MIL-HDBK-149 Rev. B

Transcription

MIL-HDBK-149 Rev. B

Downloaded from http://www.everyspec.com
MI L-HL6K-149B
-
0
/“
/
/
-
o
0
4
1
EXWSURi
TIME s HOiR
.
FIGIJNS 99.
WSIGNT GAIN AND LINsAN SWELLING VS
BXKWJNS TINE IN NITNOGSN TE1’NOXIDS (57)
183
MIL-EDBK-149B
..”
MPa
~
PSI
‘.”
“
‘.. .,
80
7.5=
--
. 60
. TENSILE STRENGTH
5.0 —
:-
- 40
500 ,
2.5—
0
\
WEI 3HT CHANGE
~
I
I
00
1
2
3
..4
5
I
6
20
o
7
8
EXPOSURE ‘TIME,WEEKS
r
FIGIJRS 100.
ySIGIYT CSANGE , TENsILE STRENGTH, AND
OF FLUOROSILICONE VS ExFOSURS
TINE IN NITROGEN TSTROXIDE (57)
SARDNESS
80
1
,.
N8R-methanol
FKM-methanol
FKM-ethanol
b
ALCOHOL, % 8Y VOLUME
8ase Fuel:
Exposuti:
FIGURS 101.
Gssoline with 42% aromatic content
20 days at “70”F (21“C)
“
XFFtiT OF,ALCOSOL-GASOLINE
ON’”ELAS’K)lf@,NS’
(74)
184
BLENDS
J-,()
MIL-HDBK-14 9B
TABLE KKVI .
FLUID R33SISTANCE OF ELASTOMERS
Exposure
Change in
tiardness
Change.in Properties,
Fluid
Temperature
‘F
volume
“c
Tensile
Strength
Elongation
ACRYLDNITR1LE BuTADIENE, LOW ACRYLONITRILE
Durom&er A
Pointb
N8R
ASTM No. 1 Oil
212
100
70 hrs
+5
-lG
ASTM No. 3 Oi1
212
100
70 hrs
, +42
-2s
ASTM Ref Fuel A
75
23
70 hrs
+4
-lo
-16 ,
ASTM Ref Fuel B
75
23
70 hrs
+28
-40
-35
-13
Aromatic Fuels SR6
75
23
+30
-31
-27
-22
168
76
+130
75
23
168 hrs
+58
Oiester Lube
212
100
70 hrs
+16
-50
-54
-7
Ethylene G]YCO1
300
150
70 hrs
+4
-4
-12
-5
Gasoline
75
23
90 days
+6
Hydraulic Oil
75
23
90 days
-3
JP4
75
23
70 hrs
+8
-25
-25
-6
212
100
70 hrs
+190
-90
-75
-30
Vegetable and
Animal Oil
75
23
9Q days
-2
Water
75
23
90 days
-lo
-15
-1
Arometics
Carbon
Tetrachloride
Skydrol 5000
BUTYL
+15
+11 to -30
(
-lo
77
25
Poor
Ethylene Glycol
Excel>ent
Freon 21@
Poor
Gasoline
Poor
..
212
100
70 hrs
+9.6
Toluene
Vegetable and
Mineral Oil
-lo “
-20
-30
Poor
77
25
Excel1ent
CHLOROPREN~
ASTM No. 3 Oil
-6
‘Poor to Fair
ASTM Oils 1, 2, 3
Skydrolo
-3 to -12
llR
r
‘ArcmnticFluids
+3
CR
212
100
70 hrs
+65
-53
ASTM Ref Fuel A
75
23
70 hrs
+16
ASTM Ref Fuel B
75
23
70 hrs
Et;;:o::: Methyl
75
23
70 hrs
185
-40
-i7
-36
-18
-6
+62
-61
-34
-15
+3
-23
-7
-5
“’
MIL-HDBCC-2W9B ,.“::
.,.
:.~)?:$
i‘
,,..... ..,,. ,,..:,,.,..
...
,,,,,
.,:,,;/.,,,
,
Exposure ..:,..
.. .. -:.-Y
,.. .
Change:..iri
Properties, ?,
Fluid
.,
TempeFgtuii‘.
: ..,,,,,
.
.,.,,
,..!,. ,. ,. . ..
Tensi1e ...
“F
“c
Time
Volume
Elongation
;.!~!ng!h,
,.
.,,,..
CHLOROPRENE (toritinued)
j,
,.
,,.
,.,
. .,-,
.
Ethylene Glycol
]
100
212
JP4
‘Skydrol 500@
Water
75
23
212
100
212
109
CHLOROWLFOMATEO POLYETHYLENE
70
21
Carbon
Tetrachloride
70
21
70
,,.,
21
Gasoline”
‘“”
JP4
70
MIL-~-7808 ‘“’”
Oiester Lube
70
21
,.,
21
SAE 10 Oil
70
21
...
T
14 days
14 days,:
+20
14 days
. .,,
14 days
.,,. .
Severe Effect
,,
+50 :
Seve~e “Effect
+100
70
Tributyl
Phosphate
70
21
14 days:
Vegetable and
Mineral Oil
70
21
:.
14 days
.
200
95
14 days,
70
21
Xylem
,..
EPICHLORONYORINCOPOLYMER
,.
Acetone
75
23
ASTM Fuel A
75
23
ASTM Fuel B
75
23
ASTM No. 3 Oil ““
75
23
Oibutyl Phthalaii”
75
23
Ethyl Acetate
75
23
Ethylene’Glycul”
75
’23
23.
Frecm l13@
‘
75
Kerosene
“
75
23
Linseed Oil
:
75
23’
-15
-54
-33
-37
-5
,,,
,
Moderate iffeit
158
Water
-31
Severe Effect ,
,,
\
+1
Moderate,Effect
14 days” ; ,’ +3,
,,
.,,
:,
+11
14 days>
SAE 10 Oil
-22
CSM
+150 ,
14 days
Durometer A
Points
U_lL
,:,’::’
Acetone
Change in
Hardness
,,,
.,
Little or
No:.Effect ,
Moderate Effect
+100
Moderate Effect
“
..
Little W
No,,
Effect
.
.
iittle or
No Effect
Severe Effect “’
m
7 days”
+100
7 days”
+2
‘
..
+19 ~~
7 days”?
? days
?2
“
,,, .
... ..
+80
7 days
,.
7 days’;’.$+95” “
.2?.
;
7 ciays-”’
,.
;.,..
7 days
+7 “ ‘
/,
“
+2 ~~
7 ‘days:
-
106’.
-21
-48
-23
+1
-8
:1
-5
-20
-9
-8
-9
,“+4
‘ -31
-33
.
ECO
; +5
‘
““”
-1
‘o
: :0
-io
‘-31
-56
-21
“ +12
-2
‘“”
,.>.:
-4
.,
-5
-6
.10
+8
-7
,’
.,,.
MI L-C’NJBK-149B
,:,
,,
,.,
●
,.
:TASLE.x
U .
FLUID RESISTANCE OF ELASTOMERS
(Continued)
Exposure
..~,
Change in
Hardness
Change in Properties,
Fluid
.
Temperature
“F
EPICHLOROHVORIN’
COP
“c
I
Vollame
Tensile
Strength
Ourometer A
Points
Elongation
IN2R (continua
ECO
—
-
75
23
? days
+19
-9
.-20
-lo
“75
23
7 days
+5
+2
-20
-9
75
23
7 ;ays
o
+4
+4
0
PerchloroithyleiIe
75
23
7 days
+2B
-3
-20
-15
Pine Ojl<
75
23
7 days
+24
-9
-20
-19
,.75
23
7 days
+2
+4
o
-2
75
23
7 days.
-52
-19
;75
23
7 days
-12
-4
.Ikthanol
Oleic Acid:
Olive Oil,
,;
Texamatic ~luld”
Toluene
‘
Turpentine
,,’
‘
..+95
+B
I
-32
-12
I
tlagrier
Brake”’.
F1ui.d
75
Mater ‘%
75
EPICHLOROliYORINNOMOPOLYIKR
—
75
Acetone
ASTN Fuel A
?5
—
23
7 days
+49
-23
23
7 days
+1
-7
co
—
+105
-32
-61
.-19
7 days
o
-5
-3
-3
-42
-4
-8
0
23
7 d,ays
23
ASllFFual B
%
23
? days
+14
-8
ASTM No. 3 Oil
.75
23
7 days
o
+6
Oibutyl Phthalate
.75
23
7 days
+62
-43
-44
-31
Ethyl Acetate
75
23
7 days
+131
-42
-50
-18
Ethylene &lycol.
75
23
7 days
0
-11
+2
Freon l13@
75
23
7 days
0
.12
-22
+2
Kerosene “
75
23
7 dayi
0
+4
-17
+1
Linseed,Ofl
75
23
7 days
0
-4
-20
0
Nathanol
75
23
7 daya
+B
-B
-67
-9
Oleic Acf,d
75
23
7 days
o
-3
0
+1
Olive Oil
/..
75
23
7 days
0
+4
0
+2
Perchloroethylimi
75
23
7.days
+11
-7
-36
-5
PfneOil
75
23
7 days
o
-lo
-17
-4
75’
23
7 days
0
+7
-6
+1
.75
23
7 days
+96
-32
-50
Turpentine
~5
23
7 days
o
-3
-8
+1
Hagner Brake
Fluid’.
;5
23
7 days
+65
-34
-39
-16
Mater
75
days
o
-1
0
-I
,,
~
Taxamatic Fluid”
101ueni,
23
7
o
—
c
L
~
-17
MIL:HDW-149B
_T~LE
..
XXVI.
.... . .,7, .
‘FLUID 2i&IS~~yCEI:OF,ELASTOMERS; (Cont,lnued)
Exposure
Change in
Hardness
Change in,Properties, z
Fluid.
T.mperatuie
“F
“c
.
Tima
Tensile
Strength
Volune
Elongation
ETHYLENE PROPYLENE DIENE W301FIE0
EPLNI
ASTN NO. 1 Oil
212
75
100
23
72 hrs
12 m
+129’ ,.
+144
-47
.47
-54
-56
-34
-29
ASTM No. 3.Oil
212
75
100
23
72 ‘hrs
12 mo
+216
+212
-61.
-57
-67
-66
-35
-29
Benzaldehyde
212
75
100
23
72 hrs
12 Im
+26
+31
-15
-19
-20
-25
-13
-12
Oioctyl Phthalate
212
75
100
23
72 hrs
12 mo
+40
+10 ,
!,
-12
+9
-17
+4
-lB
-6
Mater
212
75
100
23
72 hrs
12 ma
+6
+8
.,
+2
+9
+2
+3
Ethyl,Alcohol
212
75
100
23
72 hrs’
12 MCI
+8
+7
+5
+8
-4
+2
Ethyl Ether
212
75
100
23
72 hrs
12 mo
+97
+1OB
...-58..
-62
-62
-60
-28
-25
Hexane
212
75
100
23
72 hrs
12 mo
+178 :
+194
-63
-68
-70
-69
-30
-28
Lard
212
75
100
23
72 hrs
12 Inn
-30
-1,6
-33
-21
-26
-15
Methyl Ethyl
Setone
212
7s
100
23
.72 hrs
.12,n0
-17
.-1
-21
-3
-12
-6
Perchloroethylene
,,
2$,
100
23.
72 ‘hrs
1210f,
-76
-58
-60
-51
-40
-30
Skydrol 500°
212
75
100
23 ,.
;;.:.,
,-0.2
: ,+10
+1
+3
-4
-1
lW
23
72 hrs.
+218
12 mm
~’ +179,
-i7
j -62
-70
-67
-35
-30
.101uene
.212
75
+1
+1
~~
‘-o:;
+64
+32 ,,
+16
+1o
+207
+104
.
‘“
,.
,,
+10.
+1
FLUOROUR60N (VITON@)
Fk31
AWNO.
1 011
300
150
.,
7.days
A3mN0.
3oil
300
150
7 days
+2.3,
.5
0
-1
ASTM Ref Fuel A.
75,
23
3 days
o,
ASTN Ref Fuel B
75
23
7 days
+2.5
+7
o
+1
Carlmn
Tetrachloride
75
23
7 days
+1.3
-15
-17
+2
400
200
7 days
+9.3
-29
-2
:3
75
23
28 days
+4:.
450
230
2B days
+1.6
75
23
7 days
+22.9
01ester ‘Lube
6as01ine
JP4
:.
Durometer A
‘Points
Red Finning
Nitric Acid
188..: :
,
MIL-HDBK-149B
TASLE KXVI.
(Continued)
ExPosure
Change in
Hardness
Change fn Properties, %
Fluid
I
Temperature
Tensile
“F
Durometer A
“c
FKM
FLUOROCARBON (VITON@) (continued)
!
Skydrol@
212
100
28 days
+270
Transmission
Fluid, Type A
212
100
7 days
+1.5
Tributyl Phosphate
212
100
7 days
+375
75
23
7 days
+4
Vegetable and
Animal Oil
I
I
FLUID RESISTANCE OF ELAsTOMERS
-23
-21
-39
-lo
-2
75
23
168 hrs
+180
ASTM No. 1 Oil
300
150
70 hrs
o
0
ASTM No. 3 Oil
300
150
“7o hrs
+5
-25
-lo
-5
ASTM Ref Fuel A
75
23
70 hrs
+15
-40
-30
-5
ASTM Ref Fuel B
77
25
48 hrs
+20
-50
-20
-6
Carbon
Tetrachloride
77
25
48 hrs
+20
-30
-20
-5
JP4
77
25
70 hrs
+1o
-35
-20
-5
MIL-L-78D8
Oiester Lube
30D
150
70 hrs
+8
-9
-24
-8
Phosphate Ester’
Hyd aulic Fluid
f
Skydrol 500@
25o
120
70 hrs
+11
25o
120
70 hrs
+28
-8o
75
23
168 hrs
+20
-45
Acetone
Xylene
f4ETHYLVINYL SILICONE
I
-5
FVMQ
FLUOROSILICONE
I
-1
-4
-17
-26
-35
-lo
VMQ
—
ASTM No. 1 Oil
300
150
70 hrs
+8
-lo
-15
-5
ASTM No. 1 Oil
300
150
168 hrs
+10
-36
+6
-9
ASTM No. 3 Oil
300
150
70 hrs
+80
-40
-25
-15
Oiester Oils
350
175
168 hrs
+25
141
L-L-7808
Oiester Lube
350
175
70 hrs
+25
-97
-49
-25
Tricresyl
Phosphates
350
175
70 hrs
+10
212
100
70 hrs
+3
-18
-15
-5
Mater 8ased
Hydraulic Fluid
70
21
70 hrs
+10
ASTM Ref Fuel A
70
21
70 hrs
+140
-75
-50
-15
70
21
70 hrs
+200
-70
-6o
-20
JP4
—
189
MIL-HDBK-149B
T~LE’ml.-~
.-
...
. .
FLUID Zf31SISTtiCEOF ELASTOmRS-(cent.fnUed)
. ... . . .
,
,.
,.,..~
.
...
(“
..:
~.-., :
Change in
Hardness
Exposure.
Change in Properties. %
. .. .
.
Fluid
,-,.
, ~ ‘., ,’:
Temperitur6
HF
PERFLuOROELASTOMER
““c;
..
Time
Volume
Tensile
Strength
Elongation
‘.
Qurometer A
Points
FFKM
ASTM No. :1Oil
375
190
120 hrs
+0.6’
o
-11
+5
ASTM No. 3 Oil
375
190
120 hrs
.+3.7
-14
-8
+3
Stauffer
Blend 7700@
302
150
+4
+23
+14
-2
400
400
500
500
205
205
260
260
70
16B
70
168
::
o
o
-23
+1o
0
+8
+2
0
+1
+3
250
120
16B hrs
,,
+2
+33
o
-3
?3
23
168 hrs
+1
-27
0
Benzene
73
23
,168 hrs
+1.3
-20
0
Carbon
Tetrachloride
73
23
168 h!%
+3.2
weight
-25
0
Chlorobenzene
73
23
16B hrs
+1
Cyc16hextine
73
23
168 hrs
+1
Ethanol
73
23
16B hrs
o
Ethyl Acetate
73
23
168 hrs
+1.2
weight
-27
0
Hexane,
73
23
168 hrs
+1
73
23
16B hrs
+1
73
23
168 hrs
+1
73
23
168 hrs
+2
“
450
550
230
290
-20
-2s
+225
+230
Tetrahydrofuriwi
73
~23
168 hrs
+1
Toluen’e
73
23
164 hrs
+>1
Turbine Engine.
Ofl,.MIL-L-23699B,
Type 11
‘:
Skydrol 500°
Acetone
-
Methyl Ethyl
,Ketonf
.!
Nitrobeniene
,.
“
Perjhlornethylene
Steam
14 days
hrs
hrs
hrs
hrs
“14days
14 days
+1
+3.5
+8.5
+10.5
+22
.+22
PHOSPtlONITRILIt.
FLuOROELASTOMIR
ASTN.NO. 1 Oil
,,
.
ASti No..3 Oil
,,’
,.
$.TN,,,
Ref
Fuel
.,.
.,,,..A
,.
,’.
.,
.
3:
,,
1:
3:;
1;:
73
20U
23
.’95’
FZ
166 hrs
166 hrs
$,
166 hrs
166 hrs
..
166 hrs
“166 hrs
-12
-15
-14
-7
+1
+1
o
+2
.;;
-;:
+1
-2
+6
+13
-26
-29
.1:
-i:
0.
o
MIL-,@BK-149B
TABLE ~1.
●
FLUID RESISTANCE OF ELASTOMERS .(Continued)
,
Exposure
Change in
Maraness
Change in ‘Properties,y
Temperature
Flutd
“F
‘c
Time
Volume
Tens<le
Strength
~u~mney
Elongation
P!iOSPHoNITRILICFLuOROELASTOMER
ASTM Ref Fuel B
2;;
1::
166 hrs
166 hrs
+11
+16
-31
-23
-14
-22
1;:
::
166 hrs
166 hrs
+12
+15
-22
-2B
,.:
-12
-12
23
166 hrs
1;:
90
166 hrs
+11
+15
-33
-25
-9
-9
-12
-12
2:
1::
166 hrs
166 hrs
+4
+9
-22
-12
-14
-14
-4
-4
1%
166 hrs
166 hrs
+2
+B
-24
-19
-14
3;
0
-4
-4
Aviation 100
Jet Reference
Fuel
JP4
JPB
JP1O
Anderol 774
166 hrs
+2
-36
-21
-3
3;;
1;:
166 hrs
166 hrs
.+2
+lo
-lo
-Z1
;
::
3;;
1;:
166 hrs
166 hrs
+2
+10
.;:
o
+9
-6
-13
3:
1::
166 hrs
166 hrs
+4
+29
-14
-46
-14
-21
,12
+14
3;:
1:;
166 hr$
166 hrs
+6
+22
-11
-3B
-7
-14
.;:
3;:
1::
166 hrs
166 hrs
+3
+15
.17
-38
-14
+7
-5
-20
3;:
1::
166 hrs
166 hrs
+3
+11
-i;
-7
o
-6
0
300
150
166 hrs
+2
-22
-14
-1
2;:
1$;
166 hrs
166 hrs
+1
+4
-7
-4
-7
-7
.:
2%
23
135
166 hrs
166 hr$
+1
+2
-6
.5
-7
0
-:
73
23
166 hrs
+154
-63
-21
-9
1;;
166 hrs
166 hrs
-15
-9
+,:
2;:
300
150
166 hrs
-51
0
@
MIL-L-7808
MIL-L-23699
Grease, Lithium
Lithium Based
MIL-H-5606B
!IIL-H-B3282A
Skyclrol500B4
@
Brayco !!icron$c
@
762
HydrauliC
Fluid
Silicone Brake
Fluid,
MIL-B-46176
-7
-7
23
Arctic Oiesel
Fuel
Stauffer
~
Blend 7700
MS 3021
,
73
Jet Fuel A
●
FZ
+0.4
+3
+32
191
.-3
-7
A
MIL-HDBK-149B
TABLE, KKVI. . FLUID RESISTANCE OF ELASTOMERS. (Continued)
Change in
Hardness
Exposure
Changi in Properties; %
Temperature
‘Fluid
Tensile
Strength
Volume
Elongation
FZ
PHOSPHONITRILIC FLuOROELASTOMER (continued)
-
73
Oowthenn J o
300
23
150
166 hrs
166 hrs
2;;
23
100
166 hrs
166 hrs
llurometerA
Points
+6
+12
-lo
-24
-16
-9
-lo
-lo
0
0
+8
+8
-3
-6
Monsanto
Coolant 25R @
Acetone
73
Benzene
73
180
Ethyl Acetate
Ethylene Glycol
Methylene Chloride
Tetrachloro.
ethylene
Tetrahydrofuran
+1.2
+1.2
23 .166 hrs
+166
-76
-36
-14
23
80
166 hrs
166 hrs
+14
+15
-26
-37
0
-9
-11
-12
73
23
166 hrs
+167
-79
-43
-11
-14
-14
0
1:;
166 ‘hrs
166 hrs
+2
3:;
100
38
166 hrs
+15
-40
-14
-21
-7
73
25o
1;:
166 hrs
166 hrs
+8
+15
-20
-18
+9
-9
-12
-11
73
23
166 hrs
+153
-69
-36
-12
23
2;:
110
166 hrs
166 hrs
+13
+19
-29
-31
-14
-14
-lo
-lo
1;;
23
90
166 hrs
166 hrs
+11
+16
-35
-26
-21
-14
-8
-8
2;:
23
138
166 hrs
166 hrs
+13
+19
-19
-17
+9
+9
-14
-16
Toluene
Trichloroethylene
Xylene
—
Oegraded
POLYACRYLATE
ACM
ASTM No. 1 Oil
212
100
70 hrs
o
+10
-20
+10
ASTM No. 3 Oil
212
100
70 hrs
+7,
-20
-35
+1o
ASTM Ref Fuel,A
75
23
24 hrs
+1
-9
-3
0
ASTM Ref Fuel B
75
23
24 hrs
+45
-75
+43
-lo
Ethylene Glycol
212
100
70 hrs
300
150
70 hrs
+5
-75
+43
-lo
75
23
168 hrs
+50
-50
-20
-20
Toluene
158
70
168 hrs
+300
-70
-70
-50
Vegetable and
Mineral Oil
212
100
70 hrs
o
7s
23
168 hrs
+16
Hypoid Oil
5R-6 oil
Hater
‘,
~
Disintegrated
192
‘1
-50
-4
I
+15
-25
MIL-HDBK-149B
TABLE XXVI .
FLUID RESISTANCE OF ELASTOMERS
(Continued)
Exposure
Change in
Hardness
Change in Properties, %
Fluid
Temperature
“F
“c
Volume
~~Time
Tensile
Strength
~u~~r
A
Elongation
.!01
POLVSULFIOE
AST?INO; 1 Oil
80
27
30 days
.4
-5a
-?oa
-4a
ASTM NO. 3 Oil
“80’
27
30 days
-2
-18a
-33a
-15a
ASTM Ref Fuel A
80
27
30 days
+2
Oa
-Zoa
ASTN Ref Fuel E
80
27
30 days
+1o
Carbon
Tetrachloride
80
27
30 days
+46
Ethylene Glycol
80
27
30 days
+2
Gesoline
80
27
30 days
+3
JP4
80
27
30 days
+1
Mineral Oil
80
27
30 days
-2
Skydrol o
80
27
30 days
●24
Toluene
80
27
30 days
+70
Vegetable Oil
80
27
30 days
o
Water
80
27
30 days
+5
ASTM No. 1 hil
75
23
168 hrs
-1
0
ASTM No. 3 Oil.
75
23
168 hrs
+3
o
ASTM Ref Fuel A
75
23
168 hrs
Carbon
Tetrachloride
75
23
168 hrs
Cotton Seed Oil
75
23
168 ill-s
Ethylene GIYCO1
75
23
168 hrs
130
54
JP4
75
23
168 hrs
+3
-2
...
-3
Mineral Oil
75
23
168 hrs
o
-25
Skydrol @
75
23
168 hrs
+80
-lo
Tricresyl
Phosphate
75
23
168 hrs
+41
-20
“.,’
Xylene
75
23
168 hrs
+39
Oa
POLYURETHANE
Hot klater
●
a
,0
o
+62
+2
65 days
70 hours at 212°F (1OO”C).
193
-5
o
‘“’
cm plete Disintegration
.
.
..
MIL-HDBX-1’49F
TASLE XXVII.
REACTION” Oi “VARIOUS RUBBERS TC HYDsAZINE AND
NITRczm
TETROXIDE sxwsusz
Rub ber
Acrylonit=ile
Butyl,@esin
HY drazine-Type~el
B~t~~iene N=~
Cured
{57)
softens, mills
... ,
lIR
Chloroprene
CR
Chlorosulfonated
Polyethylene
CSN
N
gimuny
very iesistant
.’ .-.
., .’,
Diaaolves
‘.
Disintegrate
,,
.6*118 ‘.
Slist&sj
itroqen Tetroxide
,,.
Blisters, dis$blvea
6we118 exbeaaively
Ethylene propylene
Diine
Modified
EPDP#
Very resi st&rit
CFN
Blisters, becqes
tacky :.
FKM
hbr+tt les, f’la)ceti
Swells excessively
Fluorosilicone
Dissolves’
Limited %atiafactory
performance
Methyl, Vinyl silicone
Softens, loaea
propetiiea .,
Fluorocarbon,
Kel-F
Fluo”rocar)mn, Viton A
Disintegrates
~ ~:
‘
,
Swells, &COIIW a
tacky
Hardena, ‘disicte;.gratea
Polysulf ide
,..
,.
.; .,,
;
,,
,.
.’
‘i..
.,
>,
,:
,,
.,
....
.. .
,.,
.. . . .
,.,
““”1$4
.:.,,’
,,, ,..
:,
‘
MIL:~DBK.~1496,.,,
●
TABLE XXVI 1.1. JJ.5E,,
OF. RI@BER. IN ACIDS ND
,.. .,.
.,..
.
.,
,.”.
,.
.:
... . .
.. -
:.,-’”-,.’,’.
,:.
ALKALI,.AT R~M
.
. . ..
. . . . ... . .
...
“’.
.,.,.
!“”’”
. ..
.
.. .......... . .
,.,.
. : ..’.. ,. Acid.
I
I
Acrylonitrile,
Butadtene
..
,,.. ).Hydrochloric
Cone. dil,
Rubber.
~BR,<
““
‘c
OK
TEMPERATIJRE
,,, ..
,,.
, .,.:,..;,
,,
“SuTfhric
Nitric *
:onc. .dil. ‘umingdil.
c
OK
NG
NG
kali
!,.,.,,,, ,Al
Sodium
Hydroxide
‘hosphoric :onc. dil.
NG
OK !
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
c
OK
OK
c
OK
NG
c
c
NG
c
c
,..
OK
NG
c
OK
OK
OK
c
OK
.C
OK.
OK
OK
OK
c
OK
c
OK
c
c
OK
OK
c
~~ ., NG
.,...
OK
NG
OK
NG
OK
c’
OK
NG
OK
c
NG
OK
NG
c
c
c
NG.
‘WG
tIK
c
OK
iiG
c
c“
OK
c
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
Phosphonitril
ic
FluoroelastomerFZ
NG
c
NG
c
NG
c
NG
c
OK
Polysulfide
EOT
NG
OK
NG
OK
NG
c
NG
OK
OK
Polyurethane
AU,E1
NG
NG
NG
NG
NG
NG
NG
NG
NG
Styrene
Butadiene
SBR
NG
OK
—
NG
OK
—
NG
c
NG
OK
c
—
,,,
Ethylene Propy”~
lene’Diene
EPDM
I
F1uorocarbon
,0
F1uorosilicone
Nethyl Vinyl
Silicone
Natural”
~
OK
c
Chlorusul
fonated
z.
Polyethylene CSM
I
c
OK
OK
IIR
,.
.,., ,.
CR
c
,.
...,.
,.
Butyl
Chloroprene
I
OK
FKJ4’
w
“NR’
Perfluoro@lastomer
FFI?I
Legend: OK - Suitable
●26%
**70%
NG - Not suitable
C - Use with caution,preferablyafter servicetests
., ..
195
,.
t.iIL-HDbK-149B
7.4
7.4.1
Effects of Heat and Humidity (Hydrolysis)
‘I’hecombination of high atmospheric temperatures and high humidity is
USUdlly of little concern to rubber designers and engineers, because natural
and most man-made rubbeIs are qite re~i~tant to ~~ch ~ondition~.
Polyester
urethane rubbers, All, however, are a notable exception, many of them’ breaking
down rapidly in hot, humid atmospheres.
At temperatures above about 1200F
(500c) and in the presence of high hwidity, polyester urethanes hydrolyze
by scission of main chain ester groups. The result is reversion of the rubber
to “a tar-like mass. Below about 1200F (500c) and again in the presence of
high humidity,
the bieakdwon
id evidence by cracking followed by gradual
softening. Both types of hydrolytic degradation usually occur in less than
one year of exposure outdoors.
7.4.2 A short term lak,oratory test method has teen developed for use in the
evaluation of the hydrolytic stability of’vulcanized rubber. Useful primarily
in identifying the poor hydrolytic stability of polyester urethanes, the test
method should prove invaluable for use with all newly developed polymers whose
hydrolytic stability is suspect.
Standard Test Method fOr Rubber
7.4.3 The method is ASTM ktandard D3137, ,,
Property - Hydrolytic ~~
Stability”. Tensile dumbbell specimens are exposed to
the influence of humid environments mder definite conditions of temperature,
humidity, and time. The resulting hydrolytic degradation is determined by
measuring the change in tensile strength after exposure over distilled water.
Exposure tine and temperature are 96 hours and. 1850F (850c),
The test method recommends that dtunbkxsllspecimens also be
respectively.
eXpOSed to dry heat in an air oven (ASTM Standard D573) for $6 hours at
lfs501?(85°C) . This latter procedure aids in distinguishing bstween the
effects of hydrolysis and those due to heat aging.
‘7.4.4 The data shown in Title XXIX resulted from tests of eighteen rubber
compounds using ASTM Standard D3137. The compounds are all based on
commercially available polymers and standard recipes. The tests were
conducted at 1800F (E2°C) which was the test temperature specified in the
original version of ASTM Standard D3137. The currently specified temperature
is lE5°F (’85°C)but the data of Table XXIX are valid because no
significant differences were ,,not$dwhen’ tests were performed at the two
temperature s.. ,
,,
7.4.5 Gf the eighteen compounds tested, all but the two, based on polyester
urethanes are’, from years of experience, known to be stable to hydrolysis.
The results of the tests over wate’r verify this fact. The changes in tensile
strength of all but “the polyester urethanes range from +8 to -15 percent.
Changes of’ this magriitude axe not.considered to @, significant because they
are within the range of values attributed to ,,,the
reproducibility of the
tensile test. Twc Cmrpounds exhib:te’d sigriificarit’losses. in tensile strength
after exposure’,over water,, suggesting ‘that these two polyester urethane (AU)
cor,pounds would deteri.pr}te rapid”ly in humid’ cl.i~iite
S”.
,.,,
.
-’.,,
..”
1S6
MIL-HGBK-149B
IQ
(-1
?
Ubmum.
lndmul
11$711+11
*
I
r-r-m
l+++
U-I u
1
0
u
w
197
— Downloaded
—.–
from http://www.everyspec.com
}lIL-HDEX-1496
,.
7.4.6 All “eighteen’ccmpounds were also tested after a four-day exposure in
a circulating air oven at lFJOOF (P2nc) . .This was done to ka certain that
any large changes in tensile strength no-ted aftar the exposure over hot water
The rssults given in the
.Were due. to. hydrolysis rather than to heat alone.
column headed “Air Ovsn” of ‘Yabl.iXXIX show that none of the eighteen
compounds deteriorated significant ly because of heat aging. Thus, the 37 and
69 percent losses in the tensile strengths of the polyester urethane compoqnds
were due .to hydrolysis and not to heat alone.
7.4.7 Eleven compounds of Table XXIX were exposed outdoors in Panama to
detemine whether correlation existed between the results of the four-day test
over water and results from long-te III!
outdoor exposure. Average
temperature
Climatological data for the exposure period were as follows:
793F (260c) ; relative humidity 94 percent; annual precipitation of 146
inches (3759 mm) of water. As indicated by the data, four compounds suffered
Significant losses in tensile strength after outdoor exposure in Panama. TWO
of these compounds, based on SBR and polybutadiene, did not deteriorate
significantly during the accelerated test. This apparent leek of correlation
is explained by the fact that these compounds are known to undergo fairly
Thus, the se losses in strength of the s6R and
rapid oxidative aging outdoors.
polybutadiene compounds during Panama exposure are due to oxidation and not to
The two’polyester urethane compounds deteriorated rapidly in
hydrolysis.
Panama as well as in the accelerated test over water, proving that the
deterioration was due to hydrolysis.
7.4 .S Experience with ASTM Standard D3137 has shown that a rutber compound
will resist hydrolysis after years of outdoor sxposure in hot, humid climates
if it loses no mere than 30 percent of its original tensile strength during
the fcur-day test over water.
7.5
7.5.1
Permeability
Gas Permeability
“7.5.1.1 The permeability of an elastomer to gases, pafiicularlY air, is of
intereat where rubber components are raquired to maintain gases under prsssurs
Such applications occur in bladders
at room as well as elevatad temperatures.
used to contain a pressurized gas, and in mechanical, seals which must prevent
leakage and pressure loss. Aside fxom the’ loss of pressure, the detarioxat ion
of the rubber caused by th,apermeating gases, particularly 0xY9en/. is of
concern.
7.5.1.2 Permeability ia sxpressed as the volume of gas, corrected to
standard conditions (OOC, 760-~. merc”~)
which pe~eat.es a specimen of one
equare centimetre araa, one cektimatre thickness in one second. For low
permeability, a rubber should contain m.+cirnunloading of fiher and minimtnn
load ng of plasticizer.
Laminar type fillers are most suitable for retarding
Table xxx presents the air permeability rates for the major
pemneability.
elastaner groups at five temperatures ~, “The.abaence ‘of data for the higher
that kny
of the elastaoera
had deteriorated
beyond
the
temperatures indicates
point of being able to test them.
lse
,,.
MIL-HDBK-l~9S
TABLE XXX .
AIR PER2.3P.ABILITT
OF VARIOUS ELASTOMERS
Pen
75”F
(23”C)
-
Elastcaner
Acrylonitrile
Butadiene
NBR
0.13
Butyl
llR
0.02
32-
XBNR
...
4
CR
Chlorosulfonated
Polyethylene
O.B
I
:lity x 10)
250°F
(120”C)
350°F
(175”C)
400”F
)
(200”C
2.2
6.6
--10
1.3- 1.8
5.6-
-2.6
2.3 - 6.2
7.1 - 14
-..
0.10
98 -1.7
2.6 - 3.0
7.3
---
CSM
0.72
0.73
2.3
6.2
---
Epichlorohydrin
Copolyner
ECO
0.20
---
B.7
---
-..
Epichlorohydrin
Homopolyner
co
0.01
---
3.6
.-.
..-
Fluorocarbon
(Kel-F 3700°)
CFM
...
0.8
3.4
15.6
---
FYM
1.5
9.6
49
-..
FKJ4
...
0.s8
3.7
14.6
---
---
..-
.-.
---
16.3
---
69 - 11
tarboxylic
Acrylonitri1e
Butadiene
Copolmr
(Hycar 1072°)
Chloroprene
Fluorocarbon
(Viton A@)
14ethacrylate
Methyl Vinyl
Silicone
VMQ
11 - 33
0.46
35 - 47
24
6.1
74
NR
0.49
4.4
7.1
20.7
26.2
Polyacrylate
(Acrylon,EA-5°)
ACM
0.16
1.5
3.7
10..2
..-
Polyacrylate
(HyCar 40210)
ACM
0.19
1.8
4.8
9.4
---
Polyacrylate
(Vyram@)
ACM
0.007
0.24
0.56
5.1
---
Polysulfide
EOT
0.02
0.37
1.6
melted
---
Polyurethane
Polyester Type
AU
0.05
0.97
3.1
7.1
reel
ted
Polyurethane
Polyether Ty e
(Adiprene C $ )
EU
---
2.3
3.8
16.6
---
SBR
‘0.25
2.9
4.7
15.4
:-.
Natural Rubber
Styrene Butadiene
‘0
175°F
(79”C)
(34)
NOTE:
(a) Permeability is expressed in cubic centifrwtresof air (corrected to standard conditions)
per SeCOnd filch would permeate thrOugh one square Centi~tre Of VU~CaniZate one
centimetra thick with one atmosphere of pressure difference.
199
MIL-HDBK-149B
TEMPERATURE, “C
23
70
,,.?38:’
““;5
80
95
120
150
175
200
I
—,
50
40
.,
30
,,,
20 -,
“lo -.,
5
4 -,, ,,
,.
3 —
.,.,
2 -,
1.0
{
x
,’,’
-1
/
0.5
0.4
0.3 -,
0.2
0.1
0.05
J
0.03
/y”’
‘“,,
1’”1”
+
0.04, -%
1’
75:
100
150
175200
I
I
I
250
300
350
I
400
TEMPERATURE, ‘F
FIGURB 102.
, .:.
AIR PSRMEABILITIES OF ELASTO‘,
.
,.,,, .,. .
,.
200
AT ELSVATED TW,PERATURES
(34)
}lIL-HDEK-149B
7.5.1.3
Figure
102
presents
permeability
temperature
curves
for
six
and shows tht polyacrylate (Vyram ) and butyl rubber have the
lowest pemeakility
rates. At room temperature, the permeability of silicone
(V!@) rubber is 1000 times greater than that of butyl. This is reduced to 20
times at 400°F (ZOOOC) . The.permeability of butyl, polyurethane, and
silicone (vP@) rubbers to nitrogen is substantially the same as for air.
elastomers
7.5.2
Water Vapor Permeability.
7.5.2.1 Rubber frequently serves as a barrier ,between moist environments
and personnel or materiel that would suffer if exposed to water vapor. Rubber
coatings or rubber coated fabrics are used in the fabrication of tents and
Rubber covers and coccxms see use as noi sture barriers for
tarpaulins.
sensitive components such as engines, electric motors, and even entire
The rubber diaphragm in a gas
automotive vehicles, aircraft, and locomotives.
accumulator of a gun recoil mechanism is not only a barrier between nitrogen
gas and recoil fluid but also retards the movement of water vapor that might
be mixed with gas.
.
l—
7.5.2.2 The most imp6rtant factors to consider in selecting or developing a
rubber compound having low water vapor permeability are the polymer type. and
amount and type of filler and the plasticizer or process oil content. Polymer
type is very inpotiant. As a broad generalization for unfilled polymers, the
more polar the polymer, the lcwer the permeability will be. This is so
because activation energies for diffusion increase with increasing polymer
Table XXXI shcws the water vapor transmission rates (WVTR ) for
polarity.
The relationship
rubber compounds based on commercially available polymers.
between high polymer polarity and low permeability is not strictly borne out
by the data of Table XXXI. Differences in state of cure may account for some
of the discrepancies, others may be due tc varying degrees of interaction
betwsen p lymer and carbon black. The high penneab,ilities of tbe polysulfide,
f’ ‘
polyurethane, silicone, and polyacrylate-based compounds may be due to the
‘“
relatively poor hydrolytic stability of these polymers.
7.5.2.3 The effects of filler type, size, and amount on the permeability of
an EPDM-lxsed compound are shown in Table XXXII. The compound was cured with
sulfur,. Altax
, and methyl tuads. The first pcrtion of Table XXXII shows
that large size.carbon black particles are more effective in reducing the
The middle
water vapor transmission ‘rate than are the smaller particles.
portion of the table shows the effectiveness of some white fillers in lcwering
the WVl%. The last portion of the table shows the effect of the lamellar
filler mica on WVTR. Here again, the larger the particle size, the lower the
The plate-like mica particles are so effective because their
permeability.
shape aids in blocking the diffusion of water vapor.
7.5.2.4 Caution should be exercised in employing fillers to reduce the
water permeability of a rubber compound. As shown in Table XXXIII, increasing
amounts of mica added to an EPDN compound bring about decreases in tensile
strength and elongation, increases in hardness and compression
detract frorc flexibility at low temperatures.
set, and
7.5.2.5 The use of plasticizers and oils in a rubber compound increases the
WVTR, as indicated in Table XXX IV. This effect is true for both paraffinic
and napthenic process oils as well as for most rubber plasticizers.
201
MIL-HDBK-149B
TABLE XXXI .
WATEh VAPOF, TKAhSMISSIGN PATE (wVTF.) CF FUEEE F COMPCUNDS
BASED ON VARIOUS POLYNERS IN INCREASING CRDER (17)
Polymer Type
WVTR
9rams H20/24 hr (Note 1)
.,.
,,.
Butyl
Chlorokutyl
Low Density Polyethylene Plastic
Ethylene Propylene Copolymer
Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene
Ethylene Po~ylene Diene
Flucroelastomer
Chloroprene
hatur.il Rubk.er
Styrene Butadiene
Epichlorohydrin
Butadiene/Ac~lonitrile
80/20
Butadiene/Ac~lonitrile
60/40
Polysulfide
Polyether urethane
Polyester urethane
Dimethyl phenyl siloxane “.
Polyacrylate (acrylic ester)
Note 1.
‘ “IIR
~~~
CIIR
EPM
CF!S
EPDM
FKM
CR
M
SBF
co
NBF.
NBR
EOT
~“
Au’
PMQ
ACM
0.03
0.03
0.05
0.16
0.18
0.19
0.24
0.57
0.58
0.73
0.8$5
1.4
1.6
3.4
3.7
.5.5
6.5
7.3
Detemlined in accordance with ASTM Sta”ndard E96, Procedure “E,
Specimen:
100 sq.’ in. “(64,516 Hm2) surface area, O.O3O in.
(O.76 mm) thick.
,.~
.,,
.,,
,..
.,
’202
●
MIL-HDBK-149E
TABLE XXXII .
EFFECT OF FILLERS ON THE wVTK OF AN SFOM RUBBER cOMPOUND (62)
Filler (Note 1)
Diameter,
mu, ( m)
(Note 2) ,
grams HzO/24 hr
WVTR
SAF carbon black
20
0.29
FEF ‘carbon black
45
0.23
FT carbon black
150
0.20
MT carbon black
300
0.20
Hi Sil 233
0.34
Ground Quartz
0.21
Tit anox
0.21
Silica microballoons
0.20
Teflon
0:19
powder
.,
Laminar
0.18
Dixie clay
0.16
Talqum powder
0.12
m
mesh
Mica
5
4750
0.19
Mica
20
850
0.15
-Mica
50
300
0.12
Mica
160.
95
0.10
Mica
325
45
0.11
tiote 1.
A1l fillers were used at the 50 pphr level.
Note 2.
NVTR was determined in accordance with ASTM Standard E96,
Procedure E.
(
203
.
MIL-IiDBK-149B
●
●
●
.204
,.
.,
I
KIL-HLBK- 149?
TA6LE XXXIV.
I
EFPSCT CF PRCCESS cIL ON THI?wVTR OF ETHYLENE
PROPYLENE TEP.PGLYNER FOEBER (EPDli) (17)
Process Oil,
arts b weight
I
Note
I
wVTR
grams H, O/24 hr (Note 1)
o
0.20
20
0.23
40
0.25
60
0.27
Determined in accordance with AS~ Standard E96,
100 sq in. (64,516 nm2) surface
Procedure E, Specimen:
area, 0.030 in. (0.76 nun) thick.
