Presentation

Esri Ocean GIS Forum
November 5, 2015
An Ecological Stratification Approach for
Mapping Global Marine Ecosystems
Dawn J. Wright, Ph.D.
Esri Chief Scientist
Roger Sayre Ph.D
Senior Scientist for Ecosystems
US Geological Survey
Steering Committee
Roger Sayre
Sean Breyer
Pat Halpin
Nawajish Noman
U.S. Geological Survey
Esri
Duke University Marine Geospatial
Ecology Lab
Esri
Dawn Wright
Kevin Butler
Steve Kopp
Nathan Shepherd
Esri
Esri
Esri
Esri
Mark Costello
Doug Cribbs
Drew Stephens
University of Auckland
Esri
Miles MacmillanLawler
Esri
GRID Arendal, Norway
Peter Harris
Charlie Frye
Mark Monaco
Beata Van Esch
GRID Arendal, Norway
Esri
NOAA Biogeography
Esri
Pete Aniello
Kathy Goodin
Lance Morgan
Randy Vaughan
Esri
NatureServe
Marine Conservation Institute
Esri
Zeenatul Basher
John Guinotte
Guy Noll
U.S. Geological Survey
Marine Conservation Institute
Esri
GEOSS Task EC-01-C1
Global Ecosystem Classification and Mapping
•
Develop a standardized, robust, and practical global ecosystems
classification and map for the planet’s terrestrial, freshwater,
and marine ecosystems.
•
Dr. Roger Sayre, USGS, Task Lead
•
Esri is a partner, engaged in producing and hosting the content
Why Do We Need Global Ecosystems Maps?
Too many governmental policies are based on antiquated knowledge and technology
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Catalyze: Science  Planning 
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Provide Globally Comparable
Management
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Understanding of Changes, Impacts, Resilience…
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Value: Economic, Social, Goods & Services
Ecological Land Classification
Bioclimate
Energy
Lithology
Landforms
Water
Matter
Land Cover
Terrestrial Input Layers
In Order of Ecological Importance
Bioclimates
Landforms
Drivers of Ecological Character (Physical Setting)
Surficial Lithology
Land Cover
Response to the Physical Setting
Ecology is the branch of biology that deals with the relations of
organisms to one another and to their physical setting.
Ecological Land Classification …
not Ecological Classification
Biomes
Ecoregions
Ecosystems
Natural Communities
Species
Genes
Terrestrial Effort: Ecological Land Units (ELUs)
Bioclimate
Landform
Lithology
48,872 Combinations (Facets)
3,923 Unique Land Units/Colors
Land Cover
Example: Warm Wet Plains on Metamorphic Rock
with Mostly Deciduous Forest
www.aag.org/global_ecosystems
esriurl.com/elu
esriurl.com/ecotapestry
esriurl.com/landscape
Marine Effort: Marine Ecological Units (EMUs)
Who wants one?
Why?

GLORES!
•
Contextualize MPAs and Siting Process

IUCN, WWF, CI, Mission Blue Sylvia Earle
Alliance
•
Ecosystem Health, Resilience, Ecosystem Goods & Services;
Ecosystem Services Valuation

GEO & GEOSS
•
Nature Conservation Reporting

FAO and ICES
•
Conservation planning

IOC and IODE
•
Ecosystem Classification

OOI and IOOS/GOOS
•
Ecosystem Based Management

Essential Ocean Variables community (e.g.,
World Climate Research Program)
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Fisheries Management
•
Marine Data Management
•
Indicating Species Distributions
•
Explaining and Understanding Nature
•
Risk Reduction
•
Context: Local related to Global
•
System Connectivity

