BUSINESS RESEARCH

Transcription

BUSINESS RESEARCH

BUSINESS RESEARCH
A Study on R&D Ecosystem in India
Final Deliverable 11 September 2008
Evalueserve Business Research
R&D Ecosystem in India
CONTENTS
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
2 OVERVIEW OF R&D IN INDIA
2.1 R&D INVESTMENTS IN INDIA
2.1.1Technology Commercialisation
2.2 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN INDIA
2.2.1Patenting Activities
2.2.2 IP Protection
2.2.3 IPR issues
2.2.4 Future Plans to Promote IPR
2.3 FISCAL INCENTIVES
2.4 GOVERNMENT PLANS TO PROMOTE R&D
2.4.1 Academic Infrastructure
2.4.2 Promotion of Entrepreneurial Ventures by Scientists
2.4.3 Promoting Mega Science Projects
2.4.4 Science and Technology for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)
2.4.5 Industry Academia Linkages
2.4.6 Public Private Partnership (PPP)
3 INDIAN INNOVATION ECOSYSTEM
4 R&D SUPPORT MECHANISM
4.1 SUPPORTING INFRASTRUCTURE
4.1.1 Business Incubators
4.1.2 Technology/Science Parks
4.1.3 Special Economic Zones (SEZs)
4.2 FUNDING INSTITUTIONS
4.2.1 Venture Capital Associations/Angel Funding
4.2.2 Banking Institutions
4.2.3 Indian Angel Network
4.3 ACADEMIC RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS
4.3.1 Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT)
4.3.2 Indian Institute of Science (IISc)
4.3.3 Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR)
4.3.4 National Institutes of Technology (NITs)
4.3.5 Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani
4.3.6 Indian Institute of Management (IIM)
4.4 GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS/AGENCIES
4.4.1 Department of Science and Technology (DST)
4.4.2 Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES)
4.4.3 Department of Scientific & Industrial Research (DSIR)
4.4.4 Department of Space (DoS)
4.4.5 Department of Biotechnology (DBT)
4.4.6 Department of Atomic Energy (DAE)
4.4.7 Other Ancillary Research Departments
4.5 INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS
4.5.1 Confederation of Indian Industry (CII)
4.5.2 Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI)
4.5.3 Federation of Asian Biotech Associations (FABA)
4.5.4 Association of Biotechnology Led Enterprises (ABLE)
4.5.5 National Association of Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM)
4.5.6 Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM)
4.6 STANDARDS
4.6.1 University Grants Commission (UGC)
4.6.2 All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE)
4.6.3 Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)
5 R&D ACTIVITIES WITHIN INDIAN COMPANIES
5.1 LEADING INDIAN INVESTORS IN R&D
5.2 LEADING INDIAN PATENT APPLICANTS
5.3 TYPICAL AREAS OF RESEARCH
5.3.1 R&D Scenario in Pharmaceuticals Sector
5.3.2 R&D Scenario in IT Sector
5.3.3 R&D Scenario in Automotive Sector
5.3.4 R&D Scenario in Energy and Chemicals Sector
5.3.5 R&D Scenario in the Consumer Goods Sector
5.3.6 R&D Scenario in the Telecom Sector
5.3.7 R&D Scenario in the Engineering Sector
6 APPENDIX
6.1 IITS BILATERAL COLLABORATIONS AND INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER PLAYERS
6.2 IITS FUNDING MECHANISM
6.3 LIST OF AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTIONS UNDER DST
6.4 LIST OF AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTIONS UNDER DBT
6.5 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE REPORT
6.6 URLS OF SOURCES
7 EVALUESERVE DISCLAIMER
© 2001, Evalueserve. All Rights Reserved
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Driven by rural outputs and low-income, India is the fourth largest economy in the world. The Formal
sectors employ 11 percent of the total workforce, with the rest being occupied in the informal sector, and
the bulk of self-employment existing in low-productivity subsistence agriculture and services sectors. Since
average enterprise productivity in formal sectors is 23 times higher than in agriculture, India can leverage
the potential in more productive industry segments by strengthening and expanding the support system for
technology at the cluster level.
India's strength lies in its dynamic population, more than half of which is under 25 years of age. Although
only 17 percent of people in their mid-20s and older have a secondary education, more aggressive
education campaigns can help solve this problem.
Leveraging and improving its innovation potential will help India to sustain growth and reduce
poverty.
The growth in R&D, in India, has been led by the increasing demand for low-cost products supported by
rising income levels. This has been limited to a small segment of the economy, though there have been
innovations in both the formal and informal sectors. In the 11th Five Year Plan, the government of India has
envisaged to increase the country's R&D spends from less than 1 percent to 2 percent by 2012. This move
will put India in league with the developed countries that spend 2.5 percent of their GDP on R&D on an
average.
A favourable innovation environment includes policies, institutions and capabilities that impact the
creation and absorption of knowledge with the enterprises at the centre. Most of these entities exist in
India; however, putting them all together in a coherent whole will further boost innovation in the country.
The private-sector R&D intensity has marginally increased from 0.07 percent in 1991 to 0.53 percent in
2004, and the public R&D infrastructure has also been focussed only towards developing technologies
supporting small industries and large enterprises in key sectors and defence. This trend points to a need for
improving the effectiveness of the innovation system.
Introducing incentives, which will increase the enterprise-level competition, enhance
entrepreneurship and strengthen the socio-cultural norms for innovation, will benefit Indian
R&D.
The R&D system is fragmented with a large number of government structures, organisations and
programmes existing in India. The innovation networks in the country will benefit by more efficient
conversion of their work into commercial applications. The Indian government has been proactive in
formulating a number of support programmes, acknowledging the importance of R&D; however, addressing
factors such as bureaucratic-and risk-averse nature of the government institutions and encouraging the
private sector to get more involved will lead to its seamless alignment with the needs of the economy.
There is enormous scope for further exploitation of potential synergies across programmes within different
departments/ministries. Regular and independent evaluations of the programmes benchmarked against
similar international programmes will help in the optimum utilisation of resources. The various reforms
needed in the Indian innovation ecosystem include upgrading the research capabilities of universities,
providing incentives to independent researchers to commercialise research and enabling the private sector
to work in close co-ordination with the government S&T institutions. Selection of strategic pilots based on
scalability and application for future societal needs will be the ideal approach to meet these needs.
MNCs that account for most of the private sector research are attracting a large part of the talent pool in
their global operations. This is diverting talent away from the India-specific needs, raising the cost of
talent for the government, universities and domestic R&D firms. The opportunity lies in providing an
encouraging platform for global firms to partner with Indian companies in their R&D and commercial
efforts, further development of technology parks and knowledge incubators, creating patent-management
corporations and improving the intellectual property regime are some measures that will not only retain the
talent pool in the country, but also take the R&D ecosystem in India to newer heights.
Currently, the R&D institutes focus primarily on developing science with low focus on its commercial
application. Hence, the revenues generated by R&D institutions through commercialisation and technologytransfer activities are low. It is, however, important to have a strong association between industry
professionals and researchers to develop products that benefit the society and are commercially viable.
Many programmes such as Foundation for Innovation and Technology Transfer (FITT), Industrial Research &
Consultancy Centre (IRCC) and Sponsored Research and Industrial Consultancy (SRIC) have been
proactively adopted by top academic institutes, which aim at bringing industry and academia together and
generate revenues from technology transfer and commercialisation.
India will benefit with more early-stage funding by VCs and by increasing the finance allocated
for technology absorption by medium and small enterprises.
Further, early-stage financing needs to be increased to change the preference of venture capitalists to
later-stage funding and the IT/ITES sector. VCs look to maximise the returns of the investors and thus
prefer to invest in companies that have strong business models and proven technologies. Governmentsupported venture capitalists such as SIDBI, Gujarat Venture Finance and Andhra Pradesh Development
Corporation remain the only players funding small investments. However, the four-fold increase in the total
number of VC deals, from 71 in 2004 to 298 in 2006, indicates the changing scenario.
More aggressive efforts to create and commercialise knowledge, in addition to ensuring a wider spread of
existing domestic and global knowledge pool, and encouraging small enterprises to make best use of this
knowledge by adhering to the national best practices, will help India to significantly improve its innovation
effectiveness.
There is an increasing demand for quality scientists and engineers to cater to the increasing
R&D and innovations need in India. Redesigning the education system, so as to make R&D an
attractive career option, will help in getting quality talent.
The country will also benefit by focussing on drawing maximum gain by applying existing technologies at
new locations and product areas through 'knowledge diffusion and absorption' rather than 'knowledge
creation and commercialisation'. There is further potential to be leveraged by focussing on inclusive
innovation, which will help promote the bottom of the pyramid by developing low-cost goods and services
to create income-earning opportunities for the lower strata of the society.
2 OVERVIEW OF R&D IN INDIA
Innovation requires synergising the energies of private enterprises, research institutes, think tanks, and
government and private educational institutions. Currently, India not only provides a low-cost structure and
massive pool of skilled human resources, but also offers cutting-edge R&D with high quality standards at
competitive costs. After being recognised for its achievements in the IT and services sectors, India is
rapidly evolving as an innovator of high-tech products of global stature.
2.1 R&D INVESTMENTS IN INDIA
Domestic R&D investment is crucial for innovation. As innovation in India is still in its nascent stage,
80 percent of the domestic R&D is undertaken by the public sector, while the remaining is
funded by private enterprises. The allocated science budget in India has increased at a CAGR of 12.3
percent between 2004 and 2008, to INR 242 billion. Figure 1 depicts the increase over the period 2004 2008.
The Indian space sector received the largest chunk of the current year's funds (about INR 40.74 billion),
showing an increase of 23 percent over the previous year. The budget focussed on attracting students to
build careers in science and technology, with the establishment of new technology institutes and increased
funds for manned space missions. The government is also focusing on creating mechanisms to control
climate changes in various areas including clean technology products, review of fuel emission and
efficiency regulations, solar energy, trading platforms for carbon emissions and building sustainable green
cities.
In countries such as China and the US, the contribution of the public sector towards R&D is only 30 percent.
In 2006, India's R&D spends stood at about 0.8 percent of GDP, as compared to China's 1.23 percent. R&D
spending for other countries in 2006 is provided in Table 1.4
While the role of the government in supporting basic research, technology development and application
should continue and be considerably enhanced, efforts need to be made to elicit support and financial
resources from the private sector. However, with more than 300 MNCs entering India in the past few years,
the trend has started to shift towards increasing private R&D investments. This is evident from the fact
that private R&D investments in India increased from INR 38.9 billion in 2002 to INR 185.9 billion in 2004.
Table 1: R&D as a Percent of GDP5
Figure 1: India Science and Technology Budget (2004-08)
COUNTRY
R&D CONTRIBUTION OF PUBLIC SECTOR ( %)
R&D AS A PERCENT OF GDP (2006)
India
Japan
US
Germany
Canada
UK
80
18
30
30 (2004)
35
32
(government and higher education)
30
0.80
3.40
2.76
2.50
1.94
1.90
300
226
INR billion
250
200
China
242
152
171
Source: Global R&D Report 2007 - Battelle; Financial Express 2008; Statistics Canada; UK Statistics; OECD
150
In the 11th Five Year Plan, launched in 2007, R&D spending is estimated to reach 2 percent of the GDP by
2012.6
100
50
0
1.61
199
1
2004–05
2005–06
2006–07
2007–08
2008–09
Source : India Budget
Source: Unleashing India's Innovation - 2007 The World Bank
Source: India Budget
3
Source: Financial Express 2008
4
Source: Financial Express 2008
5
Source: Global R&D Report 2007 - Battelle
6
Source: Planning Commission Report S&T 2007
2
Figure 2: Number of PE/VC deals in various stages (2004-2006)
120
80
57 61
59
60
42
40
19 19
22
18
16
13
5
3
11
2
8
0
Early Stage
Growth Stage
Late Stage
Private Investment
in Private Equity
Buyout
Others
Source : TSJ Venture Intelligence
Figure 3: Sector-wise number of deals (2004-2006)
2004
2005
2006
120
100
101
84
Number of Deals
Venture capitalists have been biased towards the later stage funding and IT/ITES. As shown in Figure 5,
IT/ITES attracted the maximum number of deals during 20042006. Moreover, international PE firms invest
only big amounts to justify the transaction costs involved in the deals. Government supported venture
capitalists, such as SIDBI, Gujarat Venture Finance and Andhra Pradesh Development Corporation, remain
the only players funding small investments.
33
24
20
Angel funding and venture capitalists also have an important role in the commercialisation process, as the
funding available for early stage companies/innovators is low in the country. The funding received from
government bodies is inadequate and hence poses a need for angel funding/venture capitalists to extend
their support in various activities of commercialisation process. NRDC is a government enterprise that
supports innovators through small angel funds. Venture capitalists look to maximise the returns of the
investors and thus prefer to invest in companies that have strong business models and proven
technologies. Private equity investment by stages is depicted in Figure 4, which clearly shows the
maximum number of deals matured in the late stages during 2006. The number of deals rose from just 33 in
2005 to 104 in 2006.
2004
2005
2006
104
100
PE/VC Deals
2.1.1 Technology Commercialisation7
The major role of R&D institutes is to develop the science behind the innovation as the research institutes
do not focus much on application. Converting the science into application and ultimately into the product
requires an entity that has strong commercial orientation. It is important to have an association between
industry professionals and researchers as it can help in developing products that benefit the society.
Revenues generated by R&D institutions through commercialisation and technology transfer activities are
very low. Government enterprises, such as NRDC, generate revenues about INR 80 million from technology
transfers.
80
61
60
50
42
40
27
20
27
9
28
24
11
16
6
11
18
0
IT/ITES
Manufacturing
Healthcare and
Life Sciences
BFSI
Others
Source: TSJ Venture Intelligence
7
Source: Evalueserve Primary Research
Early-stage financing can be increased by addressing the following issues on the supply side.
·
Lack of adequate expertise among venture capitalists
·
Difficulty in attracting experience professionals in early-stage fund management
·
Inability to channelize domestic market liquidity into early stage funding
·
Inadequate legal, regulatory and tax environment
On the supply side, the following issues needs to be addressed.
·
Lack of skill sets in sales, marketing and financial planning in Indian entrepreneurs
·
The profitable/high ROI deals are limited in the Indian environment
The share of sectors in the number of patent applications filed for the year 2005-2006 is
provided in Figure 3.
Figure 4: Number of Patent Applications Filed/Number of Patents Granted in India (2001-02 to 2007-08)
40,000
35,000
35,000
28,882
30,000
24,505
25,000
Start-up companies/innovators lack a suitable platform to showcase their innovation and reach
international markets. Industry associations should come forward to encourage the innovators and provide
a platform to showcase innovations. NRDC runs a programmeInnovate Indiathat helps innovators in
meeting investors and also rewards outstanding inventors.
15,000
10,592
11,466
15,262
12,613
7,539
10,000
5,000
The Indus Entrepreneurs (TiE) is involved in promoting entrepreneurship and has been very active in helping
entrepreneurs/innovators and funding institutes to find each other. TiE has a strong network of 49 chapters
in 11 countries, with a strong network of experienced, as well as budding entrepreneurs, venture capital
firms, angel investors and service providers.
17,466
20,000
1,591
2,469
1,379
4,320
1,911
0
2001–02
2002–03
2003–04
No. of Patent Applications Filed
2004–05
2005–06
2006–07
2007–08
No. of Patents Granted
Source: Intellectual Property India; Press Information Bureau
2.2 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN INDIA
The Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP) under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry is
responsible for IPR in India through Office of the Controller General of Patents, Designs and Trade Marks.
There are four IP offices located at Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai. The department facilitates online
filing of patents and trademark applications. The Indian patent offices have been granted the status of
International Search Authority (ISA) and International Preliminary Examination Authority (IPEA) by World
Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO).
2.2.1 Patenting Activities
The total number of patents filed in India has been significantly increasing, indicating an environment
conducive for innovation in the country. After India became Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights
(TRIPS) compliant in 2005, the number of patent applications filed increased from 10,592 in 2001–02 to
24,505 in 2005–06, registering a CAGR of 23.3 percent. Figure 2 depicts the number of patent applications
filed and granted from 2001–02 to 2007–08. 8
There has been a significant increase in the number of patent applications filed in the IT/electronics and
biotechnology fields in recent years, primarily due to intensive R&D activities initiated in these sectors.
Additionally, the government's initiatives to strengthen IPR have also led to the growth in the number of
patent applications filed in India. Table 2 provides the number of patent applications filed from 2001 to
2006.
The patent offices are trying to cope with the increasing number of applications filed each year. Due to
limited resources in India, it takes about two years to examine the patents. In 2007-08 (up to December
2007), out of 30,000 patent applications received, 10,000 applications were still pending to be examined. In
India, the number of patents examined per examiner is 100120, as compared to 5080 in the US and 3040 in
Germany.9
Table 2 : Sement-wise Number of Patent Applications Filed in India from 2001 to 2006
SECTOR
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
Chemical
Drug
778
879
110
731
1174
NA
776
966
119
690
1257
NA
2952
2525
123
2125
2717
NA
3916
2316
190
1079
3304
2787
5810
2211
101
1274
4734
5700
2
569
46
562
23
2148
1214
2659
1525
3150
Food
Electrical
Mechanical
Computer/Electronics
Biotechnology
General
Source: Intellectual Property India 2006
Figure 5 : Share of Sectors in the Total Patent Applications Filed in 2005-06 (in Percent)
Drug, 9%
Chemical, 24%
Food, 1%
Electrical, 5%
Mechanical, 19%
General, 13%
Biotechnology, 6%
Computer/Electronic
s, 23%
Source: Intellectual Property India
Table 3: Patents Applications Filed and Applications Examined
2.2.2 IP Protection
The protection of IP is vital for competitiveness of the Indian R&D institutes as it is a strategic tool for
wealth creation. Commercialisation of the innovation for societal benefits is also a significant issue.
Though the IP situation in India has improved over the years, it still faces inadequacy issues related to IP
protection and enforcement.
The agreement on TRIPs is administered by WTO, which sets minimum standards of compliance for its
members. India was allowed a transition period of ten years until January 1, 2005, in order to provide for
protection of product patents. The Patents Act, 1970 has undergone three amendments in the years 1999,
2002 and 2005.
The 2005 amendment had major implications on the introduction of product patent protection for food,
pharmaceuticals and chemical inventions. It also allowed foreign exporters to be only 'duly authorised
under the law' as against the second amendment that required foreign exporters to be 'authorised by the
patentee to sell and distribute'. The change implies that generic products can be sold without the consent
of the patent holder. The Amendment Act further allows pre-grant opposition of a patent application,
implying that any person opposing the patent can even prevent the grant of a genuine patent.10
Several organisations in India are working towards ensuring IP protection. CII collaborated with Technology
Information Forecasting and Assessment Council (TIFAC) to form an autonomous body called Andhra
Pradesh Technology Development and Promotion Centre (APTDC) in Hyderabad, which helps SMEs in
technology and IP issues. APTDC has been serving the industry regarding IPR issues including companies
such as Motorola and Jackson Healthcare. Various services offered by CII-APTDC include patentability
assessment report, prior art analysis, intellectual property protection, IPR counselling and advisory
services. It has also been organising IPR enforcement seminars and workshops, which attract large
audiences.
2.2.3 IPR issues11
Lack of Trained Patent Examiners
Currently, India faces an acute shortage of trained patent examiners. The skill sets of the patent examiners
need to be honed to cater to the growing number of patent applications in the country. There is a big
differential in the number of patent applications filed and number of applications examined. Table 3
illustrates the difference between the number of patents filed and examined.
SECTOR
Patent Applications Filed
Applications Examined
2001-02
10,592
2002-03
11,466
2003-04
12,613
2004-05
17,466
2005-06
24,415
2006-07
28,882
5,104
9,538
10,709
14,813
11,569
14,119
To cater to the growing demand of trained employees, the government established the National Institute of
Intellectual Property Management at Nagpur, in 2007, with an investment of approximately INR 268 million
(USD 6.25 million). The institute is expected to fulfil the IP training, education and research needs.
Longer Time to Patenting
The time to patenting is still a major issue in the Indian scenario, as compared to the western countries.
Although the patenting time has reduced from 610 years to 23 years, it still requires to be reduced further.
Low Awareness to protect IP
Awareness among researchers, facility of patenting and funding are relatively low in India. Researchers
and scientists should strive for increased funding for R&D in cutting edge technologies. Further,
researchers should identify new IP early and seek adequate means to protect it.
Certain organisations are very active in building the awareness among researchers, students and R&D
institutes through programmes, workshops and seminars. The National Research Development Corporation
(NRDC) is a government enterprise working towards increasing awareness among researchers. It organises
seminars and workshops not only in tier I cities, but also in tier II and tier III cities.
9
Source: Livemint 2008
Source: Hindu Business Line 2005
11
Source: Evalueserve Primary Research
10
2.2.4 Future Plans to Promote IPR
In view of the concerns of international players in pharmacy, food and IT sectors, the Indian government
plans to upgrade its existing IP implementation mechanism. It has launched an INR 3 billion awareness
programme on IPR, which will educate law enforcement agencies, scientists, companies, ministries and
general public on IPR issues. The Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP) also plans to set up
a trademark registry office in Ahmedabad.12
Universities are also actively coming forward increasing IP awareness and facilitating researchers
regarding IP. Recently in September 2008, Delhi University has setup an IPR Cell and a Patent Fund to
facilitate researchers, inventors and creators in managing their IPR. The cell plans to include practicing
lawyers and law firms dealing with IPR issues as members. The initial finding of the cell is approximately
INR 2 million.13
The salient features of the bill are:
·
The bill aims at increasing industry-academia collaboration by giving right to the universities and
research institutions to patent the inventions that result from government-funded research. However,
if they fail to do so within a reasonable period of time, the option to license it passes on to the
government funding agency.
·
In contrast with the US counterpart, the Indian version promises at least 30 percent of the royalty to
the inventors, though it empowers the university's technology transfer office (TTO), rather than the
inventor to choose how their invention can be used.
·
The bill does not give room for nonexclusive licensing, particularly for platform technologies. This could
adversely affect its economic impact, as non-exclusive licensing permits a number of organisations to
conduct follow-on research on an invention, thereby opening new avenues and finding new
applications, leading to an overall success.
The government also plans to digitise patents and make them accessible to the public. DIPP expects the
data to be publicly available online by January 2009.14
India is planning to introduce a new legislation similar to the Bayh-dole Act of the US. It allows
universities and their faculty members to license discoveries made through research funded by government
agencies. The implementation of this Act in India will emphasise on education opportunities in science,
technology, engineering and mathematics, and also help R&D institutions and scientists to own the
intellectual property they create, thus encouraging them to innovate.15
Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) has drafted the Indianised version of the
Bayh-dole Act by the name of 'Public Funded Research and Development (Protection, Utilisation and
Regulation of Intellectual Property) Bill, 2007'.16
12
Source: Business Standard 2008
Source: India Education News 2008
14
Source: Business Line 2008
15
Source: Zee News 2007
16
Source: SciDev.Net
13
2.3 FISCAL INCENTIVES
The government promotes and encourages institutes/organisations to conduct R&D activities and offers various tax benefits and incentives as listed in Table 4.
Table 4:Incentives offered for R&D
Incentives based on
Direct Taxes
·
100 percent write off of revenue expenditure on R&D
·
100 percent write off of capital expenditure on R&D in the year the expenditure is incurred
·
Weighted tax deduction at the rate of 125 percent for sponsored research programmes in approved national laboratories, Universities and IITs, available to the sponsor
·
Weighted tax deduction at the rate of 125 percent (raised to 150 percent by the Finance Act 2000) on R&D expenditure for biotechnology companies and companies involved in manufacturing
drugs, pharmaceuticals, electronic equipment, computers, telecommunication equipment and chemicals, aircrafts and helicopters, automobiles including automobile components in
government-approved in-house R&D centres; expenditure on scientific research in relation to drugs and pharmaceuticals includes expenditure incurred on clinical drug trials, obtaining
approvals from any regulatory authority under any Central, State or Provincial Act and filing an application for a patent under the Patents Act, 1970.
·
Income tax exemption at the rate of 125 percent to donations made to approved non-commercial scientific and industrial research organisations
·
Accelerated depreciation allowance for investment on plant and machinery, made on the basis of indigenous technology
·
Customs duty exemption to public-funded R&D institutions and privately-funded scientific and industrial research organisations, both for capital equipment and consumables needed for R&D
·
Excise duty exemption to public-funded R&D institutions and privately-funded scientific and industrial research organisations, both for capital equipment and consumables needed for R&D
·
Excise duty waiver for three years on goods designed and developed by a wholly-owned Indian company and patented in any two countries out of Indiathe US, Japan and any one country of
European Union
·
Exemption from customs duty on imports made for R&D projects funded by the government in industry
·
Pharmaceutical reference standards allowed to be imported duty free
·
Goods specified in List-28 (comprising of analytical and specialty equipment) used in pharmaceutical and biotechnology sector are allowed to be imported duty free provided.
Incentives based on
Indirect Taxes
·
The goods are imported for R&D purposes by an importer registered with DSIR for installation in the R&D wing of the importer within six months of the date of import on submission of a
certificate from the jurisdictional assistant commissioner of central excise or the Deputy commissioner of central excise to the assistant commissioner of customs at the port of importation.
The goods imported should not be transferred or sold for a period of seven years from the date of installation.
·
The goods are imported for use in the manufacture of commodities and the total value of goods imported does not exceed 25 percent of the FOB (free on board) value of exports made during
the preceding financial year and installation in the factory of the importer within six months of the date of import on submission of a certificate from the jurisdictional Assistant Commissioner
Of Central Excise or the Deputy Commissioner of Central Excise to the Assistant Commissioner of Customs or Deputy Commissioner of Customs at the port of importation.
·
The goods imported should not be transferred or sold for a period of seven years from the date of installation.
Other Incentives
·
Exemption from Price Control of Drugs (Price Control) Order for Drugs, which have been developed indigenously or produced through a process, developed through indigenous R&D, subject to
DSIR certification of the technology.
During the 2008 budget, the benefit given for outsourced research has not been put on par with the 150 percent weighted deduction given to in-house research. This will have an impact on the research status as the
pharmaceutical companies can not conduct everything in-house, and have to outsource some of their research, clinical trials and toxic studies done on animals to third-parties. Further, there was no clear direction on research,
with the 100 percent income-tax exemption for research ending in April 1, 2007.
Source: DSIR 2007
2.4 GOVERNMENT PLANS TO PROMOTE R&D 18
2.4.1 Academic Infrastructure
The planning commission of India has put forward a plan to set up more institutes of higher learning in the
country. The proposal advocates the establishment of the following institutes:
·
Eight new IITs (three have received clearance)
·
Five Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research (three have been approved)
·
20 National Institute of Technology (NITs)
·
20 International Institute of Information Technology (IIITs)
·
Seven new Indian Institute of Management (IIMs)
·
Two schools of planning and architecture
·
About 50 new centres for training and research in advanced technologies
The estimated cost of implementation of this seven-year programme is INR 1,310 billion.
The government also plans to upgrade existing technical institutes and universities in various parts of the
country. These include Bengal Engineering College (Howrah), Cochin University of Science and Technology,
Andhra University Engineering College (Vishakhapatnam), University Engineering College (Osmania
University), Jadavpur University, Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Zakir Husain College of
Engineering & Technology and Aligarh Muslim University. The plan also suggests restructuring and
reforming of the existing education system in India with respect to the admission process and curriculum,
and collaboration with foreign universities.
The Steering Committee has also suggested plans to revitalise the structure and quality of science
education in universities across the country. The report has recommended a funding of INR 2 billion (for
each of the 10 identified universities) to bring these universities at par with the universities around the
world. The committee has also advocated a support of INR 750 million each to another 20 universities for
upgrading their respective science departments for commencement of new integrated postgraduate
science courses post class XII.
Steps are also being taken to create high-quality research environment in and around universities. National
laboratories are encouraged to open centres of excellence in universities situated close to them. A recent
example is the DAE-Mumbai University Centre for Nuclear Physics Research. The University Grants
Commission of India is also taking initiatives to promote inter-university facilities (IUCAA at Pune, Inter
University Accelerator Centre (IUAC) at New Delhi and UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research at
Indore) to foster research activities in universities.
15-year Career Support Programme
This programme has been designed to attract meritorious students to opt for careers in R&D post their
higher secondary education. It includes scholarships and stipends during the course of study (Class XII to
MSc/PhD) and assured employment opportunity. The programme has been divided into the following three
phases of five years each:
·
Phase 1: In the initial phase, the programme aims to support students under Kishore Vaigyanik
Protsahan Yojana (KVPY), a programme to encourage young scientists, scholars, medal winners in
science Olympiads, top rankers in IITJEE examination. The number of such scholarships is 1,500 and
they would be granted to students opting for a career in the science stream post class XII.
·
Phase 2: The second phase extends from graduation to doctoral research with emoluments (at the end
of PhD) equivalent to salary/allowances of the first job. Approximately 500 deserving students from
phase 1 are eligible for this phase.
·
Phase 3: About 200 candidates completing Phase 2 successfully will be given an opportunity to conduct
research in their area of interest at a remuneration equivalent to an Indian Administrative Officer (IAS).
2.4.2 Promotion of Entrepreneurial Ventures by Scientists
2.4.2.1 Easy Movement of Scientists across Organisations
This implies the movement of a scientist (includes researchers and teaching faculty) from one institute to
another or from one laboratory (academic or organisational) to another or from a government-run laboratory
to R&D organisations in the industrial sector. The proposed plan aims to provide sops and appropriate
compensation to scientists to motivate them to share their expertise across organisations. The relocation
allowance and other benefits will also be provided to scientists to encourage this practice.
2.4.2.2 Entrepreneurial Ventures by Researchers/Faculty in Academic Institutions
In the current scenario, India has seen few scientists opting for commercialisation of their innovations,
even if they possess the business acumen to execute them. Visible reasons for this include the following:
·
Commercialisation not considered a part of a scientist's duty and sometimes viewed as a distraction
from his/her work
·
Non-availability of attractive profit-sharing mechanisms between laboratories and scientists
·
Lack of structured arrangements for a scientist to be the CEO of his technology venture, as well as hold
his/her post in the research laboratory
·
To counter this, the Steering Committee has proposed some points, which (if implemented) may lead to
a healthy entrepreneurial atmosphere in academic institutions on India. These include the following:
·
Proper job security should be ensured to scientists willing to try their hands at commercialisation of
any technology, in case of failure of venture.
·
Every laboratory should have some funds at their disposal to help commercialise their respective
ventures with ease. Also, there should be an agreement to financially compensate the scientist for
his/her efforts and keep him/her motivated.
·
The laboratory should ask for profits only after a stipulated time of incubation, so as to allow the
venture to reach a stage at which it can sustain without much help.
2.4.3 Promoting Mega Science Projects
2.4.3.1India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO)
A large community of scientists in India has been advocating for an India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO)
to conduct advanced experiments in the field of neutrino physics. To cater to this research need, a neutrino
collaboration group was established to carry out a feasibility study for setting up such a facility. A detailed
report of this study was submitted to the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) and other funding agencies
involved in this project. A brief overview of the objectives of this project is as under.
!To construct a high-tech facility (an underground lab and a surface lab) for conducting front-ranking
experiments in the field of neutrino physics
!To build a 50 kilo tonne magnetised iron calorimeter (upgradable to 100 kilo tonnes at a later stage) for
studying atmospheric neutrinos
!To create a state-of-the-art centre with modern facilities, such as a workshop, an electronics lab, detector
fabrication and a testing bay
Post set up, INO is expected to serve as a nodal centre for various international research programmes,
high-energy physics (HEP) community and nuclear physics laboratories across the world. It would also
facilitate training programmes for experimental physicists as well as promote a culture of conducting
experiments at any level (small or large scale). The collaboration group has suggested Pykara Ultimate
Stage Hydro Electric Project (PUSHEP) in Tamil Nadu as the preferred location for setting up an
underground laboratory.
2.4.3.2 National Radioactive Ion Beam Facility
Scientists and researchers from the Indian nuclear physics community have strongly recommended the
setting up of a national radioactive ion beam (RIB) facility in the country. The facility will be useful for
carrying out research in areas such as the study of explosive stellar events, nucleo-synthesis, structure of
exotic nuclei, limits of particle stability and synthesis of super-heavy nuclei. Variable Energy Cyclotron
Centre, Kolkata, has already started the development of a low-energy, highly sophisticated RIB facility. The
accelerator facility is expected to be designed and built through international collaboration with agencies
having expertise in this domain. Discussions are in progress with RIKEN (Japan) and TRIUMF (Canada) for
accelerator design and development, and nuclear physics experiments.
2.4.3.3 Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR)
FAIR (Germany) is expected to be complete by 2011 and will serve as a major centre of research for
scientists across universities globally. Indian researchers too are keen to utilise the high-tech facility and
conduct experiments relating to areas, such as nuclear structure physics, high-energy heavy ion collisions,
plasma physics, radiobiology and medical research. Major areas of research include the following:
·
High-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions to study compressed baryonic matter
·
Nuclear structure and nuclear astrophysics studies utilising rare isotope
·
Plasma physics utilising short pulse heavy ion beams
·
Studies in atomic physics and applied research, including radiobiology using antiprotons and highlycharged heavy ion beams
·
Research in hadron physics including hyper nuclei with antiproton beams
FAIR will also conduct research in the field of accelerator science and technology including the following:
·
Fast cycling superconducting magnets
·
Large aperture super-ferric magnets
·
Fast stochastic cooling for radioactive ions and antiprotons
·
Generation of short (~50ns) and intense (1,012) ion pulses with terawatt beam power
·
Operation at very high intensity RIBs
2.4.3.4 International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER)
ITER is a joint international R&D project run by a group of member countries including the European Union
(EU), Japan, China, India, Korea, the Russian federation and the US. The ITER project aims to study fusion
research. The objective of the project isharness the nuclear energy provided by the fusion of light atoms to
help meet mankind's future energy needs.
While the construction cost for ITER is estimated to be INR 332 billion (EUR 5 billion) for a period of 10
years, the operation cost for 20 years is estimated to be INR 332 billion (EUR 5 billion). In 2006, all member
countries signed a joint agreement to establish the ITER organisation responsible for the activities of the
project. The license for the construction work of ITER project is expected by 2008, with first plasma to be
out by 2016. The exploitation phase is expected to last for about 20 years.
India became a full-time member of ITER in 2005. The Institute for Plasma Research located at
Gandhinagar, Gujarat, contributes in designing, analysis and prototyping for the ITER project. The ITER
activities of the Institute of Plasma Research are named as ITERIndia. India will contribute 9 percent of the
total cost involved in the project for a period of 10 years. Of the total contribution, 90 percent is in the form
of equipment, which will form about 10 percent of the total equipment in the ITER project.
2.4.4 Science and Technology for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)
Various programmes are currently running to extend support to SME's in India. Programmes such as
Technopreneur Promotion Programme (TePP), targeted at individual innovators run by DSIR, should be
further promoted. The Small Business Innovation Research Initiative (SBIRI) scheme under DBT has been
active in providing financial support to biotech companies/entrepreneurs for high risk, innovative products.
In addition to schemes run under various ministries, the steering committee has outlined the following
measure to further promote technology for SMEs.
2.4.4.1 Setting up of Business Incubators to Foster Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises
The Steering Committee has recommended setting up 170 technology business incubators and 50
technology innovation centres across India during the course of the 11th Five-year Plan. The committee has
also put forward a proposal to increase the allocation of funds for promoting entrepreneurship in the
country.
2.4.4.2 Sectoral Profiles for SMEs
The Steering Committee has recommended a financial aid of INR 500 million to prepare the sectoral
technology profiles of SMEs in India. These profiles will help in analysing and addressing the key
technology needs of these companies.
2.4.4.3 Promoting Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for SMEs
The Ministry of Small Scale Industries is interacting with various SMEs to gauge their ICT needs and help
them increase their competitiveness through the use of the Internet and related communication
technologies. The programme has an estimated budget of INR 1.6 billion with an additional funding of INR
1.4 billion through private partnership.
2.4.4.4 Promotion of SME-Academia Interaction for Innovation
The government is encouraging engineering colleges across the country to collaborate with SMEs. The
collaboration will work towards the development of new technologies to help them increase productivity or
improvise processes for better quality output. DST/TIFAC has plans to initiate such interactions through a
pilot programme in coordination with the Indian National Academy of Engineering (INAE) targeting colleges
and polytechnics. The programme is expected to have a budget of INR 1.2 billion.
2.4.5 Industry Academia Linkages
2.4.5.1 Incentives for Joint Research
To foster industry-academia interaction, a range of financial incentives have been proposed by the Steering
Committee. These include the following:
·
Provision of tax exemption (125 percent) for all the expenditures on projects jointly conducted by
academia and the industry
·
Zero service tax for all royalty based income generated out of commercialisation of a technology
transferred by an academic institution to the industry
The committee has also recommended institutes to create corpus funds through industry contributions and
use them for creating 'faculty chairs' in institutions.
2.4.5.2 Centres of Relevance and Excellence (CORE)
The Steering Committee has suggested using TIFAC CORE (under Mission REACH) as a model to build more
centres that help develop technical manpower in the country. These centres (such as CORE) can be set up
in institutes to conduct research in selected areas of science and technology that have direct relevance to
the industry. The centres provide HR and R&D solutions to the industry. Infrastructure costs incurred can be
jointly shared by the government and the industry. About 60 percent of the total investment in the centres
is made by industry and the institute. Investment heads and resource allocator are provided in Table 5.
Table 5:Investment Heads and Allocator
INVESTMENT HEAD
ALLOCATOR
Civil Infrastructure
Recurring Expenses
NonRecurring Expenses
Asset Creation
Operational cost of CORE
Institute
Institute and Industry
Institute, Industry and TIFAC
TIFAC and Industry
Institute and Industry
TIFAC has established 21 such centres in the various disciplines listed in Table 6.