205
MIL-HDBK-149B
L
0
●
206
I
I
I
‘o
MIL-HDBK-149B
7.5.2.6 Butyl rubber (IIK) exhibits the lowest permeability of all rubber
polymers but it is somewhat difficult to process, especially by injection
;Olding.
By blending EPDM with IIR, impr~ved processability can be achieved
with only a slight increase in permeability, as shown in Table XXXV for three
blends.
7.6
Electrical
Insulation
Applications.
7.6.1 Rubber used in electrical service must not only be able %0 meet
electrical requirements but must withstand, for ‘a reasonable life period, the
This means that
environmental conditions existing under service conditions.
frequently the choice of rubber will be as dependent on mechanical as on the
For instance, where oil is likely to be present in the
electrical conditions.
environment, an oil resistant rubber is required. At high temperatures,
silicones or fluorosilicones will be required. Abrasion resistance is
required in wire and cable insulation that is subjected to chafing during
installation and dragging on the ground. Low water-absorption characteristics
are desirable since water absorption lowers insulation properties and
dielectric strength.
7.6.2 Electrical properties of primary important : are insulation
resistance, dielectric strength, volume resistivity, and dielectric coistant.
7.6.2.1 Dielectric strength indicates resistance of the material to voltage
breakdown expressed in volti/mil (or V/crml, and is a functiOn Of several
parameters such as thickness of insulation, temperature, and time of v01ta9e
Dielectric strength increases nearly linearly with wall
application.
thickness, but wide variations exist between various compounds .of a base
Dielectric strength is usually determined in accordance with ASTM
polymer.
Standard D145. The maximum stress occurs at the surface of the insulation.
The electrical stress at any point, P, in the insulation is given by the
formula:
I
s=
v
Eq. 48
2.303r loglo 2
I
whe se
S = the stress in V/roil (V/mm) at a point P
~
V = the voltage across insulation, volts
r = the distance Of p from the cylindrical axis, roils (~)
d = the ID of insulation
D = the OD of in.g”lation
7.6.2.2 Ins”latian resistance denotes resistance of flow of current through
the insulation, usually measured for direct current only and in accordance
with ASTN Standard D257. The direct current insulation resistance, expressed
in ohms of a single conductor cable of length, L, is calculated by the formula
207
NIIL-HDBK-14$B
Eq. 49
where
K = the
qec
d =
diameter
the
if ic
resistance,
ohm-cm,
of conductor
D = the CD of, insulation
L = the length “of cabie, cm
7.6.2.3
The dielectric constant, denoting electrostatic, capacitance, is a
dimensionless
property which expresses the ability of an insulation to hold an
electrostatic charge compared with that of air. The capacitance value of a cm
length of an insulated wire is
c=,
K
Eq. 50
2 loge :.
where
K = the specific resistance, ohm-cr,,
C,=, the dielectric constant
D = the OD of insulation
d = the diameter of conductor
7,6.3 The highest degree of suitability for electrical engineering
applications iS fOund in materials ‘having this cOmbinatiOn Of prOpe~iee:
high dielectric strength, high resistivity, low dielectric constant, and low
power factor. The difficulty of selecting elastomers for electrical
explications ia similar to that encountered in the selection ‘for mechanical
dPPlicati0n6; no single rubber offers clearly outstanding properties in all
respects. Sometimes materials with inferior electrical properties may even
have to be chosen because severe mechanical or chemical requirements
predominate.
Takle XXXVI’ shows electrical properties for seven elastomers.
The change in dielectric constant &sulting from water immersion is shown in
Figure 103. Figures 104 and 105 show the values of some electrical properties
of silicone rubber. Electrical propetiies. as well as other propetiies, can
be varied widely ky use of various filters and additives. The dielectric
conetant can ba varied rather easily f mm about’ 2.7 up to 5.0 and higher; the
power factor can be varied frem, O.0005 to 0..1or mere by compounding.
7.7
Electrically Conductive Rubber
7,7.1 Although robber is considered an insulating material, any polymer can
be made to have limited electrical conduction character sties by the addition
of carbon black or metallic particles.
While carbon is a good conductor. the
206
●
PIIL-HDBK-149B
I
I
dispersion of carbon black in the rubber prevents the fcrmat ion of a real lY
continuous electrical path. To provide electrically conductive compounds,
special forms of carbon black, such as ASTM Standard D1765, No. 472 or
acetylene carbon black, are used. These form long clusters which lower the
resist ivity of the rubber. Such rubbers are harder and have lower tensile
strength than nonconductive compounds. Minimum practical hardness is 60
Durometer A. The resistivity of such rubber varies from 1 to 5 ohm-cl!!in
sheet and film form, and from 10 to 1G6 ohm-cr, in molded products.
Conductive silicone rubber compounds have been developed with a resistivity
range of 10 to 105 ohm-cm and with general properties similar to those of
conventional silicones.
7.7.2 Control of the exact resistivity is almost impossible as the
magnitude of variation from one batch to another is as high as 200 percent.
Thexefoxe, specifications of sheets must bs tied to resistivity rather than in
dimensional terms. For hiuhlv
.
. conductive (5 to 10 ohm-cm) rubkers, a 10
percent variation can be expected. Greater variations are experienced for
products with lower resistivities.
7.7.3 The resistance of conductive rubbsr increases under stress and is
roughly propofiional to it. This holds true for compression or ,tension.
Swelling in conductive rubber resulting from solvent or oil action also
increases the resistivity.
7.7.4 Conductive rmbbers are used to prevent accumulation of static
electric charges on equipment used’ in explosive atmospheres and for flexible
heating surfaces. For the ciissipation of static electric charges, resistivity
ranges from 102 to 10~ ohm-cm are appropriate.
Static charges are usually
characterized by high voltages so that a highly conductive path is not
essential.
7.7.5
&pecially compounded rubbers have been developed that utilize
The best that can be obtained
to produce the conductance.
with xubbery materials is about 10-3 ohm-centimeters.
metallic
particles
~
209
NIL-BDBK-149B
:Z
w.
. .
In
.
210
I
I
MIL-HDBK-149B
o
NATURAL RUBBERAGED
6
k!!!
40
TIME IN ;gTER AT 1380F (60”c), DAYS
FIGURE 103.
60
CBANGE IN DIELECTRIC CONSTANT ON AGSD AND
UNAGED NATUAAL AND SBR RUBSSRS IN WATER’ (54)
211
t:IL-HDBK-1496
).1
\,
6
j
\ 400”F
\ (200”C)
- “\
~
g
L
/’/
__
\
_OI~LECTRIC CONST
—-.—-
2
2
).01 ~
e
u
z
n
75°F
(23”C)
,.
).001
102
I
I
I
104
106
’108
1
FREQUENCY, ~Z
FIGURE 104.
DI13LECTRZC CONSTANT AND POWSR FACTOR
AS A FUNCTICN ‘OF TF.MPEfiTURE AND
FRRQUENCY , SILICONS lN@ER , VI@ (53)
212
10
MI L-IIDBK-149B
o
I
I
I
TEMPERATURE, “C
v/iml
V/mi1
r
600 ●
50
100
I
150
200
2501016
I
I
!
I
-x
- 1015
‘\
‘\
\.
I
\
o
\
\
VOLUME
RESISTIVITY ‘,
400 -
- 1012
\
\
\
300
I
100
I
I
I
200
300
400,
\
-
1011
,.10
500
TEMPERATURE , “F
FIGURE 105. , DIELECTRIC 5TRSNGTS AND vOLLIMS RSSISTIVITY AS A
FUNCTION OF TLMPERATU~
.
213
, SILICONE RUBBER, ~
(53)
MIL-HDBK- 14913
7.8
7.8.1
Ozone Effect”s
Many elastomers, when strained and exposed to the atmosphere, exhibit
cracking to various degrees. The principal cause for deterioration is
atmospheric oxygen, ozone, and airborne. pollutants, especially in larger
cities or areas subject to smog. The reaction of rubber with molecular oxygen
is slow and results in oxidaticm cf the carbon atoms of the elastomer.
The
more severe attack M ozone produces deeply penetrating fissures causing
serious dsmage. Ozone exercises this deleterious effect only when rukbsr is
under a tensile stress. The orientation of the cracks is such that they cross
the axis of the tensile stress at 900. There are indications that, under
dynamic stress conditions, the rate of ozone absoq$tion increases manyfold
over that cccurring under plain stress conditions. At lcw ozone concentrations with rubber in a relaxed state, an ozonized film quickly formed on the
surface provides an effective barrier against further reaction. The degree
and the rate of deterioration are largely controlleti by the concentration of
ozone in the atmosphere, the stress in the rubber, the rubber compaction,
and
the temperature of exposure. Ozone concentration varies with geographic
location, altitude, and time, and” is reported in parts per million (ppm ) by
the atmosphere control agencies in many countries. The average measured
quantity of ozone is O.02 to O.G7 ppm of atmosphere, by volume, although
concentrations as high as O.90 ppm. have been recorded. The California air
quality standard for ozone is l-hour average concentration equal to or greater
parts
of air, or 1 part
than 0.10 ppm (1/10 of a part of ozone per million
ozone
in 10 million
parts
of air) . The Federal air quality standard is 0.12
ppm. Ozone content reported in the Los Angeles basin varied frDm 0.02 to 0.43
during the high smog surmer months of 1$79. A first stage smog alert is 0.20
ppm ozone; second stage is 0.35 ppm; while a third stage is 0.50 ppm. A world
average summer day would be approximately O.C5 ppm. Ozcne resistance of
rubber is evaluated by procedures in ASTFi %andard D1149, generally utilizing
an ozone concentration of O.50 ppm of air in the test chamber.
7.e.2
The rubber types most inherent ly resistant to ozone attack are:
chlorosulfonated polyethylene, CSM
ethylene propylene copolymer, EPM
ethylene propylene diene modified, EPDM
propylene ox~ie, GPO
silicone, PMQ, PvMQ, VMc
fluorosilicone, FVML
,
fluorocarbon, FXM
perfluorocarbon, FF3U4
polychlorotrif luoroethylene, CFN
pho sphonitii lic fluoroelastomer, FZ
7.s.3 Rubbers which can be compounded to bsccine ozone resistant (resist
cracking with long time exposure to concentrations up to O.50 ppm and strains
up to 30 percent) are:
bromobutyl, BIIR
butyl, IIR (uncontaminated by other rubber types)
chloroprene, CR
polyurethane,
AU & EU
214
●
o
I
MIL-HDBK-14?B
7.8.4 Aubbers requiring special antiozonants to achieve protection from.
ozone attack in order of decreasing effectiveness:
styrene butadiene, SBR
acrylonitrile kutadiene, NbR
natural, NR, and isoprene, Ii?
7..9.5 The ozone resistance of some rubbers decreases with temperature
increase. Figure 106 shows curves of temperatures versus time-to-crack for
chloroprene, buty 1, SBR, and natural rubber. In accelerated ozone tests (high
ozone concentration) on specimens elongated 5C percent and 100 percent at
770F (250c) ~na at -480F (-450C) , the time nece~sa~ to Produce a
crack was measured. Natural rubber required 90 minutes at -480F (-450c)
versus three minutes at 770F (250C) . In chlorcprene and butyl rubber, no
cracks developed at ‘480F (-450c) , whereas at 770F (250c), cracks
developed after periods ranging from 5 to 23 minutes. At higher temperatures,
butyl rutbers, which are relatively ozone resistant at room temperatures,
At 1300F
(540c) they
apparently
lose the Protective
antiozope
quality.
become slightly more resistant than natural rubber, which shows a flat
crack-time-temperature curve. Compounds protected from ozone attack at room
temperature with certain waxes, however, wi 11 be rapidly attacked by ozOne at
low temperatures where the wax does not give “a protective film.
7.8.6 Tbe means presently available for obtaining ozone resistance in
rubber may be classified as follows:
(1)
Selection of polymer having inherent ozone resistance
(2)
Proper compounding,
ant~ozonancs
(3 )
Application of physical barriers, such as wrapping, painting with
ozone-resistant rubber, plastics, chemicals, and waxes
(4)
Installation and storage at low stress levels. If storage in the
unstressed state ia not possible, minimize stresses by supporting
the rubber, using large coil diameters, and avoiding kinking or
folds. If necessary, store particularly susceptible part.? in closed
containers, with controlled ~tmosphere.
high-set and low-modulus compounds, chemical
7.S.7 ‘The effects of ozone should be considered in designating the rubber
polymer for each part, as storage and installation may be an ozone-hazard
period, while the service environment may be free from ozone hazard. A good
exar,ple would be the fuel-resistant rubber cushions on line clarps to be
installed inside fuel tanks on aircraft; nitrile fuel-resistant cushions have
weather-cracked during installation prior to fueling of the tank. Once fuel
was applied to the tank, the cushions were protected from ozone by the fuel;
however, installation stresses prior to fuel immersion caused cracking of the
thin cushion flanges from exposure to the atmosphere of the manufacturing
area. A choice was necessary between optinwn fuel resistance of the cushions
for the fuel immersed service and the ozone resistance of the cushions for the
ozone-hazard period prior to service.
215
MIL-HDBK- 149B
TEMPERATURE ; ‘C
30
I
50
-40.
I
I 1
I
,.1
EXTENSION:
DZONE: 1.0 PPM
.
15
.
10
CHLOROPRENE
.,
5
.
SBR AND MTURAL
,,.,
.,
,0
7!3, ~“
.,.
1
I
I
I
I
’80
90
100
110
120
T&lPERATURE , “F
,
.
...
,, ..,.
ON OZONE RESISTANCE, BUTYL,
FIGuRE 106.’ EFFBCT “OF TtiERi@tE
. . . .
CBL6ROPBJX!B, SBR, iiND t4ATtJi@ RUBBER (29)
.:.
216
130
I
hIL-HDBK-149B
7.9
Radiation Effects
7.9.1 Modern technical applications of rubber include many cases where
radiation is enccuntereci. Major sources of radiation are radioactive
materials, nuclear reactors, high energy accelerators, and the atmosphere.
—.
The latter becomes an important source at high altitude environments.
7.9.2 ‘l?he
major types of radiation are X-rays, alpha rays, beta rays, and
gamma rays. Natural radioactive materials are sources of alpha particles,
which are helium nuclei with a double positive charge: beta particles, which
are negatively charged electrons; and gamma rays, which are electromagnetic
waves of photons having no charge and negligible mass. The energy of a
charged particle is t“ransferred to the medium through which it is moving by
several mechanisms:
ionization, atomic displacements and thernal. The charge
of the particle and its energy primsrily determine the depth of penetration.
7.9.3
Quantitative
radiation exposure is measured in the following units:
Roentgen units (gsmma or X-rays) (coulomb per kilogram, C/kg)
= 5.4 X 107 MeV/gram in air. [r x (2.56 x 10-4) = C/kg]
(0.87 rad in air, or 0.96 rad in tissue)
S-ads
= 6.25 x 106 MeV/gran,’[rad x (1 x 10-2) = gray, Gy]
= 100 ergs of energy per gram of absorber
(C.01 GY of energy per gram of absorber
Rsrl
= absorbed dose (rads or Gy) x ~F
where: QF = 1 for X-rays, electrons, and ~sitrons
= 10 for
particles, fast neutrons, and
protons up to 10 MeV
= 20 for heavy recoil nuclei
7.$.4 The effects of irradiation are diverse, and nOt alWaYS harmful.
iIrradiation can change the atomic structure of elastomers, causing atom
‘displacement, chain breakdown, or cross linking. Indirect effects are caused
by altering the composition of the atmosphere and specifically increasing
ozone concentrations which have increased deleterious effects on elastomers.
.Gamna rays can vulcanize rubber; such vulcanized products are more heat stable
than similar sulf“r-containing compounds vulcanized by convent iona 1 methods.
7.9.5 Among’ changes caused by radiation affecting rubber performance are
‘changes in hardness, elongation, tensile strength, stress-strain properties
Characteristic changes, with increasing
(modulus), and crack-formation.
radiation dosage in the above properties for specific elastqmer groups, are”
given in Table XXXVII and Figures 107 through 109.
7.9.6
Composite comparative tests have been ms~e on the damage effects of
The bar graph on Figure 110 allows a
radiation on different elastomers.
general estimate of the utility of various polymers in radiation environFrom the .c,hart,note, that all rubbers except the butyl group, retain
ments.
substantial ‘utility at low exposure and that the natural rubber, SbR, and
polyurethane group reta”in limited use even at high exposure. Fluorocarbons
have keen used in atomic reactors for their high heat resistance, “bile some
217
JIIL-HLBK-L49B
ethylene propylemq ccn,pOund~ hav? pr-ven best fOr the combination of water and
EP6M conp”ohnds were riot,
available” when the data fOr
radiation exposure.
Figure 110 was collected, hut a bar for EPDhi would be similar to NEE, and
perhaps a little better. Although polyurethane ranks high on the chart, these
Cor,pounds shculd be used cautiously because of limitations on high
temperatures, water resistance, ”and compression set resistance.
7.10
Very Low VactiuriExposure Effects
7.10.1 The effeet of vacuum exposure on elastomers has become important
with space ‘applications”. From tests on specimens subjected to vacuum as low
as 1o-6 mm Hg (O.1 mFa) , a number of conclusions can be drawn.
(1)
Ingredients, such as plasticizers, antioxidants, and antiozonants
having relatively ‘high vapor pressure, ar,e lost during vacuum
exposure. As a consequence, the rubbers lose flexik.ility at low
temperature; and cxidaticm and ozone resistance diminishes.
(,2
)
Room, temperature stress-strain
Loss of strength is not experienced.
properties are not affected. appreciably.
(3)
Loss of oxidation resistance .
does
not affect the elastomer until it
.
is brought back to normal atm,cispheric
‘conditions.
.
.
When vacuuii exposure is accompanied by high temperature, degradation
is accelerated, anti it is somewhat worse than under conditions of
air exposure at the same temperature.
.,,
(4)
7.10.2 Effect of vacuum expcsure on high-temperature elastomers can be
summarized as follows. ‘The high-temperature tensile strength of silicone
rhbbar, vkl~, after vacuum exposure is equa’1 or superior to that after air-oven
The highexposure. There is no significant change in other prope~ies.
temperature tensile strength of fluorocarbons and fluorosilicones is also
Greater stiffness results but no
equal to the original after vacuum exposure.
other pronounced changes. are noted.
7..10.3 To subject rubber specimens to combined vacuum and ultraviolet
radiation exposure, simulated conditions of high altitude and sunlight have
been produced in a test chamber. The resulting damage of severe cracking is a
Initial indications are that’ the effective damage will be
surface phenomenon.
a function of ,mate,rialthickness, the heavier sections losing a smaller
percentage of thei,r functional capability.
7.10.4 Rubber compounds for use in space applications must not contain any
constituent that would “outga s“. The preserice of equipment with optical
lenses ,is a concern, where the free gas’ cculd dull 6r obscure the optical
surfaces. l’@terial specifications for these rubber compounds usually contain
special outgassing requirements to ensure Suitability of the ccmpound for the
application..
.
‘.. ,
.
i
21E
MIL-HDBK-149B
●
1
TABLE XXXVII .
EFFECTS OF SADIATION ON HARDNESS, TENSILE STSENGTH,
ANTl ELONGATION (65.)
Dosage
Rubber
Acrylonitrile
But?diene
Roentgen
C/kg
HW B17@
5,000,000
100,000,000
1,290
25,BOO
+2
+42
+ 11
+7
300,000,000 77,400
+92
+374
5,000,000
130,000,000
+ 3.9
+55
-6
+139
1,290
25,800
300,000,000’
77,400
+96
Hycar 2202°
5,000,000
60,000,000
Natw?.1
-21
-88
- 99
1,290
15,480
I
-7
-3
- 32
15,480
-20
- 88
5,000,000
60,000,000
1,290
15,480
-6
-lo
+ 27
-36.
5,000,000
100,000,000
1,290
25,800
+11
+13
- 22
+8
- 55
- 94
VMQ
5,000,000
100,000,000
1,290
25,Bo0
+22
+74
+ 10
- 0.4
- 3B
- 90
VMQ
5,000,000
100,000,000
1,290
25,BOO
+2
+11
+ 9.1
+ 62.1
- 40
- 80
5,000,000
I00,000,000
I,000,000,000
1,290
25,BOO
258,ooo
+4
+24
+94
- 17
- 23
+171
- 22
- 67
-1oo
5,000,000
100,000,000
1,000,000,000
1,290
25,800
25B,000
0
+9
+41
-1
- 74
- 61
-;
- 67
- 96
1,290
-1oo
CFM
FKJ4
Viton A4@
Nethyl Vinyl
Silicone
-6
- 81
- 92
o
-40
Kel-F@
Fluorocarbon
7’
--/
5,000,000
60,000,000
F1uorocarbon
Elongation
Change
%
I
+972
IIR
PR 907-70@
NWB14@
Tensile
Strength
Change
,:
NBR
Hycar 1002 B1 o,
(81ack Compound)
Butyl
Hardness
Change
%
-B
- 27
-1
- 10
- 14
I
I
NR
(Brown)
TK1/1@
Polyether
Urethane “
i
EU
A$’pr,eneCl @
Chemigun XSL@
5,000,000
100,000,000
1,290
25,800
-1
-12
+ indeterm.
- 53
5,000,000
100,000,000
1;290
25,8oO
- “3
-20
- 5.9
- 79
219
.,
I
- 10
- 57
I
_-”
-5i
.
MI IAIDB%149B
DOSAGE, 1018 THERMAL NEUTRONS/C112(ORNLGRAPHITE REACTOR)
W
-100
%
~
J
~50
.,
z
,..
.0
io6
10’
(104).
(105)”
.108
(106)
.109
1010
(10’)
(108)
DOSAGE, RADS (GRAYS)
,..’
PROPERTY
.,0 TENSILE STRENGTH
‘;
ELONGATION
INITIAL VALUE
1700 PSI
(11.7 MPa)
270%
SET AT 8REAK
5%
e
COMPRESSION SET
4.7%
9
STWiIN AT 400 PSI
(2,76 MPa)
28%
,pla.fi
~!,.t
QUANTITATIVE
++;+
%
p+.?+.+ ‘Properties
,,.OF.STYNEN@’‘BUT,~IE~ RUB~$, :SBR, AS A
FUNCTION OF IiAOXATION00MGE
(21)
’220
.
MIL-HDSR-149B
DOSAGE, 1018 THER~L
I
150
0.01
kEUTRONS/CM2(ORNL GRApHITE REAcTOR)
0.1
10
1.0
I
(104) “’ (105)
(106)
(1;7)
(1;8)
DOSAGE, RADS (GRAYS)
PROPERTY
TENSILE STRENGTH
IN:j:~Lp[fLUE
(20.0 MPa)
450%
ELONGATION
SET AT BREAK
9
FIGURE 108.
COMPRESSION SET
STRAIN AT 400 PSI
.(2.76 MPa)
6%
9%
31%
QUANTITATIVE CSARGEB IN PIiY51CAL PROPERTIES
OP CRLOROPBNENE NOBR13R, CR, AS A
PUNCTION OF ~IATION
DOSAGE (21)
221
MIGHDEK-149B
!.
.
...<.
,,’
,,.
.
.,
.!
DOSAGES, 1018 THERMJiLNEUTRONS/CM2(ORNL GRAPHITE REACTOR)
0.01
150’ ,, ,
,, 1.
w
0.1
1.0
I
I
I
I
10
I
I
p
~“ 100
2
3
$
e
T,,
\
-,
1
\
~.,.
,
--
I.wr
~
,Jlo
(io”)
.0
PROPERTY
TENSILE STRENGTH
.: ...:’
,, !,’
:...
,,,
(17)”
‘“7)
(lo
(108)
DOSAGE, .RAOS (G~YS )
,,
,..
,..
..”,
(io5)
,
INITIAL VALUE
520 PSI
(3.58 MPa)
●
ELONGATION
@
COMPRESSION SET
1.4%
~
STRAIN AT 400 PSI
“(2’.76
MPa)
3.4%
95%
,.”
.,,
FIGURS 109.
r:
,,.
QUANTITATIVE CSANGEB, w PRYSICAL prOpertieS
OF MSTNYL VINYL SILICONE ROBBBR, VNQ, AS A
FUNC21~
OF ,~IATION
00SAGE (21)
,,
.,.
.:.,
,.
222”
I
MIL-HDBK-149B
GAMMA RAY EXPOSURE, C/kg
2500
25000
250
25
250000
RELATIVE
EXPOSURE TIME
Acrylonitrile
Butadiene
NBR
Butyl
IIR
I
Chlorosulfonated
Polyethylene
CSM
Fluorocarbon
FXM
Methyl Vinyl
Silicone
VMQ
I
l=++
CR
Chloroprene
1
I
I
I
I
NR
Natural
Polyacrylate
Styrene
Butadiene
I
T
Polysulfide
Polyurethane
I
ACM
AU, EU
,I
.......
I
I
I
I
L
I
I
1’
I1
1.
I
I
I
I
SBR
t
Vinyl-Pyridine
-
RELATIVE
EXPOSURE TIME
1
1
(Y
1(7
108
GAMMA RAY EXPOSURE, ROENTGENS
UTILITY OF MATERIAL
INDUCED DAMAGE
~
INCIPIENT TO MILD
NEARLY ALWAYS USABLE
MILD TO t#lDERATE
OFTEN SATISFACTORY
LIMITEO USE
:.:.:.:.7.:
::~.:
.~.:.
+.:,:::.:
MOOERATE TO SEVERE
FIGURE 110.
OVERALL SUITABILITY OF RUBBER POLYMSRS AS A
FUNCTION OF GAMMA RAY EXPOSUW LEVEL (39)
223
9
MIL-HDBK-149B
7.11 ‘,Eff
ects of Rubber on Environment
,.....,
.,,
7:11..1,Odor .in rubber is relative and not as easily described as most other
charackeiistics. ‘It<can range from faint to strong, and from pleasant to
cffensive. When odor is a factor, polymers which have been prepared with the
greatest care’ are”usually’ selected. The odors ‘which usually prevail in rubber
are caused by their varicus components, or by material added to them in
Additives which are relatively odorless should, if possible, be
processing.
A wall percentage of deodorant may even be added to the
used in compounding.
SBR, nitrile, chloroprene, and silicone rubbers usually present no
mixture.
Polysulf ide; On the other hand, is generally not used where a
odor problem.
sti-ong odor ‘is undesirable., k compound which is odorless under ordinary
conditions may develop an offensive odor when kept in a tightly closed
container .“”The~e are no standard rules to evaluate compounds for odor, but a
‘number of practical tests exist. One of ‘these is to seal a test piece of any
thickness and approximately 1 by 2 inches (25 @ 50 mm) in a glass jar at room
temperature for about six hours, and judge the odor upon opening the jar.
Objectionatle ie&idual edors may sometimes be counteracted by subjecting the
compound to circulating air at moderately elevated temperatures.
In
In fcod
automotive or industrial applications, odor is usually not a problem.
handling appl icat.icns, odor and taste imparted to food products may be a
serious problem, which would require selection of rubber polymers based
primarily on these factors.
means
the tendency
of rubbers to discolor paint, lacquer,
7.11.2 Staining
enamel, and other finishes, or to tarnish high-finish metal surfaces when
rubbers are placed in contact with them. ASTM Standard D925 is the test
normally used. The stain caused by the rubber, which is usually caused by an
ingredient added to the polymer for some purpose, can be a contact stain or a
migratory stain. The contact stain is confined to the contact area. The
migratory stain spreads from the contact area. Ultraviolet. light accelerates
migratory stain.
7.11.3 In testing for stain, tbe actual finish surface should be used in
the test. Any residual solvent in an organic coating can’ make the stain
worse. These solvents tend to evaporate with extended aging, therefore, any
test panels for evaluation of residual solvent action should be usad within
two months of being coated.
7.11.4 Staining characteristics may be eliminated or reduced by the use @f
specially preps red rubber and the proper selection of compounding ingredients.
7.11.5 Corrosion of metal surfaces from ccntact with rubber is usually not
a serious problem; staining or discoloration of metal surfaces is usually not
However, some compounding ingredients or residual unreacted
objectionable.
curing agents may cause corrosion under high humidity or in confined spaces,
such as in electrical equipment potted with rubber insulation. Material
specifications for rubber compounds often require “no COrrOsiOn” but allOW
staining c.rdiscoloration; test procedures for evaluation of corrosion are not
usually specified, as conditions of use va?q so greatly. If a corrosion
resistant rubber is required, it should be evaluated by simulated-part or
test-sandwich sxposure to the anticipated service condition.
224
I
M2L-HDBK-149B
7.12
●
I
Fungus Resistance.
When rubber is used in any warm damp environment,
it must resist attack by fungus, mold, or mildew. Most man-made rubbers are
not nutrient to fungus and are not generally attacked ky such organisms.
Some
natural rubber compounds may contain varying amounts of protein not reacted
during vulcanization, and may become subject to fungus attack. Antif ungicidal
agents may need to ke added to uncured or partially cured rubbers used in
adhesives Or similar applications.
7.13, Flammability
7.13.1. All rubber polysmers will turn to some extent, although some ars slow
to ignite and burn rather slowly. Special compounding may be reguired to pass
standardized tests developed for evaluating flammability of materials.
Results of flsmmakility tests are no indication of bebavior of a polymer under
actual fire conditions.
7.13.2 Products of combustion are generally unpleasant c@ors, and are
usually hazardous.
I
.,
~.
I
.,
,->
,,, .:..:
!
.. $.’
,.
.,
.,
., ,.
. .. . .
;.
,,,
.
.
,.,
,,
,..
225
MIL-tiDBK-149E
8.
8.1
RUBBER IN SPECIAL APPLICATIONS
Mountings and Springs
8.1.1 A great number of “standard” cw “off-the-shelf” rubber isolators or
mountings have been developed for a wide range of applications. The designer
should check commercial sources for such products ,hefore designing special
patis. Rubber mountings of various types and the conditions under which they
are employed are illustrated and descriked in Figures 111 through 117.
.8.1.2 Rubber torsion springs consist of a cylindrical sandwich having an
inner and an outer shell, usually consisting of split sections, with the
rubber bonded to both shaft and shell. .Such springs are weil suited for
vehicle suspension. systems. Either the shaft or the shell is held in a fixed
position while tbe nonstationary side rotates under load. Such a spring and a
typical application of it are shown in Figure 11S. An application of the
torsion spring to a wheel suspension is shown in Figure 119.
J3.
1.3 Such torsion mounts can be applied to a wide range of uses and are
most advantageous where they can function both as a spring and as a locating
means, fonning their own bearings. This enables the rubber to absorb some
impact in every direction. No lubrication is required, problems associated
with bearings and bearing seals are eliminated, and the noise level is reduced
because it is damped out by the fibber. Figure 120 shows a typical curve of
torque versus angular deflections {windup) . In Table XXXVIII, hysteresis and
elastic properties of suggested rubber types for engine mountings are listed.
S.1.4 A.clifferent type of torsion spring is shown in Figure 121. In this
spring, multiple .xubber cylinders are contained between an inner and outer
shell which may either have. a square, triangular, or any other polygcnal cross
sectional shape. No’ adhesive bond is present between the rubber and metal
In operation, the elastic members roll and are deformed i~ compresparts.
sion. Coaxial multiple spring arrangements may be designed to increase the
deflection.
8.1.5 Triangular springs have maximum angular deflection characteristics of
slightly less than 60°, whereas quadratic shapes have a practical maximum of
420, Characteristic load deflection curves are shown in Figures 122 and
123. Such curves are applicable to all springs which have the same size
ratios; that is, the same relationshipef
the ribber diameter, the cross-flats
dimension of the inner and outer tube. For the sake of stability, the len@h
of t,hespring should be several times the diameter, the appropriate ratio
depending on the application.
For coupling application, a 3:1 ratio is
sufficient.
8.2
Rubber-Mounted Wheels for Rai 1 Vehicle
8.2.1 Fiqure 124 shows rubber-mounted wheels with the elastic mountinq
incorporated in the whee 1 itself. While these design examples are for
application on rail vehicles, certain other uses such as on tanks and chain
sprocket mountings” are possikle.
,226
I
I
I
MIL-H12BK-149B
In Figure 124a and b, a T-ring to which rubber has been vulcanized
loadinq on the rubber. In Figure 124c, the rubber ring is
Because of wheel rotation, the shear stresses in
placed in compression.
Figure 124a and b are reversed stresses, and consequently should be kept
small, such as approximately 20 psi (138 kPa) . Figure 124d shows an
application in which mounting Of the r~ is through cylindrical rubber plugs.
The force distribution of vertical static and dynamic forces, and horizontal
shear forces resulting from brake applications are indicated. In addition,
they also incur transverse forces where the mounting is in vehicl~s, due to
negotiation of curves.
8.2.2
places
a shear
8.2.3 The work done in def letting the rubber is reflected in a power loss.
For this particular application, a resistance eqUal in amount tO 7-1/2 ‘Percent
of the rolling resistance of a rail vehicle has keen calculated.
Of
importance, in such applications, is the selection of rubber with’ a small
permanent set so that out-c f-roundness is held to a minimum after a period of
idleness during which the rubber is loaded in one direction.
227
.
MIL-HDBK-;49B
Rubberhardness,Durvmter A: 40.
*XiMlml?RCmnntmd.dload fn vertic.I ~~ar:
6Q lb ~r inch of length.
I
(14N/mmof Itngth)
Otfktf.a!l
at thfslo6d:1.0inch.
(25.4
am)
Hlntmmdt$turbing
fwqwcy at thfs
4.-=Z
deflection: 470 cycles-r minute.
For frtquenci
es of 55ocyclespm minute
remmmded load $s
or htghtr,
60 lb Wr inch (10.5N/mm).
R8XimUarecommendedload In C~PrRSSI~n:
350 lb oer Ikh of length.
(44 N/rimof length)
Deflectionat this lcdd: 0.312 imh.
(7.9cm)
Mfnimundisturbingfreqwncy at this
deflection: 650 c~les p6r mfnut6.
RtbberNardness,Oumter
,.
p-p”q’
,. I
1
‘,/
x
p(
0. )+
J~fLL
...
Oefhction
at thislotd:0.175inch.
[4.45
m)
I
/
A: 40.
!lbXimwrec~nded lo6d in shmr:
34 lb (13SN].
)4Wmuri
dlsturhtngfrequtncy●t this
lotd: 1,000 CYC165mrmfnute.
M6xfmimrecemn@ed load in cmpre*sion:
I@ lb (555N).
“fnf-dfstu*fnQ
fw-vatthfs
deflection:
1,260cwle4 par minute.
hhber hardness.Ouranetwk
40.
Paxim!mload.fnverticalshpw:
.
10’lb(45N).
kf16ctluI
at thtsload: 0.]56fnch.
(4.0m)
P’”+
Minlmundisturbingfrcqwncy at this
deflection: 1.224C)Cl* p. nli””t*.
)liXimim
Wmmnd&
lcud in c#wpm$sjMI:
35 lb (110N).
obfktlC4at
this lmd:
fi05;5yh.
)Hnfmn disturbingftw.wcncyat this
dtilecticm: 1,750cyclesWr minute.
ohms tons
[rich
.,, ,..
1/16
If8
3/16
1/4
,’
‘J’”:
i..
FIGUR2? 111.
‘
Mllilretl-es
0.063
0.125
O.lea
0.250
,::’:{fi6 -?~:g
.“,,.
SHEAR OR COMPRESSION-TYPE
,, .,$-
‘,,
.,
:
1.59
3.18
4.76
6.35
7.W,.
17.M
.,,
,,.
228
!
1
2
2
2
;
oIm?nstons
!!11
1imetms
25.4
38.1
46.4
R1.8
5n.3
63.5
114.3
177.8
Inr.tms
1.LTJ
1/2 1.50
3/4 1.75
2.00
3/0 2.315
1/2 ~2.50
1/2 4.S7
7.m
MOUNTINGS
(16)
I
10
MIL-HDBK-149B
)
-
INCH
Rubber duraneter herdness, 40.
Deflection fn shear at 400-pound (1779-N) load, 0.17 inch (4.3 nsn).
Mtnimtm disturbing frequsncy at this deflsction, 1000 cycles Per minute.
For use at disturbing frequencies of 1200 cycles and over, load slmuld
be reducsd to 30fJto 3S0 pounds (1335 to 1S60 N) for each mounting.
PIGUN33 112.
SESAN-TY~
RUBBER HOU36TING SANDWICH SSTNSEN
lwO STEEL PLATES (M)
10
I
I
L.
(m)
229
MIL-HDBK-149B
pgs’o+
.D
:W.+
II I
..............
.
...........
:.:.:.:.:.:...
I%’4
.:.:.:.:.:.:::
.............
:::::::::::
;::
y.%....
J-1
3’
v.
%
?.
Rubber hardness, Durometer A:
,
Maximum recommended,,load:
75 lb per inch of length.
(13 N/mm of length)
Deflection at this load:
T
1
L-2
--k
--+
1-
40.
0.5 inch.
(12.7 mm)
Minimum disturbing frequency at this
deflection:
600 cycles per minute.
,. ,.
,Dimensions
Inches
Millimetre6
..118.
‘‘-”
u .1+3,
3.16
.
1/4
0.250
6.35
318
0.375
9.52
5/8
0.625
15.88
3/4
0.750
19.05
13/16
0.812
20.64
1
1.00
25.4
1’:1/4
1.25
31.8
1 7116
1.44
36.5
1 .lj21.50 ;
38.1
2
2.00
50.8
2 1/2
2.50
63.5
“...
3.00
76.2
‘Rubber hardneas, Durometer A:
45.
Maximum recommended load:
50 lb per inch of length.
(8.7 N/mm of length)
1
Deflection at this load:
O. 188 inch.
(4.75 mm)
1,000 cycles per minute.
deflection:
For fiequenciea of 1,200 cycles per
minute and over, loading should be
“reduced to 40 lb per inch (7.0 N/mm)
of length.
FIGURE 113.
gHBAR-TYFS RUBBER MOUNTINGS
J 230
(16)
,
,
MIL-HDBK-149B
Dimensions
Millimetres
Inches
Designed particularly to isolate internalcrnnbustion engines againat torsional
vibration at frequencies from 1,200
cycles per minute and upward.
Normally the larger metal-encaaed rubber
part is of 40 Durometer A hardness;
the smaller rubber part is of
60 Durometer A hardness.
FIGURE 114.
I
3/32
518
41/64
3/4
1 118
1 1/4
2
2 3/4
TWO-PART COMPRESSION-TYPE
INSULATOR (16)
231
0.094
0.625
0.641
0.750
1.125
1.25
2.00
2.75
RUBBER VIBRATION
2.38
15.88
16.27
19.05
28.6
31.8
50.8
69.8
MIL-HDBK-I49B
I--’%-!
-f%/-
T
%
‘.6““
J
132 pounds.
(590 N)
,Maximurndeflection at this load: 0.188 inch,
.
(4.8 m)
yin~mum ‘disturbing frequency at this
deflection:” 1,200 cycles per minute.
r
1)Z
1
L-%--J
.
, ~
““
l?;
wq
180 pounds.
(800 N)
Maximum deflection at this load: 0.156” inch.
(4.0 mm)
deflection:
1,200 cycles per minute.
518
rl
r~
L
A
,,,
:
.+~,.
8“. “
V#
T
i
Maximum reco~ended
lc.a~: 60 pounds.
(270 N)
Maximum deflection at this load: 0.125 inch.
(3.2 mm)
~flection:
1,350 cyc~ea per minute.
,“
k~. I
,,.
,,
. .’
.
,
Dimensions
Inches
..
.
,,,
“..
.5/.36
.“5/8
1
1 3/16
1 1/2
1 !5/8
Millimetres
0.312
0.625
1.00
1.18
1.50
1.62
FIGURB 1.15. THREE k0~5255101i-TYpE RUBBER MOWINGS
,
.;
232
7.94
15.88
25.4
30.2
38.1
41.3
(16)
MIL-HDBK-149B
a.
b.
,.
FIGURE 116.
●
L-. -
Detai 1 of Rubber Spring for
Independent Front Suspension
of Bus.
Heavy Duty Conical Bushes to a
Link Type Suspension
EXAMPLES OF SPECIAL VSHICLE MOUNTS
,,,
,
233
(68)
MIL-HDBK-i49B
~
CEILING
1/2’MAXIMIJlLOADING
PERMISSIBLE
AIR
COMPRESSOR
m’
r
STRENGTHENING
%
.ifl
-
.! ,.
FIGURX 117.
COMPRESS RUBBER SLIGHTLY
BY CROWDING TOGETHER
.!.
.: ’,.
,.
TYPICAL WAYS OF EMPLOYING RUBBER
234
VIBRATION
ISOLATORS (16)
MIL-HDBK-1496
w
OUTER SPLIT SHELL
.
FIGURE 118.
TORSILASTIC RUBBER SPRING CONSISTING OF A
CTLINDER OF SOFT RUBBER BONDED TO A TUBULAR
STEEL SHAFT AND AN OUTER SPLIT SHELL (16)
●
.,. ,
~“.
FIGURS 119.
TORSILASTIC RUBBER SPRING AS USED ON A MODERN BUS (16)
235
MIL-HDBK-149B
400
45
1
/
300
-40
‘
/
– 30
200
/
/
— 20
.
.,
ua
~
g
g
e
&
100’,
- 10
..
{
o
0
20
40
60
~ 80
100
SPRING WINDUP ; DEG ,
SPRING DIKRNSIONS :
,,,
F
z
,,,
FIGURS 120.
1.1 inch ID x 0.50 in. ID x 3.1 in. LG
27.9 mm ID x“12.7 mm ID x 78.7 mm LG
SPRING WINDUP VS TORQUR (53)
236
, .,
120
MIL-HDBK-149B
#
\-1
.
*
a.
Experimental torsion spring test
In resisting relative
specimens.
rotation between the tubes, the
elastic members roll and yield
under compressing.
FIGuRE 121.
b.
Spring
with no
load
applied.
c.
Spring loaded
to nearly naxf mum torsional
deflection.
FOUR-SIDED ‘TORSION SPRING OF TYPICAL NEID’dART CONSTRUCTION
237’
(45)
r41L-HDBR-149B-,
ULTIMATE DESIGN LOAD PER INCH OF.RUBBER LEWTE , LB-IN .
100
200
500 1000 2000 5000 10000
50000
200
.
100
50
0
0
10
0
2<,5
ULTIMATE DES IGN LOAD PER 25 mm OF RUBBER LENGTH, N.m
.
FIGURE 122.
FOUR-SIDED SPRING - RSLIiTIONSHIP BETWEEN TEE RUBBER
DIAKETER SIZE AND TEE NAXIMUM TORQUE LOAD OR LOAD AT
mm) op ROBBER
42
O~EpL~~~oN,
FOR
EACH
ONE
INCH
(25
SPRING ELR4BNT LENGTH
,,
238
(45)
F.IL-HDBK-149B
●
Ig
“048121620242832
36404448
TORQUE DEFLECTION, OEG
FIGURE 123.
TYPICAL TORQUE DEFLECTION CURVE FOR A
QUADRATIC TORSION SPRING (45)
‘o
239
!
‘-
—
. .
MI L-HDBR-149B
.!
(1)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(4)
..,3,
1
~~
a.
Shear loaded
b.
rubber member
Wheel with rubber
in compression
“T
T2 = io psi
(68.9 I@a) ..
‘2
RESULTANT
= Tl +’T2 = 25 Psi
,
STRESS
(172 kPa)
c.
‘t!
~
Wheel with ring-shaped rubber member
‘2
= 9.5 psi
(65.5 J@a)
SZSilLTANT . T + T
= 29 psi
STRSSS
1
2
(200 kpa)
d. Wheel with separate equa11y spaced rubber plugs
.. . .
-LEGEND>..
FIGU~
124.
(1)
:(2)
(3)
‘,(4)
,.