Researchers

Educators

Local agencies who want the global context

Natl science agencies

Editors of textbooks

CNN and the like
Additional AUDIENCES for EMUs
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IUCN Red List
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UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
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UN Convention on Migratory Species (CMS)
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UN Beyond Areas of National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) Working Group
•
UN Food & Agriculture Organization (FAO)
•
Ocean Data Interoperability Platform (ODIP)
•
International Seabed Authority
•
Funding Organizations
•
Foundations making strategic decisions about future directions (e.g., Moore, Packard, Waitt, Science
Philanthropy Alliance)
•
Other NGOs/Science/Conservation organizations
How is this different from what exists?
EMUs will:
•
cover all the ocean
•
be 3D
•
be based on best available data
•
be independent of political, social
and economic influence
•
further understanding of how the
environment structures
biodiversity (including fisheries,
threatened species, etc.)
What will it contain?
Sea surface
Epipelagic (photic)
Mesopelagic
Deep Sea
Sea bed
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
X, Y, Z coordinates
Ocean colour (chlorophyll, productivity)
Temperature (annual average)
Major freshwater inputs
Salinity
Ice cover
Tidal height
Wave height
Current velocity (including max on seabed)
Particulate Organic Carbon
Diffuse attenuation coefficient and/or
Photosynthetic Active Radiation
• Aragonite
• Geomorphology
• Coral reefs, mangroves
EMU TYPE
EMU ATTRIBUTES
Sea Surface (SS)
X, Y, Z, SST, SAL, DO, OC, Surface Water Mass,
Surface Current, OBIS biogeographic region(atr)
Epipelagic (EP)
X, Y, Z, T, Salinity, Photosynthetically Available
Radiation+H20clar, Regional Current Velocity, Quasistationary Water Mass, OBISBR(atr)
Mesopelagic (MP)
Deep Pelagic (DP)
Benthic (SF)
X, Y, Z, T, SAL, PAR+H20clar, QSWM, RCV,
Mesopelagic Biogeographic Region(atr), OBISBR(atr)
X, Y, Z, T, SAL, PAR+H20clar, QSWM, RCV,
OBISBR(atr), CCD(atr)
X, Y, BATHY(Z), SLOPE, Benthic Physiographic Region,
Benthic Landform Type1, BottomSedimentType, T, SAL,
DO, PHOT, Episodic CV, Particulate Organic Carbon
Flux(food), OBISBR(atr)
EMU TYPE
EMU ATTRIBUTES
Sea Surface (SS)
X, Y, Z, SST, SAL, DO, OC, SWM, SC, OBISBR(atr)
Epipelagic (EP)
X, Y, Z, T, SAL, PAR+H20clar, RCV, QSWM,
OBISBR(atr)
Mesopelagic (MP)
Deep Pelagic (DP)
Benthic (SF)
X, Y, Z, T, SAL, PAR+H20clar, QSWM, RCV, MPBR(atr),
OBISBR(atr)
X, Y, Z, T, SAL, PAR+H20clar, QSWM, RCV,
OBISBR(atr), CCD(atr)
X, Y, BATHY(Z), SLOPE, BPR, BLT1, BLT2, BST, T,
SAL, DO, PHOT, ECV, POCflux(food), OBISBR(atr)
How?
1.
3-D framework (mesh)
2.
Environmental attributes of each mesh element
3.
Spatial statistical clustering of numerical variables to define
recurring spatial environmental units
4.
Matching units to geomorphological features (e.g., seamounts,
shelf slope, abyssal plain)
5.
Matching units to biological features (coral reefs, mangroves,
biogeographic realms, other?)
Clustering
Exploratory Reg
Multi-D Clustering
K-means
Clustering
Evaluate
Describe
Phase 3 – Info
Prod
Combine/
Extract
All Data
Sources
Phase 2b –
Category
NOAA World Ocean Atlas
1 or ¼ degree - 41 depth levels
Temp
Salinity
Dissolved O2
Particula O2 Saturation
Apparent O2 Util
Silicate
Phosphate
Nitrate
GMED (Surface)
Chlorophyll A (10 km)
Primary Productivity
Marine Conservation Institute
Aragonite
SRTM30
GRID-Arendal
Geomorphology
Stratification
Features
Phase 1
Data Sources
Categorize
Bin
Evaluate
Noise
Reduction
Outlier
Cleanup
Describe
Maps
StoryMaps
Exploration App
Services
Technical Docs
Publications
Promotions
Phase 4 Release
Phase 2a - Stats
Ecological Marine Units - Plan
• Press Release
• Blogs
• Conferences
Preliminary Results
video
Preliminary Results
Preliminary Results
Preliminary Results
Parallel Effort – esriurl.com/3dfence
Parallel Effort – esriurl.com/3dfence
Parallel Effort – esriurl.com/3dfence
Parallel Effort – esriurl.com/3dfence
Parallel Effort – esriurl.com/3dfence
Visualizations
Open Sharing
Additional Data
Over Time
EMUs
ArcGIS Online
Repository of Data
ETL
(extract, transform, load)
Ocean Mesh
Framework
Main
Database
multivariate
analyses
(e.g.,
statistical
clustering)
Scientific Products (including peer-reviewed pub)
Derived Pelagic “Seascapes”
Biological Attributes
Species distributions
Water masses
(from OBIS)
Biogeographic realms (species endemicity)
Fronts
Seabed habitat and biotope maps
Current “storms”
(e.g., from EMODnet project)
Layering in the Ocean
Thermoclines
Haloclines
Pycnoclines
Other Value-Added Maps, Layers, and Apps . . .
•
Oceans Chapter of Living Atlas of the World
•
ArcGIS Open Data Site
•
Story Maps
•
“Ocean Observatory” (Urban Observatory)
•
Possible Ocean Modeler App
•
Diagrams/Illustrations Explaining Fundamental Ocean
Ecology/Conservation Concepts
Dawn Wright
dwright@esri.com
Roger Sayre
rsayre@usgs.gov
Extra Slides
EMU Classes (9)
EMU Types (16)