Workload Partitions MITECH

Transcription

Doug Herman – Field Technical Sales Specialist
hermand@us.ibm.com
AIX Workload Partitions (WPARs)
&
Workload Partitions Manager for AIX
Session
W 210 A-5
© 2011 IBM Corporation
IBM Power Systems
Agenda
Functional Enhancements for WPARs
AIX 5.2 Workload Partitions for AIX 7
LPARs vs. WPARs – Comparison
IBM PowerVM Workload Partitions Manager for AIX
2
IBM Power Systems
Agenda
LPARs v/s WPARs – Comparison
3
IBM Power Systems
Workload Partitions (WPAR) Concept
Consolidation of isolated workloads within a single AIX instance
Pre-requisite: AIX 6 or higher
App = WPAR
App
App
App
AIX6
Hardware/LPAR
AIX6
Hardware/LPAR
AIX6
App
Hardware/LPAR
AIX6
Hardware/LPAR
AIX6
AIX6
Hardware/LPAR
App A
pp
AIX6
Ap
p
p
p
A
AIX6
App
Hardware/LPAR
App
p
p
A
App
App
Hardware/LPAR
AIX6
App
App
App
AIX6
App
Hardware/LPAR
AIX6
Hardware/LPAR
Hardware/LPAR
Hardware/LPAR
WPAR Manager Live Application Mobility:
– Move WPARs between AIX instances without restarting the applications
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IBM Power Systems
Reasons for Workload Partitions (WPAR)
1) Reduced AIX System
Administration
2) Application Encapsulation,
monitoring and control
3) Rapid environment creation
of a new application
4) Separated System Admin/Security
at WPAR level
5) Live Application Mobility
6) Reduced memory use
Minimum WPAR ~ 64MB
Can be automated, policy-based
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IBM Power Systems
AIX Workload Partitions – in a Nutshell
WPARs are part of AIX 6 / AIX 7
Single Global AIX kernel shares CPU, Memory, I/O
between WPARs
AIX Image
Two types of WPARs
– System
– Application
For each Workload Partition (WPAR)
Independent Start / Stop
Own network address (aliased)
Separate Administrative and Security domain
– users, processes, IPC, cron, inetd, syslog
Obtains regulated share of CPU and memory
Isolated file systems: /, /home, /var, /tmp
Optional private /usr and /opt file systems
Shared system resources
– Processor, Memory, I/O Devices, OS
6
Workload
Partition
Billing Svr
Workload
Partition
App Svr
Workload
Partition
Web Svr
Workload
Partition
Test Svr
DB2
Workload
Partition
IBM Power Systems
Application Workload Partitions
Application Workload Partitions provide lightweight isolation
– Isolate an individual application
– Light-weight, one process
• can start further processes
Create and run
– Created & started in seconds
– Starts when application starts
– Automatically removed
Stop and remove
• when application stops
– Shares global file system
– Good for HPC
• Long running applications
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IBM Power Systems
System Workload Partitions
System Workload Partitions are easy to setup and manage
– Complete virtualized OS environment
• Runs multiple services and applications
– Needs to be created - owns its file systems
– Removed only when requested
Create
– Like another AIX system
• Own root user, users, and groups
Run
Active
Defined
Remove
Stop
• Can be stopped and restarted
• Own system services like inetd, cron, syslog
– Does not share writable file systems with other
WPARs or the global system.
– Integrated with RBAC – granular security
– Good for most purposes
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IBM Power Systems
System WPAR Characteristics
System WPARs share /usr and /opt file systems from the global
environment using read-only namefs mounts
WPARs can have non-shared, writable file systems of the following types:
–
–
–
–
jfs2
jfs
directory
nfs
For detached or non-shared system WPARs, all files from the /usr and
/opt file systems in the global environment are copied to the WPAR
System software in detached system WPARs must be kept at the same
system level as the global environment
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IBM Power Systems
File systems - Shared System WPAR
Global Environment
Global FS
Shared WPAR FS
/
/home
/opt
/tmp
/usr
/var
/
/home
/opt
/tmp
/usr
/var
Command
mkwpar –n wp02 –r –s –v
You can mount ‘rw’ on to ‘ro’
/usr and /opt file systems
/usr/mymount
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IBM Power Systems
File systems - Private or Detached System WPAR
Global Environment
Global FS
Private WPAR FS
/
/home
/opt
/tmp
/usr
/var
/
/home
/opt
/usr
/tmp
/var
LV_opt
LV_usr
Command
mkwpar –n wp03 –l –r –s –v
When Global AIX updated
syncwpar to update WPAR
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IBM Power Systems
Live Application Mobility (WPAR Relocation)
File systems available from source and destination + WPAR
WPAR-owned rootvg (SAN or vSCSI) or NFS based
Relocation Steps:
12
1.