,.,
Wheel rim
T-ring
:
Ring-shaped rubber member
Outer wheel disks
, .
.
.
VEHICLE WSEELS WITE BUILT-IN SH~K
240
MOUNTS
(46)
I
MIL-HDBK-149B
TABLE XXXVIII .
;:ySTERETIC MD
E~STIC
properties OF RUBBER
TYPES SUGGESTED FOR ENGINE MOUNTINGS
Rubber
Temperature
“F
Dynamic
Modulus
PSi
Internal
Friction
kilopoises
(63)
Relative
Energy Absorption
Constant
Constant
Strain
Stress
ft.lb/min.
ft-lblmin.
40 Durcmeter A Hardness
Acrylonitrile NBR
Butadiene
-4
1::
212
8utyl
IIR
-4
1:;
212
Chloroprene
Natural
Styrene
8utadiene
CR
Resonance mass too high to measure
83.4
4.15
71.5
1003
57.5
2.58
44.5
1345
I
I
57.5
3.72
64.0
1930
62.2
1.05
18.1
468
-4
32
122
212
138.3
76.2
69.2
NR
-4
32
122
212
136.0
85.5
62.o
64.5
SCIR
-4
32
122
212
295.0
139.5
70.3
13.70
236.0
1230
1.72
510
29.6
1.62
585
28.0
17.00
4.70
1.26
0.81
293.0
81.0
19.4
14.0
1583
1101
504,
346
Resonance mass t00 high to measure
22,30
441
384.0
0.85
101.0
52o
3.00
51.7
1041
50 Our’ometerA Hardness
Acrylonitrile NBR
8utadiene
8utyl
IIR
-4
32
122
212
Resonance mass t,oohigh to measure
277.0
14.30
246.2
321
145.6
7.00
120.6
565
‘-4
Chloroprene
CR
-4
32
122
212
119.6
3.22
55.5
388
120.4
1.02
16.4
328
I
I
495.0
59.50
42o
1003.0
143.0
4.40
76.0
372
119.6
3.72
447
64.0
Natural
NR
-4
32
122
212
300.0
137.0
92.6
90.4
S8R
-4
32
122
212
483.0
163.0
99.8
1::
212
Styrene
8utadiene
P.
3’4.60
9.40
1.93
1.18
682.0
162.0
33.2
20.4
756
861
386
25o
Resonance mass too high to nwasure
32..40
239
558.0
6.25
407
108.0
3.02
520
52.0
MIL-EDBK-14 9B
TABLE XXXVIII.
Rubber
(Continued)
Dynamic
Modulus
Temperature
“F
psi
InternaI
Friction
kilopoises
Relative
Energy Absorption
Constant
Constant
Stress
Strain
ft-lb/min.
ft-lb/min.
60 Ourometer
A Hardness
Acrylonitrile NBR
Butadiene
-4
32
122
-.”
Butyl
IIR
-4
32
122
212
CR
-4
32
122
212
?ln.?
.1
16.50
I 276.d
775
Hz
Chloroprene
~
554.0
212.5
175.0
1003.0
59.50
336
195
5.10
4.0s
228
:::
~
TABLE XXXVIII-SI.
Rubber
HYSTERETIC AND ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF RUBBER
TYPES SUGGESTED i+OR ENGINE MOUNTINGS (63)
Temperature
,. c
I
I
Acrylonitrile
Rutadiene
NBR
lIR
-20
‘CR
-20
-20
J
0.95
0.52
0.48
100
NR
-20
5:
...
+$tyrene
Butadiene
S8R
-20
o
1::
I
Resonance mass too hioh
. to
.Resonance mass too high to
0.58
415
96.9
0.40
25B
60.3
I
‘Resonance mass too high to
Resonance mass too high to
0.40
37’2
86.7
0.42
105
24.5
I
5:
100
Chloroprene
Interna1
Friction
Pas
40 Ourometer A Hardness
5:
100
Butyl
Oynamic
Modulus.
MPa
Relative
Energy Absorption
Constant
Constant
Strain
Stress
N.m/min.
N.mlmin.
‘
measure
“----”-4
measure
2617
634
,Resonancemass too high to measure
1668
137’0
320.0
172
40.1
691
162
793
“
38.0
1700
470
126
Bl
0.94.
0.59
0.43
0.44
2.03
0.96
0.48
measure
measure
1:
360
1[
824
~~
397.0
110.0
26.3
19.O
2146
1493
683
469
521.0
598
2230
137.0
705
1411
3::
70.0
242
.;,
I
MIL-HDBK-169B
TABLE XXXVIII-SI
(Continued)
●
I
Rubber
Temperature
“c
Dynamic
Modulus
MPa
Internal
Friction
Pas
Relative
Energy Absorption
Constant
Constant
Stress
Strain
N.m/min.
N.m/min.
50 Durometer A Hardness
Acrylonitrile NBR
t3utadiene
-20
o
1%
Butyl
llR
-20
5:
100
Chloroprene
CR
-20
0
1:
Natural
NR
-20
0
50
166
Styrene
S8R
Butadiene
1.56
1430
333.8
435
700
766
1.00
163.5
-20
o
1;:
322
75.2
526
0.82
I
0.83
102
445
22.2
5950
1360.0
569
440
103.0
504
372
87.0
606
3.16
0.94
0.82
2.07
0.94
0.64
0.62
I
3960
940
193
118
925.0
219.6
d~.
...o
27.6
1025
1167
I
577
...
339
3.33
1.12
0.69
324o
625
302
756.5
146.4
70.5
324
552
705
60 Ourometer A Hardness
Acrylonitrile NBR
8utadiene
-20
5:
100
Butyl
lIR
CR
-20
o
1c%
Natural
NR
Butadiene
SBR
3.82
1.46
1.21
1360.0
456
5950
119.3
510
264
405
309
94.6
2.80
1.45
2380
33B
555.9
4BB
272
114.3
-20
5:
100
Styrene
2.68
1.74
17B5
417.6
276
714
167.0
262
-20
5:
100
Chloroprene
2.14
1650
305
374,7
1.43
712
3B6
204.2
-20
o
1%
1.17
251.,
5B.7
203
1427
2.48
258
333.7
.1.35
728
443
170.4
.
.
.
243
,.
MiL-HDBK-149B
8.3
Couplings
8.3.1 Numerous types of flexible’ couplings for, rotating shsfts can be
devised employing rubber either in compression or in shear.
8.3.2, The noise-dampi?g characteristfc6,0f .rubber are particularly
advantageous in such applications, aa they allow gear noise and torsional
vibration occurring. in the transmission system to be Isolated from the
vehicle.
They are capable of absorbing shock loads,, and permit a limited
amount .of misalignment.
8.3.3 Some toraitin spring designs can, of course, often be utilized as
couplings, but couplings usually require a much stiffer action than torsion
sPringa. MOst frequently, for”high-torque applications, rubber IS used I.n
compression between metallic elements. of the input and output member of the
coupling.
An example of’s flexible coupling is ahoti in Figure 125.
,,
,,
,,
.,
“: m.
...
,..
‘“
:.,
,-.
.
,..
.
:..
.,,.
,,
,,
,.
.
.,
...
,.,
.,
.,
244.
(>
I@’
,-
MIL-HDBK-14913
B.4
Seals and O-rings
8.4.1 O-rings are most effective as static seals or on reciprocating shafts
The commercial availability of O-rings produced in vari6us sizes
or pistons.
and rubber compounds usually obviates the necessity for special designs.
8.4.2 For rotating service, O-rings have a relatively high leakage rate and
short life; oil seals of the rotary lip type with garter springs, and
mechanical seals with graphite shear faces are preferr6d in such’applications.
8.4.3 For satisfactory O-ring operation, the following principles must he
observed:
.
.
8.4.3.1 The rubber compound must be ccanpatible with the fluid to be sealed
and must have adequate tensile and torsional strength.
8.4.3.2
The O-ring must bs under initial compression.
8.4.3.3 The O-ring groove cross sectional area must be great enough to
allow for volume swell and thermal expansion of the rubber, which is
approximately 18 t imea that of steel.
8.4.3.4 Surf aces on which the O-ring slides must ke smooth, free from sharp
edged grain structure, but not too smooth, 10 to 20 microinches (O.25 to
0.50 m) is recommended.
8.4.3.5 A lead chambar of 10 to 20° should be provided where necessary so
In addition, the
that the O-ring will not be damaged during installation.
size of Emsses over which the O-ring must be stretched during installation
should not require extensive stretching of the O-ring as very small cuts or
cracks i~ the O-ring “may bscome failure points in service.
8.4.4 Figure 126 shows the use of O-rings in a few static and dynamic
Manufacturers of O-rings and hydraulic system components
arrangements.
publish outstanding catalogs showing the proper use of O-rings. Milita zy
Specification MIL-G-5514 has established basic design parameters and most
hydraulic systems designs utilize these criteria. More recent parameters
based on considerable experience and reflecting the International
Standardization activities are compared with MIL-G-5514 parameters in
Table XXXIX. Note that MIL-G-5514 shows only one percentage of, squeeze for
both dynamic and static C-rings.
8.4.5
‘
Figure 127 gives O-ring seal groove design formulas.
8.4.6 Two interesting sealing arrangements have been developed and patented
by the British Hydromechanics Research Association for shafts which have
excessive eccentric motion. With such eccentricities, the leakage rates are
greatly increased. TO overcome this, sealing is accomplished on a centered
sleeve which is suppotied by an additional bearing. The eleeve has sufficient
In Figure 128a,
clearance frornthe shaft to acccsnnodate the eccentricities.
the sleeve rotating with the ahaft is centered by a bearing surface on the
housing. A lip ,seal rides on the centered sleeve, and a static O-ring seal
prevents leakage through the sleeve-shaft clearance.
245
.,,
MIL”-IiDBK149B
,.
TABLE XXXIX.
C-ring
Cross Section
Ncaninal
Inch
Millimetres
0.070
0.103
0.139
0.210
0.275
1.80
2.65
3..55
5.30
7.00
NOMINAL SQUZEZE’ OF O-RINGS
MIL-G-5514
“’
18.75
13.00
11.75
10.90
12.75
(41)
Squeeze, Percent
‘International Standard
Static
Seal
Hydraulic Pneumatic
Kud Seils
17:2
14.5
.12.85
11:45
11.35
18.5
16.9
16.2
15.7
14.3
11.8
9.6
8.1
7.6
7.45
Piston Seals
Sadial
0.070
0.103
1.s0
2.65
0.139
0.210
0.275
3.55
5.30
7.00
18.75
.20.0
15.0
21.4
26.0
13.00
11.75
10.90
12.75
17;6
16.0
14.7
14.35.
‘13.0
11.2
11.0
10.5
20.0
19.3
18.7
17.3
24.0
21.0
20.5
17.5
246
..
Axial
●
I
MIL-HDBK-149B
8.4.7 In Fiqure 128b, the sleeve is constrained to rotate concentrically by
an antifriction bearing while being supported by a bonded seal in a floating
arrangement. With these arrangements, eccentricities of O.020 in. (O.51 .rm)
at 2000 rpm, or 0.006 in. (0.15 nun) at 4000 rpm can be tolerated.
6.4. E Probably the most cormnon dynamic seal for vacuum application is the
Wilson Shaft Seal shown in Figure 129. The holes in the rubber gaskets are
aPPrOxi~telY
tW@ thirds the shaft diameter.
I
I
8.4.9 For high vacuum applications, the general practice is to use double
seals, allowing for some gas leakage out of the inner seal which is then
pumped out. Examples and brief descriptions are shown in Figure 130.
8.4.10 The atmospheric pressure allowed through the pump out, and the
resilience of the rubber maintain the sealing force on the inner seal.
Permanent set of the rubber portion of the seal does not affect the sealing
ability. A soap film across the pump out will check the sealing ability of
the inner seal, and a vacuum across the pump out will check leaking until
repairs can be made.
8.4.11 The effactiveness of this type of seal depends upon careful design
and installation which should include:
(1 ) a smooth shaft; (2) proper
lubrication; and (3 ) proper compression--too much compression can cause the
seal to be cut or extruded, or both.
247
“MIL-HDBK-149B
O-atm
CRLbRW!D
sCC’flON
A
1milwER
Swecze TMIS .
SECTION
0?
O-*IIW
--it
SUGGESTED FACE SEAL O-RING ,APPLICATION . In
this case, the rectangular shape groove is
employed.
The gland width should be less
than the O-ring cross section width to
provide compreaaion or diametral squeeze of
the O-ring. The nominal outside diameter
of the O-ring indicatea the outaide diameter
of the circular groove as machined in the
metal part to which the end cap ia bolted.
HOLE PLUG SEAL, with the
O-ring contained in the
groove in the plug, being
squeezed ‘between the bottom
of the groove and the wall
of the holed part. Tbe
corner of the hole entrance
should be chamfered to
prevent pinching, cutting,
or otherwise damaging tbe
O-ring on installation.
USE OF BACK-UPS OR ANTIEXTRUSION
RINGS with rubber O-rings for effective
running aeala under high pressure (1500
to 3000 psig [10,340 to 20,685 kPag]).
The back-up rings. prevent excessive,
,,.
extrusion of the O-ring in”to clearance
gaps between piston and cylinder wall
and between piston rod and ita housing.
O-rings are also, ahcmrn without back-upa ,,,
in two static seal appli&at~6nb$. Note
O-ring in piston aasembly for:sealing
at a three-part, junction. ,,
!,,
:
STATIC SEAL application,
ahowlng a valve end connection.
The O-ring is
contained in an irregular
cavity, which, of course,
must bear the proper
relationship to the volume
of the O-ring.
FIGURS 126.
,’,
,. ..,,
DYNAMIC AND STATIC S&
‘&PLICATIONS
..,;
!.,;.
. ..?,,
.’.I,,’
!248
(75)
1
MIL-HDBK-149B
A.
$
Radial Stretch
100 - a
‘)
100
d3=d4-2d2(
B.
+ kl
Radial Compress
100 - a
—)
100
d6=d5+d2(
c.
kx
Axial - Pressure Out
‘) di.
100
d7=dl+2d2+(
D.
+
Axial - Pressure in (Vacuum)
d8=d1+(
‘)
d2
100
E.
Groove Width (W)
~=(lOO+a
)d2+
x
100
●
Legend:
dl = &ring
inside diameter
d2 = O-ring cross section diameter
d3 to d8 = As shown in sketches
kl = Correction of cross section-stretch
k2 = Correction of cross section-compress
(ID)
(ID)
w=
Groove width
x=
Variable added to establish volume of the void (25 to 40%)
Squeeze, percent ‘“
To establish k:
d2 can be estimated as being changed half of the percentage
that the core diameter of the C-ring changes.
Example:
FIGU2UI 127.
If the core diameter change is 4 percent?
then k E,0.02 d2
O-RIWG SEAL GROOVS DESIGN FOIu4ULAS (41)
249
MIL-RDBK-149B
R
,,
.,
BEARING
a.
FIGURE 128.
CENTERED-SLEEVE
b.
ARRANGEMENTS
FOR REDUCING WAFT
WRIP (72)
METAL
SPACERS
: RUBBER
SEALS
UMP OUT
,,
~,,250
MT L-HDBK-149B
m
TO
PUMP
The flange and plate arrangement
utilizes two concentric gaaketa.
The
inner gaaket constitutes the primary
seal, while the outer gasket provldea a
means of checking the inner gaaket ;and
ia an emergency seal upon the failure
of the primary seal. A soap film
acrosa the pumpout will be drawn inward
by a leaking primary seal. A vacuum
across the pumpout temporarily arrests
leaks.
The seal configuration is similar In
the use of two gasketa.
rubber is bonded to a metal spacer
flangea ‘pOrtdrilledin:::::e
into the intergasket space
‘ing
provides a meana of leak check and
emergency sealing.
-
T
FIGURE 130.
The ‘“Dumbbell””all rubber gasket ia
designed for sealing without grooves in
the flanges. Pins through the web
portions of the seal position it during
asaembly.
EXAMPLES OF GASKST TYPE SEALS FOR HIGH
VACUUM APPLICATIONS (80)
!0
251
L
MIL-HDBK-149B
only general parameters for gaskets will be discussed here,
6.5 Gaskets.
as Militazy Standardization Handbook, MIL-HDBK-212, covers nonmetallic gaskets
in considerable depth.
8.5.1 The function of a gasket is to provide a material which can flow into
the surface irregularities of mating areas which require sealing. To
accomplish this function, the gasket material must be under pressure,
requiring that the joint be tightly bolted or otherwise held together. The
gasket material must, of course, bs resistant to the fluid or gas.it is
intended tc seal. For oil, the nit,rile rubber group offers the best gasket
material (within its temperature limit) available to date. They have low
volubility, low swell, retain tensile properties well after oil penetration,
and have an operating temperature range of -6o to +3000F (-5o to +1500C) .
8.5.2 Among other low-cost rubbers, chloroprene seals well- against
nonaromatic gasolines, air, water, and refrigerant gases.
8.5.3 Irregular surfaces call for use of softer compounds with light bolt
loadings, whereas heavily bolted sections should have smoother flange
surfaces, harder gaskets, and thicker metal flanges.
8.5.4
Gasketing practices are as follows:
6.5.4.1 Gaskets should be partially or totally confined although flat, thin
gaskets need not be recessed.
6.5,.4.2 ‘C~pressive stresses in the range of 600 to 1200 psi (4.to 8 MPa)
give best results for flat sections.
8.5.4.3 Round’ or’ square section gaskets should lx?compressed 30 to 40
percent of their original thickness.
S.5.4.4
provided.
If the possibility cf overcompression
exists, solid stops should he
8.5.4.5 Any parts which are to be -compressed by rotating parts should be
lubricated prior to installation.
F.5.4.6 Overcompression combined with “cold flow” or set.may cause
deflection of flanges around the bolts and r@sult in bowing between bolts,
which may produce leaks. Bolt size and spacing, flange thickness and width,
and gasket hardness and thickness must all be considered in establishing a
design.
8.5.5 Figure 131 illustrates the effect of the hardness of rubber on the
compressive load required to deflect the rubber 20 percent of its original
thickness.
252
MIL-HDBK-149E
250
IIAMETER: 1.129 IN. (28.68 m)
AEIGHT:
1.000 IN. (25.40 m
200
.2
150
100
- 0.6
- 0.4
50
- 0.2
20% DEFLECTION
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
HARDNESS , DUROMETER A
FIGURE 131.
EFFECT OF HARDNESS ON THE COMPRESSION
REQUIRED TO PRODUCE 20% DEFLECTION (37)
253
MIL-HDBK-149B
9.
9.1
MAJOR FABRICATION NETHO!3S
Processing
9.1.1 %W natural rubber of the Hevea type is obtained from a latex, not a
sap, which occurs in special vessels of ,certain trees and other plants. The
rubber polymer is coagulated from the aqueous serum in which it is obtained,
then dried and mixed with additives to get a uniform material that will have
u“sefulproperties after it ;S vulcanized. Guayule iuhber is produced by
pulverizing the entire desert shrub in which it occurs, then separating the
polymer fron,the pulp; there is rio latex. Most of the naturally-occurring
resins are then removed, leaving only 2 - 6 parts of resin per 100 parts of
polymer. The resulting product, which is chemically very much like Hevea
rubber, can be treated in nearly the same manner as Hevea rubber. Nan-made
rubbers are polymerized from petroleum derivatives called petrochetiicals.
Rubbers from any source are shaped by means such as calendering, molding, or
A process diagram for rubber goods is shown
extrusion before vulcanization.
in Figure 132.
9.1.2 The” vulcanizing process requires the addition of a curing agent,
usually sulfur, and ,,theapplication of heat, to change the molecular structure
of the rubber. During vulcanization, the following changes c$cur:
(1)
The long chains of the rubber ‘molecules,become crosslinked by
reactions with the, vulcanizing agent to form three-dimensional
This reactibn transforms a soft weak plastic-like
structures.
mastic into a strong elastic product.
(2) ‘The rubber loses its tackiness, becomes insoluble in most solvents,
and is more resistant to deterioration no~ally caused by heat,
light, and aging processes.
9.1.3 Properties of the basic types of rubber can be further: enhanced by
compounding the elastcaner with various fillers and reinforcing agents.
However, improvements in certain. desirable properties by such compounding
techniques frequently results in deterioration of other characteristics, for
Therefore, perfomnance should k determined by testing
example, resilience.
prototype components under’ conditions closely simulating actual Service
conditions.
9.2
Nolding Methods
9.2.1 Molded rubber products are formed and vulcanized in a mold under the
simultaneous application of pressure and heat. Three processes are in general
use:
a.
b.
c.
Compressiori molding
Transfer molding
Injection molding
9.2.2 To compression mold, unvulcanized compounded rubber blanks having the
correct weight are prepared to the approximately correct shape, placed in one
part of the mold, and forced into final shape by the pressure of the press
pushing the two or more parts of the mold together. To transfer mold, a rubber
254
MIL-lIDB1:-149B
I
–~
, FIGURE 132.
.
. . ..
iw&- E..i
“i’TPICALFLOW DIAGRAMS FOR RUBBER GOODS MANUFACTURE
255
(84)
MIi-iiDB’Kld9E
blank is loaded into a transfer cavity and forced by a ram to flow through
runners into the mold cavities. Usually the”force on the ram is the force of
the closing press, although it.can be a separate hydraulic system. ‘lo
injection mold, a screw mechanism i’sused to heat the rubber and reduce its
viscosity. A ram (which frequently is the locked screw mechanism) then forces
the rubber through narrow runner passages into the cavities. Transfer molding
gives lower. curing time than compression molding, and injection molding gives
lower cure times than transfer molding. ”
9.2.3 The favorable features of molding a product include: uniformity,
close tolerance, good finish, “and alfiost unlimited adaptability to contour
design.
9.2.4
Molding
as a production
method has these disadvantages:
high cost of
mold equipment, cost of finished parts probably higher than an extruded part,
and the parts produced per day are limited by the number of cavities. in the
mold.
9.3
Mold Design.
For volume production of simple parts, multiple cavity
molds are used. Complicated parts requiring metal inserts for molding
cavities or holes into the rubber part generally require single cavity molds.
Parts having simple geometrical ~hapes with cavities along one axis only can
utilize simple two-piece molds, a ,portion of the cavity bein~ shaped in each
half. The part designed with holes or cavities in more than one direction, or
with geometry not permitting the mold to be opened in the direction of the
axis of a single cavity, necessitates the use of either inserts such as plugs
or mandrels or a multi sectional mold. A compression molding die and a
transfer-injection molding die are shown in Figure’ 133.
9.4
Molded Product Design Considerations
9.4.1’ The design of a molded rubber product greatly affects its final
have been met, a design review should
cost . After tbe functional re~irements
be made by utolding experts. Often, improvements facilitating manufacture to a
considerable extent while affect.ing function little, if at all, can be made.
9.4.2 To illustrate how design can result in more economical methods of
manufacture, Figure 134 shows two designs for a simple mount in which rubber
is bonde.5 to a metal plate.
9.4.3 Note that in the improved Design B of Figure 134, the sides of the
rubber part are tapered to allow easy extraction from the mold. The metal
insert is flat, making positioning in the die cavity simpler. This also
promotes easier stripping from the mold cavity by allowing formation of a
flash strip which permits unloading of all the cavities of the mold in one
operation. A sheared tab can be bent down. Design A of Figure 134 allows
rubber to flow into the cavity provided for the tab, covering it completely.
The material would fill the hole and subsequently have to be removed. With
the tab in its flat position, a pin .in the cavity enters this hole and
prevents its being filled.’
:
,
256
MIL-HDBK-14 9B
a.
Compression mold
“o
‘o
I
b.
Injection mold
FIGURS 133.
RUSSBR MOLOS
257
(37)
rnIL-HrrK-i49B
9.4.4 Wall thiekneps ranges fr$m 0.005 to 12,inche.v(0.13 to 300 mm) are
p-5ssiblewithin molded parta. Furthermore, uniformity of wall thickness is
However, great differences in wall thickness are not
not generally essential.
desirable in a specific part because of the difference in’vulcanization time
required for the various section thicknesses’.” The mechanical properties of
since
the thin sections
will be oversuch parts can never be optimum
vulcanized (reversion or hardening) and the thick sections undervu lcanized.
9.4.5 A draft from 1/2 to 1° should be provided .in the mold. The
flexibility of rubber makes it possible to mold undercuts in the rubber part,
if, during withdrawal,’ the rubber can be deformed and,displaced into cavities
created by the removal of plugs or mandrels. “Because of the noncompressibility of rubber, solid rubber components with external undercuts must be made in
a split mold,
-------:
++
a
1:
+
?:
1
------
I
DESIGN A
FIGURE 134.
-----
I
t
DESIGN B
yOTOR MOUNTING PAD DESIGNS
(51)
9.4.6 Flash, the ridge of the material which overflows from the cavity or
mold during’ mbl,ding, occurs at the mold parting line. A part must & designed
so that the parting line and the fla”sh which, is p’r?duced there occur at the
lea st objectionable area. If possible, it should be located at the larggst
cross-sectional area perpendicular to the direction of mold opening to
In finiahing requirements, masim’um allowable
facilitate’ part extraction.
flash should be specified and requirements for over-finishing should be
avoided to limit cost. When the part is of such a design that there is a
t.endemy for it to stick to the mold, a heavy flash may be desirable to
258
MIL-HDBK-149B
facilitate removal from the mold. Flash may be trimmed after the part emerges
from the mold by means of a die (precision method), by buffing, or by
tumbling. When buffing, an abrasion wheel is used to remove the flash.
Tumbling reguires that the parts be placed in a rotating drum, often with an
abrasive compound, and often at temperatures sufficiently low to increase
stiffness. The rubber parts rub and fall on each other, which abrades or
breaks the flash.
9.4.7 Rubber shrinks appreciably on cooling to room temperature after
vulcanization. “This shrinkage allowance is made by providing an enlarged mold
cavity. The actual amount depends on the curing temperature and the
difference in thermal coefficients between the rubber and the mold material.
Shrinkage varies from 0.6 percent for a given chloroprene compound, to as much
as 5 percent for certain silicones. On metal bonded paxts, shrinkage will be
unidirectional as the surface in contact with the metal is restricted.
Normally, shrinkage bccurs over areas which are not bonded. On drawings, no
The rubber nolder wi 11
shrinkage allowance should be made on dimensions.
estimate the amount of shrinkage to be expected, based on the specified
compound and will allow. for it when preparing the mold.
9.4.8 Surface finish may be varied from bright and glossy to one that
The finish of the mold, as well as the type mold
presents a dull appearance.
release agent used, affects the product’s finish. Polished and chrome-plated
molds produce a glossy finish, whereas abrasive-blasted mold surfaces yield
satin or semi-rough finishes. The surface appearance is also affected k!y
compounding, especially the kind and amount of carbcn black or other fillers.
9.4.9 In addition, wherever possible, extremely sharp edges and corners
should be avoided in rubber parts. A radius, no matter how slight, is
preferred anywhere except at the cut end of an extrusion.
Sharp edges are
likely to feather, and entrapped air may make the edge jagged as a result of
A O.031-inch (O.79-rmn)minimum radius is recommended. However,
pitting.
occasionally the omission of a radius requirement on a simple cylindrical or
torrodial shape.will convert a molded part to a less expensive part that can
be cut from an extrusicn.
I
1
10
I
I
9.4.10 Improved methods of vulcanization have, in many cases, made direct
attachment possible, and have eliminated mounting holes, bolts, and metal
flanges. When mounting holes are necessazy, care should be taken not to place
them too near each other or the edge. Mounting bolts or screws can
occasionally be made an integral part cf the rubber piece by curing the rubber
to the meta 1. A molded part may be attached to a machine by molding a groove
which will permit it to be snapped into a hole or around a disk-like mefier.
A pertinent example of such a design is a grommet. Male or female threaded
inserts should be avoided, as the excess rubber must be cleaned from the
A single large insert allows easier and less costly
threads after molding.
production than two smaller ones. Propositioning in the mold is facilitated
if the projecting end of the insert is of simple geometric shape. A draft of
One” minimum for surfaces perpendicular to the parting line is advieable on
parts more than 0.5 inch (13 mm) thick. Figure 135 illustrates good and bad
design examples.
259
MIL-HEBK-149B
9.5
Extrusion
9.5.1 Many rubber products in use and required fcr various applications
If these parts have surf,aces parallel to the
have complex cross sections.
longitudinal axis, they are generaily fabri’ca<ed kT extrusions. The process
of extrusion uses a rotating tube screw ,to force a rubber compound through an
extruding die having ,an aperture shaped to produce the desired cross section.
Tbia shaped material is placed in a steam chatier for curing or vulcanization. Alm,ost any shape can he extruded, provided all contours are parallel to
the longitudinal axis of the die.
9.5.2 General merits of this manufacturing process include:
low setup and
die costs; minimum waste or scrap, therefore, low finished part cost; can be
cut to ler.gthto forrn endless gaskets economically; and is the cheapest method
for mass production of small’parts, such as washers, spacers, and bushings.
9.5.3 Unfavorable factors to be considered in design are: moderately large
tolerances required; Durometer hardness limited to 40 minimum and 95 maximum;
diameter. usually limited to 4.5 inches (115 mm) maximum;, and some shape design
limitations.
.
I
9.5,4 The extrudate swells when leaving the die, depending upon the type of
elastomer, the amount of fillers, the sxtrusion speed, and the slope of the
die. Thin sections generally swell less than thick sections, that is, the
shape of the extrudate is clifferent from that of the die. It is therefore
i.mPOrtant that lar9e differences in cross-sectional area are avoided
the’ design of the extrudate.
during
260
I
MIL-ISDBX-149B
POOR
GOOD
To facilitate molding,
avoid holes or slots in
two directions.
To facilitate holding and
prepositioning of insert
in mold, provide projecting
ends with standard
gecunetricalshapes.
PI
HOLE FOR PIN
TO LOCATE
INSERT IN MO
J$$l
To prevent peeling under
shear load, provide
generous fi11ets and
overhang of inserts where
practicable.’
INSERT
OVERHANG
FILLET
H
To prevent failure caused
by concentrateon of stress
at sharp internal’corners,
use fi1lets.
FILLETS
SHARP
CORNERSw
z
B
PART ‘HELD
SECURELY BY MOLD
FIGuRS 135.
●
MOLD
MOLD
To prevent cocking of parts
during molding, design
mold to hold parts securely
B
PART NCfTHELD
ISECURELY BY l@LD
SOHS FACTORS INvOLVED IN DESIGN OF RUSBER PARTS, PANEL A
261
MIL-HDBK-149B
Gooo
POOR
SHARP EOGE
‘RADIUS “.
To prevent featherin,gand.
pitting, avoid.sharp edges.
./
,’”
p
To prevent tearing’at
mounting holes, keep
holes wel1 spaced and
away from edges.
:0
00000
0
0
0
0
0
0°
000000
FLAsH
To facilitate trimwningof
flash, locate flash groove
at edges. .
FLASH
,,
b
@
UNIFO~
CROSS
SE TION
To ensure uniform
distribution of tensile
load at bopding surfaces,
keep rubber cross section
uniform.
IONUNIFORM
CROSS
SECT N
---I
!EJ
~li.
INSERT
To simplify molding and
decrease costs, avoid
multiple inserts.,
.-—
INS
m
FIGURE 135.
SONS FACTORB INVOLVED IN DESIGN OF RUBBER PARTS, PANEL B
262
MIL-HDBK-149B
● ✚
I
m
Stresses are overconcentrated on the edges
of the insert. Edges and
corners have not been
rounded off.
The insert has been
reversed and more uniform
application of stresses
has been achieved. The
corners have been rounded
off to prevent cutting.
Design Sequence for a Solid Tank Tire:
FIGURE 135.
A.
Dovetai1s and serrations unnecessary; merely
complicate cleaning.
B.
Local stress concentrations were found to occur
in the corners of the ,rim shoulder causing
separation.
c.
Shoulders removed.
D.
Improved design with major causes of bond failure
eliminated.
SONE FACTORS INVOLVSD IN DESIGN OF RUBBER PARTS, PANEL C
263
MI L-HDBK-149B
,,
,)
,.,
I
,,
1.2 INCH
(30.5 Ills)
1 ml)
700,,
52 inn)
.7 INCH
22 .Jnll)
&
1
.!
The bonded ‘metal plates
of the coupling have been
modified so that under a
given stress the strain
remaina constant over the
whole rubber section from
the center out to ,the
periphery.
,,.
The parallel bonded faces
of’ the coupling apply
progreaaively greater
strains on the rubber
sect,ion from the center
to the periphery for the
same amount of angular
movement.
,
,!,
... ,, . ..
,..
.:
.
.
...
,.,
, ‘...
,,
. ...
...
,.,.
,,
SOME FACIKUiS ItiVOLVED IN DESIGN OF RUBBER PARTS, PANEL D
,.~.,.
. ...
. . ... . . .
.
,,
,.,
,
,.4.
;..
,, .,, .:,
,,’.....
$,.
,
. ..
., :, ..., . .
,264
.:
.,
FIGURE 135.
MIL-HDBK-14915
9.6
Extruded Product Design Considerations.
9.6.1 To reduce distortion during vulcanization, extrusions should he
designed with one side f Lat, if possible. Wall thicknesses should be
sag during
vulcanization.
reasonable since thin wall sections
9.6.2 Since extrusion dies are developed for a specific rubber compound and
compensate for extrusion swell, any major change in compound hardness or
rubber type will likely require a die revision or a new die. Different rubber
compounds extruded from the same die will usually result in different. size?,
but generally the same shaped, extruded product.
9.6.3 The manner in which the extruded shape is cured, in coils or i-n
straight lengths, may affect its usefulness in the application intended. A
rubber product manufacturer will cure extrusions in loose coils, unless the
purchaser requests curing in straight lengths.
9.6.3.1 A certain amount of curvature will result in the final product
after curing in coils. If this curvature is objectionable, the purchaser
should specify “Extrude and cure in straight length - dc not coil”. The
grsatest length that can be cured straight without coiling is approximately 14
feet (4.5 m) , although specialty items may be made in much longer lengths.
9.6.3.2 l’ub~nu cured in larqe dismeter coils may not be trulv round in
crose section, e~pecially if tie diameter/wall thi;kness ratio is small. If
ovality, as noted in some procurement specifications, is a, requirement for a
circular cross-section part, such as a tube to be used as an air seal, curing
should be in straight lengths on mandrels or poles to preserve tbe ovality.
,,
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L
9.6.4 Tbe term “extrudability” descrikes the perfection tc which a
compounded rubber can be extruded. Extrudability is a function of the
physical properties of the rubber which are detemined by chemical structure
and material compounding, cross-section variations and complexity, and length
of the uncured piece.
9.6.5 In general, hard rubbers allow closer tolerances and thinner cross
sect ions than do soft rubbers. Compounds with higher tensile strengths
require greater tolerances than do low tensile strength compounds. Natural,
SBR, chloroprene, NBR, butyl, and silicone robbers all can be cqopounded to
extrude a variety of satiefactory cross sections.
9.6.6 A uniformly thick cross section can be better extruded in softer
material than can a cross section that varies from thick to thin, If a
section is ixregular in shape, support of the section during cure may be
Thin cross sections cannot be handled in straight lengths over 60
necessa~.
inches (1500 mm) and still be held to close tolerances.
Uniform tolerances
can be held over the entire length of the extrusion, if the design of the
cross section is such that the product can be coiled during cure.
,,.,.
9.6.7 It is clifficult to generalize tbe effects of the many factors on the
extrusion of rubber products. As guides in planning extrusion products,
several of these factors have been related in chart form. These extrudabi lity
charts can k used in several ways. If one of the factors rslated by the
charts is given for a specific extrusion, the charts show the limitations that
factor places on the nature of the ,axtrusion. If more than one factor is
265
.
MIL-HDBK-149B
given, the chatis show how ‘the relationship of the factors will affect the
tensile
strength,
and
nature of the extrusion. Figure 136 relates hardness,
tolerance limits to the minimum practical. uniform thickness that can be
extruded satisfactorily.
The’ areas. enclosed by the curved lines are the
limits for the specifications designated within the areas. If any of the
factors on the chart are given for ,a product, the extrudability of the product
ban be found. For example, ‘if a material must meet the’ specifications of
strength
(point A on the
50-Durometer A hardness, 1,500 psi (10.3 MPa) tensile
chart) , the product can be extruded with a“.
minimum thickness of O.060 inch
(1.52 mm) and with a thickness tolerance of plus or minus 0.020 inch (O. 51
If tensile
strength
and hardness
mm) .
curve,
the product is impractical to
specifications
fall
outside
the
longest
extrude. Figure 137 relates hardness,
tensile strength, and tolerance in extrusions with nonuniform cross sections
that have a great variation in sectiori thickness. This chart can be used to
find the tolerance for an extruded’ cross section of given hardness and tensile
strength. For example, if the material has the’ specifications of 50-Durometer
A hardness; 1,500 psi (10..3f4Pa) tensile strength (point A on the chart) , it
can be extrudeii with a’ tolerance of plus or minu”s O.020 inch (O.51 mm)
aswell.
‘9.6..5 Two facts are apparent from Figures 136 ‘and 137. First, the absolute
minimum hardness for extrusion in noriunifqrm thin” sections is higher (45
Duroneter A). than for extrusions of uniform ,thickness (37 Durometer A) . The
minimuin hardness of 45 Durom6ter A would be covered by a specification of 50
plus-or-minus-s Durometer A, and is.~nterpreted to mean that 50 is the minimm
hardness that should be specified. This ‘coqdition exists because. of the
higher. swell characteristics
of sefte”r materials
and the difficulty
encountered in attempting to.build an extruding die to produce thin and thick
sections immediately adjacent to one an6ther’. The second significant fact is
that the closer tolerances, indicated for higher hardness and relatively lower
tensile materials, are in line with the, thinner extrusions permissible in
these same physical ranges;
.,,
9.6 .“9 Orientation occurs ‘during flow, of ‘the elastomer through the extrusion
,die. Most of this built-in ,stress relaxes rather rapidly, even though smaller
Extkudates have the tendency,
amounts are still present after vulcanization.
therefore, to shri”nk even over long time .ipans.
.,,.”
.’
.,.
Downloaded
., from http://www.everyspec.com
MIL-HDBK-14 9B
I
I
TENSILE STRENGTH, MPa
5
10
II
90 .
15
20
I
I
1- *
1
MT=O.030 IN.
TOL=O.005 IN.
I
/
IMPRACTICAL
TO COMPOUNO
\
85
80 L
75 ~
r
+
MT=O.040’IN.
TOL=O.O1O IN.
/ ‘
/
~
MT=O.050 IN.
TOL=O.015 IN.
/J.
t
I
A
U.UL /
IN.
A
/
I
I
1
/
1
/
I
IMPRACTICAL
TO EXTRUOE
MT=O.1OO IN.
I
1
1
1“
I
I
1
- 1500
2000
1000
TENSILS STRENGTH, PSI
ill
I
I
I
2500
MT = MINIMUM THICKNESS
TOL = TOLERANCE LIMITS
inch
0.005
0.010
0.015
0.020
0.030
FIGUNE 136.
mm
0.13
0.25
0.3s
0.51
0.76
inch
0.040
0.050
0.060
0.100
mm
1.02
1.27
1.52
2.54
EXTRUSICN TOLERANCES AS A FUNCTI@4 OF EARDNESS ,
TENSILE STRENGTB , AND THICKNESS OF RUBBER SECTICN
(SEE 9.6.7 FOR EXAMPLE)
267
-
3
hIL-HDBK-149B
TENSILE STiENGTIi, MPa
5
10
I
15
20
I
~
I I ‘<
90
IMPRACTICAL
TO COMPO~NO
TOL=O.005 iN.
#
I
I
85
/
80
\
,,
75
8
I
TOL=O.O1O IN.
/
/
70
65
60
/
d
{
~
55
TOL=O.015 IN.
/
/
50
/
45 —
~
~
/
TOL=O.020 IN.
,.
.
IMPRACTICAL
TO EXTRUDE
40
35
‘1OOO
1500
.
2000
2500
TENSILE STlU3NGTil,PSI
TOL = TOLERANCE L IMl‘R5
FIGURE 137.
inch
mm
0.005
0.010
0.015
0.020
0.13
0.25
0.38
0.51
EXTRUSION Tolerances AS A FUNCTION OF EARDNESS AND
TENSILE STRENGTH FOR NCNWJNIFORN CROSS SECTIONS
(SEE 9.6.7 FOR EXANPLE)
,..
268
3000
I
MIL-HDBK-149B
5.7
Calendering.
9.7.1 Calendering is the process in which raw rubber stocks are fed through
a series of steel cylinders parallel-mounted in a vertical bank. The space
between rolls can be adjusted accurately so as to build up proper gage. After
the sheet stock has been run through the calender, it is vulcanized in a hot
room or cured in long vulcanizing presses. This sheet stock can be stamped or
punched into practically any desired shape, provided top and bottom surfaces
are flat.
9.7.2 A special case of calendering is the technigue whereby a fabric is
coated with a film of rubber. The fabric and sheeted rubber are passed
through rolls to effect the permane~t lamination. The character and guantity
of the coating applied is governed by the setting, temperature, and speed
ratio of the rolls.
9.7.3 The advantages of calendering are: substantial daily production,
uniformity of finished parts, nominal initial set-up charges, low cost per
unit, no guantity too large or too small, great flexibility of design and
materials, !ninimum time before commencing production, and usually many stock
dies available which can be utilized without amortization expense.
9.7.4 Disadvantages to be considered are: articles must be flat on both
sides, and the wastage of material if the article has large cut-out sections.
9.8
Rubber-to-Mets 1 Bonding.
9.8.1 Rubk.er can be konded to most metals with good results. Lead, nickel
plate, and cadmium fonv only poor to fair direct b“onds with rubber. Bonding
is necessary in applications such as mounts and couplings where rubber is used
in shear or tension, and is optional when rubber is used in compression pads.
In the latter case, bonding is the best method of retaining control over the
stress-strain relationship. When, for instance, an adhesive bond does not
exist in a sandwich application, the surface of the rubber in contact with the
metal wi 11 spread out in accordance with the frictional conditions of the
surface. hetal inserts must also be bonded to the rubber.
9.8.2 Design of a bonded assembly should consider a number of factors,
relating mostly to avoiding localized areas of high stress. Sharp corners and
edges should be avoided. Projecting lips, tending to restrict the flow of
rubber under stress, should be eliminated. Acute angles formed by the rubber
around inserts should be avoided. Cross sections of the same general
shculti be used tc reduce variations in the state of cure. The
thickness
range
stresses in the rubber should be uniformly distributed insOfar as pOssible,
(for example, cylindrical assemblies loaded in torsion) . Large external
fillets or radii should be designed.
9.8.3 The oldest method of bonding rubber to metal utilizes the ability of
brass to form a chemical union with the rubber. Netal parts are brass-plated
with a 70/30 or 80/20 copper-zinc alley, coated with a liquid rubber bonding
Brass plating is expensive and is not satisfactory
agent and then vulcanized.
in all cases. For, an effective bond, the specific brass alloy must h
In recent years, bonding agents effective
tailoreti to the rubber compound.
Such bonding agents are
without brass plating have been developed.
commercially available and m,ust be selected to be compatible with the rubber
269
NIL-HDEIK-149B
as well as with the metal used. In some instances, a two-coat kcmding agent
is most effective, the primer being able to achieve a good bond with the metal
and..
the second coat with the rubber.
●
conducted in ‘accordance with ASTM
Specification D429. Method ‘A is a tensile test, and Method B a 90-degree peel
test. As bond strengths have improved with better manufacturing procedures
and.materials, Method. A has frequently resulted in failure in the robber
Hence, Method B is
itself, and actual bond strength could not k determined.
