Layout 2 - NGV Journal

Number 104 October 2015
Southeast Asia advances
towards CNG mobility
India
Public transport vehicles
switch to natural gas
Vietnam
Gazprom invests in LNG
refueling infrastructure
October 2015
1
Summary
Asian NGV Communications is a publication of
NGV Communications Group, publishing house
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and brochures while in Brazil, Folha do GNV,
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among others. In Peru Prensa Vehicular Peru.
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2
Natural gas projects in
Southeast Asia
4
India: public transport goes
green
6
Gazprom builds LNG stations
in Vietnam
7
Japan’s first MEGI engine
passes FAT
8
Next generation of CNG
dispenser-valves for trucks
9
Opinion: Israel, gassing
up for NGVs
H
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H
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f
12 NGVJournal.com
18
Hydrogen fuel cell trams in
China
19
Honda Turkey and BRC
convert Civics to LPG
20
Toyota develops LPG taxi
for Japan
21
EV charging technology
tested in the Pacific
23
NGV statistics
E
t
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2
October 2015
CNG initiatives underway in Southeast Asia
Natural gas station in Malaysia
Gas Malaysia-IEV Sdn Bhd (GMIEV), a subsidiary of Gas
Malaysia Bhd, recently held a groundbreaking ceremony to
mark the start of the construction of its CNG station in Gebeng
in Kuantan, Pahang. The project will allow GMIEV to offer a
complete value chain of mobile gas solutions; from processing
of gas into CNG to transportation and distribution to end-users.
GMIEV will purchase natural gas from Gas Malaysia and will
maintain and operate the compression, transportation and
pressure regulating unit which are key components of the virtual
pipeline. When completed, the CNG station will be able to
deliver compressed gas to customers within a 200km radius of
Gebeng.
Initially, the gas processing facility will serve customers in Pekan,
Kuala Berang, Mentakab, Semambu and Bentong. The CNG
project, which forms part of GMIEV’s virtual pipeline business, is
expected to be fully operational by the first-quarter of 2016.
“This groundbreaking ceremony is an important occasion as it
marks the first CNG project for Gas Malaysia. Furthermore, it
manifests our determination, hard work and focus in reshaping
the future of Gas Malaysia; one being the diversification of our
business into virtual pipeline,” said Gas Malaysia CEO and
GMIEV chairman Ahmad Hashimi Abdul Manap.
In February last year, Gas Malaysia and IEV Energy Sdn Bhd
entered into a joint-venture agreement to sell, supply and
transport CNG to customers that are currently not served by
the former’s Natural Gas Distribution System. GMIEV was later
incorporated on Oct 21, 2014. He said the responses from
customers have been encouraging.
“Presently, we have already signed pre-supply agreement with
five customers namely Hicom Automotive Manufacturers (M)
Sdn Bhd, Mardec Processing Sdn Bhd (Mentakab), Mardec
Processing Sdn Bhd (Kuala Berang), Intergate Steel Mill Sdn
Bhd and Rubberflex Sdn Bhd, with a collective initial gas
consumption of approximately 420,000 mmBtu (one million
British Thermal Units) per year. “We remain confident on our
new businesses and foresee much potential and growth in the
immediate future,” he said.
Representatives from Kuantan Municipal Council, Fire and
Rescue Department, Royal Malaysian Police, Department of
Environment, Energy Commission, Department of Occupational
Safety and Health Malaysia, and Ministry of Domestic Trade,
Cooperative and Consumerism also attended the
groundbreaking event.
CNG buses in Indonesia
Jakarta Governor Basuki Tjahaja Purnama has expressed his
support to the use of compressed natural gas in the
transportation sector in all regions of Indonesia’s capital city.
"The use of CNG was aimed at improving the air quality and
reducing pollution by adopting sustainable transportation
practices," said Basuki Tjahaja Purnama. "I hope the program
can be implemented properly and its impact can be evaluated
as part of the efforts to achieve high standards in this regard."
According to Purnama, the CNG usage should be optimized as
it was in line with the Blue Sky program as well as the Regional
Regulation (Perda) No. 2 of 2005 on Air Pollution Control. He
also pointed out that Transjakarta buses run on CNG.
"If the transport companies shift to using CNG, it will add to
their profits as CNG is cheaper than gasoline. Also, it is much
safer for the environment," he said.
Earlier, the Jakarta administration had decided to provide land
at the bus terminals for CNG stations."The CNG stations at the
terminals will encourage public transport vehicles to use this
form of fuel," Purnama added.
Some Transjakarta buses and about half of the capital's Bajaj
vehicles (three-wheel taxis) use CNG. The city has seven CNG
stations. State-owned gas company Perusahaan Gas Negara
(PGN) would build four new CNG stations. These stations would
be built in Pulo Gebang and Cililitan, East Jakarta; Ancol, North
Jakarta; and Rawa Buaya, West Jakarta.
October 2015
3
Singapore advances LNG bunkering efforts
As the leading bunkering hub in the world, the Port of Singapore is well-positioned to expand its offering of marine
fuel solutions to vessels that enter its waters. In line with these efforts, the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore
(MPA) has taken another step toward the eventual launch of the LNG Bunkering Pilot Programme (LBPP) targeted
for early 2017. The expressed aim of the LBPP is to develop Singapore as a key LNG bunkering hub in Asia.
The Port of Singapore is inviting interested companies to tap on a S$12 million fund, from the MPA's "Maritime
Innovation & Technology Fund" (MINT Fund), for the building of LNG-fuelled vessels. The MPA will provide funding
of up to S$2 million per vessel, capped at two successful funding applications per company.
Applications are now open and interested applicants may find the application form, together with the criteria and
funding guidelines at the following link: Co-funding Grant Application Form for LNG Fueled Vessels
Companies must be incorporated in Singapore, and the funded vessels must be flagged under the Singapore
Registry or licensed for activity in Port of Singapore for a period of at least five (5) years.
MPA has been collaborating closely with partner agencies, industry stakeholders and technical experts, to develop
LNG bunkering standards, procedures and infrastructures. On 28 July 2015, MPA announced its Request for
Proposal (RFP) for interested parties to apply for the LNG bunker supplier license that would allow the licensee to
supply LNG bunkers to vessels in the Port of Singapore.
In 2014, Singapore's bunker industry recorded more than 42 million tons in bunkers sales volumes, maintaining her
position as the world's top bunkering port.
October 2015
4
Indian public transport: more natural
vehicles will operate in Delhi and Bangalore
BMTC project
Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation will study the
feasibility of converting its fleet to environmentally friendly option
of CNG buses.
The BMTC’s green initiative, a pilot project, will be started along
with a study by the Center for Infrastructure, Sustainable
Transportation and Urban Planning (CISTUP) on how effective
CNG gas is in mitigating air pollution. Sources say that under
the pilot project, 5 to 10 new buses will be introduced and
public response and emissions will be studied.
Sources said that a low-floored CNG bus could cost around
Rs. 80 to Rs. 85 lakh and this is being seen as too expensive.
“We are now discussing specifications for normal floored buses
that would be cheaper,” an official said.
In order to be able to effect the changeover of its fleet to CNG
smoothly, the transport utility has also allotted land for GAIL, the
gas company, to lay pipelines for supplying CNG to four
strategically located depots across the city. “There is also one
more spot where joint inspections have been held and we have
allotted land. The deal is almost firmed up,” a senior official said.
Delhi taxis
While the Dhabol-Bidadi gas pipeline has brought Compressed
Natural Gas (CNG) to Bangalore two years ago, BMTC is also in
talks with the Union government to decide on specifications for
acquiring 271 CNG buses. Currently, the debate in
transportation sector is about cost-effective specifications,
which would not burn a hole in the loss-making public transport
utility’s pockets.
The Delhi High Court made it clear that only those cabs which
run on CNG can ply on the national capital's roads. Justice
Manmohan said that since he has already passed an order
against ANI Technologies, the company that owns Ola,
prohibiting it from running diesel cabs, then same would apply
"across the board" to other companies including Uber.