Lock WPAR + check compatibility
2.
Create WPAR shell on destination
3.
Freeze WPAR on source
4.
Send WPAR memory (processes / kernel state) to destination
5.
Unfreeze WPAR on destination
6.
Check it started OK
7.
Remove source processes & WPAR
8.
Unlock WPAR
IBM Power Systems
Static Mobility
Backup on source / Restore on destination
This works regardless of disk type & even with different AIX Global
levels *** (-C command argument)
Relocation Steps:
13
1.
Stop source WPAR
2.
Save WPAR details
3.
Backup RW file systems to shared storage area (NFS)
4.
Recreate WPAR on destination
5.
Remove WPAR backup files from shared storage (NFS)
6.
Optional syncwpar
7.
Optional start WPAR on target
8.
Remove WPAR on source
IBM Power Systems
Creating WPAR is easy ~5 minutes (Shared)
GUI Use WPAR Manager
Script wp03, network + DNS, using NFS, relocatable:
# mkwpar \
-n wp03 \
-h wp03 \
-N netmask=255.255.255.0 address=9.19.51.112 \
-r \
-c \
-M directory=/
vfs=nfs host=ec09.dfw.ibm.com
-M directory=/home vfs=nfs host=ec09.dfw.ibm.com
-M directory=/tmp vfs=nfs host=ec09.dfw.ibm.com
-M directory=/var vfs=nfs host=ec09.dfw.ibm.com
-P \
-v
#
# startwpar wp03
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dev=/remote_wpar/wp03root
dev=/remote_wpar/wp03home
dev=/remote_wpar/wp03tmp
dev=/remote_wpar/wp03var
\
\
\
\
IBM Power Systems
Backup & Restore
File systems on local disk
– Backup (savewpar)
• Save WPAR details
• Save R/W files (minimum size ~60MB ~2 minutes
– Restore (restwpar)
• Recreate WPAR
• Restore R/W files
NFS mounted
– Backup / Restore same
– Option to backup files on the NFS Server
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IBM Power Systems
WPAR Clone Example
#
# restwpar –n wp14 –h wp14 –d /wpars/wp14 –r –U \
-M “-N address=9.19.51.112 \
-M directory=/
vfs=nfs host=ec09.dfw.ibm.com
-M directory=/home vfs=nfs host=ec09.dfw.ibm.com
-M directory=/tmp vfs=nfs host=ec09.dfw.ibm.com
-M directory=/var vfs=nfs host=ec09.dfw.ibm.com
-f /backup/wp04.bk
Notes:
“
and
dev=/remote_wpar/wp14root
dev=/remote_wpar/wp14home
dev=/remote_wpar/wp14tmp
dev=/remote_wpar/wp14var”
\
\
\
\
“
Approx. same time as the restore – default WPAR ~2 minutes
Above is showing an example using NFS share for the new WPAR’s fs
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IBM Power Systems
syncwpar
Run after updating Global AIX
For Shared WPAR – small syncwpar
For Private WPAR – large syncwpar
Shared Recommended:
– WPAR 2GB smaller
– Uses less memory
– Sync quicker
– Small backups
Use Private only for badly behaving applications
Can mount RW directory on to RO /usr and /opt file systems
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IBM Power Systems
Resource Control
GUI WPAR Manager Edit WPAR
Command-Line Interface (CLI)
chwpar –R
active=yes
shares_CPU=n
shares_memory=n
totalProcesses=n
rset=rset
active=no
CPU=min%-soft%,hard%
memory=min%-soft%,hard%
totalThreads=n
procVirtMem=n[M|G|T]
Examples:
–
–
–
–
Switch control on (default)
200 CPU shares
Set min, softmax, hardmax
Use only CPU four (rset)
chwpar –R active=yes wp04
chwpar –R shares_CPU=200 wp04
chwpar –R CPU=10-50,75 wp04
chwpar –R rset=sys/cpu.00004 wp04
CLI easy to use but removing resource control is not obvious
use –K option:
chwpar –K –R rset wp04 or chwpar –K –R shares_CPU wp04
Then flip “Resource Control” off and back to “Activate” (-R active=no/yes)
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IBM Power Systems
AIX running Multiple Applications
/ ---/etc
---/usr
---/home
---/wpars
---/a
---/etc
---/usr
---/home
---/b
--- ditto
A
I
X
Application A
Application B
Processes
K
E
R Global AIX
N
E
L
CPUs in the machine or LPAR
Memory in the machine or LPAR
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IBM Power Systems
Global AIX & WPAR Isolation of Processes
/ ---/etc
---/usr
---/home
---/wpars
---/a
---/etc
---/usr
---/home
---/b
--- ditto
A
I
X
WPAR A
WPAR B
Processes
K
E
R Global AIX
N
E
L
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IBM Power Systems
/ ---/etc
---/usr
---/home
---/wpars
---/a
---/etc
---/usr
---/home
---/b
--- ditto
A
I
X
Global AIX “sees” everything & WPAR only itself
Like: ps command, signals, IPC, etc.