Table 6:TIFAC CORE
INSTITUE
DISCIPLINE
Delhi College of Engineering, Delhi
Optical Communication
Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Madurai
Diabetic Retinopathy
PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore
Product Design, Optimisation and Collaborative Product C o m m er c e
JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund
Herbal Drugs
Amrita University, Amritapuri
Biotechnology
NIT Hamirpur, Hamirpur
Power Transformer Diagnostics
Sastra University, Thanjavur
Advance Computing and Information Processing
Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala
Agro and Industrial Biotechnology
Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore
Automotive Electronics
Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh
Clastic Petroleum Reservoir Engineering
MSR School of Advanced Studies,Bangalore
Digital Image Processing
Sarvajanik College of Engineering & Technology, Surat
Environmental Engineering
NITIE, Mumbai
Ergonomics & Human Factors Engineering
Jabalpur Engineering College, Jabalpur
High Voltage & Power Systems Engineering
NIT Suratkal, Suratkal
Industrial Biotechnology
Mepco-Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi
Industrial Safety
MS University, Baroda
New Drug Delivery Systems
AK College of Engineering, Srivilliputtur
Network Engineering
Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal
Pharmacogenomics
Kumaraguru College of Engineering, Coimbatore
Textile Technology & Machinery
Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai
Wireless Technologies
CORE's benefits to industry include the following:
·
Reduced induction period for new employees
·
Cost effective training
·
Facility and infrastructure can be shared at centres
·
Industry can access the resource and expertise of other excellence centres
2.4.6 Public Private Partnership (PPP)
The government promotes and encourages public-private partnerships to conduct R&D activities. The skills
and assets of both the sectors are effectively utilised to deliver the services to the general public. To
further encourage PPP, the government proposed a grant of INR 12 billion in the 11th five-year plan for the
New Millennium Indian Technology Leadership Initiative (NMITLI)the largest PPP programme in India,
which is aimed at catalysing PPP in the Indian R&D scenario. DBT has set aside 30 percent of its total
budget for PPP programmes. Small Business Innovation Research Initiative (SBIRI) is one such scheme
launched by DBT to boost PPP in India. The scheme covers areas such as healthcare, agriculture, industrial
process, environment biotechnology and biomedical devices.
Global Innovation and Technology Alliance (GITA), promoted under PPP is partnership between DST and CII.
It is dedicated to strategise, promote and execute various programmes under the S&T cooperation. GITA
supports commercialisation of bilateral R&D projects and facilitating technology transfers. Currently, GITA
is managing bilateral S&T projects with Canada, Israel, ASEAN countries and Taiwan.
21
Source: Frost and Sullivan
3 INDIAN INNOVATION ECOSYSTEM
The innovation ecosystem is a system of interconnected stakeholders, such as academic institutions, firms,
research institutions, venture capital firms, angel investors, national and local governments and the
entrepreneur, whose linkages enable efficient production, diffusion and use of new-and economicallyuseful knowledge. The innovation ecosystem in India, as presented in Figure 6, is complex as the mere
presence of these stakeholders is not enough. It is more important that each of these stakeholders
mutually reinforce each other by playing their role simultaneously and efficiently, which requires
coordination between the diverse factors in order to function effectively.
The R&D-and S&T-related ecosystem in India is complex and multi-layered. It consists of central
government agencies, autonomous bodies, universities, and private R&D and other ancillary departments.
The S&T deportments working with the central government's support include the following:
·
Department of Space
·
Department of Biotechnology
·
Department of Earth Sciences
·
Department of Atomic Energy
·
Department of Science and Technology
·
Department of Science and Industrial Research
Figure 6 : Indian Innovation Ecosystem
Figure 7 depicts the R&D structure in India, including the central and other ancillary departments.
- Regulation
- Competition policy
- Demand for innovation
- Ability to absorb innovation
Firm
Government
Creation of
incentive for
diaspora to
contribute
- Education policy
- Norms for
industry- academia
collaboration
- Focus on skill
development in the
education system
Figure 7 : Indian R&D Structure
Innovation
Collaboration for
innovation
Regulation
Competition
policy
Diaspora
Local and
Global
Market
Government of India
Principal Scientific
Advisor
- Technical expertise
- Investment
Local and
Global R&D
Labs
Ministry of
Science and
Technology
Finance / Venture
Capital
Local and Global
Universities, and
the educational
System
- Collaboration for innovation
- Supplying intellectual capital
- Supplying skilled manpower
Source : National Knowledge Commission
Ministry of
Communication
and IT
DBT
Department of
Space
DST
Department of
Ocean
Development
DSIR
Ministry of
Overseas
Indian Affairs
Ministry of
Health and
Family Welfare
Department of
Atomic Energy
DIT
Ministry of
Commerce and
Industry
Ministry of
Agriculture
Ministry of
Defence
Ministry of
Human
Resource
Department of
Defence Research
and Development
Department of
Agricultural
Research and
Education
DRDO
ICAR
ICMR
DIPF
University
Grants
Commission
IIT Council
IIMs
CSIR
Source: Evalueserve Analysis
Other ancillary departments, such as IT, health, environment and agriculture research, also carry out R&D
initiatives in their respective areas. Further, independent research institutes, private sector players and
academic institutes work in sync with each other to better harness the R&D atmosphere. The government
has also been spending aggressively on R&D. The budget allocation for key departments has increased
over the years. Table 7 details the government spending on various departments/ministries.
Table 7: Budget Allocation for Various R&D Departments/Ministries
Department/Ministry
2008 Budget
(INR Billion)
2007 Budget
(INR Billion)
2006 Budget
(INR Billion)
39.08
40.74
26.80
22.27*
17.80
20.78
9.19
3.47
17.16
41.40
37.96
38.58
24.60
15.20
17.75
19.02
6.94
2.57
15.36
38.40
31.73
29.97
21.60
13.41
11.77
15.50
5.34
1.69
11.26
31.66
6.48
23.70
9.71
6.17
20.46
8.87
4.48
18.99
4.75
Major Departments
Department of Space
Department of Agriculture Research and Education
Department of Medicine
Department of Scientific and Industrial Research
Department of Chemical and Petrochemicals
Department of Information Technology
Department of Telecommunication
Major Ministries
Ministry of Civil Aviation
Ministry of Defence
Ministry of Earth Sciences
* The figure includes the budget for Department of Health Research and Department of Health and Family Welfare.
Source: Government of India Union Budget and Economic Survey
4 R&D SUPPORT MECHANISM
In Figure 8, Evalueserve has presented the R&D ecosystem in India
highlighting support mechanisms for the commercialisation of research and
innovation.
Figure 8:R&D Ecosystem in India
The major R&D support mechanisms include the following.
4.1 SUPPORTING INFRASTRUCTURE
The Government of India has endeavoured to provide infrastructural
support for R&D initiatives. It is currently focussing on public-private
partnerships models, such as knowledge parks and incubator programmes,
to promote the commercialisation, transfer and diffusion of technology.
These partnerships provide the necessary environment for nurturing
entrepreneurial activity and assist in the start-up phase of an enterprise, in
terms of mentoring, specialised support services and networking. The
infrastructural support is being provided through the following:
India R&D
Ecosystem
Supporting Infrastructure
Business Incubators
Technology/Science parks
Special Economic Zones
Research
Universities
·
Business Incubators
·
Technology Parks
·
Special Economic Zones (SEZs)
Government Funded Technical Institutes
Private Technical Institutes
Business Schools
Government R&D Organizations
Corporate
Funding Institutions
Standards
University Grants Commission
All India Council for Technical Education
Bureau of Indian Standards
Government Departments
Department of Scientific & Industrial Research
Department of Space
Other Ancillary Research Departments
Venture Capital Associations/Angel Funding
Banking Institutions
Indian Angel Network
Industry Associations
Confederation of Indian Industries
Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry
Federation of Asian Biotech Association
Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India
National Association of Software and Services Companies
Association of Biotechnology Led Enterprises
Source : Evalueserve Analysis
INDIA R&DSupporting
ECOSYSTEM
Infrastructure
Business Incubators
Technology/Science parks
Special Economic Zones
4.1.1 Business Incubators
A business incubator is a body that
helps nurture start-up firms and
supports them in the process of
commercialisation of an
idea/technology.
Business Incubator Details
List of Technology Business
Incubators in India
FICCI
www.ficci.com
L-RAMP IIT Madras
www.lramp.org
IIT Delhi Technology Business
Incubator
www.fitt-iitd.org
Nirma Labs
www.nirmalabs.org
Incubators are primarily of two typesfor profit and non-profit. They can be further classified as academic/scientific incubators, private investment incubators and corporate incubators. Key
activities undertaken by the incubators are as follows :
·
Commercialisation of business ideas - The incubating facility helps in commercialising business ideas, including activities such as understanding the supply/demand for the
·
product/technology, competitive landscaping and organisation structure. It also helps the firm in maximising the output from its limited resources.
·
Funding - Incubators provide in-house funding, as well as help start-up firms in arranging funds from external sources, such as venture capitalists and concept financing agencies.
·
Funds are also sourced from ongoing schemes of the Government of India in various technology domains
·
Technological support/safeguarding of IP rights - The body provides technological know-how through its network of contacts and helps carry out further research. Incubators also help
in getting novel ideas patented and provide a legal cover against infringement by any other party. For instance, the technical research laboratories in IIT incubators offer hi-tech
facilities to delve into the details of various technologies
·
Foster entrepreneurship - Apart from providing funds and technical support, these agencies also help in imbibing the right spirit to sustain a new firm. This helps the company tackle
real-time business problems.
The technology business incubators (TBIs) provide a good platform for industry-academia interactions to help convert a potential research idea into a commercial success. However, in
order to make the TBIs more successful, it is imperative to improve the status of the faculty by providing performance-based incentives and facilitating involvement of industry executives
in academics and by creating awareness about job avenues amongst the PhD holders.
The Science and Technology Entrepreneurs Parks (STEP) programme was initiated for active interaction between industry and academia. These are autonomous bodies registered
under the Societies Act. They provide common facilities and infrastructure where industry and academia can share their knowledge, experience and expertise. STEPs provide facilities
such as testing and calibration, prototype development, computing, business facilitation services and quality assurance services. The main objective of STEPs is to provide effective
interaction between industry, academic institutes and research institutes. They also provide R&D support to small-scale industries. There are 15 such STEPs functioning in India, which
have collectively generated a turnover of nearly INR 1.3 billion. Moreover, the initiative provides employment to about 5,000 people. The list of STEPs is available at NSTEDB.
Rural Innovations Network
www.rinovations.org
Key Areas of Research
·
Science and technology including electronic equipment, biotechnology, nanotechnology, software development, automobiles, pharmaceuticals and aviation
·
Other areas include food processing, media and entertainment, and rural innovations
National Design Business Incubator
www.ndbiindia.org
Major Incubators
Some of the major incubators include FICCI Incubation Cell; IIT Delhi Technology Business Incubator; Nirma Labs; ITSMA-Euro Incubator; L-Ramp, IIT Madras; ICICI Knowledge Park and
MITCON Biotechnology Centre
www.mitconindia.com
Rural innovations network.
Amity Innovation Incubator
Amity Innovation Incubator (AII) is a non-profit society consisting of member such as industrialists, venture capitalists, technical specialists and managers; who comprise its advisory
board. The society is launched by Amity University to promote the entrepreneurial ecosystem in India. The society aims to provide the entrepreneurs with range of infrastructure, business
advisory, mentoring and financial services to help them overcome the preliminary hiccups generally faced by such start-ups. The society offers investment advisory services, private equity
syndication, M&A, structured financing, special situations and strategic advisory services to corporate and investors with the help of its core team and associates
Recent Activities
·
In January 2008, NASSCOM and ICICI Knowledge Park announced a knowledge fund to provide seed investments for innovations in emerging technologies.
·
In April 2007, IIT Madras entered into an MoU with Rural Innovations Network to help enable small-scale rural innovations reach the market.
4.1.2 Technology/Science Parks
Technology parks are facilities
housing workspace for corporations,
research laboratories, training
academies, consulting agencies and
knowledge-based centres. Set up
mainly by private players, these are
state-of-the-art facilities designed
to focus on innovation and product
advancement.
Information Technology Parks
With the Indian IT industry becoming one of the largest exporters of software products globally, the Ministry of Information Technology has collaborated with private corporations and
infrastructure development companies to set up technology parks. These technology parks offer a platform for grooming requisite talent for the industry by providing world-class facilities.
Some major operational IT parks are as follows:
·
Software Technology Parks of India (STPI), which are present in various cities such as Bangalore, Bhubaneswar, Chennai, Hyderabad, Guwahati, Noida, Mumbai, Kolkata, Lucknow,
Dehradun, Patna, Ranchi and Gandhinagar
·
Rajiv Gandhi Infotech Park, Hinjewadi, Pune
·
International Tech Park, Bangalore
·
SIPCOT IT Park (State Industries Promotion Corporation of Tamil Nadu)
·
Hyderabad Information Technology Engineering Consultancy City, Hyderabad
·
Technopark Kerala
·
Rajiv Gandhi Chandigarh Technology Park (RGCTP)
·
Biotechnology/Life Sciences
The Indian government has made conscious efforts to set up biotechnology parks through collaborations with private players. Organisations such as CSIR, DBT and various private players
have been working towards providing advanced clinical research and analysis facilities within the country. Indian states, such as Karnataka and Gujarat, are also planning to set up such
parks. Currently, there are five biotech parks in the country, which have been mentioned below.
·
ICICI Knowledge Park
·
Shapoorji Pallonji Biotech Park, Andhra Pradesh
·
International Biotech Park, Maharashtra
·
Lucknow Biotech Park, Uttar Pradesh
·
Ticel Bio Park, Tamil Nadu
·
Various other biotech parks either exist/planned in other cities such as Chandigarh, Lucknow, Jaipur, Jodhpur, Alwar, Kochi and Thiruvananthapuram.
Others
4.1.3 Special Economic Zones (SEZs)
SEZs have been established to
provide impetus to economic activity
in a specific region, increase
earnings from exports, develop
infrastructure and generate more
employment opportunities.
Website
http://sezindia.nic.in/welcome.htm
The SEZ policy, announced in 2000, is being implemented successfully. The policy provides a single window clearance to all matters related to the setting up of new units in an existing
SEZ. Moreover, the SEZ policy provides major tax breaks for companies setting up SEZs and better infrastructure facilities, combined with tax exemption, for those establishing their
facilities in these zones. Owing to simplified procedures, faster approval processes and benefits given to the corporates, there has been a surge in the number of SEZs in the past 5 years.
The main objectives of setting up SEZs are as follows:
·
Generating additional economic activity
·
Promoting exports of goods and services
·
Promoting investments from domestic and foreign sources
·
Creating employment opportunities
·
Developing infrastructure facilities
·
The exports from SEZs increased from INR 138.5 billion in 200304 to INR 346.2 billion in 200607 and are expected to reach INR 670.9 billion by 200708.
Impact of the new SEZ policy
The new SEZ policy adopted by the Government of India in 2005 has received a tremendous response from domestic and foreign players, leading to huge investments. Following the
enactment of the 2005 SEZ Act, the total investments reached INR 673.5 billion and 61,015 additional employment opportunities were created. Following are some of the major SEZs in
India:
·
Nokia SEZ, Tamil Nadu
·
Quark City SEZ, Chandigarh
·
Flextronics SEZ, Tamil Nadu
·
Mahindra World City, Tamil Nadu
·
Apache SEZ (Adidas Group), Andhra Pradesh
·
Divvy's Laboratories, Andhra Pradesh
·
Rajiv Gandhi Technology Park, Chandigarh
·
ETL Infrastructure IT SEZ, Chennai
·
Hyderabad Gems Limited, Hyderabad
·
Noida Export Processing Zone, Noida
·
Raheja Infocity, Navi Mumbai
·
Navi Mumbai SEZ, Navi Mumbai
·
NIIT Technologies SEZ, Greater Noida
·
Ansal IT City and Parks, Greater Noida
·
Vikas Telecom, Varthur Hoblic, Bangalore
·
HCL Technologies SEZ, Bangalore
INDIA R&D ECOSYSTEM
Funding Institutions
Venture Capital Associations/Angel Funding
Banking Institutions
4.2 FUNDING INSTITUTIONS
Financing of seed and early-stage deals forms a vital part of the innovation efforts in the economy.
Financial institutions such as banks and the stock market directly influence the availability of funds for
research and development. Besides, other institutions, such as the Small Industries Development Bank of
India (SIDBI), also finance developing businesses. A robust banking system and a growing stock market
provide incentives for stakeholders to invest in research activities.
4.2.1 Venture Capital Associations/Angel Funding
Venture capital is used to fund
growing enterprises in exchange of
an equity stake. Venture capitalists
generally do not take part in the
day-to-day operations, however,
they do have a say in the company's
decisions. They act as mentors and
give timely advice on various issues
(such as sales, finance) to help the
enterprise realize its true potential.
Contact Details
Indian Venture Capital and Private
Equity Association
301-302, Delhi Blue Apartments
Main Ring Road,
Near Safdarjung Hospital
New Delhi 110 029
Tel: + 91 11 4162 8566
Email
info@indiavca.org
Website
www.indiavca.org/Default.aspx
The Indian Venture Capital Association (IVCA) has been working towards the development of the private equity and venture capital industry in India since 1993. The agency also serves as
a networking body and facilitates interaction between major investment funds from India and abroad. The key activities carried out by IVCA are as follows:
Information Resource - IVCA collects, analyses and publishes data related to private equity managers and their investee companies. The analysis provides a comparison between
performance figures from India and other markets. The assessment is done in alliance with Thomas Financial and is published in the IVCA yearbook.
Professional Development - The association conducts various knowledge and training sessions/seminars for its members through collaborations with organisations such as the European
Venture Capital Association (EVCA). This enables investment professionals to get a good exposure to the industry trends and outlook of venture capitalists.
Networking/Membership - The web portal Indiavca.org acts as a hub for VC/PE managers and other corporations interested in VC funding. IVCA releases weekly and quarterly updates
through newsletters. It also conducts an annual conference where members/budding entrepreneurs can meet and discuss relevant issues.
Key Areas
Some of the major areas that recently saw VC funding are knowledge-based industries, such as IT and ITES, biotechnology, semiconductors, pharmaceuticals and wireless technologies.
Other areas include real estate, manufacturing, travel and leisure, food and beverage, banking, finance and insurance.
Funding Size and Number of Deals
·
In 2006, the total size of PE/VC funding increased to INR 339.9 billion, compared to INR 97.1 billion in 2005. Also, the number of deals surged to a whopping 299, compared to 146 the
previous year.
·
Companies that have exited recently (2006) include MphasiS (investor Baring PE), Progeon (investor Citigroup), R Systems (investors Intel Capital, GE Capital), OfficeTiger (investor
RR Donnelly), CSS Group (investor SAIF) and Allcargo (investor New Vernon, Volarado).
Recent Activities
In October 2007, Thomson Financial (Thomson Corporation), a leading provider of integrated financial information on a global scale, entered into a strategic alliance with IVCA. The
partnership will benefit Thomson as it broadens its scope of information offering to its clients. At the same time, it offers IVCA's member firms a better understanding of the global
scenario.
4.2.2 Banking Institutions
Banking institutions are financial
institutions that act as payment
agents for customers, and indulge in
borrowing and lending money.
The banking sector in India can be classified into nationalised banks, private banks and specialised banking institutions (non-banking financial institutions and loan associations). The
Reserve Bank of India, an autonomous body established in 1935, acts as the central authority that monitors the functioning of the credit and currency system. Its main objectives include
formulating and implementing the monitory policy for the country, maintaining liquidity conditions and controlling credit flows.
Nationalised Banks
·
In 1969, the Government of India nationalised 14 large commercial banks to exercise increased control over the credit delivery system in the country. The nationalised segment
includes the State Bank of India (largest among government-owned or private banks in India), Allahabad Bank, Bank of India, Canara Bank, Corporation Bank, Dena Bank, Indian
Overseas Bank, Oriental Bank of Commerce, Punjab National Bank, Union Bank of India and Vijaya Bank.
Private Banks (including foreign banks)
·
Post-liberalisation, in early 1990s, several private banks were established in the Indian banking industry. The newly-born tech-savvy banks changed the way banks functioned in India.
These banks provided a range of new services to their customers, such as Internet banking and bank by phone, and registered huge year-on-year growth. Major private banks
operating in the country include ICICI Bank (largest private bank in India), HDFC, Kotak Mahindra, Axis bank, IDBI, IndusInd Bank and ING Vysya Bank.
·
Major foreign banks operating in India include HSBC, Citibank, Standard Chartered and ABN AMRO.
Non-Banking Financial Corporation (NBFC)
·
NBFCs provide banking services, such as loans and credit facilities, supporting investments in property and wealth management.
·
Major NBFCs in India include Bajaj Auto Finance, Cholamandalam Investments & Finance, Escorts Finance Ltd. and IFCI Limited.
Recent Activities
·
In March 2008, the Citi Foundation announced a fund of approximately INR 450 million for the microfinance sector. Sa-Dhan, a microfinance institution in India, has been selected to
receive the funding.
4.2.3 Indian Angel Network
Established in 2006, Indian Angel
Network (IAN) is India's first and
largest business angel group.
Indian Angel Network is India's first and the largest angel group that brings together successful entrepreneurs and CEOs who share their passion to enable more early-stage businesses to
grow in terms of scale, as well as value. By focusing on start-ups, the Network addresses the present scenario of acute unavailability of funds to early-stage companies. The Network
believes that early-stage businesses require more than just money to succeed. They require close mentoring and inputs on strategy, as well as execution.
Contact Details
Delhi Blue Apartments
Main Ring Road
Near Safdarjung Hospital
New Delhi 110 029
Indian Angel Network currently has over 80 members drawn from across the country and some from overseas. The members come from a wide cross-section of industry sectors and
comprise the who's who of successful entrepreneurs and CEOs. As an angel group, IAN has innovated by bringing institutional members such as IBM, Google, Intel and Naukri.com.
The network looks for innovative business ideas, technologies and solutions with an objective to be the missing bridge (from “lab to land”) in India. It has met early successes and has
already invested in 15 companies across multiple sectors such as information technology, education, hospitality, intellectual property, robotics and consumer internet.
Website
http://www.indianangelnetwork.co
m
Email
info@indianangelnetwork.com
Phone
(011) 4162 8566
Fax
(011) 4162 8863
The members of the network have had prior entrepreneurial and/or strong operational experience, which they bring to early-stage businesses. The network attempts to significantly
enhance the success rate through high-quality mentoring, inputs on strategy and execution plans and leveraging their vast networks. Owing to their strong industrial experience and
background, the network members are better able to evaluate the potential of the start-ups and identify the risks at an early stage.
IAN has been an amazing success story. Within two years of its inception, it has made more investments than most funds do in their life cycle. It has become the first port of call for
entrepreneurs with innovative ideas, which is evident from the total deal flow, which exceeds over 50 a month.
India Innovation Fund
·
IAN's tremendous success has highlighted another gap viz. between the angel investors and the early-stage venture capitalists (VCs) in India. IAN has therefore sponsored a unique
and differentiated angel fund of INR 2.5 billion for bridging the gap. The fund provides the following advantages:
·
Leverages power of India's largest angel network
·
Proprietary deal flow
·
Extensive business/personal networks
·
Mentoring/boards, etc
·
M&A's/exits
·
Strongly supported by the entire IAN membership investing own capital, sharing carry, aligned interests
·
Plugs the gap in India's VC eco system (USD 13 million)
·
Considers sectors that leverage expertise of the angels in rapidly-growing markets, with special focus on the following :
·
Tech/tech enabled
·
Consumer driven demand
·
Environment/clean tech
·
Intends to be a preferred fund for first institutional investment
INDIA R&D ECOSYSTEM
Research
Universities
Government Funded Technical Institutes
Private Technical Institutes
Business Schools
Government R&D Organizations
Corporate
4.3 ACADEMIC RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS
World-class institutes in India, such as the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), the Indian Institute of
Science (IISc) and the National Institutes of Technology (NIT), provide MNCs with a readymade platform to
carry out research. An increasing number of companies are collaborating with institutes to undertake
research due to the ready availability of research infrastructure and the strong research support from
scientists in government research organisations.
India has a vast network of universities, which can prove to be a big asset in promoting R&D. Except for the
IITs and IISc, other institutes have not done much in R&D, though they have a vast pool of science and
engineering PhDs. Institutes other than IITs and IISc such as NITs, BIT and VIT, have taken initiatives
towards encouraging R&D at university level but the outcome of the same needs to be seen.
The other issue faced by India is retaining the best researchers. Best graduates from science and
technology institutes go abroad for higher education, which compels the premier post graduate institutes
to accept students from less-prestigious colleges. The Indian education lags behind in motivating students
to pursue a career in R&D.22
field of high-end research and poor infrastructure, India has witnessed an increase in good quality R&D
work. This can primarily be attributed to the MNC-led R&D being driven by companies such as Intel, Cisco,
IBM, EMC and Nokia.25
·
The Government of India has, over the years, set up a host of institutes that form the core of R&D
activities in the country. In the field of scientific, technical and management education, and research,
institutions such as the IITs, the IISc, the Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs), and various central
and state universities are at the forefront.
·
Further, the IITs have well-established industry-institute platforms, such as The Foundation for
Innovation and Technology Transfer (FITT) at IIT Delhi, the Industrial Research & Consultancy Centre
(IRCC) at IIT Mumbai and the Sponsored Research and Industrial Consultancy (SRIC) at IIT Kharagpur,
that facilitate private funding for research projects in return for customised industry-focused research
and consulting services.
·
Specialised centres such as the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) are also involved in
cutting-edge research in basic sciences. In the field of agricultural research, various institutions and
research centres under the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) are playing a key role.
Science education at university levels in India has been impacted with the proportion of college students
opting for science decreasing from 32 percent in 1950 to 15 percent in 2000. In order to sort this out, the
government has offered annual scholarships of INR 5,000 to students who pick science in high school. The
number of scientific papers published in China increased by 104 times between 1980 and 2005, while it
increased by only 2.3 times in India during the same period. Hence, to catch up with China, India needs to
take more definite steps, such as increased private and public sector funding of R&D, coupled with peer
group monitoring at regular intervals.
Indian universities are currently contributing just 1.8 percent of the total number of patents filed. Patents
can lead India into product development, which will subsequently help in economic development of the
country.23 India has a network of national laboratories, universities and government institutions that
produce publications file patents but have not been successful in converting their work into commercial
applications. There are a number of reforms needed in the Indian innovation ecosystem, such as upgrading
the research capabilities of universities, providing incentives to independent researchers to commercialise
research and enable the private sector to work in close co-ordination with the government S&T
institutions.24
22
Source: Financial Express – June 2008
Source: The Hindu - April 2008
24
Source: Hindustan Times - April 2008
25
Source: Financial Express - April 2008
23
Despite various constraints, such as the shortage of high-skilled work force, relative inexperience in the
The Indian Institutes of Technology
(IITs) are a group of seven centres of
excellence for higher education,
research and development in
science, engineering and
technology.
IITs emphasise on training scientists and engineers from all disciplines to promote excellence in science, arts and the practice of engineering, with the aim of developing a skilled
workforce. Further, these institutes carry out various sponsored R&D and technology development projects in association with government organisations and private companies. Details of
some key research activities undertaken at IITs are as follows:
Contact Details
IIT Delhi
Hauz Khas,
New Delhi 110016
Tel: +91 11 2659 7194/67
http://www.iitd.ernet.in/research/in
dex.html
The units also aid the commercialisation of science and technology in the institute; coordinate contract/consultancy projects, technology development projects and intellectual property
generation/protection activities; and manage facilities of external agencies.
·
These units include the FITT at IIT Delhi, the IRCC at IIT Mumbai and the SRIC at IIT Kharagpur.
IIT Bombay
The Dean (R&D)
2nd Floor, IRCC-SOM. IIT,
Powai, Mumbai – 400076
Tel: +91 22 2572 2545
http://www.ircc.iitb.ac.in/webnew/
IIT Kharagpur
Indian Institute of Technology
Kharagpur – 721302
Tel: +91 32 2225 5221
+91 32 2228 2037
http://www.iitkgp.ac.in/index.php
The institutes have set up separate units to provide administrative and managerial support for their R&D activities. These units carry out various sponsored projects, international projects
and consultancy jobs.
Bilateral Collaborations and Interactions with other Players
·
The institutes have collaborated with national, as well as international organisations and universities to support their R&D activities.
·
IITs have collaborated, on a number of research projects, with global institutes/universities. They have also collaborated with organisations, such as UNIDO and PPG Industries.
·
These institutes have R&D laboratories sponsored by industries/associations, such as Department of Science and Technology (DST), Department of Biotechnology (DBT) and the
Ministry of Communications and Information Technology. They also collaborate with organisations, associations and universities, such as Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
(CSIR), DRDO and the National Science Foundation.
·
Please refer to Appendix for details of collaborations/associations of various IITs.
Funding Mechanism
R&D activities in all IITs are sponsored by various government departments/ministries and industry organisations.
·
IIT Delhi: The total funds it received for the year 200607 were INR 388.2 million.
·
IIT Kanpur: In 200607, the institute had about 138 sponsored projects and 96 consultancy projects worth INR 656.9 million and INR 54 million, respectively.
·
Please refer to Appendix for the list of funding agencies of the IITs.
·
The key areas of research include agriculture and agro-processing, biochemical and biotechnology, chemical engineering, mechanical and civil engineering, construction and
metallurgy, computers, electronics, instrumentation and electrical, medical and pharmaceuticals, rubber, textiles and rural development.
·
Moreover, IIT Bombay has undertaken R&D in specialised fields of computational biology, computational fluid dynamics, magnetism, energy systems, microelectronics and VLSI,
nanotechnology, robotics, sensors and actuators.
IIT Madras
IIT Post Office,
Chennai – 600036
Tel: +91 44 22578133
http://www.iitm.ac.in/
IIT Kanpur
Kalyanpur
Kanpur – 208016
Tel: +91 51 2679 7210
+91 51 2392 7210
http://www.iitk.ac.in/
IIT Guwahati
Guwahati 781039
Tel: +91 36 1269 2769
+91 36 1258 2082
http://www.iitg.ernet.in/
Roorkee – 247667
Uttarakhand
Tel: +91 13 3228 5311
+91 13 3228 5678
http://www.iitr.ernet.in/
Email
IIT Kanpur: rnd@iitk.ac.in
IIT Guwahati: juba@iitg.ernet.in
IIT Roorkee: dsric@iitr.ermet.in
Details on R&D Support to the Private Sector
·
IIT Bombay: The institute has partnered with Infosys for R&D interaction with the Centre for Aerospace Systems Design and Engineering. It has also partnered with Verifone India Pvt.
Ltd to promote education and research on database management.
·
IIT Kharagpur: The institute has provided R&D services to private sector companies such as Ambuja Cement, Apollo Tyres, Bayer, General Motors and Infosys. For the list of clients and
the projects carried out, please refer to http://www.iitkgp.ac.in/sric/clients.php.
·
IIT Kanpur: For the list of projects carried out during 200507, please refer to http://www.iitk.ac.in/dord/DORD/2005_2007.pdf.
for Innovation and Technology Transfer
4.3.1.1 The Foundation for Innovation and Technology Transfer (FITT)
FITT is an industry-institute platform
of IIT Delhi, established in 1992 as a
registered society to promote and
sustain commercialisation of
science and technology in the
institute.
Contact Details
Managing Director,
Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi
[IITD]
Hauz Khas,
New Delhi 110 016
India
Website
FITT
Email
mdfitt@gmail.com
Switchboard
+91 11 2685 7762
+91 11 2659 7167
+91 11 2659 7164
+91 11 2659 7289
+91 11 2659 7153
+91 11 2658 1013
FITT is an interface for technology transfer between IIT Delhi and the industry. Its primary objective is to encourage commercialisation of the scientific and technological capabilities of the
institute. The key activities undertaken by FITT are as follows:
·
Enabling technology transfer for tested R&D output
·
Encouraging industry interaction in research partnerships/consultancy projects for the development of technology and its commercialisation
·
Safeguarding intellectual property
·
Providing information support service to industry and research organisations
·
Providing its industry/academia partners with access to IIT Delhi's specialised equipment and central facilities
·
One of the key programmes of the FITT cell is the Technology Business Incubator (TBI), which seeks to promote collaboration with new technology entrepreneurs and start-up
companies to develop and commercialise new technologies.
Bilateral Collaboration and Interaction with other Players
·
FITT has well-developed networks with various scientific and industrial communities to enable commercialisation of the technologies developed in their laboratories.
·
FITT has partnerships with industry giants such as Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd (BHEL), Aricent Technologies (Holdings) Ltd, Hero Honda Motors Ltd, Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd, Larsen
& Toubro Ltd, Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd, Reliance Industries Ltd and HCL Infosystems Ltd, among others.
·
It also collaborates with other institutions such as the Centre for Innovation Incubation and Entrepreneurship at the Indian Institute of Management for incubation of technology-based
endeavours.
·
Please refer to http://www.fitt-iitd.org for a complete list of the industry members of FITT.
Funding Mechanism
FITT receives funding for the various R&D initiatives under its purview through its member companies. It also receives funding from the ICICI/World Bank-Funded Technology Institution
Programme (TIP) for its TBI unit.
Key Areas of Research - IIT Delhi engages in research in the following technology fields:
·
Agriculture and agro industry
·
Biochemical and biotechnology
·
Chemical, civil and construction engineering
·
Computer science, electrical and electronics and communication
·
Industrial chemicals and allied industries
·
Instrumentation, devices and control
·
Mechanical and metallurgical engineering
·
Medical and pharmaceutical sciences
·
Polymer, plastics and rubber
·
Rural development
4.3.1.2 Industrial Research and Consultancy Centre (IRCC)
IRCC is an arm of IIT Bombay,
established with the objective of
coordinating the institute's R&D
activities. It also assists in
promoting and managing industry
interaction.
Contact Details
2nd Floor, IRCC SOM Building,
Bombay
Powai, Mumbai 400 076 (INDIA)
Website
IRCC
SINE
Email
dean.rnd@iitb.ac.in
Switchboard
+91 22 2576 7030
+91 22 2576 7039
IRCC, which coordinates the research and development activities at IIT Bombay, also facilitates the institute's interaction with external agencies. The major activities of IRCC are as
follows:
·
Sponsored Research and Development Projects: It controls and manages sponsored R&D projects, with funding from government agencies and industries.
·
Contract Research/Consultancy Projects: It also helps in liaising with industry/government bodies to undertake consultancy projects, which are generally of short duration, having
clear-cut deliverables and aimed at solving specific problems. It also undertakes interaction between the institute and industry for establishing collaborative research partnerships in
certain emerging areas.
·
Technology Transfer/Licensing: It manages transfer/licensing of technologies developed from the R&D activities undertaken by the faculty, scientists and students of the institute.
·
Intellectual Property Management: It provides direction, support and resources to the institute's faculty, scientists and students for intellectual property protection and assists in
drawing up contracts.
·
Technology Incubation: It provides support to the government-funded TBI programme to drive and support entrepreneurship and incubation of technologies developed at the Institute.
Additionally, IRCC also provides research seed grant to upcoming faculty/scientists to help initiate R&D work. It enables information dissemination by publishing periodical
publications/newsletters. It also manages IIT Bombay's new initiative, Research Fellowship Scheme, which updates students about the ongoing high-quality research and allows them to
contribute and participate in such activities.
IIT Bombay hosts a business incubator, SINE (Society for Innovation and Entrepreneurship).
IIT Bombay, known for its technology innovation and research excellence, was one of the first institutes in India to adopt the concept of business incubation. In 1999, an IT business
incubator was set up at Kanwal Rekhi School of Information and Technology. Later, in 2004, SINE was established to accelerate entrepreneurship in the institute. With an infrastructure
spread of over 100, 00 sq.ft. and capacity of accommodating about 1517 companies, SINE encourages technology based entrepreneurship by facilitating the conversion of research activity
into entrepreneurial ventures. The Department of Science and Technology of the Government of India has also provided financial assistance to the business incubator.
IRCC has relationships with various government associations, such as the Aeronautical Development Agency, the CSIR, the Department of Atomic Energy, DRDO and ISRO, and companies
including ONGC, TCS, Unilever, Honeywell Technology Solutions Ltd, L&T, Grasim Industries and Reliance Industries Limited.
It has also maintained strong R&D relationships with other educational and research institutions, such as the University of California Riverside (US), the University of British Columbia
(Canada), the National Institute of Health (US) and the British Council (UK), among others.
Funding Mechanism
It receives funds from various national and international government organisations, universities and industries.
4.3.1.2 Industrial Research and Consultancy Centre (IRCC)
·
Aerospace engineering
·
Chemical engineering
·
Chemistry
·
Civil engineering
·
Computer science and engineering
·
Electrical engineering
·
Earth sciences
·
Mechanical engineering
·
Metallurgical engineering and materials science
·
Physics
Details on R&D Projects Undertaken by IRCC
Following are some of the R&D projects undertaken by IRCC in association with the industry.
·
A Study of Neural Network Schemes for Radar Signal Processing
·
Herbal Oil Surfactant Therapy for Saving Premature Babies
·
Scheme of R&D-Atmospheric Modelling to study Aerosols & Climate in the Indian Region
·
Coarse Grain Molecular Modelling of Polycarbonates
·
National project on Earthquake Engineering Education
·
Development of Design Guidelines and Preparation of Handbook on Energy Conscious Architecture
4.3.1.3 Sponsored Research and Industrial Consultancy (SRIC)
SRIC was set up in 1982 as an
industry-institute interface between
funding agencies and IIT Kharagpur
to manage sponsored research
projects and industrial consultancy
assignments.
SRIC works under the aegis of IIT Kharagpur, a central government-funded institute, and acts as a platform to collaborate with industry units and research organisations. The key functions
of SRIC are as follows:
·
Undertaking consultancy assignments
·
Management of funds for research activities
·
Management of intellectual property (IP)Organising workshops/seminars on IP rights for the faculty, students and scientists
An IPR and Industrial Relations Cell have been set up under the SRIC to manage the IP interests of the faculty and the funding agencies.
Contact Details
Kharagpur,
Kharagpur 721302
India
Website
SRIC
IIT Kharagpur
Switchboard
+91 3222 255 221
·
SRIC has partnered with various national and international institutions and industrial units to collaborate on research and consulting activities. These institutions include government
ministries and agencies, such as the Department of Science and Technology (DST), DRDO and ISRO.