October 2015
"I cannot discriminate against them (Ola). I can't say Ola has to
comply and Uber need not. You have to comply with my order
on CNG. That's all," the judge said. He also said that his
decision has been affirmed by the division bench, so it means
the order applies to everyone, so he needs to abide by that
order.
Uber India, which was represented through senior advocate
Rajiv Nayar, said that it can replace the diesel taxis with CNG
cabs within six months. "It cannot be done overnight. It can be
done in a phased manner. I can only say that from today no
new diesel taxis would be used," Nayar said.
Hearing which the judge said that Ola undertook to make the
change in a reasonable time period, "so you need to be realistic
and do the same in time bound manner and tell us". Nayar said
he needed time to seek instruction from Uber on this aspect of
the time frame in which they will phase out diesel taxis.
The court was hearing a plea filed by Association of Radio
Taxis, represented by senior advocate Nidesh Gupta, who
contended that the court's order upholding a ban on diesel
cabs providing point-to-point service in the national capital was
being implemented only against Ola while other app-based taxi
services were violating it with impunity.
5
Ola joins Shriram to finance CNG
cab purchase
Ola, currently India’s largest taxi hailing app firm, has
announced its partnership with Shriram Automall India
Limited and Sriram Transport Finance Company Limited
to make financing easy for drivers.
With this partnership, the drivers will benefit from efficient
exchange mechanism and optimum price advisory for
their old cars through Shriram Automall as well as
attractive finance schemes with convenient repayment
options from Shriram Transport Finance Company.
Under this offer, the company is expecting thousands of
drivers in Delhi to exchange their diesel vehicles for CNG
vehicles over the next few months under this scheme.
This initiative from the company is a part of series of
partnerships under Ola Green Pragati campaign to create
a favorable ecosystem for CNG adoption amongst
drivers in Delhi.
With Ola’s existing tie-ups with leading car manufacturers
like Maruti, Hyundai, Mahindra and Toyota, the entire
process for drivers, right from selling their old car to
buying a new CNG vehicle will now be seamless.
Pranay Jivrajka, Chief Operating Officer from Ola said:
“We are committed to ensuring CNG adoption on our
platform in the state of Delhi. Over the past few months
we have come up with various initiatives to increase the
number of CNG vehicles on our platform, to ensure
consumers have access to mobility within minutes at all
times. At the same time, these partnerships have gone a
long way in protecting the interests and livelihoods of
tens of thousands of driver entrepreneurs in the state,
giving them the benefit of smooth transition on the
platform. We urge citizens and driver-entrepreneurs in
the city to continue their commitment towards a cleaner
and greener Delhi, as we bring together more such
partnerships benefitting drivers and users alike.”
Sameer Malhotra, Chief Operating Officer from Shriram
Automall India Limited, also commented: “We are happy
to be associated with Ola in enabling drivers of Delhi to
adopt CNG. We are creating a marketplace for old diesel
vehicles through our transparent and dedicated disposal
platforms (i.e., Physical & Online Bidding, Private Treaty &
Onestop Classified Kiosk) which will enable drivers to
dispose their vehicles with ease and derive fair deals. We
also strive to make available optimum price advisory for
their existing vehicles as well as expedite attractive
financing options through Shriram Transport Finance
Company allowing them to immediately purchase new
CNG vehicle(s). Ola’s cutting edge technology and focus
on the ecosystem to promote CNG adoption in the state
of Delhi is indeed commendable.”
Founded in January 2011 by Bhavish Aggarwal and Ankit
Bhati, Ola is currently India’s most popular mobile app
for personal transportation. It integrates city
transportation for customers and driver partners onto a
mobile platform for convenient, transparent and quick
service.
October 2015
6
Gazprom seeks to build natural gas
infrastructure in southern Vietnam
HCMC extends deployment of CNG bus plan
The government of Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) has
given Saigon Transportation Mechanical Corporation
(Samco) two more years to complete a project to
manufacture a total of 300 buses running on
compressed natural gas. The implementation period
of the project has been lengthened to 2017.
Representatives from Russian company had a working
session with leaders of the People’s Committee of the
province of Dong Nai on October 19 to discuss
multifaceted cooperation with the region. During the
meeting, Gazprom expressed its interest in building
liquefied natural gas supply stations serving the transport
sector in the province mentioned and other southern
localities.
Provincial People’s Committee Vice Chairman Tran Van
Vinh lauded Gazprom’s plan to invest in the locality,
highlighting the great potential and advantages for the firm
to operate in the field.
Business and production enterprises operating in industrial
parks directly import and export goods through sea and
river ports along the locality, he noted, adding that the
upcoming construction of the Long Thanh international
airport will present a great opportunity for clean and
environmentally-friendly fuel suppliers.
According to Vinh, Dong Nai is working to promote green
economy and as such, the use of clean energy like LNG is
a priority. He went on to reveal the area’s plan to develop a
network of 500 buses powered by natural gas.
Gazprom is implementing a project to produce and supply
natural gas for the transport sector in Vietnam and it plans
to build a LNG plant with a capacity of 250,000 tons per
year in the southern region to serve the transport and
industrial sectors. As a result, the Russian company urged
the local authorities to facilitate the group’s goal in the
province, and ratified its involvement in supplying liquefied
natural gas for the local public transport system program
using CNG buses.
In reply, Vice Chairman Vinh requested relevant sectors
work closely with Gazprom in order to carefully study and
evaluate specific cooperation plans in the field.
The city government is spending big on the project in
a bid to reduce bus emissions, save fuel costs of
commuter buses and replace ageing buses in the city.
Besides, the national government has a policy to
exempt tariffs on imported components for
manufacturing CNG buses.
So far, Samco has manufactured 20 CNG-powered
buses for Saigon Bus. CNG is supplied by
PetroVietnam Gas Corporation (PV Gas) at four filling
stations in the city. Samco said that from this month it
would produce CNG buses using technology of South
Korea’s Hyundai.
Experts calculated CNG buses consume 30% less
fuel than normal diesel buses but their price is over
VND1 billion higher than the latter. So bus operators
want the city government to support them to get
access to low-interest loans to buy CNG buses and
offer bus services in a long term, reported Vietnam
Net.
October 2015
7
Japan’s first ME-GI successfully
passes Factory Acceptance Test
The FAT (Factory Acceptance Test) of the first ME-GI
engine in Japan recently took place at the Tamano
Works of Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding Co., Ltd.
(MES). Overseen by the DNV GL classification society,
the engine is the first of two 8S70ME-C8.2-GI units for
delivery to VT Halter Marine of Mississippi, USA for
installation aboard two 2,400-teu ConRo ships for
Crowley Maritime Corporation, USA.
The order
Crowley, the marine solutions, transportation and
logistics company, ordered the ME-GI engines, along
with 3 × MAN 9L28/32DF auxiliary engines for each
vessel, in early-2014.
The ConRo ships – with container Lift-On/Lift-Off (LO/LO)
and Roll-On/Roll-Off (RO/RO) – will be named ‘El Coquí’
and ‘Taíno’, and are scheduled for delivery in the second
and fourth quarters of 2017, respectively.
The vessels will be two of the world’s first LNG-powered
ConRo ships, designed to travel at speeds up to 22
knots, and carry various sized containers, along with
hundreds of vehicles in enclosed, weather-tight car
decking.
Crowley states that the vessels will offer customers fast
ocean-transit times and, being powered by LNG, will set
a new standard for environmentally responsible shipping.
Crowley selected the high-pressure, Diesel-cycle ME-GI
engines due to their high efficiency and power
concentration. The ME-GI’s ability to avoid derating, and
its negligible methane slip, also contributed to its
selection.
Crowley reports that the newbuildings will reduce the
amount of CO2 emissions attributable to each container
by approximately 38%. Additionally, the ships will meet
or exceed all regulatory requirements and have the
CLEAN notation, which requires limitation of operational
emissions and discharges, as well as the Green
Passport, both issued by DNV GL.
The engine
The ME-GI engine represents the culmination of many
years’ work, and gives shipowners and operators the
option of utilising fuel or gas depending on relative price
and availability, as well as environmental considerations.