Each WPAR has its only init, inetd, syslog,
etc.
WPAR A
WPAR B
Processes
K
E
R Global AIX
N
E
L
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IBM Power Systems
Global AIX “sees” All Files & WPAR only their
files
/ ---/etc
---/usr
---/home
---/wpars
---/a
---/etc
---/usr
---/home
---/b
--- ditto
A
I chroot
X
/ ---/etc
---/usr
---/home
/ ---/etc
---/usr
---/home
t
chroo
WPAR A
WPAR B
Processes
K
E
R Global AIX
N
E
L
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IBM Power Systems
Global AIX & WPAR Networking
Network packets passed to the right process = right WPAR
Network
Using
Aliases
/ ---/etc
---/usr
---/home
---/wpars
---/a
---/etc
---/usr
---/home
---/b
--- ditto
A
I chroot
X
/ ---/etc
---/usr
---/home
/ ---/etc
---/usr
---/home
t
chroo
WPAR A
WPAR B
Processes
K
E
R Global AIX
N
E
L
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IBM Power Systems
Workload Partition (WPAR) Product Offerings
Base WPAR comes with AIX 6 / AIX 7
– Basic WPAR functions
– AIX command line / SMIT access only
– No Live Application Mobility
AIX 5.2 WPAR for AIX 7 (Versioned WPAR)
– FC 5765-H38
– Licensed Program Product (Fee)
– POWER7 & AIX 7.1
– SWMA includes phone and limited defect
support for AIX 5.2
Workload Partitions Manager
– FC 5765-G83
– Systems Director Plug-in (60 day trial)
– Enablement for Live Application Mobility
– Manual or Automated (Policy-based)
Application Mobility
– Cross System Management for WPARs
– Licensed Program Product
•
24
also available as part of AIX EE
IBM Power Systems
Agenda
LPARs v/s WPARs – Comparision
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IBM Power Systems
Workload Partitions Enhancements
Base Support (including mobility) (AIX 6.1 GA)
NFS Support (NFS Client) (AIX 6.1 TL01)
Named Network Interfaces (AIX 6.1 TL02)
Asynchronous mobility (AIX 6.1 TL02)
Network Isolation (AIX 6.1 TL02)
– Optional WPAR-Specific Routing
• Addresses requirement for firewall/boundary enforcement, even between
WPARs on the same node
• WPAR shares global routes (default)
NIM Support for WPAR (AIX 6.1 TL02)
IPv6 Support for WPAR (AIX 6.1 TL02)
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IBM Power Systems
Workload Partitions Enhancements (contd.)
WPAR Storage Devices Support (AIX 6.1 TL03)
– Storage devices must be connected via SAN
– Disk, Tape, and CD-ROM devices supported
Clone WPAR action within WPAR Manager (AIX 6.1 TL03)
– Create another instance of an existing WPAR
– No need to recreate WPAR and re-install application(s) if another WPAR
instance is required
WPAR owned Root Volume Group (AIX 6.1 TL04)
– “rootvg” volume group
– WPAR owns all the root file systems (/, /tmp, /var, etc.)
SAN mobility (AIX 6.1 TL04)
WPAR Manager as an IBM Systems Director plug-in (AIX 6.1 TL04)
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IBM Power Systems
Workload Partitions Enhancements (contd.)