·
Private sector companies (Intel, Microsoft, Posco, Volkswagen, Tata Steel, ITC, BEL, etc.) and academic institutions in India and abroad (Korea Institute of Geosciences and Mineral
Resources, South Korea; Kyushu University, Japan; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Germany; All India Council for Technical Education, etc.) have sponsored research at SRIC.
Please refer to http://www.iitkgp.ac.in for the list of organisations/agencies that have sponsored research at SRIC.
·
Please refer to this http://www.iitkgp.ac.in to view a full list of clients for whom consulting assignments have been undertaken.
Funding Mechanism
·
SRIC receives substantial funding from the alumni network of IIT Kharagpur.
·
Further, it gains revenue through consulting assignments for companies and other institutions. It also receives grants from its clients for undertaking research activities on their behalf.
·
At IIT Kharagpur, research is conducted in various disciplines of engineering, such as aerospace, electrical, electronics and communication, materials and civil.
·
The institute also has a school of management sciences, a school for intellectual property law and other such specialised centres, in addition to the facilities for basic sciences. These
institutes also undertake research activities at various levels.
IISc is an institution for higher
education. It was established in
1909 with the objective of
promoting research and education in
emerging fields of science and
engineering.
Contact Details
Indian Institute of Science
Bangalore 560012
India
Website
IISc
Email
regr@admin.iisc.ernet.in
Switchboard
+91 80 2360 0757
IISc, one of the premier institutions of higher education in India, works in close association with research institutions and the industry. The key activities undertaken by IISc include
promotion, development and consultancy on research activities in diverse fields.
The institute has 37 major departments and centres, which can be categorised into five distinct disciplinary divisionsbiological, chemical, electrical, mechanical, and physical and
mathematical sciences. Following are the facilities available for research at the IISc:
·
Computing Facility: The Supercomputer Education and Research Centre (SERC) focuses on research and education in the areas of computer systems, computational science and
bioinformatics.
·
Cryogenic Facility: The Centre for Cryogenic Technology (CCT) is involved in research and consultancy in the fields of cryogenic engineering, as well as production and supply of
cryogens.
·
Nano-electronics Centre: The Centre of Excellence in Nano-electronics (CEN) focuses on areas such as nano-scale electronics, devices, technologies, materials, micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems, bio-electronic interfaces and integrated small-scale systems.
·
Nuclear Magnetics Resonance: The NMR Research Centre undertakes analysis of samples received from scientists and institutions; provides facilities to scientists for research;
organises short-term courses/workshops on the use and application of various instruments, techniques for research and training of technicians for sophisticated instruments;
promotes projects for the development of new techniques, sophisticated instruments and improvement of existing instruments.
·
Science Information: The National Centre for Science Information (NCSI) provides various kinds of electronic information services to scholars at the institute. It undertakes R&D and
consultancy projects funded by government departments and private agencies.
The IISc has relationships with various scientific and industrial research organisations. Its interaction with the industry and the academia is routed through the following channels:
·
Centre for Continuing Education (CCE): It offers short-term courses to scientists and technologists in emerging technological fields.
·
Centre for Scientific and Industrial Consultancy (CSIC): Companies can utilise the intellectual capital of IISc for consulting assignments through the CSIC initiative.
·
Society for Innovation and Development (SID): Its activities include undertaking research projects and setting up joint R&D centres with other institutions.
·
Centre for Sponsored Schemes and Projects (CSSP): The key activities of CSSP include handling externally-sponsored schemes and research projects.
·
Technology Development Missions (TDM): The key objective of TDM is to strengthen the R&D capabilities of Indian industries, developing technology and processes for socioeconomic benefit, promoting industry-institute linkages and collaboration between IITs and IISc, and promoting teamwork in mission-oriented projects.
·
International Relations Cell (IRC): It oversees and coordinates all international programmes of the institute, such as exchange programmes for faculties and research collaboration with
foreign industry and academia. Collaborative agreements are in place with many universities, such as the Australian National University, the National University of Singapore,
UNESCO-UNISPAR, the University of Manchester, the University of Southern California, Ecole Polytechnique of France and the University of York.
IISc has relationships with major R&D organisations in the country. These primarily include government research organisations, such as the Aeronautical Research Development Board
(ARDB), the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).
It also has research collaboration with private sector companies, such as Boeing, Cadila Pharmaceuticals, DaimlerChrysler, General Electric, General Motors, Hindustan Lever Limited,
Indian Immunologies and Intel.
Funding Mechanism
·
Government ministries and agencies, such as ARDB, CSIR, the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Department of Biotechnology (DBT)
and Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) provide funding for research at IISc.
·
The IISc faculty also undertakes consultancy work through the CSIC or SID.
·
Sponsored research programmes under the CSSP and the SID also contribute to the institute's funding.
·
Biological sciences
·
Chemical sciences
·
Electrical sciences
·
Mechanical sciences
·
Physical and mathematical sciences
Details on R&D Projects
Following are the projects carried out in association with industry partners.
·
Microsoft Multilingual Interface to the Digital Library
·
Hitachi Design and Analysis of Data Mining Algorithms
·
BHEL Rotating Helium Transfer Coupling for Superconducting Generator
·
CSIR Two-Stage Pulse Tube Coolers
4.3.2.1 Centre for Scientific and Industrial Consultancy (CSIC)
CSIC was established in 1975 to
promote industry academia linkages
for mutual benefit.
Contact Details
Centre for Scientific and Industrial
Consultancy
Indian Institute of Science
Bangalore 560 012
Website
CSIC
Email
chairman@csic.iisc.ernet.in
Switchboard
+91 80 2293 2236
+91 80 2293 2917
CSIC is a gateway between the industry and academia and provides solution to industry problems. The institute is involved in conducting consultancy projects for industry players. The
centre helps the scientists to interact with the industry, while industry gets access to the expertise and research facilities of the institute.
The various types of consultancy provided by CSIC can be classified as mentioned below:
·
System/Product/Process Design and Development
·
Software Development
·
Technology Transfer
·
Testing and Evaluation
·
Diagnostics and System studies
·
Manpower Development
The areas of research where the industry and academia linkages have been fruitful include energy, water, health, computers, defence and space, agriculture and environment. The centre
helps the commercialisation of innovations by scientists and assists in being applied in industrial applications. Some of the technology transfer projects include the biomass gasifier,
which has been in commercial use since a decade.
The centre has not only helped the urban areas but also the underprivileged people of the rural India. Due to excellent industry linkages, CSIC has also been vested with the responsibility
of placing students in the industry.
4.3.3 Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR)
TIFR was established in 1945 by Dr.
Homi J. Bhabha, as a university with
research interests in areas of basic
sciences covering fields, such as
biology, chemistry, computer
science, mathematics and physics.
TIFR is a premier institute for fundamental research in basic sciences. The research disciplines under study at TIFR can be categorised into the following three schools:
·
The School of Mathematics: Research interests of this school include algebra, algebraic geometry, lie groups, lie algebra, algebraic groups, representation theory and quantum groups,
theory of numbers, combinatorics, differential geometry and topology. An additional centre at Bangalore is dedicated to the study of differential equations, harmonic analysis,
numerical analysis and probability theory.
·
The School of Natural Sciences: Research interests of this school primarily include astronomy and astrophysics, chemical sciences, condensed matter physics, high-energy physics,
molecular biology, nuclear and atomic physics, radio astronomy and theoretical physics.
·
The School of Technology and Computer Science: Research interests of this school include algorithms, computational mathematics, distributed and mobile computing, logics of
programmes, robot-motion planning and robot vision, software engineering and formal methods, and speech and signal processing.
Contact Details
Tata Institute of Fundamental
Research
Homi Bhabha Road
Mumbai 400 005
Other research centres, such as The Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education, Bombay; The National Centre for Radio Astrophysics, Pune; and The National Centre for Biological
Sciences, Bangalore; also form part of TIFR activities. In addition to the above schools and research centres, TIFR has many other field stations established for research purposes.
Website
TIFR
·
TIFR collaborates with domestic institutes, such as Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre (VECC) in
Email
webmaster@tifr.res.in
Calcutta, for various research purposes.
·
The institute also works in collaboration with many academic institutes located overseas. For instance, it had collaborated with French research institutes such as ENS de Cachan and
Ecole Polytechnique in the past. TIFR also collaborates with scientists from the European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN).
TIFR Mumbai Campus
+91 22 2278 2000
Funding Mechanism
·
The operating expenses of TIFR are provided by the Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India. A general purpose TIFR Endowment Fund has also been created to promote
flexible funding of research initiatives.
·
It also receives funds from overseas institutes. For instance, the Department of Biological Sciences has received funding from the International Senior Research Fellowship, Wellcome
Trust (UK) and the Human Frontier Sciences Program (HFSP).
The NITs are premiere institutes of
engineering and technology in India,
emulated on the lines of IITs.
Formerly known as Regional Engineering Colleges (RECs), the NITs have been established through an Act of Parliament, which grants them autonomy in their functioning. It is an attempt
to replicate the IIT system, so that more students can avail quality higher education.
There are 20 NITs spread across different states of India. These institutes are located in Allahabad, Bhopal, Calicut, Durgapur, Kurukshetra, Jamshedpur, Jaipur, Nagpur, Rourkela,
Srinagar, Surathkal, Surat, Tiruchirapally (Trichy), Warangal, Silchar, Hamirpur, Jalandhar, Patna, Raipur and Agartala.
Key research and innovation promotion activities at some of the higher-ranked26 NITs have been listed here.
·
NIT Trichy: The institute houses a Science and Technology Entrepreneurs Park (TREC-STEP), which is also a business incubation centre. In addition, NIT Trichy handles industrial
consultancy and undertakes sponsored research, which results in focused research initiatives. The institute also has an IPR cell to promote and undertake other relevant activities.
·
NIT Warangal: In addition to undertaking research on various disciplines, such as electronics, computer science and mechanical engineering, the institute also undertakes consultancy
assignments.
·
NIT Calicut: The institute has a TBI that houses many companies. Industrial consultancy and sponsored research programmes are also undertaken.
·
NIT Rourkela: The Sponsored Research and Industrial Consultancy (SRIC) Cell oversees all industry-sponsored projects.
All the NITs are part of the Technical Education Quality Improvement Programme (TEQIP) to ensure constant evolution of teaching and research standards.
The NITs have close association with industry and other research institutions. Sponsored research and industrial consultancy programmes align the research focus of the institutes with
commercial interests. A few examples of NIT-industry interactions are mentioned below.
·
NIT Trichy has signed MoUs with several private players, such as BHEL, Bharti Foundation and IBM, to promote R&D. MoUs have also been signed with the National Institute for
Material Science, Tsukuba, Japan; and the Government College of Engineering in Salem, India; for collaboration on research and commercialisation activities, etc.
·
IBM has set up an Advanced Computer Education (IBM ACE) Centre at NIT Calicut to impart training on latest technologies.
·
The Industry Institute Partnership Cell at NIT Rourkela is a platform for industry-academia interaction.
·
NIT Surathkal has set up an Open Power System Laboratory in collaboration with IBM and a MICO-BOSCH Power Tool Centre within its campus. The institute also has MoUs with
many foreign universities, such as Kagoshima University in Japan, KAIST in South Korea and Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands.
Funding Mechanism
·
All the NITs receive central government funding, which is supplemented by revenues from consultancy assignments and sponsored research programmes.
26
Source : India Today
All the NITs undertake research in various disciplines of engineering sciences under the various departments. The most common departments in all the NITs are the following:
·
Computer science and engineering
·
Electronics and communication engineering
·
Electrical and electronics engineering
·
Mechanical engineering
·
Metallurgical and materials engineering
·
Chemical engineering
·
Civil engineering
·
Instrumentation engineering
·
Mathematics
·
Physics
·
Chemistry
4.3.5 Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani
BITS Pilani is one of the most
respected institutes of science and
technology education in India.
BITS Pilani is one of the best private engineering colleges in India27. It was founded by Late Mr. GD Birla, who was one of the early pioneering industrialists of India. Apart from imparting
engineering education through its various graduate, postgraduate and doctoral degrees, BITS has a sturdy interest in R&D. The Research and Consultancy Division of BITS is the nodal
agency for coordinating all research activities and industrial consultancy assignments at BITS.
Contact Details
Vidya Vihar Campus
Pilani
Rajasthan – 333031
India
The institute has various centres of R&D for focused approach to research initiatives. Few of these centres are as follows:
·
Technology Innovation Centre
·
Centre for Software Development
·
Centre for Research on Educational Innovation and Institutional Development
·
Centre for Robotics and Intelligent Systems
·
Embedded Controller Application Centre
·
Centre for Renewable Energy and Environment Development
·
Centre for Biotechnology
·
Centre for Material Science & Technology
Website
BITS Pilani
Switchboard
+91 1569 245073/4
Under an innovative scheme, the Technology Innovation Centre offers scientists from various industries undertake research activities on the campus.
A few examples of the institute’s collaborative efforts are chronicled below.
·
The institute, in collaboration with HP Labs, awards fellowships for research.
·
BITS has established ‘Practice Schools’ in various companies, where students can apply their theoretical knowledge on real world industrial problems. The college has agreements
with many companies, such as Motorola, Yahoo, Google, NetApp, Honeywell and Trilogy.
·
BITS is also a member of The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), New York. ACM sponsors numerous computer science-related activities at BITS Pilani.
·
The iCampus India Initiative is a result of the collaboration between BITS Pilani, India and the MIT-Cambridge, USA. Under the scheme, BITS will also collaborate with researchers
from MIT.
·
BITS has a collaborative agreement for research on biological sciences with Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences (USUHS), George Mason University in USA and several
other institutions in India and abroad.
Funding Mechanism
·
The KK Birla Group provides a major financial support to BITS.
·
It also receives funding from UGC for research projects and industry units through consultancy assignments.
27
Source : India Today
4.3.6 Indian Institute of Management (IIM)
Indian Institutes of Management are
the top business schools in India,
created by the Indian government to
identify the best talent in the
country and train them in the
management discipline.
Contact Details
IIM Ahmedabad
Research & Publications
Ahmedabad 380 015
India
Tel:+ 91 79 2632 4821
IIM Calcutta
Research & Publications
Diamond Harbour Road Joka,
Kolkata (Calcutta) 700104
West Bengal, India
Tel: +91 33 2466 3433
Email: fpchair@iimcal.ac.in
IIM Lucknow
Consultancy and Research
Lucknow
Uttar Pradesh, India
Tel: +91 522 273 6601/02
IIMs are India's premier business schools, which also conduct research activities and provide consultancy services in the field of management to various sectors of the Indian economy.
Currently, there are seven IIMs operational in IndiaAhmedabad, Bangalore, Calcutta, Lucknow, Kozhikode, Indore and Shillong. The key activities of these institutes are as follows:
·
Post-graduate and fellowship programmes IIMs offers post-graduate courses in management (equivalent to an MBA), fellowship programmes in management (equivalent to PhD), and
executive MBA and customized industry-based programmes.
·
Research activities The institutes also carry out research and consultancy for several industries, including the needs of non-corporate and under-managed sectors, such as agriculture,
rural development, public systems management, energy, health education and habitat.
·
Other programmes They also offer management training programmes and part-time MBA programmes for various organisations and individuals.
The government has announced plans to establish six additional IIMs by the end of 2012, which will be in the states of Jammu and Kashmir, Tamil Nadu, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh,
Uttarakhand and Haryana.
Research Activities
·
IIM-A: It has set up numerous sector-oriented groups termed 'Centres' that consists of faculty from different areas, who come together to pursue research and consultancy activities.
These centres help extend the use of management science to other sectors of the economy. The current centres dealing with specialised research and consultancy are Centre for eGovernance, Centre for Innovation, Incubation and Entrepreneurship, Centre for Telecom Policy Studies, National Information Centre on Management (NICMAN), etc.
·
IIM-C: At the initial stage, both faculty and students published initial drafts of their findings and circulated them for comments and feedbacks through a working paper series. These
papers are published by the institutes periodically.
·
IIM-L: The institute works on internally-and externally-funded research and consultancy projects, and aims to ensure knowledge creation, dissemination and application.
·
Further, other institutes such as Indore, Bangalore and Kozhikode also carry out research activities in specific fields, either in collaboration with organisations or under self-sponsored
programmes.
Funding Mechanism
·
The R&D activities in the IIMs are primarily sponsored by the government departments/ministries and industry organisations.
·
Several projects at IIM-A are commissioned and funded by organisations such as the Ford Foundation, UNO, World Bank, NCERT, Planning Commission, Central and State ministries
and industrial agencies.
·
The major areas of research are business policy, communications, economics, finance and accounting, marketing and organisational behaviour. However, the research activity is not
focussed on S&T.
INDIA R&D ECOSYSTEM
Government Departments
Department of Space
Other Ancillary Research Departments
4.4 GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS/AGENCIES
A plethora of government departments/agencies are involved in funding, promoting and conducting R&D
activities in various disciplines. Agencies such as University Grants Commission (UGC), Council for
Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Department of
Biotechnology (DBT), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Department of Scientific and Industrial
Research (DSIR) and the All India Council of Technical Education (AICTE) are actively involved in
channelizing funds for research initiatives in the country.
·
National Research Development Corporation (NRDC), Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and
its marketing arm, Antrix Corporation, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Centre for
Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) and Defence Research and Development Organisation
(DRDO) are examples of government agencies playing a key role in national R&D efforts.
·
Initiatives, such as the Biotechnology Industry Research & Development Assistance Council (BIRAC)
and the Federation of Asian Biotech Associations (FABA), initiated by the Department of
Biotechnology, focus on specific technology aspect. These are initiatives funded through private sector
partnership and seek to directly fund high-risk research.
The government of India also has bilateral and multilateral agreements and MOUs with several countries
to facilitate collaborative research between research institutions in India and abroad.
resources data management and generation of data bases, and initiatives targeting empowerment of
women through applications of science and technology.
The department has witnessed a substantial increase in the funding received from the government. The
department acts as a growth engine for innovation in India with total number of projects sanctioned during
200708 reaching 495 and INR 1318.8 million being sanctioned for various R&D projects. The department
has taken measures to proactively develop technologies in the areas of bio fuels, bio-molecular devices,
water purification and waste disposal. The department has taken some important measures in 200708 to
foster R&D in India:
·
Measures for the establishment of new autonomous institutions in vital areas like Himalayan
Glaciology, nano science and technology etc
·
Promoting international co-operation with strategic partner countries based on principles of reciprocity
and synergy
·
Accelerating the pace of technology development in pharmaceutical sector under PPP model
·
New Schemes for retention and attraction of best talents in science and research careers
The organisational structure for DST is depicted in Figure 9.z
4.4.1 Department of Science and Technology (DST)28
Established in 1971, DST is the central body for conducting Science and Technology (S&T)-related activities
in India. It embodies a foundation upon which the entire research and development (R&D) base of the
country rests. The organisation is involved in a number of activities, such as formulating policies related to
S&T, acting as a co-ordinator for research projects involving multiple departments, supporting and funding
scientific research institutions, commercialising technologies (with a priority for indigenously developed
technologies) and managing economic activities for S&T at state and district levels. The department also
supports various autonomous institutions engaged in basic research, technology forecasting, laboratory
accreditation and science popularisation. It is a major agency in the country for promotion of basic sciences
with about 50% of extramural funding of research projects coming from DST.
DST plays a significant role in the technology development programmes relating to key sectors, as well as
in the development of international cooperation in S&T. The cardinal focus areas for the department
includes popularisation of science, relating science to society, promotion of entrepreneurship, national
28
Source : Department of Science and Technology
Major programmes, under DST, to foster research in science and technology and commercialisation of
innovations are listed below.
Figure 9 : DST Organisational Structure
Ministry of Science and Technology
Scientific and Engineering Research
The programme primarily focuses on the promotion of research activities in emerging areas of engineering
and technology through various sub programmes, grants and scholarships. It promotes research in the
areas of frontier technologies, such as neurobiology, solid state chemistry, nano-materials, surface science
and plasma physics, through various specialised programmes and bodies, such as Nano Mission and
Science and Engineering Research Council (SERC). Further, DST also runs several scholarships and
fellowship programmes for the promotion of research in the area of science and technology, which are
targeted to reward research scholars in India and attract scientists from across the globe. It has also
established the National Science & Technology Management Information System (NSTMIS), which works
towards the collection of information, building of appropriate databases and effective dissemination of
information related to S&T research activities in India.
Technology Development
DST also concentrates on various technology-development programmes, such as instrumentation
development to promote indigenous design and manufacture of different instruments used across various
industry verticals and water technology to develop adequate infrastructure to provide safe drinking-water
facilities across India. Further, the Technology Development Board (TDB) is committed towards promoting
commercialisation of indigenous research projects by providing financial aid in the form of loans, grants
and equity subscription to budding technology ventures. The Patent Facilitation Centre (PFC) provides
patent-related services to scientists in India, as well as abroad and keeps a tab on the major IPR
developments in the country.
Chief Vigilance
Officer
Secretary, DST
Administration
Scientific
Services
Autonomous
Institutes
Scientific Groups
TDB
International Division
Survey of
India
SERC
NATMO
NCSTC
NEB
NRDMS
NSTMIS
Science and
Society
Integrated
Finance
Technology Development
and Transfer
Source: DST
International S&T Cooperation
DST aims to promote joint research with R&D organisations across the globe through this programme. The
co-operation (bilateral, multilateral or through regional framework modes) programmes act as the platform
for interaction and networking between academic institutions and R&D bodies of various countries. The
various cooperation programmes are as follows:
·
Co-operation with countries including the US, the UK, Canada, China, France, Germany, Italy, etc.
·
Activities under Indo US S&T forum has taken new heights with eight new bilateral programs being
partnered with various agencies in 200708.
·
Co-operation with regional organisations such as ASEAN, Indo STEPAN (Science & Technology Policy
Asian Network), SAARC (India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Srilanka, Maldives, Bhutan) and NAM.
·
Multilateral programmes such as UNESCO, UNDP, BIMST-EC (Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Srilanka
and Thailand), IOR-EC (Indian Ocean Rim).
·
S&T and Socio Economic Development
DST also runs various programmes to employ science and technology for socio-economic benefits of the
society. It has designed programmes, such as National Council for Science & Technology Communication
(NCSTC) and Science and Society Program (SSP), to popularise S&T at the grassroot level. The NCSTC
council aims at creating awareness among masses regarding the S&T development in India through
various mediums, such as short films, radio programmes and plays. SSP encourages scientists and
research volunteers to take up projects to uplift socio-economical conditions of the underprivileged class in
the country.
Faculty Development Program (FDP) and Entrepreneurship Awareness Camps (EAC)have witnessed a huge
success with 50 FDPs and 35 EACs organised across India in 200708
The National Science & Technology Entrepreneurship Development Board (NSTEDB) works towards the
promotion of technology-based enterprises. It conducts camps and programmes to foster entrepreneurship
and create 'job generators', with a focus on S&T. In the Union budget 2007, the government has exempted
incubators recognised by NSTEDB and DST from service tax. Further, DST, along with state governments,
has set up state S&T councils for conducting research in various industry domains.
The department also provides support to NGOs working towards the upliftment of rural population through
innovation in science and technology.
Women Scientists Programmes
DST has also launched several scholarship and internship programmes to encourage women scientists to
take up research in areas of S&T. The programme aims to motivate women to work and bring their talent to
the main stream.
The various autonomous institutions under DST, which are involved in the R&D and industrial activities, are
provided in Appendix
4.4.2 Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES)29
The erstwhile Ministry of Ocean Development was rechristened as the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES)
in 2006. It deals with S&T for exploration and exploitation of ocean resources, and plays a nodal role in
Antarctic/Arctic and Southern Ocean research.
·
R&D Activities and Scientific Services
·
Ocean Science and Technology
The National Centre for Antarctic & Ocean Research (NCAOR) is the nodal agency for conducting research
in the area of polar science and one of the major centres for oceanographic studies. Research in physical
oceanography has witnessed significant success over the past years, in areas such as in-situ chlorophyll
estimation and determination of algae, environment and ecology, polar remote sensing and temperature,
and salinity and oxygen profiling of select regions in Antarctic waters.
forecasting, predictability of summer monsoon, impact of climate change on rainfall, paleo-climatology,
applications of physical meteorology, and acid rain and atmospheric pollution modelling.
International Collaboration
·
Under the INDO-USAID programme on the climate forecasting system, support was provided to
projects that aimed at improving the hydro-meteorological forecasting and early-warning systems in
India.
·
India collaborates with countries, including China, Russia and Australia, for research on a variety of
subjects related to oceanography, seismology and weather-prediction systems.
·
India is a participating member of various international organisations, such as the Intergovernmental
Oceanographic Commission (IOC), Partnership for Observation of Global Ocean (POGO) and Regional
Alliance in Indian Ocean Indian Ocean Global Ocean Observing System (IOGOOS).
Various areas of research under marine research are assessment of marine living resources (MLRP), deep
sea and distant water fishery, environment and productivity patterns in the Indian exclusive economic zone
(EEZ), monitoring and surveillance of harmful algal blooms and marine biodiversity. Centre for Marine Living
Resources & Ecology (CMLRE) has also set up a Fisheries and Oceanographic Research Vessel (FORV) Data
Centre and Referral Centre in Kochi to promote the study of research on marine living resources and
environmental ecology.
Research and development activities at the National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT) are focused on
areas such as desalination, deep sea technology and ocean mining, coastal and environmental engineering
and marine instrumentation. NIOT is also responsible for the practical application of various ocean
technologies, such as Under the Ocean Science and Technology for Island (OSTI) and Indian ARGO Project,
National Data Buoy Programme (NDBP).
INCOIS is an advisory body under the MoES that provides ocean information and advisory services to
industry, academia and government agencies. Ocean and Atmospheric Science and Technology Cells
(OASTCs) have been set up by MoES to promote oceanography research at various academic institutions
through sponsorship.Atmospheric Sciences
Research on the atmospheric sciences is carried out at various institutes, such as India Meteorological
Department (IMD), National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF) and Indian
Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Pune. The major research areas are radiosonde sensors, satellite
data assimilation, numerical weather prediction and technologies to optimise techniques for weather
29
Source: Ministry of Earth Sciences
4.4.2.1 National Science and Technology Entrepreneurship Development Board (NSTEDB) 30
National Science & Technology
Entrepreneurship Development
Board (NSTEDB) was established in
1982 with an objective to promote
technology-based enterprises. The
board acts as a policy-advisory body
to the government and helps in the
development of various programmes
to encourage entrepreneurship.
Contact Details
Harkesh Kumar Mittal
Member Secretary,
National S&T Entrepreneurship
Development Board (NSTEDB)
Department of Science &
Technology,
Technology Bhawan
New Mehrauli Road
New Delhi 110016
Website
http://www.nstedb.com/index.htm
Email
hkmittal@vsnl.com
Phone
+91 11 2651 7186
+91 11 2685 4416
+91 11 2653 7982
+91 11 2696 4781
NSTEBD works under the guidance of the Department of Science and Technology (DST) and has a representation from socio-economic and scientific departments and ministries,
entrepreneurship-development institutions and financial institutions. The key objectives of the board are as follows:
·
To promote technology-driven entrepreneurial ventures
·
To encourage scientists/researchers to take up commercialisation of S&T-based projects
·
To develop channels for proper propagation of information related to entrepreneurship
·
To build a network between central-and state-level agencies
·
To support government agencies involved in the formation of policies to encourage S&T-based entrepreneurship
Promotion of entrepreneurship through institutional mechanism
·
Entrepreneurship Development Cell (EDC): The scheme aims to promote entrepreneurial culture in technology-centric academic institutions across India. It also works towards
networking academic
·
Institutions, R&D labs and industries in the region. Following are the main objectives of this programme:
·
To be an institutional mechanism for guiding upcoming S&T entrepreneurs
·
To stimulate enterprise culture and generation of employment opportunities
·
To counter challenges related to technology needs of small and medium enterprises at both national and international level
EDC is also active in conducting various camps and development programmes to foster entrepreneurship. Its major functions are as follows:
·
To organise entrepreneurship awareness camps; entrepreneurship development and faculty development programmes
·
To introduce various academic courses related to entrepreneurship development
·
To provide guidance to entrepreneurs for getting support from various agencies providing aid for ventures
·
To coordinate industry visits for budding entrepreneurs
·
To provide assistance to ailing enterprises and help rehabilitate them
Science & Technology Entrepreneurship Development (STED) Project The project aims at socio-economic development of a region through the involvement of science and
technology-based processes. The programme identifies opportunities unique to a district, related manpower; material resources and technical know how to launch a viable venture.
Currently STED is implemented in 39 districts across India. The key highlights of the project are as under:
·
Identification of resource-based projects in both rural and urban areas
·
To upgrade working processes used by existing entrepreneurs through the use of S&T
·
To conduct awareness programmes in order to hone the skills and nurture entrepreneurial culture in the region
·
Plans to set up at least 50 technology-driven micro enterprises out of a total of 200 micro enterprises planned for each district
30
Source: NSTEDB
4.4.2.1 National Science and Technology Entrepreneurship Development Board (NSTEDB) 30
Science & Technology Entrepreneurs Park (STEP) Programme The STEP programme focuses on building linkages between academia and the industry to facilitate knowledge
sharing for students, professors and industrial managers. It also provides hardware support, such as testing and calibration facilities, precision tool room/central workshop, prototype
development, business facilitation, computing, data bank, library and documentation, communication, seminar hall/conference room, common facilities such as phone, telex, fax and
photocopying to help support potentially viable ventures.
Technology Business Incubator (TBI) TBIs are helpful in increasing the survival rate of enterprises at nascent stage. They provide services such as market survey/marketing
assistance, business planning, technical assistance, obtaining legal approvals, information dissemination, financial assistance, arranging IPR-related services, facilities of the host
institute at nominal charges and work space for a limited period of time.
Training Programmes
The board runs various camps, training programmes and workshops to promote entrepreneurial awareness. Following are a few of them:
·
Entrepreneurship Awareness Camp (EAC)
·
Entrepreneurship Development Programme (EDP)
·
Faculty Development Programme (FDP)
·
Open Learning Programme in Entrepreneurship (OLPE)
·
Skill Development through Science & Technology (STST)
·
Technology based Entrepreneurship Development Programme (TEDP)
Channels for information dissemination
·
Science Tech Entrepreneur Magazine(being re-launched as e-zine)
·
TIMEIS Web Portal
4.4.2.2 Technology Development Board (TDB)31
The Technology Development Board
(TDB) aims to promote
commercialisation of indigenous, as
well as imported technologies by
providing grants and equity soft
loans to upcoming entrepreneurs.
Established by the Government of India in 1996, TBD provides financial support to entrepreneurs for taking up technology-oriented products. The board aims to nurture the new generation
knowledge-based enterprises and plays a pro-active role in facilitating innovation through the promotion of joint research activities between industry and the academia. It also envisages
providing a platform to budding researchers for venturing into next-generation technologies.
Contact Details
Technology Development Board
Department of Science and
Technology
A-Wing, Ground Floor, Vishwakarma
Bhavan, Shaheed Jit Singh Marg,
New Delhi 110 016
Typical projects funded by TDB
The board funds projects such as:
·
Development and commercialisation of new products and processes
·
Quality upgrade, reduced material/energy consumption, cost reduction, improved competitiveness and improved ergonomics
·
Technology deployment to satisfy health and safety standards, domestic or foreign environmental requirements and domestic legislation requirements
·
Modification in product/processes to suit wider domestic applications
·
Verification of the socio-commercial viability of new and/or renewable sources of energy and bio-medical equipment and devices
·
Technology development to meet the medical standards
·
Hazardous, waste recycling management
Website
http://www.tdb.gov.in/default.html
Email
info@tdbindia.com
Phone
+91 11 2653 7349
+91 11 2654 0111
Fax
+91 11 2653 1862
+91 11 2654 0137
31
Source: TDB
Mode of Finance: The aid is given in the form of term loans (up to 50 percent of the approved project cost at 5 percent rate of interest per annum), equity capital (stake up to 25 percent of
the total investment in the company) and grants (in rare cases).
4.4.2.3 Science and Engineering Research Council (SERC)
Established in 1974, SERC is the
apex body of Department of Science
and Technology. The council
promotes various scientific
programmes and consists of
distinguished scientists, researchers
and technologists from academia
and industry.
Contact Details
Technology,
Technology Bhawan,
New Mehrauli Road,
New Delhi 110 016
SERC's aim is to encourage research in emerging technology areas from multidisciplinary fields. To spur the growth of R&D activities across the country, it gives special support to projects
from relatively less-privileged universities and institutes. It provides various facilities, such as fellowships and funding, motivating young researchers to take up challenging assignments.
It also provides support to the scientists by extending high-quality research facilities and patenting services. Its main areas of research are as follows:
·
Physical Science
·
Chemical Science
·
Life Science
·
Earth and Atmospheric Science
·
Engineering Science
·
Mathematical Science
For a comprehensive list of approved projects in various domains, please visit http://www.serc-dst.org/new/approvedprojects.htm
Website
http://www.sercdst.org/new/index.asp
Bilateral Collaborations and Interactions with other national/international institutions
SERC has bilateral ties with various agencies across the globe. The prominent ones include the following:
·
Indo-French Laboratory for Solid State Chemistry
·
Indo-French Institute of Mathematics
·
Indo-French Networking Research Programme
·
Indo-Russian Centre for Ayurvedic Research
·
Indo-Russian Centre for Gas Hydrates
·
Indo-Russian Centre for Earthquake Research
·
India-UK Science Networking Programme
Email
venktesh@nic.in z
Various Indian scientists travel abroad every year under the Networking Research Programmes of SERC. Regular joint workshops are conducted for promoting scientific programmes for
mutual benefit.
SERC funding mechanism
·
Financial Support: The council provides fellowships to research associates/technologists. A list of available fellowships is available at http://www.serc-dst.org/new/index.asp
·
Infrastructural Support: SERC helps institutes of higher learning by providing them funds to improve their research facilities. The funds may be used to develop modern research
laboratories, expand libraries and purchase state-of-the-art equipment to support advanced research.
·
Funds for Trainings and Workshops: The council provides funding for organising various training programmes and workshops for selected students in order to promote technical
research in various relevant domains.
4.4.2.4 Technology Information, Forecasting and Assessment Council (TIFAC)
TIFAC was established in 1988 as a
technology platform and an
institution of knowledge networking
in India.
TIFAC, an autonomous body under the Department of Science and Technology, has the mandate to keep a watch on global technology trends and formulate suitable technology options for
India. The key activities of TIFAC are as follows:
·
Technology Assessment, Forecasting Studies and Market Surveys: TIFAC undertakes studies on various technology areas of the country with varied goals.
·
Technopreneur Promotion Programme (TePP): The TePP programme, initiated in collaboration with DSIR, supports individual innovators in their technology-based endeavours.
Contact Details
A-Wing, Vishwakarma Bhawan,
Shaheed Jeet Singh Marg
New Delhi 110016
India
Website
TIFAC
Email
tifacinfo@tifac.org.in
Switchboard
+91 11 2659 2600
+91 11 2686 7764
·
Home Grown Technology (HGT): TIFAC has a new programme to support SME-led technology innovation. It aims to fund the development of nascent technologies and study their
commercial viability through the establishment of pilot plants.
Technology Programmes:
TIFAC manages many schemes focusing on specific technology areas. A few key ones are as follows:
·
Sugar Technology Mission (STM): This programme seeks to develop technology upgrades for the Indian sugar industry.
·
Advanced Composites Programme (ACP): Launched in partnership with the industry, this programme supports numerous projects that will lead to technological development in a wide
area of composite applications.
·
Fly Ash Utilisation Programme (FAUP): This programme supports technologies for the efficient disposal and utilisation of fly ash.
·
Umbrella Scheme on Technology Vision 2020 Projects in Mission Mode (TV2020): Under this scheme, support has been provided to a few select sectorsagriculture and agro-food
processing; road construction and transport equipment; modernisation of textile industry; healthcare services and natural/herbal products; promotion of science, engineering,
technical and professional institutions.
·
National Mission on Bamboo Applications (NMBA): NMBA seeks to promote value addition and commercialisation of bamboo products with focus on creating employment and
entrepreneurship opportunities.
·
Patent Facilitating Centre (PFC): The centre was set up under TIFAC to facilitate patent filing by Indian scientists, disseminate patent-related information and promote IPR awareness.
In addition to the aforementioned programmes, TIFAC also publishes technology-linked business-opportunity reports, helps organisations market their technologies/products and, in
general, provides a platform for technology sharing and commercialisation.
TIFAC has an extensive network within government units, non-government agencies and even outside the country. Its network extends to, but is not limited to, the following major players:
·
Industry associations such as CII, FICCI, ASSOCHAM
·
Government departments dealing with S&T (through Science & Technology Advisory CommitteesSTAC) and socioeconomic ministries aspects (through the Inter-Sectoral S&T Advisory
CommitteeIS-STAC)
·
Corporate players and entrepreneurs
·
Academic institutes and R&D agencies
·
Financial institutions such as ICICI, RCTC and TDB
4.4.2.4 Technology Information, Forecasting and Assessment Council (TIFAC)
·
Pool of technology experts
·
International agencies such as ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asia Nations), UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Development Organisation), WAITRO (World Association of
Industrial and Technological Research Organisations), IATAFI (International Association for Technology Assessment and Forecasting Institutions), NTIS (National Technical Information
Service) and IIASA (International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis).
TIFAC also initiated 'Special Linkages-Cum-Implementation Mechanism' (SLIM) with some agencies to carry out specific recommendations for action plans. SLIM has been established at
the National Aerospace Laboratories in Bangalore, the Central Scientific Instruments Organisation in Chandigarh and Rajasthan State Industrial Development and Institutional Corporation
Ltd.
4.4.2.5 Patent Facilitation Centre (PFC) 32
The Patent Facilitating Centre (PFC)
was set up by DST under TIFAC to
provide information, direction and
facilities for protection of
intellectual property rights of
innovators in India.