The ME-GI uses high-pressure gas injection that allows it
to maintain the numerous positive attributes of MAN
B&W low-speed engines that have made them the
default choice of the maritime community. The ME-GI is
not affected by the multiple de-ratings, fuel-quality
adjustments or large methane-slip issues as have been
seen with other, dual-fuel solutions.
MAN Diesel & Turbo sees significant opportunities arising
for gas-fuelled tonnage as fuel prices rise and modern
exhaust-emission limits tighten. Indeed, research
indicates that the ME-GI engine delivers significant
reductions in CO2, NOx and SOx emissions.
Furthermore, the ME-GI engine’s negligible methane slip
makes it the most environmentally friendly technology
available. As such, the ME-GI engine represents a highly
efficient, flexible, propulsion-plant solution.
An ME-LGI counterpart that uses LPG, methanol and
other liquid gasses is also available, and has already
been ordered.
8
October 2015
Always under pressure: Next generation of
CNG dispenser-valves for filling trucks
Eugen Seitz AG in Switzerland is proud to announce the next
generation of 1” CNG valves for Truck filling! Eugen Seitz AG is
permanently working on new, better and more economical
solutions for the high pressure valves of CNG stations
worldwide.
In 2014 the new valve generation ProValve single has been
introduced with orifices of 8 (type 3051) and 12 mm (type
3052). Now in 2015 the new generation for orifice 18 (type
3054) is following.
Eugen Seitz AG is active on the US-market, where there is a
demand for the high flow rates and fast filling times needed for
truck filling. Therefore in 2014/2015 Eugen Seitz AG has
designed a new 1” – valve to get the highest flow rate possible.
This valve has been released successfully to the market in the
meantime.
In comparison to the older generation of valves – and also in
comparison with products of competitors – Eugen Seitz AG has
been able to increase the flow rate of the 1 “-valve (DN 18) by
20 %, which leads to a flow rate of Kv value 7.5 m3/h or Cv 8.7
usgal/min.
Kv / Cv values are not precise in case of compressed real
gases. In comparison to the water-based Kv-values Eugen Seitz
AG is working with a mass flow model with the parameters C
and b according to ISO 6358 which shows a good match to
the physical behaviour of compressed gases at different
pressures. They are able to calculate these values by simulation
as well as measuring these parameters in a new test bench with
different pressures.
The mass flow model of ISO 6358 provides the mathematical
relationship between mass flow flowing through the valve and
the valve inlet-, outlet pressure and the media temperature. For
this purpose the valve dependent parameters C and b must be
known, for example, Eugen Seitz AG is able to measure these
parameters up to DN32mm. With C and b every user is able to
determine for each pressure and temperature situation the
mass flow through the valve or respectively volume filling times.
The parameters C and b are especially helpful to establish
precise transient system-simulations including complex
pneumatic subsystems.
Thanks to a simplified design, Eugen Seitz AG is able to achieve
higher quality at economical costs with new type 3054.
Eugen Seitz AG is one of the world's leading independent
providers of solenoid valves and system solutions in the field of
CNG filling stations with pressure ranges up to 350 bar.
With its head office in Switzerland and subsidiary in China
Eugen Seitz AG stands for high-tech, competitive products and
high system expertise.
For more information of the complete product range please visit
web-page www.seitz.ch / section Industry Sectors/AFS.
October 2015
9
Israel : Gassing up for NGVs
For the first 50 years of its relatively young history Israel has
been dependent on imported energy; natural gas from Egypt, oil
from Russia and Azerbaijan, and coal from various places as far
away as South Africa and Australia. But in 2000 with the discovery of 1 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) (28.3 billion cubic meters- Bcm)
of the Mediterranean-based Mari-B natural gas field off the
coast of Gaza, Israeli policy makers began strategizing about a
revolutionary shift in the country’s energy balance.
Initially most of the gas was used in large industries and to
replace coal-and-oil-fired electricity. Between 2004 and 2010,
20.6 Bcm of natural gas replaced 12.6 million tons of fuel oil
and 6 million tons of diesel oil for a financial savings of 4.25
billion NIS (€963 million). By the first quarter of 2015 natural gas
represented just over 42% of the state-owned Israel Electric
Corporation’s generating capacity. While coal remains dominant
at about 57% it is down from 62% one year earlier and is
planned to shrink further.
But since 2004 when Mari-B’s first gas was brought on-shore
the field’s capacity diminished steadily and could not be relied
upon as a sustainable gas source on its own. New
Mediterranean gas discoveries were announced in 2009 in the
off-shore Tamar field and in 2010 in the Leviathan field about
130 km west of the port city of Haifa. In 2011 natural gas
imports from Egypt stopped due to their political turmoil and
Israel began importing LNG as a stopgap measure. This further
motivated Israel to develop its newly discovered off-shore gas
resources as fast as possible. Gas from Tamar began flowing
in 2013 and gas from the Leviathan field is expected on-shore
by 2017. Today there is about 640 km of gas pipe in the
network. About 80 km is the land-based distribution gas pipe
network. It is anticipated that nearly 30 Tcf (849 Bcm) from
Tamar and Leviathan will be able to provide gas for the next 50
years, with likely more off-shore production possible from other
adjacent areas in the Mediterranean.
What to do with the new-found (government-owned) gas
resources?
The new gas resources represent a dramatic strategic and
economic opportunity for Israel both domestically and
internationally. But, there are also enormous challenges in
creating, regulating, operating and expanding a sustainable
natural gas industry from production to the so-called ‘burner
tip.’
In October 2011 an inter-ministerial group was created to
examine the government’s policy regarding natural gas in Israel.
Named after its Chairman, the ‘Tzemach Committee’ priority
was to “ensure that the limited (natural gas) resources would be
utilized in order to maximize their value for the Israeli public and
contribute to the country's foreign relations.” Among other
things the committee surveyed 12 of the 30 largest gas
producing countries with characteristics similar to Israel and its
new natural gas opportunity. They evaluated and drew
conclusions from various government experiences setting
policies – incentives, mandates, regulations – in order to better
understand what balance of conditions needs to be achieved in
creating a secure, economical, profitable and sustainable gas
supply and distribution network for both domestic consumption
and export. The outcome of the report also was based upon
much public debate and input from many sectors of the Israel
society.
Developing a market for NGVs was amongst the committee’s
recommendations. The Tzemach Committee determined in its
August 2012 report that one third of private vehicles (about
820,000 cars) and two thirds of public vehicles
(including about 12,000 buses) could be converted to natural
gas by 2040, with gas consumption in the transport sector
reaching 40 Bcm (1.6 Tcf). The report stated: “The Committee
seeks to encourage the development of alternative fuels based
on natural gas for local consumption in the Israeli economy by
including demand for natural gas for transport in its policy
recommendations.”
In June 2013 the Fuel Choices Initiative (FCI) was created within
the Office of the Prime Minister, comprised of participants from
10 government ministries with a 10 year mandate and an
annual budget of NIS150 million (€34.5 million). The FCI’s
analysis of the NGV market potential includes an ambitious
vision of NGV penetration that, if NGVs can be introduced by
2014-2015, they could achieve 50% substitution by 2025 and
reduce the share of oil by 60%.
Exhibit 1 shows the Fuel Choices Initiative targeted fuel
consumption replacement for the vehicle
population as converted to natural gas propulsion.
Israel NGV policy making: Thoughtful and pro-active
Policy makers have moved quickly to advance the NGV market
build-up and ensure that actions taken are in accordance with
strict safety requirements and expectations of the government.
The range of policy options being considered include financial
incentives, mandates, demonstration programs, developing
standards, and funding of R&D.
• The Compressed Natural Gas Directive (CNGD) of the Ministry
of National Infrastructure, Energy, and Water Resources prescribes very specific requirements for the
development of local fueling stations, as it says, “To create conditions for the safe and efficient development and use of CNG
systems in accordance with Israeli governmental law and
policy.” The Directive also pertains to distribution network
compression stations, CNG trailers, decompression stations as
well as other auxiliary network systems.