In Table XL, some comparative values of
becoming the pref erreti test method.
tensile bond strength are indicated when the rubber was bonded directly to
brass.
9.8.4
Bond
strength
tests
are
TABLE YL .
CONFARAT’lVE !30ND STF.ENGTH OF
VARIOUS POLYMERS ’20 BRASS
24-Hour
Strer,gth
Rubber
generally
30-Day
Accelerated Aging
12-Month
Shelf Life
,.
Tensile Strength, psi
Natural
Chloroprene
SBR
Butyl
998
702
398
426
922
65e
594
618
68o
137
267
700
Tensile Strength, MFa
Natural
.
.6.36
4.64
2.74
2.?.4
,Chlo~oprene
SBR
Butyl
9.8.5
6.68
4.69
4.54
4.10
4.26
0.94
1.84
4.83
Failure stresses vary naturally with the mode of loading.
9.8.5.1 The following are some average ultimate bond strength values which
to brass directly or with intermediary
are achievable either by bonding
bonding agents to other metals.
MPa
psi
,,
Tension:
Shear:
Compression:
9.8.5.2
limits:
,.,
600- 1500
800.-.1200
2000 - 5000
4.14 - 10.34
5.52 - 8.27
13.79 - 34.47
It .is recommended that design stresses be held within the following
,,
,..
Tension:
shear,:
Compression:
psi
MPa”
150
150
750
1.03
1.03
5.17
270
●
MIL-HDEK-149B
●
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9.8.6 Failure in rubber-bonded-to-metal
articles generally results from:
stress concentrations caused by poor design, metallic corrosion at the bonding
layer, rubber deterioration by solvents, oils, or gases, and peeling in shear
loaded parts.
9.6.7 Metal parts molded into rubber should not be knurled. Surfaces
should be machined smooth. In some cases, qrit or shot blastina,
.- or acidetching the metal surface improves the bond. Surfaces must always bs clean
and nonporous, as porosity allows cleaning agents to remain and gradually
destroy bond quality. Nonporous cast surfaces need not be machined before
bonding. Aluminum or aluminum alloys are best prepared by treating them with
chemical solutions which will produce polar surfaces.
9.6.8 Figure 135.illustrates, good and poor practices in rubber-to-metal
bonding.
I
9.9
Tolerances.
9.9.1 Dimensional variations on finished rubber
of shrinkage variation and mold design.
32 :s occur mainly because
9.9.2 All rubber shrinks to some extent after moldirg. The mold designer
and rubber compounder must estimate the amount of shrinkage and incorporate
this allowance into the mold-cavity size. Shrinkage varies with type of
As a
compound, rubber batch variance, cure time, temperature, and pressure.
result, even using a mold built to anticipate shrinkage, an inherent
variability remains which must be covered by adequate dimensional tolerance.
9.9.3 Molds are designed and built to varying degrees of precision.
The
mold designer attempts to get the highest amount of precision and mold life
per dollar of mold cost. With any type of mold, the mold builder must have
some tolerance, and therefore each cavity will have some variance from the
others. For molds requiring high precision, the design and machining work is
perf onned accordingly.
Consequently, the cost of such a mold is higher than
In addition to cavity variations,
for one having less rigorous requirements.
In a simple two-plate
the accuracy of mold “register” must be considered.
mold, register is the parallel fit between the halves of the mold when
closed.
In simple molds, the register is usually oktained by sturdy dowel
If tolerances are too tight on dimensions affected by tbe
pins and bushings.
register, the wear on dowel pins creates the need for frequent mold
For parts requiring close register, greater precision is
maintenance.
obtained ky other types of mold construction such as self-registering
The dimensional variations on finished rubber parts must be taken
cavities.
into consideration by the specification of realistic tOlerance= for ~ach
dimension.
9.9.4 To arrive at an acceptable method of showing dimensions and
tolerances on molds, the terms “fixed” and “clos”ree, dimensions ~u~t be
Fixed describes those dimensions parallel to the
defined and understock.
parting line (see Figure 138) . Ir,a simple wheel with half the wheel formed
in each half of the mold and the flash line around the OD, the CD and the hub
diameter are fixed dimensions.
Holes formed ~ solid pins will usually be
included in this classification.
Fixed dimensions are not affected by flashthickness variations.
Closure dimensions are those dimensions at right angles
271
MIL-HDBK-149B
to the mold parting line or to parting lines of major mold sections.
thickness of the wheel (Figure 138) is a closure dimension.
The
9.9.5 These dimensions are affected by flash thickness variation.
In
addition to the shrinkage, mold-maker’s tolerance, trim and finish methods,
and a numbsr of other factors affect closure dimensions.
Among these are flow
characteristics, weight and shape of the raw stock, and types Of f’lash 9r00ve~
or other relief devices. While closure dimensions are affected by flash thicknes B variation, they are not necessarily related to basic flash thickness.
If
a manufacturer plans to machine or die-trim a part, the mold is pl”anned with
an artificial flash, which is thicker than if hand-flashing or tumble-trim is
to be employed. Thus, parts purchased from two sources may have different
basic flash thickness. at the parting line and yet, both meet drawing dimensions.
9.9.6 There is usually a logical place for the mold designer tq locate the
If the product design limits this
parting line for best dimensional control.
locationi an alternate mold ccnstructionf which may limit the tolerance
control on the part. or,,increase the cost of the mold, is required.
9.9.7 AS a guide for the designer, the Rubber. M.anufacturers Association
(R1.lk)
has set up tolerance schedules for molded and extruded rubber parts.
The four RNA classes, the basis of the schedules, are defined in Table XLI .
Economy dictates that the widest possible tolerance be selected. If one
tolerance class is used exclusively for a part, the appropriate drawing
designation (that is, Al, AZ, A3, Gl, or Ml) can be used in place of
Table XLI lists the general dimensional
individual dimension tolerances.
Tolerances for extrude~ parts are given in
tolerances for molded products.
Table XLII (cross-sectional dimensions) , TaEle XLIII (cut-length dimensions ),
Table XLIV (mandrel-cured tubing dimensions) , and Table XLV (ground-surface
tubing dimensions ). Table XLVI lists general dimensional tolerances for
extruded parts made from silicone, polyacrylate, fluoroelastomer, and other
post cured rubber compounds.
9.9.6 -In establishing realistic tolerances for extrusions, the elastomers
have been divided into two groups, and a tolerance schedule compiled for
each. In general, Group 1 includes “compounds with hardness of 55 Durometer A
or higher. Group 2 includes compounds difficult to extrude and are frequently
in the”hardness ranges les”sthan 55 Durometer A.
9.9.9 Ovality tolerances of extruded tubing, which normally require curing
in straight lengths, are 10 percent of the nominal diameter in sizes up to and
including 0.500 inch (12.70 nun), and 15 perCent in ldr9e1 SiZe S. Ovality
tolerances are normally applicable to wall thicknesses O.063 inch (1.60 nun) or
over, and are computed from the difference between the minor and major axis
diameter measurements; taken at the same transverse plane on the tube,
expressed as a percentage of the nominal diameter, measured either on the
inside diameter, ID, or outside. diameter, ~OD. Cvality tolerances were
established for’aircraft tubing and are shown in the SAE Aerospace Material
Specifications on rubber materials.
,,.
.,
9.5.10 The concentricity .of surfaces are specif ied as total indicator
runout (T.I.R.) in decimals. Where close tolerances are required, it may be
advantageous or even necessary to specify greater tolerances for molding, and
then tc specify the close tolerances after grinding, allowing sufficient stock
for this operation. Cases to be considered include:
272
●
hIL-HrJ3K-149rl
●
(1)
Concentricity of all cylindrical surfaces formed by the same mold
part (dimensions “A” and “B”, Figure 139b) .
(2 )
Concentricity of all cylindrical surfaces formed by mating mold
parts (surfaces “c” and llA,,,
O= UC,,with ,,
B,,, Figure 139b) .
(3)
Concentricity
(4)
concentricity of metal with metal surfaces! (surfaces llAII
and ‘lE1),
Figure 139c ).
(5 )
COnCentrlCity of r.etal with rubber surfaces (surfaces ‘lA!*
and ,,B)c
,
Figure 139c) .
of
all
surfaces
of
a metal
insert
(Figure
139c) .
9.?. 11 An angular tolerance of one degree should be specified for unground
parts, and squareness should be specified in the same manner. The angle
specified is to be u,easured either from a convenient axis, or one of the
surfaces (Figure 139e) .
9.9.12 Flatness should be specified as deviation from the true plane.
unground molded surfaces, a O.010-inch (O.25-Inm) tolerance is realistic.
ground surfaces, this can be tightened to 0.005 inch (0.13 mm) .
For
For
9.9.13 Parallelism tolerance should be specified for short distances on an
overall Easis or, for long parts, as a deviation per specified length; for
example, parallel within O.030 inch {0.76 mm) or parallel within O.050 inch
per foot (4.17 mtn/m). These figures represent reasonable commercial”
tolerances (Figure 139a) .
9.$.14 An understanding of manufacturing procedures is helpful in
understanding the applicable dimensional tolerances and avoiding unnecessarily
close control, which increases part costs cimsiderahly.
A typical example is
the requirement for mandrel-cured and subsequently surface-ground extruded
tubing. When it becomes necessary to hold the tubing round and to close
tolerances, a mandrel of the proper size must be inserted in the inside
This limits the length of the
diameter of the tubing before vulcanizing.
tubes. The shrinkage that occurs after rsmoval from the mandrel causes the
inside diameter to be less than the mandrel size or, i“ other words,
tolerances are always minus with no plus, as shown in Table XLIV. This means
that tubes vulcanized on standard mandrels will have an inside diamter less
If a standard inside diameter is necessary for tubing, then
than standard.
special oversize mandrels are required. These specially grcuid oversize
mandrels are costly and many times can be avoided through understanding of the
The designer should indicate
problem. and proper consideration for tolerances.
what type of surface would be required on the outside diameter of tubing, such
as surface ground, cloth-wrapped or as-extruded surface. Any tube that has to
have close tolerances cn the outside dismeter will generally have a ground
surface. Cloth wrapping aids in maintaining a round shape and is used when
the rubber compound is soft and may sag in curing; an imprint of the cloth
wrapping will be on the outside surface. If the type of surface is net
indicated, the rubber fabricator will assume that an as-extruded surface will .
bs acceptable.
●
27?.
MIL-HDBK-149B
9.9.15 Standard thickness tolerances for molded cellular, open cell sponge
anti closed cellular rubber are shown in Table XLVII, while width and length
tolerances are ahown in Table XLVIII. Note that the four-class designation is
shown in these Rubber Manufacturers Association tolerance tables.
CLOSURE
DIMENSIONS
UPPER
MOLD
PLATE
FLASH
,,
MOLD
PLATE
FIXED DIMENSIONS
FIGiJRE 136.
,.
NOMSNCLATUSE FOR DIMENSIONAL
TOLERANCES OF MOLDED PRODUCTS
,.
,.
274
.,
,..””-
... .,1
,..
-:,.
(67)
MI L-HDBK-149B
SKE~E
SKETCH 2
1
In Sketch 1, the platea of the sandwich mount are parallel.
Example:
Sketch 2, they are not. On such a part approximately 8 iriches square
(200 mm square) , parallelism to within 0.030 inch (0.76 mm) can be
expected.
In
(a)
Rubber Parta with no Metal Inserts
a.
I
All diameters formed by the same piece of the metal mold will be
concentric within 0.010 inch (0.25 mm) T.I.R. (Total Irxlicator
Runout) .
Example: Diameter ‘A’ will be concentric with Diameter
0.010 inch (0.25 mm) T. I.R.
b.
‘B= within
Other diameters will be concentric within 0.030 inch (0.76 MUI) T. I.R.
P,xample: Diameter ‘A” or ‘B- will ba concentric with Diameter
within 0.030 inch (0.76 mm) T. I.R.
(b)
FIGURS 139.
PARALLELISM, CONCENTRICITY,
275
AND SQUARSNI$SS (67)
..
‘Cm
,.
“~‘H---b’!,
v-l-
*E
LLL_L-1
Rubber Parts with Metal Inserts
.,
Rolls
Outside surface ‘“A”will be concentric with shaft “B’”within 0.030
inch (0.76 mm) T. I.R. plus the metal tolerance if the shaft is
unground.
Note:
Parts mey be ground to corisiderably c~oser tolerances.
,. ...,,,,
,., :
(c). :
“
‘
,.:
,;
. .
,’:;
VIBRATIONDAMPERS
. .,.1,..:..
1-’.
. :. Concentricity may be within 0.035 inch:’
(O.89 mm) T.1.R:
:.,,
This type
of part requires more control .tbaq is usually used on other
commercial proiiucta.
:“. :.,,.,
., ...,’ ,:..,.
.:.
.,
(d)
.:
FIGURR 139.
“PARALLELISM;
‘
‘CONCENTRIC~TY, AND “SQU&tSNESS (continued )
.276
s
“\
..-
.
...
MIL-HDBK-149B
0.75 INCH
1’
CONCENTRI
m
2:~
OE
.rm
INCH (13
E
WHEELS
On similar wheel, having an outside diameter Of 3 inches (76 mm) ,
concentricity within 0.030 inch (0.76 mm) and wobble within 0.030 inch
(0.76 mm) can be expected.
SKETCH 1
Rubber-to-Metal
SKETCH 2
Part
1A Sketch 1, rubber surface B-B is square with axis k-h as the angle is true
90 degrees.
Sketch 2 indicates the same example with the 1 degree tolerance
exaggerated.
Note:
This type of part requires closar control than is usually normal with
commercial parts.
(f)
FIGURS 139.
,PASALLELISM, CONCENTRICITY, ANu SQUARENESS (continued )
’277
MIL-HnBK-149B
I
II
I
II
218
1
‘o
l.”
MIL-HLLK- 14SE
Tt&iL1.XLII .
STANDARD CROSS SECTIONAL TOLH@NCES
- EXTHJDED RUBBER PAWS
RUBBSR MANuFACTURERS ASSOCIATION (RMA )~i (61)
0,-1IMU
m m a.!m.
omro.m-O.IW,
w
OVwO.!m
-0.2s4,
1%1
049?
O.m-O.
O),IRJ
* O.bm
-a.m.I“cl
00S?
hum-I,aa,
Id
OnTI.ad
‘km
w w o.!m.
HU
w o.lm
-O.lW.
Incl
w O.lW
-O.m.k!
* 0.2!4
-Q.4C0,
hr.)
m O.a.0.6=.
+=1
on?O.uo
-1.
MO.+=1
Cnr1.OM
TABLS SLII-SI .
n~y; h
mc: I
n ct.,,
z
#.Jlm
Om$ *!C+
w“:
r’
Ii
M,,,
?mcIsto”
-w.)
M&
-1,.,
.+4.OIQ
Wam
lam>
,0.010
,0.411
‘0.0,6
,0,016
,0.
m
10.011
,6,015
*O.
m
.4.02s
,0.02s
*O,
m
to.
032
*O.
032
.0.02s
*.MO
pmym
ml,’,,,
Mtf,l,
D,*,**
D,m,,m
w 0.022s
b,0.0273
b,0,
ma
0r0uP2- 101
-mu! [MS
,0.013
Za.olo
!0.01s
,0.013
,0.olc
,0.670
:0.016
,0.
m
:0.025
*0.UO
,0,121
,0.030
.0.025
:0
.Om
*0.
C4
,Uox
*0.
OIJ
,0.0s0
:1:~
W& :“
ml,’,,,
al-m
,,“
,,O.ons
8,0.
03!4
9JO.m$o
m cl,,, ,
2T$.
w,,,,”,
Grmc”
S.ols
S.au
a.02s
a 03/
IV.ola
>0.mn
:W&ym
w 0,?4%
!0.020
S.015
*0.OM
an.
w
,0,0$4
am
IuIc,,,,
Q,-,C4
e 0.05!4
STANDARD CROSS SBCTIONAL TOLERANCES -.E;TRUDED RUBBER PAPTS .
RUBBER MANUFACTURERS ASSCCIATICN (MA )41 i69 )
0?9?
2.!0
- M.: !-!
U.Wcm. I.m.
and
DmrC.m-Io.
m.k!
mw lo.m.
mm. 4=!
* wm. a.m.WI
*.2!
,8.X
,0.40
*0.
*
to.
63
au
,0.
M
,0.0
,0.m
,0.0
,0.50
,0.0
‘0.
m
,1,
m
,0.30
au
4.0
,1.
m
,1
.4s
OJ Z.lo
- Lm,$s1
o.wa.m.no.I*I
mu 6.m.lo.m.
Id
O.RIo.
m .ma H
ourIs.
m -n.m.*ntl
,0.=
4.w
10.50
,0.
u
Am
M.w
,0,
w
10.u
.0.s0
11.
co
,0.50
*O.
u
am
:1.
m
,,,2,
.0.43
sa.m
,!.
m
,,.2s
,!.
M
,0.32
.
.. .
MIL-HDBK-149E
‘,
,,
TABLE XLIII .
STANDARD CUT-LENGTH TOLERANCES - EXTRUDED PAR.TS,
RUBSER NANUPACTURSRS ‘ASSOCIATION (M,) (69 )
RNA Class 1
Drawing
Designation
Length”
RMA Class 2
D rawi iig
Designation
L2
Commercial
,,L1 ,
,’
Precision
Inches
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Group 1“Compound Tolerances, Inc1#
up to
4.000, incl.
4.000 6.300, incl.
6.30010”.000, incl.
10.’000 - 16.000, ‘incl.
16.000 - 25.000, incl.
25”.000 - 40.000, iIIC1.
40.000 “- 63.000, inc”l.
’63.000 - 100.’000, incl.
100..000 - 160.000,. +ncl.
.,,
Inches
RNA Class 3
Drawing
Designation
L3
Noncritical
:
4.000, incl.
up to
Over
4.000 .6.30G, ipcl.
Over : 6.300 - 10.000~ incl.
Over .10.000 - 16.000, ipcl.
Over 16.000 - 25.000, incl.
Over 25.0’00 - 40.000, ,incl.
Over 40.000 - 63.”000, incl.
Over 63.000 - 100.000, incl.
Over 100.000 - ‘i60.000, incl.
+0.040
:0.050
~0.063
30.080
+0.100
~0.125
~0.160
+0.200
~0.250
~,
+0.063
:0.080
+0.100
=0.125
~0.160
TO. 200
;O. 250
:0.315
TO.400
Gr6up 2 ‘Compound Tolerances,
.,
+0.080
+0. C50
To.lorl
TO”.063
~0.125
TO’.080
~0.160
~o”.loo:
70.200
+0.125
~0.160
~0.250
:0.315
70.200
:0.400
~0.250
~o.3i5
....~o.5oo
~o.loo
+0.125
~0.160
:0.200
+0.250
30.315
+0.400
~o.5oo
+0.630
Inc&/
+0.125
TO.160
~o.2oo
~0.250
:0.315
+0.40”0
~o.5oo
~0.630
~o. eoo
y-
In general Group’ 1:compounds are harder or more fin?, with
Durometer A hardness of 55 or higher.
2/-
In general Group 2 compounds are softer, with Ourometer A hardness
of” less than 55, and include the more difficult tO extnde
Special consideration should ke given to extremely
compounds.
soft compounds and. high tensile Strength compounds.
..’,
I
280
MIL-HOBK-149B
TABLE xLII 1-S1 .
STANDARD CUT-LENGTH TOLERANCES - EXTRUDED PARTS ,
RUBBER MANUFACTURERS ASSCCIATIGN (IWIA) (60)
RMA Class 1
Drawing
Designation
L1
Precision
Length
!
Millimetres
I
up to 100.00i
Over 100.00 - 160.00,
Over 160.00 - 250.00,
Over 250.00 - 400.00,
Over 400.00 - 630.00,
Over 630.00 - 1000.00,
Cver 1000.00 - 1600.00,
Over 1600.00 - 2500.00,
~er 251J0.00 - 4000.00,
SMf Class 3
Drawing
Designation
L3
Noncritical
Group 1 Compound Tolerances, mml/
incl.
incl.
incl.
incl.
incl.
incl.
incl.
incl.
incl.
+1. 00
=1.25
71.60
72.00
=2.50
=3. 15
;4.00
;5.00
_
Z6.30
+1. 60
;2.00
~2 .50
T3.15
74.00
~5. 00
+6.3o
%. 00
+io. oo
:2.50
:3.15
+4. 00
35.00
36.30
38.00
~lo. oo
~12.50
+16.00
Group 2 Compound Tolerances, rN&
Millimetres
Up to 100.00,
Over 100.00 - 160.00,
Over 160.00 - 250.00,
Over 250.00 - 400.60,
Over 400.00 - 630.00,
Over 630.00 - 1000. GO,
Over 1000.00 - 1600.00,
Over 1600.00 - 2500.00,
Over 2500.00 - 4GO0.00,
RNA Class 2
Drawing
Designation
L2
Commercial
incl.
incl.
incl.
incl.
incl.
incl.
incl.
incl.
incl.
~1.25
+1. 60
:2.00
=2.50
=3. 15
74.00
;5.00
~6.30
~8.00 ,
+2.00
:2.50
73.15
:4.00
:5.00
16.30
+8.00
+io. oo
=12.50
+3.15
;4.00
=5.00
~6. 30
=8.00
+io. 00
Z12 .50
Z16. 00
320,.00
y-
In general Group 1 compounds are harder or more firn’,with
~/-
In general Group 2 compounds are softer, with Durometer A hardness
of less than 55, and include the more difficult to extrude
Special consideration should be given to extremely
compounds.
soft compounds and high tensile strength compounds.
281
,MIL-HDbK-149B
TABLE xLIv,. STAhDAAC I@NDREL~CUFEE TCLERAIJCFS - E,XTRUDE.DTUBING,
RUBBER tiNDPACTURERS ASSOCIATION (r.w ) (69)
:’
RMA Class 1
Drawing Designation MI
Precision
Group 1 Compounds
Group 2 compounds
Tolerances, Inch
Specified Dimensions
Dimensions, Inch
up to
Over 0.400 Over 0.630 Over 1.000 Over .1.600 Over 2.500 -
0.400,
0.630,
1.000,
1.600,
2.500,
4.000,
incl;
incl. ,
inil.
incl.
incl.
incl.
+0,
+0,
+0,
+0;
+0,
+0,
Dimensions, mm
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
up
10.00
16.00
25.00
40.00
63.00
to 10.00,
16.00,
25.00,
40.00,
-, 63.00,
- 100.00,
-0.016
-0.020
-O. O25
-0.032
-0.040
-0.050
+0,
+0,
+0,
+0,
+0,
+0,
-0.020
-0.025
-0.032
-0.040
-0.050
-O. 06?
Tolerances, mm
incl.
incl.
incl.
incl.
incl.
incl.
i
+0,
+0,’
+0,
+0,
+0, .
+0,
,-
..
zez
-0.40
-0.50
-0.63
-o.eo
-1.00
-1.25
+0,
+0,
+0,
+0,
+0,
+0,
-0.050
-0.63
-0. eo
-1.00
-1.25
‘1.60
MIL-HDBK-149B
TABLE XLV.
STANDAAD GROUND-SURFACE TCLERANCFS - ExTRUDED
TUBING , RUBBER MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION I?MA&/ (69)
AMA Class 1
Drawing
Inside
Diameter
Designation
G1
Precision
Inch
0..20and larger
.
Inch
0.20 and larger
mm
5.00 and larger
mm
5.00 and larger
RJIAclass 2
Drawing
Designation
G2
Commercial
Group 1 Compcund Tolerances, Inck#/
0.005
0.010
Group 2 Compound Tolerances, Inc#
0.010
0.G20
Group 1 Compound Tolerances, m</
0.12
0.25
Group 2 Compound Tolerances, mr>/
0.25
0.50
l/-
If it becomes necessary to hold the outside diav.eter of
extruded mandrel cured tubing to closer tolerances than
ncrmal manufacturing methods will permit, as shcwn in
Table xLIV, this can be accomplished by surface grinding
the part if the part has an inside diameter of 0.20 inch
(5.0 mm) or more. This surface grinding is done by
rotating the part on a mandrel against an abrasive, such
as an abrasive stone or abrasive paper, sometimes called
“lathe grinding”. The drawing should specify inside
diameter or outside diameter, wall thickness, and outside
finish, classified as rough, smooth, or fine.
2/-
In general Group 1 compcunds are harder or more fimn, with
3/-
In general Group 2 compounds are softer, with Durometer A
hardness of less than 55, and include the more difficult
to extrude compounds.
1.
10
283
MIL-HDBK-1496
.,,
.,
:.,
TAsLE xLVI . STANDARD DINENS1ONAL ‘IQLE~CES
- EXTRUDED PARTS MADE
FROM SILICONE , PCL”YACRYLATE, FLUCROELASTOMSR , AND OTSER
POST CURJZD RUSBER CONPODNDS , RUBBER MANUFACTURERS
ASSOCIATION (MA)
(69)
Dimensions
..
..
Inches
,,’
.
.
.
Over
Over
Over
Over
.,Over
Up to 0.100; incl
0.100 - 0.160, incl
0.160 - 0.250, incl
0.250 -.0.400, incl
0.400 - 0.630, ihcl
0.630 - “1.000,.incl
.1.000 and. over
Millimetres
.,
,-
RMA Class 1
BMA Class 2
Drawing
Drawing
Designation
Designation
SIL-A1
SIL$-A2
Precision
Commercial
Tolerances, Inch
+0. 008.
+0.010
:0.013
TO.012
:0.020
~0:016
~0 ,032
+0.025
;O. 050
;0.040
;O. 080
.=0.063
C,ons;lt
Cons;lt
Fabricator
Fabricator
Tolerances, nun
~o. zo
tip to 2.50; $“liCl
+0.30.
Over 2.50 - 4.00; incl
Over 4.00 - 6.30, incl
=0.40
~0.63
Over 6.30 - 10.00, incl
Over 10.00 - 16.00 ;.in61
:1.”00
Over 16.00 - 25.00, incl ~1.60
Consult
25.00 and ever
Fabricator
284
+0.25
~0.32
;0.50
70.80
+1.25
Tz. oo
Cons;lt
Fabricator
I
MIL-HDBK-149B
TABLE RLVII .
STANDARD THICKNESS TOLERANCES - MOLDED CELLULAR RUBBER - CPEN
CELL SPONGE , DIE CUT, SHEET OR STRIP; AND CLOSED CELL MOLDED
CELLULAF F.U6BER, RUBBER NAN OFACTUSERS ASSOCIATION (AMA)
(69)
I
FMA Class 1
Drawing
Designation
ATH 1
High Precision
Thickness
Inches.
RMA Class 2
RMA class 3
Drawing
Drawing
Designation
Designation
ATH 2
ATH 3
Precision
Commercial
Tolerances, Inch
RM?+Class 4
Drawing
Designation
ATH 4
Noncritical
I
I
I
o
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Up to
0.1250 0.2500 0.5000 1.0000 2.0000
0.1250,
0.2500,
0.5000,
1.0000,
2.0000,
incl
incl
incl
incl
incl
+0.016
:0.20
=0.025
TO. 315
70.040
T2 .5%
+0.0125
;0.016
+0.020
;O. 025
=0.0315
T2%
—
Millimeters
Gver
Gve r
Over
Cver
Cver
3.15, incl
up to
3.15 - 6.3o, incl
6.30 - 12.50, incl
12.50 - 25.00, incl
25.00 - 50.00, incl
50.00
+0.020
:0.025
;0.0315
;0.040
;0.050
73%
+0.025
:0.0315
TO.040
To. 050
TO.055
73. 5%
Tolerances, mm
+0.40
;0.50
TO.63
;0.80
=1. 00
T2 .5%
+0.32
:0.40
:0.50
_
~0 .63
+0. s0
;2%
285
+0.50
~0.63
:0.80
71.00
~1.25
;3 %
+0. 63
=0.80
Z1. oo
;1.25
T1. 50
73. ~%
MI’L-HDBK-149B
.i,,l
...
,.
TABLE SLVII1 .: STANDARD LsNGTH” ND wIDTH TOLERANCES - NOLDED CELLULAR
ROBBER - OPSN cN~ SPONGE, DIE CUT, SHEET OR STRIP; AND
CtiSED CE~, MOLDED CSLLtiR RUBBER, RUBBER NANUPACTUFXRS
A5SCZpTION
(MA)
(69)
.;..
.,
,,.
.,
,,
,,
Dirn&fisicn
SiIACLASS 3-Y.
Drawing
AMA ciass 2
Drawing
N-IA Class 3
Drawing
Designatiori
Designation
Designation
Precision
Commercial
Tolerances, Inch
High Precision
Inches
over
over
0.250, .incl
0(500, incl
1.000, ,incl
Over
1.000, -
2.000,
incl
=0.025
70.040
Over
Over
2.000
4.000, -
4.,000,
8.000,
incl
incl
Over
8.000
Over ~6.000
Over 32. ooO
Over, 64.000
Over 128.000
,
-
incl.
- 32.000, incl?l
- 64.000, ikcl
- 12E.00,0,.incl
.,
16.000,
“~0.01’6
+0.025
+0.010
70.016
up to
0.250 0.500 -
RMA Class s
Drawing
Designation
Noncritica~
to.025
+0.040
20.040
+0.063
70.040
30.063
TO. 063
TO. 080
~0.080
~o.loo
~O. CeO
30.080’
+0.100
;0.100
TO. 125
~O. 125
+0.160
:0.100
~0.125
+0.4%
<0:8%
:1.6%
~0,.125
+0.160
76.5%
:1. o%
~z,.00
~0.160
+0.200
=0.63%
~l. 25%
:0.200
ZO.240
:0. w
22. 0%
:3.00
~0. 063
‘
22. 5*
.,
Millimetres
,’
6.30,
up to
Over
6.30, :
12.50,
Over
25.00,
12.50 25.0 50.0,
Over
Over
50.0 - 100.0,
Over
100.0 - 20010,
Over 2CJQ.
LI .- 400.0,
Over 400.0 - 800.0,
Ov&
800~0 - 1600.0,
C&r, .1600.0 - 3200.0,,
O,Vei 3200
:
‘,
Tolerances, mm
incl
incl
incl
incl
incl
incl
incl
inc~/
incl
incl
+0.40
~0 .63
+1.00
~1.6
T2. fl
;2.5
73.2
;4.0
To. 5%
71. 0%
:2. 0%
+0. 25
~0.40,
~Q .63
71.0
=1.6
=2.0
T2.5
~3.~
70. 4%
TO. 8,%
=1. 6%.
‘.r’’’’~/class 1 i.olexa&eS” are na
+0.63
:1.00
+1.60
;2.0
72.5
X3.2
:4.0
+5.0
$0.63%
~1 .25%
22. s%
+1.00
~1.60
32.00
22.5
z3.2
+4.0
:5.0
T6.2
~0 .8%
~2 .0%
33.0%
recommended for softer grades of cellular
rubber, below ~9 psi ok 63 kPa compression-deflection.
~/- A~~~rate ~easurement 6f larger lengths is difficult &cauae
....
these
?ate,r.ialsstretch and compress easily. Whers c,lose tolerances are
.,required,On’ iong 1.4ngtha, a apecif ic technique of measurement should
bs agreed upon” by purchaser and manufacturer.
. ...,.
....
,..
286 ‘
●
MIL-HD6K-149B
10.
10.1
THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ELASTOk4SRS
Factors Influencin9 the Selection of an Elastomeric Compound
10.1.1 The selection of a particular rubber compound for a specific
application is complicated by the number of elastomers available and the many
Different compounds are ‘available to fill
ways that each can be compounded.
the broad range of chemical, mechanical, and electrical properties reguired.
Among the additives used are reinforcing ingredients to increase tensile
strength and resistance to abrasion, fillers to decrease cost, and
Other common add itivea ars
antiozonants to inhibit ozone deterioration.
antioxidant, plasticizers, and curing agents.
10.1.2 The physical properties of elastomers ara markedly dependent .on
temperature, and each elastomer has a definite useful temperature range.
Progressively lower temperatures promote changes in performance from
leather like, to Lmardlike, and then to a brittle material condition. At
higher temperatures, rubber loses its elasticity and becomes plaatic; tensile
strength decreases and ultimate elongation decreases. Over lcng periods of
ttie, if the temperature is high enough, thermal decomposition may, take
place. Most types of rubber, while having comparatively high strength at
ordinary temperatures, lose a considerable portion of ‘it at elevated
temperatures.
10.1.3 Chemical attack may seriously compromise or destroy “the physical
properties of the elastomer. The resistance to chemicals, oxidation by air or
ozone, weathering, aging, all vary widely amcng rubbers. Some chemicals,
especially oils and solvents, do not attack rubber chemically but arm absorbad
so that the rubber becomes swollen and wsak.
10.1.4 Physical properties of the most conunon elastomers are provided in
the applicable data sheets in Appendix C.
10.2
Rsclaimed Rubbsr
~ 10.2.1 Reclaimed rubber nay be derived frotn any of the man~a<e
from natural rubber.
rubbers or
10.2.2 In the reclaiming process, the treatment of scrap vulcanized rubber
with heat and chemical agents regenerates the rubber to a plastic atate. This
occurs because a break in the cross linked rubber molecule is devs loped as the
A shorter chain structura ‘is produced with additiona 1
scrap is depolymerized.
double bends that are readily available for further sulfur ‘crosalinkage as-the
reclaim is used.
10.2.3 The chief rea~n for using reclaimed rubber is the sconomy ‘of
processing realized from faster mixing using less power, faster extrusion, and
faster calendering.
Shrinkage in the uncured state, as wall as during cure,
Curing time is reduced. The raw material (scrap) is low in
is decreased.
cost . The addition of reclaimed stock makes compounds easier to handle during
processing.
10.2.4 Vulcanizates made from rsclaimed zubber have neither the strength
nor the abrasion resistance of new rubber. Nevertheless, the reduced cost of
267
.
MIL-HDBK-149B
makes
it attractive
for applications
where
the
the raw material
or as an i?xpen”siveextender for new rubber.
less der.andirig’
requirements
are
10.3
Cellular
Rubber
10.3.1 Unlike rubber in its conventional hstate, cellular rubber has the
characteristic of volume””c”ompressitiility
.-’This is due to a large number of
more-or-less” unif o~ly distributed air or “gas pockets. The natural skin of
cellular rubber is smooth in conf onnance with the surfaces of mold in:contact
with the rubker during vulcanization.
Cellular rubbe i compounds are
manufactured in sheet, strip; or special shapes. Man-made rubber cumpounds
are available for application where oil resistance is required. Cellular
rubber. has’ considerably softer load’-deflection cha racteri sties than does
conventional rubber”. Problems in controlling the amount, of voids creqtes wide
variation in stiffness,’ so “that”the rational utilization of this material in
engineering applications is.difficult,.
I
10.3.2 The’ cells ‘bf foain rubber are produced by blowing or whipping air
through the liquid latex prior to vulcanization, resulting in an open-celled
structure.,
10.3.3 In sponge or ‘cellular fi”bber, gasifying substances, such as sodium
bicarbonate, a R incorporated ,:nto the rubber mixture, which is then placed in
a mold of a s’ize larger than ‘“thefibber to ke vulcanized. As these substances
become gases, the vulcanized shape fills the cavity producing the porous
structure with open, interconnected or closed cells.
10.3.4 Expanded rubbers have a closed-celled structure which is produced by
subjecting the compound to a high pressure gas such as nitrogen or chlorofluorocarbons, which causes a portion of “the gas to dissolve in the rubber.
When the gas pressure is lowered, the volume expands forming a closed-cell
cellular structure.
10.3.5 Cellular rubber is manuf act”red in a number of grades refletting
polymer types and load-deflection characteristics.
The American Society for
‘Testing
and Materials
has established
several
standards on cellular rubbers
manufactured from natural “rubber, man-made rubbers, and some plastic materials
that exhibit rubber-like properties in cellular form.
10.3 .5.1 Latex foam robber is described in ASTM Standard D1055, which
defines eleven grades of cored product, ranging in load/deflection for 25
percent deflection from 5 to 9’0lbf per 50 in. 2 (O.7 to 12.5 kPa per
325 cm2 ), and six “ncored grades from 11 to 150 lbf per 50 in. 2 (1.5 to
20.8 kPa per 325 cm2) . While originally established for natural rubber
foam, several man-made polymers are produced to these same load/deflection
criteria.
10.3 .5.2
Sponge and expanded rubber are described in ASTM Standard D1056,
which defines six grades of open-cell sponge, ranging in compression/
deflection for 25 percent deflection from 0.5 to 24 psi (3.5 to 168 kPa) , in
three types’ of rubber polymers, nonoil resistant, low-swell oil rssistant, and
medium-swell oil resistant. Five grades of expanded, closed-cell general
purpose rubber ars defined in compress/deflection grades frem 2 to 24 psi (14
to 168 kPa ) compression/cleflection for 25 percent deflection.
.,
2S8
MIL-HDBK-149B
10.3 .5.3
Flexible cellular urethane foam is ciescribsd in ASTM Standard
..
D3490 covering five grades ranging from 20 to 90 lbf (89 to 400 N) to produce
25 percent deflection using a 50 in. 2 (325 cm2) pressure foot.
10.3.5.4 Flsxible cellular materials made frcm vinyl chloride polymers and
c~OIYWfs
are described in ASTM Standard D1565 for open-cell foam, and in
ASTM Standq rd D1667 for closed-cell sponge. While generally regarded as a
“flexible plastic, ” polyvinyl chloride cellular products exhibit similar
bahavior to rubber foam and sponge materials, and are meritioned here for this
reason only.
10.3.6 Representative load deflection curves indicating the stress-st rain
behavior of two cellular elastomers, polyester urethane, AU, foam, and rubber
foam, are shown in Figure 140. Shown are two sequential loading curves and
the first unloading curve which is indicat ivs of the hysteresis effect. The
knee of the polyurethane foam curves is typical for that material and suggests
a change in cell structure at that point, about 6 to 10 percent deflection.
10.3.7 Some properties of elastomeric foeuns are given in Table xLIx. Since
foams are compressible in contrast to unexpanded elastomers, the bonding Of
rigid plates does not effect their apparent modulus as described in 5.6.
10.3.8 Tolerances for.thickness, width, and ‘length of molded cellular
rubber are shown in Tables XLVII and XLVIII.
289
NIL-HDBK-149E
LOAO, kPa
24.68
I
I
LOAD, kPa
24,68
1
1.
(,
II
iII
1.
II.
111.
-LEGSNDFIRST LOADING CURVE
SECOND LOADING CURVS
FIRsT UNLOAOING CURVE
1“
0.4
0.8
1.2
LOAO , PSI
POLYESTER
URETHANE
0.4
0.8 1.2
LOAD, PSI
NATURAL
RUBBER
.,
FIGURE 140.
●
STRSSS-STAAIN BERAVIOR OF’FOAM OF
POLYESTER 0?4ETl&NE AND NATURAL RUBBER (43)
290
,:.;
●
XIL-HDBK-149B
B
0
al
.&
—
.: ,
MIL-HDBK-149B
10.4
Molding of Foam Rubber Components
10.4.1 Molds used for foam rubber are of much lighter construction than
those used for solid rubber,parts,, since the internal pressure is kept low.
rinymaterial which’ can “stand the curirig temperature, ‘except cOpPer Or brass
which would cause discoloration, can be used in foam rubber mold
construction.
Foaming is caused either chemically, through rslease of a gas
from the composition, or mechanically, blowing air into the rubber. For
Foam
vulcanization, the mold is generally placed in an open steam autoclava.
tibber is also available in extruded ‘sections.
.>”
10.4.2 Cellular rubber products have found ~“tensive application as a
Primary applications
cushioning for both personnel and mechanical components.
are in seat cushions, back rests, molded door seals, and in the packaging uf
components for shipment; and d,amping pads for unloading sensitive materials.
Because of their axcellent insulating properties, they also provide thermal
protection.
BY PrOfi”ling the shape to provide cavities into which the
displaced rubber can deform much softer stress-strain bshavior can be achieved
than that predicted by the basic character$..sticsOf the material.
10.5
R’oomTemp erature Vulcanizing Compounds
(RTV )
.,
10.5.1
- Occasionally, an elastomeric component is made for experimental
purposes, for prototypes, or short production rims’. For such purposes, RTV
compounds which cure at “ordinary roum temperature ara well suited because
vulcanizing equipment is not required and molds ‘can be made economically from
easily worked wood or aluminum. The materials must h mixed with a curing
agent before they will set. Two materials developed for such purposes are the
RTW silicones and the RTV polyurethane e. The se materials do not develop the
full mechanical properties off @red ky the conventionally vulcanized rubbers.
,.
10.5.2 RTV polyurethane
ha’ve a temperature rarige fmm -400 to 3000F
(-400 to 1500c); are resistant to dilute acids, most solvents, oils,
aromatic fuels’; and ‘are impervious to sunlight and salt water. Resistance to
ok”idation ‘is hfgli. Folytireth:n,eF+TVcan be molded to another piece of tbe
same material without special equipment, forming a smooth joint with tensile
strength e~al to that of the material itself.
10.5.3 KIW silicones have a temperature range of -650 to 4000F (.s50
to 200°C) and up to 6000F (315°C ) for short time (40-hr. ) =posure.
For
Storage
electrical applications, the propetiies in Table L are pertinent.
life of uncured material is 3 months maximum at 800F. (270c) , 6 months at
400F (40c) . STV silicones experience less than 0.2 percent shrinkage in
molding and have good. solvent and ozone resistance at elevated tsmperaturas.
Hardness is 50 + 15 Durometer A. Specific gravity is 1.5 to 2. They can be
bonded to alumi=um and stainless stee 1.
10.5.4” FXV compounds lend themselves rsadily to sealing ketween irregular
surfaces aft er assembly, the”potting of electrical components, and molds for
plastic Conlpone”ts (an-exist i~g plait ic part ca’n...bs
utilized as a master) .
Gaskets in some difficult-to-seal applications have successful lY been’ replaced
with RTv “fonned-in-place” gaskets. ‘. :,
292
o
MIL-HDBK-149B
TABLE L .
PROPERTIES OF RTV SILICONES PERTINENT
TO ELECTRICAL APPLICATIONS
Color
offWhite
PrOpe rty
Red
Red
230
270
325
Elongation, %
250
380
400
-1oo
-1oo
-1oo
460
550
500
2.6o
2.5o
3.02
2.91
2.B4
2.86
0.01
0.003
0.01
0.0042
0.009
0.004
Brittle Point, OF
Dielectric Strength, V/nil
Dielectric Constant, 100 Hz
1,000,000
Hz
Dissipation Factor, 100 Hz
1,000,000 Hz
TABLE L-SI .
PROPERTIES OF RTV SILICONES PERTINENT
TO ELECTRICAL APPLICATIONS
color
.,.
offWhite
Property
Rsd
1.86
Rsd
2.24
Tensile Strength, MPa
1.58
Elongation, %
250
380
400
Brittle Point, OC
-75
-75
-75
18,110
21,650
19,685
Dielectric Constant, 100 Hz
1,000,000 Hz
2.6o
2.50
3.02
2.91
2.84
2.86
Dissipation Factor, 100 Hz
1,000,000 Hz
0.01
0.003
0.01
0.0042
0.009
0.004
Dielectric Strength, V/mm
293
MIL-SDBK-149B
10.6
Cost
10.6.1 Most interesting to engineers, always forced to face the hard facts
Fublished cost per pound (kg) of a polyaner
of economics, is. the cost picture.
or e rub~r .cumpound can, be misleading due to the:wide veriance in specific
gravity of the metexials and the wide diversity of shape, form, and complexity
of pat is. ‘The cost comparisons shown in Tables LI and LI-SI ‘are for rough
evaluation of cost only, as production factors cari vazy the final costs
consicierably. These tables have bsen organized to compare basic costs per
mass-volume, the product of cost per” unit mass for ‘equal volume. A
pound-volume (kg-volume) represents the volume ticupied by one pound (kg) of a
rubber polymer adjusted to a specific gravity of 1.0, giving a cost comparison
on an equal ‘wlume basis.
