prioritised.
FIGURE 1: WILLOWMORE HUMAN SETTLEMENT AREAS
10.2 WILLOWMORE SPATIAL PLAN
The spatial proposals reflected on the following pages form the Willowmore Spatial Plan. This plan forms the
framework within which urban development takes place. To give effect to these proposals detailed precinct plans and
layout planning action s will need to be undertaken.
69
70
71
72
proposed private land development initiatives and the development of existing vacant erven within the settlement.
The figure below highlights the Phase 1: human Settlement areas.
11 STEYTLERVILLE SPATIAL PLANNING
11.1 STEYTLERVILLE SPATIAL BUDGET
The following bullets summarise the housing demand for Steytlerville:

A total of 699 units are required by 2031 (This figure includes the entire backlog/waiting list figure of 656
households)
then approximately 406 units need to be built once the services backlogs have been eliminated..



The areas and the anticipated dwelling unit yield for each is reflected in the table below:
Phasing
Area
Area (ha)
Possible Hh yield @
30perha
HS 4
2.54
76
HS 6
7.85
236
HS 8
2.37
71
HS 11
1.05
32
HS 5
10.25
308
HS 1
1.81
54
HS 7
3.77
113
HS 2
4.85
145
HS 3
2.73
82
HS 10
8.83
265
TOTAL
46.05
1382
Possible Hh yield Subtotal
1
414
2
967
TABLE 24: STEYTLERVILLE SPATIAL BUDGET
The Human Settlement areas highlighted in yellow fall within the area already serviced with full waterborne sanitation
and are prioritised for development. Phase 1 Human Settlement Areas can potentially yield 414 dwelling units if
developed at a density of at least 30 units per hectare. The feasibility assessments for these areas should be
commences as soon as possible to enable the quantification of the bulk services requirements as well as to establish
the overall feasibility of development. The areas without highlighting have been earmarked for human settlement
development in the period beyond 2031.The full development of Phase 1 (Yellow) will enable the Municipality to meet
the housing demand projected to 2031.What must be noted is that that the Phase 1 settlement areas have been
prioritised for subsidy housing. This could however include a component of GAP and social housing depending on the
demand. It is accepted that the demand for upper-middle and higher income dwelling units will be met by the
FIGURE 2: HUMAN SETTLEMENT AREAS
11.2 STEYTLERVILLE SPATIAL PLAN
The various spatial proposals reflected on the following pages when combined to form the Steytlerville Spatial Plan.
This plan forms the framework within which urban development takes place. To give effect to these proposals detailed
precinct plans and layout planning action s will need to be undertaken.
73
74
75
12 RIETBRON SPATIAL PLANNING
12.1 RIETBRON SPATIAL BUDGET
The following bullets summarise the housing demand for Rietbron:



A total of 203 units are required by 2031 (This includes an assumed housing backlog of 189 units)
then approximately 117 units need to be built in the next 5 years.

The areas and the anticipated dwelling unit yield for each is reflected in the table below:
Phasing
1
Area
Area (ha)
Possible Hh yield @
30perha
Possible Hh yield Subtotal
HS 1
10
300
300
TABLE 25: RIETBRON SPATIAL BUDGET
Area 1 forms a natural extension to the area already serviced with full waterborne sanitation. These areas will be
prioritised for development (Feasibility assessments to commence immediately). These Phase 1 Human Settlement
Areas can potentially yield 300 dwelling units if developed at a density of at least 30 units per hectare and meet the
housing need to beyond 2031. This area has been prioritised for subsidy housing, but should include a component of
GAP and social housing depending on the demand identified. It is accepted that the demand for upper-middle and
higher income dwelling units will be met by the many vacant erven within the town. The subdivision of these erven
should be encouraged to prevent the unnecessary expansion of the urban area. This subdivision should be focussed on
the areas closest to the bulk sewer network.
12.2 RIETBRON SPATIAL PLAN
The combined spatial proposals form the Rietbron Spatial Plan. This plan will form the framework within which urban
development takes place. To give effect to these proposals detailed precinct plans and layout planning action s will
need to be undertaken
76
77
13 CONCLUSION AND IMPLEMENTATION
The Spatial Development Framework presented in this report gives spatial expression to the Baviaans Municipality’s
service delivery and development agenda as set out in the Municipal IDP. It also is aligned with the surrounding local
municipal and district spatial frameworks as well as with the National Development Plan imperatives. The Framework
establishes a settlement development framework that will address the future needs of all residents by creating a
logical network of settlements within which the necessary social and community services can be provided. In addition
to the delivery of human settlement land, accompanied by the necessary bulk services the following key spatial
interventions have been identified for implementation during the planning period of this plan:






The upgrading of the concrete section of R329 between Willowmore and Steytlerville
The purchasing of the Farm Wanhoop in order to secure the long term sustainability of Water Supply to
Willowmore
The development and acceptance of a human settlement strategy for the western part of the
Baviaanskloof:
The implementation of the “Path out of poverty” initiatives being implemented in the Rietbron.
Maintenance of the rural gravel road network
Ground water protection across the municipality, but particularly within the western and north western
sectors, needs to be prioritised to ensure the long term sustainability of the agricultural sector.
KEY SPATIAL INTERVENTIONS
CONCRETE ROAD UPGRADE -Upgrading of the concrete
section of R329 between Willowmore and Steytlerville to a
tarred surface.
FARM WANHOOP PURCHASE -Purchasing of the Farm
Wanhoop in order to secure the long term sustainability of
Water Supply to Willowmore.
The following requirements and inputs are however required to enable the above intervention to be effective:


Bulk Services upgrades are required before any of the larger human settlement areas can be implemented.
The housing backlog and the associated real need for housing needs to be established - This will ultimately
guide housing delivery beyond the planning term of this SDF.
The implementation framework, which identifies the key actions that need to be undertaken to give effect to the
proposals contained in this Spatial Framework is attached as Annexure B.
KEY REQUIREMENTS
BAVIAANSKLOOF HUMAN SETTLEMENT - Development
and acceptance of a human settlement development
process and plan for the western part of the Baviaanskloof.
POVERTY ALEVIATION - Implementation of the “Path out of
poverty” initiatives being implemented in Rietbron
Bulk Services Upgrading - Upgrading of the bulk services
capacity to enable human settlement development.
GRAVEL ROAD MAINTENACE- Maintenance of the gravel
road network.
HOUSING BACKLOG - Accurate determination of the housing
backlog and ‘real need’ for housing.
GROUND WATER PROTECTION - Protect the ground water
resources particularly in the west and north west.
78
14 BIBLIOGRAPHY
South African Council for Planners, 2014. Feedback on SPLUMA. SACPLAN Bullietin, March, p. 9.
STATSSA, 2012. Census 2011 Statistical Release - P0301.4/Sensus South Africa, Pretoria: Statistics South Africa.
Baviaans Municipality, 2009. Water Services Development Plan 2009/2010, s.l.: s.n.
Baviaans Municipality, 2013. Integrated Development Plan 2013-2014 - Final, s.l.: s.n.
Baviaans Municipality, 2013. Motivation Report: To Purchase the FArm Wanhoop, s.l.: s.n.
Baviaans Municipality, 2014. IDP Steering Committee Minutes 6 March 2014, s.l.: s.n.
Baviaans Municipality, 2014. Ward 1 Ward Based Development Plan, s.l.: s.n.
Baviaans Municipality, 2014. Ward 2 Ward Based Development Plan: 2013-2014, s.l.: s.n.
Baviaans Municipality, 2014. Ward 4 Ward Development Plan 2013-2014, s.l.: s.n.
Baviaans Municipality, n.d. Ward 3 Ward Based Development Plan 2013-1014, s.l.: s.n.
CES, C. a. E. S., 2011. CHDM Climate Change Response Framework Specialist Report: Water Resources, s.l.: CHDM.
CSIR, 2011. CHDM Climate Change Response Strategy Spaeialist Report: Biodiversity, s.l.: CHDM.
CSIR, 2012. CSIR Guidelines for the Provision of Social Facilities in South African Settlements, s.l.: CSIR.
DRDLR, 2013. Guidelines for the Development of Municipal Spatial Development Frameworks, s.l.: s.n.
Eastern Cape Department of Human Settlements, 2014. Baviaans Local Municipality Housing Sector Plan Review 20142019, s.l.: s.n.
ECDEDEA, The Eastern Cape Department of Economic Development, Environmental Affairs and Tourism, 2014. Eastern
Cape Sustainable Energy. [Online]
Available at: http://greenenergy-ec.co.za
[Accessed 05 August 2014].
http://adrianfrith.com, 2014. http://census2011.adrianfrith.com. [Online]
Available at: http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/267
KV3 Engineers, 2008. Integrated Waste Management Plan for the Baviaans Municipality - November 2008, s.l.: s.n.
Livinglands, 2014. Livinglands. [Online]
Available at: www.livinglands.co.za
[Accessed Friday September 2014].
Local Government Business Network, 2014. Local Government Business Network. [Online]
Available at: www.lgbn.co.za
[Accessed 1 July 2014].
One World Sustainable Investments, ?. CHDM Climate Change Response Framework Specialist Report: Agriculture
(Commercialand Subsistance), rural Livelihoods and Food Security, s.l.: CHDM.
Republic of South Africa, 2014. South Africa Government online. [Online]
Available at: www.gov.za
[Accessed 1 July 2014].
SANBI, n.d. East Cape Biodiversity Conservation Plan, s.l.: s.n.
79
ANNEXURE A: HSP HOUSING PROGRAMME SUMMARY
Annexure E HSP Housing Projects Programme\Municipal Housing Projects from HSP.pdf
80
ANNEXURE B: IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK
81

BAVIAANS SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK 2014

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