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Introduction to Placemaking and Placemapping Building Active
Introduction to Placemaking and Placemapping Building Active Communities Institute March 22, 2016 Gary Toth Project for Public Spaces WHAT IS PLACEMAKING? WHAT IS PLACEMAKING? “Placemaking” is not a profession, discipline or field of study, but a growing global movement that brings out the best professional knowledge and skills, while capitalizing upon local knowledge, assets, and ideas to support the creation of a shared public realm which defines inclusive and prosperous cities. It builds the capacity of people to drive the change they want to see. “Placemaking” seeks to improve the William H. (Holly) Whyte The Organization Man,1956 The Exploding Metropolis, 1958 The Last Landscape, 1968 Plan for the City of New York, 1969 The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces, 1980 City: Rediscovering the Center, 1988 Successful public spaces “are built of a set of basics…” What are they? PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES Successful public spaces “are built of a set of basics…” • • • • • • • • • Places to Sit Sun/Shade Water Sense of Scale Trees Food Multiple things to do/Triangulation Places to People Watch Programming PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES It’s hard to create a space that will not attract people, what is remarkable, is how often this has been accomplished. ─William H. Whyte It’s hard to create a space that will not attract people, what is remarkable, is how often this has been accomplished. ─William H. Whyte Why? Contrasting 1 No One Sees the Big Picture Slide courtesy of Leigh Lane COMMUNITIES TODAY Single purpose investments Churches Office Parks Strip Centers Schools Hospitals Parks Libraries Community Centers Theatres/ Museums City Hall Malls We Have Changed Our Definition of Success from This North Broadway, Red Lodge, Mt Bridge Street, Lambertville, NJ We Have Changed Our Definition of Success to This North Fourth Street, Billings, Mt East Main Street, Bozeman, Mt We Have Changed Our Definition of Success from This We Have Changed Our Definition of Success to This We Have Changed Our Definition of Success from This We Have Changed Our Definition of Success to This From This to This We Have Changed Our Definition of Success from This We Have Changed Our Definition of Success to This We Have Changed Our Definition of Success from This We Have Changed Our Definition of Success to This So what do we do? We Have to Stop Planning Our Communities in Silos Slide Courtesy of John Nordquist, CNU Placemapping/Power of Ten Place and Street Audits Lighter Quicker Cheaper/Tactical Urbanism POP Vs DAD Street and Urban Planning – Current Situation Current conversation OR siloed accountability PLACE New conversation OR collaborative accountability Source: Sunshine Coast Council (adapted) Citizens abdicate control to “experts” Experts Decide, Announce and then Defend PLACE Community works side by side with professionals Source: Sunshine Coast Council (adapted) Creating High Performing Places Attractions & Destinations Identity & Image Active & Connected Edge Uses Amenities Management: Central to the Solution Flexibility Seasonal Strategy Create Intrigue Attractions & Destinations Street design should be responsive to adjacent land uses, not a streetscape plan PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES Attractions & Destinations Clustered activity points of interest 10+ destinations – including food and markets, local retail, art, play, education, health/recreation PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES Sidewalk cafes Espanola Way – Miami, FL Kiosks, Carts, Other Small-scale retail Miller Plaza – Chattanooga, TN Street markets • Street vending Frenchmen Street Art Market – New Orleans, LA Products on the street • Indoor uses that spill outside E 12th Street – Strand Bookstore – New York, NY Flexible street layout • Programming and special events NW Davis Festival Street – Portland, OR Active corners and lots Transforming empty lots with interim uses ReSurfaced Initiative – Louisville, KY Identity & Image (Authenticity) Showcase local assets to create a distinct sense of place Businesses, pedestrians and drivers raise their behavior (conform, respect) to this vision Winter Park, Florida Imageability Slide Courtesy of Dan Burden Littleton, NH Slide Courtesy of PPS “Basque” Street, Boise Mural honoring local history and special events Hawthorne Square – Philadelphia, PA Active & Connected Edge Uses Sense of Enclosure Ground Level Transparency Physical Connections PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES Slide Courtesy of Dan Burden Active and Connected Edges Enclosure Camden, Maine Active and Connected Edges Low Enclosure Denver, Colorado Active and Connected Edges Enclosure Bozeman, Montana Active and Connected Edges Low Enclosure Sandpoint, Idaho Active and Connected Edges Enclosure Improving parking lot