10. $.2
In kot.b tables, the costs are approximate, based on Spring 1979
values. For mors. exact costs each suppliex’ of these products should be
consulted.
For comparative purposes, a comparable high-quality-level rubber
c-tind
cOst is shown in the fourth cqlymn; again, consult the supplier. The
silicone tibber values represerit the coat of a tfiical compound supplied by
the manufacturer, rather than the cost of tbe polymer.
.294
●
MIL-HDFJC-149B
TABLE LI .
RUBDER
I
AcrylonitrileButaaiene
I
PGLYMER
Cost/lb
NBR
AcxylOnitrileButadieneVinyl Blend
I
COSTS
POLWSR
SPECIFIC
GPAVITY
PoLYMER
Cost/lb-vol
TYPICAL
CG14PQOND
Cost/lb-vol
$
$
0.72
0.61
# 0.73
0.98
0.73
1.06
0.77
0.67
Bromobutyl
BZIR
0.63
0.93
0.59
0.52
Butyl
IIR
0.54
0.92
0.50
0.44
Butyl-High Temp
IIR
0.54
0.92
0.50
0.50
Ca rbnxylic
Elastaner
XliBR
0.79
1.00
0.79
0.65
Chlorobutyl
CI IR
0.58
0.92
0.53
0.49
Ch loropre ne
CR
0.81
1.23
1.00
0.78
Chlor.msulfonated
Polyethylene
CSPI
1.05
1.10
1.16
1.01
Rpichlorohydrin
Copnlymex
co
1.64
1.27
2.08
1.92
Epichloromdrin
Homopolymer
ECO
1.67
1.36
2.27
2.00
EthylenePropylene
Copolymer
EPM
0.60
0.s6
0.52
0.42
EthylenePrOpyleneDiene Plod.
EPDM
0.65
0.s5
0.55
0.40
Fluorceark=m
FW
12.00
1.82
21.84
17.50
Fluorosilicone
FVMQ
25.00
1.42
35.50
35.50
VMfj
2.50
1.20
3.00
3.00
I
I
I
●
~
~
1
Methyl
Vinyl
Silicone
295
MIL-HDBK-149B
....
;
,,.
TABLE LI .
.. .
,.,
. ..
.. .
.
POLYMER
‘5PECIFIC
:GRAVITY ;
..!.
‘POLYMER
‘,. Cost/lb
.,’,
RUEEZR
!.
.,..
..
Methyl Viny 1
Silicone
Hi-Tensile
COSTS (Continued )
POLYMER
:Co6t/lb-vol
TYPICAL
COMPOUND
Cost /lh-vol
$
,
V&
$5.00”
NR
Natural
0.69
‘“
1.20
$“ 6.00
6
0L92
0.63
2.0 - 2.2
sold aS
parts only
1.85
(Compound
70-H)
sold as
compound
only
6.00
0.51
,,
Perf lurO Elastomez
FFKN ,
Pho sphonitri lic
Fluoroelastomer
FZ
Polyacrylate
ACM
1.57 -“
2.25
1’;
09
Polyisoprene
XR
0.66
Polyurethane
AU,EU
Propylene Oxide
45.00
‘“
20 tc 50
times FKN
83.25
1.71 2.45
1.00 1.50
0.91
0.60
0.51
1.75
1.06
1.86
2.00
GPO }
1.47
1.01
1.48
1.06
SBR
0.45
0.93
0.42
0.34
,.
St yre ne
Butadiene”
.,
,.
296
●
MIL-HDBK-149B
TABLE LI-SI .
●
POLYMSR
Cost/kg
RUBBER
I
AcrylonitrileButadiene
NBR
AczylonitrileButadieneViny 1 Blend
$1.61
CCSTS
PoLYMXR
SPRCIFIC
GRAVITY
0.98
POLYiiER
cOst/kg-vOl
$
1.5s
TYPIcAL
COMFOUND
cOst/kg-vOl
$
1.34
1.61
1.06
1.70
1.48
I
Brcrr,obuty
1
BIIR
1.39
0.93
1.30
1.15
Butyl
IIR
1.19
0.92
1.10
0.97
Buty l-High Temp
IIR
1.19
0.92
1.10
1.10
CarbOxilic
Elastomer
KNBR
1.74
1.00
1.74
1.43
Chlorobutyl
CIIR
1.28
0.92
1.17
1.08
Chloroprene
CR
1.78
1.23
2.20
1.72
Chlorosulf onated
Polyethylene
CBM
2.31
1.10
2.56
2.22
Epichlorohydrin
Copolymer
cc
3.61
1.27
4.58
4.23 “
Epichlorohydrin
Homopolymer
Eco
3.6E
1.36
5.00
4.40
EthylenePropylene
EPM
1.32
0.86
1.16
0.93
EthylenePrOpyleneDiene Mod.
EPDM
1.43
0.85
1.21
0.88
Fluorocarbon
FKM
26.43
1.82
48.10
38.55
Fl”orosilicone
FVMQ
55.07
1.42
78.19
78.19
Methyl Vinyl
Silicone
v14Q
5.51
1.20
6.60
6,60
I
I
●
I
I
2s7
MIL-HEBK-149B
TABLE LI-SI .
POLYMER
Cost/lb
RUBBER
vinY+.
Silicone
Iii-Tensile
COSTS (Cent inued )
POLYMER
, SPECIiIC
GRAVITY
TYPIm
COMFOUND
Cost /lb-vol
,, :>.
Nethyl
~~ ‘.VW
.
Natural
liR
Per flurOElastmner
FF3@l
$11.01
1.20
$13.22
$13.22
1.52
0.92
1.38
1.12
2.0 - 2.2
sold as
parts only
20 to 50
times FKJ4
1.85
(Compound
70,H)
sold as
compound
only
,.
Phosphonitrilic
Fluoroe lastomer
FZ
Polyacxylate.
ACM
3.46 4.96
Polyisoprene
IR
1.45
Polyurethane
Au, Eu
Propy le,neOxide
Styrene
Ei?tadiene
Custodians:
POLYMER
Cost/l b-vol
.99.12.
183.37
3.77 5.40
2.20 3.30
0.91
1.32
1.12
3.85
1.06
4.10
4.40
GPO
3.24
1.01
3.26
2.33
SBR
0.99
0.93
0.92
0.75
,. ‘, .,, ‘..
.
A~y - MR
Navy - SH
Air Force - 99
Review activities:
Army - AR, MB, AT
,’
..
; 1.09
..
Preparing activity:
Army - MA
Project No. 9320-0234
●
MIL-HD6K-149B
4
APPSNDIX A
AcKNONLEDGNENTS
This appendix includes cited literature references, coded from figure, table,
and text citations by “(1)1’. Some figures and tables” have not been changed
from the previous issue of this handbmk; others have been redrawn, modified
by addition of S1 (metric) units of measure or addition of new technical data,
rearranged in order, or corrected, as necessary. Each figure or table is so
coded in the listing below.
1
Air cuality and Meteorology , Vol. XXIV, South Coast Air
2uality District, El Monte, California 91731
7.8.1
2
(Modified, S1 added)
(Fig. 1, modified)
19
P.
43
P-
36
P.
P.
1
3
ASTM Standard D141S-79a, ASTM Annual Book of Standards,
Pam 37. (Reprinted and adapted with permission from the
American Sc.siety for Testing and Materials)
Paragraph X.3
Paragraph 1.4.4
6
P.
ASTM Standard D1415-68( 1974) , Fig. 1., ASTM Annual Bcok
of Standards, Part 37. (Reprinted and adapted with pennisaion
from the American Society for Testing and Materials)
Fig. 10
5
(S1 added)
ASTM Bulletin, December 1952. (Reprinted by special
permission from the American Society for Testing and
Materials)
Fig. 14
4
p. 214
Anthony, R. L. , Caston, R. H. , and Guth, E. , Journ. Phys.
Cbem. , 46, pp. S26-840, 1942.
(lieprinted by special
permiss~n
from the American Chemical Society)
Fig. 3
3
(Data extracted frem)
(Extracted from )
(Extracted fmm)
ASTM Standard D2000-80, ASTM Amual Book of Standards,
Parts 37 and 38. (Reprinted and adapted with pennissiori from
the American Society for Testing and Materials)
Table LIII
p.
(Extacted from)
A-1
B18
wrL-HoBK-149B
7
ASTM Standard .D2231-71(1977 ),.ASTM ‘Annua\ ~Ok Of
Standards, Part 37. (Raprinted and adapted ‘with permission
from the American Society ,for Testing ‘and Materials)
tiig. 6
Fig. 39
(Copied.from Fig.” 1)
(Redrawn and modified frum Fig. 4)
P.
P.
30
91
P.
60
,.
8
Barbarin, Robert; Xaeping SealB.
““’ Right, Nachine Design?
Au~st
26, 1976.
;
Fig. 26
s
Batiholomsw, E.. R., Elastomers for High ,Tsmperatuxe.
Applicatio”s~ NATO Report No. 17EI, 1958.
(AD-206-O’68)
Fig. 82
10
,
(Redrawn, S1 added)
(Rsdrawn, S1 added)
p. 161
.
Beatt’y, T. R. and Juve, A. E. , Stress” Relaxation in
Compression of Rubber and Synthetic Rubber Vulcani zates
Immersed in Oil, India Rubber World,. VO1. 127, No. 3,
December 1952 (now Rubber World) ., (Reprinted by special
permission of Bill Brothers Publ. Co~. )
Fig. 23
(Modified)
..’
P.
55
.,.
11
Beck, G. W. , Special Charts .Aid Design and Fabrication of
Sxtruded Rubber Prbducts, Gen. Motors ~n9. Journal, 6,
No. 1, January, Februa~, March 1959.
(Reprinted by
special pe~ission
of General Mot”ors COXP. )
Fig. 136
Fig. 137
(Redrawn, S1 added)
(Redrawn, S1 added)
.,
p. 267
p. 268
,,
12
,.
\,
Bekkedahl, NoY’Man, Research Paper RP717, J. Research,
Natl~ Bur. Stds., ~,
. .
Fig. 83
.,,
Fig. 2, p.’ 416, Sept. 1934.
(Fig. Z; Modified; also reprinted
in Rubbsr Chem Tech. ~, ~ (1935) )
p. 165
.,, .
13
Bergstrom, E. ‘.
W .’,High Temperature Properties of Elastomer
Vulcanizates.
Rock Island Arsenal Report No. “60-188.
Table XIX
Table” XX
Table XXI
Table XXII
-. . .. . . .... .
. ...=
..
(Modified, 51 added)
(Replotted, S1 added) !
(*plotted,
S1 added)
A-2
.
,
p.
p.
p.
p.
157
158
159
160
MIL-HDBR- 149B
14
Fig. 13
15
16
111
112
113
114
115
117
118
119
(Modified,
(Mcdified,
(Modified,
(Modified,
(Modified,
(Modified,
p. 168
S1
S1
S1
S1
S1
S1
added)
added)
added)
added)
added)
added)
p.
p.
p.
p.
p.
p.
P.
p.
22s
229
230
231
232
234
235
235
p. 202
p. 205
(Replott ed )
(Replotted )
Conant, Floyd S. , Private Communication
Table VI
Table XIII
Fig. 35
Fig. 36
Fig. 40
19
4Z
Cerny, John R. , Low Moisture Permeable Rubber, Weapons
Laboratory Report No. SWERR-72-59, Rock Island Arsenal,
1972.
Table XXXI
Table XXXIV
18
P.
Burton, W. E. , Engineering with Rubber, McGraw-iiil1, 1949.
(Reprinted by special permission of copyright owner,
B. G. Goodrich Company. )
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
17
(Redrawn from Fig. 5.10)
Braun, D. B. , Sil. Div. , Union Carbide Corp., Low
Temperature Rheology of Silicone Elastomers. mtis
paper
presented before the Division of Rubber Chemist~ at the
Buff alo Meeting, May 4-6, 1960. )
Fig. 87
I
I
Buist, J. M. , Physical Testing of Rubber, Chap. 9 in
The Applied science Of ~bber, edited bY,W. J . S. Na”ton,
published by Edward Arnold .(
Fuklishers) Ltd 1961.
P.
P.
P.
P.
P.
41
82
86
56
91
P.
59
Conant, Floyd S. and Hall, George L., Rubber and Elastomers,
Chapter 32, Fig. 32.1, p. 32-10, in Engineering Materials
Han~ook, Charles Mantrell, ed. , 1958. McGraw-Hill Book Co. ,
New York, NY.
(Used with pezmiasion of the McGraw-Hill Book
Company)
Fig . 25 (Redrawn, S1 added)
A-3
,...
MIL-HDBK-149B
20
21
Conant, F. S. , Hall, G. L., and Thurman, G. R., Relationship
Between Gowgh-Joule Coef fic ients ind Modili Of V~lc~ized
Rubbers, J. Appl. Phys. , ~, Table II, p. 526, 1949.
-!
Table XI (Adapted from)
137
150
p.
149
P.
55
P.
P.
74
75
P.
52
Denny, D. F. , Recent Research on Hydraulic Seals;
Scientific Lubrication, Septsmbsr 1958.
Fig. 30 (S1 added)
Fig. 32 (S1 added)
26
p.
p.
Curro, ‘J. G. and Salazar, E. A. Physical and Chemical
Stre SS Re lsxation of Elastomers, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. ~,
p. 2571, Fig. 2, 1975. ,.
Fig. 22 (Redrawn)
25
P- 136
Creole, C. E. , Vibration and Shock Isolation, Machine Dssign,
Auqust 1954.
Fig. 79 (Redrawn, S1 added)
24
p. 220
p. 221
p. 222
Creole, C. E. , Vibration and Shock Isolation, 1951,
JohA Wiley & Sone, Inc. (Reprinted by spscial permission)
Fig. 75 (S1 added)
Fig. 76 (Rsdrawn, S1 added)
Fig. 80
23
72
Collins, C. G. and Calkins, V. P. , Radiation Damage to
Elastomers, Plastics, and Organic Fluids, G. E. Report
Apex 261, O.T. S. , U.S: Dept. Corm., September 1956.
Figs. 19, 20, and 22.
Fig. 107 (Fig. 19 modified)
Fig. 10S (Redrawn from Fig. 20)
Fig. 109 (Fig. 22 modified)
22
P.
Derham, C. J., J. Mat. SCi. , ~, p. 10Z3, .lgT3b,
chapman & Hal 1, Ltd; London.
(Reprinted by F~akley,
P. K. and Payne, A. R. , Theory end Practice of
Engineering with Rubber, 1978, Fig. 2.9, Applied
Science Publishers, Ltd. , London. )
Fig. 21
f
(Redrawn and modified)
,. A-4
NIL-HDBK-149B
27
I
Derham, C. J. and Thomas, A. G., Creep of Rubber Under
RePeated stressing, Rubber Chem. and Tkchnol. ~, Fig. s,
p. 397, 1977.
(Reprinted by permission fran Rubber Chem
Technol, Journal of the Rubber Division, Am. Chem. Society. )
Fig. 20
!
2e
29
I
106
44
59
60
61
62
.
p. ’173
p. 173
p. 216
(S1
(S1
(S1
(S1
(S1
added)
added)
added)
added)
added)
P. 9B
p.”lls
P. 116
p. 117
p. 118
Engineering Guide to the duPont Elastcdners, Brochure
D-26276, p. 2, E. I. duPont de Nenmurs & CO. , (Inc.).
Fig. 11
32
(Fig. 2, p. 5, Redrawn)
(Fig. 5, p. 5, Redrawn)
Dupont Development Report No. 17, April 1960. (Reprinted
by wecial Permission from E. 1. DuPont de Nemours and Co. ,
Inc. )
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
31
51
Dunkel and Phelan, Accelerated Ozone Aging, Rubber Age,
May 1956.
Fig.
30
P.
Designing with Elastomers for Use at Low Tsmpera’tures,
AIR 1387, Narch 1976, Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.
Fig. 90
Fig. 91
I
(Redrawn)
(Redrawn and modified)
P.
36
Faoro, Richard A. , Test Method for Estimating the Hydrolytic
Stability of Elastomeric Vulcanizates, General Thnmas J. Rodman
Laberato~,
Technical Report R-TR-74- 014, March 1974. (Data
sxtracted f rnm )
Table XHX
(Replotted )
p. 197
,.
33
Freakley, P. K. and Payne, A. R. , Theory and Practice
of Engineering with Rubber, 1978. Applied Science
P&lishers, Ltd. , Lnndon.
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Table xIv
Fig. 37
Fig. 3e
(Pedrawn fran Fia. 5.4, p. 174)
(Redrawn from Fig. 5.5, p. 175)
(Modified frem,Table 3.2, p. 73)
A-5
I
,
P.
P.
P.
P.
P.
45
46
85
S9
go
MIL-HDBK-149B
34
Gas permeabi’lity Properties of Elastomer s,”WADC Rsport
TR 56-331, Part II, Section VI.
,
,.
Table XXX
Fig. 102
35
(Redrawn, S1 added)
F~g. 31
(Redrawn)
Handbook of Nolded and Extruded Rubber, GoOdyear Tim
Rubber Company.
33
P.
75
and
1st Edition, 1949
Fig. 131 (S1 added)
2nd Edition, 1959
Fig. 43
(S1 added)
Fig. 46
Fig. 47
Fig. 48
Fig. 49
(SI added)
Fig. 53
(S1 added)
Fig. 54
(S1 added)
Fig. 55
(S1 added)
Fig. 56
(S1 added )
Fig. .57 (S1 added )
Fig. 58
(S1 added)
Fig. 70
(Eedrawn, SI added)
Fig. 70
Fig. 133
3rd Edition, 1969
Fig. 5
(Redrawn)
38
P.
Grosch, K. A. , The Relation Between the Friction and
Viscoelastic Properties of Rubber, Proceedings of the Royal
SOCietY, ~,
p. 21, Fig. 5, 1963.
,.
37
p. 199
p. 200
Gui, K. E. , Wilkinson, C. S., Jr. , agd Gehman, S. D.,
Rsprinted and adapted with permission from In. Eng. C Chem. ,
M, Fig. 23, p. 720, Copyright 1952 American Chemical
Society, 1155 - 16th St. , N.W. , Washington, D.C. 20036.
Fig. 9
36
(Replotted, new data added)
(Redrawn, new data added )
P. 253
P.
P.
p.
Pp.
p.
P.
p.
Pp.
97
99
Pp.
p.
p.
100
101
102
109
110
111
112
113
114
128
142
257
P-
28
PP.
67
67
Hsnds, D. and Horsfall< F. , The Thexmal Diffusivity and
Conductivity of Natural Rubber COmpOUri~dS. Rubber Chem.
and Technol. , ~, 1977. (Reprinted by~permission from
Rubber Chem Technol, Journal of the Rubber Division,
Am. Chem. Society)
1.
Fig. 28 (Redrawn from Fig. 2, p. 253)
Fig. 29 (Redrawn from Fig. 3, P. .,253)
A-6’~”’
‘
,i
MIL-HDBK-149B
39
I
Barrington, Robert, Elastomers for Use in Radiation Fields,
pati Iv, Effects of Gamma Radiation on Miscellaneous
Elastomers and Rubberlike Plastics Materials, Rubber Age,
June 1958, pp. 472-480.
Fig. 11O (Modified, (BI added)
40
!
p. 223
Fig. 27 (Rsdrawn)
41
P.
Hiltner, Luther G. , Private Communication
from several specifications ).
(. p. 246
P. 247
Hiltner, Luther G. and Miller, K. R. , Resilient 8eal
Compounds for Gil Industxy Ap placations, presented at
American Society, of Mechanical Engineers, Petroleum
Division Meeting, Dallas, TX, September 1974.
p. 180
Fig. 95 (Redrawn)
43
Hopkins, R. P. , Polyester-Urethane
Vol. 78, No. 2, November 1955.
Foams, R“bbar Age,
p. 290
Fig. 140 (S1 added)
44
Interlaboratozy Programs for Rubber: Analysis No. 36,
National Bureau of Standards, U.S. Dept. of Comnerce.
4.7.5 (Data extracted frem)
45
61’
(Data extracted
Table XXXIX
Fig. 127
42
.,
Hiltner, Luther G. , Predicting C-ring Life With Long-Duration
Compression-Temperature Tests, Hydraulics & Pneumatics,
Cctober 1978, p. 22. (Copyright Hydraulics & Pneumatics,
‘,
Penton/IPC, Cleveland, Ohio 1978)
P.
34
Iredell, R. , Elastic Rubber Cushion Springs for Torque
Load Applications, Prod. Eng. ~, March 1952.
Fig. 121
Fig. 122 (Redrawn, S1 added)
Fig. 123
,.
p. 237
P. 238
p. 239
A-7
MIL-HD13K-149E
46
Jorn, Gununigefederte Rader Furschienenfaarzuege,
Zeitschrift, 9S, August 1, 1957.
V. D. I.
Fig. 124 (S1.added)
47
p. 240
Keen, W. Newlin, Creep of Neoprene .in Shear under Static
Conditions:
Ten Years, Trans. of the ASMZ, July 1953.
Published by The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Fig. 19 (Modified)
48
Krotz, A. S. , Mechanical Characteristics
Machine Design, November 24, 1960.
Mchine Design, January 1960, p. 144.
special permission)
P.
63
p. 244
Mason, ~. K. , Product and Mold Design Towards Lower Ultimate
Cost, India Rubber World, November 1953.
(now Rubber world )
Fig. 134
52
50
Machine Design, VO1. 32, November 24,’ 1960. (Reprinted
by special permission from Penton Publishing Company)
Fig. 125
51
P.
(Reprinted by
Table VII (Nodified)
50
51
of Elastomers,
Fig. 18
49
P.
p. 258
Materials and Methods, November 1953.
special permission)
(Reprinted by
Table XXIV (Replotted, S1 added)
Table XXV
p. 172
p. 172
,.
53
Materials and Methods, June 1957:
permission)
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
81
104
105
120
(F.eprinted by special
(S1 added )
(Modified, S1 added).
(Modified, S1 ad:d:d)
(S1 added)
‘ ,’
A-8
p.
p.
p.
p.
154
212
213
236
I
MIL-HDBK-149B
54
McPherson,
A. T. and Klemin, Alexander, Engineering Uses
Of Rubber. Copyright (c) 1956 by Van Nostrand Reinhold
company.
(Reprinted by permission of the publisher. )
Table V
Fig. 17
Fig. 71
Fig. 103
55
(EXpanded)
(SI added)”
(s1 added)
Mechanical Characteristics and Applacations of Rubber,
Septeirber 195S. (Reprinted by special permission from
B. F. Goodrich Industrial Products Company. )
Fig. 51
56
Fig . 65
I
p. 106
Niller, Mary L., The Structure of Polymers, Chapt. 6,
Stiffness of Molecules, Reinhold Publishing Corporation,
New York, NY, 1966. (Stamford, CT 06904) (Reprinted and
modified by permission of the publisher. )
Fig. S4
57
(Fiq. 6.17. Modified [from Furukawa, G. T.
and McCoskey, R. E. , J. Research, Natl.
Bur. Stds. , 51, 321 (1953); ~,
127 (1955)1)
P. 166
(Fig. 6.19, Modified [adapted from Wurstlin, F.
527 (1957)] )
and Klein H. , Kunststoffe, ~,
p. 166
Mowera, R. E., How the New Propellants Affect Plastics and
Elastomers, Materials in Design Engineering, Sept. 1959, .,
pp. 89-91.
$
Fig. 96
Fig. 97
Fig. 9S
Fig. 99
Fig 100
Table XXVII
58
(S1 added)
(S1 added )
(S1 added)
(Raplotted, EPDM added]
p.
P.
P.
p.
p.
p.
181
181
le2
183
184
194
P.
P.
P.
31
32
39
Painter, G. W. , Oynrunic Characteristics of Silicone
Rubber, Trans. ASME, pp 1131-1135, October 1954.
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig 12
(S1 added)
(S1 added)
A-9
1-
P. 37
P,. 49
p. 131
p. 211
MIL-HDBK-149B
59
Perf luoroelastomer, Private Communication,
de Nemours & Co. (Inc,.)
E. 1. duPont
,., ..
Table XXVI
Table XXVIII
60
(Data extracted from )
(Data extracted frc.m)
FNF
SLABTONSR , b Firestone, Firestone Tire and
Rubber Co. , Akron, Ohio.
Table XXVI
Table XXVIII
Data Sheet No. 18
61
P.
C48
(S1 added)
P.
5e
Reising, E. F. , Resilient Mountings for Passenger Car
Power Plants, SAE Quart. Trans., January 1950.
p. 241
p. 241
Reising, E. F. , Engineering Design with Natural and
Synthetic Rubber, Prqd. Eng., ~, Novamber lg50 .’
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
41
42
45
67
(Modified)
P. 95
P. 96
P. 99
p. 124
(SI added)
,,
65’ Rubber Age (Reprinted by special permission fmm
Publishing ComYny )
Palme*On
Table XXXVII (Replotted, S1 added)
66
185
195
p. 167
p. 169
p. 170
(S1 added)
(Modified,. S1 added)
Tabla XXXVIII
(Replotted )
Table XXXVIII-SI ‘ (Developed’ from Table XXXVIII )
64
p.
p.
Product Engineering, Novstier 11, 1957.
Fig. 24
63
(Data.sxtracted from)
(Data axtracted. from)
(Data extracted from)
Polmanter;’ et a 1, Low Temperature Behavior of Silicone
and Organic Rubbers, Ind. Eng. Chem. , Vol. 44, July 1952.
Fig. 86
Fig. 88
Fig. 89
62
p. le5
p. 195
p. 219
Rubber’ Chem. and Technol., ~, p. 1195, 1972. (Reprinted
by permission from Rubber Chem Te&hnol, Journal of the
Rubber Division, Am. Chem. Society)
-.,
Teble IX (Rsplotted and modified)
A-10
P.
68
1
MIL-HDBK-149B
67
Rubber Handbook Specifications for Rubber Products, Rubber
Manufacturers Association, Inc. , Feb~a~
1958.
Fig. 138
Fig. 139 (Modified S1 added)
68
p. 274
p. 275
Rubber in Automobile Design, Automobile Eng.’, DecemJeK 1955.
(Reprinted by special permission from ILIFFE a“d SOnS, Ltd. ,
London)
Fig. 116
69
Rubber Products HandbOOk, Nolded, kxtnded,
Lathe cut,
CellUlar, Rubber Manufacturers Association,
Manuscript, 1981. (All replotted)
4th Edition
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
70
P. 233
Schalamach,
XLI
XLI-SI
XLII
KLII-SI
XLIII
XLIII-SI
XLIV
XLV
XLVI
XLVII
XLVIII
78
P.
15
and Abrasion of Rubber, Vol. I
(1957-58) . (Feprinted by special pe~ission
f=Om El~evier
Publ. Co. , Amsterdam, Netherlands )
Schmukal, Ralph P. Transactions of the Society of
Automotive Engineers, Vol. 68, 1960. (Reprin;ed ty
special pemnission)
Table III (Replotted, S1 and additional rubbers added)
72
P.
A. , Friction
Fig. 34 (Modified)
71
P.
P.
p.
P.
P.
p.
p.
278
278
279
279
280
280
282
283
284
285
286
P.
P.
p.
p.
Scientific Lubrication, September. 1958. (Reprinted by
special pemnission from Scientific Publications)
Fig. 128
P. 250.
,,.
A-n
MIL-HDBK-149B
73
Smith, Properties of Elastomers up to 55O@~,
Rubber World, Januazy 1959.
Table XVIII
(Replotted)
Table XVIII-51 (Derived f rum Table XVIII)
74
Stevens, R. D. , Specialty Elastomers, Seventeenth Annual
Lecture Series, Co-sponsored by The Akron Rubber Group,
Inc. , and the University of Akron,, Dept: of’Special
pmqrmS,’ Contribution NO. 37,4<Table” 49.
p. 184
Fig. 101 (Redrawn)
,
75
,
Synthetic Rubber O-Rings, Carlot’t”a,Pied. Eng. , June 1951.
p. 248
Fig. 126 (Modified, S1 added)
76
Thiokol Chemica 1 Corporation, Trenton, New Jersey.
Private Communication.
p. 119
Fig. ’63 (S1 added)
77
Thoma S, A. G., Factors Affecting the St rengtb of Rubbers,
J. .Polym. Sci. , Polymer Synpositun No. ~, Fig. 4, P. 145,
1974.
~
Fig. 33 (Modified from Fig. 4)
78
,..-
WAX
~port
.,
P.
17
P.
76
TR 56-272, Part ,V.~
Fig. 129
Fig. 130 ~~
.,,
78
Veith, A. G., Measurement of Wet Corneiing Traction Of
Tires, Rubber Chem. and Technol. , ~, p. 262,’Table III,
1971. (Reprinted by pemnieaiOn fr~ Rubber them TechnOlt
Journal of the Rubkr Division, Am. Chem. Sceiety )
‘Table XII (Replotted, inch(pound units added)
80
P.
Transactions of the Institute of.Marine Engineers, Vol. 65,
No. 10, October 1953. (Reprinted by special .peRnission from
the Institute of Marine Engineers)
Fig. 2
,.,
79
p. 195
p. 195
,.
p. 250
P. 251
I
MIL-HDBK-149B
9
61
(Eata extracted frem)
Table XXVI
Table XXVIII
(Data extracted from )
Data Sheet No. 15 (Data extracted frem)
82
83
Wilson, Grefis, and
Effect of Swelling on
Properties of Elastomers, Rubber World, October 1958.
p. 17s
P. 179
p. 179
WinsPear, R. T. Vanderbilt Rubber Handbcek, 1958.
.bY ~ecial
o
I
Pemission
(Reprinted
of R. T. Vanderbilt Co. , Inc. )
p. 255
Fig. 132
85
I
I
Wocd, Lawrence A. , Physical Constants of Different
Rubbers, Rubber Chem. and Technol., ~, p. 189, 1976.
(*printed by Permission from Rubbsr Chem Technol,
Journal of the Rubber Division, Am. Chem. Society)
Table VIII (Data extracted from )
I
p. 195
p. C40
p. 203
p.’ 204
p. 206
Fig. 92
Fig. 93 (Modified)
Fig. 94 (Modified)
84
p. 185
Williams, John A. , Development of Elastomers Having Low
Water Vapor Transmission Rate, Weapons Labcratozy Report
No. SE-Til-71-5~, Rock Island Arsenal, 1971.
Table XXXII
Table XXXI II
Table XXXV
I
~
what is XALREZ
, Bulletin E-19829, E-09000, and Private
cO~uniCatiOn,
E. 1. duPont de Nemo”rs & co. (InC. )
P.
68
P.
70
1.
86
Wood, Lawrsnce. A. and Sekkedahl, Norman, Specific Heat
of Natural Rubber and Other Elastomers Above the Glass
Transition Temperature, Rubber Chem. and Technol, ~,
p. 564, 196t?., (Reprinted by permission from Rubbsi
Chem Technol, Journal of the Rubber Division, Am. Chem.
Society)
Table X (Adapted from)
A-13
MI L-HDRK-149B
APPENDIX B
SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS
1. Government.
The following Government specifications and standards are
typical of those available fram governmental agencies. The titles are
descriptive of the contents of the listed documents. There are additional
specifications and standards for rubber products, listed in the Department. of
Defense Index of Specifications and Standards (DODISS) which are applicable to
specific parts or components, such as belts, boots, gaskets, hoses,
insulators, mounts, packings, and seals. See 1.7 and 2.2 for further
discussion of specifications and standards.
1.1
1.1.1
Specifications.
Federal
TT-s-735
ZZ-R-71O
zZ-K-765
22-R-768
1.1.2
Standard Test Fluids, Hydrocarbon
Rubber Gasket Mat erial, 35 Duromet er Hardness
Rubber, Silicone
Rubber for Mountings, (Unbended-Spool and Compression
Types )
Militaxy
MIL-R-900
MIL-P-2693
MIL-R-2765
MIL-R-2778
MIL-S-2912
M2L-D-2921
MIL-R-3065
NIL-C-3133
MIL-R-3533
MIL-R-5001
MIL-G-5514
MIL-R-6130
MIL-R-6855
MIL-R-7362
MIL-P-115 20
MIL-G-12803
●
1’
-=.,
. . ..
1’
Rubber Gasket Material, 45 Durometer Hardness ‘
Packing Materia 1, Cold Storage Door. Gasketing,
Nonwat ertight
Rubber Sheet, Strip, Zxtruded and Molded Shapes,
Synthetic, Oi 1 Resistant
Rubber Sheet, Solid, Unvulcanized, High Graphite,
Gasket Use, Symbol 2352
Synthetic Rubber Compound, Acid and Oil Resistant
(For Lining Battexy Compartments on Suharines )
Di6k, Rubber, Cellular, Hard
Rubber, Fabricated Parts
Cellular Elastomeric Materials, Molded or Fabricated
Parts
Rubber, Synthetic, Sheet, Strip, and Molded
Rubber Cellular Sheet. Molded and Hand Built
Shapes, Latex Foam
Gland Design, Packings, Hydraulic, General
Requirements for kubber, Cellular, Chemically
Blown
Rubber, Cellular, Chemically Blown
Rubber, Synthetic, Sheets, Strips, i.ioldedor
Bxtruded Shapes
Rubber, Synthetic, Solid, Sheet,’ Strip and Fabricated
Parts, Synthetic Oil Resistant
Freservat ive Coat ing, Rubber, For Rubber Surfaces
Gasket Material, Non-metallic
B-1
:MII+HDEK-149B”
1.2
(continued)
MI L-R-1432E
.~
:..
.
1.
1.2
1.2.1
Rubber Sheet;, Synthetic; Mediuin Soft, General Purpose
Gasket Mkte’rial (For Extr&me” Climatic Conditions)
MIL-R-15624
Rubber Gasket Material, 50 ,Durometer Hardness (Maximum)
MIL-R-20092 “ Rubber Sheets and Molded Shapes, Cellular, Synthetic
oPe’n Cell (Foamed Latex)
Synthetic Rubber Compound, Butadiene-Styrene Type,
MIL-s-21923
Ozone Resistant, for Low Temperature SerViCe
Gasket and Packing Material, Rubber, For Use with
MIL-G-22050
Polar Fluids, Steam, and Air at Moderately High
Temperatures
R“b~r, Fluc,rosilicone,.ElastOlner,
Oil- and FuelMIL-R-2598;
Resistant,. Sheets, Strips, Molded Parts, and
Extruded Shapes
MIL-R-45036
Rubber, Hard (Ebonite ), Natural or Synthetic, Sheet,
Strip, Rod, , Tubing, and Molded Parts
Rubber, Sponge, Silicone, Closed Cell
MIL-R-460C9
Rubber, Synthetic, Heat Shrinkable
MIL-R-46846
MIL-R-47013
Rubber, Butyl, Special Grade
Rubber, Silicone, Room,Temperature Curing
MIL-R-47211
l?ub~r~, ,sy,nthetic,For ,Chemical Agent Ccinpounding
MI,L-FF51209
Rubber, Chlorinated, Naturd,l, power
.MIL-R.-6O671
MIL-R-81828
.Rubber, Chlorosulfonated. Polyethylene Elastomer,
Sheet and Molded .Shapes, Ozone Resistant
Rubber Sheet, Butyl, Unvulcanized
MIL-R-82635 .
‘ MIL-R-83.248 , Rubber, Fluorocarbon Elastomer, High Temperature,
Fluid and Compression Set Resistant
. .
Rubber, Silicone,. High Strength Cabin Pressure Seal
MIL-R-63283
Material Diaphragm, Type
Rubber, Ethylene-propylene, General Purpose
MIL-1+83285
Rubber, Carboxy-nitroso, Nitrogen Tetroxide (N204 )
MIL-R-83322
Resistsnt
MIL-R-E3397
Rubber, Polyurethane, Sheets, Strips, Molded Parts, and
Ext+”ded Shapes
MIL-R-83412
Rubber, Ethylene.-propyle.ne, Hydrazine Resistant
MIL-R-83485
Rubber F luoroc”arbon”Elastbmer, Improved Performance
at Low .T.emperature
Hose, Rubber, Lightweight, Medium Pressure, Fuel and
MIL-H-83797
“Oil Resistant
Standards
Federal.
FED-STD-00160
FED-STD-162
FED-STD-601
>“
..
Rubber Products, “Definitions and Terms for Visible
Defects oi,
Hose, Rubber, “Visual I:spec.tion Guide for
Rubber, sampling and Testing (FormerlY FED. TEST METH@D
STD. ) (Replaced by ASTM Standards, See Table LII ).
,,. ,
B-2
MIL-HDBK-149E
1.2.2
tilitary.
MIL-STD-177
@
MIL-STD-190
MIL-STD-289
I
.MIL-sTD-298
MIL-STD-413
MIL-STD-417
I
MIL-sTD-670
I
MIL-STD-2137
MIL-STE-1573
1.3
Handbooks
Milita~
MIL-HDBK-212
MIL-HDBK-695
2.
Industry.
Rubker Prociucts, Terms for Visible Defects of
Identification Marking of Rubber Products
Visual Inspection Guide For Rubber Sheet (Material )
Visual Inspection Guide For Hard Rubber (Ebonite) Items
Visual Inspection Guide For Rubber Extruded Goods
Visual Inspection Guide for Elastomeric O-Rings
Classification System and Tests for Solid Elastomeric
Materials (Inactive for New Design, See SAE J200 or
ASTM D2000)
Classification System and Tests for Cellular
Elastomeric Materials
Age Control of Age-sensitive Elastomeric Material
.
Gasket Materials (Nonmetallic)
Rubber Products, She lf Storage Life
The following industry specifications and standards represent
a large body of’documents prepared by technical societies and technical
associations, as noted, to procure and test rubber and rubber containing
Technical society specifications and standards are available from
materials.
the organizations noted below and are generally available for reference from
libraries. They are also. distributed among technical groups and usin9 Federal
agencies. Many industry specifications and standards have been approved for
Government use and are so listeal in the”Department of Defense Indsx of
Specifications and Standards (DODISS ). For the latest revision of an
See
individual document, consult the applicable indust~ index or the DODISS.
1.7 and 2.2 for further discussion of specifications and standards.
2.1 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. 400 Commonwealth Drive,
Warrendale, PA 15096
2.1.1
Aerospace Material Specifications
AMS 2810
M&S 2s17
AMS 3020
AJIS 3021
AMS 3022
AMs 3193
AM
3194
AM
AMS
AMs
~~AMS
AMs
3195
3196
3197
3198
3199
(AMS
Identification and Packaging, Elastomeric Products
Packaging and Identification, Preformed Packings
oil, Reference, for “L” Stock Rubber Testing
Fluid, Reference, For Testing Diester (PoIYo1)
Resistant Material
Reference Fluid for Testing Hydrocarbon Fuel
Rasistant Materials, 10% Aromatic Content
Silicone Rubber Sponge, Closed Cell, Medium, Extreme
Low Temperature
Silicone Rubber Sponge, Closed Cell, Firm, Extreme
Low Temperature
Silicone Rubker Sponge, Closed Ce 11, Medium
Silicone Rubber Sponge, Closed Cell, Firm
Sponge, Chloroprene, Rubber, Soft
Sponge, Chlorop rene, Rubber, Medium
Sponge, Chloroprene, Rubber, Firm
B-3
MIL-HDEK-149B
.,
. .
2.1.1
(continued)
AMs
3200
ANS
3201
ANS
ANS
3202
3204
ANS
AWS
3205
3207
ANS
AWS
AMS
3208
3209
3210
,.
ANS ‘3212
ANS 3213
ANS 3214
AMS
ANS
3215
3216
ANS
3220
AWS
3222
ANS ,3226
AMS 3227.,
ANS 3228
ANS 3229
AWS 3232
AMS 3237
ANS 3238
ANS 3239
ANS 3240
ANs 3241
ANS 3242
‘AMS 3243
ANS 3244
AMS 3248
,,
ANS 3249
,,.
,
AM
3250
.,
AN,? 3251
ANS 3252
ANS 3260
ANS 3270
ANS 3273
,.
Nitrile Rubber, ;F’etroleumBase Hydraulic Fluid
Resistant, 55-65 ,
“Nitrile Rubber, Dry Heat’ Resistant, 35-45
Nitrile Rubber; Dry “.Heat~sistant,
55-65
Synthetic Rubber, LOW Temperature Resistant, 25-35
Synthetic Rubber, Low Temperature Resistant, 45-55
Chloroprene Rukber, Weather Resistant, 25-35
Chioroprene” Rubber; Weather Resistant, 45-55
Chloroprene Rubber, Weather Resistant, 65-75
Chloroprene Rubber, Electrical Resistant, 65-75
Nitrile Rubber, Aromatic Fuel Resistant, S5-65
Nitrile Rubber, Aromatic Fuel Resistant, 75-85
Synthetic Rubber, Aromatic Fuel Resistant, 35-45
Nitrile Rubber, Aromatic Fuel Resistant, 65-75
Fluorocarbori Rubber, Fuel and Oil Resistant, 70-80
Synthetic ‘Rubber; General Furpose, Fluid Resistant,
55-65
Synthetic Rubber, Hot Oil Resistant - High Swell,
45-55
Ni tri1.sRubber, Hot Oi 1 and. CoOldnt Resistant - Low
Swell, “45-55
Nitrile Rubber; Hot Oil and Coolant Resistant - Low
Swell, 55-65
Nitrile Rubber, ,Hot’Oil and Coolant Resistant - Low
Swell, 65-75
Nitrile Rubber, Hot Oil Resistant - Low 5well, 75-85
Asbestos and Svnthet ic Rubber Sheet. Hot Oil Resistant
Butyl Rubter, Ph6sphate Ester’ Resistant, 35-45
Butyl
Rubber,. Phosphate Ester F@sistant, 65-75
Butyl Rubber, Phosphate Ester Resistant, 85-95
Chloroprene Ruhbir, Weather Resistant; 55-65
Chloropren& Rubber; Flame Resistant, 55-65
Chloroprene Rubber, ‘Flame. Resistant, 65-75
Synthetic RuMar; Phosphate Ester Resistant, Ethylene
Propylene Type, 55-65
Ethylene Propylerie, Hydrazine-Base-Fluid Resistant,
75-85
.,
Synthetic Rubber ‘and Cork Composition, General
purpose, Soft
Synthetic Rubber and Cork Composition, General
Purpose, Medium
Synthetic Rubber and Cork Composition, General
Purp6se, Firm
Synthetic Rubber, ~Ethylene Propylene Terpolymer,
Generdl Purpose, 45-55 .