• Some standards already have been developed (NGV Filling
Stations: SI-6236 and Automotive Natural Gas: SI-6119) and
other requirements also recognize and reference UNECE
Regulation 110, the Pressure Equipment Directive 97/23/EC
(PED) as well as various ASME (American Society of Mechanical
Engineers) standards. Israel also follows mandatory
requirements for motor vehicles to be compatible with the
European rules on Whole Vehicle Type Approval.
• Other policies by the Fuel Choices Initiative being considered
or implemented include: a Green Tax; ‘Safety net’ for filling
stations; support program for fleets (buses/garbage trucks); pilot
October 2015
10
challenges and strategies being
employed in ‘NGV countries’ globally.
• Creating the foundation for NGV
standards, regulations, safety and training
are of critical importance to the Israel
government. Eng. Yasha Jurborsky,
Chief Engineer and Safety Commissioner
of the Natural Gas Authority described
the Israeli CNG Directive while Dr. Seisler
provided a global view of UNECE and
European regulations and ISO standards.
Livio Gambone, Technical Manager,
Transportation Fuels from the Canadian
Standards Association (CSA Group)
focused on the development of
performance-based standards for CNG
cylinders and fuel systems. He also
provided a history and analysis of CNG
vehicle in-service failures.
Exhibit 1
Source: Fuel Choices Initiative Israel NGV, Saar Shafir, Deputy Managing Director, Fuel
Choices Initiative, NGV Workshop, Tel Aviv, 9-10 September 2015.
• Practical safety requirements and a
risk-assessment for LNG/CNG
and demonstration projects (Ministry of Energy/Transportation);
research & development support at a level of NIS 100million
co-investment fund (€23million); requirements for fleet
conversions; and international collaborations/information
sharing. Israel is plotting an ambitious and strategic course to
be amongst world leaders in NGV technology much like they
have done in the fields of agriculture and medical technology.
maintenance facilities was presented by Dr. Chris LaFleur from
the Sandia National Laboratory, part of the U.S. Department of
Energy. Mr. Jurborsky from the Natural Gas Authority talked
about safety of the ‘CNG fueling chain’ from the Israeli
perspective and Mr. Gambone went more deeply into issues
and practices associated with CNG cylinder and fuel system
inspection and requalification.
NGV policymaker workshop focuses on safety and
lessons learned
• State-of-the-art and best practices for stationary and mobile
CNG fueling and delivery systems were presented by Diego
Goldin, Executive Director of NGV Global. The Israeli Ministry of
Transport testing and demonstration of CNG bus explosions
also was highlighted since there are special physical security
concerns about the possible effects of suicide bombers
attacking buses in Israel.
One of the efforts to foster ‘international collaborations’ was an
NGV workshop for Israel policy makers in Tel Aviv on 9-10th
September 2015 that was initiated and organized between
Israel’s Ministry of National Infrastructure, Energy and Water
Resources and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and
Argonne National Laboratory, under the auspices of the U.S.Israel Energy Dialogue agreement. U.S. DOE’s Argonne
National Laboratory Clean Cities Team Leader, Marcy Rood,
and Israel Chief Scientist (Acting) and Senior Manager for Oil
Replacements, Dr. Bracha Halaf brought together an
international team of NGV experts, Israeli policy makers and
stakeholders who participated in a one-and-a-half day event,
Clean Cities Transportation:
A Workshop for Israeli Policymakers on the Proper Use of
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) in the Transportation Sector.
The workshop presentations had a ‘global view’ but
emphasized many aspects about safety, standards, and
regulations. More than 40 Israeli policy makers participated
from nine different government agencies including infrastructure,
transport, the environment, standards, fire safety and security
as well as holders of licenses to distribute natural gas and
representatives of fuel companies.
• In the opening session the Israeli NGV program of the Fuel
Choices Initiative was described by Saar Shafir, Deputy
Managing Director of the FCI. Dr. Jeffrey Seisler, CEO of Clean
Fuels Consulting, who has been working under contract to
Argonne and the U.S. DOE on fostering international NGV
cooperation, presented NGVs in their global context, identifying
a wide range of opportunities,
• Finally, successful implementation strategies and lessons learned by government policy makers world-wide were presented
by Dr. Seisler. Marcy Rood discussed the U.S. Clean Cities
model and how to build a successful market for alternative fuel
vehicles based on many experiences in the United States.
The workshop included some wide-ranging and energetic
discussions between the participants. Israel has moved quickly
and decisively to create an NGV program suited to their unique
set of circumstances and the dialogue between the U.S. and
Israeli government officials on energy and NGVs will continue
into the future both in Washington and Israel.
Many challenges and unique
circumstances are being addressed
Every country has its own unique set of circumstances – geopolitical, economic, environmental and security – that must be
understood in order to craft a successful NGV development
program. Israel is no exception and they have their share of
challenges unique to their situation.
• Earthquake zone: Israel sits on the geological crossroads of
two major and some minor tectonic plates and the history of the
region has been partly shaped by seismic activity occurring over
October 2015
11
the centuries. As such, all buildings and
infrastructure facilities must be built taking into
consideration special durability and physical
sustainability requirements, which increases the
cost.
• Security issues: Concerns about
incoming rocket bombs and suicide
bombers have lead Israel to bury their
largest fuel repositories, design ‘bunker’
structures for CNG fuel stations. The Israelis
must take extra technical precautions to mitigate
the impacts of terrorist attacks, such as testing
CNG cylinders compared to diesel fuel tanks
durability in the face of bombings, as
periodically have occurred on public buses. This
type of consideration has not been a concern in
any other global NGV markets.
• Regulatory liability. Though specifically
prohibited in the CNG Directive, regulators
enforcing compliance have been held liable for
equipment and systems that they approved as
safe but failed. This practice could lead to
additional time-consuming layers of bureaucratic
approvals at the national and local level that
would slow the construction of CNG stations
and likely, conversions of vehicles as well.
• Security of domestic gas supply vs
exportation: Though not specific to the Israeli
NGV program,
maintaining the balance between securing the
domestic gas supply in the long term versus
exporting gas, which helps sustain and expand
the exploration and production infrastructure, is
an on-going debate. Customers must be
convinced that CNG will be available to fuel cars
nationwide and for the long term otherwise the
program won’t meet the current expectations
for growth.
Israel has a reputation for making the desert
bloom. The vision and plan is that they also will
create a flowering market for NGVs, yet much
remains to be done in order to nurture this
growth and achieve the vision.
Table 1 shows the total vehicle population by
type in 2014; also indicating kilometers per
vehicle travelled annually. The numbers and
usage suggest that there are many a variety of
high-priority vehicle classifications that could
have economic benefit by running on natural
gas.
About the author:
Dr. Jeffrey M. Seisler is the CEO of Clean Fuels
Consulting based in Brussels and Washington,
D.C. He also is responsible for NGV Global’s
regulatory representation at the United Nations
in Geneva.
Table 1
Israeli Vehicles 2014
TOTAL
Private vehicles(1)
Trucks(1)(2)
Minibuses
Buses
Taxis
Special service
Vehicles(3)
Motorcycles
2,965,727
Km/yr/vehicle
2,457,236
327,792
14,120
17,795
20,106
4,597
15,961
27,081
49,504
56,195
81,000
n/a
124,081
n/a
Data based on: Israel Central Bureau of Statistics
1.Including dual purpose vehicles (most having a load
capacity up to 0.9 tons.
2.Including road tractors.
3.Ambulances, sanitation vehicles, etc.
http://www.cbs.gov.il/reader/cw_usr_view_SHTML?ID=616
October 2015
12
.com
Shell serves Dutch supermarket
chain’s LNG-powered truck fleet
Shell announced the opening of its fourth LNG truck refueling station in the
Netherlands, located in Pijnacker, on the premises of Albert Heijn, one of the
largest Dutch supermarket chains. This facility is being used by delivery
trucks that supply products to Albert Heijn, and is a result of the close
collaboration between Shell and the supermarket to increase the use of LNG
by heavy-duty road customers operating in residential areas.
“LNG can be a good choice for truck owners and more are making the
switch to LNG,” said Lauran Wetemans, Shell’s General Manager
Downstream LNG. “It is great to see Albert Heijn’s drive for cleaner fuel
options and work with transport companies to encourage the use of LNG.