VxFS Support (AIX 6.1 TL04)
WPAR Error Logging Framework (AIX 6.1 TL05)
VIOS vSCSI disks support (AIX 6.1 TL06)
WPAR migration to AIX 7.1 support (AIX 6.1 TL06)
FC Adapter + resources attached under it (AIX 7.1)
Trusted Kernel Extensions support (AIX 7.1)
Versioned WPAR running AIX 5.2 (AIX 7.1) ***
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IBM Power Systems
Agenda
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IBM Power Systems
AIX 5.2 Limitations
AIX 5.2 – Limitations
– Think POWER3, RS64, POWER4
– No shared CPU or virtual CPU
– Only dedicated adapters
– No VIOS support
– No Simultaneous Multi-Threading
– No DVD or Virtual Optical
AIX 5.2 – History
– Oct 2002 – AIX 5.2 released
– Aug 2004 – AIX 5.3 released for POWER5
– Mid 2005 – “functionally stabilized”
– Mid 2007 – Last TL (TL10) released
– Mid 2008 – Withdrawn from marketing
– Mid 2009 – End of Support (TL10 SP8)
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IBM Power Systems
AIX 5.2 – History Lesson
Why still running on 4 to 10 years old systems
– If it isn't broke, don’t fix it
– AIX upgrade?
“No way man!!”
= retest of newer middle-ware and application versions
AIX 5.2 WPARs offers
– Same AIX, same middle-ware and same applications
– Lots of hidden bonuses
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IBM Power Systems
POWER7 advantages brought to AIX 5.2
Remove the older machine
– Reduced electricity & cooling costs
– Free up rack space
– Stop hardware maintenance
New POWER7 system
– Boost performance with POWER7
• Or reduce CPU count = reduced software licenses
– Access to AIX7/PowerVM features
• VIOS virtual disks + virtual networks + SMT4 + AME + …
– WPARs only sees file systems
• SAS/SSD disks, DVD, 10Gb Ethernet, 8Gb Fibre Channel, …
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IBM Power Systems
AIX 5.2 WPAR Product Info
Native WPARs
Shared or Private
Runtime Environment
AIX 5.2 WPAR
/
/var
/tmp
/home
(AIX 5.2)
/usr
/opt
CRE Native OS Support
/nre/usr /nre/sbin /nre/opt
5.2 syscall compatibility logic
(native syscalls)
Common Kernel
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IBM Power Systems
AIX 5.2 WPAR Product Info (Continued)
Versioned WPAR Environment (VWPAR)
–created by global administrator from mksysb image
–application stack is not modified – ie. 5.2 libraries used by applications
– WPARized – modified boot, shutdown, device support, and a few system utilities
Versioned WPAR Administrative Model
–same administrative model as Native WPARs. Uses mkwpar, startwpar, ...
–new (-C) command argument to mkwpar to specify compatibility runtime environment
–Operating System level internally calculated, stored in WPAR config file, and pushed into kernel
–additional software (bos.wpars, vwpar.52, wio.common) installed into 5.2 WPAR
System call compatibility logic (not layer)
–maps input, output parameters, and return codes according to legacy semantic
–transparent to applications – wholly contained in the kernel
Access to Native OS Support
–code is mounted from native runtime environment
–Select commands which must be level of NRE replace AIX files inside versioned WPAR
–Includes configuration methods, ODM, LVM, FS, a few libraries, and performance commands
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IBM Power Systems
Implementation Considerations
Each VWPAR is a separate installation domain
– Private software inventory with legacy runtime and new filesets
– Some legacy commands and data files are overlaid with native
equivalents
– Installp and emgr processes in AIX 7.1 will manage these overlaid
files, allowing PTFs and interim fixes to be installed without
interfering with overlay (overlay set aside during install processing,
then restored)
WPAR’s administrator performs updates
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IBM Power Systems
Creating AIX 5.2 WPAR is easy
1.
Create AIX 5.2 mksysb (AIX 5.2 media is not shipped)
2.
Also backup other VGs
3.
Copy to Global AIX 7 (or NFS mount)
4.
Install Versioned WPAR Package on Global AIX 7 (once)
5.
Create AIX 5.2 WPAR
mkwpar –C –B mksysb-file –n wp52
6.
… about 13 minutes …
7.
startwpar wp52
8.
lswpar –t L
9.