Chlor6pren’e Rubber Sheet, Cotton Fabric Reinforced,
Weather ResistantChloroprene Rubber Sheet; Nylon Fabric Reinforced,
Weather Resistant
●
MIL-HOBK-149B
2.1.1
(continued)
AMS 3274
I
I
I
~
I
I
AMs
AMS
AMs
Am
RMs
AMs
3301
3302
3303
3304
3305
3307
AM 3315
AMS 3320
AM 3325
AMS 3326
ANS 3327
AMS 3332
I
lois 3334
AMs 3335
:0
AM
3336
AM
3337
AM
3338
MS
3345
AMs 3346
MIS 3347
AMS 3348
AMs 3349
RMS 3356
AMs 3357
At4S 3358
Ams 3359
AMS 3360
AhS 3361
ANS 3362
Nitrile Rubber Sheet, Nylon Fabric Reinforced, Fuel
Resistant
Silicone Rubber, General Purpose, 35-45
Silicone Rubber, General ~rpose, 55-65
Silicone Rubber, Low Compression Set, Non-Oil
Resistant, 65-75
Silicone Rubber Sheet, Glass Fabric Reinforced
Silicone Rubber Sheet, Glass Fabric Reinforced, Heat
and Weather ilesistant, 60-80
Fluorosilicone Rubber, Fuel and Oil Resistant, 55-65
Fluorosilicone Rubber, Fuel and Oil Resistant, 50-65
Fluorosilicone Rubber, High Temperature Fuel and Cil
Resistant, 70-80
Silicone Rubber, Extreme Low Temperature Resistant,
15-30
35-45
Silicone Rubber, Extreme Low Temperature, Resistant,
45-55
Silicone Rubber, Extreme Low ‘lenperature Resistant,
55-65
Silicone Rubber, Sxtreme Low Temperature Resistant,
65-75
75-85
Silicone Rubber, 1000 psi (6.9 MPa ) Tensile Strength,
45-55
Silicone Rubber, 1000 psi (6.9 MPa ) Tensile Strength,
55-65
Silicone Rubber, 1200 psi, High Modulus, 45-55
Silicone Rubber, 1150 psi (7.93 MPa) Tensile Strength,
High Resiliency, 25-35
Silicone Rubber, 1100 psi (7.58 MPa) Tensile Strength,
High Resiliency, 65-75
Silicone Rubber, Lubricating Oil and Compression Set
Resistant, Electrical Grade, 55-65
Silicone Rubber, Lubricating Oil and compression set
Resistant, 65-75
Silicone Potting Compound, Elastomeric, Two Part,
General purpose, 80-1S0 Poise ViscOsitY
Silicone Potting Compound, Elastomeric, Two Psrt,
General Fanpose, 200-400 Poise Viscosity
Silicone Potting Compound, Elastomeric, Two Part,
General Purpose, 200-600 Poise Viscosity
Silicone Pot ting Compound, Elastomeric, Two Part,
General Purpose, 150-400 Poise Viscosity
Silicone Rubber Compound, Room Temperature vulcanizing,
15,000 Centipoises Viscosity, 35-55
B-5
KIL-HDBK-149B
2.1.1 (continued)
~$, 3363,+-.
‘‘
., ..,,..
...
,
MIS 3364
S+ licone Fukber Compound, Room Teg,perature Vulcanizing,
50,000 Centipoises .Viscosity, 30-45
Silicone, Rubber Com,pound, Room Temperature Vulcanizing,
50, COO Centipoises Viscosity, Short Pot Life, 35-55
. . . . . . . ,“
AM ‘3365 ‘“
5iIicon& Rubker Coypound,, Ro,bm Temperature Vulcanizing,
35,000 Centipoises Viscosity, Durometer, 40-55
,., .,
.,AkiS‘3366 ‘“’ Silicone Rubber Compound, Room Temperature Vulcanizing,
“, ,.
.
.55,000 Centipoises Viscosity, 55-70
AM 3367
Silicone Rubber Compound, Room Temperature Vulcanizing,
1,200,000 Ce’tdiipoisesViscosity, 55-70
At4S
3368
Silicone Resin - Elastomeric; Transparent, Elevated
.
.
Temperature ‘Cure
‘“’AM 3369
Si Iicohe Resin - “Elastomeric; Opaque, Elevated
Temperature Cure
AMS 3370
Silicone Resin - Elastomeric, Transparent, Room
Teu,perature Cure
.ANs 3371
Silicone “Resin - Elastomeric, Opaque, Room Temperature
Cure
AkiS 3372
Silicone Resin - Elastomeric, High Tear Strength,
Elevated Temperature Cure
‘.
Hose,
Synthetic Rubber, Aircraft Fueling, Textile
UIS 3386
Reinforced, Collapsing
Hose, Synthetic Rubber, Aircraft Fueling, Textile
““~S 3387
~~
Reinforced; Noncollapsing
Hose, Synthetic Rubber, Aircraft Fueling, Single
AM 3388
Wire Braid Reinforced, Noncollapsing
pose, Synthetic Rubber, Aircraft Fueling, Double
AMs 33Ei9
Wire Braid Reinforced, Noncollapsing
Ring>,’.Picking, Synthetic -Rubber, Fuel and Low
ANS 7260
..
.
Temperature Resistant, 70-80
Rings, Sealing, Eutyl Rubber, Phosphate Ester Hydraulic
*5:7263
Fluid Rssistant, 85-95
Ring’s, Sealing, Fluorosilicone Rubber, General Purpose,
WS 7266
High Temperature, Fuel and Oil Resistant, 65-75
.Rikgs, Sealing, Silicone Rubber, Heat Resistant Low
AllS 7267
Compression Set, 70-S0
UK+ 7268
Rings, Sealing, Silicone Rubber, Low Compression Set,
Non-Oil Resistant, 65-75
“’*,S7269
“Rings,
Sealing, Silicone Rubber, Low Outgassing, Space
,,
and Vacuum S’ervice, 45-55
“Rings, Sealing, Syrithetic‘Rubber, Fuel Resistant, 65-75
Ah5 i270
Rings, Sealing, Synthetic Rubber, Fuel and Low
MiS 7271
Temperature Resistant, 6.0-70
Rings, Sealing, Syntbet ic j+ubber, Synthetic Lubricant
Af45 1272
1, .,,.,,.
Resistant, NBR Type, 65-75
si~gs,. Sealing, Fluorosilicone Rubber, High Temperature
AMS 7273
. . . .
Fuel and Oil Resistant, 70-80
Rings, Sealing, Synthetic Rubber, Oil Resistant, 65-75
~&S 7274
Rings, Sealing, Fluorocarbon Rubber, High -Tezcperature‘AMS i2i6
.Fluid Resistant, Vexy-Low-Compre ssion-Set, FIU.1
Type,
70-80
“
B-6
●
.
,,
MIL-HD6K-149B
2.1.1 (continued)
AMS 7277
@
1-
AMS 7278
APIS 7279
AMS 7280
2.1.2
Aerospace Standards (AS)
AS 568
As 871
2.1.3
\
●
O-Ring Tension Testing Calculations
American Society for Testing and Materials
Philadelphia, PA 19103
ASTM D69
ASTM D119
ASTM D296
ASTM D297
ASTM D380
ASTM D395
AS’$M D412
ASh4 .D413
ASTM E429
ASTM D430
ABTM” D454
ASTM D471
ASTM D518
ASTM D530
ASTM D531
ASIT.1D571
ASTM D572
ASTM D573
ASTM D575
ASI’N 0622
ASTM D624
ASTM D639
ASTM D746
ASTM D750
●
Aerospace Size Standard for O-Rings
Manufacturing and Inspection Standards for Preformed
Packings (O-Rings)
Aerospace Information Reports (AIR)
AIR 851
2.2
Rings, Sealing, Synthetic Rubber, Phosphate Ester
Hydraulic Fluid Resistant, Butyl ~pe, 70-85
Rings, Sealing, Fluorcarkon Rubber, High-TemperatureFluid Resistant, 70-80
Rings, Sealing, Fluorocarbon Rubber, High-TerrperatbreFluid Resistant, 85-95
Rings, Sealing, Fluorocarbon Rubber, High-TemperatureFluid Resistant, Low Compression Set, FKM Type, 70-80
ASTM D751
(ASTM). 1916 Rack St. ,
Tape for General Use for Electrical ~WCses
Rubber Insulating Tape, Low Voltage
Rubber-Lined Fire Hose with Woven Jacket
Rubber Products - Chemical Analysis
Rubber Hose, Testing
Rubber Property - Compression Set Tests
Rubber Properties in Tension
Rubber Property - Adhesion to a Flexible Substrate
Rubber Property - Adhesion to Rigid Substrates
Rubber Deterioration - Dynamic Fatigue
Rubber Deterioration by Heat and Air Pressure
Rubber Property - Effeet of Liquids
Rubber Deterioration - Surface Cracking
Hard Rubker Products, Testing
Rubber Property - Pusey L Jones Indentation
Testing Automotive Hydraulic Brake Hose
Rubber Deterioration by Heat and Cxygen Pressure
Rubber - Deterioration in an Air Oven
Rubber Properties in Compression
Rubber Hose for Automotive Air and Vacuum Brake
System, Testing
Rubber Property - Tear Resistance
Batteg Containers Made from Hard Rubber or Equivalent
Materials, Testing
Brittleness Temperature of Plastics and Elastomers by
Impact
Rubber Deterioration in Carbon-Arc or Weathering
ApparatuB, Recommended Practice
Coat ed Fabrics, Testing
B-7
Friction
MIL-HLBK-149B
2.2 (continued)
ASTM D792
ASTM D797
ASTM D814
,.
AsTM G832
ASTM D865
ASTM D925
ASTM D945
.ABTM D991
ASTM D105O
ASTM D1053
ASI’M D1055
ASTN D1056
ASTM D1081
ASTM D1084
ASTM D1149
ASTM, D1 171
ASTM D1229
ASTM D1329
ASTM D1349
ASTM
ASTM
ASTM
ASTM
D1390
D1414
D1415
D1418
ASTM D1456
‘Ak’TMD1460
ASTM D1565
,,
A,iTM D1566
ASTM D1630
AST’M D1646
ASTN D16c7
ASTM D1765
ASTM D1780
ASTM D1817
ASTN DIE 71
Specific Gravity and Density of PlastiCs by
~~Displacement
Rubber Property - Young’ .sNoclulus at Normal and
Subnormal Temperatures
Rubber Property - Vapor Transmission of Volatile
Liquids
Rublzer Conditi,cning for Low Temperature Testing
Rubber Deterioration by Heating in a Test Tube
Rukber Property - St,aining of SUKfaCeS (contact,
Migration, and Diffusion)
Rubber Properties in Compression or, Shear
Rubber Property - Volume Resistivity of Electrically
Conductive and Ant istatic Products
Rubber Insulating Line Hose
Rubber Property - Stiffening at Low Temperature Using a
Torsional Wire Apparatus
Flexible Cellular Materials, - Latex Foam
Flexible Cellular Materials - Sponge or Sxpanded Rubber
Rubber Propefiy’ - Sealing Pressure
Viscosity of Adhesives
Rubber Deterioration - Surface Ozone Cracking in a
Chamber (Flat Specimen)
Rubber Deterioration - Surface Ozone Cracking Outdoors
or, Chamber (Triangular Specimen)
Rubber Property - Compression Set at Low Temperature
Rubber Property - Retraction at Low Temperatures
(TR Test)
Rubber - Standard Temperatures and Atmospheres for
Testi’ng ‘and Conditioning, Recommended Practice (See
1.7.5)
Rubber Property, - Stress Relaxation in Compression
Rubber G-Rings, Testing
Rub&r ,Property - International Hardness
Rubber and Rubber Latices - Nomenclature, Rexxxwnended
Practice for (See 1.4.4 and 1. 7.5)
Rubber Property - Strain Testing at Constant Load
Rubber Property - Change in Length During Liquid
I~ersion
Flexible Cellular Naterials - Vinyl Chloride Polymers
and Copolymers (Gpen-Cell Foam )
Rubber, Definition of Terms Relating to
Eubbek Prope~y - Abrasion Resistance (NBS Abrader)
Rubber from Natural or Synthetic Sources - Viscosity
and Vulcanization Characteristics (Mooney Viscometer)
Flexible Cellular Materials - Vinyl Chloride Polymers
and Copolymers (Closed-Cell’ Sponge) (See 10.3 .5.4 )
, Carbon Blacks, Used in Rubber Products, Classification
System for
Creep Tests of Metal-to-Mets 1 Adhesives, Recommended
Practice for Conducting
Rubber Chemicals - Density
Rubber Property - Adhesion to Single-Strand Wire
B-8
MIL-HDBK-149B
2.2 (continued)
ASTM D2000
AST1l D2137
ASTM D2228
ASTM D2230
ASTM
D2231
ASTM
ASTM
ASTM
ASTM
ASTM
ASTM
E2240
D2632
D2663
D2707
D2934
D2990
AS’i’ki
D3137
ASTM D3157
ASTh D3182
AsTt.’D3l83
ASTII D3164
●
I
ASTM D31S5
ASTM D3186
ASTM D31E!7
ASTM
D318S
ASTM
D3189
ASTM D3150
ASTM
D3191
ASTM D3192
ASTM D33S9
ASTM D3490
ASTM D373S
ASTM D3767
ASTM E96
ASThi F36
ASTM F104
ASTM F607
Rubber Products in Automotive Applications,
Classification System for (See 1.7.5 and Table LIII )
Rubber Property - Brittleness Point of Flexible Polymers
and Coated Fabrics
Rubber Propetiy - Abrasion Resistance (Pico Abrader)
Rubber Property - Sxtrudability of Unvulcanized
Compounds
Rubber Properties in Forced Vikration, Recommended
Practice
Rubbsr Property - Durometer Hardness
Rubber Property - Resilience (Vertical Rebound)
Rubber Compounds - Dispersion of Carbon Black
Hard Rubber in Tension, Test
Rubber Seals - Compatibility with Service Fluids
Tensile, Compressive, and Flexural Creep and Creep
Rupture of P1 astics
Rubber Property - Hydrolytic Stability
Rubber from Natural Sources - Color, Testing
Rubber - Materials, Equipment, and Procedure for Mixing
Standard Compounds and Preparing Standard Vulcanized
Sheets, Reconunended Practice (See 1.7.5)
Rubber - Preparation of Pieces for Test from ether Than
Standard Vulcanized Sheets, Recommended Pratt ice
(See 1.7.5)
Rukber - Evaluation of NK (Natural Rubber) (See 1.7.5)
Rubber - Evaluation of SBR (Styrene-Butadiene Rubber )
Including Mixtures with Cil (See 1.7.5)
Rubber Evaluation of SBR (Styrene-Butadi@ne Rubbers )
Mixed with Carbon Black or Carbon Black and Oil
(See 1.7.5)
Rubber - Evaluation of N8K (Acrylonitrile-Butadiene
Rubbers) (See 1.7.5)
Rubber - Evaluation of IIR (Isobutene-Isop rene Rubbers)
(See 1.7.5)
Rubber - Evaluation of Solution BIi (Polybutadiene
Subber) (See 1.7.5)
Rubber - Evaluation of General Purpose CR (Chloroprene
Rubbers)
Carbon Black in SER (Styrene-Butadiene Rubbsr ) - Recipe
and Evaluation Procedures (See 1.7.5)
Carbon Black in NR (Natural Rubber) Recipe and
Evaluation Procedures (See 1.7.5 )
Coated Fabrics - Abrasion Resistance (Rotary Platform,
Double-Head Abrader)
Flexible Cellular Materials .- Bonded Urethane Foam
Rubber - Coated Cloth Hospital Sheeting
Rubber - Measurement of Dimensions
W’ater Vapor Transmission of Materials in Sheet Form
Compressibility and Recovery of Gasket Materials
Classification Systsm for Nonmetallic Gasket Materials
Adhesion of Gasket Materials to Metal Surfaces,
Test for
B-9
NiIL-HDBK-149B
2.2 (continued)
ASTM G21
2.3
●
International Standardizati-oi Organization””(1S0) Standards (available
in USA from American National Standards Institute (ANSI) , 1430
Broadway, New York, NY 10018) . Standards cited in”the text are shown.
R 34
1S0 48
1S0 815
1S0 13&2
.1S0 1400
ISC lfjls
ISO 2285
,\
Determining Resistance of synthetic Polymeric .Material~
to Fungi; Recommended Practice
1S0 3601/1
..
DIS 4662
DIS 4663
DIS 4664
Determination of Tear Strength of Vulcanized Natural
and Synthetic Rubbers (Crescent Test Piece )
Vulcanized Rubbers - Determination of Hardness
(Hardness between 30 and 85 IRHD)
Vulcanized Rubber - Deteisnination of Compression Set
Under Constant Deflection at Normal and High’
Temperatures
Kubber, Vocabulary
Vulcanized Rubbers of High Hardness (85 to 100 IHilL) EeterminatiOn of Hardness
Vulcanized Rubbers of Low Hardness (10 to 35 IHRD) Determination of Hardness
Vulcanized Rukbers - Determination of Tension Set Under
Constant Elongation at Normal and High Temperatures
O-rings -,Part 1: Inside Diameters, Cross-Sections,
Tolerances, and Size Identification Code
Rubber, Vulcanized - Rebound Resilience - Determination
Rubber, Vulcanized - Low Temperature Dynamic Behavior
(Torsion Pendulum) - Determination
Rubber, Vulcanized - Dynamic Properties (Forced
Sinusoidal Shear Strain) , for Classification Use Determination
.
B-10
●
MIL-HDBK-149B
APPENDIX E
TABLE LII.
.FED-sTD-601 3U?PLACEMBNT BY ASTM STANDARDS
FEDERAL TEST NETHOB STANDAAD NO. 601
ASTM TEST METHOD
TITLE
NuNBE3?
NOMBER
SECTICN
Group 1000 - Preparation of Materials and Samples
Separation of rubber from’ other materials
Buffing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Composite sample for chemical analysis
.
1o11
1111
1211
D3163
D3183
D297
8
Group 2000 - Geometrical Measurements
Geometrical
measurements,
general
. . . .
Thickness, micrometer, flat foot
. . .
Thickness, micrometer, spherical foot .
Thick!iess, optical
. . . . . . . . . .
Thickness, magnetic gage
. . . . . . .
Width, narrow units . . . .’. . . . . .
Width, scale or tape
. . . . . . . . .
Diameter, optical
. . . . . . . . . .
Diameter, scale or tape . . . . . . . .
Diameter, circumference method
. . . .
Circumference, outer wire or thread . .
Circumference, diameter, optical
. . .
Circumference, scale . . . . . . . . .
Circwnference, inner, mandrel . . . . .
Circumference, outer, tape
. . . . . .
Circumferencer dianeter, scale or tape
Length
. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2001
D3767
2011
2021
2031
2041
2111
2121
2211
2221
2231
2311
2321
2331
2341
2351
2361
2411
D3767
D3767
D3767
D3767
D3767
E3767
D3767
D3767
D3767
D3767
D3767
D3767
D3 767
D3767
D3767
D3767
8.1 (1.iethod
A)
8.2 (Method Al)
11 (Method D)
11 (Method D)
10 (Method C)
11 (Method D)
9&10 (Method B&C )
9 (Method B)
11 (Method D )
12
10
10
10
(Method
(Method
(Method
(Method
E)
C)
C)
C)
Group 3000 - Theological Tests
Hardness, durometer . . . . . . . . .
Calibration’ of dukometer
. . . . . ..
Hardness, plastometer . . . . . . . .
Hardness, ASTM hardness ntunher . . .
Hardness, indentometer
. . . . . . .
Plastic flow . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sealing pressure
. . . . . . . . . .
Compression set...
. . . . . . . .
Compression and iecovery
. . . . . ~
Compressibility and recovery, gaaket
material s......
. . . . . . .
Resilience, oscillograph
. . . . . .
International hardness of vulcanized
rubber
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3021
3025
3031
3041
3051
3111
3211
3311
3321
D2240
D2240
D531
None ~/
Nc,ne~/
None ~/
D1081
D395
None ~/
. .
. .
3331
3411
F36
D945
. . . . . . . .’. . . . . . . .
3061
D1415
E-11
Nethod B
Part C
4
,.. - !.,. ,
MIL-SDEK-149B
..
TAELS ‘LII.
(contin~ed )
‘,,-.,-.:,
,.,:...
,.
FEDEsAL TEST MXTHOD 5TANDXSD s0. 601’ +,.
ASTM TEST NSTHOD
TI TLS “
., .
NONBER
.
NUMBER
SECTION
,..
,,,
Group 4000 - Tension Tests ‘
Tension Tests, general
. . . ... . . . . ‘ 4001
Tensile, strsngth
. ~ . . . . . .,,
~ . . . 4111”
Calibration of te”sibn t“esting Machine
. 4116
Elongation, ultimate
. . . . . . . . . . “ 4121
Tensile stress
. . . . . . .’. . 1 . .“. 4131
Strain
. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .
4141
Tear resistance, cretient aid angle . . . 4211
Tear resistance, strip ““.
. . . . . ‘. .’”. . 4221
Strength of splice . . .. . . . . . . . . 4311
Tension set . . ...’.’” . . . . . . . . . 4411
D412
D412
D412
D412
D412
i1456
D624
None ~/
None L/
D412
GZOUP 5000 - Thermal Tests
Conditioning of materials for low tempe~‘ -ature testing, general
. .“.
. ‘“.; . . .
Flexibility, bending bsam, 10Wtemperature . . . . . . . . .“~”,
. . . .
Brittle ness,. low-temperature, motc”r-driven
apparatus . . ...’..
.. :;”....
Brittleness, low-temperature, so’1’enoidactuated apparatus
~’. . ; . . . . . “.
Coqlpression set, low-temperature
. . . .
Hardnes 6, ,durometer, ‘low-temp,erature . ,
Har.iness, identomet’er, ,lOW-tde.ratUre
.
Hardnes S, plastometer,’,iow-temperature
.
5111
De32
5211
5311’
5321
5411
5511
5521
5531
Stiffness; torsional,. low-temperature . . 5611
Hose, flegibility, low-temperature
.. . . 5711
Stif fries.5,torsions 1, low-temperature, , ..
ga~eo”smedim
.. ... . . . . . . . . . 5612
D2137
D2137
D1229
D2240
None ~/
D746
D1053
None ~/
D1053
Group 6000 .-“LiiquidTreatment Tests
*
‘Liquid .treatmetittests, general ~ ‘. . . .
Tensi~e” ‘St?emgth and elongation’ i~ediately
after
immersion
in liquids .’. .
Tensile strength and elongation, liquid
immersion,’ after recove~” . .’.-. . . “.
Change in volume, liquid immsrsioq. . . .
Change in thickness immediately. after’
immersion in liquid . . . . .’. . .’.“..
.... ... . .. . . . ,,.
.
...
,6001
D471
1-8
6111
D471
14
6121
6211
D471
D471
14
14
6231 “’””” D471
11
,MIL-HD6K-149B
TABLS LII .
(continued)
FEDEFAL TEST METHOD STANDARD NO. 601
TITLE
NUNSER
Group 6000 (continued)
Change in thickness, liquid immersion
after recovery
. . . .. . . . .. . . . .
Change in weight, liquid ininersion . . .
Change in laminated materials, liquid
immersion . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .
Hose, change in adhes}on, liquid
immersion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hose, change in di~,eter, liquid exposure
Extraction, crganic solvent . . . . . . .
Resistance to boiling water . . . . . . .
Extraction, boiiiig water . . . . . . . .
Change in weight, water immersion . . . .
Resistance to phenol
. . . . . . . , . .
624i
6251
ASTM TEST MSTHOD
NUMBER
SECTION
None ~/
D471
9, 12, 13
6311
6411
6421.
6511
6611
6621
6631
6711
D380
None’~/
D471
D471
D471
None L/
D3738
9.7
GrouP 7000 - Accelerated .Aging Tests
Accelerated, aging, tests, general
. . .
oxygen pressure test
. . . . . . . . .
Air pressure test....
. . . . . . .
Air heat test, air heating medium . . .
Air heat test, liquid heating medium
.
Test-tute heat-aging. test . . . . . . .
Resistance to light . . . . . . . . . .
Sterilization steam . . . . , . . . . .
Resistance to steam, digestion method .
Resistance to steam, rack method
. ,. .
,,,
—,.
.,i,
I
I
Fric~~on,
Friction,
Friction,
Adhesion,
Adhesion,
Adhesion,
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
7001
7111
7211
7221
7231
7241
7311
7411
7421
7431
D572
D454
D573
D865
DS65
D750
D3738
D380
D380
9-1o
19
18
GIXXIp
8000 - Adhesion” Tests
general . . . . . . .
machine method
. . .
dead-weight method
.
rubber to metal . . .
coating to fabric . .
seams (seam strength)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
. .
.. .
. ..
. .
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
8001
6011
8021
8031
8211
8311
Ncne ~/
D413
D413
D429
D751
D751
Method B
39-42
50
Group 9000 - Electrical Tests
Volume rssistivity
. . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical resistance of casters
. . . .
B-13
91il
9211
D991
“’
None ~/
MI”L=HDBK-~49B
TAELE LI 1.
.
●
(continued)
. .
FEDEEAL TEST METHOD STANDARD NO. 601
,?. “
ASTM TEST M.STHOD
GKOUP 10000 - Hydrostatic !Cests
Bursting Strength, straight specimen
.’. 10011
D380
D380
Bursting strength, curved specimen
.,. .: 10021
Air leakage . ~ . . . . . ..
. . . . ....10111
D622
D380
Pr00fpressur6
. . . . . . . . .. . . . . 10211
Hold test, straiqht Spetiti”en . . . . . . 10221
D380
Hold test, curved specimen
10231
,. No~~ ~/
. . . . . . ..
Elongation or contraction . . . . . . . .
D3s0
10311
D380
Expansi”oi, circumference
. . .. . . . .
10321
Tw&st . . . . ...’.
. . . . . .. . .. .
io331
D380
Warp;........”.
. . . . . . .
D380
10341
Rise
10351
D380
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
Kink
. ... ....’...
D380
. . . . . .
io361
Coated fabrica, hydrostatic resistance
D751
10511
.
.,” Group 11000 -“Hard Rubber
Hard rubber, general. .. . . . . .;. . . . 11001
Tensile strength, hard rubber . . . . . ..”,iloll
Elongation, bard rubber . .. . ; . . . . . 11021 ~
Flexural strength, hard rubber
. . . . . 11041
DefSexion, hard ruk.~er . . . ‘. . . . . . 11051
Cold flow, hard rubber
. . . . . . . . . ‘11121
Impact resistance, hard rubber, general . 11211
Impact resistance, hard rubber,
cantilever
. . . . . . . .“. : . . .. . ,i1221 “.
Impact resistance, haxd rubber, simp16
.‘
beam
. . . . . .... . . . . . . . ‘.’;~’ 11231
14.1
14.2
5
12,13,15 .1,15.2
15.1,15
.1.1,15.2
15.1,
15.1.5
15.1,
15.1.2
15.1,
15.1.3
15.1,
15.1.4
15.1,
15.4
35-38
D530
D2707
D2707
None ~/
None ~/
D530
None ~/
D530
D256
4.1.5 &
Method A
D530
D256
4.1.5 &
Method B
~
,,
Impact resistance, hard rubber,
variable size ball . . . . . . . . . . i1241
Impact resistance, hard rubber, fixed
size ball.....
‘.. . . .. ... . . . . 11251
Impact resistance, battery container
. . 11261 .”
Softening point, hard rubber
. .. . . . . 11311
Bulge. test, battefi containers
. .““”.. .“’11321
.Weight. change, hard rubber in battery
acid
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11411
Dimensional changes, bard robber in
battery acid
. . . . . . .. .,. . .,. .’ 11421
Penetration, acid, hard rubber
. . : ..‘.. 11431
Voltage withstand, battery containers . . 11521
D639
None Al
D639
35-40
D639
41-47
D639
19-26
D639
None ~/
D639
19-26
54-59
,,
.,
.,”B-14
●
MIL-HDEK-14GB
TABL8 LI 1.
(continued )
FEDESAL TEST MSTHOD STANDARD NO. 601
ASTM TEsT NETHOD
TITLE
NUMBER
NUMBER
SECTION.
GrouP 12000 - Cellular Rubber
Cellular rubber, general
. . . . . . . .
Geometrical measurements, cellular
rubber, general..
. . . . . . . . . .
Length, cellular rubber . . . . . . i . .
Width, cellular rubber
. . . . . . . . .
Thickness, cellular rubber
. . . . . . .
Dismeter, cellular rubber . . . . . . . .
Flexing endurance, cellular rubber
. . .
Indentation; cellular rubber . . . . . .
Compression set, cellular rubber
. . . .
Compre ssitm resistance, cellular rubber,
oscillograph
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Compression deflect ion, cellular rubber .
Air heat test, cellular rubber
. . . . .
Deflection at low temperature,
celluler rubber..
. . . . . . . . . .
Air presaurs test, cellular rubber
. . .
oil immersion test, cellular rubber . . .
Water absorption, cellular rubber . . . .
12001
D1056
1-4
12005
12011
12021
12031
12041
12111
12121
12131
D1056
D1056
D1056
D1056
D1056
D1055
D1055
D1055
15
15.
15
15
15
24-26
20-23
17-19
12141
12151
12211
D945
D1056
D1055
18-21
15-16
12221
12231
12311
12411
D1055
D1055
D1056
D1056
27-30
15-16
25-30
31-33.
D69
D69
D119
D119
D69
D69
D119
D69
D119
D69
D69
D119
None Al
1-5
9.1
16
16
19.1
19.2
18
20
19
22
23
17
Group 13000 - Tape
Tape, genera l....
. . . . . . . .
Breaking strength, friction tape
. .
Tensile strength, insulating tape . .
Elongation, insulating tape . . . . .
Adhesion, friction tape . . . . . . .
Adhesion, insulating tape . . . . . .
Fusion, insulating tape . . . . . . .
Tackiness, friction tape
. . . . . .
Tackiness, insulating tape . . . . .
Pinholes, friction tape . . . . . . .
Dielectric strength, friction tape
.
Dielectric etrength, insulating tape
Sulfure, friction tape . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13001
13011
13021
13031
13111
13121
13131
13141
13151
13211
13311
13321
13411
Group 14000 - Miscellaneous
I
Physical Tests
Specific gravity, hydrostatic ,.,. . . . .
Specific gravity, pycnometer
; . . . . .
14011
14021
D792
D792
Abrasion
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Corrosion of metal by rubber
. . . . . .
14111
14211
111630
B-15
.
MIL-HD13K-149B
TABLE LI 1,
(continued)
FEDERAL
TEST METHCD
STANDARD
NO. 601
ASTM TEST NETHOD
~
‘NUN8ER
SECTIGN
GD”up ‘15”0
O -’Chemical,Analysis of Synthetic Rubber Compounds
Cheini6’ilanalysis of synthetic iubbir
compounds, general
. . . . . . . .
Identification of synthetic fibber
.
Polychloroprene rubber. . . . . . . .
Acrylonitrile rubber
. . . . ; , . .
Styrene rubber
. . ...
. . . . . .
Polysulfide rubber- (thioplasts) . . .
Polyisobutylene rubber
. . . . . . .
Carbon black
. . . . . . . . . . . .
Phosphate plasticizer, fusion method
Phosphate plasticizer, sodium method
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 15001
. 15011
. 15111
. 15211
. 1531.1
. 15411
. ~~15511
:’”15611
. 15821
. 15825
D297
D257
D297
D297
D297
5-1
Appendix X2
53
54
56
D297
D297
55
3e
Group 16000 - Chemical Analysis of Rubber Compounds and Packings
analysis
of rubber compounds,
general . . .. .... . . .
. . . . . .
Preliminaq examination of sample for
test
. . . . . . . . ..
. . . .. . .
Rubber content, general . . . . . . . . .
Rubber content, indirect method . . . . .
Rubber content, direct method . . . . . .
Sulfur, genera l.....
. . . . .. . .
Sulfur, free.....
. ..’......
‘Sulfur in extract . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sulfur zinc - nitric acid method
. . . .
Sulfur, fusion method ~ . . . . . . . . .
Sulfur, inorganic, antimony present . .. .
Sulfur, inorganic, antimony absent
. . .
Extractable materials, general
. . . . .
Extract, total
. . . ..
. . .. . . . .
Extract, acetone
. . . . . . . . . .,. .
Extract, chlorofom. . . . . . . . . . . .
Extract, alcoholic potassium hydroxide
.
Extract acetone, unsaponifiable . . . . .
Extract, waxy hydrocarbons
. . . . . . .
Extract, mineral ‘oil . . . . . . . . . .
Fillers, general
. . . . . . . . . . . .
Fillers, zineral oil.....
. . .. .
Fillers, paranitrotoluene-orthodichlorobenzene . . . . . . . . . .’..:...
Chemical
E-16
“(f.
16001
D297
16011
D297
D297
D297
D297
D297
D297
DZ97
D297
D297
licneLI
D297
16101
16111
16121
16201
16211
16221
16231
16241
16251
16261
16301
16311
16411
!2297
D297
D297
D257
D297
D297
D297
None ~/
None l/
16421
Ncne LI
16321
16331
16341
16351
16361
16371
16401
9
51
10 & 12
52
26 & 27
28
29
Appendix Xl
31
32
20
1s
19
21
22
23
24
●
MIL-HOBK-149B
TABLE LI 1.
(continued)
FEDERAL TEST NSTHOD STANDAPD NO. 601
TITLE
NUMBER
Group 16000 (continued)
Fillers, ash method . . . . . . . . . .
Free carbon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Glue
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fibrous materials, mineral oil . . . .
Fibrous mate rials, pa ranitrotolueneorthodichlorobsnzene
. . . . . . . .
Chemical analysis of packings, general
Packings, rubber compound and rubber
hydrocarbon . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Packings, lubricant, graphite absent
.
Packings, lubricant, graphite present .
Packings, lubricant, organic solvent
soluble, and graphite . . . . . . . .
Packings, metal and fibrous materials,
mineral oil....
. . . . . . . . .
Packings, metal and fibrous materials,
paranitrotoluene-orthodichlorobenzene
Packings, fillers in rubber compound,
mineral oil.....
. . . . . . . .
Packi rigs,fillers in rubber compound,
paranitrotoluene -orthodichlorobenzene
Packing, asbestos . . . . . . . . . . .
Packings, chemical lY combined water,
asbestos
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ASTM TEST NSTHOD
NUMNER
SECTION
D297
.34
D297
D297
37
16431
16511
16521
16531
None
LI
16535
16601
No~e
~1
None
_v
9.1.6
16611
16621
16625
None L/
None ~/
16627
None ~/
16631’
None ~/
16635
None ~/
16641
None ~/
16645
16651
None L/
None L/
16661
None ~/
& 39
None ~/
I
_~The word “None” indicates that the test method has been cancel led because
it is no longer referenced in any Federal or Military specification, and
there is no comparable ASTM test method.
B-17
~.
\,
t31LTIjD6K-149B.
.: .,,
G“
,. APPENDIX
B
‘“’TAB’ti
‘LI1“1.‘:”
OUTLINE OF SAS J20 O - ASTM D200 O
FOR NATUF.AL AND SYNTSETIC RUBBER COMF@UNDS
... .. ..
.
(6 )
‘Line Call-out ‘= 2BC515A14E034F17 = Specification for Rubber
‘2~Pical
,.
~SIC
,:.’
.A14&o.34F17
C5J
Expands to:
.::,.SUFFIX
,
,,..
L“-41Joc (-400F)
.
,,
L
1.,
STM D2137, Method A, Para. 9.3.2,
3 minute exposure
~W
,
T~PESATUSE
L,””
L 1000c (2120F)
sw
D471, Oil No. 3, 70 hr
FLUID RESI ST”ANCS
, ..
-1OOOC (212°F)
.,,. ,
LA5m
.. .
~573, 70 br
1“.
. .
HEAT AsSISTANCE
. .
TENSILE STF.ENGTH, 150G psi, (10.5,MPa) , minimum
~,:,
iASDNESS, 50 Ilu,rometer ,,A, +5
,.
~.C’HS5, indicates degress of oil resistance
,,:.
‘1~
,YPE, indicates temperature of basic heat aging
~~ ,,
GRADE, Indicates a particular set of suffix requirements, as
explained in ASTM D2000
.,:.
,.,
.
BASIC REQUIFWSWI’S
:.
.,!..
. ..
..
TYPS designation establishes the temperature of basic heat aging. This shall
produce not more: than 30 percent tensile strength change, not more than 50
percent ,.loss,.’in
elongat.i:n, and not more than 215 points hardness change.
CLASS designation. establishes the volume change in ASTM Gil No. 3 after 70
hours at,~~
the ..temperatureof aging for that type, but, not over 15 O°C
(3000F) .
B-1+
MIL-HDBK-149B
TABLS LIII .
(continued )
TYPE BY TEMPESATUKE
A
B
c
D
E
F
.G
H
J
cLASS BY VOLUME SWZLL
700C (l~oop)
1000C
125°C
150°c
175°c
2o00c
225°C
2500c
275°C
(212°F)
(2600F)
(3000F)
(3500F)
(400%)
(440°F)
(2S00F)
(5250F)
A
no requirement
B
140
percent,
maximum
C
120
D
E
F
G
H
J
K
100
80
60
40
30
20
10
percent,
percent,
percent,
percent,
percent,
percent,
percent,
percent,
maximum
maximum
maximum
maximum
maximum
maximum
maximum
maximum
sUFFIX REQUIREMENTS
The SUFFIX LETTER designates that an additional test is required for some
property, as shown below. The FIRST SUFFIX NDMSER establishes the test method
by ASTM standard number, shown in ASTM D2000. The SECOND SUFFIx -ER
establishes the test temperature as shown below.
SECOND SUFFIX NUMBER
SUFFIX LETTERS
Letter
10
A
.
B
c
D
EA
EF
EG
F
G
H
J
K
M
N
P
R
z
‘lestTemperature
Test Required
Heat Resistance
Compression Set
Ozone or Weather Resistance
Compression-Deflection Resistance
Aqueous Fluid Resistance
Fluid Rs sistance (Other than aqueous
or lubricants)
Oil (lubricants) Resistance
Low Temperature Resistance
Tear Resistance
Flex Assistance
Abrasion Resistance
Adhesion
Flammability Resistance
Impact Rs sistance
Staining, Resistance
Resilience
Any special requirement, which shall
be specified in detail
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
O
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
●
I
B-19
2750c
2500c
2250C
2000C
1750c
1500c
1250c
100°C
70°C
3*OC
(5250F)
(4800F)
(4400F)
(4000F)
(3500F)
(3000F)
(2600F)
(212°F)
(1600F)
(1ooOF)
23°C (
Ambient,
23°C (
O°C (
..1OOC (
750F)
outdoor
75°F)
32°F )
~50F)
‘l~C
-250c
-350c
( -OOF)
(-~30F)
(-300F)
-4o0c
-500c
-550C
(-400F)
(-600F)
(-670F ).
-650c
(-850F)
-750c (-lIJOOF)
-800c (-1100F)
~
MII!-HDBK-149E
APPENDIX
DATA
C
SHEETS
The fol lowing data sheets describe the polymers and their attributes, and
lists pertinent physical and mechanical p~operties of typical rubber compounds
It must not, however, be assumed that
of the most commonly used elastomers.
from a given compound optimum values can be obtained for all the properties.
For this reason, it should be again emphasized that in the final compound
selection the aid of a rubber technologist is most valuable, and that
prototype testing is necessary to obtain definite values for the behavior of
the rubber after the part has been formed. Part geometry must be considered,
along with expected part performance, in selecting a rubber compound for a
specific application in a specific atmosphere or environment.
The data sheets are not uniform with respect to the properties as the
availability of data from the manufacturers of different rubbers was not
The application of metric units required duplication of some
standardized.
and
tables and charts, which are identified as “S1”, Systeme International,
are based on standard conversion tables, such as ASTM Standard E380, “Standard
for Metric Practice, ” and SAS Recommended Practice, SAE J916, “Rules for SAS
Use of S1. (Metric) Units. “
The physical and mechanical properties shown herein have keen extracted frOm
See Table I and the Trade Name Index in
manufacturer’s technical literature.
ApPendix D for product identification and manuf acturer’s names.
c-1
KIL:.HD13K-149B
. .. .. . ..
APPE.NDI.X,C,
.,:
.
INDEX
DATA SHEET
NUMBER,,,
OF
DATA SHEETS
RUBBER POLYMER
PAGE
1 ,.>
AC RYLONITRILE BUTADI~E ,.NBR . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
c-4
2+.
ACRYLONITR2LE
.
.
.
.
.
c-9
3,
BRO140 BUTYL , BIIR. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.. .
.
.
.
.
C-n
4
BUTADIENE , BR . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
C-13
5
BUTYL, IIR . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
C-15
6
CAR80XYLIC NITRILE BUTADIENE, XNBR . .
.
.
.
.
.
C-19
7
CHLORO BUTYL, CIIF . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
c-22
8
CHLOROPOLYETHYLENE ,
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
$ C-24
9
cHD3RCPRENE,, CR. ... . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
c-26
10
C~OROSULFONATSD
.
.
.
.
.
.
C-29
11
EPICHLOROHYORLN ELASTOMERS , CO &
ECO. . . . . .
C-31
12
LTHYLSNE PROPYLENX COPOLYMER, EPN . . . . . . . .
c-33
13
ETHYLENE PROPYLENE DIENE MODIFIED, EPDM . . . . .
c-34
14
FLUOROCARBON, CFM&FKM.
C-36
15
PEFCFLUOROELASTOMSR,
16
FLUOROSILICCNE,
17
NATOFAL FWBBER,NR . . .. .
18
PHOSPHONITRILIC FLUOROELASTONER,
19
POLYACR~TE,
20
POLYURETHANE, AU&
21
POLYSULFIDE, EAT ..”....
. . . . . . . . . .
c-53
22
PROPYLENE OXIDE, GPO....
. . . . . . . . . .
C-56
ISOP~NE , NIR . . . .. .
Cw . .
.
.
.
.
.
POLYETHYLENE, CSM .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
FFXN:
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
FVMQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
FZ . . . . . . .
C-3C
c-4 o
C-43
C-46
.
C-48
EU. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
c-so
.ACM: . . . . . .
c-2
. . . . . . .
hIL-HDBK- 149E
INDEX OF DATA SHEETS (continued)
DATA SHEET
NUMBER
PAGE
RUSBER POLYMSR
23
PYRIDINE BUTADISNE, PAR . . . . . . . . . . . . .
c-58
24
SILICONE RUBBEB, PMQ, P~’,
C-59
25
STYRENE BtiADIENE, SBR . .’“. . ‘. . . “. . . . “.‘.
c-63
26
STYRSNE ISOPRENE, SIR. . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘.
c-66
‘i-3
VMQ.
.“. . . . ‘. . .
.,,,, ,.
i
MIL-HEBK-149E
,. .,,
DATA
:, :
I
ASTM DESIGNATION
SHEET
NO.
1
ACRYLONITRILE BUTADIENE
NBli
,..
(,NITRILERUBBER)
.,.,
~
Nitrile. Rubber is a copoiymer of butadiene and acrylonitrile.
It is “a special purpose ru:ber used commercially in molding,
The greater the acrylonitrile
extruding, and calendering.
content, the greater the resistance to petrolewn oils, fuels,
“and solvents. The greater the butadiene content, the greater
the resilience and low temperature flexibiltiy.
General:
,.’.
:,.!
Aliphatic hydrocarbon:, hydroxyl c?mpO.unds# and acids. Heat
resistance in petroleh-based
Oils tO 300°F (15130
C), only
fair ozone and weathei, resistance. The latter may be improved
Good resistance
to petroleum
at sacrifice of oil resistance.
Notable
Assistance
Properties:
,,
,.
solvents.
Notable,
Mechanical
Properties:
Good abrasion resistance.
(1200C).
Useful
Temperature
.Sange:
Good dry heat properties,
25o0F
-~00 to +251J0F (-500 to +lz.O”c).
Electrical
Properties:
‘.
Applications:
Not as good as. other polymers.
Nachinery parts, hose, gaskets, diaphragms, oil-well drilling
equipment, shoesoles, solid tires, automotive equipment.
Identif icition: Burns readily - emits heavy smoke with very sickly, oily
odor. Residue is “a 61ightly tacky ash.