edges Philadelphia, PA Active and Connected Edges Enclosure Improving parking lot edges Portland, Oregon Slide Courtesy of Dan Burden Active and Connected Edges Transparency Orenco, Oregon Active and Connected Edges Transparency Bozeman, Montana Active and Connected Edges Transparency Brunswick, Maine Active and Connected Edges Physical Connections Avenue 16 De Septiembre – Mexico City, Mexico Active and Connected Edges Physical Connections Undoing “Seas of Pavement” Putnam Plaza – Brooklyn, NY Active and Connected Edges Physical Connections Washington, DC Active and Connected Edges Physical Connections JFK Boulevard – San Francisco, CA Active and Connected Edges Physical Connections Shared Streets Gretna, Louisiana Active and Connected Edges Physical Connections Shared Streets Gretna Louisiana Active and Connected Edges Physical Connections Shared Streets Gretna, Louisiana Amenities Public and private seating options Triangulate to support use – cluster sidewalk elements like benches, waste baskets, planters, lampposts, cafes Amenities Greenery + Landscaping Amenities - Lighting Hailey, Idaho Amenities Seating and Shade Valencia Street – San Francisco, CA Management - Central to the Solution Maintenance and security Programming – daily activity generators and cultural, civic events PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES Flexibility Street design can respond to community use PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES Seasonal Strategies Activate throughout the day, week and year Burlington, Vermont Create Intrigue David Engwicht Traffic speed is largely determined by residents psychologically retreating from the street. Simply reversing that retreat creates mental speed bumps in the street. Mental Speed Bumps - by David Engwicht Streets and roads are not just ways to get places, they are places! Mental Speed Bumps - by David Engwicht The Three Mental Speed Bumps Intrigue Uncertainty Humor Creating Intrigue Activating blank walls Creating Intrigue Street Sculpture New Hope, Pennsylvania Creating Intrigue - Street Sculpture Hamilton, NJ Place Led Community Process Place/Destination Mapping aka Power of Ten Route Mapping aka Connectivity Exercise Evaluate Space and Identify Opportunities Menu of Streets – A Street for Every Purpose Lighter Quicker Cheaper Interventions Destination Mapping The Power of Ten 77 Power of 10 POWER OF 10 1. Read the paper 2. Window shopping for books 3. Learn about upcoming events 5. Walk 4. Go inside! 10. Have a conversation 6. Sit and relax 7. Read someone else’s book 8. Take a break from a bike ride 9. Pet a dog Port Orford, Oregon Place image of aerial here and drag the dots at le3 onto the map. Port Orford, Oregon Connectivity Exercise Connectivity Exercise Hyde Park, Vermont Connectivity Exercise South Burlington, Vermont Evaluate Space/Identify Opportunities Pop-up Workshops: Dot Preference Surveys Identifying Opportunities, Anaconda Montana Identifying Opportunities, South Burlington, Vermont Street and Place Audits PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES Place and Street Audits Menu of Streets A Street for Every Purpose Main Street Avenue Avenue Local Streets Local Street Boulevard Boulevard Parkway Parkway Network of Streets PedestrianOriented AutoOriented Example Street Types Brunswick, Maine Streets as Places Typologies Brunswick Maine Street Menu Highway Commercial Arterial Commercial Avenue Community Street Drive Destination Street Residential Avenue Resident Street Slow Flow Street Shared Use Path DESTINATION STREET Multi Purpose Arterial BIKE BOULEVARD BIKE BOULEVARD RURAL CONNECTOR A Street Searching for It’s Identity Hailey, Idaho (Existing) Hailey, Idaho Four Lane with Paint Hailey, Idaho Four Lane with Planters Hailey, Idaho Three Lanes Hailey, Idaho with Bike Lanes Lighter Quicker Cheaper aka Tactical Urbanism Slide Courtesy of Joel Mills, AIA The Snowball Effect “a figurative term for a process that starts from an initial state of small significance and builds upon itself, becoming larger and faster at every stage” Applied to a community, this is a transformational principle… Case Study: Meridian, Idaho Putting it All Together 27 4 6 8 11 7 5 9 12 3 1 2 13 10 1 Two Weeks Later 2 4 7 Two Months Later This Spring 10 11 Street Painting PPS Streets as Places Page http://www.pps.org/reference/streets-as-places/ Contrasting 1 PPS Lighter Quicker Cheaper Resource http://www.pps.org/reference/lighter-quicker-cheaper/ Contrasting 1 PPS Lighter Quicker Cheaper Resource Case Studies http://www.pps.org/reference/lighter-quicker-cheaper/ Contrasting 1 PPS Rightsizing Web Resource http://www.pps.org/reference/rightsizing/ PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES Streets as Places Video http://www.pps.org/pdf/bookstore/How_to_Engage_Your_Transportation_Agency_AARP.pdf Gary Toth Director of Transportation Initiatives Project for Public Spaces 609-397-3885 Gtoth@pps.org PROJECT PROJECT FOR FOR PUBLIC PUBLICSPACES SPACES