Contact Details
Patent Facilitating Centre
Technology Information, Forecasting
& Assessment Council,
'A' Wing, Vishwakarma Bhavan,
Shaheed Jeet Singh Marg
New Delhi 110016
Website
http://www.pfc.org.in/index.htm
Email
tifac@nda.vsnl.net.in
Phone
+91 11 2685 9581
+91 11 5569 2986
Fax
+91 11 2686 3866
32
Source: PFC
PFC provides a single-window facility for servicing the patent-related needs of scientists and research institutes across India. The primary objectives of this initiative are the following:
·
Providing support to scientists and technologists in filling patents (and associated procedures) in India and abroad
·
Proper dissemination of information on patent-related issues
·
Keeping track of developments in the IPR protection globally and assisting policy makers, researchers and the industry
·
Conducting workshops and seminars to create awareness about challenges and opportunities in the IP domain
Facilities at PFC
·
Patent search facilities for Indian, US and European patents (CD-Rom, online and paper)
·
Database on Indian patent applications filed and applications accepted, which are open for opposition
·
Mechanism for obtaining full-text patent documents and patent searching elsewhere
·
Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) Bulletin
PFC also has a panel of patent attorneys from various parts of the country for assisting it in patent-related activities.
Services offered by PFC
PFC provides technical, legal and financial assistance for filing of patents and post-patent activities for research funded by DST, any Indian university/educational institution or any other
central/state government department/agency. It provides free patent-search facilities to scientists, universities/educational institutions, government departments, whereas industry,
attorneys and public sector units need to pay a charge for availing this service.
4.4.2.6 Nano Mission
With a view to encourage research
activities in the emerging field of
nanotechnology, DST launched
Nano Mission in 2007. The current
mission is a succession of an earlier
programme, Nano Science and
Technology Initiative (NSTI), started
in 2001.
Contact Details
Dr. V. Rao Aiyagari,
Mission Director (Nano Mission),
Technology,
Technology Bhavan,
New Mehrauli Road,
New Delhi 110016
Website
http://nanomission.gov.in/
Email
venktesh@nic.in
Phone
+91 11 2696 3695
Nano Mission has been developed to cater to the growing research need in the area of nanotechnology. Through this programme, the government has been able to promote the following
activities :
·
Promoting research activities: The programme provides funding to scientists to pursue research in their respective areas of interest (related to nanotechnology) and also gives financial
aids to industry-institution-based programmes.
·
Development of infrastructure: As research in nanotechnology requires high-tech equipment, DST has proposed setting up of modern research facilities across the country to enable
researchers conduct full-scale, internationally-competitive research activities.
·
Application of nanotechnology and related programmes: This programme focuses on the development of application-based technologies, i.e., innovation of products/devices that have
some real-life applications. The programme is also promoting projects in collaboration with the industry to foster this kind of research.
·
International partnerships: The programme organises seminars/workshops and visits for scientists to international conferences. At the same time, it aims to set up joint facilities at an
international level to provide access to world-class infrastructure to Indian researchers.
·
Training programmes for researchers: Nano Mission intends to focus on specialised training in fields related to nanotechnology and engineering sciences. For this purpose, the body
aims to launch programmes such as Master of Science (M.Sc.), Doctoral and fellowships in various institutes of higher learning across India.
·
Financial Support
Nano Mission provides funding for various projects throughout the year. Financial support is given to individual scientists/group for research projects, establishing centres of excellence;
institution-industry linked projects and setting up of M.Sc./M.Tech., programmes in nanoscience and technology in government institutions. The duration of projects varies from 3 years to
5 years. The funding also varies according to the need.
Details on R&D partnership with the private sector Following is a list of institute-industry collaborations:
·
Nano Functional Materials Centre IIT Madras and Murugappa Chettiar & Orchid Pharma
·
Nano Technology Centre University of Hyderabad and Dr. Reddy's Labs
·
Centre for Interactive & Smart Textiles IIT Delhi and ARCI Hyderabad & Textile Industry
·
Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology NIPER, Chandigarh catering to the pharmaceutical industry
·
Rubber Nanocomposites MG University, Kottayam, and Apollo Tyres
·
Nanophosphor Application Centre University of Allahabad and Nanotech Corporation, USAz
4.4.2.7 Fund for improvement of S&T infrastructure (FIST)
FIST, an initiative of DST, is a fund
committed towards improving the
research infrastructure in S&T
institutions across the country.
The main objectives of FIST are as follows:
·
Providing basic infrastructure to facilitate R&D activities
·
Promoting R&D in frontier areas of technology
·
Attracting and cultivating fresh talent for research
Contact Details
Dr T Ramasami
Secretary
Technology
Technology Bhawan, New Mehrauli
Road
New Delhi 110 016
Eligibility for support All science, engineering, medical and agriculture departments in universities and other higher educational institutions having PG programmes (3 years in
existence).
Levels of Support
·
Level 1 This type of support is provided to departments (under the eligible institutions) that are relatively smaller, as compared to well-established centres of research. It includes a
moderate amount of funding to improve the quality of teaching and research in the institutes. The funding limit is INR 50 million for a period of 5 years.
·
Level 2 Under this scheme, reputed departments with recognised research capabilities are funded for development of state-of-the-art infrastructure and maintaining good laboratory
practices for quality research. The funding limit under this programme is INR 100 million for a period of 5 years.
·
Website
http://www.fist-dst.org/index.asp
Email
dstsec@nic.in
Phone
+91 11 2656 7373
+91 11 2696 2819
Fax
+91 11 2686 4570/2418
Recent initiatives DST has launched a special package for the development of research infrastructure in the north-eastern region (NER) of India. The package includes a grant of INR 700
million for a period of 5 years. The programme has the following components:
·
Strengthening of S&T infrastructure for teaching and research
o Under this, DST plans to identify 50 colleges that have research potential and provide them with a grant of INR 5 million each for a period of 5 years.
o Aid up to INR 150 million per university to upgrade its teaching facilities
o One-time support of INR 5 million (per university) to establish a system for uninterrupted power supply in universities
o A total grant of INR 100 million for two institutions in a region to acquire hi-tech infrastructure such as SEM, NMR, Single Crystal Facility
·
Enhance knowledge sharing through visiting faculty and exchange programs
This includes visiting faculties from institutes across India to come to NER for short-term assignments,
fellowships for researchers from NER to go and work in R&D labs outside the region and programmes to encourage faculty assistantships.
·
Summer School/Winter School for UG & PG Students Grant for opening of summer/winter schools relevant to the region
Other initiatives include similar packages for Jammu & Kashmir and programmes for undergraduate support.
4.4.2.8 Science & Society Division (SSD)
SSD has been set up to support
S&T-based NGOs/S&T
institutions/colleges/universities to
aid various projects at the grassroot level throughout the country.
SSD, established under DST, aims to provide opportunities to motivated researchers and field workers to take up technology-oriented projects (especially in rural areas) for the benefit of
the underprivileged. The programme aims to utilise the expertise of scientists working in various R&D labs for the development of appropriate technologies at the grass-root level. The
primary objectives of this programme are as follows:
·
To motivate NGOs and S&T organisations/institutions to take up grant-in-aid projects for solving location/occupation-based problems at the grass root level
·
To stimulate adoption of appropriate technologies for improving the quality of life of people living in relatively less developed areas
Contact Details
Dr. R. Saha
Adviser & Head
Science & Society Division
Technology
Ministry of Science & Technology
Technology Bhavan, New Mehrauli
Road,
New Delhi 110 016
Website
http://www.scienceandsocietydst.org/Aboutus.htm
Email
raghav@nic.in
Phone
+91 11 2685 9581
Fax
+91 11 2696 4793
·
To help upgrade the skills of traditional artisans and facilitate their transition to S&T-based manufacturing centres
·
To follow a bottom-up approach for achieving sustainable development across all the sections of the society
Core programmes
·
S&T Application for Rural Development (STARD)
·
S&T Application for Weaker Sections (STAWS)
·
S&T For Women
·
Special Component Plan (SCP)
·
Tribal Sub-Plan(TSP)
·
Scheme for Young Scientists (SYS-SS)
Major achievements and highlights of the programme
·
Replication of technology models (10 in number) by line-function departments such as the Council for Advancement of People's Action and Rural Technology (CAPART), Women and
Child Development and Asian Pacific Centre for Technology Transfer (APCTT)
·
Successful implementation of the food-security programme for Jarwas/Onges in Andaman & Nicobar Islands
·
Waste management programme for value addition and income generation for underprivileged classes
·
Replication of 10 rural technologies
·
Creation of three women technology parks and four rural technology parks
·
Development of solar photovoltaic-based electronic milk tester
·
Development of modified filature for silk spinning
4.4.3 Department of Scientific & Industrial Research (DSIR)34
DSIR, under the Ministry of Science and Technology, carries out activities for the promotion, development,
utilisation and transfer of indigenous technology. It promotes R&D in industry, supports scientific
laboratories and SMEs developing technologies with commercial potential and facilitates the transfer of
technology between various stakeholders by providing a formal platform. The organisational structure of
DSIR is presented in Figure 10.
Figure 10: Organisational Structure of DSIR
Department of Scientific and Industrial
Research (DSIR)
Autonomous
Institutions
TDPU Programme
Public Sector
Enteprises
Administration and
Finance
TDIP
IRDPP
ITTP
34
Consultancy
Development
Centre (CDC)
Central
Electronics
Limited (CEL)
Council of
Scientific and
Industrial
Research
(CSIR)
National
Research
Development
Corporation
(NRDC)
TePP
TDDP
TMP
CPP
TIFP
TDUPW
IT-eG
Source: Department of Scientific and Industrial Research
Source : DSIR Website
The key initiatives undertaken by DSIR for R&D promotion and commercialisation are as follows:
Technology Promotion, Development and Utilisation (TDPU) programme
The various initiatives under the TDPU are aimed at the promotion of R&D in the industry; development and
commercialisation of technologies; acquisition, management and export of technology; fostering greater
domestic and international collaboration; information dissemination and e-governance initiatives, etc.
Following is a brief review of these programmes:
·
Industrial R&D Promotion Programme (IRDPP) Under this programme, DSIR grants recognition to
the in-house R&D units of the industry as Scientific and Industrial Research Organisations (SIROs) and
registration to public-funded research institutions such as the IITs, IISc and NITs. Such institutions are
eligible for various fiscal benefits as a direct reward for engaging in R&D.
·
Technology Development and Innovation Programmes (TDIP) TDIP constitutes various
programmes, such as Technology Development and Demonstration Programme (TDDP), Technopreneur
Promotion Programme (TePP) and Fund for Accelerating Start-ups in Technology (FAST), explained in
detail below.
·
Technology Management Programme (TMP) TMP seeks to provide technical inputs and
support mechanisms for efficient technology transfer and management.
·
International Technology Transfer Programme (ITTP) ITTP seeks to facilitate international
technology transfer with India with a special focus on commercialisation of indigenouslydeveloped technologies, services and technology-intensive products.
·
Consultancy Promotion Programme (CPP) The programme seeks to develop consultancy
capabilities of the nation at both domestic, as well as international levels.
·
Technology Information and Facilitation Programme (TIFP) The broad goal of TIFP is to use
information and communication technologies to accelerate the pace of research in India.
·
Other Programs The Information Technology & e-Governance (IT-eG) unit seeks to enable an ITenabled work environment through various e-governance initiatives. Applications for managing
DSIR inventory, website development and maintenance, project monitoring, etc., have been
developed under this initiative. Further, the gender budgeting cell under the DSIR has established
Technology Development and Utilisation Programme for Women (TDUPW), following directions
from the finance ministry that mandated enhanced share for women in the various beneficiaryoriented schemes.
Technology transfer
Technology transfer is one of the key engagement areas of DSIR. The department has established networks
with international organisations such as UNCTAD, WIPO, UNIDO, UNESCAP and UNESCO in areas of
technology development and transfer. The department is keen to promote efficient technology
management for protection of intellectual rights and generation of revenues through these technologies.
TMP, ITTP and APCTT are the three institutions working towards technology transfer and management
under DSIR.
Other Initiatives
Further, DISR plays a key role in the functioning of the Asian and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology
(APCTT), which facilitates technology transfer in the Asia Pacific region. The Consultancy Development
Centre (CDC) seeks to develop the state of domestic consultancy by providing information services on
consultancy expertise in various industrial sectors, carrying out studies in consultancy and conducting
training programmes to impart consulting skills.
The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) under DSIR is a network of national laboratories
and academic institutes with the mandate to undertake R&D projects under different disciplines of S&T
with a focus on applied research and technology utilisation. The National Research Development
Corporation (NRDC) acts as a nodal platform for technology transfer and commercialisation in the country.
4.4.3.1 Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)
CSIR is a premium industrial R&D
body under the Department of
Scientific and Industrial Research
(DSIR). It aims to provide a strong
technology base for various sectors
through innovative research
activities.
Contact Details
CSIR
Anusandhan Bhawan,
2 Rafi Marg,
New Delhi 110001
India
Website
CSIR
Email (Director General)
sckalra@csir.res.in ;
dgcsir@csir.res.in ; dg@csir.res.in
Switchboard
+91 11 2371 0138/0144,
+91 11 2371 0158/0468
CSIR, founded in 1942, is an autonomous body registered under the Societies Act of 1860 and is considered as one of the world's largest publicly-funded R&D organisations. It has strong
academic and industrial linkages and good relations with other R&D institutes. CSIR has 38 laboratories (5 physical science, 7 chemical science, 11 biological science, 13 engineering
science and 2 information science) and 39 outreach centres (experimental survey field stations).
Some key headquarter divisions of CSIR in the areas of planning, technology transfer, business development and IP are detailed below.
R&D Planning Division
This division is the central part of CSIR and is involved in planning the various projects within the organisation. It decides upon the targets for CSIR, which are then distributed among
various research labs. The broad activities and functions include the following:
·
Interaction with the government and the Planning Commission
·
Preparation of Annual and Five Year plans
·
Appraising the R&D plans of laboratories
·
New idea funding
·
Reviewing and allocating funds to laboratories
·
Formulation, approval, coordination and monitoring of national laboratories, S&T plan projects/programmes
The Technology Networking and Business Development (TNBD) Division
This division of CSIR runs a programme called the New Millennium Indian Technology Leadership Initiative (NMITLI), which is the largest public-private-partnership programme in R&D
aimed at placing India in a leadership position by best utilising the capabilities of government-funded R&D organisations, academia and the private sector. More than 42 R&D projects
have been undertaken by this division at an estimated cost of INR 3 billion. The projects under the scheme go through two levels of monitoring and evaluations. The first level check is
internal, while the second level monitoring is done by an external monitoring committee, which reviews the project progress, assesses the developments impacting the project, suggests
any revision in the project and suggests on issues related to publications and property rights. TNBD is responsible for promoting the services and knowledgebase of CSIR and also
interfaces with national level industry associations, agencies and financial institutions.
Some of the major objectives of TNBD are as follows:
·
Forging knowledge alliances
·
Technology transfer and R&D-based services
·
Providing guidelines for technology transfer
International Science and Technology Affairs Division (ISTAD)
ISTAD works towards encouraging bilateral cooperation in the areas of R&D. It manages requests and enquiries from foreign institutes/organisation with CSIR. The areas open for
bilateral cooperation include aerospace, healthcare, pollution monitoring, electronics, materials, chemicals, food processing and energy. The division has had bilateral cooperation with
several countries, such as Australia, Belarus, China, France, Germany, Hungary, Myanmar, Nepal, Portugal, Russia, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, Thailand and Vietnam.
Intellectual Property Management Division
This division is responsible for advising in all matters pertaining to IP protection. It is the largest filer of patents in India, nationally and internationally, with 655 foreign and 169 Indian
patents filed in 200607. The division performs the following major activities:
·
IP protection
·
Securing IP rights for CSIR's innovations
·
Maintaining a Patent Information System
·
Safeguarding IP rights
·
Enhancing awareness on IP
Some of the important collaborations of CSIR have been listed below.
·
CSIR signed an MOU with Alcoa to address critical global issues such as energy efficiency, alternative and renewable energy sources, environmental technologies and multi-material
engineered solutions.
·
AMPRI Bhopal signed an MOU with General Motors India Science Lab., Bangalore, to conduct research in the area of materials science, and computer modelling and design.
·
An MoU was signed between AMPRI Bhopal and HEG Ltd, Mandideep, Madhya Pradesh, to work collectively on the development of newer carbonaceous materials, products and
processes.
·
CIMAP Lucknow and Shriram Institute for Industrial Research (SRI), New Delhi, signed an MoU to conduct collaborative research in biological and herbal products quality standards.
·
An MOU was signed in 2007 between Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad and CMERI Durgapur for exchange of experts and academia.
·
An MoU was signed between North Western University, Evanston, USA and CMERI, Durgapur, for the development of microsystems-manufacturing technologies.
·
CEERI Pilani signed an MoU with BITS, Pilani, for academic and research activities.
·
IIIT Pune signed an MoU with CEERI Pilani to collaborate on projects relating to information and communication technology.
·
CEERI Pilani collaborated with Aligarh Muslim University in the areas of nanotechnology, microsystems technology, VLSI design, electronic communication systems and networks.
·
CRRI, New Delhi signed an MoU with Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) on landslide disasters and culture of road safety in disaster-prone areas of India.
·
ITRC Lucknow signed an MoU with AMITY University (Amity School of Natural Resources and Sustainable Development) for sharing and pooling of resources towards research and
training, industrial development and for societal projects.
·
NISTADS New Delhi entered into an MoU with the Institute of Policy and Management (IPM) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) to jointly conduct research on science,
technology and development policy.
·
NISTADS New Delhi signed an MoU with Faculty of Art and Design (FADA), University of Johannesburg, South Africa with an objective “To conduct studies on selected
groups/communities with a view to understanding and delineating the traditional systems of knowledge bases and the possibilities to blend these knowledge systems with modern
scientific and technological systems”.
·
NCL Pune and Dupont, USA signed a research alliance agreement to focus on new market facing technologies.
·
NCL Pune and Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) collaborated to strengthen scientific and technical capabilities. The areas of cooperation include functional
organicmaterials, photonic polymers and hybrid materials.
·
NGRI, Hyderabad, and Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC) entered into an agreement with Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway,
to improve secondary recovery of oil from Indian oil fields operated by ONGC.
·
NPL, New Delhi and National Physical Laboratory Teddington, U.K. signed an MoU to collaborate in the field of Metrology.
Funding Mechanism
CSIR is funded by the Government of India.
4.4.3.2 National Research Development Corporation (NRDC)
NRDC, a public sector enterprise run
under the administration of the
Department of Scientific and
Industrial Research (DSIR), was
established in 1953 with the
objective to develop and promote
transfer of technologies emanating
from various national R&D
institutions.
Contact Details
20-22, Zamroodpur Community
Center,
Kailash Colony Extension,
New Delhi 110048
Website
NRDC India;
DSIR
Email
write2@nrdc.in; nrdc@vsnl.com
Switchboard
+91 11 2641 9904
+91 11 2641 7821
+91 11 2648 0767
+91 11 2643 2627
NRDC focuses on promoting the development of marketable technologies in close association with industry and national R&D institutions through flexible funding schemes. The key
activities, including promotion, development and commercialisation of technoloZgies, have been explained in detail below.
·
Commercial Activities: NRDC provides support to commercialise laboratory know-how and scale up laboratory processes. It enables the execution of turnkey projects based on
indigenous technologies and provides licenses to adopt these technologies globally. It also licenses foreign know-how to Indian companies and assists licensee companies in export
and marketing of their products.
·
Promotional Activities: The association awards commendable inventions and provides support to patent novel ideas of institutions/universities. It also works for the development,
promotion and commercialisation of certain rural technologies. Moreover, it helps inventors/organisations patent their new products abroad.
·
Propagation of Information: NRDC propagates information on Indian and foreign technologies through various mediums, such as exhibitions, training programmes and periodicals.
It also provides other value-added services such as technology evaluation, techno-commercial support, assessment of product potential, project financing and angel funding. It also
encourages the participation of women entrepreneurs in the field of science and technology through specific development programmes.
Bilateral collaboration and interaction with other players
NRDC has well-developed networks with various scientific and industrial communities globally for the commercialisation of know-how developed in their laboratories. The institutions in
this network are NRDC's primary source of marketable technologies.
·
The corporation has formal arrangements with many of the major R&D organisations in the country. These include government organisations (CSIR, DRDO and ICMR); research and
development laboratories funded by the central and state governments; industry associations; academic and research institutions (IITs, IIMs, AIIMS) and various public/private sector
companies.
·
Please refer to www.nrdcindia.com/tech-src.htm for a complete list of collaborations/associations of NRDC.
Funding mechanism
NRDC receives grants-in-aid from the Government of India (GOI) to develop, promote and commercialise indigenously developed technologies. Further, the organisation arranges
complimentary finance for further development through venture capital funds, PATSER, TIFAC and TDB.
Key areas of research
·
Chemicals, drugs and pharmaceuticals
·
Food, agro-processing and biotechnology
·
Metallurgy and building materials
·
Electronics and instrumentation
·
Manufacturing techniques and utility processes
4.4.3.3 Asian and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology (APCTT)
Asian and Pacific Centre For
Transfer Of Technology (APCTT), a
body of United Nations Economic
and Social Commission for Asia and
the Pacific (UNESCAP), facilitates
technology co-operation and
transfer in the Asia Pacific region.
The institute was established in
1977 and has its headquarters in
New Delhi.
Contact Details
#C-2, APCTT Building Qutab
Institutional Area
Hauz Khas
Delhi –110 0016
Website
APCTT
Email
Dr. Krishnamurthy Ramanathan,
Head
kramanathan@apctt.org
Switchboard
+91 11 2651 6078
35
Source: APCTT
APCTT aspires to bring together researchers, entrepreneurs, governments and business owners (especially SMEs), and build a synergetic environment for efficient transfer of technologies
across nations in Asia Pacific. The programme aims to become the hub of technology transfer and foster innovation system across the region. Its main areas of focus include the following:
·
Technology information
·
Technology transfer
·
Tech-entrepreneurship development
·
Innovation management
Key activities
Technology-transfer services: The service includes providing relevant information on commercially-viable technologies, available investors/funding for small and medium enterprises.
It also conducts support activities such as market research/estimates, technology evaluation and commercialisation studies, and feasibility of the project vis-à-vis the market conditions. It
also helps the innovators get much-needed financial aid through venture capitalists and angel funding.
Promotional mechanisms: The body has collaborations with business consultants, industry associations and technology arbitrators across the region to facilitate effective technology
transfer. It maintains a technology database (updated daily) wherein interested parties can search for newly-available technologies. It also conducts business conferences, workshops,
seminars and publishes technology-transfer periodicals, which are circulated in 70 countries across the globe.
Search for technology partners (Buyer/Seller): APCTT facilitates networking of innovators and firms/VCs interested in acquiring the posted technologies through its online portal. A
list of technology offers/requests can found at
Technology offers – http://www.technology4sme.net/TechOffer/techmarketplace.aspx
Technology requests –http://www.technology4sme.net/TechRequest/techmarketplace.aspx
Recent activities/events35
·
January 2008 (Venue – India): Regional Stakeholders’ Meeting “Promotion of the Technology Transfer Network for Small and Medium-Scale Enterprises in the Asia-Pacific Region:
Achievements and Future Directions”
·
March 2008 (Venue – India): Workshop for senior Indian R&D Managers on “Valorisation of Research and Development (R&D)”
·
March 2008 (Venue – China): China National Workshop on Grassroots Innovation
4.4.3.4 Technology Management Program (TMP)
Technology Management
Programme of DSIR aims at the
development of skills for effective
management and transfer of
technology.
Contact Details
Ms. Jyoti S A Bhat
Scientist 'G'
Technology Management Program
Department of Scientific & Industrial
Research
Road
New Delhi 110016
Website
http://dsir.nic.in/tpdup/tmp/tmp.htm
Email
jsabhat@nic.in
Phone
+91 11 2696 0098
In today's world, understanding a technology to harness its commercial potential has become a major challenge. To cater to this problem the TMP has been set up with an objective of
improving the technology-management potential in India. It works in partnership with research organisations, government, as well as private bodies and academic institutes for promoting
awareness in technology issues. The body carries out the following activities:
·
The division provides assistance in the smooth transfer of technologies.
·
It conducts target-based research studies and helps the government in policy formation.
·
It assists in the setting up of resource centres to promote industry-academia interaction.
·
It works towards spreading information on issues related to technology management through newsletters, manuals and portals.
·
The division also works towards providing guidance on technology management matters through trainings, conferences and awareness programmes.
·
It also works towards developing MoUs with academic institutions to invoke their interest and participation in this field.
Key projects(ongoing/completed)
TMP has carried out various projects, such as the following :
·
Technology development and analytical studies
·
Technology & innovation on management studies
·
Research and Policy Studies
·
Newsletters/Information dissemination
·
Training Programmes/Workshops/Seminars/Lectures/Students' Paper Contest on Technology Management
For a complete list and details of programmes under each head, please visit http://dsir.nic.in/tpdup/tmp/010407-.htm
Past Achievements
The division has been successful in creating awareness in the field of technology management among various organisations/academia. Few of its achievements are as follows:
·
It developed case studies (40 in number) and knowledge modules in the field of technology management.
·
It has organised more than 150 training programmes in areas such as innovation management and technology transfer.
·
It set up centres at locations across India for institute-industry interaction.
·
Launched portals (three), newsletters and research reports propagation of knowledge and basic know-how.
4.4.3.5 Technology Development and Innovative Programme
The Technology Development and
Innovation Programme of CSIR
comprises three modules, namely
Technology Development and
Demonstration Programme (TDDP),
Technopreneur Promotion
Programme and TDDP start-ups.
Contact Details
TDDP
Ms Sreedevi Ravindran
Scientist 'G' and Head (TPDU)
DSIR, Technology Bhawan,
New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi 16
Phone +91 11 2656 5329
Fax +91 11 2651 6078
Email srv@nic.in
Technology Development and Demonstration Program (TDDP)
The primary objective behind this programme is to encourage the development of indigenous technologies, and adopting and adapting imported technologies suiting Indian needs. To
foster research within the country, the programme conducts joint assignments between industry and central research organisations. The main highlights of TDDP are the following:
·
The department provides funding support for REED (research, development, design and engineering) projects in collaboration with industry players.
·
DSIR provides financial support for the initial stages of the project, such as prototype development, testing and evaluation; however once the project takes off, the industry takes
charge and propels it utilising its own resources.
·
DSIR provides incentives to projects under this scheme in the form of customs duty exemptions on components/equipments required for R&D projects supported under TDDP.
Technopreneur Promotion Programme (TePP) TePP (DSIR and DST's common programme) aims to support emerging entrepreneurs through the incubation of their ideas and financial
aid. The programme has been divided into the following two phases:
·
Phase 1
·
Micro Technopreneurship Support: Under this category, financial support is provided to micro-budget innovations. After the screening of applications, the selected projects are
funded to prove functionality of the idea/patenting purposes or developing a laboratory model. Maximum financial support provided under this category is INR 75,000, subject to 90
percent of project cost.
·
TePP Project Fund: Under this category, an innovator can apply for funding to transform an original idea into a working prototype. The maximum amount of funding provided under
this scheme is INR 1.5 million, subject to 90 percent of project cost.
·
·
Phase 2
TePP
Dr A S Rao, Scientist 'G'
Fax +91 11 2696 0629
Email: asrao@nic.in
TDDP start-ups
Head (TDDP-START-Ups),
Email
Asrao@nic.in
·
Supplementary TePP Fund: Successful projects from phase 1 are eligible for additional funding to improve the quality/features of the innovation. Maximum financial aid provided
in this stage is INR 750,000,subject to 90 percent of project cost.
·
Seamless Scale-up Support for TePP: Projects that have completed phase 1 productively are entitled for further grants under this scheme. Under this module, the department
provides funding for adding more features and limited production, etc. The maximum amount of financial aid for this is limited to INR 4.5 million, subject to 50 percent of project cost.
TDDP Start-ups
DSIR has initiated a new scheme (Fund for Accelerating Start-ups in Technology) aiming at speedy growth of new enterprises in the country. The programme facilitates the creation of
technology start-ups by providing the much needed risk capital. It targets commercialisation of originally-conceived intellectual properties and help scale up their
manufacturing/operations. The capital is provided to meet certain basic expenditures, such as patenting, trial and testing costs, and running costs such as raw material, basic
hardware/software tools and components for prototype.
4.4.3.6 Consultancy Promotion Programme (CPP)
DSIR has implemented 'Promotion
and Support to Consultancy
Services' with an aim to strengthen
consultancy services in R&D across
various technology domains.
CPP has been launched to promote consultancy services in diverse areas, such as the following:
·
Consultancy services (CS) for export of indigenously-developed projects/technologies and setting up joint ventures abroad,and commercialisation of viable ideas
·
CS for the development of linkages between industry and academia
·
CS for promoting inward/outward FDI in the field of technology
·
CS for emerging technologies, which are of national interest
Contact Details
Consultancy Promotion Program
Ministry of Science & Technology
Department of Scientific &
Industrial Research
Road
New Delhi 110016
Promotional Activities
·
Consultancy Development Centre: With support from DSIR, a consultancy-development centre has been set up to foster the growth of consultancy professionals in India. The main
activities carried out by CDC include looking out for the possibility of extending consultancy services to African and Latin American nations such as Argentina, Brazil and Columbia,
managing post graduate programmes in consultancy management in collaboration with Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani.
Phone
+91 11 2651 8103
+91 11 2659 0404
Fax
+91 11 2696 0629
+91 11 2651 8103
Email
Rajkumar@nic.in Z
·
·
Support to domestic/international consultancies: The division also provides support to consultancy organisations for conducting research in various industry sectors in India and
abroad. The reports so developed are properly documented and stored for further dissemination of information. DSIR, along with ESCAP, has started the 'Technical Consultancy
Development Programme for Asia and the Pacific' (TCDPAP) to develop international ties in technical consulting domain. Other measures for strengthening consulting services include
the following:
o Enhancing consulting capabilities
o Providing consulting support to small and medium enterprises
o Documentation of experience/know-how for training purposes
o Exporting consulting services internationally
4.4.3.7 Technology Information Facilitation Programme (TIFP)
The Technology Information and
Facilitation Programme has been set
up by DSIR to develop digital
information resources to aid science
and technology research in India.
Contact Details
Ms. S Ravindran
Advisor and Scientist 'G'
Monitoring and Coordination Cell
Department of Scientific & Industrial
Research
Technology Bhawan,
New Mehrauli Road
New Delhi 110016
Website
http://dsir.nic.in/tpdup/tifp/tifp.htm
Email
srv@nic.in
Phone
+91 11 2656 5329
TIFP aims to utilise information and communication technologies to assist the scientific research community. The programme facilitates the development of infrastructure (data bases,
online journals and research reports) to make the required information available on the click of a button. The main objectives of this programme are as follows:
·
To make use of indigenous resources (human and infrastructure) for content development
·
Building up of information resources and networks to facilitate quick and easy access/sharing
·
Development of online content to support education, training and research activities
·
Mapping of R&D activities in India to international trends
Key Strategies
·
Aiding content development: TIF conducts training programmes and workshops covering all areas of content development, i.e., technical knowledge, design and methodology, etc. It
carries out assessment studies to identify priority areas for content development.
·
Promotion of information sharing: Most of the organisations/institutes conducting research in India maintain their respective databases and knowledge libraries. TIF aims to promote
online information sharing among different institutes to improve access to information.
·
Knowledge management: TIF provides information support to researchers and scientists through the collection and compilation of content on science and technology research across
the globe.
·
E-publishing of journals and research reports: The programme aims to selectively e-publish some of the Indian research journals to improve the readership and provide greater
exposure to the world market.
·
Reports on Industry trends: A number of reports on industrial trends have been published by DSIR and it continues to invite proposals for updating the outdated ones and preparing
new ones.
Project proposals and Funding Mechanism
DSIR invites proposals from research/academic institutions under the state/central government, industry associations, registered professional societies, public sector companies and
institutions incorporated under the Companies Act to conduct research projects in the areas important for national development. The approved projects receive funding as per the rules
laid down by DSIR. The list of projects (till date) supported under this programme is available at http://dsir.nic.in/tpdup/tifp/tifplop.htm
4.4.4 Department of Space (DoS)
The Department of Space oversees all aspects of India's space programmefrom the development of space
technologies and mounting space missions to the utilisation of space technologies for common-social
benefit. The Indian Space Research Agency (ISRO) is the nodal agency for India's space exploration
program. The organisational structure of the DoS is illustrated in Figure 11.
Figure 11: Organisational Structure of DoS
Department of Space
Physical Research
Laboratory (PRL),
Ahmadabad
National Remote
Sensing Agency
(NSRA), Hyderabad
Indian Space Research
Organisation (ISRO),
Bangalore
National MST Radar
Facility, Gandaki
Vikram Sarabhai Space
Centre (VSSC),
Tiruvananthapuram
Satish Dhawan Space Centre
(SHAR), Sriharikota
ISRO Telemetry Tracking
and Command Network
ISRO Satellite Centre,
Bangalore
Liquid Propulsion Systems
Centres
Development and
Educational Communication
Unit, Ahmadabad
INSAT Master Control
Facility, Hassan
National Natural
Resource Management
System (NNRMS),
Bangalore
International Collaboration and Industry Partnerships
The Department of Space also promotes collaboration in various space-related activities with different
countries. India has numerous MoUs and agreements for collaborative research technology for the
development of space programmes. ISRO, being the nodal agency of DoS, is involved in many such
partnerships.
ISRO Intertial Systems Unit,
Tiruvananthapuram
Space Applications Centre,
Ahmedabad
Note: This flowchart is indicative and not a complete representation of all organisations under DoS
Source: DST Website
R&D Activities and Scientific Services
The major activities of the department are as follows:
·
Satellite Systems and Launch Platforms This includes various activities, such as communication and
meteorological satellite systems, earth observation systems (which have six operational remotesensing satellites), scientific observations and various launch platforms, such as Polar Satellite Launch
Vehicle (PSLV) and the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV).
·
Application of Space Technology Significant success has been achieved in applying the technological
advancement space programme for social benefits. A few such programmes are Village Resource
Centres (VRCs), EDUSAT, GRAMSAT programmes and Telemedicine. VRCs provide the villages with
information on healthcare, weather, land and water resources management, mitigation of impact of
natural disasters, etc. The EDUSAT programme is a dedicated system designed for education, while
the GRAMSAT programme focuses on rural connectivity for e-governance and education.
·
University Research DoS promotes academia linkages at university level in the field of space science.
Six Space Technology Cells (STCs) have been set up across IITs, IISc and University of Pune to increase
the industry-academia collaboration. The Sponsored Research Programme (RESPOND) under ISRO is
another initiative whereby financial support is provided to various universities and other academic
institutions in India.
ISRO and other agencies of DoS are increasingly relying on private industries for supplying various types of
components for its space programmes. Major spacecraft components, such as solar panels and batteries,
pulsating heat pipes for thermal control are being sourced from external vendors. Industry is also involved
in the production of systems such as optical solar reflectors, precision components for array deployment,
cryo-refrigerator for cooling thermal infrared detectors and electronic components and liquid propulsion
systems.
Technology Transfer and Commercialisation
In the year 200607, ISRO transferred seven technologies to the industry. Examples of transferred
technologies are high temperature resins, vibration isolators and adhesive systems for use as sealants and
potting compounds, Vinyl Terminated Poly Dimethyl Siloxane (VT-PDMS), Bismaleimide resin (BIM-1000),
and Thermal Pads and Acramid, the latter being a type of dental composite.
ISRO has also signed MoUs with the industry for the development of specific technologies, such as
polyimide foam production, silica tiles processing facility and satellite-based Internet protocol interactive
system. Some technologies were also identified as having the potential for transfer, such as device for
inspection of flat honeycomb sandwich panels, holography testing apparatus and remote-operated
fastening system.
DoS has also provided technical consultancy services on various technologies related to Doppler Weather
Radar (DWR) systems, remote sensing applications for survey of land suitable for wind farms, land use and
land cover change detection studies, etc. Antrix Corporation, the marketing arm of ISRO earns revenues by
commercialising various products and services of ISRO.
4.4.4.1 Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
ISRO was established in 1972 to
develop space technology and
utilise the technical achievements
for national benefit.
Contact Details
ISRO Headquarters
Antariksh Bhavan,
New BEL Road
Bangalore – 560 094,
INDIA
Website
ISRO
The Indian Space Research Organisation, under the Department of Space, Government of India, is a premier Indian agency for research in space technologies. The main objectives of the
space programme include the development of the following:
·
Satellites
·
Launch Vehicles
·
Sounding Rockets
·
Associated Ground Systems
·
ISRO’s primary programmes are the following:
·
Indian National Satellite System (INSAT): This system is being used for applications in telecommunication, television, search and rescue, meteorology and radio networking.
·
Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS) System: The system has applicability in resource survey and management under the National Natural Resources Management System (NNRMS).
·
Stretched Rohini Satellite Series (SROSS): These systems provide valuable scientific data.
·
Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV): They are the launch platform for the various satellite systems.
ISRO has several supporting institutions and facilities (also under the Department of Space), which assist in its R&D initiatives. Some of them are listed below.
·
Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), Thiruvananthapuram
Email
info@isro.gov.in
·
Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS), Dehra Dun
·
Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), Ahmadabad
·
National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA), Hyderabad
Phone
+91 80 2341 5275
·
Space Physics Laboratory (SPL), Tiruvananthapuram
·
Space Applications Centre (SAC), Ahmadabad
·
ISRO Satellite Centre (ISAC), Bangalore
·
National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL), Gadanki
·
Sponsored Research Programme (RESPOND) It is an initiative of ISRO and seeks to financially support R&D conducted in the fields of space science, space technology and space
application in universities and academic institutions in India. Research proposals by non-academic R&D institutions may also be considered under this programme. For increasing
ISRO-academia linkage, ISRO has established 6 Space Technology Cells across IITs, IISc and University of Pune.
4.4.4.1 Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
·
Since ISRO’s inception, it has been collaborating with International agencies for the development of space technologies.
·
ISRO operates LUT (Launch Umbilical Tower)/ MCC (Mission Control Centre) with international collaboration under the COSPAS/SARSAT Programme for Search and Rescue.
·
It sponsors and participates in international scientific campaigns such as IGBP, CAWSES and IHY.
·
ISRO has signed MoUs with Australia, Brazil, Brunei, Canada, China, EUMETSAT, European Space Agency (ESA), France, Germany, Hungary, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Japan, Mauritius,
Mongolia, Myanmar, the Netherlands, Norway, Peru, Russia, Sweden, Thailand, UK, Ukraine, US and Venezuela.