We are expanding the network of LNG refueling sites that offer a single card
solution to customers.”
Cees van Vliet, Albert Heijn’s Director Shops & Distribution, noted: “We are excited to be working with Shell on establishing
LNG as a fuel for heavy duty road transport in the Netherlands. Our strategy is to reduce the hindrance of our operations to
people living next to our supermarkets, where noise level is a very important factor. With LNG trucks, we can also deliver our
goods at night when there is less traffic, improving road safety around our shops.”
The new station in Pijnacker has a capacity of 70,000 liters of LNG, enough to fuel 200 trucks per day. The station has already
refueled over 650 Albert Heijn delivery trucks to date. Customers that supply products to Albert Heijn can use the euroShell
card for their fuel transactions, which offers a secure and efficient way to buy fuels.
Source: Shell
Toyota promotes hydrogen car
with Back to the Future actors
Just as Back to the Future fans are gearing up to celebrate the 30th
anniversary of Marty McFly’s and Doc Brown’s adventures, Toyota teased
plans to mark the film’s anniversary with a modern twist. Thanks to Toyota,
fans can see actors Michael J. Fox and Christopher Lloyd together and get a
glimpse of what the automaker has planned leading up to October 21, 2015
– the futuristic date first introduced in Back to the Future Part II and the
official on-sale date of Toyota Mirai hydrogen fuel cell vehicle.
In 1985, Universal Pictures’ Back to the Future introduced the world to a
time-traveling vehicle and what the future may hold. Thirty years later, Toyota
has partnered with the beloved films to celebrate the intersection between
the U.S. arrival of the Mirai hydrogen fuel cell vehicle and the innovation
predicted in the movie. This video is just the beginning – fans will have to stay tuned to see how the story unfolds.
“Over the years we’ve had a lot of fun predicting which Back to the Future fictional 2015 technology would arrive by the real
year,” Michael J. Fox said. “Now that we’re a week away, I think fans are going to have a good time with what Toyota sees as a
true possibility for transportation. It’s actually really cool.”
Toyota’s vision for the future is driven by the Mirai’s hydrogen fuel cell technology, which hits the streets of California on October
21. As Toyota’s ongoing “Fueled by Everything” digital campaign has demonstrated, hydrogen fuel has the potential to be
produced from renewable energy sources like solar, wind and biogas. The vehicle’s only tailpipe emission is water.
“This Back to the Future-inspired milestone has taken 30 years to arrive, and Toyota has been developing hydrogen fuel cell
technology almost that long,” said Bill Fay, Toyota division group vice president and general manager. “There’s no better way to
generate excitement for a turning point in automotive history than with a film that celebrated the possibilities of the future.”
Source: Toyota
October 2015
13
.com
The Weltec Group acquires two biomethane
refineries in Germany
One of the plants is located in Ebsdorfergrund, Hesse, and
has been acquired within the framework of an asset deal.
Nordmethan Produktion Ebsdorfergrund GmbH, an affiliate
of the Weltec Group, is now responsible for the operation
as the new owner. For this purpose, all employees have
been taken over.
The new operator is familiar with all technical details of the
plant: among other things, Weltec Biopower was the plant
engineering company that set up the entire process
technology including gas upgrading technology and
ensured a smooth go-live in late 2012. The plant produces
1,000 standard m³/h of raw biogas and efficiently
conditions it to 550 standard m³/h of natural gas
equivalent biomethane. By way of the public natural gas
grid, the green energy source is available throughout
Germany.
In addition to the purchase of the biomethane refinery in
Hesse, Weltec Biopower has reported the repurchase of
one of the world’s large biogas parks with gas-to-grid
technology in Könnern, Saxony-Anhalt. The annual
production of this plant, which had been planned and set
up by Weltec, amounts to about 15 million standard m³ of
biomethane, enough to supply 10,000 homes with heat
and power.
“Our Group now boasts a total of four biomethane
refineries. This represents a solid economic fundament and
allows our engineers to continue with the research and
development work, enabling them to design further
innovative plants”, comments Jens Albartus, director of
Weltec Biopower and Nordmethan, explaining the strategic
orientation of Weltec.
Source: Weltec Biopower GmbH
October 2015
14
.com
Solid CNG filling station growth
reported across the United States
ANGI Energy Systems, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of
Gilbarco Veeder-Root, announced that, within the company’s
commercial fuel customer base, multiple retail fuel providers are
slated to open public fast-fill compressed natural gas stations
across the country in Q4 2015.
“In the US, direct CNG infrastructure development has remained
active despite the current volatility in oil prices,” said Jared
Hightower, Vice President of Sales for ANGI. “In addition to the
environmental and energy security advantages, many fleets still
recognize that the price stability of compressed natural gas
offers dividends well beyond next quarter. Infrastructure
providers see the benefit of CNG too. We’re especially proud of
our retail partners who are adding CNG to their fueling stations.”
In the Southern corridor, OnCue Express, a chain of more than 50 convenience stores and truck stops located throughout
Oklahoma, has made a significant, long-term commitment to offer fast-fill CNG fueling at strategically located stations in this
region. They currently have 18 CNG locations, and will soon be adding two additional stations, the OnCue Express Truck Stop
on I-35 at the Billings exit and the new OnCue Express Convenience Store at I-240 and Sooner Rd. in Oklahoma City.
On the Eastern seaboard, Sunoco commissioned ANGI equipment and successfully reopened its Sunoco APlus fueling station
and convenience store at the Pittsburgh International Airport. In addition to this location, Sunoco integrated CNG into their
New Stanton Travel Plaza on the Pennsylvania Turnpike. They are currently in the process of installing a third CNG station in
Canonsburg, Pennsylvania off I-79, exit 43 on PA-519 South.
Wawa Inc., one of the largest convenience store and retail fueling chains in the Mid-Atlantic region, has partnered with South
Jersey Gas to introduce CNG to the Wawa network. Their first joint project fast-fill station will soon come online at Store
#8305, S. Delaware St. & I-295 in Paulsboro, New Jersey.
Source: Gilbarco Veeder-Root
Russian Machines will distribute and
use Fornovo Gas’ CNG equipment
Russian Machines (RM) and Fornovo Gas S.r.I., Italian
manufacturer of equipment for compressed natural gas filling
stations, have signed a cooperation agreement, under which
RM-CNG, part of RM, will be a distributor of Fornovo Gas,
selling its equipment in Russia and other CIS countries.
The parties also plan that RM-CNG will purchase and use the
equipment from Fornovo Gas in its own filling stations. Plus
they will consider possible localization of CNG equipment
production in Russia. The parties are ready to discuss extension of the cooperation in the future.
GAZ Group, part of RM, is a leading Russian OEM producing
CNG vehicles including LCV’s, trucks and buses. RM-CNG
commissioned first CNG filling module, located at GAZ Group
plant, in N. Novgorod in 2015.
M. Eibeck, RM CEO, commented: “Development of the RF
CNG market is one of the top priorities of our strategy. Methane is now one most efficient and environment-friendly type of
fuel but the lack of well-developed filling network prevents it from spreading in Russia. I am sure that our cooperation with
Fornovo Gas will allow us to offer efficient CNG filling solutions to the market”.
Source: Russian Machines
September 2015
15
.com
London will be UK first customer for
hydrogen-powered Toyota Mirai
Manufacturer Toyota is set to deliver 12 brand new Mirai vehicles to
London, where four will be taken on by Transport for London to assist
with essential engineering and maintenance work carried out between
bus stops and Tube stations. By the end of this year, all 12 of the vehicles will be on the road in the capital, to be used by private hire fleets
and green minded businesses including the energy storage and clean
fuel company ITM Power. The Mirai is the first hydrogen fuel cell sedan
to be commercially mass produced.
Toyota has named London as a key city for early adoption of hydrogen
vehicles this year and next, given the Mayor of London Boris Johnson’s
commitment to develop the necessary infrastructure and encourage
motorists to move over to cleaner cars. The arrival of the new zero-emission cars is supported by the roll-out of vital new refueling
stations for hydrogen vehicles, and the Mayor’s plans to introduce the world’s first Ultra Low Emission Zone from 2020.
