TAMS4CPS_Roadmapping-WS-Documentation_05-2015

Transcription

Documentation
1st TAMS4CPS Roadmapping Workshop
Brussels, 21 May 2015
Compiled by:
Sabine Hafner-Zimmermann, Steinbeis-Europa-Zentrum (SEZ)
26/08/2015
The TAMS4CPS project is co-funded by the European Community's Horizon 2020
Programme under grant agreement no 644821.
Documentation
Table of Contents
Participants .................................................................................................................................. 3
1
Introduction................................................................................................................... 4
2
Background.................................................................................................................... 5
3
Workshop agenda and aims ........................................................................................... 6
3.1
Agenda
3.2
Workshop aims ............................................................................................................................................................................. 6
4
Roadmapping process .................................................................................................... 8
4.1
Introduction to M&S for CPS......................................................................................................................................................... 8
4.2
M&S Themes............................................................................................................................................................................... 11
4.3
Participants’ trends and priorities ............................................................................................................................................... 13
4.4
Elaboration of TAMS4CPS roadmap ............................................................................................................................................ 23
5
M&S Roadmap sketches ............................................................................................... 32
6
Next steps .................................................................................................................... 42
............................................................................................................ 6
© TAMS4CPS Consortium
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Participants
Abbrev.
Name
Organisation
Prof. Hans Vangheluwe
University of Antwerp, Belgium
PEM
Pär-Erik Martinsson
Luleå University of Technology
SC
Silvia Castellvi
Atos Spain
EC
Eva Coscia
Holonix
PP
Paolo Pedrazzoli
University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland
(SUPSI)
DM
Dimitris Mourtzis
University of Patras - Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems &
Automation
SK
Stamatis Karnouskos
SAP
JH
Julius Hermann
Óbuda University
Les Worth
Selex ES
SP
Sabri Pllana
Linnaeus University
PJP
Paul Palmer
Loughborough University
MAS
Murray Sinclair
JSF
Prof. John Fitzgerald
Newcastle University
Zoe Andrews
LD
Lipika Deka
MR
Meike Reimann
Steinbeis-Europa-Zentrum SEZ
Sabine HafnerZimmermann
Sarah Mortimer
Claire Ingram
CI
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1 Introduction
The roadmapping workshop which took place on 21 May in Brussels was the first one within the
framework of the TAMS4CPS project. TAMS4CPS is an EU-funded project with the mission to develop
a strategic research agenda for collaboration (SRAC) to foster Trans-Atlantic research in Modelling
and Simulation (M&S) for Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). The project started in February 2015 and will
run for two years. The first step in developing this SRAC was to draft a roadmap and identify the most
important and pressing issues of M&S for CPS. To this end, nearly 20 researchers and practitioners
active and renowned in the field came together to elaborate a first roadmap as well as sketch out
concrete solutions for the highly prioritised issues identified.
In the following, an outline of the approach and the activities undertaken during this workshop are
given. This draft roadmap will be further discussed with the TAMS4CPS expert community and
elaborated during several theme-specific workshops conducted during the coming months. At the
end of the project, the SRAC will give a comprehensive picture on future research priorities to lay the
foundations for future Trans-Atlantic collaboration opportunities.
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2
Background
Technology roadmapping is applied by various organisations to support the process of strategy
development and planning with regard to the future development and use of technologies.
Roadmaps are frequently developed to identify and visualize strategically relevant aspects and routes
of future development/activities. In the following, this information is used to strategically assess
existing gaps to achieve or implement these and to detect how to overcome them
The main benefit of roadmapping is that it provides information that helps to make better
technology investment decisions. It does this by identifying critical technologies or technology gaps
that must be filled to meet performance targets, identify future markets etc.
Frequently, a matrix-shaped roadmap layout as displayed below is used. It contains two axes, one
horizontal, time-based axis and one vertical axis displaying the dimensions relevant for the field in
question. This structure allows to depict and integrate a large number of different aspects across a
broad time horizon spanning from today until the longer-term future.
Roadmapping usually is a workshop-based approach which, for a certain pre-defined theme, aims to
in a structured way elaborate ideas on how the future might look like for this theme. Also, the
approach aims to improve communication between those with different perspectives but does not
aim to provide a definitive picture of the future.
To best capture the issues which are most relevant for TAMS4CPS, the layers used for the TAMS4CPS
roadmapping were
-
Trends and drivers: both general, mega-trends and CPS-specific trends,
-
Needs and requirements for the development of M&S for CPS,
-
Research Themes along the 5 TAMS4CPS themes on M&S for CPS,
-
Technologies and technological developments in M&S for CPS, and
-
Enablers and barriers such as funding, infrastructure, resources etc.
In the next chapter, the roadmapping process is described in detail.
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3
Workshop agenda and aims
3.1 Agenda
1st Roadmapping Workshop
09:15
Registration
09:30
Welcome, Introduction and Overview
SEZ, LU, UNEW
10:15
Participants present trends & priorities (5 min per participant)
ALL
11:00
Elaborate and Prioritise Trends & Drivers
ALL
11:30
Coffee Break
11:45
Elaborate and Prioritise Needs & Requirements of M&S for CPS
12:15
Lunch
13:15
Elaborate, Discuss and Prioritise Research Themes for M&S
ALL
14:30
Discuss Enablers and Research Collaboration
ALL
15:00
Coffee Break
15:15
Group Work: Develop Mini-Roadmaps for prioritised topics
Groups
16:15
Presentation of Mini-Roadmaps
Groups
16:30
Wrap-up (including Feedback)
SEZ, ALL
17:00
End
ALL
3.2 Workshop aims
The TAMS4CPS roadmapping process aims to
-
Lay the basis for the Strategic Research Agenda for Collaboration (SRAC),
-
Identify technology needs, research and development priorities in M&S for CPS,
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-
Ensure clarity of the M&S for CPS definitional framework which was elaborated as TAMS4CPS
Deliverable 1.1,
-
Include the socio-economic perspective, identify industrial and societal needs for the five
TAMS4CPS themes.