Get your other VGs online and start your application
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IBM Power Systems
Agenda
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IBM Power Systems
WPAR versus LPAR
Hardware partitions (LPARs, Virtual Systems)
– Run multiple OS’s on a single hardware system
• i.e. AIX, IBM i, and Linux
– I/O sharing across OS’s (with VIOS)
– Best resource control, isolation
– LPAR Mobility – can move a partition to a different hardware system
– Single AIX instance with multiple AIX WPARs
– Protect applications from interfering with each other (“good enough” isolation)
– Confines root users to specific resources
– Easy to setup
– WPAR/Application Mobility – with WPAR Manager (AIX EE)
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IBM Power Systems
WPAR versus LPAR
Creation
– Create WPAR in ~5 minutes & LPAR in 10s of minutes
– Rapid cloning is easy = “disposable images” – create, use, & delete
Less memory
– AIX boot memory per LPAR = 512MB but WPAR ~64MB
– Share application code. WPARs = lower man-power, disk, memory
Less Updates
– Maintain one Global AIX plus syncwpar command – not dozens of AIX instances
– Run WPAR buckets: run Global AIX at different AIX levels. WPAR upgrade means
move + syncwpar
Less admin
– Global AIX admin can access ALL WPARs
– Global AIX simpler Performance Monitoring than lots of AIX LPARs
– Backups are easy & small – default WPAR backup ~75MB file
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IBM Power Systems
Agenda
40
IBM Power Systems
Standalone Licensed Program (V1.2.1) replaced by
IBM Systems Director plug-in
V2.1.0 - GA October 2009
V2.2.1 now available
IBM Systems Director Plug-in (Fee based)
Bundled with AIX Enterprise Edition
Browser-based interface for easy management of WPARs
Supports basic WPAR lifecycle operations (create, clone,
delete, view/modify properties, start, stop, etc.)
Enables Live Application Mobility (WPAR relocation)
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IBM Power Systems
Steps to Get WPAR Manager Up and Running
Install or migrate to IBM Systems Director Server 6.2.1
Install or migrate to WPAR Manager 2.2.1 Plug-in
60-day Evaluation Period activated on first use
Follow Instructions in Setup Advisor to:
Discover WPAR-capable AIX systems
Authenticate and get access to AIX managed systems
Install WPAR Manager sub agent on managed AIX systems
Collect inventory & discover existing WPARs
Configure WPAR Manager Settings
Start Creating/Managing WPARs
Request WPAR Manager media to receive permanent key
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IBM Power Systems
WPAR Manager Entry on Director Welcome Page
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IBM Power Systems
WPAR Manager Summary Page
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IBM Power Systems
System Discovery
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IBM Power Systems
Request Access
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IBM Power Systems
Request Access
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IBM Power Systems
Install WPAR Manager Subagent
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IBM Power Systems
WPM sub-agent package
available after installing WPM.
Install on multiple
systems at once.
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IBM Power Systems
Collect Inventory
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IBM Power Systems
Collect Inventory
Collect “All Software Inventory” first, so that systems with
WPM agents will be identified as “WPAR-capable.”
Next, collect inventory on the same systems selecting
“Extended WPAR Inventory” option.
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IBM Power Systems
Resource Navigator – WPARs Groups
Breadcrumbs show how we navigated to the page
starting from ‘Navigate Resources’ in the Director Menu
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IBM Power Systems
Workload Partitions and Hosts View
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IBM Power Systems
WPAR Metrics and Monitors
Common WPAR Metrics monitors contains
typical AIX system utilization metrics.
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IBM Power Systems
WPAR Features – Topology Map
Topology map of a WPAR including device information
The description field specifies
whether the device is part of the
WPAR rootvg
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IBM Power Systems
WPAR Relocation
Link to manage WPAR Relocation Policies
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IBM Power Systems
WPAR Relocation Policy
Policy changed from WPAR Manager 1.2.1
– Simplified policy algorithm and user interface
– Using standard Systems Director Groups and Jobs interfaces
Policy monitors CPU and/or memory utilization in each system
– Set maximum utilization threshold and averaging period
– Define Relocation Domain = Group of WPAR-capable AIX systems
(using Systems Director Groups)
If average CPU/Memory over most recent averaging period exceeds max
threshold, a policy violation is registered
Policy violation triggers policy analysis
– WPAR Manager looks for another system in relocation domain whose overall
CPU/Memory usage is less than current system
– If a less busy system is found, a Relocate WPAR job may be created, or
admin notified
– Policy violation also shows up on Health Summary page.
Track results of policy analysis and relocation by looking at Applied
Activities on systems or WPARs
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IBM Power Systems
WPAR Relocation Policy
Link to drill down to policy details
Performance metrics are averaged over a number of
minutes (default = 10) -- specified when policy is created
Shows number of associated domains;
click link to view list
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IBM Power Systems
WPAR Manager Problem Determination
WPAR Manager problems are logged in the IBM Systems Director log files.
WPAR Manager Agent does not have dedicated log files. It logs to the
Common Agent log files.
During live relocation, the WPAR Manager Agent creates log files on the
departure and arrival systems that can be used to troubleshoot live
relocation failures.
