Practical Cross-Eye Jamming

Practical Cross-Eye Jamming
26 August 2009
Warren du Plessis
wduplessis@csir.co.za
Overview
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Platform self-protection
What is cross-eye jamming?
Traditional and new theory
Laboratory experiments
Implementation
Why academic work?
Slide 2
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Platform Self-Protection
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RSA role
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Threat
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peace support
• RSA part of Africa
• RSA “superpower” in Africa
need to protect ourselves
modern technology available
• formal military forces
• mercenaries
• Somali pirates have radar
new threats
• a few weeks
Effect
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Slide 3
AA-7 Apex: contributed to SAAF
withdrawal from Angola
SS-N-2 Styx: no countermeasure
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www.csir.co.za
What is Cross-Eye Jamming?
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Glint
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Cross-eye jamming
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Slide 4
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angular error
naturally occuring
interaction of scatterers
countermeasures
• frequency agility
recreate the worst case of glint
countermeasures
• NOT frequency agility
• leading-edge tracking
• Others?
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Traditional Analysis
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Reuse glint analysis
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types
• phase-front
• linear fit
• others
equivalent
Limitations
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Slide 5
approximations
• amplitude
• nonlinearities
Implementation
© CSIR 2008
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New Analysis
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Considers all aspects
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Conclusions
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Slide 6
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signal amplitude and phase
transmission and reception
retrodirective implementation
jammer antennas
conical scan
larger error
• shorter ranges
• infinite error
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Laboratory Measurements (1)
Slide 7
© CSIR 2008
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Laboratory Measurements (2)
Slide 8
© CSIR 2008
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Laboratory Measurements (3)
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UP Compact Range
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Radar measurements
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Very high SNR
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Validate new theory
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Slide 9
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anechoic chamber
radar transmits and receives
monopulse radar
high isolation
LNAs
high-gain jammer
jammer antennas
conical scan
larger error
© CSIR 2008
www.csir.co.za
Laboratory Measurements (4)
Slide 10
© CSIR 2008
www.csir.co.za
Laboratory Measurements (5)
Slide 11
© CSIR 2008
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Laboratory Measurements (6)
Slide 12
© CSIR 2008
www.csir.co.za
Laboratory Measurements (7)
Slide 13
© CSIR 2008
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Laboratory Measurements (8)
Slide 14
© CSIR 2008
www.csir.co.za
Implementation (1)
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Need good matching
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Need high gain and power
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Compete with skin return
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Slide 15
easy for jammer to become beacon
retrodirective array
signals largely cancel
requires high isolation
need to pull off
© CSIR 2008
www.csir.co.za
Implementation (2)
Slide 16
© CSIR 2008
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Implementation (3)
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Retrodirective array
Slide 17
© CSIR 2008
www.csir.co.za
Implementation (4)
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Retrodirective cross-eye jammer
Slide 18
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www.csir.co.za
Implementation (5)
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DRFMs
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More channels
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Slide 19
two matched/calibrated channels
retrodirective connection
normally: DRFMs
pull off
higher array gain
potentially relaxed tolerances
© CSIR 2008
www.csir.co.za
Future work
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Implementation
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Multiple jammer loops
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Countermeasures
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International co-operation
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Slide 20
DRFM technology
capacity
initial work done
local industries
Italy: demonstrated
Sweden: measured over sea
© CSIR 2008
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Academic Work
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Publications
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Studies
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Slide 21
review process
prove quality of work
marketing
sensitive information
• secret
• exploitable IP
access to university
• expertise
• facilities
• students
scientific rigour
external examiners
staff development
© CSIR 2008
www.csir.co.za
Summary
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Need to protect our platforms
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Cross-eye jamming
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Academic work
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Slide 22
Cross-eye jamming suitable for one type of threat
better theoretical understanding
laboratory measurements
implementation possible
marketing
scientific rigour
© CSIR 2008
www.csir.co.za
Thank you