Mayor Johnson said: “It is fantastic that London will benefit from these new state-of-the-art hydrogen vehicles. By embracing this
technology of the future, we aim to consolidate hydrogen’s role as a practical alternative fuel for the 21st century and beyond. I am
sure that Transport for London will provide the ideal environment for us to see everything the Mirai can do and, in doing so, take
another great step towards improving air quality in our city and protecting the health of Londoners.”
Paul Van der Burgh, President & Managing Director for Toyota (GB) PLC, stated: “We believe in hydrogen as a key enabler for
building a future zero emissions society and we applaud the Mayor’s commitment to embracing new technology in his mission to
make London a leading global city for low-emission, low-carbon transport.”
Source: Government of London
18
October 2015
Ballard signs $6M deal in China for first
global deployment of fuel cell trams
At a ceremony held at the Company's global headquarters,
Ballard Power Systems signed a joint development agreement and a supply agreement to develop and commercialize
a fuel cell engine specifically designed for integration into low
floor trams manufactured by CRRC Qingdao Sifang
Company, Ltd. (CRRC Sifang), a Chinese rolling stock manufacturer. The agreements include 2016 delivery of ten (10)
customized FCvelocity® modules and the agreements have
an initial value expected to be approximately $6 million.
Ballard plans to develop a new prototype configuration of its
FCvelocity® fuel cell module to deliver 200 kilowatts (kW) of
net power for use in powering trams in urban deployments.
An initial deployment of eight (8) fuel cell-powered trams is
planned by CRRC Sifang and the City of Foshan on the
Gaoming Line starting in 2017.
"We are pleased with the strong relationship we are developing with CRRC Sifang, a company with a rich history of innovation in Chinese rail transit, to pursue the China market
opportunity for fuel cell powered trams," said Randy
MacEwen, Ballard's President and CEO.
CRRC Sifang, based in Qingdao, Shandong province was
established more than 100-years ago, in 1900. CRRC Sifang
has a yearly production capacity of 200 high-speed electric
multiple units (EMUs), 1,000 mass transit vehicles and 300
high-grade passenger cars. In March 2015, a Ballard fuel cell
module powered the world's first hydrogen fuel cell powered
fixed rail electric tram that was successfully demonstrated at
a ceremonial event held at CRRC Sifang's head office, production and testing facility.
Mr. Luo Bin, Deputy President of CRRC Qingdao Sifang
Company stated, "Clean urban transportation is a high priority in China. Our collaboration with Ballard to develop a purpose-built engine for our low floor tram, and the initial
planned deployments in Foshan, position us well for this
attractive opportunity. Ballard is our chosen partner for fuel
cell technology because they have leading fuel cell expertise,
experience, capabilities and a focus on safety, reliability and
quality."
Mr. Xu Guo, Vice Mayor of the City of Foshan/Yunfu added,
"Our planned move toward clean mass transit technology is
being accelerated with this announcement of fuel cell-powered trams as well as our announcement of 300 fuel cell
powered buses in Foshan/Yunfu. We have confidence that
the consortium partners, including Ballard and CRRC Sifang,
will effectively deliver ground-breaking solutions for the benefit of our Chinese citizens."
Alfred Wong, Ballard's Director – Sales for Asia Pacific said,
"Our ground-breaking announcement a few days ago regarding a deal to support deployment of 300 fuel cell buses in the
Cities of Foshan and Yunfu, together with today's announcement of an initial order supporting deployment of 8 fuel cell
trams in the City of Foshan provide concrete evidence that
Ballard's customer-centric China strategy is moving toward
an unparalleled level of industry success."
October 2015
Conversion of Civics with BRC kit is
made now at Honda Turkey Factory
Honda Turkey brings the cooperation with BRC Gas
Equipment, the Italian company leader in manufacturing
and trading automotive LGP and CNG conversion systems and components, to a higher level.
Since 2011 Honda offers to its Turkish customers LPG
after-market conversions for the Civic Sedan model at
BRC Turkey dealers’ network; from now on, Honda will
convert Civics directly in its factory.
On September 15th, an opening ceremony took place at
Honda Turkey plant to celebrate the starting of the operations on the new dedicated LPG conversion line. The ceremony was attended by the President of Honda Turkey
Hideto Yamasaki and by the BRC Gas Equipment CEO
Mariano Costamagna.
Honda invested 1 million TL for the new LPG dedicated assembling line that will enable the conversion of 60 vehicles
per day and 12 thousand vehicles per year, increasing in the same time the quality and control levels.
“We are glad to support these investments” stated Mariano Costamagna, “and we thank 2A Engineering Company for
the support they always give us as official BRC Turkey Distributor”.
19
20
October 2015
Toyota develops next-generation LPG
powered taxi for Japanese market
Toyota plans to launch a new taxi for the Japanese market
before April 2018, and is currently working on developing an
updated version of its JPN Taxi Concept, which made its
global debut at the 2013 Tokyo Motor Show. The updated
model will be shown at the 2015 Tokyo Motor Show through
a promotional video.
Toyota hopes that the vehicle, created to embody the spirit
of Japanese hospitality, will become a common sight on city
streets―much the way the Toyota Crown Comfort is considered the archetypal taxi throughout the country today. In
keeping with recent trends both in and outside Japan, the
taxi will achieve excellent environmental performance while
also catering to societal changes such as a rapidly aging
population.
Just like the concept exhibited at the 2013 Tokyo Motor
Show, the next-generation taxi features a hatchback-type
package. With its low floor and wide-opening sliding door,
the vehicle will provide outstanding ease of ingress and
egress, and its spacious interior will even allow passengers to
board in a wheelchair.
The chassis of this taxi will ensure excellent maneuverability
in urban environments and offer a pleasant ride for driver and
passenger alike. Furthermore, this vehicle aims to conform to
the Japanese government's goal of providing buses and taxis
that are barrier-free and tailored specifically to local needs.
The taxi will feature a liquefied petroleum gas hybrid
system―currently under development―which is highly economical and offers excellent environmental performance optimized for taxi driving conditions. In addition, Toyota is focusing on making this vehicle durable enough to withstand longdistance usage.
October 2015
Honda tests EV charging technologies
in the Republic of the Marshall Islands
Honda Motor Co., Ltd. announced plans to begin real-world demonstration testing of EV charging technologies in the
Republic of the Marshall Islands. The testing will be conducted jointly with the government of the Marshall Islands
using Honda's electric vehicle Fit EV, and the solar power-ready AC normal charger, Honda Power Charger.
A ceremony to commemorate the start of demonstration testing was held in front of the Marshall Islands government
building. The ceremony included Christopher Loeak, the President of the Marshall Islands; the Ambassador
Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Japan from the Embassy of Japan in the Republic of the Marshall Islands,
Hideyuki Mitsuoka, and Fumihiko Ike, Chairman and Representative Director of Honda Motor Co., Ltd.
As with many other island countries in the Pacific Ocean, the Republic of the Marshall Islands is almost totally
dependent on imports for its energy supply, and the effort to increase energy self-sufficiency and reduce energy costs
including transportation costs have been challenges facing the country. Moreover, the Marshall Islands is susceptible
to the effect of rising sea levels, therefore it is critical to address the issue of global warming through the reduction of
the amount of CO2 emissions.
With a support from the Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry* Honda and Marshall Islands government
will use Fit EV and Honda Power Charger and verify the possibility of widespread use of electric mobility products and
installing of infrastructure for EV charging in Marshall Islands. Verification results are expected to lead to solving the
issues facing the country such as energy independence.
Fumihko Ike/Chairman, Representative Director of Honda Motor Co., Ltd., said: “We are very honored that the
Government of the Marshall Islands has chosen our EV and the battery charging system. We are also thankful to the
Japanese government for the financial support in the implementation of this project. It is our earnest wish that this
project becomes a huge success, and Honda is fully committed to cooperate and work together with the Government
of the Marshall Islands towards attaining that goal and to make this project a global showcase.”