·
An agreement has been signed between Government of India and Government of the Russian Federation to allow India access to navigation signals of the Russian Global Navigation
Satellite System (GLONASS). ISRO and the Federal Space Agency of Russia have also agreed upon joint collaboration on an experimental satellite called YOUTHSAT.
·
ISRO and the Israel Space Agency (ISA) are also collaborating on various space technologies.
·
With financial aid from the United Nations, ISRO has set up a Centre for Space Science and Technology Education in Asia and the Pacific (CSSTE-AP).
·
Various ISRO projects, such as the setting up of the Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS), operations of Satellite Telecommunication Experiments Project (STEP),
Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE), launches of the satellites – Aryabhata, Bhaskara, APPLE, IRS-IA and IRS-IB was accomplished in collaboration with international
agencies.
·
ISRO has a robust network with the Indian industry. In the year 2007, technologies on electro-mechanical, chemical and optics, hardware to specialised software were transferred to
the industry.
·
The organisation has research relationships with premier academic institutes in India. Space Technology Cells (STCs) have been established at IIT Mumbai, IIT Kanpur, IIT Kharagpur
and IIT Chennai, and Indian Institute of Science (IISc). ISRO has undertaken collaborative research with the University of Pune on various disciplines of space science.
·
It has initiated the Sharing of Experience in Space (SHARES), under which training on different space technologies will be imparted to scientists from other developing countries.
·
ISRO has also been hosting international conferences on space technologies.
·
Funding Mechanism
·
ISRO receives central government funding for all its activities and initiatives. Its budgetary allocation for the financial year 2007–08 is approximately INR 130 million.
·
Antrix Corp., the marketing arm of ISRO, also earns revenues by the sale of various technologies and services to other nations.
All aspects of space science and technology are researched at the various facilities of the Department of Science, including ISRO. In addition, ISRO also has interests in the following
related areas:
·
Climate and environmental change
·
Aeronomy and Upper Atmosphere
·
Astronomy and Astrophysics
4.4.4.2 Antrix Corporation Limited
Antrix Corporation Limited is the
commercial arm of the Department
of Space, Government of India. It
was established in 1992 with the
objective of promoting and
commercialising products and
services from the Indian Space
Programme.
Contact Details
Antrix Complex
New BEL Road,
Bangalore 560 094
India
Website
Antrix
Email
info@antrix.gov.in
Phone :
+91 80 2341 6273
+91 80 2341 6274
+91 80 2341 5474
Antrix is the primary source for all the user requirements in the field of Space Science and Technology, with a vast outlay of resources and activities. The key activities of Antrix
Corporation include promotion, development and consultancy on products and services in the space and ground segments. The various services provided by Antrix are as follows:
·
Operational Space Services: These include space communication services from INSAT series of satellites and earth observation services.
·
Space Communication Systems and Software: Such services involve designing, development, fabrication and testing of complete spacecraft with communication/multipurpose
payloads or a combination of both, as per requirements.
·
Remote Sensing Systems and Software: These include designing, development, fabrication and testing of the complete spacecraft with remote sensing payloads.
·
Spacecraft Systems and Sub-system: They offer various satellite systems and sub-systems, such as communication systems,
control systems, spacecraft mechanisms,
structure/spacecraft bus and thermal control sub-systems.
·
Launch Services: These include services for different launch vehicles with varied payload capability options.
·
Other services include establishment and supply of ground systems testing and laboratory facilities, mission support and training, consultancy and other allied services.
·
Antrix Corporation has access to the resources of Indian Space Research Organisation and the Department of Space. It has an agreement with Space Imaging (US) for the marketing of
Indian Remote Sensing Satellite data products and services. It also has collaborative deals with Euromap GmbH, Arianespace and French space agencies such as CNES.
·
·
The organisation has been successful in marketing space-technology products to a host of countries. It has sold satellites, systems and sub-systems to companies such as Hughes
Space and Communication (USA), Matra Marconi Space (France), DLR (Germany) and MELCO (Japan); launch services to KAIST (Korea), DLR (Germany), Verhaert (Belgium) consulting
services to Oil and Natural Gas Corp. (India), Indian Oil Corp. and some other services to PANAMSAT and World Space.
Funding Mechanism
·
Being a marketing arm of ISRO, it receives funding from the Government of India. In addition, it also earns revenues from various companies and industry associations.
4.4.4.3 Physical Research Laboratory (PRL)
PRL is a premiere research institute
in India and was founded in 1947 by
Dr. Vikram Sarabhai who is regarded
as the father of the Indian Space
Programme.
Contact Details
Navrangpura,
Ahmedabad - 380 009,
India
Website
PRL
Email
director@prl.ernet.in
info@prl.res.in
Phone
+91 79 2630 2129,
+91 79 2630 2223-6
The PRL is a unit of the Department of Space (DoS), Government of India. It carries out fundamental research in select areas of scientific disciplines such as the following:
·
Space and Atmospheric Sciences
·
Solar Physics
·
Astronomy and Astrophysics
·
Earth and Planetary Sciences
·
Theoretical Physics
·
Planetary Science and Exploration
PRL has many laboratory facilities for conducting research, such as Thermal Ionisation Mass Spectrometer, Stable Isotope Mass Spectrometer, Rare Gas Mass spectrometer, Radio Carbon
Dating and Infrared telescope, etc. The institute also manages a solar observatory.
PRL is deeply engaged in the various aspects of the Indian space programme and works in tandem with the other institutions under DoS. It has limited interaction with players outside the
space programme (ISRO being the nodal agency for space collaboration). A few activities wherein PRL is part of global efforts are mentioned below.
·
PRL offers a Post-Graduate Course in Space Science every alternate year at the Centre for Space Science and Technology Education in Asia and the Pacific (CSSTEAP) under the aegis
of the United Nations
Funding Mechanism
PRL is funded by the DoS. Its budget for the FY 2007 (ending March 31, 2007) was INR 299 million.
In addition to research in the broad scientific disciplines mentioned above, PRL also conducts research in the following fields:
·
Gravitation and Cosmology
·
Particle Physics
·
Nuclear, Atomic and Molecular Physics
·
Nonlinear Dynamics
·
Quantum Optics and Quantum Information
4.4.5 Department of Biotechnology (DBT)13
The Department of Biotechnology was established in 1986 with an aim to promote modern biology and
biotechnology in India. The two apex level committeesthe Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC-DBT) and
Standing Advisory Committee (Overseas) (SAC-O)review the progress of ongoing projects and propose
research on emerging areas of biotechnology. Figure 12 depicts the organisational structure of DBT.
Figure 12: Organisational Structure of DBT
Minister of Science and
Technology
Secretary, DBT
SAC - DBT
SAC - O
BRPC
Task Force
Administration
Scientific Groups
Integrated Finance
Source: Department of Biotechnology
The Biotechnology Research Promotion Committee (BRPC) under DBT undertakes the task of considering,
recommending and reviewing major inter-disciplinary project proposals with a budget of over INR 100
million. In addition, various task forces comprising eminent scientists assist the department in formulating
policy and decision making to promote biotechnology in India. DBT also involves various institutions in
research on biotechnology, which have been detailed in the Appendix-3.
Research Disciplines
·
Basic Research DBT supports basic research with the aim to develop insights into basic biological
processes; develop applications in protein engineering, drug and molecular design; identify potential
molecules for the development of vaccines and develop diagnostic for infectious diseases.
·
Agriculture The agricultural research is concentrated in the areas of crop biotechnology, bio-fertilisers,
bio-pesticides and crop management, animal biotechnology and aquaculture.
·
Plant and Medical Biotechnology Areas of research in plant biotechnology are plant tissue culture, bioprospecting and molecular taxonomy, bio fuels, and medicinal and aromatic plants. Vaccines,
diagnostics and drug development form the core research areas in medical biotechnology.
·
Human Genetics and Genome Analysis Many schemes have been initiated in the fields of functional
genomics, human genome diversity, gene therapy, microbial and computational genomics, biocomputing, DNA micro array facilities, proteomics, etc
Certain other areas of research within DBT include seri-biotechnology, stem cell, food biotechnology and
environmental biotechnology.
International R&D Collaborations
DBT has signed agreements and MoUs with strategic partners, such as Australia, Canada, Finland, France
Germany, the UK, Norway, Switzerland and the US. A few examples of recent international collaborations
of DBT are provided below.
·
An agreement has been signed between the National AIDS Research Institute (NARI) and the
International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) with the department of biotechnology (DBT) for developing
the AIDS vaccine.
·
DBT has signed an MoU each with Agriculture & Agri-Food, Canada and the National Research
Council, Canada.
·
Canadian experts are providing critical technical inputs in the planning of the proposed Agri-Food
cluster at Mohali, Punjab. The cluster will include the National Agri-Food Biotech Institute (NABI), a
Bio-processing Unit (BPU)both are planned as autonomous institutions of DBTand an agri-biotech park
for start-ups that will come into existence through public private partnership.
·
India and Australia have collaborated and invested INR 223 million each, to conduct research on
biomedical devices and implants, stem cells, vaccines and diagnostics transgenic crops, etc., for three
years.
Technology Patenting, Transfer and Commercialisation
The Biotechnology Patent Facilitating Cell (BPFC) under DBT is responsible for spreading awareness related
to IPR issues among scientists in India and facilitating the filing of Indian and international patents for
scientists. It provides financial supports for the establishment of Intellectual Property Management and
Technology Transfer Offices (IPM&TTO) in state-and central-government-funded universities and
institutions to facilitate the protection of intellectual property of these institutions and subsequent
commercialisation to earn revenues.
Technologies developed at institutes under DBT are in various stages of commercialisation. Some
technologies have been launched commercially, some have been transferred but not yet launched, while
some are under negotiations for transfer and commercialisation. Some examples are given below.
·
At the National Institute of Immunology under DBT, a technology relating to novel molecules that
inhibit tuberculosis and bacteria, with the potential to be developed as anti-mycobacterial drugs, is
being discussed under an MoU signed with Astra Zeneca India, Bangalore, and Cadila, Ahmadabad.
·
Hepatitis C Diagnostics ELISA-based technology developed by ICGEB, New Delhi, has been
commercially launched by Xcytron, Bangalore.
·
Methodologies for cryopreservation and revival of bone marrow and cord blood cells developed at the
National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS) have been transferred to the Armed Forces Medical College,
Pune.
·
DBT has facilitated the commercialisation of a technology related to an affordable antibody filarial
detection kit developed at the Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, in collaboration with the
Gujarat-based Span Diagnostics.
Biotechnology Promotion
·
Technology Incubators and Biotechnology Parks DBT has established a Biotechnology Park at Lucknow,
Uttar Pradesh, with a key focus on healthcare, agriculture, environment, industrial application and
energy. Five biotechnology incubation centres at Hyderabad, Bangalore, Chandigarh, Kochi and Solan
are also supported by DBT with focus areas of developing and scaling up of bioprocesses and
technologies, drugs and pharmaceuticals, agribusiness and certification of export goods, traditional
medicines, and medicinal and aromatic plants respectively.
·
Biotechnology Industry Research & Development Assistance Council (BIRAC) BIRAC is set up under
DBT to promote innovation in the field of biotechnology and foster greater industry-institute
interaction. The organisation assists the industry through various services, such as providing access to
key resources and new technologies, providing financial assistance and enabling technology transfer
and intellectual property (IP) management, technology acquisition and technology forecasting services.
·
Centres of Excellence (COE) have been set up by DBT at various institutes across India to focus on key
areas of biotechnology research. DBT has been supporting eight COEs until now. It plans to set up as
many as 50 centres of excellence in the next five years.
Other Initiatives
·
Biotechnology Information System (BTIS) BTIS is the first network in the world to establish virtual
private network (VPN) of broadband connectivity among various Bioinformatics centres in India and the
high performance national computing facility at IIT Delhi. The network connects more than 60
institutes, such as the various Centres of Excellence (CoEs), Distributed Information Centres (DICs) and
Sub-DICs. The network will enable scientists to take part in national millennium technology initiative
projects of CSIR, such as Biosuite of Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) and in the creation of software
packages for visualisation of the bioinformatics data by Strand Life Sciences (formerly Strand
Genomics).
·
Biotechnology Product and Process Development Various biotechnology products and processes have
been developed at institutes under DBT. Significant progress has been made in areas such as
optimisation of the production and application of industrially-important enzymes, products and
processes having applications in the healthcare sector, biosynthesis of value-added industrial products
and exploitation of microbial diversity of the Northeast India.
·
Fiscal Initiatives Customs duty on medical equipments has been reduced from 12.5 percent to 7.5
percent. Further, the government has exempted certain incomes of venture capital companies or
venture capital funds from specified businesses or industries engaged in the business related to
biotechnology (and some other sectors). This amendment has been in effect from 1 April 2008.
·
Social Contribution The social goals of DBT can be categorised into three areassupporting women in
the field of biotechnology through employment opportunities, developing rural areas through
dissemination of knowledge for economic benefit of the rural community and promoting scheduled
castes and tribes (SC/ST) through biotechnology tools to promote economic and social equality of
these underprivileged tribes.
Please refer to Appendix for the list of autonomous institutions under DBT.
4.4.5.1 Biotechnology Industry Research & Development Assistance Council (BIRAC)
BIRAC is an organisation set up
under the aegis of the Department
of Biotechnology (DBT) to fund
innovations in biotechnology.
Contact Details
Department of Biotechnology,
Ministry of Science & Technology,
Block No 2, 7th Floor, CGO Complex,
Lodhi Road,
New Delhi 110 003 INDIA
BIRAC has been envisaged by the government as an agency for the promotion of innovation in the field of biotechnology and foster greater industry-institute interaction. The organisation
will assist the industry through various services, such as the following:
·
Access to key resources and new technologies
·
Provide facilities for testing and validation
·
Provide financial assistance
·
Technology transfer and intellectual property (IP) management, technology acquisition and technology forecasting services
·
Provide training to enable capacity building within SMEs.
Website
Department of Biotechnology,
Government of India
BIRAC will also manage the following two key programmes of the Department of Biotechnology
·
Biotechnology Industry Partnership Program (BIPP): The objective of this initiative is to obtain Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) for advanced technology in emerging fields, which may
not have immediate prospects for commercialisation. The research in these fields is expected to be a public-private venture, where the government will get royalty and the industry
participant will retain the IPR, while investing in the programme. The research on drugs for treating tuberculosis, AIDS vaccine and dengue vaccine is also expected to be financed
through this channel. Further, it wants to explore the sharing of expensive facilities among research units, such as toxicology centres, animal facilities, transgenic, and others.
·
Small Business Innovation Research Initiative (SBIRI): This initiative aims to channelize public-private funding towards high risk proof-of-concept research with a direct focus on
developing products/processes bearing high societal benefits.
Email
btic@dbt.nic.in
·
The Department of Biotechnology (DBT) has partnered with industry associations such as FICCI to attract industry players in funding cutting edge research.
Phone
+91 11 436 1813
Funding Mechanism
·
BIRAC receives direct funding form the DBT for various programmes under its aegis. 30 percent of DBT's funding has been set aside for public-private research initiatives.
·
BIRAC also seeks significant funds from the industry for its various public-private partnered projects and initiatives.
·
Its major areas of research are emerging biotechnology fields such as stem cell research and nanoscience.
·
Moreover, it helps conduct research on India-centric initiatives such as drugs/vaccines for tuberculosis, AIDS and dengue.
4.4.6 Department of Atomic Energy (DAE)38
DAE was established in 1954 with the mandate to develop nuclear power technology and promote
applications of radiation technologies in areas of agriculture, medicine, industry and basic research. The
organisational structure of the DAE is illustrated in Figure 13.
DAE comprises a group of organisationsfive research centres, three industrial organisations, five public
sector undertakings, three service organisations and DAE-aided institutions. It is assisted by various boards
for promoting research in the field of nuclear and mathematical sciences. DAE SRC guides basic research
conducted in institutions under the aegis of DAE.
The Atomic Energy Commission is the governing body for DAE, which is headed by a chairman, who is the
secretary to the Government of India. The Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) is responsible for the
regulatory framework for the operational safety and environmental protection of nuclear operations in
India.
Research Disciplines
The R&D undertaken by various institutions under DAE can be categorised into the following three areas:
·
Nuclear Power Technology India has been following a three-stage nuclear power programme. The first
stage utilises pressurised heavy-water reactors with natural uranium as fuel to generate power. This
stage is already in the commercial domain. The second stage involves setting up fast-breeder reactors
with plutonium as fuel; the latter being obtained from spent uranium during the first stage. This stage
is in the technology demonstration phase with prototypes being built for testing purposes. The third
stage the development stage with efforts being made to generate power through technology based on
the thorium-uranium-233 cycle. BARC is involved in the development of advanced heavy water reactor
for this purpose. Research is also ongoing at various DAE institutes in the field of hydrogen energy and
fusion energy.
·
Advanced Technology and their Application Research and product development is being undertaken in
the key technology areas, such as reactors, accelerators, lasers, food processing, healthcare, nuclear
and biotechnological tools, etc
·
Basic Research Major activities in the field of basic research have been undertaken in areas, such as
mathematics and computational sciences, physics, biology, cancer research, materials science,
synchrotrons and their utilisation and cyclotrons and their utilisation.
Figure 13: Organisation Structure of DAE
Atomic Energy Commission
Atomic Energy
Regulatory Board
DAE Science Research
Council (DAE SRC)
R&D
Centres
Industrial
Organisation
Public Sector
Undertakings
Service
Organisation
Aided
Institutions
Source: Department of Atomic Energy
38
Source: Department of Atomic Energy
Research Collaboration and Support (Domestic)
DAE seeks to promote close ties between national laboratories and universities in India through various
initiatives and programmes. A few schemes are mentioned below.
·
Human Resource Development DAE has set up various programmes, such as UGC-DAE Consortium for
Scientific Research and Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) for human resource development. DAE
has signed an MoU with the University Grants Commission (UGC) to set up Inter-University Consortium
of DAE Facilities (IUC-DAEF) at Indore. Further, R&D centres under DAE are recognised by universities
in that region as centres of research and can award post-graduate degrees. HBNI was established in
1995 with an aim to speed up research and product development in nuclear sciences. The institute
trains manpower, awards degrees and promotes linkages among various institutes of DAE.
·
Sponsored Research Sponsored research projects have been undertaken by various DAE institutes,
such as BARC under MoUs and agreements with other institutions, such as the Central Electronics
Engineering Research Institute (CEERI) at Pilani and University Institute of Chemical Technology (UICT)
at Pune.
·
Funding of Extramural Research DAE extends extramural research to various institutes and
laboratories in India in relevant disciplines. Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences (BRNS) and
National Board for Higher Mathematics (NBHM) have been constituted to assist DAE in its
endeavours.
International R&D Collaboration
·
Institutions under DAE, under a DAE-CERN agreement, are engaged in the development and supply of
sophisticated components for Large Hadron Collider (LHC) being built by CERN.
·
A MoU has been signed between the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) of India and the Commissariat a
l'Energie Atomique (CEA) of France in 2002 to collaborate on peaceful uses of nuclear energy.
·
India, along with China, the European Union, Japan, The Republic of Korea, The Russian Federation and
the US is a partner in the International Thermo-nuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) project, a joint
international research and development project that aims to demonstrate the scientific and technical
feasibility of fusion power.
·
VECC has been collaborating with international laboratories such as RIKEN in Japan and TRIUMF in
Canada, in the field of RIB.
·
FAIR will be operational in Germany by 2011. DAE seeks India's participation in FAIR for mutuallybeneficial research.
·
The high-energy physics (HEP) community in India is seeking participation in international projects,
such as the International Linear Collider (ILC) and the European X-Ray Laser Project (XFEL).
Technology Patenting and Commercialisation
The DAE-IPR cell is the nodal agency for all IPR-related activities, including filing of national and
international patents for all institutions under the aegis of DAE. Various technologies have been transferred
from DAE institutes, such as BARC, to the industry for commercial exploitation. Some examples of
technology commercialisation by BARC are listed below.
·
The medical analyser software technology developed at BARC was transferred to Larsen & Toubro Pvt.
Ltd., Mysore.
·
The technology for kitchen-waste-based biogas plants (Nisargruna) has been transferred to more than
20 parties.
·
The technology on low-carbon Ferro-alloys has been transferred to ADV Metal Combine Pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi.
·
BARC has supplied thermo luminescence dosimetry (TLD) phosphor powder and Teflon powder to
Avanttec, Medical Systems Pvt. Ltd., Chennai, for the manufacture of TLD discs.
·
The Facilitation Centre for Industrial Plasma Technologies (FCIPT), a unit of Institute of Plasma
Research, has commercialised a few technologies, such as plasma-teflon coating on seal and shell, plasma
diagnostics system and atmospheric plasma treatment for Angora wool. RRCAT has also commercialised a
few technologies, such as laser-assisted land-levelling system and compact nitrogen laser module.
4.4.6.1 Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC)
BARC was founded in 1957 as the
erstwhile Atomic Energy
Commission. It was renamed as
BARC in 1966 and currently is the
nodal agency for atomic research in
India.
Contact Details
BARC, Trombay,
Mumbai - 400 085
India
Technology Transfer and
Collaboration Division
Tel: +91 22 2550 5337mail :
headttcd@barc.gov.in
Website
BARC
Phone
+91 22 2550 5050/10
·
Research Activities: DAE supports extramural research and development activities in nuclear and allied sciences, engineering and technology through the Board of Research in
Nuclear Sciences (BRNS). BRNS encourages and supports scientists and engineers in pursuing research activities in areas of interest and relevance to DAE.
·
Technology Transfer and Collaboration: BARC has also developed several spin-off technologies that find applications in a variety of sectors. These technologies are being
transferred to the government, public and private sectors. Please refer to http://www.barc.ernet.in/webpages/technologies/home.html for the list of technologies available for
transfer and the ones already transferred by BARC.
·
Conferences and Events BARC also organises conferences and symposiums on various areas of atomic energy to promote interaction among key members. Various conferences
have been conducted in areas such as nuclear and solid-state physics, high energy physics, radiation and photochemistry, radiation and environmental sciences.
Funding Mechanism
All the research activities are funded by DAE, with periodic reviews done for large and critical projects.
The major research areas are divided into the following four divisions:
·
Advanced Technologies This includes areas such as nuclear electronics, fibre optics and optoelectronic instrumentation, artificial intelligence, and Microprocessor based control &
Instrumentation.
·
Basic Sciences This includes areas such as nuclear physics, neutronics related to fission and fusion reactors, nuclear energy related programmes and selected state of solid state
physics.
·
Nuclear Reactor & Fuel Cycle This includes areas such as design and development of reactor components, study on material of reactor service, metal-water reaction and fracture
mechanics studies.
·
Radiation Technologies and Applications This includes areas such as radiation physics and chemistry, environmental monitoring, development of radiation detectors, waste
mobilisation and radio protection.
4.4.6.2 Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR)
IGCAR was established in 1971 and
is the second-largest establishment
under DAE after BARC.
Contact Details
Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic
Research
Kalpakkam -603102
Tamil Nadu
India
Website
IGCAR
Phone
+91 44 27480267
IGCAR, under the Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India, is primarily entrusted with the task of undertaking scientific research and utilising advanced engineering techniques
for the development of fast breeder reactor (FBR) technology. This objective is in tune with the second stage (refer to DAE) of the Indian Nuclear Programme, where Plutonium obtained
from the spent Uranium of the first stage nuclear programmes is to be used as fuel in the FBRs.
The activities of IGCAR have been distributed among various groups, such as the Chemistry Group, Electronics & Instrumentation Group, Engineering Services Group, Fast Reactor
Technology Group and Metallurgy and Materials Group, for better management.
IGCAR has 12 laboratories for conducting research activities. These laboratories facilitate research in different scientific streams, such as Mechanical Metallurgy, Materials Technology,
Non-Destructive Evaluation, Corrosion Science & Technology, Physical Metallurgy, Structural Mechanics and Chemical Characterisation.
Key Areas
Apart from thrust areas such as nuclear technology, the centre is also a front runner in areas such as quasi crystals, oxide superconductors, nano-structures, clusters, Superconducting
Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) fabrication programs, exopolymers and experimental simulation of condensed matter using colloids etc.,
IGCAR has also extended its expertise and facilities to other important sectors such as Defence and Space.
Collaborations
It has collaborations with educational and R & D institutes such as IITs, IISc, BITS Pilani, National Research Laboratories, Public Units and Institutes abroad.
Funding Mechanism
IGCAR receives funds from the Department of Atomic Energy
4.4.6.3 National Centre for Biological Science (NCBS)
NCBS was established in 1984 to
function as an independent unit
under TIFR to deliver cutting-edge
research and education in the field
of biology.
Contact Details
National Centre for Biological
Sciences, TIFR
GKVK, Bellary Road,
Bangalore 560065, India
Website
NCBS
Email
dean@ncbs.res.in
Phone
+91 80 23666001/02
+91 80 23666018/19
NCBS is a research centre specialising in biological research and is part of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. The research conducted at NCBS uses experimental and
computational approaches for the study of molecules, cells and organisms with the aim to understand biology at each of these levels. Its four major research interests are the following:
·
Biochemistry, Biophysics and Bioinformatics: Research areas include cellular architecture of Genome regulation; structure and dynamics of nucleic acids; structural biology,
macromolecular crystallography, etc.
·
Neurobiology: Research areas include the cellular mechanics of mental illness, physics and neurobiology of insect flight, neurobiology of learning and memory, genetic analysis of
chemosensory perception in drosophila, etc.
·
Cellular Organisation and Signalling: Research areas include countering cervical cancer, mitochondrial demographics, cell biology of the synapse, physical principles of organisation in
biological systems, etc.
·
Genetics and Development: Research: Its research areas include trisphosphate signalling in cellular and systemic physiology, developmental neurobiology of animal movement,
molecular genetic analysis of complex neuro-psychiatric disorders, evolutionary ecology and environmental conservation.
NCBS aims to develop new and interactive initiatives, such as iBio (interdisciplinary biology), which brings a wide variety of scientists to address questions in biology. Other programmes
from NCBS include interactions with biomedical researchers and human-geneticists and the application of human genetics tools to clinical questions.
·
NCBS also collaborates with other institutions and individuals to carry out research in specific fields.
·
It has also collaborated with the Christian Medical College (CMC) to develop a PhD programme for clinicians between NCBS and CMC investigators.
Funding Mechanism
·
NCBS receives internal funding from TIFR.
·
It also receives extramural funding from various agencies, such as CSIR, DBT, DST, Mizutani Foundation for Glycoscience (MFGS), Rockfeller Foundation, The Wellcome Trust and
WHO.
4.4.6.4 Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology (RRCAT)
RRCAT (formerly CAT) is India's
primary Research centre on Laser
and Accelerator Technology, under
the Department of Atomic Energy.
Contact Details
Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced
Technology,
Indore 452013
Madhya Pradesh,
India
Website
RRCAT
Email
pdgupta@cat.ernet.in
Phone
+91 731 232 1341
RRCAT was established by the DAE to increase and widen the research work carried out by BARC. The research focuses on two leading-edge areas of science and technologyLasers and
Accelerators.
·
Laser: RRCAT is involved in developing laser systems and its applications, such as high power CO2 lasers, semiconductor lasers, chemical lasers, excimer lasers and highenergy/intensity-pulsed lasers for use in industry, medicine and research.
·
Accelerator: As part of DAE's committee recommendations, Synchrotron Radiation facilities Indus-1 and Indus-2 was established at RRCAT. This will give scientists powerful sources
of photons with wavelengths in the visible, vacuum ultraviolet, soft x-rays and hard x-rays.
·
RRCAT also offers a one year course for researchers on the various units of high-technology of the Department of Atomic Energy. RRCAT also offers a Young Scientist Research
Programme, a summer course that aims to expose students to the sciences of lasers and accelerators.
The RRCAT has a close association with the industry and other research institutions, examples of which are mentioned below.
·
RRCAT worked on Pulsed Laser Deposition in a collaborative project with the department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Chennai.
·
It is also working in collaboration with the Centre for Advanced Studies in Materials Science and Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, University of Pune.
·
It has an active collaboration with the Department of Solid State Physics, University of ULM, Germany
Funding Mechanism
·
The RRCAT receives central government funding through the Department of Atomic Energy.
4.4.7 Other Ancillary Research Departments
4.4.7.1 Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP)
Established in the year 1995, DIPP is responsible for the formulation of the overall industrial policy for
India. Primary functions of DIPP include the following:
·
To devise industrial policies for the country as per development needs and national objectives
·
To keep track of the nations industrial growth and advice different industries on matters related to
technology and productivity accordingly
·
To formulate policies on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and approvals for projects
·
To administer the Industries (Development & Regulation) Act, 1951
·
To encourage international collaboration on enterprise level and defining regulations for it
·
To formulate policies related to Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) in patents, trademarks, industrial
designs, etc.
The key activities of DIPP are as follows:
·
Technology Inflow DIPP encourages Indian companies to form strategic technology collaborations with
companies across the globe for mutual benefits. It also facilitates technology transfer across
industries through the Foreign Technology Collaboration (FTC) agreement.
·
Protection of IPR DIPP takes various initiatives to promote the protection of IPRs by formulating and
implementing policies through the Office of the Controller General of Patents, Designs and Trade
Marks.
·
Schemes for development of Industrial infrastructure The department formulates policies for
continuous up gradation of industrial infrastructure and maintaining international competitiveness of
Indian companies; for instance it launched an Industrial Infrastructure Up gradation Scheme (IIUS) with
a budget allocation of INR 6.75 billion (Tenth Five Year Plan) 39
·
Promotion of FDI DIPP acts as a facilitator for promoting foreign investment (including through Non
Resident Indians) into the country through dissemination of information about available opportunities
and investment climate in the country.
·
Investor Guidance The department provides guidance to investors (interested in new
ventures/collaborations) regarding the regulation and policies across different sectors. Foreign
investors can contact DIPP for any issues related to the application process and financial/technical
approvals for their projects.
39
Source: DIPP Annual Report 2005-06
4.4.7.2 Department of Defence Research and Development (DDRD)
The Ministry of Defence (MoD) consists of four departmentsDepartment of Defence, Department of
Defence Production, Department of Defence Research & Development (DDRD) and Department of ExServicemen Welfare. The organisational profile of the various departments of the MoD is illustrated in
Figure 14.
Figure 14: Organisation Structure of Ministry of Defence
Ministry of Deence
(MoD)
Finance Division
Department of Defence
Production
The Department of
Ex-Servicemen Welfare
Research & Development
(DDRD)
Department Research and
Development Organisation
(DRDO)
Source: Department of Ministry of Defence
The Department of Defence is the key coordinating department for the Integrated Defence Staff (IDS), the
three armed services Army, Navy and Air Force and various inter-service organisations. Its activities also
include the formulation of the defence budget, defence policy, parliamentary issues, foreign collaborations,
etc. The Department of Defence Production is tasked with the job of defence equipment production,
indigenisation of imported stores, etc., while the Department of Ex-Servicemen Welfare is concerned with
all re-settlement, welfare and pension issues of former servicemen.
The Department of Defence Research and Development (DDRD) is headed by a Secretary who also acts as
the Scientific Advisor to the Defence Minister. The department endeavours to make India self reliant in
defence systems. The government of India is advised by DDRD on the scientific aspects of military
equipment and logistics. Further, DDRD is also involved in the research, design and fabrication of worldclass weapon systems. The nodal agency for all research and development activities of the DDRD is the
Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), which is a network of more than 50 laboratories
engaged in R&D in various military application areas.
4.4.7.2.1 Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
DRDO is a premier organisation for
science and technology, established
in 1958, with a mission to design,
develop and produce state-of-the-art
weapon systems, platforms and
allied equipment for the
requirements of the Indian armed
forces.
Contact Details
DRDO Bhawan,
New Delhi 110 011
INDIA
Website
DRDO
Email:
director@desidoc.drdo.in
Public Relations:
dpidrdo@hqr.drdo.in
Phone :
+91 11 23007602,
+91 11 23011073
DRDO is a network of more than 50 laboratories engaged in research and development of various defence technologies with the aim of keeping the Indian armed forces equipped with
cutting-edge competitive weapon systems and defence technology.
DRDO's key activities include the following:
·
Design, development and production of state-of-the-art sensors, weapon systems, platforms and allied equipment
·
Provide technological solutions to the armed forces for optimised combat effectiveness and to promote well-being of the troops
·
Develop a robust infrastructure and build a strong indigenous technology base
In addition to the R&D activities within the ambit of DRDO, it also promotes external research through grants-in-aid to academic institutes and R&D laboratories. It has the following two
schemes for this purpose:
·
Contract for Acquisition of Research Services (CARS): This is an initiative of DRDO, through which it seeks to procure research services from academic institutes. Under CARS,
individuals and institutions can apply for research grants from DRDO.
·
Extramural Research Scheme: DRDO supports extramural research (ER) by a funding large number of research projects in different academic institutes and R&D labs.
·
DRDO has been promoting the involvement of industry and academia in its activities.
·
DRDO has MoUs and agreements with as many as 33 countries. Russia, USA, France, Israel, Germany, UK, Singapore, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan are the major partners of DRDO.
·
DRDO has set up many joint-working groups with their counterparts in other countries such as the Indo-US Joint Technology Group, the Indo-Russian R&D Sub-Group and the IndoIsrael Managing Committee.
·
To increase industry-institute linkages, DRDO has established Centres of Excellence in the IITs, IISc, University of Hyderabad, Bharathiar University (BU) in Coimbatore, University of
Calcutta in Kolkata and elsewhere for R&D in different defence technologies.
·
Contract for Acquisition of Research Services (CARS) is an initiative of DRDO, through which it seeks to procure research services and facilities from academic institutes. Under CARS,
individuals and institutions can apply for research grants from DRDO. Other than CARS, DRDO also supports extramural research (ER) by funding large numbers of research projects in
different academic institutes and R&D labs.
Funding Mechanism
·
DRDO has a budget of more than INR 50 billion and is funded by the Government of India.
·
The major areas of DRDO's research and development are Aeronautics, Armaments, Combat Engineering, Electronics and Computing, Life Sciences, Materials, Missiles and Naval
Systems.
4.4.7.3 Department of Health Research (DHR)
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare upgraded the Indian Council for Medical Research and re-designated it to Department of Health Research in October 2007. This step was aimed
to give an impetus to biomedical research in India. Further, the budgetary allocation (as compared to ICMR previously) has also been increased to scale up the infrastructure facilities
available for research. Currently, ICMR is the core research arm of DHR, focussing on research in cutting edge areas and development of new drugs.
Further, DHR acts as an advisory body to guide the ministry to formulate health policies for the country.
Some key functions of DHR include the following:
·
Encourage basic, applied and clinical research, including clinical trials and operational research, in areas related to health, biomedical and medical profession
·
Promote public-private partnership in areas such as medical, biomedical and health research
·
Provide fellowships to researchers, conduct advanced training programmes, conferences and seminars for knowledge sharing
·
Arrange funds for the development of infrastructure in institutions of higher learning to promote advanced research
·
Collaborate with research institutes outside India for better exposure to Indian researchers, as well as co-ordinate with various institutions under the Central and State Governments.
·
Support various agencies at the time of epidemics and natural calamities.
4.4.7.3.1 Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
ICMR was set up in 1949 as the
apex body in India for the
formulation, coordination and
promotion of biomedical research.
Contact Details
P.O. Box No. 4911
Ansari Nagar
New Delhi 110029
Website
ICMR
Email
headquarters@icmr.org.in,
icmrhqds@sansad.nic.in
Phone
+91 11 26588895,
+91 11 26588980,
+91 11 26589794,
+91 11 26589336,
+91 11 26588707
The Indian Council of Medical Research promotes biomedical research in India through intramural and extramural research. The key activities of the council are as follows:
Research Activities:
·
Intramural research is carried out by its 21 permanent research centres and 6 regional medical research centres located across India. The permanent centres focus on specific research
areas such as tuberculosis, leprosy, cholera and diarrhoeal diseases, viral diseases, including AIDS and malaria, while the regional centres address regional health issues and
endeavour to strengthen research capabilities in different areas of India.
·
The 'Medical Innovation Fund' is a new initiative by ICMR that seeks to sponsor high risk, novel innovations having far-reaching medical and scientific implications.
·
Extramural research is supported by ICMR. The council has set up Centres for Advanced Research in different medical institutions (including non-ICMR institutes); it commissions taskforce studies and promotes open-ended research through grants-in-aid to scientists from the medical fraternity all over the country.
Human Resource Development:
·
ICMR also grants research fellowships, short-term visiting fellowships and research studentships, and also conducts various training programmes with the objective of humanresource development.
·
·
ICMR is well networked with leading institutions in medical research and healthcare in India and abroad. It has partnered with both industry and academia to collaborate on
healthcare research.
·
ICMR has, in the recent past, signed MoUs with the University of Minnesota, International Clinical Epidemiology Network (INCLEN), Merck, MRC of South Africa, FIOCRUZ of Brazil,
the George Institute of International Health in Australia and various other overseas institutions for international collaboration in research on various disciplines of healthcare.
·
An MoU has been signed between ICMR and National Innovation Foundation (NIF) of India to focus on the development of drugs from practices based on traditional knowledge of
India.
Funding Mechanism
·
ICMR is funded by the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India.
·
Communicable diseases
·
Fertility control, maternal and child health, nutritional deficiencies and disorders
·
Environmental and occupational health problems
·
Non-communicable diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and haematological disorders
·
Mental health, neurological disorders
·
Geriatric problems and traditional medicine/Herbal Remedies
4.4.7.4 Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE)
DARE is the nodal agency under the Ministry of Agriculture, which coordinates and promotes agricultural research and education in the country. It is responsible for collaborating with
other international research agencies, educational institutions and organisations in the areas of agricultural research. DARE is the sole authority managing all matters related to the Indian
Council for Agricultural Research (ICAR). The areas of research include agriculture, horticulture, natural resources management, agriculture engineering, agricultural extension, animal
science, economic statistics, and marketing and fisheries. The key activities of DARE include the following:
·
International Linkages International Cooperation Division of DARE is the nodal agency for international linkages in the area of agricultural research and education. DARE has active
bilateral cooperation with countries such as the US, Uzbekistan, Brazil, Argentina, China, Namibia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Egypt, Vietnam and Iran. It is also a member of international
research institutes including Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), National Agricultural Chemicals Association (NACA), CAB International, Asia-Pacific
Association of Agricultural Research Institutions (APAARI) and International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS).