As described above, the roadmapping process was conducted using a dedicated roadmapping
methodology. Thus, the process was based on the template below using the dimensions tailored to
the TAMS4CPS project needs. The following chapter will give the details of the roadmapping process.
Now
2015
Shortterm
Medium
-term
Longterm
2017
2019
2021
Vision
beyond
2021
Trends for M&S for CPS
Needs &
Requirements
(M&S for CPS)
Trends &
Drivers
Mega-trends
M&S for CPS Themes
Architectures principles and models for
autonomous safe and secure CPS
Systems design, modelling and virtual
engineering for CPS
Real-time modelling for autonomous
adaptive and cooperative CPS
MBSE applied to computing platforms
and energy management
Required
Developments
in M&S
(technologies)
Integration of socio/legal/governance
models within modelling frameworks
Enablers /Barriers
Funding and collaboration
opportunities
Regulatory environment /governance
Standards/IPR regime (industry)
Business Models
Education & Training, Skills, Knowledge
resources
Infrastructure / Architectures
Other
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4
Roadmapping process
4.1 Introduction to M&S for CPS
The workshop was opened by Meike Reimann (SEZ) from the TAMS4CPS project consortium who
welcomed the workshop participants. Following, Zoe Andrews (Newcastle University) gave an
overview on and a definition of modelling and simulation (M&S) for Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) as
well as a distinction between EU and US understanding, challenges and opportunities.
Very briefly, CPS from a European perspective refers to ICT systems (sensing, actuating, computing,
communication, etc.) embedded in physical objects, interconnected (including through the Internet)
and providing citizens and businesses with a wide range of innovative applications and services.1 For
a graphical distinction between CPS and related areas, see also the figure below. From a US
perspective, CPS can be described as smart systems that encompass computational (i.e., hardware
and software) and physical components, seamlessly integrated and closely interacting to sense the
changing state of the real world. These systems involve a high degree of complexity at numerous
spatial and temporal scales and highly networked communications integrating computational and
physical components.2 Thus, an initial overview might suggest that European usages place more
emphasis on the "cyber" aspect of CPS, whereas the US definition pays equal attention to both the
"cyber" and "physical" part.
Figure: Relationship between CPS and related areas3
Zoe continued giving a definition of modelling and simulation. Following the EU-supported
COMPASS-Project, a model can be defined as a partial description of a system, where the description
1
EC, 2013. European Commission. Cyber-Physical Systems: Uplifting Europe’s Innovation Capacity. Report from the
th
th
Workshop on Cyber-Physical Systems: Uplifting Europe’s Innovation Capacity, 29 – 30 October 2013, Brussels. December,
2013.
2
Energetics Inc., 2013. Foundations for Innovation in Cyber-Physical Systems, US Dept. Commerce, Washington DC, US:
National Institute of Standards and Technology.
3
Cf D5.2. Technical report: http://www.cyphers.eu/sites/default/files/D5.2.pdf, 2014.
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is limited to those components and properties of the system that are pertinent to the current goal
(COMPASS D11.3)4. Modelling in turn can be described as the activity of creating models. Very
generally, simulation can be defined as the imitation of the operation of a real-world process or
system, e.g. a model, over time.5
The challenges in the field of M&S from an EU perspective according to the CyPhERS project6 include
-
-
-
Multi-domain modelling: no established body of knowledge on how to adequately model all
the relevant aspects of cyber-physical systems
o
useful combinations of those aspects and the required level of abstraction – to
effectively reason about its physical, technical, or organizational properties
o
methodical guidelines are missing how to use suitable abstractions of (parts of) a
cyber-physical systems at varying level of detail to enable the engineering of those
systems with a sufficient level of confidence concerning the quality of the
implemented systems
Complexity: realization of cyber-physical systems challenges engineering technologies with a
new level of complexity
o
size and heterogeneity of those systems including cross-technology and crossorganization aspects
o
issues like self-configuration and self-optimization as well as life-update and lifeextension
Disruptive business models: established networks may prove inadequate for the new
business models and dynamic value-chains implemented by cyber-physical systems and the
flexibility of the technical and organizational processes supported by them
In contrast, the most relevant challenges from a US perspective7, are
-
Lack of common terminology, modelling languages, and rigorous semantics for describing
interactions – physical and computational – across heterogeneous systems
-
Current models for human and machine behaviours are not adequate for designing CPS when
humans and machines closely interact
o
-
Modelling and measuring situational awareness – human perception of the system
and its environment and changes in parameters that are critical to decision-making
The difficulty of verifying performance, accuracy, reliability, security, and various other
requirements
4
COMPASS D11.3. Convergence Report 3; Document Number: D11.3. Technical report, http://www.compass-research.eu,
October 2014.
5
CPS-VO. Cyber-Physical Systems Virtual Organisation. Tagcloud. Available online: http://cps-vo.org/tagadelic, accessed
April 2015.
6
Cf CyPhERS D6.1+2. Bernhard Schätz, Martin Törngren, Saddek Bensalem, María Victoria Cengarle, Holger Pfeifer, John
McDermid, Roberto Passerone and Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli. Integrated CPS Research Agenda and
Recommendations
for
Action.
Document
Number:
D6.1+2.
Technical
report:
http://www.cyphers.eu/sites/default/files/d6.1+2.pdf, 2015.
7
F Energetics Inc., 2013b. Strategic R&D opportunities for 21st Century Cyber-Physical Systems, Washington DC, US:
National Institute of Standards and Technology.