Component
WPAR Manager
WPAR Manager
Agent
MCR (Live
Relocation)
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Log File
Description
/opt/ibm/director/lwi/logs/error-log-*
IBM Systems Director log files
/opt/ibm/director/lwi/logs/trace-log-*
IBM Systems Director trace log files
/opt/ibm/director/WPARManager/wpmInstall.log
WPAR Manager installation log file
/opt/ibm/director/agent/logs/error-log-*
Common Agent log files
/opt/ibm/director/agent/logs/trace-log-*
Common Agent trace log files
/var/opt/IBM/WPAR/agent/logs/mcr/<WPAR
Name>.log
System and Application WPAR mcr log
file. One log file on departure server and
another on the arrival.
IBM Power Systems
New WPAR Redbook – coming soon….
IBM Redbooks
http://www.redbooks.ibm.com
User’s Guide for Exploiting
IBM AIX Workload Partitions
SG24-7955
Draft Version: June 2011
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IBM Power Systems
References
Redbooks:
Users Guide for Exploiting IBM AIX Workload Partitions (July 2011)
– SG24-7955 (Draft version targeted for June 2011)
Workload Partition Management in IBM AIX Version 6.1 (Dec 2008)
– http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/abstracts/sg247656.html?Open
Introduction to Workload Partition Management in IBM AIX Version 6.1 (Nov 2007)
– http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/abstracts/sg247431.html?Open
Product Documentation:
IBM Workload Partitions for AIX (AIX 6.1)
– http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/aix/v6r1/topic/com.ibm.aix.wpar/wpar_pdf.pdf
IBM Workload Partitions for AIX (AIX 7.1)
– http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/aix/v7r1/topic/com.ibm.aix.wpar/wpar_pdf.pdf
– http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/aix/v7r1/topic/com.ibm.aix.cre/cre_pdf.pdf
– http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/aix/v6r1/topic/com.ibm.aix.wparlpp/wparlpp_pdf.pdf
IBM Systems Director:
IBM Systems Director Download Site
– http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/software/director/downloads/
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dependent on many factors including system hardware configuration and software design and configuration. Some measurements quoted in this
document may have been made on development-level systems. There is no guarantee these measurements will be the same on generallyavailable systems. Some measurements quoted in this document may have been estimated through extrapolation. Users of this document
should verify the applicable data for their specific environment.
Revised September 26, 2006
63
IBM Power Systems
Special notices (cont.)
IBM, the IBM logo, ibm.com AIX, AIX (logo), AIX 6 (logo), AS/400, Active Memory, BladeCenter, Blue Gene, CacheFlow, ClusterProven, DB2, ESCON, i5/OS, i5/OS
(logo), IBM Business Partner (logo), IntelliStation, LoadLeveler, Lotus, Lotus Notes, Notes, Operating System/400, OS/400, PartnerLink, PartnerWorld, PowerPC, pSeries,
Rational, RISC System/6000, RS/6000, THINK, Tivoli, Tivoli (logo), Tivoli Management Environment, WebSphere, xSeries, z/OS, zSeries, AIX 5L, Chiphopper, Chipkill,
Cloudscape, DB2 Universal Database, DS4000, DS6000, DS8000, EnergyScale, Enterprise Workload Manager, General Purpose File System, , GPFS, HACMP,
HACMP/6000, HASM, IBM Systems Director Active Energy Manager, iSeries, Micro-Partitioning, POWER, PowerExecutive, PowerVM, PowerVM (logo), PowerHA, Power
Architecture, Power Everywhere, Power Family, POWER Hypervisor, Power Systems, Power Systems (logo), Power Systems Software, Power Systems Software (logo),
POWER2, POWER3, POWER4, POWER4+, POWER5, POWER5+, POWER6, POWER7, pureScale, System i, System p, System p5, System Storage, System z, Tivoli
Enterprise, TME 10, TurboCore, Workload Partitions Manager and X-Architecture are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation
in the United States, other countries, or both. If these and other IBM trademarked terms are marked on their first occurrence in this information with a trademark symbol (®
or ™), these symbols indicate U.S. registered or common law trademarks owned by IBM at the time this information was published. Such trademarks may also be
registered or common law trademarks in other countries. A current list of IBM trademarks is available on the Web at "Copyright and trademark information" at
www.ibm.com/legal/copytrade.shtml
The Power Architecture and Power.org wordmarks and the Power and Power.org logos and related marks are trademarks and service marks licensed by Power.org.
UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States, other countries or both.
Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States, other countries or both.
Microsoft, Windows and the Windows logo are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States, other countries or both.
Intel, Itanium, Pentium are registered trademarks and Xeon is a trademark of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States, other countries or both.
AMD Opteron is a trademark of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
Java and all Java-based trademarks and logos are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States, other countries or both.
TPC-C and TPC-H are trademarks of the Transaction Performance Processing Council (TPPC).
SPECint, SPECfp, SPECjbb, SPECweb, SPECjAppServer, SPEC OMP, SPECviewperf, SPECapc, SPEChpc, SPECjvm, SPECmail, SPECimap and SPECsfs are
trademarks of the Standard Performance Evaluation Corp (SPEC).
NetBench is a registered trademark of Ziff Davis Media in the United States, other countries or both.
AltiVec is a trademark of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Cell Broadband Engine is a trademark of Sony Computer Entertainment Inc.
InfiniBand, InfiniBand Trade Association and the InfiniBand design marks are trademarks and/or service marks of the InfiniBand Trade Association.
Other company, product and service names may be trademarks or service marks of others.
Revised February 9, 2010
64
IBM Power Systems
Notes on benchmarks and values
The IBM benchmarks results shown herein were derived using particular, well configured, development-level and generally-available computer systems. Buyers should
consult other sources of information to evaluate the performance of systems they are considering buying and should consider conducting application oriented testing. For
additional information about the benchmarks, values and systems tested, contact your local IBM office or IBM authorized reseller or access the Web site of the benchmark
consortium or benchmark vendor.
IBM benchmark results can be found in the IBM Power Systems Performance Report at http://www.ibm.com/systems/p/hardware/system_perf.html .
All performance measurements were made with AIX or AIX 5L operating systems unless otherwise indicated to have used Linux. For new and upgraded systems, AIX
Version 4.3, AIX 5L or AIX 6 were used. All other systems used previous versions of AIX. The SPEC CPU2006, SPEC2000, LINPACK, and Technical Computing
benchmarks were compiled using IBM's high performance C, C++, and FORTRAN compilers for AIX 5L and Linux. For new and upgraded systems, the latest versions of
these compilers were used: XL C Enterprise Edition V7.0 for AIX, XL C/C++ Enterprise Edition V7.0 for AIX, XL FORTRAN Enterprise Edition V9.1 for AIX, XL C/C++
Advanced Edition V7.0 for Linux, and XL FORTRAN Advanced Edition V9.1 for Linux. The SPEC CPU95 (retired in 2000) tests used preprocessors, KAP 3.2 for FORTRAN
and KAP/C 1.4.2 from Kuck & Associates and VAST-2 v4.01X8 from Pacific-Sierra Research. The preprocessors were purchased separately from these vendors. Other
software packages like IBM ESSL for AIX, MASS for AIX and Kazushige Goto’s BLAS Library for Linux were also used in some benchmarks.
For a definition/explanation of each benchmark and the full list of detailed results, visit the Web site of the benchmark consortium or benchmark vendor.
TPC
http://www.tpc.org
SPEC
http://www.spec.org
LINPACK
http://www.netlib.org/benchmark/performance.pdf
Pro/E
http://www.proe.com
GPC
http://www.spec.org/gpc
VolanoMark
http://www.volano.com
STREAM
http://www.cs.virginia.edu/stream/
SAP
http://www.sap.com/benchmark/
Oracle Applications
http://www.oracle.com/apps_benchmark/
PeopleSoft - To get information on PeopleSoft benchmarks, contact PeopleSoft directly
Siebel
http://www.siebel.com/crm/performance_benchmark/index.shtm
Baan
http://www.ssaglobal.com
Fluent
http://www.fluent.com/software/fluent/index.htm
TOP500 Supercomputers
http://www.top500.org/
Ideas International
http://www.ideasinternational.com/benchmark/bench.html
Storage Performance Council http://www.storageperformance.org/results
Revised March 12, 2009
65
IBM Power Systems
Notes on HPC benchmarks and values
The IBM benchmarks results shown herein were derived using particular, well configured, development-level and generally-available computer systems. Buyers should
consult other sources of information to evaluate the performance of systems they are considering buying and should consider conducting application oriented testing. For
additional information about the benchmarks, values and systems tested, contact your local IBM office or IBM authorized reseller or access the Web site of the benchmark
consortium or benchmark vendor.
IBM benchmark results can be found in the IBM Power Systems Performance Report at http://www.ibm.com/systems/p/hardware/system_perf.html .