:’
NOTES
Aging, character sties are poor without ant ioxidants espec ia1lY in the presence
of metallic” peroxides “and impurities. ” Evidence of deterioration is hardening
and surface cracking. Nitrile rubber is, however, sxtrem.elY resPOnsiv@ tO
Cold flow +s somewhat greater than for natural
protection by antioxidant.
rubber. ~~
:,
,,
!., ,..::
c. ,
.. . .
. . ..
..
. .. .
.
. .-
C-4
MIL-HDEK-14$P
NBR
DATA SHEET NC. 1
(Continued)
PF&PEFTIES
Medium Acrylonitrile, General Purpose
Bardness,
Properties
300% Modulus, pSi
Ultimate Elongation, %
at Room Temperature
at 212°F
Compression Set, Method B, 70 hr at 2120F, g
Specific Gravity
liodulus of Elasticity, 0% Elongation, psi
Brittle Temperature, OF
Low Temperature Range for Rapid Stiff ening, ‘?F
Temperature at which Torsional Nodulus is
10 times at 700F, W
Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity, psi
at 122°F
at 212°F
Dynamic Fatigue Life*, Cycles x 103
Resilience
- Lupke Rebound, at 6S°F, %
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, in./in. -9
Dielectric Constant
Dielectric Strength, v/roil
Water Absorption, 70 hr at 2120Fs~, %
Power Factor
25% Reducticn of Tensile Strength for
158°F Service, weeks
Vulcanization Shrinkage, %
Durometer
60
2500-3500
300-400
1800-4000
500-1700
600-700
15
1.2-1.3
300-550
-44 to -49
+30 to -2fJ
350-700
?5-125
20
1.2-1.3
400-550
-20 to -30
+30 tc -lo
-19 to -37
-lo te -37
277
145
500-2500
34-38
10-12
15-20
230-280
5-11
310
207
3000
25-29
15-25
2.0
,’
15-20
250-2eo ~.
5-11
3.0-’3.0
30
1.7
LOW Acrylonitrile, LOW Temperature Nitrile Rubber
Hardness, Durometer A
Properties
40
60
50
70
‘lensile Strength, psi
30% Modulus, psi
Compression Set,
70 hr at 2120F, $
Tear Assistance, lb/in.
Resilience, R.T., %
Low Tswperature
Brittleness, ~
Specific Gravity
Volume Change, 70 hr
at 2120F in ASTM
No. 3 oil, %
A
50
80
1230-18s0
400-450
550-680
1270-2000
860-960
500-600
1250-2100
330-400
400-520
980-2270
28O-3OO
310-.500
1300-2600
23-25
105
28-42
18-30
215
26-37
16-33
250
23-31
20-32
270
21-29
26-32
-40
1.20-1.46
-40
1.23-1.40
36
23
-40 to -80 -40 to -67 -40
1.10-1.13 1’.19-1.30 1.15-1.40
23
29
33
c-5
220-230
MIL-HDBK-149B
NBR
DATA SHEET NO. I
(Continued)
PROPERTIES. (Continued)
High Acrylonitrile,
Properties
LCW Temperature
,BrittleneSS, %?
Volume Change,
I.So-octane 168 hr
at R.T., %
High Aromatic Solvent Resistance Nitrile Rubber
,
Hardness, Duiometer A
40
50
60
‘
70
80
...
-14
to” -40 -7 to -37
5-IO
5-1o
--)to -3’7 -3 to -34 ,-1 to -36
5-1o
5-1o
7-11
FOOTNOl’ES:
‘Number of cycles after which flex-cracks become visible with pocket magnifier
(approximately 10X).
XAImer~ion
1 week at 6f!°F.
,.
,$,:..
,::.
.
c-6
●
MIL-HEBK-149B
NBR
DATA SHEET NO. 1
(Continued)
PROPERTIES - S1
Medium Ac rylonitrile, General Furpose
Hardness, Durorneter A
Properties
50
60
I
Tensile
Strength,
MPa
17.24-24.13
Modulus, hPa
at Room Temperature
at 100°C
Compression Set, Method B, 70 hr ‘at 1000c, %
Specific Gravity
Modulus of.Elasticity, 0% Elongation, MPa
Brittle Temperature, OC
Low Temperature Range fcr Rapid Stiffening, Oc
Temperature at which Torsional Nodulus is
10 times at 20°c, oc
Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity, MPa
at 500c
at 1000c
Oynamic Fatigue Life*, Cycles x 103
Resilience - Lupke Rekmund, at 20°C, %
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, nun/mm-OC
Dielectric Constant
Dielectric Strength, N/mm
Water Absorption, 70 hr at 1000c**, %
Power Factor
25% Reduction of Tensile Strength for
70°C Service, weeks
300%
I
.12.41 -27.58
2.07-2.76
3.45-11.”72
600-700
15
1.2-1.3
2.07-3.79
-42 to -45
-1 to -29
350-700
95-125
20
1.2-1.3
2.76-3.79
-29 “to -34
-1 to ‘-23
-23 to -38
-23 to -3~
l.g~
2.14
1.43
3000
25-29
1.00
500-2500
34-38
18-22
15-20
9055-11024
5-11
15-25
2.0
15-20
9843-11024
5-11
3.0-9.0
30
1.7
Low Acrylonitrile, Low Temperature Nitrile Rubber
Hardness, Durom.eter A
Properties
40
50
60
70
Tensile Strength, k4Fa
3O% Modulus, NPa
Compression Set,
70 hr at 100°C, %
Tear Resistance, N/m
Resilience, R.T. , %
Low Temperature
Brittleness, ‘C
Specific Gravity
Volume Change, 70 hr
at 10O°C in AS’TN
No. 3 Oil, %
60
8.48-12.96 8.76-13.79 8.62-14.48 6.76-15.65’ 8.96-17.93
2.76 -3.1O 5.93-6.62 2.28-2.76 1.93-2.07
500-600
400-520
310-500
220-230
550-680
23-25
18 375
28-42
20-32,
28 350
21-29
26-32
-40 to -62 -40 to -55 -40
1.10-1.13 1.19-1.30 1.15-1.40
-40
1.20-1.46
-40
1.23-1.40
23
36
23
1.9-30
22 575
26-37
29
16-33
26 250
23-31
33
,,
c-7
MIL-HDBK-149B
DATA SHEET NO. 1
(Continued)
NBR
PRoPERTIES - S1 (Continued)
Low Acrylonitrile,
PrOpe*ies
Low Ter,perature
Brittleness, ‘C
Volume Change,
Iso-octane 168 hr
at R.T., %
40
Low Temperature Nitrile Rubber
50
60
70
●
80
-25 to -40 -22 to -38 -22 to -38 -20 to -36 -17 to -3S
5-1o
5-1o
5-1o
5-1o
7-11
Wumber of cycles after which flex-cracks become visible with pocket magnifier
(approximately 10X).
•*I~ersiOn
1 week at 20°C.
‘,1
C-8
●
MIL-HDEK-14’3B
DATA SHEET NG . ,?
ASTM DESIGNATION
ACi7YLG~ITRILE-ISOPAINE
NIR
General:
Notable
Resistance
Properties:
Notable
Mechanical
Properties:
Acrylonitrile-I soprene rubber has the same oil resistance ,as
acrylonitrile butadiene rubber. It has advantages in some
processing over acrylonitrile butadiene rubber in that it c,an.
be broken down somewhat like natural rubber and has a higher
green strength. NIR is characterized with a high gum strength
and a high permeability to gasses.
Very good oil resistance.
friction as bad as NBR.
Dces” not “glaze’” harden’ under
High gum tensile strength (over 3100 psi or over 21.37 MPa ).
Very good hot tear resistance. Highly impermeable to gasses.
Can be made into compositions with harnesses
from ve~ soft
20 Durometer A, to hard rubber (ebonite) .
Useful Temperature
-ZOO tc +2500F (-300 to +120°C).
Range:
Applications:
Oil resistant cut thread, oil resistant roll covering, oil
resistant sponge, cork gasketting, ebonite and blends with NBR
(for better cold resistance than NIR alone) and blends with
Used where bstter oil resistance of NER is
polycbloroprene.
needed with better tack or gum tensile.
Unsuitable:
For use with ketones such as acetone or aromatic kolvents.
Not suitable for low temperature applications, below -200F
(-300c) .
10
C-9
I
NIL-HEBK-149B
●
NIR
DATA SHEET N@. 2
{Continued)
POLYMER PROPERTIES
AcryIonitrile-i soprene polymer
Light tan
0.98
None
24 months
Composition
Color.
Specific Gravity
Odor
She lf Life
I
TYPICAL CONPODND PROPERTIES
.,
Ha rdriess, Duromet er A
Tensile Strength
Elongation at Break
Tear Strength
Room Temperature
2500F (lZOOC).
c~Pr&6~ion
Set,, ASlT4 D395, “Me~hod k:j.: ‘,;:.
70 hr at 212°F (lOO°C)
Aebound Goodyear-Healey.
.
.
Low Temperature
“Brittle Point
Aged’in ASTM #3 oil, 70 hr at
“..
212°F (lOO°C)
:
Hardness Change
Tensile Change
Elongation Change
Volume Change
Aged in ASTM Fuel B, 70 hr at
.>
Room Temperature
Hardness Change
T,ensile,Strength Change
Elongation Change
Volume Change
c-lo
62
3160 psi (21.79 MPa)
590%
280 ppi (49,035N/m)
.,150ppi (26,270 N/n!)
‘27%
40%
’19W
+1
-g~
-17%
+7%
-14
-45%
-2’s%
+23%
(.28°c)
MIL-HrJBK-14?B
DATA SHEET NO. 3
ASTM DESIGNAI,ION
BRGMO 6U1’YL FUBBER
BIIR
}
General:
Notable
Resistance
Properties:
Notable
Necbanical
Properties
1
I
Bromo butyl is a butyl rukber which incorporates 1-3.5%
bromine in the polymer. This accelerates curing (economy) and,
allows the modified butyl to be blended with other synthetics
and natural rubber. Such mixtures reduce the gas permeability
and increase the ozone resistance of natural rubber and SBR.
Same
as
kutyl,
heat
resistant
tc
3500F
(1750c ).
Retains tensile strength and elongation properties after heat
aging; low compression set; low temperature flegibility;
excellent dynamic propertied; scorch safety; fast curing; long
term intermediate heat stability, 350°F (175°C) .
Electrical
Properties:
Equal or superior to unmodified buty 1 rubber.
Applications:
Electrical insulators, curing bags, gaskets, tires.
Unsuitable:
For direct inmersion in petroleum fuels or lubricants.
Fil 1er and
Reiti orc ing
Agents:
SAF black compounds provide best ambient physical properties
and their retention after aging: 50% part loading provides
opt imum results.
Useful Temperature
-5o0 to +3500F (-45° to 175°C) .
Rsnge:
C-n
,;;
.
MIL-HDBK-149E
‘,
..
.
BIIR
DAT’A SHEET NC. 3
(Continued)
.
.
.
PRoPERT~ES
Tensile Strength, R.T. , psi
21?°F, psi
Tensile Strength
Elongation,
Elongation
R..T. , %
2120F,
%
1150-2600
.,
500-1670
230-940
1000
modulus, R.T. , psi
300% modulus 212°F, psi ,
Tear Strength (crescent) , R.T. ,.lb/in.
Tear Strength (crescent) , 2120F, lb/in.
Compression Set, %
;22 hr at.158°F
.’.
70.h; at 212°F
.,
Ozone Resistance ~ O.5 ppm
.1000F 50% e~ten~i~n, days to’ visible cracking
300%
+
210
250-1~00
100-1420
50-75
90-360
37-300
26-56
53-82
4-60
PROPERTIES - S1
Tensile Strength, R.T. , MPa
Tensile Strength 1000c, MPi
Elongation, R.T. , %
Elongation 1000c, %
300% modulus, R.T. , MPa
300% modulus 1000c, Mpa
Hardness, Duromet er A
Tear Strength (crescent) , R.T. , N/m
Tear Strength (crescent) , 100°C, N/m
Compression Set, .%
22 br at 700c
70 hr at 100°C
Ozone Resistance - 0.5 ppnl
380c 50% extension, days to visible cracking
-‘C-12
7.65-17.93
3.45-11.51
230-940
1000 + 210
1.72-74.48
0.69-9.79
50-75
15,761-63,045
6,480-52,538
26-56
53-82
4-60
MIL-HDKK-149B
DATA SHEFT NO. 4
ASTM DESIGNATION
BUTADIENE RUBBER
Bli
General:
This rubber is used most frequently as a blend with other
The biggest use is for tire tread. It does have
polymers.
other specia 1ized uses.
Notable
Resistance
Properties:
L@w temperatures.
It enhances the low temperature properties
of the other polymers with which it is blended. When used
alone it can be made to remain nonbrittle at -1000F
(-730c). Water resistant.
Notable
Mechanical
Properties:
It improves the
High resilience. High abrasion resistance.
abrasion resistance and resilience of other polymers with which
it is blended.
Applications :
The major use of this is for tire tread rubber. Also used in
low temperature gaskets, molded golf balls, molded products
requiring low heat ‘hi id-up and good abrasion resistance.
High resilience mountings.
Very low temperature applications.
Unsuitable:
For items reauiring oil resistance, unless as a minOr
For
polymer.
component in a blend with an oil resistant
continuous use above 212°F (lOO°C) .
‘o
I
C-13
MIL-H12BK-149B
BR,
..
.
.
DATA
.
SHEET
NC.
4
(Continued)
POLYMER
PROPERTIES
Specific Gravity
Appearance
Cis 4 Content
,,
~’?
0.91
Buff to Light Brown
90% +
:.
..
COMPOUND Properties
Tensile Strength, R.T. , psi
.,
,
(hiPa)
Low Temperature Brittle Point, ‘F (°C)
Goodyea r-~ealy Rebound z %
Nat icnal Bureau of Standa rdfi
Abrasion Revolutions to 0.10 inch
(2.5 mm) wear
Volume Change after 10 days in boiling water, %
,.
:,
.
.,,
!,..!
.’
..
. ..
.,
,.
,’
...
,.(.
,.
C-14
1100 to 2900
(7.58 to 19.99)
300 to 600
E.elow -100 (-73)
About 60
151,300
1
hlL-H126K- 49B
DATA
SHEET
NO.
BUTYL RUBBER
ASTN DIZSIGNATICN
IIR
I
~
General:
Butyl rubber is a versatile general purpose nonoil resistant
rubber, consisting mainly of two monomers, isobutylene and
isoprene, which are made to react at the low temperature of
‘140°F (-96°C) . Proportions of isoprene vary from low,
for good ozone and chemical resistance, to higher proportions
for achieving a tighter cure.
Notable
Resistance
Good resistance to ozone and weather, strong acids, salt
solutions, alkalis, silicate and phosphate-type hydraulic
fluids, alcohols, esters, ketones, animal and vegetable oils.
Best rukker for resitance to dilute mineral acids.
Properties:
Notable
Mechanical
Properties:
Useful
Temperature
Range:
Electrical
Properties:
Goocl abrasion resistance. Good tear resistance. Good heat
Ve W low
resistance. High damping characteristics.
permeability to gases (8 times better than natural rubber)”.
Cnly fair compression set characteristics.
+00
to +s500F (-45° tO +175°c) -
Excellent dielectric and insulation properties.
Applications:
Inner tubes, hoses, shock absorbers, power cables, bellows,
wini!cw seals, weather strip, conveyor ‘belts, tractor tires,
pedal pads, and engine components.
Unsuitable:
For direct immersion in petroleum (mineral) fuels or
Not flame
lubricants. Not compatible with other polymers.
resistant.
Fillers and
Re infcrc ing
Agents:
Carbon
tear
blacks
resistance.
- increase
Talc
radiation resistance,
improved electrical characteristics.
modulus,
-
Identification : Burns readily with tacky residue, melts; slow rebound
characteristics.
C-15
5
MIL.-HDBK-149B
DATA
IIR
SHEET
NO.
(continued)
NC?TES
Butyl Rubber
Butyl rubber is suitable for extrusioris, Calendering, and molding.
high Temperatur,& Eutyl Rubber
,,
Specially compounded butyl ,mbber which has been’cured by resins or other
specialized ‘nonsulfur methcds exhikits superior high temperature characteristics. It is manufactured in a hardness range of 45 to 80 Durometer A.
High temperature butyl compounds can > exposed to 350W (175CC) for
sustained perio6s, and compression set for these compounds at 300°F
(150°C) ia only one-fourth that of straight’ butyls, making the rubkr
suitable for gaskets. and O-rings where compatible fluids are used.
High temperature butyl hose has withstcod 450°F (230°C) superheated steam
for one month.
(No butyl will withstand wet steam. ) It can withstand 5O%
nitric acid up to 1500F (660c) ; and 3500F (175°C) dry heat for
sustained periods.
Resi6tarice to heat aging at 275°F (1350c’) for 13 days:
Tenkile stre~gth - 50% of room temperature. test value
Elongation - 55% of rocm temperature test value
Hardness - +12 Durometer A points from room temperature value
Ccmpres&ip
set of high temperature butyl is superior to other butyls (see
Figure 24) .
c-16
5
MIL-HDBK-149B
OATA SHEET NO, 5
IIR
(conti n.ed )
PROPERTIES
GeneralPUP! e, Carban Olack Reinforced Butyl Rubber
Ha
Pmaperti es
.!0
psi
Tensile Strength,
Ultim6te Elongation, %
100% ,)bdulus, psi
300s #o&l us, psi
Tear Strength, lb/in.
Specif f c Gravity
Compression Set
22 hr at 158”F, %
Brittle
Point. ‘F
LQ. Tanperature
Stiffness,
“F
OynamicFatfgue Life,Cyclesx 103
Linear Coefffcimt
of Themal
Exoansi on, in. /in. -”F
Speciffc Heat
Wlcanizattm
shrinkage,
Prqwties
%
Tensile Strength. Psi
300% mdul us, psi
Elongation, %
Tear Resistance, Iblln.
590-3GQ0
400-810
90-260
I 60-660
06-272
1,11-1.21
13.19
-40 to -54
ot00+20
11-21
1.5-2. O
x 10-4
0.464
1.04
1.66
50
I1O-61O
110-340
3C0-530
31-150
1I o-52n
110-210
300-720
17-111
8utyl
T
490-3200
400-800
80-500
;;:jm:o
480-3100
260-750
140-810
;mw;o
1. I;. I.2’4
1.14-1.30
320-1280
570.202J3
264-532
1.23.1,30
14-22
14-30
13-32
Rubber
ess,6:mmter
w
40
Hardness Rmge. Dummter A
Tm%i 1e strength, psi
300% modulus, psi
ultimate Elm.gat ion, Z
Diel ectr+c Constant
wile, Facto.
,
d.c. Resiscivity,
ohn-cm
Dielectric
StrenTth, vmil
!4ater Absmotim,
135W19 days. maim {n,
70
80
I
Hardness, OurCmete A
50
55
390-460
1610-1950
:80-635
$:;:90
54-63
25-35
680-800
24-31
57-64
952-1149
27-36
918-930
20-25
62
I 359
23-36
27-34
1%0-1710
695-780
190-310
43-61
25-40
545-650
5.6-27
61-63
890-980
1820-2350
630-680
33-40
55-75
975-1850
275-700
535-675
2.74 - 4.47
0.37 - 5.0
2.0 - 6.1
580-1400
10-28
C-17
;:::xl#o
A
I
Properties
lend 1e Strength, psi
UI timate Elongation, %
3CQ%74WJJ1
US, psi
Resil fence at 71aF (Yemley),
:
Relative O ping at 77° F (Yerzley),
z
Qynm+c k Yulus at 77°F (Yerzley),
Psi
Reslie.ce at 32aF (Yerzlc. y), :
Relat+ve Gaming at 32°F (YeI.zley). %
PSI
OY..mI{C ~dulus at 32°F (’ferzley),
CCWreSSf On Set. MhOd B,
22 h. at 158-F, Z
80
1.85
H4
40
Htgh-~
A
70
1150-2000
680-840
60-250
90-580
144-202
1.12-1.15
at 212SF
!ss. epmrneter
50
I
1.
I
MIL-HDBK-149B
OATASHERNO.
[lR
5
(continued)
PROPERTIES - Sr
Gene?aI P.tmm..
.
~ Properties
Tensile Strength, HPa
ultimate Elongation, z
1003 Mdulus, MPa
,,
300% 16Mllus. llPa
Tear Resistance at 25-C, Wm
Soecific Gravity
Compression Set
22 h. at WC, :
8rittle
Pofnt, “C
Lon Temperature Stiffness, ””C
Oynamic Fatigue Life,
Cycles x 103
Linear Coefficient
of Themal
ExpansiO”, rnn/rmB-OC
Specific Heat
Vulcanlzati.an Shrinkage, 5
Properties
at loo-c
300: !fodul”s, uPa
Elongation, :
Tear Resistance, (WI
Caroon “81ack Uefnforcea
B.tvi
Hatineis,
“
40
50’
Rubber
D.mnetw
A
70
80
3.31-21.37
260-750
0.97-5.58
2.07-0.76
23,117-99,822
1,14-1.30,
6.83-16.55
190-620
2.21-8.83
3,93-14.34
46,233-93,167
1.23-1.30
14.30
13-32
60
4.07-20.58
400-810
7.93.13.79
680-840
0.41-1.72
0.62-4.00
25,216-35,376
1.12.1.15
3.38-22.06
40G-800
0.62-1.79. 0.55-3.4s
1.03.4.5s
2.07-6.89
15,061-47,634
19,964-89,315
1.11.1.21
1,13-1.20
13-19
-40 to +
-18 to -7
11-21
19-22
1.66
1.85
J3000
2.7-3 .6x10-4
0.464
1.04
A
Kardness, ymter
40
50
0.76-4.00
0.76-1,45
300-720
2,977.19,499
0.76-4.21
0.76-2.34 ‘.
300-5s0
5,429-26,269
70
1.72-11.17
0.83-4.21
1.38-9.79
1.38-6.83’
;:;;::1
;?;;?7
,4s7
80
1.72-10.96
1.72-8.76
,284
;!;;;!2
, 53a
High-OanQ 8utyl. Rubbe?
Pvwert i es
Ao
10.89-11.79
695-780
1.91.2.14
43.61
Tensile Strength, HPa
ultimate Elongation, :
300: Modulus, MPa
Resilience at 25-C (Yerzley, :
Relative OauOinq at 2S°C (Yepzley),
:
w%
DY.amjc Ihd.lus at 25-C(Terzley),
Resilience at O-C (Ye?zley),
:
Re[atfve Oampi”q at O-C (Yerzley].
!
Dyn~.fc I,tid.lus at O-C (YerzlnY), HPa
8),22h.at70-C,
;
CcWPVeSSlO”Set (Method
Electrical
Hard”ess Range, Ourcu,cte. A
100: I?oeul”s, Wa
ultimate El O”.g.3ti0”, 2
3ielectric
Constant
Power Fact.or
d.c. Resistivity.
oim-cm
Dteleccric Strmgth,
Vhn
:+ater Rbso,pt ion, S7-C - 19 days, nq/cm2
Hardness, 2uromter
so
12.55-16.20
630-680
2.69-3.31
54-63
A
55
II.1O-I3.46
580-635
3.31-3.38
54.5a
2s-40
2S-35
27-36
3.76-4,48 4,69-5.52 6.33-6.55
5.6 - 27
61-63
6.14-6.76
13.40
Grade 8.tyl
Rubber
55-75
6.72-)2.75
1.90-.!.83
535-675
2.74-4.47
0.37- 5.0
2.0 - 6“,1
22,934-55,118
1.55-4.34
,,
C-18
24-31
57-64
:i:;i7 ,92
20-25
62
9.37
27-34
NIL-HDEK-149B
DATA sHEET NO. 6
ASTM DESIGNATION
Cld/sOX~IC ACRYLONITRILE BUTADIENE
KNBR
General:
Carboxylic elastomer is a medium high acrylonitrile copolymer
which bas been modified to include carboxylic groups in the
polymer chain. It has high basic gum strength and high
hardnass without excessive loading. It is nonstaining.
Notable
Resistance
Properties:
Naintains good physical properties at.elevated
temperature s,and has good low temperature characteristics,
’50 to +4000F(-460 to ZOCOC).
Notable
Mechanical
PrOpe*ies:
Outstanding abrasion resistance, good tear resistance
at 200°F (95°C).
Notable
Good oil and fuel resistance.
Chemical
Properties:
●
Applications:
Gaskets, C-rings, packings, pump parts, belting, solid tires,
weather stripping, gun grips, and other mechanical goods.
Unsuitable:
In aromatic solvents such as benzene, toluene, or xylene.
ketones such as acetone or methyl ethyl ketone.
C-19
In
MIL-HDBK-149B
XNBR
DATA SHEET NC. 6
(Continued)
POLYMER PROPERTIES
SPECIFIC’ GRAVITY 0.98
COMPOUND PRCPEETIES
Properties
60
(MPa)
100% Modulus, psi
(hPa)
300% Modulus,. psi
(mPa )
Compression Set Method B, %
?O hr at 212°F (1000c)
22 hr at 335°F (168°C)
Properties at 250W (I21oc)
(MPa)
“Ultimate Elongation, %
Tear Resistance, lb/in.
(N/m)
Ozone Resistance
25 pphm at 12(1°F (49°C)
unde~ 20% stretch
Brittle Temperature, q (°C)
T5, ~ (°C)
Volume Change
ASTM No. 1 Oil
48 hr at 212% (1000c)
ASTM No. 3 Oil
48 hr at 2120F (1000C)
70 hr at 3500F (’1770c)
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
4S hr at room temperature
Benzene
48 hr at room temperature
Water
70 hr at 2120F (IOOOC)
Air Pezmeabilitv. (standard
.
Temperature and Pressure tils
ft3/ft2 psi day x 103)
70
2340-2490
(16.13-17.17)
.540-600
210-320
(1.45-2.21)
1300
(8.96)
so
2640-2880
(18.20-19.86)
27O-3OO
490-550
(3.38-3.79)
3680-3880
(25.37-26.75)
250-300
1350-1870
(9.31-12.?29)
2400-2500
(16.55-17.24)
34
11
20
70
980
(6.76)
350
70
(12,,259)
No crack in 47
840
(5.79)
160
so
(14,010)
hr
226o
(15.58)
29o
120
(21,015)
1 crack in 190 hr
-70 (-57)
23 (-5)
o
+25
+25
+23
+23
+17
+14 - +21
+143
+152
+7
+5
+12
0.273
C-20
.
NIL-HDBK-149B
DATA SHEET NO. 6
(Continued )
XNEE
COMPOUND PROPERTIES
Properties
Dynamic PrOpe*ies
at 20%
Deformation
Static Modulus of Elasticity,
psi
(NPa)
Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity, psi
(NPa )
Resilience, Yerzley, %
Air Age 70 hr 250°F (1210c)
Tensile Change, %
Ultimate Elongation Change
Hardness Change, Durormeter
A points
60
80
1520
(10.48)
4480
(30.e9)
67
-58
-73
-15
-50
-19
-53
+3
+3
+3
‘o
●
Hardness, Ourometer A
70
C-21
‘MIL-I’NX!K-149B
DATA SHEET NO. 7
..
ASTN ,.
DESIGNATION
CHLORG BUTYL RUBBER
CIIR
Genera”i:
Chloro. butyl rubber “i; chemically similar to bromo butyl, and
e,qually co~patible, with other rubbers. Eecause a wide variety
of vulcanization methods ar’e available, this rubber possesses
a Potentially wide. range of physical properties expected of a
good general pu~ose rubber, suitable for molding, extrusion,
and calendering.
,,
Notable
Assistance
Properties:
Exceptional ozone resistance; can b blended with oil
Good
resistant rubbers such as nitrile and chloroprene.
resistance to “chemicals.
Notable
Mechanical
Properties:
High tensile and tear strength with carbon black
reinforcement, good adhe”sion to metals, low compression set,
Exhibits low temperature and damping
low gas permeability.
properties similar to those of unmodified butyl rubber.
Useful
Temperature
Range:
-500 to +3500F (-45° to +177°C)
Applications:
Gaskets, couplings, ‘ring seals, brake boots, vibration
dampersi hoses, conveyor belts, liners aridother products
where only a sma?l degree of oil resistance (splashing) is
required.
,,
,.
Unsuitable:
For direct .imr$rsion oil applications.
....
.,
c-22
CIIR
DATA SHEET NC. 7
(Continued)
PROPERTIES
Tensile
Ultimate
Strength,
Elongation,
50
60
40
l?roperties
psi
%
300% Modulus, psi
Compression Set
TO hr at 212°F, %
Abra”sion Resistance
Gas Permeability
70
850-1450
1900-2750
lEOO-2600
1760-2630
870-E$95
645-745
4eo-715
420-620
250-280
85-100
720-790
285-395
e75-1300
29S-415
looo-14eo
265-415
Less than 20
Slightly greater loss than conventional butyl’
Same as butyl
PROPERTIES - S1
I
‘“o
Properties
Tensile Strength,
NPa
3006 Modulus, MPa
Tear Resistance,
N/m
COnpressiOP Set
76 hr at 100°C,
%
Abrasion Resistance
Gas Fexmeability
40
50
‘“
60
70
5.86-10.00
13.10-18.96
12.41-17.93
12.13-18.13
870-895
1.72-1.93
645-745
4.96-5.45
480-715
6.03-8.96
420-620
6.E9-10.2O
14,866-17,513
49,911-69,175
51,662-72,678
46,409-72,678
Less than 20
Slightly greater loss than conventional butyl
Same as butyl
c-23
.,,
NIL-HDB~-149B
DATA SHEET NO. 8
AsT1l DESIGNATION
CHLOROPCLYETHYLENE
CM
General:
Chlorinated
has
had
cross
polyethylene
chlorine
linked
“rubber.”
is
inserted
in
the
plastic,
varying
polyethylene,
amounts.
When
which
this
is
peroxides or other means, it becomes a
It’can easily be made in colors.
by
Notable
Resistance
Properties:
Resists aromatic fuels in the same range as polychloroprene (in lower chlorine level polymers) to the same range as
acrylonitrile butadiene (in higher chlorine level polymers).
Resists strong mineral acids, strong bases, alcohols, organic
acids including concentrated acetic acid. Weather and ozone
resistant.
Notable
Mechanical
Properties:
Hardness, Duron!eter A, can hs varied from 55 to 95.
Tensile to 3000 psi (20.68 MPa).
Flexible down to,-600F (-500c).
Low resilience.
Flame resilience.
Good flex resistance.
Electrical
Properties:
Good insulator. .Cam be used directly over copper and can M
adhered to metal conductors.
.Useflll
Temperature
F.ange:
-6o0 to 3500F (-50° to 175°C)
Applications:
Wire and cable covers and insulation, chsmical hose.
Unsuitable:
For high resilience applications.
c-24
●
I
MIL-HDBK-149B
sHEET NO. F
(Continued)
CM
DATA
POLYMER PROPERTIES
I
Specific Gravity
Form
1.16 to 1.25 (Depending on chlorine content)
Powder
TYPICAL PROPERTIES
Tensile
Ultimate Elongation
Hardness, Durometek A
Volume Change
16e hr at 3000F (1500c)
Flammability
Limiting oxygen
Index ASTM D2863
After Aging 166 hr
in Air at 3000F (1500c)
Tensile
Ultimate elongation
2700 psi (16.62 MPa)
350%
70
+50 to +65%
29% 02
2400 psi (16.55 NPa)
300%
c-25
MIL+CBK-149B
DATA SHEET NC. 9
ASTM
cHLOROPFENE RUBBER
DESIGNA’i’ION
Cil
General
:
Polychloroprene (Neoprene), is a general purpose synthetic made
by emulsion polymerizing’ chloroprene.
Chloroprene itself is
prepared by reacting hydrogen chloride with monovin~l
acetylene and acetylene. ,
Notable
~sistance
PrOpert les:
Notable
Good resistance to acids, gasoline, lube oils, animal
and vegetable oils, oxidation, ozone, and weather.
High tensile strength, tear resistance, abrasion resistance,
adhesion to metal and fabric, good rebound characteristics.
Mechanical
Properties:
Useful
Temperature
Range:
’500 to +250°F (-450 to +120 CC)
Electrical
PrOpe*ies:
Fair insulation, good dielectric strength.
Applications:
Transmission belts, hoses, industrial tires, seals, O-rings,
coating for metals, mechanical goods, and paint additive.
Unsuitable:
For use where water absorption is a factcr.
Identification: Does not support combustion, e“mits sharp odor while burning,
residue after burning is.black ash.
NOTES
Creep under compressive loads occurs mostly, within the first 10 days.
that additional creep is. slight.
After
design, compression-deflection
of chloroprene should not
For conservative
exceed 15% uncompressed thickness, and shear deformation should be limited to
“50% of the thickness.
Crystallization occws in the 00 to 30CF (-18° to -l°C) temperature
range, as evidenced by considerable stiffening. This does not imply a
brittleness.
Crystallization is reversible when the rubber is wsrmed.
Brittleness ~curs
atlow
temperature;
-400 to -600F (-400 to -500c).
..
,-
c-26 :
●
MIL-HDBK-149E
DATA SHEET NO. 9
(Continueti)
CR
PROPERTIES
~
4a
Properties
I
I
I
I
●
I
300% Modulus, psi
Compression Set, Method B
22 hr at 1580F, %
Specific Gravity
Nodulus of Elasticity,
O% Elongation, psi
Brittle ‘Temperature, ‘F
Low Temperature Range for Rapid
Stiffening, W
Comparative Resilience (Natural
Rubber = 100%), %
at room temperature
at 200°F
Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity
at 320F
at 122°F
at 212°F
Dynamic Fatigue Life*,
Cycles
x 103
Shear Modulus at 30%
Deflection, psi
l~80F
700F
o@r’
Thermal Conductivity,
Btu-in. /ft2 ‘h‘°F
.. .
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion.
in./in. -q
Water Absorption, 168 hr at
6s0P, ~
Power Factor, %
Time to 2S% Rsd. of Tensile
Strength for 158° Service,
weeks
Specific Heat
Hardness, Gurometer A
50
65
2s00
150-300
850-1050
2200
750
3400
650-1100
550-750
14
1.24
20
1.37
11
1.40
200-400
-38 to ’45
-38 to -45
400-700
-38 to -45
+10 to -20
+10 to -20
+10 to -20
95
110
1313
76
69
495
143
119
3000
554
212
175
3000
64
65
69
97
107
145
120
127
153
0.08
O.oe
O.oe
11-12 x 10-5
350
11-12 x 10-5
11-12 x 10-5
350
1.6 - 2.2
18 - 20
25
0.4 - 0.5
2
18 - 20
0.5 - 1.4
18 - 20
1.6
20
0.4 - 0.5
1.7
I
FocTNCTES :
“o
●Numker of cycles after which flex-cracks become visible with
pocket magnifier, approximately 10x.
C-27
NIL-HDBK-14?B
Cli
.,.
DATA
SHEET
NC.
(Continued )
PROPERTIES’ .-.S1
Properties
Tensile Strength, klpa
30 O% Modulus, hPa
Compression Set; Method B
22 hr at 700c, %
Specific Gravity
Modulus of Elasticity,
O% Elongation, NPa
Brittle !lemperature, oc
Low Temperature Range for Rapid
Stiffening, Oc
Comparative Resilience (Natural
Rubber = 100%), %
at room .telnperat”re
at 950c
Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity
at O°C
at 500c
at 10 OOc
Dynamic Fat igue Lif ew,
Cycles x 103
Shear !!a<,ulusat 30%
D’fl~::r,’
F
*~Oc
-~*0~
Thermal ‘Conductivity, W/m.K
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion,
mm/mun-Oc
7
Dielectric Strength, v/nun
200C, %
Power Factor, %
Time to 25% Red. of Tensile
Strength fcr 70°C Service;
Weeks .
Specific Heat
,,, ,. !,
FOOTNOTES :
40
50
65
~903fJ
15.17
1.03-2.07
850-105,0
750
14
1.24
20
1.37
1.38-2.76
-39 to -43
-3,9to -43
2.76 -4.~3
-39
-43
-12 ‘to -29
-12 to -29
-12 to -29
23.44
4.48 -7.5B
550-750
11
1.40
to
95
110
138
76
69
495
143
119
554
212
175
3000
3000
0.44,
0.’45
0.48
0.012
0.67
0.74
1.00
0.012
0.87
0.88
1.05
0.012
20-22 x 10-5
13,780
20-22 x 10-5
20-22 x 10-5
13,780
1.6 - 2.2
18”- 20
25
0.4 - 0.5
2
18 - 20
0.5 - 1.4
18 - 20
1.6
20
0.4 - 0.5
1.7
*Number of cycles after which flex-cracks become visible with
pocket magnifier, approximately 10X.
C-z@
9
●
MIL-HDEK-149B
DATA
sHEET
NC
10
ASTM DESIGNATION
CHIJ3ROSULFCNA’i’ED
POLYETHYLENE
CSM
General:
Chlorosulfonated polyethylene is produced by reacting
polyethylene with chlorine and sulfur dioxide. Although it is
clifficult to process and somewhat higher in cost, it
represents a special purpose elastomer with better high
temperature characteristics and higher strength “than
It is producible in light colors.
chloroprene.
Not able
Resistance
Properties:
Outstanding resistance to acids and strong oxidizing
agents such as sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide.
Good resistance to nonoxidizing chemicals such as ethylene
glycol, alkalis. Fair resistance to mineral oils, unaffected
by ozone even at elevated temperature.
Very good weather
resistance and does not support combustion.
Notable
Mechanical
Properties:
Relatively high strength, minimum practical hardness
without plasticizers is 60-65 Ourometer A, high modulus and
stiffness, excellent abrasion resistance, gocd flex-life,
suitable for molding, extrusion, or calendering.
Useful
Temperature
Range:
-~00 to +351)0F (-45° to +175°c) .
Electrical
Properties:
Intermediate between chloroprene and natural rubber.
Applications:
Spark plug boots, weather strip~ing, tank lining, tarpaulin
liners, colored mechanical goods for intermediate temperature
service, acid hose, and gaskets for ozcne generators.
Unsuitable:
For direct contact with gasoline and aromatic solvents.
NGTEs
Wkite or colored chlorosulf onated polyethylene rubber has’ lower tensile
strength, greater elongation, suffers more compression set and exhibits less
heat resistance.
Black compounds are classified in accordance with their application:
Water and Chemical Resistance
Maximum Heat Resistance
Lead Free Systems
c-29
MIL-HDBK-149B,
DATA sHEET NO. 10
(Continued)
,:
.’-,
PROPERTIES
Black compounds
,,
,,
,,. ,
Hardness, Lurometer A
‘“
,.’
,. .,, 60-95
Specific Gravity
1.12 -1. ze
g
2400~3800
Elongation, %
200-560
Tensile Strength at “2500F, psi
500
Elongation at 2500F, %
’60
500-1500
100% Nodulus, psi
200% Modulus, psi
1800-3400
Stiffening Point, E“= 10,000 psi, QF
-40
Brittleness Temperature, OF
-70
Compression Set (B), 70 hr”at 15P0F, %
Below. 20 (after post cure)
1013
D-C Resistivity, ohm-cm,
2 -3
Power Factor, %
400-750
,
vol~e Increase in,ASTM No. .3 oil,
~ 70 hr at 212°F, %
.,., 60-65
Volume Increase in Water, 28 days
at 158°F (Water Resistant C,pmpo”nd) %
2.5 - 4.4
145-260
PRGPEKTIES - S1
Black Compounds
Yiardness, Durometer A
Specific Gravity
Elongation, %
,,’
Tensile Strength at 1200c, NPa
Elongation at 120°c, %
100% Modulus, MPa
200% Modulus, MPa
Stiffening Point, E = 6@.95 MPa, ‘C
Brittleness Temperature, Oc
compression set (B), 70 hr at 70°C~ %
D-C Resistivity, ohm-cm
Power Factor, %
dielectric Strength, v/nun
.Volume Increase in ASTM No. 3 Oil,
‘
70 hr at 1000c, ~
Volume. Increase in Water, 28 days at 700c
(Water Resistant Compound), %
l’ear Resistance, N/m
60-95
1.12 - 1.28
16.55 .- 26.20
200-560
3.45 ‘“
60
3.45 - 10.34
12.41 - 23.44
-40
““
-57
Below 20 (after post cure)
1013
2-3
15,748 - 29,528
.,
60-65
2.5 - 4.4
25,393 - 45,533
MIL-HGBK- 149B
DATA
EPICHLOROhYORIN
ASTM DESIGNATION
SHEET
NG . 11
ELASTOMERS
co, l?co
General:
These elastomers can be homopolymers or copolymers, of
epichlorohydrin and ethylene oxide. The oil resistance is
similar to nitrile; the lcw ‘temperature flegibility, high
temperature aging, and ozone resistance are supericr to
,,
nitrile.
Notable
Will stand 40 days at 257°F (125CC) or 10 days at
3000F (150°C) and still be quite usable. Very ozone
resistant. Very resistant to oils; good resistance to
perchloroethylene.
Resistance
PrOpe*ies:
Useful
Temperature
Range:
Applications:
,,
-250 to +3000F {-30° to +150°C) .
Bushings,
boots,
tubing
and
other
mechanical
rubber
parts
which must resist heat up to 250°F (1200C) continuously
and to 300°F (1500C ) occasionally; also these same parts
if exposed to oil and ozone. Since this is a higher priced
polymer, its use is mainly where cbl@roprene or nitrile is not
satisfactory.
Unsuitable:
For exposure to aromatic solvents, such as toluene,
concentrated acid at high temperatures, or liquid organic
esters.
MIL-HDE!K-149B
co, Eco
DATA sHEET NO. 11
(Continued )
PoLYMSK PRCPESTIES
Properties
Hcmopolymer, CO
Specific Gravity
Chlorine Content, %
1.36
~38.4
Copolymer, CO
1.27
24
TYPIcAL COMPOUND PROPERTIES
Properties
Homopolyme r:
Tensile, psi
(MPa)
Elongation, %
Hardness, EWrometer A
Compression Set, ASlll D395, Method B
7(Jhr at 2120F (1OOCJC), %
Aged in Air, 70 hr at 3000F (1500c)
Tensile Change, %
Elongation Change, %
Hardness Change, Durometer A Points
AST1.INO. 1 oil, 70 hr at 300°F (1500C)
Tensile Change, %
Elongat io” Change, %
Volume Change, %
ASTM No. 3 ‘Oil, 70 hr at 300q’ (1500c)
Tensile Change, %
Elongation Change, 9
Hardneas Change, Durometer A Points
Volume Change, %
Volome Increase, ASTM Fuel B,
70 hr at room temperature, %
Brittle Point, ASTM D746, ,W (OC)
2300
(15.86)
260
60-80
1400-2200
(9.65-15.16)
200-700
50-70
20
20
-4
-24
+7
-21
-32
+3
+11
-14
+7
o
+8
-28
+4
0
o
-14
-3
+4.5
-1
-20
-3
+7.5
14
-o (-16)
19
-36 (-30)
.
c-3 2
Copolymer
●
I
I
hIL-EDBX-149B
DATA SHEET NC. 12
ASTP] DESIGNATION
ETHYLENE PROPYLSNE CCPOLYNSR
EPM
General :
This is a man-made rukber, a linear copolymer of propylene and
ethylene made by polymerizing alphaolefins with
stereo-specific (Ziegler) catalysts.
It is competitive with
natural as well as with other man-made rubbers.
Notable
Resistance
Properties:
Good resistance to acids, alkalis, hydraulic fluids,
ozone, aging, and sunlight. Exhibits very poor flame
resistance.
Notable
Mechanical
Compares well with nature 1 rubber, S)3R, and has good
low temperature mechanical properties, low hysteresis.