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o
e.g., challenges in modelling privacy requirements so that a system can be validated
against these requirements
-
Lack of formalized high fidelity models for large systems, insufficient ways of measuring
performance, and inadequate scientific foundations
-
Modelling the security threat, developing a formal approach to CPS vulnerability
assessments, and designing evolutionary and resilient architectures to handle rapidly
evolving cyber and physical threats
-
Call for new governance models – both domestic and global – for providing standards,
protocols, and oversight of systems that operate both in physical and cyber space
-
Fused business models (of the IT industry with those of engineering-based industries) are not
yet well-established and can be difficult to convey
Opportunities related to the development of M&S for CPS include from the EU perspective8:
-
Cost-effective development: current approaches to CPS design and verification are already
stretching the limits for cost-efficient system development
o
-
Interoperability: making systems inter-operable is not only a technical endeavor, […] it is
important that technical solutions are considered in conjunction with for example business
drivers and regulations to make sure that "standards" are developed at the right level
o
-
new methodologies (methods and tools) are needed as enablers for cost-efficient
development of such systems, paving the way for solid means for verification and
certification
paving the way for novel CPS applications, and facilitating market expansion
Standards: evolve standards that may be preventing or even blocking innovation
o
support detailed investigations […] to investigate deficiencies and desired evolution
of regulations
From a US perspective9, the following opportunities are deemed most relevant:
-
Development of new, formal modelling methods to create robust, physically relevant
simulations that accurately recreate scenarios that CPS systems will experience in operation
-
Creating domain-specific design frameworks that are built on generic but customizable
methods and tools would contribute substantially to reducing time to market, development
costs, and the complexity of the design process
-
Models that are adaptive, implementable at varying degrees of sophistication, and optimized
for human interventions will help manage risks and safety as systems move toward mixedinitiative modes of operation
8
CyPhERS D5.2. Martin Törngren, Saddek Bensalem, María Victoria Cengarle, John McDermid, Roberto Passerone and
Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli. CPS: Significance, Challenges and Opportunities. Document Number: D5.2. Technical
report: http://www.cyphers.eu/sites/default/files/D5.2.pdf, 2014.
9
Energetics Inc., 2013b. Strategic R&D opportunities for 21st Century Cyber-Physical Systems, Washington DC, US: National
Institute of Standards and Technology.
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-
4.2
Innovative approaches to abstractions and architectures that enable seamless integration of
digital and physical systems for control, communication, and computation are needed […] to
support and facilitate cost-effective integration
M&S Themes
TAMS4CPS focuses on the on the four major themes identified in the Artemis JU Strategic Research
Agenda (SRA) as well as on a fifth cross-cutting theme. These are briefly described below.
Theme 1: Architectures Principles and models for Autonomous Safe and secure Cyber-Physical
Systems
-
Covers all aspects of systems architecting, but particularly focuses on development of
modular and composable architectures that take account on non-functional aspects, such as
safety and security.
-
Eventually, such models must include the human element in a disciplined fashion and may be
used to support assurance and even certification requirements.
-
The area of developing and agreeing standards is particularly important for this theme.
Theme 2: System Design, modelling and virtual engineering for Cyber-Physical Systems
-
Concerned with increasingly complex modelling of increasingly complex systems
-
Autonomous systems interacting with humans will require new developments in M&S that
should be extended to reliable verification and validation
-
A feature of this aspect of modelling will be dynamic models that capture accurately selforganising systems containing embedded software
-
Virtual engineering as a means to explore more extensive solution spaces will also be a
feature of this theme
Theme 3: Real time modelling for Autonomous adaptive and cooperative Cyber-Physical Systems
-
Models that can be used to control dynamic systems (more efficient use of resources and
adaptability over the life-cycle to ensure sustainability)
-
Includes aspects of machine learning and distributed decision-making by CPS
-
Focus om Human machine interfaces
Theme 4: Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) applied to Computing Platforms and energy
management
-
Concerned with energy efficient computing and includes the better management of large
distributed networks of devices
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-
Emphasis of this theme is on the use of MBSE to describe, and hence manage large networks
that dynamically reconfigure
-
Environmental modelling will also be important in this theme
Theme 5: Integration of socio/legal/governance models within modelling framework
-
Focus on the integration of heterogeneous models that afford an integration of embedded
software with models of the real world
-
Models of technical systems must necessarily make assumptions about the operational
environment and the rules of operation. However, to better understand the complexities of
massive CPS in the everyday world, models must be developed that include social, legal, and
governance aspects of the overall system
-
This is an area of growing importance both for safe operation and for understanding better
how the full power of CPS can be exploited
12
4.3 Participants’ trends and priorities
Following the introduction to the theme and the process of the workshop, the participants briefly presented themselves and their M&S priorities and vision to
the audience. The issues brought up during this introductory round are displayed below. This step aimed to introduce the participants with each other as well as
their background and fields of interest, and to establish a common basis and understanding by the participants which facilitates the following thematic
discussions.
Dimitris Mourtzis, Lab for Manufacturing Systems and Automation (LMS)
Timeline
Now
Short
Medium
Long
Vision
Developments in M&S
for CPS
Computer-controlled machine
tools and equipment; robots
performing repetitive tasks,
fenced off from people
Hardware in the loop
simulation modelling for
systems-of-systems
Advanced data mining for
analysis and trend
identification
Adaptable and Selflearning models for CPS
Multi-disciplinary and multidomain real-time simulation
for CPS
Consider / Exploit Internet of
Things in manufacturing
modelling and simulation
Cloud-based data storage
with increased security
Developments towards
standardization
Development of web-based
engines and software
Integration with existing
simulation tools
Rationalization of existing
software and conversion to
parallel computing / webbased paradigms
AutomationML – OPC-UA
integration
Collaboration &
Relevant Funding
Schemes in EU and US
EU: H2020 2014-2015 Calls
CPSoS – CSA H2020
CAPP-4-SMEs – FP7
CyPheRS project – FP7
etc.
Smarter, connected
processes for agile and
efficient production
Real-time Situational
Awareness
Smart Grid / Factory /
Worker
Symbiotic (robots work
safely with people in
shared spaces)
Knowledge management
and reasoning for
manufacturing
Holistic Virtual Factory
Models and Simulation
USA: Cyber-Physical Systems
(CPS), Cyberinfrastructure
Program
EuroCPS – H2020
USA: Engineering and Systems
Design (ESD) program - NSF
USA: Cyberinfrastructure
Program
N/A
Interoperable, smart, and
autonomous hardware and
software components
Novel AI technologies,
allowing for the use of
extensive computing power
Natural language processing
together with technical
information (CAx)
N/A
USA: Engineering and
Systems Design (ESD)
program - NSF
EU: H2020 FoF-ICT
The TAMS4CPS project is co-funded by the European Community's Horizon 2020 Programme under grant agreement no 644821.