21
October 2015
23
Asian NGV statistics
NGV statistics
Natural Gas Vehicles
Refuelling stations
Monthly gas consumption (M Nm3)
Country
VRA
Total
Cars/LDVs
Iran
4.068.632
China
3.994.350
Pakistan
3.700.000
India
1.800.000
Thailand
466.845
Uzbekistan
450.000
Armenia
244.000
Bangladesh
220.000
Russia
111.001
Georgia
80.600
Malaysia
55.999
Japan
42.590
South Korea
40.532
Myanmar
27.137
Tajikistan
10.600
Indonesia
6.300
Kyrgyzstan
6.000
Singapore
4.638
United Arab Emirates
4.179
Turkey
3.850
Australia
3.110
Moldova
2.200
Afghanistan
1.701
Vietnam
462
New Zealand
201
Qatar
76
Philippines
20
Kazakhstan
20
Turkmenistan
Greater Asia
15.345.043
MD/HD MD/HD
Others
Buses
Trucks
4.062.580
6.036
16
2.587.288 1.025.531 331.531 50.000
3.520.000
180.000
500.000 300.000 200.000 800.000
393.315
17.167 54.596
1.767
450.000
192.000
17.300 34.700
145.304
10.000 27.000 37.696
105.044
3.182
2.774
1
51.000
6.000
5.000 18.600
55.345
594
60
16.564
1.560 22.516
1.950
8.203
31.069
1.257
3
23.658
3.475
4
10.600
5.456
572
22
250
6.000
4.618
20
4.129
50
1.850
2.000
25
2.060
275
750
2.200
300
1
1.400
400
50
12
19
61
84
37
1
75
20
20
12.145.899 1.426.843 679.7871.092.514
Total
2.268
6.502
2.997
936
499
213
345
585
279
100
184
314
201
45
53
46
6
3
18
14
52
24
2
7
14
1
1
1
1
15.711
Public
Private
2.233
6.302
2.997
936
471
213
9
585
253
100
182
274
101
45
53
46
6
2
17
8
5
24
2
7
35
200
Planned
Average
The
Reported
consumption
consumption
consumption
(actual
in theory
report)
608,33
2.913
9
163,21
28
50
336
26
600
25
2
40
100
13
4
10
612
26,53
91,55
36,00
14,80
93,00
4,13
4
1
1
6
47
54
10
1
35
130
0,60
1,03
1,05
4,20
0,40
14
1
1
1
1
14.873
749,39
81,2%
3810,03
0,0%
642,60
0,0%
1190,00
0,0%
166,29
0,0%
81,00
0,0%
114,22
23,2%
79,64
115,0%
30,67
117,4%
32,11
0,0%
11,75
126,0%
25,77
0,0%
95,69
97,2%
14,69
0,0%
1,91
216,5%
2,73
0,0%
1,08
55,6%
0,89124 1,155693192
0,89
117,6%
6,33
66,3%
5,99
0,0%
0,40
101,0%
0,26
0,23
0,06
0,0%
0,0%
0,0%
7.065
14,8%
90
838
3.746
814
1.045
Last update
March
October
August
December
March
June
December
April
December
November
October
March
November
September
December
December
December
October
December
December
June
Septemebr
August
July
December
September
November
November
November
April
Notes: The column 'theoretical monthly consumption' is calculating total monthly consumption if cars consume 180, buses 3000, trucks 800, and other vehicles 50 Nm3 per
month
There is, of course, a huge difference between different truck types. A 44 ton truck may consume up to 8000 (not 800) Nm3 per month.
Cities with CNG refuelling stations
Last
of Cities update
Country Number
Asia Fuel Prices
Premium Regular
Country Gasoline Gasoline Diesel
(Euro/litre)
(Euro/litre)
Afganistan
Armenia
Australia
Bangladesh
China
Georgia
India
Indonesia
Iran
Japan
Malaysia
Pakistan
Philippines
Russia
Singapore
South Korea
Thailand
Turkey
Uzbekistan
Vietnam
0,73
0,96
0,98
0,52
0,96
0,91
0,93
0,65
0,023
1,60
0,55
0,92
0,76
0,71
1,26
1,30
(Euro/litre)
0,91
0,49
0,88
0,88
0,56
0,033
1,49
0,74
0,73
1,86
0,80
1,25
0,72
1,17
0,83
1,02
0,34
0,87
0,87
0,79
0,43
0,0166
1,30
0,52
0,80
0,60
0,73
0,92
1,15
0,72
1,62
0,68
0,92
CNG
(Euro/
Nm3)
0,5
0,38
0,69
0,18
0,50
0,48
0,56
0,21
0,0149
1,05
0,20
0,44
0,26
0,27
0,88
0,80
0,27
1,37
0,23
0,89
CNG price
CNG price
equivalent per equivalent per
litre diesel
litre gasoline
0,45
0,34
0,62
0,16
0,45
0,43
0,50
0,19
0,0135
0,81
0,13
0,39
0,23
0,24
0,79
0,61
0,24
1,23
0,21
0,80
0,51
0,39
0,71
0,18
0,51
0,49
0,57
0,22
0,0144
0,89
0,21
0,45
0,27
0,28
0,90
0,68
0,28
1,40
0,24
0,91
Date
nov-12
sep-11
nov-14
sep-09
nov-14
nov-14
nov-14
nov-14
mar-15
jun-12
nov-14
nov-14
ene-10
jun-13
nov-14
nov-14
abr-15
sep-14
oct-11
mar-11
Armenia
37
Australia
3
Bangladesh
8
China
100
India
42
Indonesia
2
Iran
597
Malaysia
12
Myanmar
4
Pakistan
50
Philippines
1
Russia
192
Singapore
1
South Korea
52
Taiwan
1
Thailand
54
Turkey
2
United Arab Emirates 4
Asia
1.162
Mar. '08
Nov. '09
Nov. '05
May.'12
Nov. '10
Sept. '08
Nov. '11
Mar. '13
Oct. '11
Apr. '08
Oct.'05
Dec'14
Jul. '05
Nov. '13
Apr'. 05
May '14
Aug. '04
Jul. '11
2015
2014
2014
2013
2015
2013
2011
2013
2014
2013
2013
2013
2014
2014
2007
2014
2007
2013
2014
2011
2013
2011
2013
2012
2010
2013
2013
2013
2009
October 2015
24
Asian NGV statistics
Worldwide NGV statistics
Natural Gas Vehicles
Refuelling stations
Monthly gas consumption (M Nm3)
Country
VRA
Total
Iran
4.068.632
China
3.994.350
Pakistan
3.700.000
India
1.800.000
Thailand
466.845
Uzbekistan
450.000
Bangladesh
220.000
Malaysia
55.999
Japan
42.590
South Korea
40.532
Myanmar
27.137
Tajikistan
10.600
Kyrgyzstan
6.000
Indonesia
6.300
Singapore
4.638
United Arab Emirates
4.179
Australia
3.110
Afghanistan
1.701
Vietnam
462
New Zealand
201
Qatar
76
Philippines
20
Kazakhstan
20
Turkmenistan
Asia
14.903.392
Armenia
244.000
Russia
111.001
Georgia
80.600
Turkey
3.850
Moldova
2.200
Eurasia
441.651
Egypt
207.617
Nigeria
3.798
Mozambique
1.380
South Africa
937
Algeria
215
Tanzania
55
Tunesia
34
Africa
214.036
Italy
885.300
Ukraine
170.000
Germany
98.172
Bulgaria
61.320
Sweden
46.715
France
13.550
Switzerland
11.640
Austria
8.332
Netherlands
7.573
Czech Republic
8.817
Hungary
5.118
Belarus
4.600
Spain
3.990
Poland
3.590
Iceland
2.016
Finland
1.800
Belgium
1.053
Greece
1.000
Serbia
878
Norway
667
United Kingdom
663
Portugal
586
Slovakia
426
Lithuania
380
Estonia
340
Croatia
329
Luxembourg
270
Lichtenstein
143
Denmark
104
Slovenia
58
Macedonia
54
Bosnia & Herzegovina
35
Latvia
29
Ireland
3
Romania
2
Montenegro
Europe
1.339.553
Argentina
2.487.349
Brazil