·
Research Projects40 The sixth Indo-US Agricultural Knowledge Initiative Board, in April 2008, announced various research projects in fields such as agro-processing and marketing,
water management, biotechnology and human resources, and institutional capacity building.
·
Agriculture Education Various agriculture universities are active in an endeavour to provide quality agriculture education. Several graduate and post-graduate courses are offered in
six campuses of the Central Agricultural University and other agricultural universities across India. India is considered as a preferred destination for agriculture education, especially
at post-graduate and post-doctoral level, and runs several courses for foreign students.
ICAR is a premier research organisation under DARE, which has 48 institutes, including six deemed to have University status, 5 National Bureaux, 32 National Research Centres, 12 Project
Directorates, 89 All India Coordinated Research Projects and 40 Agriculture Universities. It aims at promoting science and technology programmes in agricultural research and education.
40
Source: DARE
4.4.7.4.1 Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)
ICAR, under the aegis of the
Department of Agriculture,
Government of India, is committed
to the development of Indian
agriculture through continuous
research and human resource
development.
Contact Details
Krishi Bhavan, Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Road,
New Delhi 110 114,
India
Website
ICAR
Email
NA
Phone
+91 11 2338 6015
ICAR, under the Ministry of Agriculture, is responsible for the R&D in the agricultural sector. It seeks to make the Indian agriculture a knowledge-intensive sector. Its key activities are as
follows:
·
Information and consulting services: ICAR acts as an information resource on various agricultural disciplines such as horticulture, resource management, animal sciences, agricultural
education, home science and agricultural communication. It also provides consulting services related to these disciplines.
·
Co-ordinating Research and Development: Many National Research Centres (NRCs) have been set up all over the country for research on specific agricultural fields.
·
The All India Co-ordinated Research Project (AICRP) is an initiative whereby ICAR collaborates with state agricultural universities to focus on research on commodities and
species of national importance. ICAR also promotes various short-term ad-hoc research schemes at various national institutes.
·
The National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP) is a World Bank-aided initiative that seeks to involve public research institutions, farmers group, private sector and other
stakeholders in the joint development and application of the latest agricultural innovation for poverty alleviation and overall economic upliftment of Indian farmers.
·
Human Resource Development: Various agricultural universities have been set up all over the country to promote teaching and research on agriculture. Under the Technology
Intervention System of the ICAR, numerous Kendriya Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) have been set up to impart vocational training, research and demonstration of on-farm technologies. This
initiative, along with the Institute-Village Linkage Programme (IVLP), has helped train farmers across the countries in novel farming techniques.
·
As mentioned before, ICAR collaborates with various state agricultural universities for joint research and strengthening of research base of these institutes.
·
India is a member of international research institutes such as CGIAR, CGPRT, NACA, CAB International, APAARI and ISHS.
·
MoUs for collaboration in agricultural research has been signed with many countries such as USA, Brazil, Argentina and China. The Indo-US Agricultural Knowledge Initiative (AKI) has
been launched with focus on agricultural education, research, service and commercial linkage.
·
ICAR is working with the World Bank for the National Agricultural Innovation Project.
Funding Mechanism
·
ICAR receives central-government funding for all its activities and initiatives.
·
Crop Sciences, Horticulture, Animal Science, Fisheries and Natural Resource Management are the key areas of research.
4.4.7.5 Ministry of Environment and Forests (MOEF)41
MoEF is responsible for all activities pertaining to the environment and forest resources in India. Primary
activities of MoEF consist of conservation of flora, fauna, forest and wildlife resources; pollution control
and its prevention; afforestation and regeneration of degraded areas; and protection of environment. The
key activities of MoEF include survey and exploration of natural resources, conservation, environmental
impact assessment, abatement of pollution, regeneration and eco-development, and research.
Nine Centres of Excellence (COEs) have already been set up to undertake research on various disciplines
relevant to environmental studies. The areas of research undertaken by these COEs are environmental
education and awareness, management of degraded ecosystem, mining environment, environmental
economics, conservation of tropical plants, medicinal plans and traditional knowledge, ecosystem /
community ecology, environmental contamination, ecology of Western Ghats and research.
The Ministry has been promoting R&D in various disciplines of the environment and forestry, such as
environmental and ecosystems protection, and resource conservation and management, through its
Research and Eco-regeneration (RE) division. The various schemes under this programme are as follows:
·
Environment Research Programme (ERP): The ERP is concerned with the problem of pollution. Its efforts
are focused at developing cost-effective solutions for pollution control.
·
Ecosystem Research Scheme (ERS): Research under ERS is focussed on understanding the ecological
relationship between humans and the environment with the aim of effective and sustainable
utilisation of natural resources.
·
Eastern and Western Ghats Research Programme (E&WGRP): This initiative focuses on region-specific
issues of the Eastern and Western Ghats.
·
Fellowships Schemes: To promote research in relevant areas, the Ministry has provided incentives in
the form of fellowship awards, such as the Pitambar Pant National Environment Fellowship Award and
the BP Pal National Environment Fellowship Award for Bio-diversity.
MoEF also acts as the nodal ministry for the implementation of international conventions, such as the
Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone
Layer and Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the ozone layer.
Various institutions under the purview of MoEF are actively involved in research in various areas of
environmental and forestry, such as GB Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment & Development (GBPIHED),
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE) and National Natural Resource Management
System (NNRMS). In addition to the above institutions, two other institutes Indian Institute of Forest
Management in Bhopal and Indian Plywood Industries Research and Training Institute (IPIRTI) in
Bangaloreare involved in imparting management and technical education in various disciplines of forestry.
41
Source : Ministry of Environment and Forestry
Source : MoEF Annual Report 2007-08
43
Source : Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
42
The International Cooperation and Sustainable Development division within the ministry coordinates all
international environmental collaboration and sustainable development issues. This division is responsible
for carrying out activities under various international programmes, under international bodies such as
UNEP, UN Commission for Sustainable Development (CSD), Global Environment Facility (GEF), Economic &
Social Commission for Asia & Pacific (ESCAP) and SAARC.
In addition to the above, MoEF has signed an agreement with China for collaboration in forestry and also a
joint collaborative research programme between the Government of United Kingdom, Department of
Environment, Food and Rural Affairs and the MoEF is underway on the impact of climate change in India.
4.4.7.6 Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE)
MNRE is the nodal ministry of the Government of India on all matters concerning new and renewable
energy resources. It has a mandate to develop such resources to supplement the energy requirements of
the country. The key activities of the ministry are as follows:
·
Promotion of Grid Interactive and Off-Grid Renewable Power
Power from wind, small hydro and
biomass has been utilised to supplement the conventional sources of energy through grid interactive
systems or stand-alone off-grid systems.
·
Renewable Energy for Rural Applications Various programmes utilising renewable energy for the
betterment of rural society were undertaken. A few key initiatives are Remote Village Electrification
(RVE), Village Energy Security Test Projects and deployment of stand-alone renewable energy devices,
such as type biogas plants, SPV lanterns and solar cookers, was done in rural hamlets.
·
Renewable Energy for Urban, Industrial & Commercial Applications Several banks and other financial
institutions are implementing interest-subsidy schemes to provide incentives for the installation of
solar devices such as water heater in homes, hospitals, hotels and industrial units. The ministry has
also commissioned projects for the conversion of urban and industrial waste to energy and nonbagasse. Further, the mapping of renewable energy resources on a GIS (Geographic Information
System) platform is also underway.
·
Research, Design & Development
The major areas of research under the ministry are alternate fuels,
such as hydrogen, biomass, Green Initiative for Future Transport (GIFT) based on alternate fuels, Green
Initiative for Power Generation (GIPS) based on alternate fuels, new and renewable energy products
for domestic and industrial purposes, and MW scale grid interactive renewable electricity systems.
Three specialised technical institutes have been set up to undertake R&D, specifically in nonconventional energy resources such as Solar Energy Centre (SEC), Centre for Wind Energy Technology
(C-WET) and Sardar Swaran Singh Institute of Renewable Energy (SSS-NIRE), which is in its final
stages of establishment.
·
International Collaboration India has signed MoUs and agreements on various areas of renewable
energy resources. A few such joint initiatives are briefly described below.
·
The India-EU Energy Panel has been set up to promote collaboration on research, design,
development, demonstration and manufacturing of various renewable energy technologies.
·
The Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate (APPCDC) or AP6 is an
international non-treaty agreement between Australia, India, China, Japan, South Korea and the USA.
AP6 seeks to provide a platform to the member countries in the development and deployment of new
and renewable energy, among other things.
·
The Working Group on New Technologies and Renewable Energy (WGNTE), established under the
Indo-US Energy Dialogue, is actively engaged in the identification of possible areas of collaboration in
renewable energy resources.
·
Other similar agreements exist with countries such as Mauritius, Italy, Cyprus and the ASEAN
nations.
Various other support programmes, such as information and public awareness programme, Technology
Information Forecasting, Assessment & Data Bank (TIFAD), Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency
Limited (IREDA) and renewable energy programmes are under way by the ministry.
4.4.7.7 State Research Councils
The DST facilitated the setting up of State S&T Councils for planning, formulating, evaluating and
implementing science and technology programmes within the concerned state. The decentralisation of S&T
efforts was an effort at utilising S&T for region-specific schemes and programmes for the development of
the state.
biotechnology. 47
Various other state councils have also been formed to promote R&D; however, their contribution is
currently very limited.
The state councils promote programmes specific to the state. However, the councils share common ground
in their focus on the issues such as the environment, biotechnology, information and communication
technology, water management, rural programmes, popularisation of S&T and establishment of S&T Parks.
Patent Information Centres (PICs) have been established at all State Councils to promote awareness about
IPR and to help facilitate patent search, filing, etc. The PICs work as satellite centres for Patent Facilitating
Centre of TIFAC, Government of India. The council also promotes S&T by awarding fellowships and
research grants to scientists, organising annual science congresses and other activities of relevance.
Despite modest success, The Planning Commission notes that most of the State S&T Councils have
become dormant and their activities are restricted mostly to S&T popularisation. Plans are on to rejuvenate
them.44
Some state council, such as the ones existing in Gujarat, Punjab and Kerela, are more proactive than others
in promoting S&T activities in their respective regions. The key focus areas of DST, Gujarat are Information
& Communication Technology including e-Governance, biotechnology, remote sensing and space
application and seismology. A large number of IT Parks are also being setup in the state to give a fillip to
these sectors. Biotech parks have already been established and biotech SEZs are being incorporated in
some of these parks.45
Biotechnology is one of the key focus areas for the Punjab State Council for Science and Technology
(SCST). Numerous programmes are underway, focussing on environment and water-regime management. A
biotechnology cluster incorporating a Biotech Institute, Biotech Park, an incubator cell and other facilities
have been envisaged at Mohali.46
Kerela SCST has many programmes and schemes promoting S&T in multi-disciplinary areas in the state. It
has six research institutes under its umbrella, which conduct research in different disciplines. Various
initiatives undertaken by KSCSTE are coastal zone management, ecology and environment, environmental
pollution monitoring, creation of Patent Information Centres (PIC), rural technology programmes and
44
Source: Tenth Five Year Plan (2002-07)
Source: DST Gujarat
46
Source: PSCST
47
Source: KSCST
45
INDIA R&D ECOSYSTEM
Confederation of Indian Industries
Federation of Asian Biotech Association
Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India
Association of Biotechnology Led Enterprises
4.5 INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS
Industry associations play a key role in bringing together the government, R&D community and the Indian
industry for the benefit of the research and development scenario of the country. They also assist the
government on policy matters relating to the industry.
·
Some of the key industry associations active in India are the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), the
Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI), the National Association of
Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM) and the Associated Chambers of Commerce and
Industry of India (ASSOCHAM).
All these associations organise conferences and workshops for increasing awareness about science and
technology issues affecting the Indian industry and academia. These have also forged alliances to
accelerate the pace of research initiatives in the country. For instance, NASSCOM has signed MoUs and
agreements with government R&D agencies such as Defence Research and Development Organisation
(DRDO), and academic entities such as the University Grants Commission (UGC) to promote collaboration
between government institutions, academia and the industry; CII has worked in tandem with DST to
establish The Global Innovation and Technology Alliance (GITA), which seeks to implement public-private
partnership in promoting International technology programmes of DST; FICCI has partnered with the
Department of Biotechnology to involve the private sector in research initiatives.
These and other industry associations play a critical role in promoting the research efforts of the country.
4.5.1 Confederation of Indian Industry (CII)
CII, established in 1992, is one of
the largest business associations in
India with more than 7,000 private
and public members. It was
established with the objective to
sustain the development and
growth of the Indian industrial
sector.
Contact Details
CII
The Mantosh Sondhi Centre
23, Institutional Area, Lodhi Road
New Delhi - 110 003 (INDIA)
GITA
India Habitat Centre
Core 4A, 4th Floor, Lodhi Road
New Delhi - 110 003
Website
CII
GITA
Email
ciico@ciionline.org
ciicocal@ciionline.org
Phone
+91 11 2462 9994-7
+91 11 2468 2230-35
+91 124 401 4060-67
CII is a non-government, industry-managed organisation, partnering with the government and the industry to create and foster an environment conducive to industrial growth. The key
activities of CII are as follows:
·
Promotes India/Indian industry as investment destination It works with the government on policy matters related to the industry and organises conferences/trade fairs globally with
the aim to promote Indian industry.
·
Supports industry competitiveness CII undertakes numerous initiatives to promote industry competitiveness on parameters such as quality, corporate governance, knowledge
management, energy efficiency and environment management. It is involved in a host of other activities to compliment its primary objective of promoting Indian industries.
·
Promotes technical innovation The Technology and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) division is one of the most important wings of CII.
·
It helps promote technical innovation, develop industry-academia linkages for faster technology adoption and commercialisation. It also focuses on increasing awareness on IPR
and undertakes other initiatives for technology development.
·
State Level Technology Development & Promotion Centres are being set up by the Technology and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) division of the CII in partnerships with state
governments. At present, two such centres are operationalAndhra Pradesh Technology Development & Promotion Centre (APTDPC) and Tamil Nadu Technology Development &
Promotion Centre (TNTDPC).
Recent collaborations
Global Innovation and Technology Alliance (GITA)
CII, in collaboration with the Department of Science and Technology (DST), has launched a new initiative Global Innovation & Technology Alliance (GITA)for the promotion and facilitation
of International Science & Technology Cooperation Programmes. GITA was launched to support collaborative R&D for developing latest technologies, promoting bilateral industrial R&D
and its commercialisation, and facilitating technology transfers and creation of joint ventures through commercial entities.
These programmes are expected to benefit Indian industries and the academia. The key activities of GITA include the following:
·
Research on specific countries with the aim of identifying potentially-beneficial collaboration areas with regard to the need of Indian industry and institutions
·
Management of bilateral and multilateral joint R&D programmes and partnership-development activities such as scientific expeditions of research delegations, joint workshops and
academic visits
·
Helping the Indian industry and institutions link up with worldwide science and technology organisations and industries
·
Providing information and complete assistance to foreign investors in R&D in India
·
Setting up joint centres of excellence
Bilateral collaborations and interactions with other players
·
CII works closely with various government agencies, such as the Department of Science and Technology, to promote research in science and technology (S&T) in India.
·
india is a signatory to several bilateral S&T agreements with various nations under which GITA, on behalf of DST, may provide grants to joint research initiatives. Initiatives under the
GITA include signing of the Indo-Canada S&T Cooperation Programme and the Indo-Israel Initiative for Industrial R&D (i4RD) Programme.
4.5.2. Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI)
FICCI was established in 1927 to
enable empowerment of Indian
businesses with the changing times,
increase their competitiveness and
enhance their global reach. With a
membership of as many as 1,500
corporates, it is the focal point for
all industry-related issues.
Contact Details
FICCI
Ficci Head Office
Federation House
Tansen Marg
New Delhi 110001
Phone
+91 11 2373 8760-70
E-mail
ficci@ficci.com
FICCI is India's premier forum for government-industry interaction, inspiring a strong vision for the development of the economy. It has a strong network spread across all industry verticals;
organisations such as ILO, GATT, WTO and World Bank; and business communities across the globe. The major activities associated with FICCI are mentioned below.
·
Supports the government in formulating effective economic policies for the nation
·
Provides a single platform for the industry, the academia and the government to discuss/debate major issues facing the nation
·
Conducts various programmes/events to encourage product innovation and commercialisation of technologies
·
Provides various services through collaboration with the industry to foster intellectual property development, trade facilitation, entrepreneurship development, training of resources,
etc.
Recent Programmes
DST-FICCI MoU on Research Platform for International Cooperation
·
In March 2008, FICCI signed an MoU with the Department of Science and Technology to establish a 'Research Platform for International Cooperation'.
·
The research platform has been designed to identify and study the core technologies of partner countries and seek possibilities of collaboration to cater to India's current and future
technology needs.
·
The scheme aims to find out interested firms/associations across the globe for alliances that benefit both the partners. The programme will serve as an engine to speed up
technology-led global collaborations to fill the technology gaps.
R&D Support to the Private Sector Lockheed Martin India Innovation Growth Programme
Lockheed Martin, in collaboration with the University of Texas and FICCI, has launched a two-year programme to encourage entrepreneurial activities in India. The scheme aims to take
early-stage technologies from India to the global arena.
The programme targets inventors, researchers and budding entrepreneurs with commercially-viable ideas/technologies.
The programme covers technologies related to various sectors, such as aeronautics, agriculture, biotech, chemistry, communications, computing, defence, electronics, environment, IT,
medical/life sciences, nanotech and petrochemical
The selected participants are given special training and funding for their projects. The programme entitles the selected participants for various benefits, such as the following
·
Specialised training programmes designed to foster entrepreneurship and commercialisation activities at the IC2 Institute
·
Invitation to participate in the professional business development engagement programme to create partnerships with corporations around the globe
4.5.3. Federation of Asian Biotech Associations (FABA)
Federation of Asian Biotech
Associations (FABA) was formally
launched in the year 2005 with the
objective to develop and promote
biotechnology research in the Asian
region. Currently, FABA has its
chapters running in 15 member
countries.
Contact Details
Federation of Asian Biotech
Associations
FABA
401, Laxmi Nivas,
Greenlands, Ameerpet,
Hyderabad-500 016,
Andhra Pradesh
Phone
+91 40 2341 5667/68
E-mail
info@biofaba.org
FABA focuses on encouraging R&D activities in the field of biotechnology by providing a common platform to pool resources and share expertise within the member countries. The main
activities of this association are mentioned below.
·
Build a strong network between the academia, professional researchers, entrepreneurs and the industry to foster the growth of biotechnology in and around Asia
·
Acts as a link between the industry and the government to encourage funding/investments for advanced product research facilities
·
Invite scientists, experts and related delegates from across the globe to attend symposiums/knowledge sharing sessions to foster exchange of ideas between the member nations
Recent Activities
In 2007, FABA organised a conference, BioAsia, in collaboration with All India Biotech Association (AIBA), which saw participation from 85 representatives from 32 countries. The main
highlights of the conference were as follows:
·
Biocon announced plans to set up an insulin plant at Vizag at a cost of approximately INR 10.4 billion.
·
National Cancer institute, Bethesda, and John's Hopkins University collaborated with Shanta Biotechnics, Hyderabad, to collectively work towards the development of human
pappiloma virus (HPV) vaccine.
·
Awards such as Genome Valley Excellence Award 2007 and BioAsia Innovation Award 2007 for young scientist were conferred upon Prof. G Padmanaban and Dr. Madhusudhan Reddy
for their work in research and innovation.
·
FABA also organised a knowledge sharing session with the chairman and CEO of Life Science Analytics, Dr. Robert W Naismith, on 'Bio-business Opportunities between US and India'
that was attended by C-level executives from the biotech space.
4.5.4. Association of Biotechnology Led Enterprises (ABLE)
ABLE is a forum that represents
India's unique biotech environment.
Contact Details
No. 13, 2nd Floor
4th C Block
10th Main Road
Koramangala
Bangalore - 560034
India
Website
ABLE
Email (Director General)
info@ableindia.org
Switchboard
+91 80 4163 6853
ABLE, a national forum representing the Indian biotechnology sector was launched by industry leaders. It currently has more than 200 members. ABLE acts as an interface between the
government, the industry, academic institutes and research bodies. ABLE's objectives include the following:
·
Promoting entrepreneurship, investments and partnerships in the biotech sector
·
Showcasing breakthrough technologies and cutting-edge biotech initiatives
·
Partnering with the government in their biotech initiatives and disseminating information on the biotech sector
·
Building stronger links between the academia and industry
·
Encouraging global investment in the rapidly-expanding Biotechnology sector, facilitating proactive collaborations and partnerships
·
Initiating dialogues between the society and entrepreneurs through workshops, seminars and conference
International Collaboration
ABLE has partnered with various agencies, governments and associations to promote biotechnology sector. Some of the partnerships are as follows:
·
ABLE and BIOTECanada signed an MoU in 2006 for close collaboration in the biotechnology field. The collaboration helps explore opportunities to develop technologies that benefit
the people of both the countries.
·
ABLE signed an MOU with Irish Bio Industry Association (IBIA) in 2006 for increased research and commercial collaboration in the biotech sectors of both the countries.
·
In 2004, ABLE and AusBiotech signed an MoU to strengthen the relationship between the two countries and provide a common platform for companies, academic and research
institutions of both countries.
4.5.5 National Association of Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM)48
Established in 1988, NASSCOM is a
not-for-profit organisation working
towards promotion of business,
trade and R&D in information and
communication technology.
Contact Details:
Nasscom
International Youth Centre
Teen Murti Marg
Chanakyapuri
New Delhi 110 021
Website: http://www.nasscom.in/
Email: info@nasscom.in
Phone: +91-11-2301 0199
Fax : +91-11-2301 5452
Headquartered in New Delhi, NASSCOM is a leading trade body of Indian IT-BPO industry. It aspires to maintain India as the key destination for global sourcing and constantly works
towards development of more efficient processes and innovative business solutions to accomplish its endeavour.
Membership The member companies (currently 1,200) of the consortium belong to diverse business domains such as ICT services, products, IT infrastructure management, R&D services,
e-commerce and web services, engineering services off-shoring, and animation and gaming.
The main objectives of NASSCOM are
·
To partner with the government and other stakeholders to formulate policies related to IT
·
To work towards the development of skills of IT professionals and expanding the talent pool
·
To encourage companies to emulate world-class quality standards
·
To ensure protection of IPR
Initiatives to promote Innovation
Fund for promotion of innovation49 NASSCOM has formed a strategic tie-up with ICICI Knowledge Park to promote innovation in upcoming technologies and has created a fund for the
same. Both the partners possess expertise in their respective domains and can play a mentor's role in converting an idea into a commercial product/service.
·
Fund Size: First round INR 1 billion
·
Subsequent rounds: INR 1.01.5 billion
·
Promoters: ICICI Knowledge Park and NASSCOM
·
Current Anchor Investors: ICICI Group, Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) and Bharti Airtel
·
The fund aims to support companies involved in the creation of IP. A company needs to fulfil certain conditions to be eligible for funding:
·
It must be an India-based company.
·
Its focus should be on IP creation.
·
It must be operating in areas such as automotive infotronics, life sciences, wireless, medical devices, intelligent transport systems, energy conservation technologies and devices
Other programs
The NASSCOM IT Innovation Award The award aims to recognise innovative companies and the winners get to showcase their innovations at the annual NASSCOM India Leadership
Summit.
48
Source: NASSCOM
4.5.6 Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM)
Established in 1920, ASSOCHAM,
the premier association of trade
bodies in India works towards
promotion of trade and commerce
between India and other nations.
Contact Details
The Associated Chambers of
Commerce and Industry of India
ASSOCHAM Corporate Office,
1, Community Centre Zamrudpur
Kailash Colony,
New Delhi 110 048
ASSOCHAM represents more than 300,000 members (direct and indirect) from various business segments and closely interacts with the Government of India to articulate their (members')
legitimate interests for the growth of industry. The main objectives of ASSOCHAM are as under:
·
Creation of knowledge for competitive advantage
·
Nurturing new and innovative business models
·
Development of a roadmap to accomplish pre-defined growth targets
·
Building consensus on core issues facing the country
·
Conducting studies, surveys and other research activities on topical issues
Knowledge Summit on Biotechnology
ASSOCHAM, in association with CSIR, DBT and ICMR, has formed a Biotech Governing Council to promote research in various areas of biotechnology, including biopharmaceutical
products, bio industrial products and bio services. The council conducts various conferences and international summits, knowledge sharing and building networks. The fourth Knowledge
Summit held in 2006 aimed at creating a research-oriented environment in the country and attracting global companies to come and explore opportunities in India. The summit was
attended by renowned scholars and industry experts from across the globe; for instance Nobel laureate Prof. Sir Harry Kroto, Dr. Alfred Hackenberger (President, speciality chemicals
BASF). The focus areas of this summit were the following:
Website http://www.assocham.org/
·
Agri-biotechnology
Email assocham@nic.in
·
White biotechnology
·
Human healing: Turning science into solutions
Phone (011) 46550555
·
Bio-clusters
·
Stem cells
Fax (011) 46536481/46536482
46536497/46536498
·
Bioinformatics
Knowledge Summit on Nanotechnology
ASSOCHAM has formed a Nanotech Governing Council in association with DST and Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Research, Bangalore. The council conducted a Knowledge
Summit in 2006 focussing on various areas such as
·
Nanotechnology and drug delivery
·
Venture investing in nanotechnology
·
Nanoelectronics
·
Nanomaterials and target applications
INDIA R&D ECOSYSTEM
Standards
All India Council for Technical Education
Bureau of Indian Standards
4.6 Standards
4.6.1 University Grants Commission (UGC)
UGC was established in 1956 as a
statutory body of the Indian
government. It is primarily entrusted
with the task of channelizing funds
and maintaining standards in the
institutions of higher learning in
India.
Contact Details
Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New
Delhi - 110 002
India
Website
UGC
Email
webmaster@ugc.ac.in
Switchboard
+91 11 23239627
UGC is the apex body of the Government of India entrusted with the twin tasks of providing funds and coordination, determination and maintenance of standards in institutions of higher
education in India. The key objectives of UGC are the following:
·
To promote and coordinate university education in India
·
To determine and maintain the standards of teaching, examination and research in Indian universities
·
To set regulations on the minimum standards of education
·
To disburse grants to different universities and colleges under the ambit of UGC and to monitor the developments in the field of higher education
·
To serve as an important link between the union, state governments and institutions of higher learning
·
To advise the central and state governments on the measures deemed necessary for the betterment of university education
·
UGC interacts with a host of government agencies and plays a key role in policy formulations for the betterment of higher education in India.
·
An MoU has been signed between UGC and Intel India for the promotion of information and communications technology, e-learning, research and training in the higher education
system.
·
MoUs and agreements have been signed with academic bodies in other nations for collaboration in the field of education. For instance, UGC has an MoU with the German Academic
Exchange Service to increase cooperation in the field of humanities and social sciences.
·
UGC has also collaborated with industry forums such as NASSCOM to promote and sustain a skilled IT manpower base in India.
Funding mechanism
UGC receives funding from the Government of India. It is responsible for the allocation and distribution of maintenance and development grants to all central universities, colleges
affiliated to Delhi University and Banaras Hindu University, and other deemed universities.
UGC supports research initiatives on a broad range of disciplines, including humanities, social sciences, physical science, biological science and engineering.
AICTE was established in 1945 as a
national level apex body with a
mandate to plan and develop
technical education and maintain
the standard of technical education
in India.
Contact Details
7th Floor, Chanderlok Building,
Janpath
New Delhi 110 001
Website
AICTE
Email:
chairman@aicte.ernet.in
Switchboard:
+91 11 23724151-57
AICTE is a statutory body under the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India. It is responsible for the promotion of technical education in the country and acts as a
standard-setting organisation for all programmes of technical education in the country. The key objectives of AICTE are the following:
·
To plan and coordinate the development of technical education system in India
·
To promote qualitative improvement in technical education to keep pace with the planned quantitative growth
·
To plan, frame and maintain norms and standards in the technical education system
·
To achieve these aims, AICTE engages in quality assurance through accreditation; funding priority areas of education and research; monitoring and evaluation of institutes and various
schemes under its purview; and maintaining parity of certification and awards.
AICTE has nine bureaus taking care of its functional and administrative tasks. Among these, the Research and Institutional Development (RID) Bureau is involved in a variety of initiatives,
which directly or indirectly promote research in technical education. The council operates the following three research schemes:
Modernisation and Removal of Obsolescence Scheme (MODROBS): This scheme seeks to periodically upgrade the laboratories, workshops, computing facilities, etc. to overcome
obsolescence.
Research Promotion Scheme(s) (RPS): This programme supports research in engineering sciences and innovations in established and newer technologies. It also aims to facilitate the
production of more master's and doctoral degrees to augment the overall research manpower in India.
Nationally Coordinated Projects (NCP): Its mandate is to plan, co-ordinate and implement integrated R&D programmes as a collaborative effort between various national-level institutes
and industry units for social development.
In addition, RID also has various initiatives to promote interaction between the industry and the academia.
·
Industry Institute Partnership Cell (IIPC): This initiative endeavours to bridge the gap between industry practices and academic theory by providing a common platform for interaction.
For instance, it may facilitate sponsorship of industry-relevant research and consulting assignments.
·
Entrepreneurship and Development Centre (EDC): EDCs have been set up at various places in India to encourage more scientists and innovators to take up entrepreneurship.
·
National Facilities in Engineering & Technology with Industrial Collaboration (NAFETIC): This scheme seeks to collaborate with the industry to set up national facilities for research on
cutting-edge engineering science and other technology areas.
The RID has set up the following two advisory boards to help AICTE implement various schemes and programmes.
Board of Research and Institutional Development (BORID)
Board of Industry-Institute Interaction (BOIII)
Through the above-mentioned initiatives, the council maintains a robust network with the industry. AICTE has also signed agreements and MoUs with industry bodies, such as CII and
NASSCOM, in order to promote technical education in India.
The UK-India Education and Research Initiative (UKERI), funded mainly by the British government, is an attempt to increase research collaboration between the UK and India by supporting
joint research by scientists in AICTE-approved colleges in India and researchers in the UK.
For research purposes, AICTE has been coordinating with laboratories of DST and CSIR, and other research organisations.
Funding mechanism
AICTE is funded by the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India.
Various aspects of technical education are supported by AICTE, including engineering, technology, architecture, town planning, management, pharmacy, applied arts and crafts, hotel
management and catering technology, etc.
4.6.3 Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)
BIS was established in 1987 as a
national standards body replacing
the erstwhile Indian Standards
Institution.
Contact Details
Manak Bhavan,
9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg,
New Delhi - 110002
India
Website
BIS
Email
info@bis.org.in
Switchboard
+91 1123230131,
+91 1123233375,
+91 1123239402-11
BIS is the nodal agency of the Government of India for all aspects of standards in the country, including formulation and promotion of standards.
The key activities of BIS can be categorised as follows:
·
Standards: Formulation and promotion of standards is one of the key tasks of BIS. Promotion is done through programmes under Educational Utilisation of Indian Standards (EUS),
State-Level Committees (SLCs), Information in SSI (Small-Scale Industries) Facilitation Cell and various other channels.
·
Certification: BIS certifies products under the Product Certification Scheme. Various management system certifications are also granted by BIS. These include Quality Management
Systems Certification Scheme as per IS/ISO 9001:2000, Environmental Management Systems Certification Scheme as per IS/ISO 14001, etc. BIS also operates a product-certification
scheme for foreign manufacturers.
·
Laboratory services: Eight BIS laboratories located across the country provide testing services and undertake test-related activities for BIS certification of products.
·
Information services: BIS acts as the WTO/TBT enquiry point and provides technical information to the industry. It also facilitates access to BIS library to ensure dissemination of
information.
·
Training services: BIS has set up the National Institute of Training for Standardisation (NITS) at Noida, in Uttar Pradesh, to impart training on standards.
·
Consumer-related activities: BIS organises consumer awareness programmes and events such as Consumer Rights Day to enlighten the public about different aspects of standards.
International activities:
It takes part in international committees, policy groups and other similar entities as a member.
·
·
To facilitate information services for the small and medium-scale industry, BIS has established the SSI (Small-Scale Industries) Facilitation Cell.
·
BIS is a founder member of International Standards Organisation (ISO) and takes part in international standardisation activities.
·
It is involved in the activities of policy-making bodies such as the Committee on Developing Country Matters (DEVCO), the Committee on Conformity Assessment (CASCO), the
Committee on Information (INFCO) and the Committee on Consumer Policy (COPOLCO).
·
The bureau also participates in the activities of the International Electro-technical Commission (IEC).
·
It has signed MoUs in the fields of standardisation, certification and quality assurance in metrology with countries such as Germany, Russia, China, Turkey, Mauritius, Israel and Cuba.
5 R&D ACTIVITIES WITHIN INDIAN COMPANIES
Before economic liberalisation, private sector companies in India did not invest significantly in R&D. A few
notable exceptions were companies such as the Tata Group. Most R&D investments were largely made by
central and state governments, and certain public-sector enterprises. However, the post-liberalisation
period witnessed a substantial increase in R&D investments by private sector companies. The corporate
R&D intensity (R&D expenditure as a percentage of sales) increased from 0.07 percent in 1991 to 0.51
percent in 2004.
Table 8: Top 20 Indian R&D Investors by R&D Spend (200607)
COMPANY
Tata Motors Ltd.
Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd.
Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd.
The growth in R&D spend has been led by foreign multinational companies, which have both established
in-house centres in India and outsourced R&D activities to the country. However, there has been a
substantial increase in the R&D spend of Indian private sector companies as well. Indian companies from
IT, pharmaceutical and automobile sectors have started competing with foreign MNCs on a global scale
and therefore seek to increase their R&D activity to keep up with the latest technology.
5.1 Leading Indian Investors in R&D
Several large-scale Indian companies across a range of sectors, such as Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd.,
Bharat Electronics Ltd., Dr. Reddy's Laboratories, Ranbaxy Laboratories, Tata Motors and Wockhardt, have
begun investing substantially in R&D. In 200607, the total R&D expenditure of the top 20 R&D investors in
India was about INR 49.2 billion. Table 8 depicts the top 20 Indian R&D investors.
Private companies had a major share in the industrial in-house R&D expenditure in 200607. Only four
companiesHindustan Aeronautics Ltd., Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd., Bharat Electronics Ltd. and Oil &
Natural Gas Corporation Ltd.among the top 20 companies, were from the public sector. Eight among these
20 companies were from the pharmaceuticals industry. The total R&D spend of these eight companies was
INR 15.78 billion.
50
Source: India's Emergence as a Global R&D Center December 2007 Working Paper
51
Source: R&D India Newsletter
Gandhimathi Appliances Ltd.
R&D SPEND (IN INR MILLION)
CAPITAL
6,367.3
ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
CURRENT
1,601.3
TOTAL
7,968.6
Heavy Commercial Vehicles
0.0
4,957.0
4,957.0
Aircraft
974.9
3,863.3
4,838.2
Pharmaceuticals
0.0
3,782.3
3,782.3
Kitchen Appliances
1,674.0
1,573.0
3,247.0
Petroleum Products
Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd.
470.9
2,457.1
2,928.0
Pharmaceuticals
Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd.
80.0
2,440.0
2,928.0
Prime Movers
Sun Pharmaceutical Inds. Ltd.
346.5
1,536.2
1,882.7
Pharmaceuticals
Cipla Ltd.
284.1
1,473.2
1,757.3
Pharmaceuticals
0.1
1,670.0
1,670.1
Computer Software
0.0
1,668.5
1,668.5
Utility Vehicles
Reliance Industries Ltd.
Infosys Technologies Ltd.
Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd.
Ashok Leyland Ltd.
778.8
785.2
1,564.0
Heavy Commercial Vehicles
Cadila Healthcare Ltd.
269.0
1,291.0
1,560.0
Pharmaceuticals
Lupin Ltd.
109.3
1,312.1
1,421.4
Pharmaceuticals
155.
1,248.3
1,403.4
Electronics
Oil & Natural Gas Corp. Ltd.
482.7
863.6
1,346.3
Petroleum
Wockhardt Ltd.
766.5
512.1
1,278.6
Pharmaceuticals
Bajaj Auto Ltd.
473.4
676.9
1,150.3
Motorcycles
Torrent Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
381.8
739.6
1,121.4
Pharmaceuticals
Indian Petrochemicals Corp. Ltd.
214.8
889.6
1,104.4
13,829.2
35,340.3
49,169.5
Bharat Electronics Ltd.
Total
Plastics in Primary Forms
Source : R&D India Newsletter
Among the top 200 patent applicants worldwide (from January 2005 to December 2007), 22 are pure-bred
Indian organisations. Among these 22 companies, 14 are private sector firms. Table 9 depicts the top
Indian private sector companies that have published patent applications at the Indian Patent Office (IPO).
Among the companies listed in the table, nine are pharmaceutical companies. These companies
collectively have 1,372 IPO-published patent applications. Figure 15 depicts the number of patent
applications filed by different sectors in India.
Clearly, the pharmaceuticals sector has the maximum number of patent applications filed with the IPO, the
US, the EP and the PCT.
Table 9 :Top Indian Private Sector Patent Applicants (January 2005 - December 2007)
COMPANY
PUBLISHED INVENTION
Ranbaxy Laboratories
Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories
Orchid Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals
Cadila Healthcare
Cipla Ltd.
Larsen & Toubro
Sun Pharmaceutical Industries
TVS Motors
Tata Steel
Aurobindo Pharma
Tata Motors
Torrent Pharmaceuticals
Lakshmi Machine Works
Matrix Laboratories
PATENT APPLICATIONS
IPO
US
PCT
EPO
320
315
149
148
138
123
121
121
119
84
66
54
52
43
108
27
17
17
27
2
18
0
1
3
0
4
0
3
458
113
47
67
67
2
81
0
10
52
0
20
0
47
194
39
11
23
39
0
12
0
3
2
0
9
1
10
Source : Evalueserve Whitepaper Patenting Trends in India/Evalueserve Analysis
52
Source: R&D India Newsletter
Number of Patent Applications
Figure 15 : Sector-wise Number of Patent Applications
5.2 Leading Indian Patent Applicants
1400
1,372
1200
952
1000
800
600
400
339
243
224
67
200
41
6
5
3
22
6
0
Pharmaceuticals
IPO Published Applications
PCT Published Applications
IT
Automobile
US Published Applications
EPO Published Applications
Source : Intellectual Property India
5.3 Typical Areas of Research
Sectors that have witnessed significant R&D activity in recent years are as follows:
·
Information and Communications Technology Software and Hardware
·
Life Sciences Biotechnology, Pharmaceuticals and Bio Informatics
·
Engineering Manufacturing, Consumer Durables, Material Sciences and Infrastructure Construction
·
Automobiles
·
Energy and Chemicals
·
Agriculture
·
Others Space, Aviation, Defence, Nuclear Technology
The estimated R&D activity levels in these sectors are provided in Table 10.