Documentation
Paolo Pedrazolli, SUPSI
Now
Timeline
CPS M&S
Trends & Drivers
Short
Medium
Long
Open and Cloudbased Simulation
Multi-disciplinary and Multidomain simulation
simulation methodologies and multidisciplinary
tools for the design, engineering and
management of CPS-based Factories, in order to
strategically support production-related activities
during all the phases of the factory life-cycle,
from the integrated design of the product process - production system, through the
optimization of the running factory, till the
dismissal/reconfiguration phase.
Simulation for Lifecycle Management
Needs & Requirements
(M&S for CPS)
Digital Consistency &
Security
Handling of big data
Digital continuity
Simulation scalability
Synchronization of
Digital and Real World
Multidisciplinary integrated
simulation
Vision
John Fitzgerald, Newcastle University
Timeline
Now
Short
Medium
Long
Vision
CPS M&S
Architectural Frameworks &
Modelling (SysML, UML)
Domain-specific:
automotive, transport, smart
grid.
Transition to low-carbon
economy
Urban population growth
CPS integration (SoCPS?),
support for conformance and
verified emergence;
Trends &
Drivers
Co-modelling & co-simulation
Model integration (FMI etc.)
Semantics & formal techniques
Marshalling big data/cloud.
Threats to infrastructure
Growing verification
capability & efficiency
(domain-specific)
14
Climate change
CPS for the social good (energy,
transport, sustainability):
Documentation
“Smart”
resilience and need to
address them.
SoS & IoT
Needs &
Requirements
(M&S for CPS)
Guidelines for model production
Architectural Patterns
Socialise CPS concept: recognition
across domains and countries
Demonstrators of wellfounded M&S in CPS.
First integrated toolchains
demonstrated.
Clear business cases for M&S
in CPS.
Curricula & communities of
interest in CPSEng
integrating digital and other
Eng. Disciplines.
Developments
in M&S for CPS
First semantic integrations under
development.
Foundations for semantic
interoperability to support
co-simulation
Not CPSs, but CPS thinking;
Effective tools to engage
stakeholders and domain
experts in CPS design
Documented cases of
robust multi-disciplinary
M&S.
CPS Eng. graduates in
leading roles.
Effective multidisciplinary
design teams for CPS.
Quality CPS engineering
education.
Efficient large-scale cosimulation based on multiparadigm models.
European ecosystem in CPS
design technology
CPS Eng. graduates in lead
technical roles
Semantic interoperability
supporting verification and
model integration.
Evidence management
tools.
Efficient Verification &
simulation methods (for
design space
exploration).
Enabling smooth trade-off
across C/P boundaries.
Semantically well-founded
verification of CPS-level
properties.
CPS you can trust.
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Murray Sinclair, Loughborough University
Timeline
Now
Short
Medium
CPS M&S
Creating hybrid models of CPS
Trends &
Drivers
Developing M&S approaches for
highly-variable, probabilistic,
interdependent components
Developing M&S approaches for
highly-variable, probabilistic,
interdependent components
Developing M&S approaches for highlyvariable, probabilistic, interdependent
components
Using models for V&V for very
large CPS
Using models for V&V for very
large CPS
Using models for V&V for very large CPS
Modelling networks of business
contracts
Modelling networks of business
contracts
Use of M&S to control CPS,
including the updating problem
Use of M&S to control CPS,
including the updating problem
Using M&S to model sustainability
and its amelioration
Using M&S to model sustainability
and its amelioration
Understanding what M&S of
complex systems is telling us
Understanding what M&S of
complex systems is telling us
Maintaining ‘Quadruple trust’:
protection (from loss or
corruption), security (from
malicious attacks), privacy (private
from all but the intended
users), safety (from unintentional
loss, corruption, or disclosure
corruption), security (from
malicious attacks), privacy
(private from all but the intended
users), safety (from unintentional
loss, corruption, or disclosure
Needs &
Requirements
(M&S for CPS)
Long
Use of M&S to control CPS, including the
updating problem
M&S for combined CPS
Using M&S to model sustainability and
its amelioration
Understanding what M&S of complex
systems is telling us
Using M&S to control CPS we no longer
understand.
corruption), security (from malicious
attacks), privacy (private from all but the
intended users), safety (from
unintentional loss, corruption, or
disclosure
16
M&S for systems
within CPS that learn
Using M&S to control
CPS we no longer
understand.
Vision
Documentation
Modelling Intrinsic complexity
(problem) and induced complexity
(organising to deal with it)
Modelling Intrinsic complexity
(problem) and induced complexity
(organising to deal with it)
Modelling Intrinsic complexity (problem)
and induced complexity (organising to
deal with it)
Exploring options for transferring
complexity to more amenable
parts of the modelled system
complexity to more amenable
parts of the modelled system
complexity to more amenable parts of
the modelled system
Using M&S to analyse business
model & architecture to move
complexity to where it can best be
addressed
Using M&S to analyse business
model & architecture to move
complexity to where it can best be
addressed
Using M&S to analyse business model &
architecture to move complexity to
where it can best be addressed
Standards for M&S
Standards for M&S
Modelling ethical behaviour in
systems (to meet legal/governance
issues)
Modelling ethical behaviour in
systems (to meet
legal/governance issues)
Modelling individuals within
communities (to meet needs, e.g.
health care)
Modelling individuals within
communities (to meet needs, e.g.
health care)
M&S for systems within CPS that
learn
M&S for systems within CPS that
learn
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Stamatis Karnouskos, SAP
Source: Leitão, Colombo, & Karnouskos (2015), Technical Report, Unpublished/under review.