1.781.102
Colombia
500.000
Bolivia
300.000
Peru
183.786
Venezuela
90.000
Dominican Republic
10.909
Chile
8.164
Trinidad & Tobago
3.535
Ecuador
40
Panama
15
Central&South America5.364.900
USA
152.300
Canada
14.205
Mexico
2.620
North America
169.125
Worldwide
22.432.657
Cars/LDVs
MD/HD MD/HD
Others
Buses
Trucks
4.062.580
6.036
16
2.587.288 1.025.531 331.531 50.000
3.520.000
180.000
500.000 300.000 200.000 800.000
393.315
17.167 54.596
1.767
450.000
145.304
10.000 27.000 37.696
55.345
594
60
16.564
1.560 22.516
1.950
8.203
31.069
1.257
3
23.658
3.475
4
10.600
6.000
5.456
572
22
250
4.618
20
4.129
50
25
2.060
275
750
300
1
1.400
400
50
12
19
61
84
37
1
75
20
20
11.793.805 1.398.361 637.3131.073.913
192.000
17.300 34.700
105.044
3.182
2.774
1
51.000
6.000
5.000 18.600
1.850
2.000
2.200
352.094
28.482 42.474 18.601
205.000
2.270
347
3.452
25
287
34
1.216
153
11
800
136
1
115
100
55
32
2
210.670
2.686
287
393
880.000
2.300
3.000
8.036 102.216 59.748
95.708
1735
176
553
61.197
105
11
7
43.795
755
2.163
2
10.050
2.400
1.100
0
11.278
173
129
60
8.100
176
54
2
6.498
686
386
3
7.950
527
85
255
5.000
86
32
0
4.600
905
1.609
1.322
154
3.050
400
40
100
2.000
2
14
1.675
75
26
24
1.000
3
37
13
280
618
102
0
792
58
28
0
124
538
4
1
20
3
600
40
46
354
86
100
100
261
65
0
80
300
300
30
10
0
219
78
18
14
230
39
1
64
61
18
61
26
17
0
29
24
5
7
47
34
1
29
3
2
1.153.260 115.686 69.279
1.328
2.487.349
1.781.102
462.871
27.469
9.660
300.000
183.775
11
90.000
10.909
8.055
109
3.500
35
40
15
5.327.616
27.624
9.660
0
87.000
42.600 22.700
11.800
199
6
2.200
2.569
51
101.369
42.850 22.706
2.200
18.938.814 1.615.689 781.7191.096.435
Total
2.268
6.502
2.997
936
499
213
585
184
314
201
45
53
6
46
3
18
52
2
7
14
1
1
1
1
14.949
345
279
100
14
24
762
181
8
5
3
4
1
1
203
1.060
325
921
110
213
311
167
180
147
101
19
42
86
88
6
26
20
7
10
22
22
5
14
5
5
3
7
2
7
7
1
3
2
Public
2.233
6.302
2.997
936
471
213
585
182
274
101
45
53
6
46
2
17
5
2
7
Private
35
200
Planned
Average
The
Reported
consumption
consumption
consumption
(actual
in theory
report)
608,33
2.913
9
163,21
28
50
13
10
612
2
40
100
91,55
14,80
93,00
4,13
0,60
4
1
1
47
54
10
1
130
1,03
1,05
14
1
1
1
1
14.479
9
253
100
8
24
394
177
8
8
14
5
1
10
3
5
2
6
1
7
2
2
0
0,26
0,23
0,06
3.121
775
600
25
4
6
35
368
4
625
5
10
2
5
3
4
1
193
1.010
133
849
109
147
40
134
175
140
75
4
42
38
26
5
25
16
3.036
1.939
1.805
800
178
237
166
15
15
11
1
5.167
1.615
89
8
1.712
26.740
5.167
873
86
8
967
24.236
39
978
26,53
36,00
4,20
0,40
67
57,11
0,24
2
1
10
50
192
72
1
66
271
33
5
7
26
15
48
62
1
1
4
7
2
8
17
4
4
2
1
1
1
5
1
1
2
19
1
7
0
100
8
804
21
200
117
12
31 558
30 130
10 1.500
11
3
12
52
1
21
7
2
4
5
1
4
4
1
1
2
1
3
1
3
9
2
1
3.947
1.939
1.805
800
178
237
166
15
15
11
1
749,39
81,2%
3810,03
0,0%
642,60
0,0%
1190,00
0,0%
166,29
0,0%
81,00
0,0%
79,64
115,0%
11,75
126,0%
25,77
0,0%
95,69
97,2%
14,69
0,0%
1,91
216,5%
1,08
55,6%
2,73
0,0%
0,89124 1,155693192
0,89
117,6%
5,99
0,0%
90
470
336
26
21
40
1
10
17
3
10
20
5
1
57
80,00
52,00
18,00
15,00
12,00
6,00
1,61
13,50
16,80
2,49
0,30
1,03
7,84
1,60
0,17
0,42
1,33
0,93
2,15
3,00
1,16
0,80
0,20
0,15
0,16
0,06
0,10
5
0,090
0,02
2
1
3
0,003
6.881
114,22
30,67
32,11
6,33
0,40
184
43,73
0,93
0,68
0,55
0,32
0,01
0,01
46
167,70
355,89
22,60
11,34
11,88
9,89
2,66
2,03
3,54
3,09
1,18
0,83
6,06
1,79
0,38
0,55
0,22
1,99
0,34
1,64
0,49
1,14
0,85
0,91
0,15
0,29
0,16
0,21
0,08
0,14
0,01
0,01
0,00
2
1
911
227 3.589
32
7
3
46
300
100
70
22
0
742
3
745
2.504
80
1
492 169
239 4.747
500
22
239 5.269
4.723 9.841
239
239,80
144,53
45,00
26,28
18,56
8,15
0,09
3,20
1,80
487
77,52
1,37
79
1.907
Last update
0,00
610
447,72
320,60
173,45
54,00
33,11
16,20
1,96
1,78
0,74
0,01
1.050
161,62
2,84
0,62
165
8.936
March 2015
October 2014
August 2014
December 2013
March 2015
June 2013
April 2013
October 2013
March 2013
November 2014
September 2014
December 2007
December 2007
December 2014
October 2013
December 2014
June 2013
August 2013
July 2012
0,0% December 2010
0,0% September 2013
0,0% November 2013
November 2013
November 2009
14,2%
23,2% December 2011
117,4% December 2014
0,0% November 2013
66,3% December 2011
101,0% Septemebr 2011
36,5%
130,6% September 2014
0,0%
March 2014
35,4% November 2014
0,0% September 2014
0,0% September 2014
0,0%
August 2013
0,0% December 2007
124,1%
47,7% December 2014
14,6%
March 2014
79,6%
May 2014
132,3%
June 2014
101,0% September 2014
60,7% September 2014
60,6%
August 2014
665,3%
June 2013
475,0%
June 2014
80,6% December 2014
25,3%
June 2014
124,4% September 2011
129,5% December 2013
89,6% September 2014
44,5% September 2014
75,8%
August 2014
0,0%
July 2014
67,0% September 2014
274,4%
June 2014
131,1%
June 2014
606,6%
July 2014
101,4% December 2011
93,8% September 2014
21,9% September 2014
98,7% September 2014
55,5% September 2014
37,7%
July 2014
47,9% December 2011
July 2014
110,8%
June 2014
14,8%
January 2011
0,0% September 2014
49,2% September 2014
0,0%
June 2013
February 2014
March 2006
39,2%
53,6%
July 2014
45,1%
June 2014
25,9%
October 2014
48,7%August 20142013
56,1%
June 2014
50,3%
June 2011
4,7%
June 2013
180,1% December 2011
244,9%
January 2015
0,0%
May 2009
November 2008
46,4%
48,0% December 2014
0,0%
May 2013
222,6%
May 2012
47,8%
21,3%
April 2015
Notes: The column 'theoretical monthly consumption' is calculating total monthly consumption if cars consume 180, buses 3000, trucks 800, and other vehicles 50 Nm3 per month
There is, of course, a huge difference between different truck types. A 44 ton truck may consume up to 8000 (not 800) Nm3 per month.