Activity levels cover various parameters, such as R&D expenditure, the number of employees, patents,
technical publications, and product and process development. Process development is characterised by a
high level of R&D activity in all the sectors. However, product development is marked by moderate R&D
activity.
Table 9 :Top Indian Private Sector Patent Applicants (January 2005December 2007)
SECTOR/INDUSTRY
Information and Communications
Technology
Life Sciences
Engineering (includes automobiles)
Agriculture
Energy and Chemicals
Others
Industries such as Financial Services,
Education, Publishing, Social and
Natural Sciences, Humanities
BASIC
RESEARCH
APPLIED
RESEARCH
PRODUCT
DEVELOPMENT
PROCESS
DEVELOPMENT
Low
Low
Medium
High
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
High
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Low
Low
Medium
High
Source: India's Emergence as a Global R&D Center - December 2007 Working Paper
5.3.1 R&D Scenario in Pharmaceuticals Sector54
At present, major pharmaceutical companies invest approximately 610 percent of their turnover in R&D. A
part of this investment is made in discovering new chemical entities (NCEs). Indian companies started
research with regard to drug discovery in the late 1990s, and thus the R&D pipeline is still in its early
stages. It is expected to reach critical mass by 200910. Several NCEs are currently being studied under
human clinical trials. Table 11 lists the drug-discovery pipeline of various Indian pharmaceutical
companies.
The strength of Indian pharmaceutical companies lies in chemistry-driven drug discovery research
activities, such as organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry, process chemistry and analytical chemistry.
Indian researchers' strong chemistry skills, IT expertise and extensive experience, as well as the low-cost
advantage, drive large international pharmaceutical companies to locate their offshore R&D centres in the
country. Companies such as Pfizer, Novartis, Astra Zeneca and GlaxoSmithKline have already established
their R&D offshore facilities in the country.
The contract research industry has also seen tremendous growth in recent years. During the last 10 years,
several companies have restructured their business models to offer contract research services. This
industry has witnessed several tie-ups between Indian and international companies in the domain of drug
discovery and development. Various Indian companies have tied up with global players for collaborative
research in the fields of drug discovery and clinical development of NCEs. GlaxoSmithKline and Ranbaxy
have entered into a collaboration agreement for the research and development of NCEs.
Table 11 : Drug Discovery Pipeline
COMPANY
Ranbaxy
Dr. Reddy’s
Wockhardt
Nicholas Piramal
Lupin
Orchid
Torrent
Glenmark
Dabur
Biocon
53
PRECLINICAL
PHASE 1
PHASE 2
PHASE 3
5
2
0
0
0
2
19
1
29
2
3
2
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
2
1
1
1
2
0
0
0
1
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
Source: India's Emergence as a Global R&D Center December 2007 Working Paper
54
Source: Pharmaceuticals IBEFz
5.3.1.1 Biocon
Biocon is India's first biotechnology
company, that delivers
biopharmaceutical solutions. The
company's business model caters to
all the stages of the drug value
chain, from drug discovery to clinical
development to commercialisation.
Contact Details
20th KM, Hosur Road,
Electronics City,
Bangalore
India 560100
Contact Person
Dr. Kedarnath N Sastry
Chief Scientific Manager, R&D
Products and Services
Biocon manufactures biopharmaceuticals such as Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs), Biologicals, Branded Formulations and Dosage forms.
Biopharmaceuticals:
·
Anti-Diabetic Agents: Acarbose, Pioglitazone, Repaglinides, Rosiglitazone
·
Anti-Inflammatory Agents: Serratiopeptidase, Trypsin Chymotrypsin
·
Anti-Oxidants: Alpha Lipoic Acid, L-Carnitine
·
Cardiovascular Agents: Atorvastatin, Lovastatin, Pravastatin, Simvastatin, Fluvastatin, Rosuvastatin, Ezetimibe
·
Anti-Obesity Agents: Orlistat
·
Digestive-Aid Enzymes: Bile Extract, Fungal Lactase, Pancreatin, Papain, Pepsin, Amylase, Hemicellulase, Alpha Galactosidase
·
Hemostatic Agents: Ethamsylate, Tranexamic Acid
·
Hepatoprotective Agents: L-Ornithine L-Aspartate, Urso Deoxy Cholic Acid
·
Immunosuppressants: Mycophenolate Mofetil, Mycophenolic Acid Sodium, Tacrolimus, Sirolimus, Pimecrolimus, Everolimus
·
Gastro-Intestinal Agents: Prebiotics, Probiotics
·
Nutraceuticals: Chondroitin Sulphate, Glucosamine Sulphate, Iron Polymaltose Complex
APIs
·
Insulin, Erythropoietin, Filgrastim (GCSF), Streptokinase, Monoclonal Antibodies
Phone: +91 80 2808 2808
Website
www.biocon.comz
Biologicals
·
Oncology: Biomab EGFR
·
Nephrology: Erypro Safe, Tacrograf, Rapacan, Cyclophil ME, Renodapt, Renodapt-S
·
Cardiology: Statix, Statix-F, Statix-EZ, Clasprin, Telmisat, Telmisat H, Telmisat R 2.5 and 5, Zargo, Zargo H, Zigpril
·
Diabetology: Insugen R, Insugen N, Insugen 30/70, Insugen 50/50, Blisto 1 & 2, Blisto MF 1 & 2, Metadoze IPR, Piodart, Piodart MF, TriGPM, Zuker MF, Gabil, GMAB Plus, Orlisat
Dosage Forms
·
Insulin and Statin
·
The company also offers licensing, contract manufacturing and research services
5.3.1.1 Biocon
Biocon's skill base in R&D covers the domains of Microbiology and Strain Improvement, Biochemical
Engineering, Gene Cloning and Expression, Fermentation Development, Recombinant Microbial and
Mammalian Cell Culture, Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Process Development (Biologicals and Small
Molecules), Biotransformations, Biomolecular Characterisation, Oral and Parenteral Formulation
development, Clinical development and Non-clinical development.
R&D Spend
The R&D spend of the company over the last few years is as follows:
6
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
5
4
3
2
1
R&D Spend as percentage of sales
R&D Expenditure (2003–2007)
R&D Expenditure in INR Million
Area of R&D Activity
Biocon focuses its R&D activities on the three broad domains of Process Sciences, Non-clinical Research
and Clinical Research.
Process Sciences:
·
Biologicals: Development of cell lines, fermentation, purification and formulation processes and
analytical methods
·
Small Molecules: Development of pharmaceuticals for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, nephrology,
inflammatory ailments and oncology
·
Chemistry: Development of new generics by using chemical synthesis expertise (anti-infectives,
oncology, immunosuppressive)
Non-clinical Research:
·
Toxicology and Pharmacology Studies
Clinical Research:
·
Clinical Protocols for Novel Drugs
0
2003
2004
2005
Year
2006
2007
R&D Expenditure
R&D Spend as a percentage of Sales
develop, manufacture and market virulence blockers.
·
Biocon entered into a joint venture with the Cuban Institute CIMAB to form Biocon Biopharmaceuticals
Pvt. Ltd. to develop immunotherapy products.
·
Biocon and Nobex Corp., North Carolina had entered into a research collaboration to develop an oral
Location of R&D Facilities
The company's R&D activities are carried out at Bangalore.
R&D-related Joint Ventures
·
In 2007, Biocon tied up with Deakin University to develop a mammalian cell bio-processing facility.
·
In 2005, Biocon and Karolinska Institute signed an MoU to work together on research-related
initiatives.
·
Biocon and Vaccinex entered into an agreement in 2004 to develop therapeutic antibodies.
·
The company partnered with IATRICa, Inc. to develop immunoconjugates for the immunotherapy of
cancers and infectious diseases.
·
Syngene, a subsidiary of Biocon entered into an agreement with Innate Pharmaceuticals in 2006 to
insulin product for the treatment of diabetes.
Intellectual Property
Biocon has over 130 granted patents and almost 800 patent applications worldwide, covering the
technology domains of fermentation, protein purification, drug delivery systems and biotherapeutic
molecules.
5.3.1.2 Nicholas Piramal India Limited (NPIL)
Nicholas Piramal is a leading player
in India's Pharmaceutical Sector.
The company has a number of joint
ventures, alliances and
partnerships.
Contact Details
Nicholas Piramal Research Centre,
NPIL,
1 Nirlon Complex,
Off Western Express Highway,
Goregaon (East)
Mumbai 400063
Contact Person
Dr. Somesh Sharma
Chief Scientific Officer
Ram Vishwakarma
Email
rvishwakarma@nicholaspiramal.co.i
n
Phone
+91 22 3046 6666
Website
www.nicholaspiramal.com
NPIL offers a wide range of products in the following categories:
Analgesics/Anti-inflammatory, Antibiotics, Anti-fungal, Antihistamines, Antiseptics, Cardiovascular, Central Nervous System, Diabetes, Dermatology, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology,
Multivitamins/Nutraceuticals, Critical Care, Pulmonary/Respiratory, Trauma/Emergency
Domestic Formulations
Please refer to http://www.nicholaspiramal.com/pro_formulations.htm for a complete list of products under Domestic Formulations.
International Formulations
Halothane, Isoflurane, Polygeline, Tetmosol
Diagnostic and Patient Care
Lab Diagnostics Kits and Equipment
Vitamins
Human Nutrition and Health, Animal Nutrition and Health, Cosmetic Premixes
Please refer to http://www.vfcdnicholas.com/ for a complete list of products under Vitamins and Fine Chemicals.
Herbal Products
A range of poly-herbals and mono-herbals
Dosage Forms
NPIL focuses its R&D activities on the following research areas:
·
Natural Products: Metabolites from various microbes
·
Herbal Products: Medicinal leads from Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha for Oncology, Arthritis and Dermatology
·
Medicinal and Synthetic Chemistry: Lead identification and lead optimisation activities and new molecules based on Structure-Activity Relationships
·
Special Projects: Pro-drugs, which combine established drugs with other molecular combinations to enhance the original drug
·
Cheminformatics: Development of compounds databases and software tools, modelling drug-receptor and drug-drug interactions in silico, optimising drug structures and evaluating
compounds using mathematics, statistics, chemistry, biology and information technology
·
Process Development: Improvement of existing processes, development of analytical methods, validation, impurity profiling, polymorph evaluation and generation of data and
5.3.1.2 Nicholas Piramal India Limited (NPIL)
R&D Spend
Diabetes
·
Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK): Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of
drug molecules in animals
·
Molecular Biology: Gene cloning, expression and purification of therapeutic proteins, development of
cell-based assays
·
Biomarker: Development of surrogate biological markers
·
Clinical Research: Deign of clinical trial protocols, monitoring of trials, interaction with clinical
investigators and regulatory authorities and successful development and registration of a new drug
·
Drug Discovery Research: Analytical Sciences, Pharmaceutical R&D, Corporate Regulatory Affairs,
Patents and Animal House
1200
Please refer to http://www.nicholaspiramal.com/rnd_functional_areas.htm for details on NPIL's research
areas.
7
1000
6
800
5
4
600
3
400
2
200
0
NPIL places a strong focus on leveraging India's vast knowledge base in traditional medicinal systems such
as Ayurveda to source for drug-lead molecules.
The company focuses on four therapeutic areas of Oncology, Inflammation, Diabetes/Metabolic Syndrome
and Infectious diseases
8
1
2003
2004
2005
Year
2006
2007
documentation for regulatory filings.
·
Pharmacology: In vitro and in vivo screening of compounds in the areas of Oncology, Inflammation and
0
R&D Expenditure
·
Regional Research Laboratory, Jammu
·
Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow
The R&D activities of NPIL are carried out at the Nicholas Piramal Research Centre (NPRC) at Goregaon,
Mumbai. The 300,000-square-feet facility houses separate laboratories for natural products, herbal
products, medicinalsynthetic chemistry, cheminformatics, cell-based screening assays, animal
pharmacology, molecular biology, process and scale-up chemistry and pharmaceutical R&D.
The employee strength of the R&D section was recorded at 387 in 200607.
R&D-related Joint Ventures/Collaborations
NPIL has R&D partnerships with the following academic institutions and organisations:
·
Anna University, Chennai
·
Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore
·
National Institute of Immunology, Delhi
·
National Institute of Oceanography, Goa
·
Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata
The company also has collaborations with the following companies:
·
In 200607, the company signed agreements with Eli Lilly (USA) to develop a novel, patented, preclinical drug candidate and with Napo Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (USA) to develop new products.
·
In 200506, NPIL entered into a long-term contract manufacturing-related R&D service agreement with
Pfizer International LLC.
5.3.1.3 Dabur Pharma Limited
Dabur Pharma Limited offers oral
and injectable finished dosage
forms, active pharmaceutical
ingredients (APIs) and
intermediates. The company uses
the services of Dabur Research
Foundation (DRF) for its R&D
activities.
Contact Details
Dabur Research Foundation
22, Site IV,
Sahibabad
Ghaziabad 201010
Contact Person
Mr. Moloy Mitra
Dabur Pharma Limited offers the following products under the two broad divisions of APIs and dosage forms:
APIs
Anti-cancer, Drug Intermediate, Calcium Regulators, Cyto-protective, Anti-emetic, Anti-histaminic, Expectorant, Vasodilator, Nutritional Supplement, Anti-thrombotic, Analgesic, Diagnostic
aid, Muscle Relaxant, Anti-osteoporotic, Paclitaxel Injection Concentrate, Vinorelbine Injection, Carboplatin Injection, Cisplatin Injection, Etoposide Injection, Doxorubicin Hydrochloride
Injection, Cytarabine Injection, Fluorouracil Injection, Methotrexate Injection, Methotrexate Tablet, Cyclophosphamide Injection, Cyclophosphamide Tablet, Ifosfamide Injection,
Hydroxyurea Capsule, etc.
Special
Tailor-made preparations for patients, pharmacists and clinicians
Analytical
Analytical techniques for pre-formulation, formulation, manufacture and quality control of trial materials
Logistics
Logistic requirements
Contract Manufacturing
Contract manufacturing of drugs for commercial use, trials and stability studies
Phone
+91 120 437 8400
Website
www.daburpharma.com
Pre-formulations and Formulations
Extensive pre-formulation studies and formulation development involving Analytical development, Physicochemical studies, Bio pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics
Dabur Research Foundation offers contract research services in areas such as Preclinical Biology, Chemistry and Analysis, New Drug Delivery Systems, Formulation Development and
Clinical Trials.
Dabur Research Foundation offers contract research services in areas such as Preclinical Biology, Chemistry and Analysis, New Drug Delivery Systems, Formulation Development and
Clinical Trials.
Dabur Pharma focuses its R&D activities in Innovative products, Generics and Super Generics and Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs)
The R&D activities of Dabur Pharma Ltd. are carried out at the Dabur Research Foundation.
5.3.1.3 Dabur Pharma Limited
Intellectual Property
Dabur Pharma has filed 130 patents worldwide out of which 40 patents have been granted.
400
12
10
300
8
200
6
4
100
2
0
0
2004
2005
2006
Year
2007
R&D Expenditure
Research Institutions
·
·
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai
·
·
International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi
·
Cancer Research Institute, Mumbai
·
National Chemical Laboratory, Pune
·
Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad
·
Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow
·
Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad
·
Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata
·
Delhi University, Delhi
·
Hyderabad University, Hyderabad
·
Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi
·
Jamia Hamdard, Delhi
·
Jadhavpur University, Kolkata
·
Birla Institute of Technology And Science (BITS), Pilani
R&D Spend
R&D-related Joint Ventures/Collaborations
Dabur Pharma Ltd. has research collaborations with various research institutions, government laboratories
and universities.
5.3.1.4 Dr. Reddy's Laboratories
Contact Person
Dr. Rajinder Kumar,
President, R&D and Commercial
Phone
+91 040 2304 5439
Website
www.drreddys.com
Areas of R&D Activity
The company's R&D activities are focused toward the following areas:
·
Development of product formulation, process validation and bioequivalency testing for new drugs
·
Development of chemical processes for the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs)
·
Development of oncology and biotechnology products for emerging markets
·
Discovering drugs for therapeutic areas such as metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disorders, oncology and
bacterial infections
·
Modification of existing manufacturing processes for a few products
·
Development of analytical methods for products in various therapeutic areas
The company owns high-tech R&D laboratories in Hyderabad and Bangalore
In 200708, DRL signed an R&D partnership agreement with I-VEN Pharma Capital Limited (I-VEN).
In 200607, the company entered into an agreement with ClinTec International for joint development of anti-cancer
compounds.
In 200506, it finalised three major deals with Perlecan, Rheoscience and Argenta for collaborating on various
R&D activities.
R&D Spend
The estimated R&D expenditure of the company between 2004
and 2008 is depicted in the figure below:
R&D Expenditure (2004–2008E)
3500
20
3000
15
2500
2000
10
1500
1000
5
500
0
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
R&D Expenditure
2008
Contact Details
Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd.,
Bolaram Road, Miyapur, Hyderabad
500 049
The company offers a wide range of pharmaceutical products in the following areas:
·
Gastrointestinal Omez, Omez injection, Omez FF20, Omez FF40 and Omez DSR
·
Cardiovascular Stamlo (2.5, 5, 10), Stamola Beta, StamloBeta-M and Enam D
·
Pain Management Nise 100, Nise MR, Nise Gel, Nise injection, Ketoral Tab, Ketoral injection and Ketoral DT
·
Antibiotics Ciprolet (100, 250, 500, 750), Ciprolet DS, Ciprolet IV-FFS, Ciprolet AH, Eye and Ear drops, Ciprolet
XL, Ciprolet XLS and Ciprolet injection
The company owns a strategic business unit, Custom Pharmaceutical Service, works to facilitate a faster launch
of the company's products.
Dr. Reddy's Laboratories is a
globally-renowned pharmaceutical
company that offers a wide range of
pharmaceutical products.
5.3.1.5 Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited
Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd. is an
integrated, research-based
pharmaceutical company that
provides medications for a wide
range of therapeutic indications.
The company ranks among the
world's top 10 generic companies.
Contact Details
Ranbaxy R&D Centre,
Plot No. 20, Sector 18,
Udyog Vihar Industrial Area,
Gurgaon 122001
Ranbaxy manufactures and markets generic pharmaceuticals, value-added generic pharmaceuticals, branded generics, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and intermediates. It
offers approximately 5,000 SKUs in chronic and acute medicine segments. The company offers medicines for cardiovascular and central nervous system diseases, respiratory disorders,
dermatological problems, musculoskeletal diseases and urinary tract infections. In addition, it offers nutritional products.
The top 10 molecules developed by Ranbaxy are Simvastatin, Amoxy+Clav Potas Com, Amoxycillin, Ciprofloxacin, Isotretinon, Cephalexin, Ketorolac Tromethamine, Cefaclor,
Clarithromycin and Cefuroxime Axetil.
New Drug Discovery Research (NDDR) and Novel Drug Delivery Systems (NDDS) are the key research areas of Ranbaxy.
·
NDDR: Anti-infectives, inflammatory/respiratory diseases, metabolic diseases, malaria, oncology and urology
·
NDDS: NDAs/ANDAs of oral controlled-release products for regulated markets
NDDS technologies are based on multiparticulate, modified matrix, gastroretentive and aerogel platforms.
Contact Person
Udbhav Ganjoo
udbhav.ganjoo@ranbaxy.com
·
The company is also working to develop technologies for APIs, key drug intermediates, and conventional and value-added innovative dosage forms that conform to international
quality and regulatory norms.
·
The company is also researching into soft gels, dispersible and chewable tabs, gels and effervescent medicines.
Phone: +91 124 234 2001-10
·
Further, the company is involved with developing 'platform technologies' and products in NDDS.
Website
www.ranbaxy.com
·
Ranbaxy also develops herbal medications, which involves standardisation of botanical actives, and carries out toxicity and clinical studies of these drugs.
·
The company carries out extensive research on new drug molecules in select areas, such as infectious diseases, metabolic diseases, inflammatory/respiratory diseases and oncology.
·
Other R&D areas include GLP/cGCP-compliant bioavailability/bioequivalence, toxicology and clinical studies (Phase I, II and III), designing of innovative packaging and regular
advances in existing technologies and products.
The company plans to focus on the following areas in future:
Complex products such as OCRS and P-IV FTFs, and specialised areas, such as biosimilars, oncology/cytotoxics, oral contraceptives, respiratory diseases and dermatology
Enhancement of its research network and alliances worldwide
5.3.1.5 Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited
R&D Spend
·
Ranbaxy has forged an alliance with GlaxoSmithKline for two collaborative research programmes in the
anti-infective and respiratory segments.
·
In 2007, the company increased its equity stake in Zenotech Laboratories Limited (Hyderabad), from
6.94 percent to 46.95 percent, to gain access to a robust platform in biologics and speciality
injectables, including oncology products.
·
The company also inked an agreement with Jupiter Biosciences Limited (Hyderabad), which carries out
R&D activities in the therapeutic segment of peptides.
·
In 2004, Ranbaxy signed a collaborative research agreement with Avestha Gengraine Technologies Pvt.
Ltd. for NDDR.
·
It also has a collaborative research programme with Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV), Geneva.
·
The company has an R&D alliance with Anna University to identify natural product leads for type 2
diabetes and inflammatory diseases.
·
It has a collaborative programme with the National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
(NIPER) in the field of respiratory diseases.
·
Ranbaxy has research alliances with Bayer (Cipro OD Technology out licensed) and PPD, US (Statin
molecule out licensed).
·
In April 2008, the company signed a collaborative research agreement with the Department of
Biotechnology to develop medicines for tuberculosis.
·
The company has a tie-up with the Hyderabad-based Virchow Biotech Private Limited. The two
companies have jointly developed BONISTA-Teriparatide injection for the treatment of osteoporosis.56
56
Source: The Financial Express
The company has spun off its NDDR group into a separate unit, Ranbaxy Life Science Research Ltd.
5
15
4
12
3
9
2
6
1
3
0
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
R&D Expenditure
2008
Ranbaxy has a multi-disciplinary R&D centre at Gurgaon. It has separate facilities for generics research and
innovative research. The R&D centre accommodates more than 1,200 scientists.
5.3.2. R&D Scenario in IT Sector
A study released by Zinnov Consulting has suggested that Indian engineering products offshoring could
witness a sustained growth of 23 percent till 2012. There are almost 600 captive R&D centres in India,
primarily concentrated in Bangalore, Pune, National Capital Region, Hyderabad and Chennai. These centres
cater to three broad segmentssoftware product development, engineering services and embedded
systemswhich have a market of INR 250 billion.
Companies such as Infosys, Wipro and TCS are involved in significant levels of product R&D activity.
International companies have R&D agreements with various Indian market leaders. For example, ARM has
eight R&D partners in IndiaHCL, KPIT, IBM, MindTree, Sasken, TCS, Wipro and Tata Elxsi.
Figure 16 illustrates estimated revenues from engineering services, R&D and software products between
2004 and 2008.
Figure 16 : Revenues from Engineering Services, R&D and Software Products (2004 - 2008E)
300
270.24
Revenues (in USD Billion)
250
210.19
200
171.58
132.98
150
107.24
94.37
100
55.76
50
17.16
68.63
30.03
0
FY 2004
FY 2005
Revenues from Exports (in INR Billion*)
FY 2006
FY 2007
FY 2008E
Revenues from Domestic Operations (in INR Billion*)
Source : NASSCOM 2007
5.3.2.1 Infosys Technologies Ltd.
R&D Spend
Consulting Services Strategic and Competitive Analysis and Complex
Operational Changes
IT Services Application Services, Architecture Services, Independent
Validation Services, Information Management Services, Infrastructure Services,
Packaged Application Services and Systems Integration Services
Engineering Services Product Engineering, Process Engineering and Plant
Operations, and Life Cycle Management
Contact Person
Pinaki Ghosh
Principal Researcher,
SETLabs
BPO Services Business Platforms, Customer Service Outsourcing, Finance
and Accounting, Human Resource Outsourcing, Knowledge
Services/Knowledge Process Outsourcing, Legal Process Outsourcing, Order
Management and Procurement Outsourcing
Phone
+91 80 2852 0261
Finance Core Banking, e-Banking, Islamic Banking, Treasury, Wealth
Management and CRM Requirements of Retail, Corporate and Universal Banks
The company offers services to the following industries:
Aerospace and Defence, Automotive, Banking and Capital Markets,
Communications, Consumer Packaged Groups, Discrete Manufacturing,
Education, Energy, Healthcare, High Technology, Hospitality and Leisure,
Insurance, Life Sciences, Media and Entertainment, Resources, Retail,
Transportation and Utilities
1,800
1.5
1,500
1,200
1.0
900
600
0.5
300
0
0.0
2003
2004
R&D Expenditure
Website
www.infosys.com
56
Source: Financial Express
57
Source: PC Quest
* Note: The currency has been converted to
INR by using the current foreign exchange
conversion rate.
2005
2006
2007
R&D Spend as a percentage of Total Revenues
R&D Spend as percentage of Total Revenues
Contact Details
Plot No. 44 and 97A,
Electronics City,
Hosur Road,
Bangalore 560100
Infosys offers services in the domains of Consulting, IT, Engineering, BPO and
Banking.
R&D Expenditure (in INR Million)
Infosys is a leading multinational IT
and consulting company in India. It
offers services in design and
development of IT-enabled solutions
to its clients. It has a work force of
over 91,000 and 40 development
centres across the globe.
5.3.2.1 Infosys Technologies Ltd.
Software Engineering and Technology Labs (SETLabs) is the R&D section of Infosys. It carries out targeted
research in the fields of Malleable Architecture, Pervasive Access, Flexible Processes and Personalised
Information
Flexible Processes Business Process Management, Intelligent Systems, Enterprise Collaboration and
Knowledge Engineering/Ontology
Malleable Architecture Web Services, Software Architecture, Open Source and Grid Computing
Personalised Information Enterprise Content Management, Business Intelligence, Data Warehousing,
Knowledge Management, Security, Infrastructure and Legacy Systems
Pervasive Access Mobile Computing, Convergent Technologies and Sensor Networks
IS/Cost Management Outsourcing, IT Strategy, IT Management, Solution Methodologies, Regulatory
Compliance and IT Organisation Research
Technology Platforms .NET, J2EE and Linux
The company also carries out research in Engineering Methodologies, Performance Engineering, QoS and
Platform Engineering under the domain of Software Engineering.
It has a few Centres of Excellence (CoE), which focus on extending technology competence in convergence,
data warehouse and business intelligence, grid computing, J2EE, Microsoft and SOA.
Centres of Excellence (CoE)
Convergence Enterprise Mobility, Pervasive Computing and Wireless-Sensor Networks
Data Warehouse and Business Intelligence Processes for Data Warehouse Development
Grid Computing Performance and Scalability, Management and Flexibility, Infrastructure
Utilisation and Consolidation and Information Virtualisation
J2EE Java Enterprise Technology
Microsoft Collaboration with Microsoft Product Teams
Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) Methodologies, Frameworks and Accelerators to
enable scalable and customer-centric adoption of SOA and Web Services.
This information is not available.
Infosys has research collaborations with universities, institutes and technology/platform vendors to carry
out research in the fields of Software Engineering and Enterprise IT.
·
The company has a tie-up with the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore, for research in the area
of Game Theoretical Algorithms for Formation of Supply Chains.
·
It has also collaborated with the Indian Institute of Technology (Kanpur) for research on Smart RFID and
its applications to biometric devices.
·
Infosys has set up an R&D centre along with ALSTOM in Infosys's Bangalore premises to carry out
research in the high-end engineering fields, such as product development, engineering simulation,
control engineering and Product Lifecycle Management.
5.3.2.2 Wipro Technologies Ltd.
Phone
+91 80 2844 0011
Website
www.wipro.com
The company serves the following industries:
Telecom, Aerospace, Defence and Satellite, Automotive Electronics, Consumer
Electronics, Computing Systems, Industrial Automation, Medical Devices,
Printing and Digital Imaging, Semiconductors, Software Products and Storage.
R&D Spend
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Contact Details
Doddakannelli,
Sarjapur Road,
Bangalore 560035
Wipro offers the following services:
·
IT Services Application Development and Maintenance, Architecture
Consulting, B2E, Business Intelligence and Information Management,
Business Process Management, Portals and Content Management,
Enterprise Applications Services, Enterprise Security, Legacy Migration,
Package Implementation, Product Life Cycle Management, Quality
Consulting, System Integration, Enterprise Business Integration, Tandem
NonStop Application Services, Testing Services and Service-oriented
architecture. Please refer to http://www.wipro.com/itservices/index.htm
for complete details on IT services.
·
Product Engineering Solutions DSP and Multimedia, Engineering
Design Services, Hardware Design (VLSI), Product Lifecycle Management
(PLM), Product Strategy and Architecture, Product Support services,
Semiconductor IP, Tandem NonStop services, Technical Publication and
Testing.
·
Technology Infrastructure Services Managed services, Infrastructure
Consulting and Integration, Managed Security, Telecom Infrastructure,
Product Support and Business Service Management
·
Business Process Outsourcing Services Finance and Accounting,
Procurement, Loyalty Services, HR Services, Knowledge Services and
Legal Process Outsourcing
·
Consulting Services Business Consulting, Process Consulting, Quality
Consulting and Technology Consulting
Wipro, the world's first CMMi Level
5-certified software services
company, provides integrated
business, technology and process
solutions. With 53 development
centres across the globe, Wipro
generates revenues of over 500
million from R&D.
R&D Expenditure
Typically, about 3637 percent of Wipro's revenues are generated from its R&D services.
5.3.2.2 Wipro Technologies Ltd.
Wipro offers R&D services to its clients across all stages from product conceptualisation to product realisation.
The company has the following three key focus areas:
Telecommunications and Inter-networking Software and Hardware Design, Fibre Optics Communication Networks, Wireless Networks, Data Networks, Voice switching Networks
and Networking Protocols
Embedded Systems and Internet Access Devices Embedded Systems Solutions
Product Engineering Solutions Software Application Integration, Network Integration and Maintenance Services
Wipro has 53 development centres across the globe. Please refer to http://www.wipro.com/aboutus/locations.htm for a complete list of the locations.
R&D related Joint Ventures/Collaboration
5.3.2.3 Sasken Communication Technologies Ltd.
Contact Person
Pinaki Ghosh
Principal Researcher,
SETLabs
Phone
+91 80 2852 0261
Website
www.infosys.com
Sasken Wireless Protocol Stacks GSM/GPRS/EDGE/WCDMA protocol
stacks
Sasken Application Framework Flexible, platform-agnostic, scalable
software solution for rapid development of differentiated feature phones
across platforms and phone segments
Sasken Multimedia Subsystems Applications, such as Media Browser,
Media Capture, Media Player and DRM Support
R&D Spend
250
10.0
200
8.0
150
6.0
100
4.0
50
2.0
0.0
0
2003
Services
The company offers the following services:
·
IC Design services
·
Hardware Design services
·
Silicon Platform Software services
·
Hardware Testing services
·
Handset Technology services
·
Test Lab services
·
Network services
·
Offshore Development Centres
Sasken undertakes R&D activities in the following areas:
Integrated solution product line directed at the feature phone market
Multimedia codecs, applications and DSL
2.5G and 3G protocol stacks
2004
R&D Expenditure
2005
2006
R&D Spend as a percentage of Total Revenues
Sasken has modern R&D centres in India, Finland and Mexico.
India: Bangalore, Pune and Chennai
Finland: Kaustinen, Tampere, Oulu and Turku
Mexico: Monterrey
R&D related Joint Ventures
2007
Contact Details
Plot No. 44 and 97A,
Electronics City,
Hosur Road,
Bangalore 560100
Sasken offers R&D consultancy services, wireless software products and
services to network OEMs, semiconductor vendors and terminal device OEMs,
and operators across the globe.
Infosys is a leading multinational IT
and consulting company in India. It
offers services in design and
development of IT-enabled solutions
to its clients. It has a work force of
over 91,000 and 40 development
centres across the globe.
5.3.3 R&D Scenario in Automotive Sector
A considerable number of patent applications have been published by Indian companies. During the period
January 2005December 2007, TVS Group had the maximum number of patent applications (121) published
by the IPO, followed by Tata Motors (66), Bajaj Auto (29) and Mahindra & Mahindra (27). Bajaj Auto and
Mahindra & Mahindra have filed patent applications outside India (US, EP and PCT) as well.
5.3.3.1 Bajaj Auto Limited
Contact Person
Abraham Joseph,
Head of R&D section
Email
ashoksaxena@bajajauto.co.in
swalunjkar@balonmove.com
ssdeshpande@bajajauto.co.in
dkbanerjee@balonmove.com
Phone
+91 20 2747 2851
+91 20 2747 6151
Website
www.bajajauto.com
·
Bajaj Auto Ltd. has a technical tie-up with Kawasaki Heavy Industries of Japan to produce the latest two-wheelers in India.
·
It also has collaborations with Kubota and Tokyo R&D of Japan for the development of ungeared scooters and mopeds.
R&D Spend
Bajaj Auto Ltd. has made significant investments on facilities for testing and prototyping and for advanced design and analysis. The company's R&D expenditure over the past few years
was as follows:
1200
1.4
1000
1.2
1.0
800
0.8
600
0.6
400
0.4
200
0.2
0
0.0
2002–03
2003–04
R&D Expenditure
58
Source: Bajaj Auto - Annual Report 2005-06
2004–05
2005–06
2006–07
R&D Spend as percentage of Sales
Contact Details
Bajaj Auto Ltd.
Akurdi,
Pune 411035
Bajaj Auto Ltd. offers a range of motorcycles, scooters and three-wheelers.
·
Motorcycles: Bajaj manufactures six different bikesXCD 125 DTS-Si, Pulsar 220 DTS-Fi, Platina, Discover, Pulsar DTS-I and Avenger DTS-i.
·
Scooter: The company manufactures Bajaj Kristal DTS-i.
·
Three-wheelers: Bajaj offers six different models of passenger carriers/rickshawsRE 2S, RE 4S, RE 4S CNG, RE 4S LPG, RE Diesel and RE Diesel Mega, and Goods CarriersGC 1000
and Hi-Dec.
The company exports its ungeared 100 cc scooter, 100 to 200 cc motorcycles and three-wheelers175 cc Petrol/CNG/LPG Four Stroke, 150 cc Petrol/CNG/LPG Two Stroke and 416 cc Diesel.
Bajaj also has its own service stations at various locations across India.
Bajaj Auto Limited is the world's
fourth largest two-and threewheeler manufacturer. It is India's
largest exporter and has a wide
distribution network in about 50
countries.
5.3.3.2 Mahindra & Mahindra
Mahindra & Mahindra is a leading
manufacturer of multi-utility
vehicles in India. The company
offers a wide range of vehicles,
from mass-transport utility vehicles
to personal sports utility vehicles
such as Scorpio.
Contact Details
Mahindra Towers,
G. M. Bhosale Marg,
Worli,
Mumbai 400018
Contact Person
Mr. Srinivas A.,
General Manager
R&D Centre, Nashik
Email
contactus-as@mahindra.com
Phone
1800-425-1624
Website
www.mahindra.com
59
Source: Mahindra Newsletter
Source: Mahindra Bio-Diesel Programme
61
Source: Mahindra Auto Expo 2008
60
The Mahindra Group offers products and services in the areas of automobiles, engines, information technology, rural finance, engineering and stamping, and steel.
The products manufactured by Mahindra are as follows:
·
Automotive: Three- and four-wheelers, Pick-Ups, Light Commercial Vehicles, Sports Utility Vehicles and Mass Transport Utility Vehicles
·
Farm Equipment: Tractors, Engines and Farm Implements
The company offers services in the areas of Finance, Information Technology, Infrastructure Development and other Speciality businesses.
·
Trade and Financial Services: Insurance and Risk Management, Ferro Alloys and Metal Scrap, Loans and Mutual Funds, Steel and steel related services, Technical Products and
Services, Toys and Apparel
·
Information Technology: Dealership Management, Facility Management and Software Solutions
·
Infrastructure Development: Development of Infrastructure Projects, Engineering Consultancy Services, Information Security Consultancy, Integrated Business Cities, Lifetime Holidays,
Living and Working Spaces
·
Systech: Composites, Engineering Services, Forgings, Gears, Services Centres for Automotive and Electrical Steels, Sourcing of Auto Components, Stampings and Steel
·
Speciality Business: Ash Handling Equipments for Power Plants, Corporate People Movement, Defence Vehicles and Supply Chain Management
R&D Spend
The R&D expenditure of Mahindra & Mahindra was INR 4.1 million in 2006.
The company focuses its R&D activities in the field of alternate propulsion technologies.59
Mahindra & Mahindra has a state-of-the-art R&D centre at Nasik.
The company's Automotive R&D department has about 1,200 engineers and technologists.60
Mahindra & Mahindra had tied up with IITKanpur for a project on Bio-Diesel and with Indian Oil Corporation's R&D centre and Lubrizol for another Bio-Diesel programme.
The company has entered into partnerships with international companies such as Renault SA, France and International Truck and Engine Corporation, US. 61
5.3.3.3 Tata Motors Limited
Phone
+91 22 6665 8282
R&D Spend
The R&D expenditure for Tata Motors Limited for the past few years has been as follows:
Passanger Cars Indica V2, Indica V2 Turbo, Indica V2 Xeta, Indica V2 Dicor,
Indigo XL, Indigo, Indigo Marina, Indigo CS and Fiat Cars
Utility Vehicles Safari Dicor, Sumo Grande and Sumo
Trucks Medium and Heavy Commercial Vehicles Rigid Trucks (8), Tractor
Trailers (3), Tippers (5) and Applications (6); Intermediate Commercial Vehicles
(2); Light Commercial Vehicles (11); Small Commercial Vehicles (1); Tata Novus
and TL 4 X 4
Buses Starbus and Globus, and 10 other buses
Defence Vehicles Troop Carriers (8)
The company provides 24-hour customer-assistance services and an annual
maintenance contract.