Area
Key Challenges
Difficulty
Priority
Maturity in
Real-time control of CPS systems
high
high
4-7 years
Real-time CPS SoS
high
medium
3-5 years
Optimization in CPS and their application
high
medium
4-7 years
On-CPS advanced analytics
medium
high
3-5 years
Modularization and servification of CPS
low
high
3-5 years
Energy Efficient CPS
medium
medium
3-5 years
Lifecycle Management of CPS
medium
medium
5-8 years
Management of (very) large scale CPS and CPS-SoS
high
high
5-8 years
Security and Trust Management for heterogeneous CPS
high
high
5-8 years
Safe programming and Validation of CPS SoS
high
high
5-10+ years
Resilient risk-mitigating CPS
high
high
5-10+ years
Methods and tools for CPS lifecycle support
high
high
3-7 years
CPS Capabilities
CPS Management
CPS Engineering
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CPS Infrastructures
New operating systems and programming languages for CPS and CPS SoS
medium
low
3-6 years
Simulation of CPS and of CPS-SoS
medium
high
3-6 years
Interoperable CPS services
medium
high
2-5 years
Migration solutions to emerging CPS infrastructures
medium
high
3-6 years
Integration of heterogeneous/mobile hardware and software technologies in CPS
low
medium
2-4 years
Provision of ubiquitous CPS services
medium
medium
3-5 years
Economic impact of CPS Infrastructure
high
high
3-6 years
Autonomic and self-* CPS
high
medium
7-10+ years
Emergent behaviour of CPS
high
medium
7-10+ years
CPS with Humans in the Loop
high
high
2-5 years
Collaborative CPS
medium
medium
5-8 years
Artificial Intelligence in CPS
high
high
7-10+ years
Cross-Domain large-scale information integration to CPS Infrastructures
medium
low
6-9 years
Transformation of CPS data and information analytics to actionable knowledge
high
high
4-8 years
CPS Ecosystems
CPS Information Systems
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Documentation
Knowledge-driven Decision Making/Management
high
medium
6-10+ years
Paul Palmer, Loughborough University / Webnebulus Ltd.
Timeline
Now
Short
Medium
Long
Vision
CPS M&S
Increasing complexity and
functionality
Deployment of IVP6
based systems.
Standards for sub
system interfaces.
Plug and play for complex system
components.
Reducing cost fabrication, cost 3-D
Printing
Platform independence
Standards for physical
components
Self configuring
interfaces between
subsystem components
Trends &
Drivers
Custom complex parts and subsystems.
Smart building blocks
IPV6
Needs &
Requirements
ethernet and text de facto standards
for linking subsystems:
(M&S for CPS)
Are they secure?
Modeling of of system
interaction and validation
of security and privacy
CPS Domain certified
modelling prior to
manufacture
Are they private?
Interaction between subsystems?
20
M&S of changes to
deployed systems of
mixed architectures
Rapid simulation and modelling before
commit to manufacture of systems
comprising a mix of new and predeployed components. cf Internet
Documentation
Gyula Hermann, Óbuda University, Budapest, HUNGARY
Timeline
Now
Short
Medium
Long
Vision
CPS M&S
Product modelling as a system
Requirement engineering
Legal impact
Trends &
Drivers
Self adaptive product model
Smart modelling
Change and increase of
information content
Impact of technological
change
Single life cycle model
Virtual executable model
Intelligent sensor networks
Application of mathematical
results related to large
networks (graph based)
New method for information
exchange
Needs &
Requirements
Increase of flexibility
Inclusion of new aspects
(M&S for CPS)
Multilevel integration of
current levels
Windows into other systems
Environmental impact
Standardised modules
and systems
Include uncertainty
Include business modelling
Include exception
handling
Increase adaptability
Learning capabilities
Failure mode and effect
modelling
Developments
in M&S for CPS
Modelling for preventive
maintanence
Meta language for system
description and simulation
Extensive graphic tools
for simulation
Modelling and simulation of small
scale manufaturing systems
Simulation of traffic flow and related
costs
21
Simulation with
uncertainty included
Behaviour model
Documentation
Hans Vangheluwe, University of Antwerp
Timeline
Now
CPS M&S
Growing complexity
Trends &
Drivers
- heterogeneity
Short
Medium
Long
Vision
- dynamic structure
- emergence
- adaptability
- human(and groups of)-in-the-loop
Needs &
Requirements
Deal with above complexity
(M&S for CPS)
Supporting M&S tools
Integrated vision of CPS systems development
(on longer silos).
Standardization
Integrate analysis (of non-functional
properties) with simulation, testing,
maintenance, ...
Scale-ability
Modular composition
Developments
in M&S for CPS
FMI
FMI++ (dynamic, multiformalism) interoperability
Modelica
Integration of domain-specific
and general-purpose modelling
Semantic adaptation
Modelverse
Collaboration
& Funding
Schemes in EU
and US
COST Action MPM4CPS
22
Multi-Paradigm Modelling (multi-formalism,
multi-abstraction, process)
4.4 Elaboration of TAMS4CPS roadmap
The roadmapping process was conducted in five steps. An interactive workshop approach was
applied using a large template (see also section 3.2) which was completed layer-wise starting from
the top dimension and moving down to the bottom:
1. Elaboration and priorisation of trends and drivers
2. Elaboration and priorisation of needs and requirements of M&S for CPS
3. Elaboration, discussion and priorisation of research themes for M&S (along the five
TAMS4CPS themes)
4. Discussion of enablers for M&S as well as research collaboration in the field of M&S
5. Group work to refine prioritized topics in form of a mini-roadmap
Elaboration and priorisation were conducted in a similar manner for all dimensions. First, the
participants received post-it notes which they populated with the issues they thought were most
important for the respective dimension. Then, these were explained and pinned onto the template.
Following, the issues were clustered and given an overall labelling. Finally, the participants were
given a number of adhesive dots to identify the most important issues from their point of view.
In the following, you find the list of the issues clusters which were ranked highest in each dimension.
To further process the issues which came up during the workshop, the participants were asked to
also write down their acronym (see participants list on page 3), the theme addressed (T1 – T5) and
the time horizon envisioned (Now, S, M, L, Vision) onto the post its. These are, where available,
included below, too. The time horizons will be incorporated into the analyses to come. The overall
results matrix is shown below.