All performance measurements were made with AIX or AIX 5L operating systems unless otherwise indicated to have used Linux. For new and upgraded systems, AIX
Version 4.3 or AIX 5L were used. All other systems used previous versions of AIX. The SPEC CPU2000, LINPACK, and Technical Computing benchmarks were compiled
using IBM's high performance C, C++, and FORTRAN compilers for AIX 5L and Linux. For new and upgraded systems, the latest versions of these compilers were used: XL
C Enterprise Edition V7.0 for AIX, XL C/C++ Enterprise Edition V7.0 for AIX, XL FORTRAN Enterprise Edition V9.1 for AIX, XL C/C++ Advanced Edition V7.0 for Linux, and
XL FORTRAN Advanced Edition V9.1 for Linux. The SPEC CPU95 (retired in 2000) tests used preprocessors, KAP 3.2 for FORTRAN and KAP/C 1.4.2 from Kuck &
Associates and VAST-2 v4.01X8 from Pacific-Sierra Research. The preprocessors were purchased separately from these vendors. Other software packages like IBM ESSL
for AIX, MASS for AIX and Kazushige Goto’s BLAS Library for Linux were also used in some benchmarks.
For a definition/explanation of each benchmark and the full list of detailed results, visit the Web site of the benchmark consortium or benchmark vendor.
SPEC
http://www.spec.org
LINPACK
http://www.netlib.org/benchmark/performance.pdf
Pro/E
http://www.proe.com
GPC
http://www.spec.org/gpc
STREAM
http://www.cs.virginia.edu/stream/
Fluent
http://www.fluent.com/software/fluent/index.htm
TOP500 Supercomputers
http://www.top500.org/
AMBER
http://amber.scripps.edu/
FLUENT
http://www.fluent.com/software/fluent/fl5bench/index.htm
GAMESS
http://www.msg.chem.iastate.edu/gamess
GAUSSIAN
http://www.gaussian.com
ANSYS
http://www.ansys.com/services/hardware-support-db.htm
Click on the "Benchmarks" icon on the left hand side frame to expand. Click on "Benchmark Results in a Table" icon for benchmark results.
ABAQUS
http://www.simulia.com/support/v68/v68_performance.php
ECLIPSE
http://www.sis.slb.com/content/software/simulation/index.asp?seg=geoquest&
MM5
http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/mm5/
MSC.NASTRAN
http://www.mscsoftware.com/support/prod%5Fsupport/nastran/performance/v04_sngl.cfm
STAR-CD
www.cd-adapco.com/products/STAR-CD/performance/320/index/html
NAMD
http://www.ks.uiuc.edu/Research/namd
HMMER
http://hmmer.janelia.org/
Revised March 12, 2009
http://powerdev.osuosl.org/project/hmmerAltivecGen2mod
66
IBM Power Systems
Notes on performance estimates
rPerf for AIX
rPerf (Relative Performance) is an estimate of commercial processing performance relative to other IBM UNIX
systems. It is derived from an IBM analytical model which uses characteristics from IBM internal workloads, TPC
and SPEC benchmarks. The rPerf model is not intended to represent any specific public benchmark results and
should not be reasonably used in that way. The model simulates some of the system operations such as CPU,
cache and memory. However, the model does not simulate disk or network I/O operations.
rPerf estimates are calculated based on systems with the latest levels of AIX and other pertinent software at the time
of system announcement. Actual performance will vary based on application and configuration specifics. The IBM
eServer pSeries 640 is the baseline reference system and has a value of 1.0. Although rPerf may be used to
approximate relative IBM UNIX commercial processing performance, actual system performance may vary and is
dependent upon many factors including system hardware configuration and software design and configuration.
Note that the rPerf methodology used for the POWER6 systems is identical to that used for the POWER5 systems.
Variations in incremental system performance may be observed in commercial workloads due to changes in the
underlying system architecture.
All performance estimates are provided "AS IS" and no warranties or guarantees are expressed or implied by IBM.
Buyers should consult other sources of information, including system benchmarks, and application sizing guides to
evaluate the performance of a system they are considering buying. For additional information about rPerf, contact
your local IBM office or IBM authorized reseller.
========================================================================
CPW for IBM i
Commercial Processing Workload (CPW) is a relative measure of performance of processors running the IBM i
operating system. Performance in customer environments may vary. The value is based on maximum
configurations. More performance information is available in the Performance Capabilities Reference at:
www.ibm.com/systems/i/solutions/perfmgmt/resource.html
Revised April 2, 2007
67

Workload Partitions MITECH

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