Tata Motors focuses its R&D activities on product development and
environment-friendly technologies in emissions and alternative fuels. The
company carries out extensive research on CNG, LPG and bio-diesel, and other
alternative-fuel options such as ethanol blending and hydrogen.
In the area of electronics, the company focuses its R&D activities on enginemanagement systems, in-vehicle network architecture, telematics for
communication and tracking, and other emerging technologies.
The company has Engineering Research facilities in Pune, Jamshedpur and
Lucknow. The R&D team comprises of about 1,400 scientists and engineers.
·
Jamshedpur centre: This centre regularly upgrades components and
9,000
8,000
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
2003
2004
R&D Expenditure
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
2005
2006
2007
R&D Spend as percentage of Net Turnover
R&D Spend as Percentage of Net Turnover
Contact Details
Bombay House
24, Homi Mody Street
Mumbai 400001
Tata Motors offers products in the compact, midsize car and utility segments.
The company manufactures passenger cars, utility vehicles, trucks, buses and
defence vehicles.
Tata Motors is India's largest
automobile company. The company
ranks fifth in the world in the
manufacture of medium-and heavycommercial vehicles and second in
the manufacture of medium and
heavy buses.
aggregates.
·
Pune centre: The facility at Pune houses India's only certified crash-test facility and hemi-
anechoic chamber for testing of noise and vibration.
The company has the following facilities in its research centres:
·
Test Beds, Chassis Dynamometer Emission Lab, Electrodynamic Vibration Shaker Platform,
Instrumentation Laboratory for Engine Development
·
A laboratory for research on reducing emissions and achieve maximum fuel consumption
efficiencies
·
Test Tracks and Four Poster Servo-Hydraulic Test Facility for Durability Testing
·
A CAD centre for designing and styling of new products
Tata Motors has a R&D-related joint venture with Hitachi.
5.3.4 R&D Scenario in Energy and Chemicals Sector
5.3.4.1 Reliance Industries Limited
Contact Person
Dr. Vinod Dhanuk
Contact Number
Tel: +91-022-2278 5000
Website
www.ril.com
The company is involved in research and development in the oil and gas,
petrochemicals and polymer divisions. A few of the research activities are in
the following areas:
·
Synergistic PP clarifiers
·
Energy-efficient process for a portfolio of ultra-high molecular weight
grades
·
Development of new-generation paraffin dehydrogenation catalysts (RPDC10)
·
Commercialisation of new-generation para diethyl benzene catalysts
·
Development of catalysts for hydrogenation of acetylene in HCL stream
·
Development of noble-metal-based catalysts for pet plants
·
High-impact polystyrene grade polybutadiene rubber
·
Adsorptive process for recovery of monomers
·
Optimisation of oxychlorination reactor and modelling of ethylene
dichloride cracker
·
Development of low-abrasive full-dull yarns for high-speed texturising
·
Development of Recron Rainbow
·
Development of Relcot for moisture management fabrics
·
Commercialisation of bi-component pilot plant
R&D Spend
The company's R&D expenditure is depicted in the figure below:
R&D Expenditure (2003–2008E)
3,500
0.30
3,000
2,500
0.25
0.20
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08E
R&D Expenditure
R&D Speed as Percentage of Sales
Contact Details
Reliance Industries Ltd.,
Makers Chambers-IV,
Nariman Point,
Mumbai 400 021
Reliance Industries Limited offers a wide range of products in the following
categories:
·
Petrochemicals (polymers) Repol, Relene, Reon and Relpippe
·
Petroleum Products Transport fuel, including fuel for the aviation industry,
and domestic fuel
·
Textiles Fabrics and Furnishings
The company's operations and service offerings can be broadly classified into
three groups.
·
Petroleum Refining and Marketing
·
Petrochemicals
·
Oil and Gas Exploration and Production
R&D Expenditure (in INR million)
Reliance Industries Limited is India’s
largest private sector company. It
emerged as the second-largest
company from India to feature in the
2007 Fortune Global 500 listing of
the world’s largest corporations.
R&D Spend as Percentage of Sales
·
Research and technological developments in the fields of nanocomposites, polymer
processing, next-generation packaging materials, high-value chemicals, biodegradable
polymers and polymer additives
·
The company has a Polymer Research and Technology Centre (PRTC), which is involved in R&D
in the field of polymers. Please visit http://www.ril.com/html/business/polymers_prtc2.html
for details of R&D activities in the field of polymers.
RIL's R&D facilities are located in Vadodara and Hazira Gujarat, Nagpur and Patalganga,
Maharashtra and Hoshiarpur, Punjab
RIL's Polymer Research and Technology Centre carries out a number of projects in the field of
polymers in collaboration with various academic institutions. It has signed research alliance
agreements with institutions such as IITs (Mumbai, Delhi and Chennai), NCL, V-Life Sciences
(Pune), UICT (Mumbai) and Stanford University (USA). The company has collaborated with Sir
Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology and IIT Mumbai to train science graduates to meet its
R&D needs.
5.3.4.2 Suzlon Energy Ltd.
Suzlon Energy Ltd. offers wind
energy solutions. The company
stands fifth in the world in the
manufacturing of wind turbines.
Contact Details
Suzlon Energy Ltd.,
2nd and 5th floor,
Godrej Millennium,
9 Koregaon Park Road, Pune,
India
Contact Person
Pradeep Kumar,
Global Chief Technology Officer
Contact Number
+91 020 4012 2000
Website
www.suzlon.com
The company provides innovative, efficient and customised wind power
solutions to meet the ever-increasing demands of economic development
without harming the environment.
It provides a wide range of customised wind turbine models, ranging from 350
KW to 2.1 MW, catering to different climatic conditions. A few models are
listed as follows:
·
S52600 KW Makes use of micro pitch technology, advanced controls and
highest hub height
·
S821.20 MW Makes use of micro-pitch technology, high-performance
gearbox and advanced yaw system
R&D Spend
Data pertaining to the company's R&D expenditure was not available.
Suzlon's R&D programme focuses on the following areas:
·
Development of next-generation wind power solutions, which are more
cost effective and reliable
·
Development of customised product portfolios to meet various and
changing needs
·
Development of technologies to reduce the end cost of power from wind,
in cost-per-KW/h terms
·
Collection of data for designing and development of wind turbines.
The company's R&D facilities are located in Germany, The Netherlands,
Belgium and India.
Data pertaining to the company's R&D-related joint ventures was not available.
5.3.5 R&D Scenario in the Consumer Goods Sector
5.3.5.1 Dabur India Ltd.
Phone:
+91 120-4378601 (Board)
R&D Spend
The R&D expenditure of the company between 2004 and 2007 is depicted in the figure below.
70
0.5
60
50
0.4
0.3
40
30
20
10
0
0.2
0.1
0.0
2004–05
R&D Expenditure
Website
www.dabur.com
The company conducts R&D in the following domains:
·
Personal Care Products Developing ayurvedic products for lifestyle-related
ailments
·
Analytical Studying and testing active chemicals
·
Synthetic Chemistry Developing new molecules and intermediates
·
Food Research Developing healthy and natural products
·
Home Care Segment Developing new products in different categories,
such as repellents, air care and cleansers
The company has a separate division, Dabur Research Foundation, which
carries out its R&D activities. It is located at Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh.
The R&D facility for personal care products is located at Silvassa, Dadra and
Nagar Haveli, while that for food and home care products is located at
Sahibabad, Uttar Pradesh.
2005–06
2006–07
Contact Details
Dabur Research Foundation,
22, Site IV, Sahibabad,
Ghaziabad,
Uttar Pradesh 201 010
Dabur India Ltd. provides a comprehensive range of products in healthcare,
personal care and food segments. These are detailed as follows:
·
Health Supplements Dabur Chyawanprash and Glucose-D
·
Digestives Hajmola and Pudin Hara
·
Natural Curatives Shilajit Gold, Nature Care, Sat Isbagol and Sarbyna
Strong
·
Baby Care Dabur Lal Tail and Dabur Janma Ghunti
·
Home Care Odomos, Odonil, Odopic and Sani Fresh
·
Personal Care Hair Care: Vatika range of shampoos and hair oil, and Amla
Hair Oil; Face Care: Vatika Fairness Face Pack, Vatika Saffron Glow Soap
and Gulabari; Oral Care: Dabur Red, Meswak, Babool, Promise, etc.
·
Ayurvedic Specialities Dabur Rheumatil Gel, Trifgol, Lipistat, Broncorid,
Madhuvaani, etc.
Dabur India Ltd. is a leading
consumer goods company. It
operates through over 5,000
distributors and more than 1.5
million retail outlets all across India.
The company has research collaborations with the following institutes and
laboratories:
·
·
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai
·
International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi
·
National Chemical Laboratory, Pune
·
Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad
·
Shri Dhanwantry Educational Society, Chandigarh
5.3.6 R&D Scenario in the Telecom Sector
5.3.6.1 Himachal Futuristic Communications Ltd.
Website
www.hfcl.com
The company provides services in the following areas:
·
Optical Transmission Services that have greater bandwidth capacity, IP,
frame relay, ATM, ethernet and TDM/voice
·
Wireless Transmission Solutions to meet the ever-increasing demands
pertaining to mobile cellular networks, last mile access, private-and
disaster-recovery networks
·
Wireless Access To deliver high-speed and high-capacity video, voice and
data services
·
Wireline Access To deliver high-speed data across a wide range of
geographical areas
·
Optical Fibre Cable Solutions in the domain of optical fibre networks
Please visit http://www.hfcl.com/product_opticalfibre.html for details on the
solutions provided by HFCL.
R&D Spend
The R&D spend of the company is depicted in the figure below.
400
10.0
8.0
300
6.0
200
4.0
100
2.0
0
0.0
2003–04
2004–05
R&D Expenditure
2005–06
2006–07
Contact Details
Not available
HFCL is largely involved with manufacturing transmission and access
equipment, optical fibre cables and terminal equipment. A few of the
company's products are the following:
·
Bandwidth-related technology products STM-1, STM-4, STM-16, DXC and
DWDM
·
PDH Microwave Wireless Transmission Equipment
·
Wireless Access Products coDECT, GSM, CDMA and local multipoint
distribution system
·
Optical Line Terminals PDH and SDH hierarchies
·
Access Equipment DLC, digital multiplexers and Fleximux
·
Switch Mode Power Supplies
·
Wireline Access Products xDSL and DIAS
Himachal Futuristic Communications
Ltd. is a fast-growing telecom
equipment manufacturing company
based in India.
5.3.6.1 Himachal Futuristic Communications Ltd.
By undertaking extensive R&D activities, the company seeks to develop products and services at significantly lower prices.
The key areas of R&D activity are as follows:
·
Development of an optical multi-service access network to cater to an increasing subscriber density in the telecom sector
·
Development of an intensive broadband interface to provide value-added broadband data services
·
Development of next-generation networks based on packet technology
·
Development of local access equipment for existing local exchange carriers, competitive local exchange carriers and greenfield operators to meet the emerging needs of triple-play
servicesdata, voice and video
·
Development of Centrex and other telecom services over OSA/Parley architecture and intelligent network
·
Development of IPRs, providing solution/VAS/consultancy system integration and professional services to network operators and third-party partners.
HFCL has a Centre for Excellence in Telecom Research and Development that promotes the R&D activities of the company. The company's design and development division has over 100
engineers. The company's R&D facility is located in Goa and is recognised by the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India.
·
To introduce the latest technologies in India at low prices, the wireline division of the company works in collaboration with international telecom companies such as Marconi,
UTStarcom and Huawei.
·
The company has also inked agreements with technical institutes such as IIT Chennai and IISc Bangalore.
5.3.7 R&D Scenario in the Engineering Sector
5.3.7.1 Moser Baer
Phone
+91 11 4163 5201
Website
www.moserbaer.in
Its product offering has been detailed below.
·
Storage Optical Media Products Pro CD Recordable, Pro CD RW, Mini CD
Recordable, Moser Baer Gold, Moser Baer Platinum, IJP, Digital Versatile
Discs (DVD R), Rewritable Digital Versatile Discs (DVD+RW), DVD+RDL,
Mini DVD, DVD Platinum and LightScribe-enabled Media
·
Photovoltaics Crystalline silicon cells and modules
·
Entertainment Distribution of movies, and film production and distribution
·
IT Peripherals and Consumer Electronics Optical mouse, keyboards,
headphones, optical disc drives and DVD players
Moser Baer lays great emphasis on research and development. The company
carries out research activities to improve the quality of its products and yield,
and reduce its production costs.
R&D Spend
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
2003–04
2004–05
R&D Expenditure
2005–06
2006–07
Contact Details
Moser Baer India Ltd.,
438, Okhla Industrial Estate,
New Delhi 110020
The company provides products and services in diversified areas, such as solar
energy, home entertainment, IT peripherals and consumer electronics.
Moser Baer is a leading multitechnology organisation
headquartered in India. The firm
ranks second in the world in the
manufacturing of optical storage
media products.
·
The company has partnered with Hewlett Packard Co. for the development and
manufacturing of LightScribe discs.
A few of its R&D-focused activities are as follows:
·
Development of new formats such as BDRE(rewritable) high-density optical
media, BDR H2L 1x-2x, BDR H2L 1x-2x, BDR H2L 8x, and HD DVD singlelayer media and double-layer media
·
Development of new products such as DVD+RW 8x, DVD-RW 1x-2x Mini
·
RW, CDR/DVD R LightScribe version 1.2 and Special Printable process
·
Carrying our playability tests, print evaluation, format verification, and DVD
and Blue-ray disc tests
The company has an in-house R&D department, which is recognised by the
Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India.
·
The company has joint ventures with the Philips-owned OM&T BV for optical R&D and
photovoltaic production.
·
In 2006, the company collaborated with Banaras Hindu University's Institute of
Technology for carrying out R&D in the areas of optical storage media and photovoltaics.
5.3.7.2 Larsen and Toubro Limited
Phone
+91 22 6752 5856
Website
www.larsentoubro.com
The company also offers products to the following segments:
·
Electrical and Electronic Products and Systems Switchgear products,
electrical systems, metering solutions and relays, medical equipment,
control and automation products, petroleum dispensers and systems, and
tooling solutions
·
Machinery Valves and Industrial Consumables
The company also has the following service offerings:
·
Construction Building projects, infrastructure, engineering services,
specialised services and international projects
·
IT and engineering services
·
Finance Infrastructure finance and equipment finance
R&D Spend
The R&D expenditure of the company between 2004 and 2007 is depicted in
the figure below.
600
0.4
500
0.3
400
300
0.2
200
0.1
100
0
0.0
2004–05
R&D Expenditure
2005–06
The key areas in which the company conducts research and development are the following:
·
Production of hydro-mechanical press units for passenger car tyres
·
Production of first-stage passenger car/LCV radial-building machine
·
Development of new manufacturing processes and innovative equipment
·
Production of wind mill castings
·
Development of Surface Miner Model KSM 223 for coal application
·
Development of new products in the defence equipment sector
·
Upgrading existing products and production of new variants
·
Development and standardisation of mechanical designs for cement kilns and ball mills
·
Further development of indigenous technologies in areas, such as marine hydrodynamics,
weapon ballistics, gun upgrades, digital signal processing and brushless DC drives
·
Implementation of mechanical pile slice instead of welded joints for precast segmented
piles
·
Development of ultrasonic testing methodology
The company has two engineering design research centres that are located in Chennai and
Kolkata.
2006–07
Data pertaining to the company's R&D-related joint ventures was not available.
Contact Details
Larsen and Toubro Ltd.,
L&T House, N. M. Marg, Ballard
Estate,
Mumbai 400011
The company offers products to the following industries:
Engineering Products and Systems Refinery, oil and gas, petrochemicals,
fertilisers, coal gasification, aerospace, thermal power plant, nuclear power
plant, defence and cement
L&T is one of the largest technology,
engineering, construction and
manufacturing companies operating
in India's private sector.
5.3.7.3 Escorts Limited
E-mail
kpo@escorts.co.in
Phone:
+91 012 9225 0222
Website
www.escortsgroup.com
The company offers world-class infrastructure and technical services in the
following areas:
·
Computer-aided design
·
Computer-aided engineering
·
Industrial design styling
·
Reverse engineering
·
Metrology
·
Fatigue testing
·
Engine testing
·
Materials engineering
·
Field data acquisition
·
Noise, vibration and harshness testing
·
Tractor testing
R&D Spend
200
3.0
150
2.0
100
1.0
50
0
0.0
2001-02
2002-03
R&D Expenditure
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
R&D spend as Percentage of Sales
Contact Details
The Escorts Group,
15/5, Mathura Road, Faridabad 121
003
The company provides a diverse range of products, as listed below.
·
Tractors Farmtrac, Powertrac and Escorts
·
Engines G15, G20, G25 and G30
·
Implements and Trailers Spring Tyne Tiller, Rigid Tyne Tiller, 12 Disc Offset
Disc Harrow, 12 Disc Tandem Harrow, 2-bottom Mb Plough, 3-bottom Disc
Plough, Rotary Tillers and Rectangular Bailer
·
Lubricants Farmtrac Genuine Engine Oil, Farmtrac Genuine Gear Oil,
Powertrac Genuine Engine Oil and Powertrac Genuine Gear Oil
·
Construction Equipment Hydraulic mobile cranes, 360-degrees slew
cranes, compactors, forklifts and articulated boom Cranes
·
Railway Equipment Shock absorbers, air brakes, electro pneumatic brake
system, rail fastening system, direct admission valves, air brake
accessories and automatic twist locks
·
Auto Components Escorts' products in this range cater to the needs of
OEMs of passenger cars, commercial vehicles, multi-utility vehicles,
motorcycles, scooters and mopeds.
Escorts Limited is a leading
engineering company based in India.
It plays a key role in agri-machinery,
construction and material handling,
railway equipment and auto
components segments.
2006-07
The basic research areas of the company are as follows:
·
Production of fuel-efficient four-cylinder engine tractor and heavy-duty epicyclic reduction
transmission
·
Tractor cooling through computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
·
Tier-3 TCL engines for export purposes
·
Combustion optimisation for enhanced fuel efficiency
·
Heavy-duty hydraulic lift
·
Noise reduction through sandwich composite materials
·
Chassis dynamometers for multiple uses
·
Transmission reliability test rig
·
Multiple valve cylinder head engine
·
Data acquisition for design optimisation
·
Restyling with the aim of NVH reduction
5.3.7.4 Videocon Industries Limited
The Videocon Group has emerged as
an INR 107.3 billion (USD 2.5 billion)
global conglomerate. The company
provides products and services in
consumer durables, and oil and gas
sectors.
The company's products can be broadly categorised under four key sectors as follows:
·
Consumer Durables Colour televisions, washing machines, air conditioners, refrigerators and microwave ovens
·
Display Industry and Components Slim CPT, extra-slim CPT and High-definition 16:9 format CPT
·
Colour picture tube glass
·
Oil and Gas The company produces 50,000 barrels of oil per day at its Ravva oil field.
Contact Details
Videocon Industries Ltd.
14 Kms Stone,
Aurangabad-Paithan Road,
Chitegon, Tq. Paithan,
District Aurangabad
431 105
R&D Spend
Data pertaining to the R&D expenditure of the company was not available.
Email
contactus@videoconmail.com
Phone
+91 2431-251 501/02/03/04
Website
www.videoconworld.com
The company's R&D activities in the consumer durables sector are focused on product development, cost reduction, quality improvement, and process implementation and control.
The company exerts its R&D efforts towards the following:
·
Home Theatre Systems High-end and HTIB models
·
Televisions Large screen TV, flat TV, plasma TV, multimedia TV and designing of TVs
·
Manufacturing of components for CTVs, refrigerators and air conditioners
·
Reduction of power consumption of its final products
·
Manufacturing of components for consumer electronics products
·
Launch of new brands and sub-brands under the Videocon umbrella
·
Composite home entertainment systems with internal adaptability
·
Providing better features and quality, and improved reliability along with reduced prices
The company has an in-house research and development centre located at Aurangabad.
Data pertaining to the R&D-related joint ventures of the company was not available.
5.3.7.5 Voltas Limited
Contact Details
Voltas House,
A Block,
Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar Road,
Chinchpokli,
Mumbai 400 033
Phone
+91 22 6665 6666
Website
www.voltas.com
Voltas has been carrying out research and development activities in the
engineering sector.A few of the specific areas of its R& D are the following:
·
Development of high co-efficient of performance (ICOP) vapour absorption
machine (VAM)
·
Development of VAM for brine chilling
·
Development of co-generation VAM
·
Development of energy-efficient and eco-friendly insulation systems for
commercial refrigeration products
·
Re-designing of automated foaming fixtures for commercial refrigeration
applications
·
Development of computerised online performance testing systems to
ensure consistency in product quality
·
Production of indigenous power shift transaxles for 3-tonne capacity
forklift trucks
·
Production of belt conveyors of up to 200 TPH capacity
·
Production of trailers
Data pertaining to the R&D facilities of the company was not available.
Data pertaining to the R&D-related joint ventures of the company was not
available.
R&D Spend
Thez&D expenditure of the company between 2003 and 2007 is depicted in the figure below.
16
0.70
12
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
8
4
0
2003–04
2004–05
R&D Expenditure
2005–06
2006–07
The company's operations can be classified into four categories.
·
Electrochemical Projects and Services Electrical, mechanical and
refrigeration solutions, and water management and treatment
·
Engineering Products and Services Textile machinery, mining and
construction equipment, machine tools, and materials handling solutions
·
Unitary Cooling Products Cooling appliances and commercial refrigeration
·
Others Chemical trading.
Voltas Limited is involved in the
manufacturing, marketing and
servicing of engineering products. It
offers solutions for various
industries, such as heating,
ventilation and air-conditioning,
refrigeration, electromechanical
projects, textile machinery, machine
tools, mining and construction
equipment, materials handling,
water management, building
management systems and
chemicals.
6 APPENDIX
6.1 IITs Bilateral Collaborations and Interactions with other Players
Please refer to http://www.iitd.ernet.in/ird/collab.html for the complete list of collaborations/associations
of IIT Delhi.
Please refer to http://www.ircc.iitb.ac.in/webnew/ for the list of collaborations of IIT Bombay.
Please refer to http://www.iitg.ernet.in/research/resschemes.html for the complete list of collaborations
for IIT Guwahati.
Please refer to http://www.iitr.ernet.in/research/ for the complete list of collaborations for IIT Roorkee.
6.2 IITs Funding Mechanism
Please refer to http://www.iitd.ernet.in/ird/agencies.html for the list of funding agencies of IIT Delhi.
Please refer to http://www.ircc.iitb.ac.in/webnew/ for the list of funding agencies of IIT Mumbai.
Please refer to http://www.iitkgp.ac.in/sric/sponsors.php for the list of sponsors of IIT Kharagpur.
Please refer to http://www.iitk.ac.in/dord/DORD/2005_2007.pdf for the funding agencies of IIT Kanpur.
Please refer to http://www.iitg.ernet.in/research/resschemes.html for the list of funding agencies of IIT
Guwahati.
For the list of sponsors of IIT Roorkee, please refer to
http://www.iitr.ernet.in/research/pages/SRIC+Major_Sponsored_Research_Projects.html.
6.3 List of Autonomous Institutions under DST
The various autonomous institutions under DST which are involved in the R&D and industrial activities are
provided below.
Agharkar Research Institute, Pune Link
Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational-Sciences, Nainital Link
Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, Lucknow Link
Bose Institute, Kolkata Link
Centre for Liquid Crystal Research, Jalahalli, Bangalore Link
Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata Link
International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials, Hyderabad Link
Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore Link
Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Mumbai Link
Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore Link
National Accreditation Board for Testing & Calibration Laboratories, New Delhi Link
Raman Research Institute, Bangalore Link
S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata Link
Sreechitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram Link
Technology Information, Forecasting & Assessment Council (TIFAC), New Delhi Link
Vigyan Prasar, New Delhi Link
Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun Link
1.4 List of Autonomous Institutions under DBT
The following institutions under DBT are involved in research on biotechnology:
Autonomous Institutes
Centre For DNA Fingerprinting And Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad
Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Imphal, Manipur
Institute of Life Sciences, Bhuvaneswar
National Institute Of Immunology, New Delhi
National Centre For Plant Genome Research (NCPGR), JNU, New Delhi
National Brain Research Centre (NBRC), Gurgaon
National Centre for Cell Sciences (NCCS), Pune
Public Sector Undertakings
Bharat Immunological and Biological Corporation Limited, Bulandshahar
Indian Vaccines Corporation Limited, Gurgaon
In addition to the above institutions, there are many other facilities for research purposes under the ambit
of DBT.
6.5 Abbreviations used in the report
AAS
Agromet Advisory Service
AERB
Atomic Energy Regulatory Board
AIBA
All India Biotech Association
AIIMS
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
AMFU
Agrometeorological Forecasting Units
APCTT
Asian and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology
ARDB
Aeronautical Research Development Board
ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations
ASSOCHAM
The Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India
BARC
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
BIM
Bismaleimide resin
BIPP
Biotechnology Industry Partnership Program
BIRAC
Biotechnology Industry Research & Development Assistance Council
BPFC
Biotechnology Patent Facilitating Cell
BPU
Bio-processing Unit
BRNS
Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences
BRPC
Biotechnology Research Promotion Committee
BSE
Bombay Stock Exchange
BTIS
Biotechnology Information System
CAGR
Compound Annual Growth Rate
CCE
Centre for Continuing Education
CDC
Consultancy Development Centre
CEERI
Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute
CEL
Central Electronics Limited
CII
Confederation of Indian Industry
CIOB
Central Indian Ocean Basin
CITT
Centre for International Trade in Technology
CMLRE Centre for Marine Living Resources and Ecology
CoE
Centre of Excellence
COMAPS Coastal Ocean Monitoring and Prediction System
CORE
Centres of Relevance and Excellence
CPP
Consultancy Promotion Programme
CSIC
Centre for Scientific and Industrial Consultancy
CSIR
Council for Scientific and Industrial Research
CSSP
Centre for Sponsored Schemes and Projects
CTM
DAE
DBT
DICs
DIPP
DoS
DRDO
DSIR
DST
DWR
EEZ
EO
ESO
FABA
FAIR
FAST
FBRs
FCIPT
FICCI
FITT
GITA
GOI
GSLV
HBNI
HEP
IAS
IAVI
ICGEB
ICMAM
ICMR
ICT
IIFT
IIIT
IIM
IIT
Centres for Technology Management
Distributed Information Centres
Department of Industrial Policy & Promotion
Department of Space
Defence Research and Development Organisation
Doppler Weather Radar
Exclusive Economic Zone
Earth Observation
Earth System Organisation
Federation of Asian Biotech Associations
Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research
Fund for Accelerating Start-ups in Technology
Fast Breeder Reactors
Facilitation Centre for Industrial Plasma Technologies
The Foundation for Innovation and Technology Transfer
Global Innovation & Technology Alliance
Government of India
Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle
Homi Bhabha National Institute
High Energy Physics
Indian Administrative Officer
International AIDS Vaccine Initiative
International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
Integrated Coastal and Marine Area Management
Indian Council of Medical Research
Information and Communication Technology
Indian Institute of Foreign Trade
Indian Institutes of Information Technology
Indian Institute of Management
IITM
Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology
ILC
International Linear Collider
IMD
India Meteorological Department
INAE
Indian National Academy of Engineering
INCOIS Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services
INDOMOD Indian Ocean Modelling and Dynamics
INO
India-based Neutrino Observatory
INR
Indian rupee
INSAT
Indian National Satellite System
IOC
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission
IOGOOS Indian Ocean Indian Ocean Global Ocean Observing System
IP
Intellectual property
IPEA
International Preliminary Examination Authority
IPM & TTOIntellectual Property Management and Technology Transfer Offices
IPR
Intellectual property rights
IRC
International Relations Cell
IRCC
Industrial Research & Consultancy Centre
IRDPP
Industrial R&D Promotion Programme
ISA
International Search Authority
ISRO
Indian Space Research Organisation
IT
Information Technology
IT-eG
Information Technology & e-Governance
ITTP
International Technology Transfer Programme
IUAC
Inter-University Accelerator Centre
IUCAA
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics
IUC-DAEF Inter-University Consortium of DAE Facilities
JEE
Joint Entrance Examination
KVPY
Kishore Vaigyanik Protsahan Yojana
LHC
Large Hadron Collider
MoES
MoU
Memorandum of Understanding
NARI
National AIDS Research Institute
NASSCOM
NATMO National Atlas And Thematic Mapping Organisation
NCAOR National Centre for Antarctic & Ocean Research
NCCS
National Centre For Cell Science
NCMRWF National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting
NCSTC National Council for Science & Technology Communication
NDBP
National Data Buoy Programme
NEB
National Entrepreneurship Board
NIOT
National Institute of Ocean Technology
NIT
National Institute of Technology
NKC
National Knowledge Commission
NMITLI New Millennium Indian Technology Leadership Initiative
NNRMS National Natural Resources Management System
NRDC
National Research Development Corporation
NRDMS Natural Resources Data Management System
NRSA
National Remote Sensing Agency
NSE
National Stock Exchange
NSTMIS National Science & Technology Management Information System
OASTC Ocean and Atmospheric Science and Technology Cells
OIB
Ocean Information Bank
OSF
Ocean State Forecast
OSTI
Ocean Science and Technology for Island
PFC
Patent facilitation Centre
POGO
Partnership for Observation of Global Ocean
PPP
Public Private Partnership
PRL
Physical Research Laboratory
PSLV
Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
PSUs
Public Sector Undertakings
PUSHEP Pykara Ultimate Stage Hydro Electric Project
REACH (Mission REACH)
Relevance and Excellence in Achieving new heights in educational
institutions
RESPOND Sponsored Research Programme
RIB
Radioactive Ion Beam
ROV
Remote Operable Vehicle
S&T
Science and Technology
SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
SAC
Scientific Advisory Committee
SATCORE Satellite Coastal and Oceanographic Research
SBIRI
SC/ST
SERC
SEZ
SID
SIRO
SME
SRIC
SROSS
SSP
STCs
STEPAN
STPI
TBI
TCS
TDB
TDDP
TDIP
TDM
TDPU
TDUPW
TEDO
TePP
TIFAC
TIFP
TIFR
TLD
TMP
TRIPS
UGC
UICT
UNCTAD
UNDP
UNESCAP
UNESCO
Small Business Innovation Research Initiative
Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes
Science and Engineering Research Council
Special Economic Zone
Society for Innovation and Development
Scientific and Industrial Research Organisations
Small and Medium Enterprises
Sponsored Research and Industrial Consultancy
Stretched Rohini Satellite Series
Science and Society Program
Space Technology Cells
Science & Technology Policy Asian Network
Software Technology Parks of India
Technology Business Incubator
Tata Consultancy Services
Technology Development Board
Technology Development & Demonstration Programme
Technology Development and Innovation Programme
Technology Development Missions
Technology Promotion, Development and Utilisation
Technology Development Utilisation Programme for Women
Technology Export Development Organisation
Technopreneur Promotion Programme
Technology Information, Forecasting and Assessment Council
Technology Information Facilitation Programme
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
Thermoluminescence Dosimetry
Technology Management Programme
Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights
University Institute of Chemical Technology
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
United Nations Development Programme
United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation
UNIDO
VRCs
VSSC
VT-PDMS
WIPO
XFEL
United Nations Industrial Development Organisation
Village Resource Centres
Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre
Vinyl Terminated Poly Dimethyl Siloxane
World Intellectual Property Organisation
X-Ray Laser Project
6.6 URLs of Sources
N O.
SOURCE NAME
SOURCE URL
14.
Business Line 2008
http://www.blonnet.com/2008/03/07/stories/2008030751931000
.htm
15.
Zee News 2007
http://www.zeenews.com/articles.asp?rep=2&aid=321533&sid=N
AT&ssid
16.
SciDev.Net
http://www.scidev.net/en/opinions/indian-patent-bill-let-s-notbe-too-hasty.html
1. Unleashing India's
Innovation - 2007 The
World Bank
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/SOUTHASIAEXT/Resources/2
23546-1181699473021/38767821191373775504/indiainnovationfull.pdf
2. India Budget
http://indiabudget.nic.in/ub2008-09/eb/vol2.htm
3. Financial Express 2008
http://www.financialexpress.com/news/India-lags-China-inRampD-spending-Sibal/283583/
17.
Business Line March 2008
http://www.blonnet.com/2008/03/03/stories/2008030351530300
.htm
4. Financial Express 2008
http://www.financialexpress.com/news/India-lags-China-inRampD-spending-Sibal/283583/
18.
Planning Commission Report
S&T 2007
http://planningcommission.nic.in/aboutus/committee/strgrp11/str
11_sandt.pdf
5. Global R&D Report 2007 Battelle
http://www.rdmag.com/pdf/RD79GlobalReport.pdf
19.
ITER
http://www.iter.org/
20.
Nerve
http://www.nerve.in/news:2535002381
6. Planning Commission Report
S&T 2007
http://planningcommission.nic.in/aboutus/committee/strgrp11/st
r11_sandt.pdf
21.
Frost and Sullivan
http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/summitsdetails.pag?eventid=128527912
22.
Financial Express June
2008
http://www.financialexpress.com/news/Signs-onscience/323176/
23.
The Hindu April 2008
http://www.danone.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=vi
ew&id=146&lang=en&Itemid=333
24.
Hindustan Times April 2008
http://www.hindustantimes.com/Homepage/Homepage.aspx
25.
Financial Express April
2008
http://www.financialexpress.com/news/Indian-R&D-is-theworlds-new-flavour/294738/
26.
India Today
http://www.indiatoday.com/itoday/20070604/cs-engineer.html
27.
India Today
http://www.indiatoday.com/itoday/20070604/cs-engineer.html
28.
Technology
http://dst.gov.in/
29.
http://www.dod.nic.in/
7. Evalueserve Primary
Research
8. Intellectual Property India
9. Livemint 2008
10. Hindu Business Line 2005
http://ipindia.gov.in/cgpdtm/AnnualReport_2005_2006.pdf
http://www.livemint.com/2008/01/21235843/4233E30E-2EA54549-90AF-AFAA5634558FArtVPF.pdf
http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2005/09/23/stories/20050
92300911000.htm
11. Evalueserve Primary
Research
12. Business Standard 2008
13. India Education News 2008
http://www.businessstandard.com/common/news_article.php?leftnm=3&autono=3184
54
http://indiaedunews.net/delhi/IPR_Cell_setup_at_Delhi_Universi
ty_5865/
30. NSTEDB
http://www.nstedb.com/index.htm
48. KSCSTE
http://www.kscste.kerala.gov.in/
31. TDB
http://www.tdb.gov.in/default.html
49. NASSCOM
http://www.nasscom.in/
32. PRC
http://www.pfc.org.in/index.htm
50. NASSCOM
http://www.nasscom.in/Nasscom/templates/LandingPage.aspx?id
=5721
33. FIST
http://www.fist-dst.org/index.asp
34. Department of Scientific
and Industrial Research
http://www.dsir.nic.in/
51. India's Emergence as a
Global R&D Center Dec 07
Working Paper
R&D India Newsletter
http://www.itps.se/Archive/Documents/Swedish/Publikationer/Ra
pporter/Arbetsrapporter%20(R)/R2007/R2007_012_webb.pdf
35. APCTT
http://www.apctt.org/
36. Department of Space
http://dst.gov.in/stsysindia/space.htm
http://www.itps.se/Archive/Documents/Swedish/Publikationer/Ra
pporter/Arbetsrapporter%20(R)/R2007/R2007_012_webb.pdf
37. Department of
Biotechnology
http://dbtindia.nic.in/aboutdbt/overviewmain.html
52. India's Emergence as a
Global R&D Center
December 2007 Working
Paper
53. Pharmaceuticals IBEF
38. Department of Atomic
Energy
http://www.dae.gov.in/
http://www.arc.unisg.ch/org/arc/web.nsf/1176ad62df2ddb13c125
68f000482b94/43cf0caeed566faac12571d30061daac/$FILE/India
%20Symposium_IBEF_Sectoral%20Reports_Pharmaceuticals.pdf
39. DIPP Annual Report 2005-06
http://dipp.nic.in/anrepo_e/annual_report_eng_2005-06.pdf
54. The Financial Express
http://www.financialexpress.com/news/Ranbaxy-DBT-signsagreement-for-joint-research/294628/
40. DARE
http://www.dare.gov.in/bil_usa/AKI6.doc
55. The Financial Express
41. Ministry of Environment and
Forestry
http://envfor.nic.in/
RANBAXY'S OSTEOPOROSIS VACCINE (BONISTA-Teriparatide
launched) Financial Express 4 April 04, 2008
56. PC Quest
http://pcquest.ciol.com/content/techtrends/2008/108040501.asp
42. MoEF Annual Report 200708
http://envfor.nic.in/report/0708/chap09.pd
57. Bajaj Auto - Annual Report
200506
http://www.bajajauto.com/1024/download/BAL_AR_2005-06.pdf
43. Ministry of New and
Renewable Energy
http://www.mnes.nic.in/
58. Mahindra Newsletter
http://www.mahindra.com/Enewsletter/JANMAR07/html/news.html
44. Tenth Five Year Plan (200207)
http://planningcommission.nic.in/midterm/cont_eng1.htm
59. Mahindra Bio-Diesel
Programme
http://www.mahindra.com/Admin/tmpupload/MahindraFlagsOffA
sia%E2%80%99sFirst100PercentBio-dieselSUV.doc
45. DST, Gujarat
http://dst.gujarat.gov.in/
60. Mahindra Auto Expo 2008
46. PSCT
http://www.pscst.com/
http://www.mahindra.com/Admin/tmpupload/Mahindrashowcase
sitseco-footprintattheNewDelhiAutoExpo2008.htm
47. KSCSTE
http://www.kscste.kerala.gov.in/
61. DST
http://dst.gov.in/autonomous/autonomous_index.htm
http://www.rndindia.info/newslet/newsletter_7.htm
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