Documentation
Trends & Drivers of M&S for CPS
No of
points
Issues cluster and sub-issues
11
Complexity and automation
-
8
Modelling of complex manufacturing systems (M, JH)
Process optimisation/effectiveness increase (S/M, SK)
Automation pyramid evolution, right hierarchical levels, also at manufacturing level
(M, PP)
- Net based simulation engines and sensors connection for supply chain (DM)
- Embedded intelligence in HW equipment for self-configuration in Production
Environments (L, DM)
Integration and interoperability
-
8
Interoperability/ Integration of models from different sectors/ domains e.g. smart
homes with emergency systems with traffic management (LD)
- Integration of macro-micro simulation mod. (e.g. factory-machine level)
- Virtualisation and Cloud Computing (DM)
- Automation systems are integrated with corporate IT (cloud solutions)
- Convergence of product and system modelling (JH, M/L)
- (Co-)Model/ simulation integration (e.g FMI) (now->S, JSF)
- (cross layer) enterprise-integration
- Multi-domain integration platforms (M, SC)
- Standards for interfacing models (for hybrid systems) (S, MAS)
- Tool support for integrated models of hardware, software and human systems
Resilience and sustainability
5
- Modelling fault tolerance in distributed systems across organisations (CI)
- CPS for sustainability & cost reduction in lifecycle (EC)
- Simulation for Life-Cycle Management (PP)
- Maintenance of systems of models over lifecycles (V&V included) (MAS)
Language and platform
4
- Virtual executable model (M,SH)
- Modelling long term evolution + placing reliance on interim system versions (CI)
- Collaborative cross-disciplinary modelling+simulation teams (CI)
- Architectural modelling languages (e.g. Sysml) (Now->S, JSF)
- Increasing capability of formal techniques (e.g. model checking) (JSF)
- Platform independent modelling language (LD)
Data
2
- M&S for high data availability analysis (S, SC)
- Big data everywhere and need to handle
- Real-time data analytics (SK)
- Large quantity of information available, need to make sense out of it
Social and legal aspects
-
M&S societal challenges (L, SC)
CPS address aging, lack of workforce (SP)
24
Documentation
-
1
Modelling ethical behaviour by systems interacting with humans/users/consumers
(MAS)
- Modelling legal/contracts/IPR issues (MAS)
Internet of things
-
0
Driver IPVG deployed to support IoT, whole new set of issues around configuration
and security (S, SP)
- sensors, IoT, Actuators are pervasive (S)
- Scada is a new target for bachers (PEM)
- Smart systems everywhere (S, SP)
- Production Systems are becoming more distributed (PEM)
Other issues
-
platforms for integrating different simulator platforms (av ICT, physical, Al)
Models to manage system complexity (S, MAS)
CPS in global scale, distributed, heterogeneous systems (EC)
Driven need to model legacy systems (PJP)
M&S new business models (M, SC)
Needs & Requirements
No of
points
Issues cluster
8
Learning and self-adaptability
-
8
High system adaptability and modularity so CPS in manufacturing are Plug and
produce (M, DM)
- Self adjustment of digital models based on real-time sensor/ device data (DM)
- Self-adaptability, configuration repairing..(EC)
- Learning capabilitites (M, JH)
- Models for CPS systems that learn (M, MAS)
Integration and interoperability
7
- Interoperability and Modularity of Models & simulation solutions (EC)
- Self Orchestration-integratabiliy, interoperability (PEM)
- Modelling and simulation of CPS with mixed new and legacy sub-systems (PJP)
- Adressing heterogeinity (S, SP)
- Solutions to support multidisciplinary modelling of CPS (EC)
- multidisciplinary integrated simulation
Safety and security
-
5
Simulation cyber attacks and threats (M)
Inclusion of uncertainty, failure mode and effort analysis (M, JH)
Testing for brittleness in CPS (M,MAS)
Managing resilience and agility - when needed, what to do, mobilising resources
(S,MAS)
- M&S of reliability (S,SP)
- Scalable M&S tools (S, SP)
Complexity and automation
25
Documentation
4
- Automatic generation of M&S models for cloud manufacturing (S, DM)
- Manufacturing in the cloud
- Modelling systems for real time monitoring control (S, SC)
- Simplification (manage complexity) (S/M, SK)
- Cost effective solutions (S/M,SK)
Standards
3
- Guidelines for model generation (Now, JSF)
- CPS modelling to certified standards prior to system deployment (PJP)
Digital continuity
2
- Synchronisation of digital and real world (S, PP)
- Digital continuity across factory life-cycle (S, PP)
CPS engineering curricula (M, JSF)
1
Societal and legal issues
1
- Architectural patterns for CPS (S, JSF)
- Enable large scale stakeholder collaboration (M, SK)
- Modelling human factors behaviour in CPS (M)
Business models
0
- Inclusion of business modelling + enabler (L, SH)
- Simple service discovery - "google 4 CPS" (PEM)
Others:
-
Demonstrators for CPS M&S + enabler (S, JSF)
26
Documentation
M&S for CPS research themes
Most working time was dedicated to the population of the research themes dimension, as this
dimension was divided into the five TAMS4CPS themes described in section 4.2 above. Consequently,
a broad variety of issues was taken up and discussed by the participants. It could be noticed though,
that most issues were assigned to theme 2 (which had much overlap with theme 1) and theme 3.
This was also mirrored in the voting and clustering of issues which is displayed in the table below.
Topic A (CPS verification & simulation) is relevant for themes 1 and 2, Topic B (Automatic updates of
virtual models when CPS components are moved) is relevant for theme 2, Topics C (Predictive
modelling & real-time decision support) and D (Brokerage Platform) are relevant for theme 3.
No of
points
Issues cluster
Relevant
TAMS4CPS
theme
15
CPS verification & simulation (Topic A)
1&2
-
8
Efficient verification & simulation methods for CPS design space
exploration (T2M,M/L,JSF) (A) 6 Points
- Verification+tools for emergent CPS properties + SoCPS + CPSoS
(T2L,M/L,JSF) (A) 1 Point
- Ability to verify safety/security/resilience in a CPS (T2L,L,CI) (A) 3 Points
- Verification/compliance of CPS properties in large ecosystems (T1,L,SK)
(A) 5 Points
Automatic updates of virtual models when CPS components are moved 2
(Topic B)
-
8
Automatic updates of virtual models when CPS components are
removed, changed or replaced (PEM) (L->) 4 Points
- adaptable, self learning, simulation models for CPS based on knowledge
management and CBR (DM) (Theme 2/S) 1 Point
- formal semantic framework for sound co-modelling (S/M,T2S,JSF) 2
Points
- architectural frameworks to support self adaptation (T2/3M) (M, Cl) 1
Point
Brokerage Platform (Topic D)
3
-
7
Facilitate models and tools for service development on top CPS
(T2S,M,SC) (D)
- 5 Points
- Technology to model systems behaviour when classes of data are
missing or are deliberately excluded (T3, MAS)
- 3 Points
- Technology to model product and system behavior in the context of
changing environment (T2S,JH) (D)
Predictive modelling & real-time decision support (Topic C – not further 3
elaborated during workshop)
-
Real time decision support (M2M connection, HMI, distributed and
27
Documentation
-
heterogeneous data) (T3N,S,SC) 4 Points
Predictive modelling of different prod. cases and how they effect
quality, energy, environment, etc. (PEM) 3 Points
In addition to the selected topics, the other issues which came up and which were not grouped under
specific topics/headings are listed below according to the relevant TAMS4CPS theme.
Theme
Theme 1
Architecture principles
and models for
autonomous safe and
secure CPS
Theme 2
Systems design,
modelling and virtual
engineering for CPS
Theme 3
Real-time modelling for
autonomous adaptive
and cooperative CPS
Issues
- Automatic threat model assessment for CPS system of systems
(T1L,L,SK)
- Standardization of basic/ core CPS services & data models (T1,S/M,
SK) 1 Point
- Standards for describing functionality of components or subsystems
so models may be more easily implemented (T1S, S/M, PJP) 1 Point
- New proprietary formats for transfer of exchange of models and data
between virtual engineering tools (T1S,S/M,PJP) 3 Points
- New proprietary formats for transfer of exchange of models and data
between virtual engineering tools (T1S,S/M,PJP) 3 Points
- Integration of stochastic models in CPS descriptions (T1-2S,M,JSF) 2
Points
- Advanced data analytics for analysis and identification for smart
processing agile production (T2S, DM)
- Semantic meta-data model for CPS-based factory representation
(T2N, PP) 1 Point
- Technology to model learning (T2N, MAS)
- Application of new mathematical tools (results in the field of large
networks) into current/future modelling/simulation (T2N, JH)
- Hybrid M&S environments: contin.+discrete, deterministic+random
(T2S, S,SP) 1Point
- Tools+notations that can capture key safety/security resilience
concepts (T2M,M,CL)
- Tools that present complex data in ways that humans can
understand+make decisions on (T2M,M,CL) 2 Points
- CPS behavior models to empower multi-disciplinary engineering
(T2M) 3 Points
- Ethical models that can generate large simulations on real-time data
in usefully short amount of time (T2M, M/L,CL)
- Languages for describing CPS reconfiguration (T3M, M/L,JSF) 1 Point
- M&S for systems which live - M&S on the fly (T2L,M/L,CI) 1 Point
- Integration of stochastic models in CPS descriptions (T1-2S,M,JSF) 2
Points
- Engineering of collaboration (automation) systems. M&S of SoS,
Cloud-Cloud, complex Systems, Physical Prop. (T3S, PEM) 1 Point
- Integrated tools that are flexible and do not impose lifecycle models
(T3N, S, Cl)
- Technology to assume trustworthy behavior by autonomous systems
28
Documentation
Theme 4
Model-Based Systems
Engineering (MBSE)
applied to Computing
Platforms and energy
management
Theme 5
Integration of
socio/legal/governance
models within
modelling frameworks
-
-
(T3S, MAS)
Theme 3/2016-2017: computer controlled machine tools, equipment
and robots fenced-off from people (T3S, DM)
Self-X: self-learning and self-adaptive CPS (M,T3S,SC) 1 Point
Models for Fog computing vs. cloud computing to support local
decision-making (T3M, EC)
Languages for describing CPS reconfiguration (T3M, M/L,JSF) 1 Point
Modelling industrial human behavior and grocery behavior including
cultural effects (T3M, MAS) 1 Point
Knowledge integration with other systems continuously, solutions to
support DSS along the CPS lifecycle (T3M,L,EC) 1 Point
methodologies to map complex high level processes into behavioral
models of CPS (T3L,EC)
No issues addressed
Models to evaluate effects of new regulations (T5S, MAS)
Trade-space models for incorporating metrics for sustainability
(T5S,MAS), 1 Point
Modelling industrial human behavior and grocery behavior including
cultural effects (T5M, MAS)
Developments in M&S themes were not discussed during the overall roadmapping activity but were
rather supposed to be discussed during the smaller working groups and during the coming themespecific project workshops.
Enablers & Barriers
Also for enabler and barriers, mainly cooperation issues came up which will be further refined during
the following theme-specific workshops and will be a major issues in the SRAC later-on. Thus, at this
point, these aspects were collected but not further addressed during this first roadmapping
workshop. All issues named are compiled in the table below.
Funding and
collaboration
opportunities
-
collaboration and inclusion of stochastic behavior in system and product
modelling
- collaboration of realtime modelling of autonomous system (especially
applications in transport)
- Collaboration on the inclusions of learning capacity
- Collaboration on architectures for trust-worthy behavior of CPS, how should
CPS behave to customers, users, disabled etc and how do we assure this?
(MAS)
- Barrier-familiarity with CPS terminology - practitioners don't self-identify as
CPS (CI)
EU funding:
29
Documentation
- CPS-H2020 (DM)
- ECSEL, Industry-region approach
- ICT
- FoF/Spire/etc.
US funding-collaboration:
- USA cyber infrastructure progr.
- USA-NSF-(ESD)
- USA-cyber physical systems
EC/NSF Joint programme (S/M,JSF)
-
Regulatory
environment
/governance/
Standards/IPR
regime
(industry)
Business
Models
Education &
Training, Skills,
Knowledge
resources
Infrastructure /
Architectures
Other
-
cross-program topic definition to solve horizontal needs: Interop, SEC,...
collaboration on inclusions of human models in the range of CPS models.
Reality check project assessment:
o from promise to results 5yrs later
o vision check
o roadmap adjust (SK)
Common methodology for CPS evaluation/ comparison (SK)
Popular "Challenge problems" for model-based CPS Engineering ("the
driverless car" of CPS Eng.) (S/M,JSF)
-
development of new business models to support the new manufacturing EPA
based on simulation/CPS (DM)
Collaboration
- cross-sector
- multidisciplinary
- business & sales
- engineering
- soft skills such as "design"
- create common understanding of similarities and differences among
CPS,IoT,M2M => dispersion of effort?
- Engineering degree + CSA courses incl. cross-disciplinary CPS modelling
training (S,CL)
- Workforce need different skills, including the elderly -usability
- Cross-disciplinary education (CS+EE+Math+Econ) (SK)
- engineering education based on the new paradigm to develop
skill/competence -learning-teaching factory (DM)
-
promotion of best practices in different sectors to promote them. create
awareness, attract investors (EC)
open platforms to design and simulate CPS at low cost (EC)
enabling technology for sharing model and simulation components (S/M, PJP)
Popular on widely accepted language for simulation and modelling (S/M,PJP)
30
Documentation
TAMS4CPS main roadmapping template
31
Documentation
5
M&S Roadmap sketches
Following the roadmapping exercise, the three topics A, B, D which were prioritized highest and
which were deemed most relevant/interesting by the participants were further elaborated in three
working groups in the afternoon by using a similar template as for the general roadmapping activity.
Though, this template was to be elaborated in a more focused way taking into account the selected
topic only.
The last step of the elaboration of the mini roadmap was the presentation of the roadmap to the
whole workshop audience. This was done by the so-called solutions template which further detailed
and described the topic and the solution resulting from it.
Down below, both the topic-specific templates and the solution sheets can be found. Further
elaboration of these issues will follow during the course of the project.
32
Topic A: CPS-verification & simulation by JSF, SP, SK, LD
The TAMS4CPS project is co-funded by the European Community's Horizon 2020 Programme under grant agreement no 644821.
Documentation
34
Documentation
Solution A: CPS-verification & simulation by JSF, SP, SK, LD
Description of
Solution
Impact of Solution
Links to Key Drivers
Vision: CPS’s that merit the trust
•
•
•
Managing development risk
Better market deployment
Safer, secure & resilient CPS
Data, integration & interoperability, language & platform
Resilience & sustainability
Key skills, facilities
and technology gaps
•
•
•
Generating evidence for trust/ confidence
Theoretical analysis <static> <static models>
Simulation <HPC, co-simulation & modelling of cyber & physical>
What research
would be needed?
•
•
•
Foundations -> analyse heterogeneous aspects through theoretical analysis <composability>
Methods -> Model constructions <stating & defining key properties, model design space exploration
Tools -> Tools to support the method <hybrid>, tools to manage complexity of models
What needs to be
done next?
•
•
Robustness of existing tools
Extending tools by two ways -> incorporating wider range
-> incorporating capability
35
Documentation
Topic B: Automatic updates of virtual models when CPS components are removed by DM, JH, CI PEM, MAS
36
Documentation
37
Documentation
Solution B: Automatic updates of virtual models when CPS components are removed by DM, JH, CI PEM, MAS
Description of
Solution
Holistic virtual factory – modelling & simulations
Impact of Solution
•
•
Efficient customer driven production
Seamless integration of CPS-components with systems
•
•
•
•
Customization & produce to order
Demand profiles external & internal
Customer integration
Traceability of goods (LCA)
and technology gaps
•
•
•
•
Natural language processing with technical capabilities
Adaptive simulation model
Real time situation awareness
Automation ML/ arrowhead automation platform/ cloud solution
What research
would be needed?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Self-configuration of control loops
Architectural framework for self-adaptation
CBR-Models (Advanced)
Contractual
Standards
data-formats
self-awareness
What needs to be
done next?
Interoperable, smart, autonomous hardware
38
Documentation
Topic D: Brokerage Platform by EC, PP, SC
39
Documentation
40
Solution D: Brokerage Platform by EC, PP, SC
Description of
Solution
Brokerage platform offering services & solutions to CPS – using industries
and IT providers
Impact of Solution
reduction of costs and increased deployment of M&S solutions for CPS
CPS pervasiveness, complexity, integration & interoperability
and technology gaps
•
•
•
technologies for safety & privacy of data,
standards & interoperability solutions,
Plug & play technologies at system level for SW & HW
What research
would be needed?
•
•
•
IPR management, new business models
standards & interoperability solutions
education & mindset creation
What needs to be
done next?
•
•
catapult centers
develop infrastructure
Documentation
6
Next steps
The TAMS4CPS roadmapping workshop which took place on 21 May 2015 in Brussels was the first
workshop in a series of general and theme-specific workshops throughout the project. These
activities are supported by several webinars to inform a wider audience on project progress and
encourage active involvement in project activities. This is detailed in the project outline below.
During the following months 10 theme-specific workshops (2 per theme) will take place. In parallel,
the Strategic Research Agenda for Collaboration (SRAC) will be drafted. The results of the initial
roadmapping will feed both into the SRAC and into these 10 workshops. Furthermore, the outcomes
of the theme-specific workshops will inform the further development of the SRAC during the course
of the project. Thus, the workshop documentation at hand is the first building block of the main
project outcome, the Strategic Agenda for Transnational Research Collaboration. The TAMS4CPS
project partners are grateful for any comments on and additions to the information contained in this
documentation by experts from both sides of the Atlantic Ocean, and we look forward to keeping up
discussions and interaction on the issue of M&S for CPS.
42

TAMS4CPS_Roadmapping-WS-Documentation_05-2015

Transcription

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