Properties:
Electrical
Good insulator.
Properties:
Applications:
General purpose, tires.
Unsuitable:
For exposure to aromatic hyd rocarkons and. a liphatic
hydrocarbons.
PROPERTIES
0.E5
Specific Gravity, Base Polymer
Specific Heat, Btu/lb-°F (J/kgK)
Themal Conductivity,
Btu. in./ft2-hr.0F (W/m-K)
Coefficient of Thermal Linear
Expansion, in./in.’%
(nUn/MIII-OC)
Tensile Strength, psi (MPa)
Elongation at Break, %
Dielectric Strength, V/roil (V/~).
Dielectric Constant
Rebound, %
at 600F (160c)
at 320F (00C )
at 150F (-90c)
at -4o0F (-400c)
0.52
(0.002)
0.21 (0:030)
10-4 (1.6 x 10-4)
60-65
2400-4000 (16.55-27.5S)
400-500
700 (27,560)
2.2
75-87
e3
4
20
c-33
Similar
Siqilar
Similar
Similar
to
to
to
to
Natural
Natural
Natural
Natural
Rubber
Rubbar
Rubber
Rubber
.
.“
MIL-HDBK-149B
DATA sHEET NG . 13
ASTM DESIGNATION
ETHYLENE PROPYLENE DIENE MODIFIED
EPDM
General:
This is a copolymer of ethylene and propylene which has been
modified by dienes to permit sulfur vulcanization.
It is
competitive in cost to natural rubber and styrene btitadiene
rubber.
,.
Notable
Resistance
Properties:
Notable
F.echanical
Properties:
Nearly impervious to ozone, oxygen, and weathering.
Very good resistance to heat and to steam up to 25o psi (1.72
MPa ). Resistant to ethyl alcohol, aniline, 10% sodium
hydroxide, and Skydrol 500 . Resistant to ketones such as
acetcne or.methyl ethy 1.ketone.
Resilience can be varied from 30% to 80%
(ASTM
similar to natural
rubber and, ty special compounding, can be made flexible to
-800F (-~~o(.).
Standard
DS45
) .
Lcw
temperature
properties
Electrical
Properties:
Good insulator. Dielectric co,nstant of 3, power factor of
Suitable for high
less than 1% when suitably compounded.
voltage application in wet or dry environments.
Applications:
Weatbexstrips, washing machine parts, engine and equipment
mount ings. Stesm gaskets. Electrical wire and cable
insulation and jacketing. Door seals. In tire sidewalls (as
a blend). Sponge. Diaphragms and gaskets.
Unsuitable:
For alipatic and aromatic hydrocarbons
It is not flane resistant.
solvents)
.
(petroleum oils and
NOTES
Good abrasion resistance.
Setains 60 percent of tensile
and
elongation
at
212°F
,(1000c)
.
Compression set is low and can be made very low by peroxide vulcanization at a
,
sacrifice in other properties.
An easy processing material on conventional
c-34
rubber making equipment.
NIL-tiDBK-149B
EPDkL
CATA SHEET NO. 13
(continued )
PROPERTIES
I
Tensile Strength
Elongation, %
Tear, Die B, lb/in. (N/m)
Compression Set, ASTM D395, Nethod B, %
22 hr at 1560F (700c), %
22 hr at 212°F (lOO°C), %
After aging in air 70 hr at 212°F (100°C)
Tensile Strength Change, %
Elcngaticn
Change, %
Hardness
Change,
Durometer
16 - 35 (Lower with peroxide cure)
50 - 75 (Lower with peroxide cure)
o to -lo
-5 to -30
+2
A points
c-35
I
2000 to 3000 (13.79 to 20.68)
300 to 500
50 to so
200 tc 260 (35,025 to. 45,533)
to
+5
-MIL-H;EK- 149B
,,7.
DATA
.,, ,
ASTM DEsIGNATION
CFM ; FKM
FLUOROCARBON ELASTOMERS
? ,.
Generai::
,.
,:
,.
; ,.,
Fluoro elastomers are synthetic polymers which contain varying
proportions of fluorine (,s?meme than 60 percent by weight) ,
which imparts a high degree of resistance to many hot solvents
and oils while retaining a fair proportion of room temperature
strength characteristics after prolonged heat aging.
Fabrication is easily’ accomplished by conventional equipment.
Off-white color of gum elastomer makes possible a wide color
choice.
Notable
P.esistance
Properties:
SHEET NO. 14
.
High ternperatu”re. Resistance to hot oils, lubricants, acids,
low swelling in alipathic and aromatic oils and chemicals,
Does not support combustion.
ozone and weathering.
Notable
Mechanical
Properties:
Low temperature properties only moderately good. Rapid
stiffening occurs at subzero temperatures but brittleness
is not reached until -40°F (-400c) , low compression set.
Electrical
Propeitiefii
Comparable with those of ieiectrical grade vinyl chloride
polymers, best for low-voltage, low-frequency where chemical
and thermal stability are required.
Applications:
Seals, diaphragms, insulators in applications where high
temperature, plus fluids are encountered and where high cost
is no deterrent.
Unsuitable:
For exposure to organic acids, ketones, aldehydes, and highly
polar fluids.
NOTES
Typical retention of strength’ after 28 days at 450°F (230°C) is 80 percent.
TYPical retentiOn Of e10n9ati0n after 28 days at 450°F (230°c) is 70
... ..
percent.
Typical retention of strength after 16 hours at 600@F (3150c ) is 40
percent.
l’ypical retention of ‘elcm’gaticmafter 16 hours at 6000F (3150c ) is 45
percent .......
.’.
~~
400-hr exposure to ozone concentration of 10,000 pptnn causes no cracking.
Low water absorption results in excellent retention of electrical properties.
Ks1-F * is the only fluoroelastomer which should be considered for red fuming
nitric acid (swells 64%) .
Kel-F may be suitable for use with JP4 fuel up to 400°F (2000C) if it is
not long term continuous axposure.
This section may be bent slowly without cracking at temperatures as low as
-500F (-46°C) .
Good molding and extrusion characteristics with moderate care to prevent air
entrapment since viscosity is higher than that of conventional polymers.
“’.’3636
●
r
NIL-HDBK-149E
DATA SHEST NC. 14
(continued)
CFM i FKM
Time to brittleness:
Temperature, OF (°C) 400 (2oO) 45o (230) 500 (260) 550 (2SO) 600 (315)
72
Hours
2400
1000
24
100
*A1l xefererces to Kel-F refer to the elastomer (copclymer of chlorotrifl”oroethylene and vinylidene fluoride) —not Kel-F plastic.
PRoPERTIEs
- Viton
Fluorocarixn Elastomers, Fluorel
- Kel-F
Hardness, Durorneter A
Properties
100% Modulus, psi (MPa)
Compression Set, 22 hr
4000F (2111)0c)
MethOd E, %
Specific Gravity
Brittle Temperature, OP (oc )
1“0
70
60
80
2000 (13.7$)
300 ( 2.07)
200
2000 (13.79)
500 ( 3.45)
175
2000 (13.79)
700 ( 4.83)
150
50
1.97
-30 to -50
(-34 +=@’46)
50
1.97
-30 tc -50
(-34 to -46)
180 (31 523)
31
500-630
(19,685 24,803)
11.4
50
1.97
-30 to -40
(-34 to -40)
Tear Resistance, lb/in. (N/m)
Abrasion Resistance, mg 10SS
(v/m)
Dielectric Constant
Thermal Conductivity
Btu-in. /ft2. h.OF(W/m. K)
oil Resistance, Swell in ASTM”
No. 3 Oil 7 days at 3000F
(1500c) , %
Low Temperature Stiffness, TIO,
Gehrnan Test, I% (OC)
Mold Shrinkage, $
Water Absorption at 770F (25°C)
(Kel-F ), mg/in. 2 (mg/cm2)
1.25 (0.18)
3-4
+3 (-16)
2
3.5 (0.54)
c-3 7
,.
KIIi-HDBK-149B
DATA SHEET NO. 15
.1.
ASTM
PERFLuOROELASIVXER “(81)
DESIGNATION
.,.
.,,
FFKM
.
,
General:
Perf luorelastomers offe“r”risistanc”e to a VC?IV wide ranqe of
polar and nonpolar solvents. and chemicals an: also to ~igh
temperatures.
The finished part cost ranges from 20 to 50
times that of a comparable part in a fluoroelastome~ (FKM) .
Notable
Resistance
Properties:
Chemical and solvent resistance along with resistance to
temperatures of 5500F (z900c ) and ~ccaiional temperatures
as high as 6500F (3450c) .
Notable
Mechanical
Properties:
Will retain 40% of sealing force after exposure to 400C’F
(2000C) i“ air for o“er 3 years.
6000F
Useful
Temperature
Range:
~oO
Electrical
Excellent
Properties:
D. C. resistivity
Dielectric
Constant
to
Dielectric
(-12°
tO ‘315°c) -
5 x
at
1000
Hz
450
Strength
1017
~h-cm
4.9
vOlts/mil
( 17,717
V/nun)
Applications:
O-rings for chemical seals and high temperature seals are the
Also used as “V” ring seals and
biggest application.
gaskets. Before specifying a special part, the fabricator
should, be contacted to determine if it is possible to make the
part.
Caution:
Pexfluoroelastomer parts should not ba exposed to molten or
gaseous alkali metals. such as socium, because a highly
exothermic reaction could occur. Fully halogenated Freons
(Fll , F12
) and uranium hexafluorid.e cause considerable
swell. At elevated temperatures above 212°F (100°C) ,
service life can be significantly reduced in fluids containing
high concentrations of some diamines, nitric acid, and bssic
pheno 1. KALF.EZ should be tested for suitability.
Special
compounds have been designated for use in oxidizing media and
weak organic acids.
,,
NCTES
.:.
;:.
;
Parts.can easily be obained from lhPont de Nemours & Co. , as they are both
polymer manufacturer and part fabricator.
C.-38-,
.
MIL-HDBK-149E
DATA sHEET NO. 15
(continued)
PROPERTIES
Specific Gravity
Linear Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Specific Heat (approximate) , J/g
Hardness, Gurometer A
Elongation at.Break, %
Compression Set, ASTM D395
Method E,
70 hr at 400°F (ZOOOC), %.
70 hr at 550°F (2900C) , %
Brittle Faint, q (0c)
35 - 60
35 - 70
-40 (-40)
10
1,
c-39
I
,.
.
2.0 - 2.2
1.3 x 104oF
(2.3 X 1040c)
1
70-90
1900-3000 (13-21)
120-160
.,
MIL-HDEK-149B
.,,
DATA
.
FLUOROSILICONE
ASTN DESIGNATION
SHEET
NO.
16
RUBBER
FVMG ,
nbber~
combine
~ wide operating range with
superior fluid and chemical resistance. :They are used to
their. best advantage in applications where a high degree of
resistance to petrole~
and,diester oils: is ‘required at low
temperatures, and at temperatures up to 450°F (23o0c ).
General:
The ..fluoro’ai lfcone
Notable
Resistance
Properties:
diester oils, and ozone.
Excellent
resistance
to
petroleum
fuels, gasoline and JP4,
Notable
Mechanical
Properties:
Excellent thermal stability and flexibility to -900F
(-700c) . Poor elastic racovery after long term exposure
below -4o0F (+400c). Poor stress-st rain properties, high
mold shrinkage.
Useful
Temperature
Range?
-900 to. +450°F (-70° tc +230°C’).
Applications:
Parta requiring ,combine,dlow temperature flexibility and fuel
resistance,
brake
cups.
Unsuitable:
such
as
fuel
pumF
diaphragm,
O-rings,
seals,
and
For exposure tc unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine and red
fting nitric acids. Alsor for general mechanical
applications 17eCduse of low strength and high cost.
NOTES
Rxtrnsion
rubbers.
of f lurosilicones
is somewhat
more difficult than other silicone
Most fluorosilicones can be calendered.
Toxic vapors are produced above 530°F (275°C) .
Where occasional contact with solvents (splashing] is experienced, cost and
manufacturing considerations make fluorosilicone-si licone blends appropriate.
C-40
●
MIL-HD6K-149R
FvN~
DATA SHEET NC. 16
(continued)
PROPERTIES
!
Properties
50
65
70
35
Compression Set, 22 hr at
3000F, %
‘4 fJOF, %
,.
●
700-900
250
800-1000
200
800-1000
200
800-1000
150
800-1000
140
15
20
20
30
55
60 (compares favorably with low temperature nitrile compression set)
Tear Strength, lb/in.
Specific Gravity
Swell in ASTN No. 3 Oil,
77 hr at 3000F, %
Swe 11 in ASTM Reference
Fuel B, 24 hr at 770F, %
Brittle Temperature, ~
Stiff eni ng Temperature,
E = 10,000 psi, %
Electric Stre~gth, v/roil
Dielectric Constant
Volume Resistivity, ohm-cm
Volume Resistivity after 96 hr
at 96% RH, 720F
Linear Mold Shrinkage, %
!0
I
80
50
1.38
70
1.40
80
1.41
100
1.44
110
1.46
+3
+5
+5
+3
+4
+30
-90
+24
+17
+23
+23
-90
-90
-,90
-90
-78
350
6-7
1013
1.5 x 1012
4
C-41
m
MIL-HDBk-14 SB
FVMQ
DATA SHEET NC. 16
(continued)
PROPERTIES -S1
Properties
35
50
65
70
80
Ultimate Elongation, ‘%
compression Set, 22 hr at
1500c, %
-4 l)o~,*
4.82 -6.’21 5.52-6.8s
250
200
15
20
Tear Strength, N/m
Specific Gravity
Swell in ASTM N@. 3 Gil,
77 hr at 149c, %
Swell in ASTM Refersnee
Fuel B, 24 hr at 25oc, %
Stiffening Temperature,
68.95 MPa, OC
Electric Strength, V/nun
Dielectric Constant
Volume Resi stivity, ohm-cm
Volume Rssiativity after S6 hr
‘at S6% hr, 22°C
Linear Mold Shrinkage, %
8,756
1.38
60 (compares favora,hly with low temperature nit rile compression set)
12,259
14,010
17,513
1S,264
1.40
1.41
1.44
1.46
+3
+5
+5
+3
+4
+3 o
-68
+24
-68
+17
-68,
+23
-68
+23
-68
5.52-6.89 5.52-6.89 5.52-6.89
200
150
140
20
30
55
-61
13,780
6-7
1013
1.5 x 1012
4
PROPERTIES - HIGH STRENGTH FLUOROSILICONE RuBEER
.“
Properties
70
60
50
(MPa)
~
Elongation, %
Compression Set, %
~~
22 hr at 3000F (1500c)
70 hr ‘at ‘40°F (-400c)
Tear Strength, lb/in. (N/m)
Specific Gravity
Swell, %
ASTM No. 3 Oil
ASTM Reference Fuel B
130C
(8.S6)
450
800-1000
(5.52-6.89)
200
800-1250
(5.52-8.62)
15
1.46
20
20
80 (14,010)
1.45
15
no data
90 (15,761)
1.49
+3
+22
+4
+21
+4
+1
no data’
155 (27,145)
c-42
150-210
MIL-HDBK-14?B
DATA sHEET NO. 17
NATURAL RLiiBER
ASTM 12
ESIGNAT10N
NR
General:
Natural rubber, the latex of certain trees, must be blended
with fillers and reinforcing agents to bring out maximum
The raw material, as the compounder
physical properties.
obtains it is either smoked sheet or pale crepe. The latter
The
is used fm delicate colors and nonstaining applications.
light color products possess much lower mechanical properties
than carbon black filleci compounds.
Notable
Properties:
Resistant to strong and weak alkali, ketones, esters, and
alcohol. Resistant to hyckochloric acid in all concentrations.
Poor ozone and weather resistance.
NotaLle
Mechanical
Properties:
Superior to most synthetics in strength, elongation, abrasion
resistnce, rebound, tear resistance, electrical resistance,
and compression set.
Useful
Temperature
Rsnge:
-cOO
Resistance
to
+2 f30°F (-SGo
Electrical
Properties:
Superior to
Unsuitable:
With
gasoline,
man-made
oil,
copper.
chromic acids.
manganese
I
or
to
+95°c)
rukbers.
copper,
manganese
or
alloys
containing
Concentrated sulfuric, nitric, and
Identification: Burns readily - smits odor, leaves tacky residue.
NwTES
lsoprene Rubbel (Natural,
Hevea)
and Isoprene Rubber (Natural, Parthenium
(Guayule) ) are essentially equivalent.
Eclyisoprene
(man-made) is essentially the same as natural rubber.
c-43
,,,
MI L-HDBK-149B
DATA
sHEET
NO.
(continues)
PROPERTIES
Hardness, D“rcmneter
Poverties
40
Tensile .Strength, psi
300% Modulus,. psi
Compression Set, ASTM’ D395,
Method B 22 hr at 1580F, %
Specific Gravity
Abrasion P.esistance, mm3/kg
Modulus of Elasticity, O%
elongation, psi
Brittle Temperature, OF
Low temperature range for rapid
stiffening, ‘F
psi
Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity,
No Filler
3000-4000
150-350
675-850
3650
64o
(700-1300
550-650
15,
0.96
1.2-1.6
12
1.11
10
1.12-1.2
1.2-1.6
140-290
-65
340
-65
400-600
-65
-20
to
-50
-20
to
-40F
320F
136
85
at
122°F
62
at
212°F
64
300
137
92
90.4
600-BOO
65
90
Coefficienk of Thenna 1 Expansion,
in./in. -°F
Dielectric Constant
Water Absowtion,
168 hr ‘at
6s0~ , ~
25% Reduction of Tensile Strength
fcr 1580F Service, weeks
Specific Heat
Critical Strain for Aging, %
60
25% Carbon black
10% Plasticizer
3000-4000
at
at
Oynamic Fatigue Life*
Cycles x 103
Shear I,odulus, psi
Thermal Conductivity, STU-in. /
ft2-h-OF
A
50
-50
-20
to
406
210
120
130-150
140
0.08
o.l&
9-11 x 10-5
2.6 - 2.8
500-750
6.7
0.3
500-750
-50
X
10-5
500-750
0.6 - 1.4
- 1.9
8
0.4-0.5
0.4-0.5
1.5
10-20
1.5
15
0.4-0.5
1.5
FOGTNCTE :
Wumber of cycles after which flex-cracks visible with pocket magnifier,
aPPrOxtiately
10X.
c-44
17
NIL-HDEK-149B
NR
DATA SHEET NC. 17
(continue~)
PROPERTIES - S1
40
Properties
No Filler
Strength, NPa
300% Modulus, MPa
Compression Set, ASTM D395,
Method B 22 hr at 700c, %
Specific Gravity
Abrasion Resistance, mm3/kg
Nodulus of Elasticity, O%
elongation, NFa
Brittle Temperature, ‘C
Low Temperature range for rapid
stiffening, ‘C
Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity, MPa
at -20°c
at O°C
at 50°C
at 1OO°C
Dynamic Fatigue Life*
Cycles x 103
Shear Modulus, MPa
Thenna 1 Conduct ivity, Hill -in./
ft2-h-OC
Coefficient .of Thermal Expansion;
m/mi-Oc
Dielectric Constant
Tensile
20.6S-27.58
1.03-2.41
675-850
50
60
25% Carbon black
10% Plasticizer
25.17
640
20.68-27.5E
4.83 -E.96
550-650
15
0.96
1.2-1.6
12
1.11
10
1.12-1.2
1.2-1.6
0.57-2.00
-65
2.34
2.76-4.14
-65
-65
-29 to -46
-29 to -46 -29
0.94
0.59
0.43
0.44
2.07
0-94
600-800
0.45
to
0.63
0.62
2.80
1.45
0.82
0.62
130-150
0.97
-46
0.012
0.026
16-20 x 10-5
2.6 - 2.8
19,685.29,528
12 x 10-5
200C, *
0.3 - 1.9
25% Reduction of Tensile Strength
for 700c Service, weeks
Specific Heat
Critical Strain for Aging, %
8
0.4-0.5
1.5
10-20
19,65529,528
19,68529,528
0.6 - 1.4
0.4-0.5
1.5
15
0.4-0.5
1.5
FoCIYNOTE:
*Nunber of cycles after which flex-cracks visible with pocket magnifier,
approximately 10X.
c-45
1’
.. . .
.:.,
MIL-HDBK- ~49B
DATA
ASTM DESIGNATION
PHOSPNONITR”ILIC FLUOROELASTCNER
.
sHEET NC. 1F
(60)
FZ
,,
General:
fluoroela~to~,ers (pNF ) combine
generally
tcugh
and wear resistant, properties with a wide temperature
operating range and resistance to a broad range of fluids and
ck.emit’als. These elastomers ‘are very versatile with excellent
dynamic and static sealing; shock damping; and flex-f atigue
They are flame resistant and do not
resistant properties.
support combustion;
are readily processable (including
calendering) on conventional equipment; and provide excellent
bonding to metal and fabric. Vulcanized parts have an
indefinite shelf life.
Notable
temperature
fluid resistance to jet fuels and gasolines;
lubricants; hydraulic fluids; and brake fluids. Excellent
resistance to anhydrous aumonia. with low swell in aliphatic
and aromatic hydrocarbon; aryl phosphate esters; silicate
Liquid oxygen compatible.
esters; and water/g lycO,lmixtures.
Fair resistance
Excellent resistance to ozone and weathering.
to hydrazine and nitroqen tetroxide N104.
Resistance
Properties:
Fhcsphonitrilic
High
Notable
I“iechanical
Properties:
Good extrusion, dynemic chew and nibbling resistance; flex
fatigue resistance; excellent shaft seal wear properties
(dry and lubricated); low compression set; and very good shock
damping properties over a wide temperature range. Available
in a wide hardness range.
Useful
Temperature
Range:
_~oO
Electrical
Properties:
Fair to good electrical properties similar to fluorosilicone.
Suitable for low voltage insulation, particularly low
frequency applications where dielectric loss is minimal.
Applications:
Dynamic
Unsuitable:
For exposure to oxygenated solvents, ester base brake fluids,
alkyl phosphate esters (that is, Skydrol 500) , some acids, and
highly polar fluids.
cost :
Approximately
to
+~~ooF
(-700
tO
+1750c)
.
and static
seals, “diaphragms,
shock mounts, electrical
jacketing or insulation in areas where fluid resistance and
ve KY low-to-high temperature ranges are encount ered.
$4~Gper lb ($86/kg) for compounded formulations.
,.,
,.
C-46
‘o
F!IL-HDBK-149B
FZ
DATA
SHEET
NO.
18
(Continued)
PROPERTIES
Properties
(MPa )
Modulus at 100% Elongation,
%
Compression Set, %
70 hr at 300°F (1500C), .
ASTM D395, Method B, %
Tear Strength, lb/in. (N/m)
Specific Gravity
Swell in ASTM No. 1 Oil, %
166 hr at 300°F (1500C),
Swell in MIL-L-7bC8
166 hr at 3000F (1500c) ,
Swell in NIL-L-23699
166 hr at 300°F (1500C) ,
Swell in MIL-H-5606
16.5hr at 2750F (135°C) ,
Swell in 141L-H-S3282
166 hr at 2750F (135°C) ,
Swell in ASTM Reference
Fuel A, %
Fuel B, %
Fuel C, %
166 hr at 730F (230c),
. %
Temperature Retraction,
TR~~, 9 (°C)
Brittle
Point,
‘F
60
70
40
50
1120
(7.72)
1240
(8.55)
1540
(10.62)
1530
(10.55)
1500
(10.34)
230
220
600
190
660
180
1370
120
--
16
19
24
24
100-160
(17,513-28,020)
1.85
-1
0
2
0
20
%
15
%
11
%
4
%
2
%
6
11
12
-69 (-56)
-90 (-68)
2
6-7
1013
(°C)
Mold Shrinkage, %
Dielectric Constant
:
Volume liesistivity, ohm-cm ,.
c-47
80
100
NIL-HDBK-149B
DATA
sHEET
NO.
19
PCLYACRYLATE
ASTM DESIGNATION
ACM
General:
Notable
Resistance
Properties:
Polyacrylic rubber is ~ copolymer of acrylic acid ester and
It is chemically saturated
halogen-containing derivatives.
which proviqes the basis for excellent aging characteristics.
High
and
degree
of
temperature
modified oils.
resistance.
resistance
to
3500F
to
lubricants
(1770C)
under
extreme
pressure
.
Not affected by sulfur
Excellent storage life, excellent ozone
:.
Notable
Mechanical
Properties:
Dry heat
Low gas’permeability, medium strength ,and elongation.
resistance to 4000F (ZOOOC) intermittent operation. Poor
low temperature properties.
Useful
Temperature
Range:
-400 to +4000F (-40° to +200°C) .
Applications:
Recommended for O-rings in transmission cases, tank linings,
belting, obtainable in white and pastel colors.
Unsuitable:
Water, steam, or water soluble chemicals such as methanol or
ethylene glycol. Decomposes in alkali medium, swells in acid
solutions.
c-48
iO
NIL-HDBK-14SP.
ACN
DATA SHEET NO. 1S
(Continued)
P2?oPERTIES
40 to 90
100-400
500-2500 (3.45-17.24)
Hardness Range, Durometer A
Elongation, %
Requires post curing (or tempering ) at 300° t-a 350°F
(150° to 175°C) to obtain good compression set
Plasticizer necessa~ to obtain low brittle
temperature of ‘4O°F (-4 O°C)
Unplasticized stock has brittle temperature
of +50F (-150c)
60 DURONETER A, CCMPOUND
Test Conditions
Aged 24 hr
Properties
70°F (20°c)
212°F
(MPa)
Tear Resistance, lb/in. (N/m)
Static Nodulus of Elasticity,
20% Deformation, psi
(MPa)
Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity,
20% Deformation!, .psi
1340-1540
(9.24-10.62)
225-275
10 (1751)
1550-leoo
(10.69-12.41)
190-230
(MPa)
Resilience,
(8.89-9.93)
4E!-50
%
Compression
Set, t@TM D395,
22 hr at 335°F
(168°C),
Brittle
Water
Temperature,
Absorption,
212°F
Air
7 days
(loooc),
Permeability,
Temperature
~
.(°C)
%
33-36
-12
(-24)
65
Standard
and Pressure,
ft3mils/ft2psi day X 103
Specific gravity
3000F
725~825
(5“;00-5..
69 )
.,$’:?$”
1290-1440
at
%
(l OO°C)
1.78
1.29
c-49
-19
(-28)
(1500C)
MIL-HDBK- 14S6
EATA sHEET NO. 20
AS?X.’i
DESIGNATION
POLYURETHANE RUBBER
AU, EU
General :
The polyurethanes constitute a larcre familv of materials
produced basically by combining di~socyanates with polyesters
(AU) .or polyethers (EU) . Most types are cuqed without sulfur.
Notable
Resistance
Properties:
Excellent resistance to alcohols, aliphatic solvents, ether,
and most petroleum based fuels up to 250°F (1200C) only,
edible fats and oils, and mixtures containing less than 80%
aromatics; ozone, and oxygen.
Notable
High strength and shear resistance. Excellent resistance to
abrasion and wear (3 times as resistant as natural or other
rubbers) . High damping characteristics, poor heat buildup
character sties.
Mechanical
Properties:
Useful
‘Temperature
Range:
-300 to +250°F (-20° to +120°C) .
Electrical
Properties:
Gf general magnitude as those of phenolics.
Applications:
Energy absorbing devices, vibration dampers, mounting pads for
machinery.
Unsuitable :
In contact with esters and, ketones and synthetic hydraulic
Hot
acids and bases.
oils (causes swelling) . Concentrated
water and steam.
NOTES
Properly compounded urethan@ parts have been used in contact with 1iquid
nitroqen.
Heat buildup ca!ised by low thermal conductivity is comparatively great. This
adversely affects abrasion resistance, friction properties, and service life.
Designs should incorporate thin cross sections. When bonded to metal
surfaces, relatively large”bonding .areaa will aid in heat conduction
from the
rubber.
Polyurethane
of SO-H Durom.eter A have withstood ozone exposure of O.5 ppm at
1000F (36°C ) without the formation of noticeable cracks. Slight cracks
have been noted in “abnomally high concentrations of 100 Ppm after 16 hours.
$%:.
Damping characteristics are som,ewhat le&fip:.::han
those of butyl, but greater
“,:$~:
than for other polymers.
,,!.
●
NiIL-HDBK-149B
AU, W
DATA SHEET NC. 20
(Continued)
PROPERTIES
1
Properties
Tensile
I
Strength,
Compression
,0.
Set,
ASTM
4500
650
450
430
4500
700
440
5
1.06
10
1.10
15
1.10
22
1.10
150-1s0
175-2S0
225-375
400
37
100
145
170
200
%
D395,
Method A, 22 hr at
158°F, %
Specific Gravity
Tear Strength, Graves,
lh/ir..
Abrasion Resistance’,
ASTM C394, mg loss
Modulus of Elasticity
O% Elongation, psi
Brittle Temperature, ~
Low Temperature Range for
Rapid Stiffening, ‘F
Bashore Rebound
Resilience, %
Impact Resistance, ft/lb
Kinetic Coefficient of
Friction with Steel
Specific Heat, btu/lb
BtU-in./ft2.h-0F
Coefficient of Thermal
Expansion, in./in.-@
Volume Resistivity at
750F , ~~-cm
2000
200
below -90
below -90
below
-lo to -30
-lo to -30
-lo
50-80
107
50-80
50-80
0.5
0.42-0.45
0.4
0.20-0.03
1.18-1.16
0.77 - 1.22
x 10-4
1.04
1.04 - 1.4
x 10-4
1.01
8.2 X 1012
4.8 x 1012
5 x’ 1011
5-8
6-12
8
8
6-14
4-6
5
4-1o
4-17
~~o-zzo
150-220
25o
2.1
190-220
250
1.8
4.3 x 1o11
Pcwer Factor, %
at 750F
2-9
at 1500F
6-9
at 2120F
7-20
Max. Useful Temperature, ‘F
190-22fj
DW
Oil
250
Vu Lcanization Shrinkage, % 1.7
In
85
3000
300
430
2500
psi
100% Modulus,
psi
Ultimate
Elongation,
75
65
55
250
2.C
C-51
-90
-30
to
1.02
x
-
below -90
-lo to -30
50-80
1.35
10-4
0.s5
0.97 - 1.27
x lo- 4
MIL-HDEK-149E
AU, EU
DATA sHEET NO. 20
(Continued)
,.
Properties
PROPERTIES - S1
55
.,.
,
.17.24
1.38
650
Hardness,
65
Tensile Strength, M@a
10O% Modulus, MPa
Compression Set, ASTM D395,
Method A, 22 hr at
700c, ~
5
Specific Gravity
1.06
Tear Strength, Graves,
26,269N/in
31,523
Abrasion Resistance,
ASTM D394, Iilg10SS
37
Modulus of Elasticity
O% Elongation, MPa
1.36
below -68.
Low Temperature Range for
Rapid Stiffening, OC
-lo to’-30
Bashore Rebound
Resilience, %
50-80
Impact Resistance
145
Kinetic Coefficient of
Friction with Steel
0.5
.5pecific Heat, J/kg
976-1046
0.170W/m-K
0.167
Coefficient of Thermal
1.39 - 2.20
Expan6ion, nun/mm/Oc
x 10-4
Volume Resistivity at
240c, chin-cm .“
4.3 x 1011
Power Factor, %
at 240L
2-9
6-9
at 660c
at 1000c..
7-20
Max. Useful Temperature, ‘F
Dry
190-220
In Oi 1
250
Vulcanization Shrinkage, % 1.7
D“rcm’neter
A
75
85
20.66
2.07
430
31.03
3.10
430
31.03
4.83
440
10
1.10
30,64749,036
15
1.10
39,4c465,673
22
1.10
70,051
100
145
170
13.s
blow
-,6S
below
-68
below -68
to-30
-lo to -30
-lo to -30
-lo
50-s0
50-80
50-80
0.4
0.20-o. c3
0.150
0.146
0.137
1.8 - 2.5
1.84 - 2.43
x lo- 4
1.74 - 2.2?
x 10-4
8.2 x 1012
4.8 X 1012
5 x 1011
5-8
6-12
8
8
6-14
4-6
5
4-1o
4-17
190-220
250
2.0
190-220
250
2.1
250
1.E
x 10-4
C-52
~go-zzo
.
MIL-HD6K-149B
DATA SHEET NO. 21
PoLYsDLFIDE RUBBER
ASTM DESIGNATION
EOT
Polysulfide rubber is a copolymer prepared from sodium
tetrasulfide and ethylene dichloride or other organic
halides. Physical properties are generally low. Thiokol
a polysulfide rubber.
General:
is
tiotakle
Resistance
Properties:
Excellent resistance to ketones, acetates, gasoline and
aromatic fuel blends, exceptional. ozone and weather resistance.
and excellent a~ing characteristics.
Notable
Mechanical
Properties :
Low tensile strength, poor heat resistance, highly impermeable
tc gases, water vapor.
Useful
Temperature
Range:
-(joOto +200°F (-5o0 to 95°C) .
Electrical
Properties:
Useful potting compound where large temperature variation
occurs.
Applications:
G~soline fuel hose, sealing putties, seals, packings, tank
linings, sealants, and potting COmpOUndS for electrical
equipment.
Unsuitable:
For mechanical goods becauae of low strength and
Fillers ana
Reinforcing
Agents:
Carbon blacks, zinc sulfide, zinc oxide.
Identification:
Strong characteristic sulfur odor .
‘o
c-53
.
high
cost.
MIL-HDBK-149B
EGT
DATA SHEET NC. 21
(Continued)
NC?N3S
Because of their high resistance to water and water vapor, and their good
aging characteristics, special compounds are reccminended:
!,.
As a putty for marine and aircraft (window, hatch, and fuel tank)
applications which do not harden & crack, and
vibrations.
.,
AS an impregnating agent for leather to fipart tO it limited ~oiSt”re
penetration without completely eliminating “breathing” abi lity.
can
~ith~t~~d
As a potting compound for electrical equipment which must undergo
severe temperature cycling, -650 “to”3000F’ (-540 tc 1500C)
(this does not imply mechanical strength in this temperature ran9e) .
Abrasion resi&ance
is only half as good as that of typical tire stocks under
dry conditions.
Under oil conditions, abrasion resistance is superior to that
of tire stock.
Thiokol-ST
can be blended with chloroprene or nitrile to balance properties
of strength and swelling in aromatics, fuels, esters, and ketones.
c-54
MIL-l!Lll”
-
<?r
Ec1
DATA SHEET NC. 21
(Continued)
PROPERTIES
Nardness,
Properties
40
Of 1 Rtsi stant
lens{ le Strength,
psi
300” Modulus , PSi
X
U1tifnate Elongation.
C@ression
Set, 22 hr at 158-F, %
SPtcific
Gravity
Tear Resistance,
lblin.
Volumt Swell in ASTM No. 3 Oil, S
Low Temperature Stiffness,
E . 10,000
Arcmstic
Volwne smell
in tnlume.
on, .40”
Ourmeter
60
I
I
A
70
80
I
to +212-F
:%
420
45
56o
370
420
45
80
80
950
850
320
40
1.33
100
1200
1030
260
‘so
150
40
200
150
-l.3a
Psf, ”F
Hydmcmbon
1 mnth
Appl icati
50
I
Resistant
at WF,
Applications,
-40”
to %O”F
X
~
~!
i~:
‘0
‘o
PROPERTIES - S1
I!drdness,
Properti ●s
Ofl
I
Resis:ant
Application,
Curcmter
I
I
-40”’to
A
I
+lW”C
~
~sg
Arrmatlc
Hydrcartan
Tensile Strength,
Wa
3W” 142dulus, UPa
ultimate
Elongation,
X
Cmprtssion
Set. Z
Tear p.eststmce,
N/!I
volume %11
in toluene,
1 month at 27”C. X
Dielectric
Constant
VolmE Rcsistivity,
oim-cm
●
Resis@nt
Applications,
3.72
2.83
420
45
14,010
3.86
2.55
420
+70
+70
fi,olo
-40” to +27°C
6.55
5.86
320
40
77>513
8.27
7.24
260
40
35.025
154
40
26,269
+70
6.8 -7.3
0.2 - 5
x 10-3
+70
+70
MIL-HDBK-14?B
DATA SHEET
PRCPYLSNE OXIDE - MLYL
ASTN DESIGNATION
NC.
22
GLYCIDYL ETHER
GPO
General:
This is a sulfur-vulcanizable copolymer of propylene oxide and
abut 5% allyl glycidyl ether. In resilience, flex life, and
low temperature flexibility, it is similar to natural rubber
It has excellent resistance
but has lower tensile strength.
to he-at and ozone and some oil resistance. Fabrication,
including metal adhesion, can be perfozmed using conventional
rubber processes.
Notable
Resistance
Properties:
High temperature and ozone.
Notable
Mechanical
Properties:
Good resilience and ‘good flex. resistance.
the flex is superior to natural rubber.
Useful
Temperature
Fange:
-670
~PPlicatiOns:
Motor
Unsuitable:
For exposure to solvents, oils’,”or temperature over 4000F
tc)
+4000F
Some oil resistance.
In some applications
(-55C to +2000c).
and ‘other mounting applications requiring high
mounting
temperature resistance. Uther mechanical parts requiring
resilience, high temperature resistance and excellent ozone
resistance.
(2000C)
.
Where only occasional contact with oil (vapors or splashing) is experienced,
propylene oxide rubber can be used.
.$-
c-56
MIL-HDBK-149E
DATA SHEET NC. 22
(Continued)
GPo
PROPERTIES
1.01
Polymer Specific Gravity
Color
Does Polyner Stain?
White to Light Amber
No
TYPICAL COMPGUND PROPERTIES
Tensile, psi
(MPa)
Elongation, %
Dry Heat Resistance after lC days at 257°F (125°C)
Tensile Change, %
Elongation Change, %
compression Set, ASTM D395, NethOd B,
As molted, after 70 hr at 3000F (1500C), %
Post-ctred for 16 hr at 300°F (150°C) in air,
after 70 hr at 300°F (1500c), %
Volume Change in:
Water,
70
hr
at
212°F
(l OO°C),
1800-2500
(12.41-16.55)
500-800
50-65
-15
-35
-6 to -10
75
55
.
7>
%
ASTM Oil No. 1,
70 hr at 212°F (lOO°C), %
70 hr at 300°F (1500C), %
ASTM Oil No. 3,
70 hr at 212°F (lOO°C), %
70 hr at 300°F (1500C), %
ASTM Ref. Fuel B,
70 hr at 73°F (23°C), %
Bashore Resilience, *
Ozone Resistance
ASTM D1149 (0.50 ppm) hours to first crack
Low Temperature Stiffness,
ASTM D1053, T~0,000, ~ (°C)
+10
+2 o
+75
+125
+14 o
48
2500
-72 (-58)
c-57
/,
MIL-HDEK-14SE
DATA SHEET NO. 23
ASTM DESIGNATION
PYRIDINE-BUTADIENE
RUBEER
PBR
General:
This rubber is used in cements which permit adhesion of rubber
to metal or’other rigid substances.
Applications:
A.5hesives.
.4
c-se
I ~~
MIL-HDBK-149B
AsTM DESIGNATION
DATA SHEET NO. 24
SILICONE RUBBER
FNL , F’VNL, W&
I
-
..–.
tieneraL:
Silicone rubber is a heat-stable semi-organic ruLber, which
has only modest room temperature strength properties, but
retains as high as 75% of these properties at 3000F
(1500C). The basic structure is composed of long chains of
alternate silicon and oxygen atoms to which heat-stable
organic groups are attached to give elastomeric properties.
Notable
Resistance
Properties:
Resistance to strong alkalis, petroleum-base
weather, and sunlight.
Notable
High and low temperature properties good, low compression set,
excellent live steam resistance, high thermal conductivity,
ideal fcr extrusion purposes, can be molded and calendereti.
Mechanical
Properties:
I
engine oil. ozone,
Useful
Temperature
Range:
.
See propetiy tables.
Electrical
Properties:
Excellent insulation for environmental extremes for long
periods of time, high dielectric properties.
Applications:
Seals, shock mounts, hose insulating jackets, bellows,
diaphragms.
Unsuitable:
For hydraulic fluid and aronatic fuel applications; generally
For strong acids, aromatic and chlorinated
poor performance.
solvents. TOO cost ly for applications where only moderate
See Fluorosilicone Rubbsr,
temperatures are experienced.
FVNQ, Data Sheet No. 16, for fuel resistant silicone rubber.
Fillers and
Reinforcing
Agents:
Silica constitutes the most satisfactory filler (carbon black
is of little use) and results in appreciable increase in
tensile strength and elongation.
NC1’ES
,,
Silicone components must be handled carefully as their room temperature
strength is lower than that ofiother rubbers. While they stand up at high
For
installed at room temperature.
temperatures, they may tear while being
this reason special care must be taken in design of components to minircize
However, handling of high
pulling and stretching during installation.
strength silicones is equivalent to other rubbers.
Parts which must withstand temperatures above 300°F (1500C) might require
an oven-cure after vulcanizing. This weakens the roan temperature
If circumstances-permit, the curing should be-done after
properties.
Some compounds do not need posturing.
installation.
c-59
I
MIL-HDBK-149B
,.,
DATA SHEET NO. 24
(Continued)
N“&., PvM~ , WQ
,, .’},.. }.,
.,
.,,,,.,, ,..,
NOTES (Centinued )
a~ove
3000F (iSOoC)
implications, special consideration must be given
,.,
to venting the component and to allow adequate !Ibreathing!ispace. Failure to
observe this” may cause~”’r+ver!iion,
thzi~ iB,”sbftening and deterioration of
physical .properties.
Fo\
A few simple design guides should be followed : Metal inserts, which primarily
aid attachment to adjacent components also help reinforce the rubber. Inserts
of ,aluminum and steel, coated with silicone monomer, are better than adhesive
bond+ ng . .Brass and bronze’ inserts should be avoided because they are
,.
difficult to kond.
High tensile, up to 1500 psi (10.34 NPa) , and high tear, up to 250 lb/in.
(43 782 N/m), compounds are available now. Continuous service temperatures
for ‘these compounds are limited to 400?F (200@c) and for intemitte”t
to
500°F
(26130cj.
,..
Estimated life ,of siliqone rubber components as a function of temperature
based on oven-aging is shown below.
..
I
Service Temperature, OF (OC]
480 ,(250)
,.
Estimated Service Life, years
1/4
2
5
10
410 (210)
300 (150)
250 (120)
Methyl Silicone; MQ, has been replaced by Methyl Phenyl Silicone, PMc, Methyl
Pheny 1 Viny 1 Silicone, PVN~, and Nethy 1 Viny 1 Silicone, VNQ.
‘,
,:.
,’
,,
“,.;,ci.>$
,,,
., ‘
L@
,.,,.
c~60
.
..
MIL-HDBK-149B
PMQ , PVMQ, #fQ
DATA SHEE:” NO. 2&
(Continued)
PRoPERT153
PFopwti*s
@mrtl
Purwse
SI 1fcone Rub*r,
-”F
●
cittum
Law Tw?aturc
&
Se?vlce Cmc.omd, MO, PVQ
1(MO
20
-150
Oumneter A
-126
*
1.14
*mice
F
..
ss~o. Set, 22 h. at XO-f, %
eratum,
‘F
,nge. 70 hr at 4S0.F, Ourmrter
Swci fic Gravity
High Stmn9th
311icMe.
34
-$30.130
A
1.10
VW: IWO
Zemice
to -120:? to-120
6OO-1OY3
m.120
40-70
754-500
S0-133
60-65
1.25-1.35
-150”
I -150
900
160
,,. .
5
-w
●3
1.4
z
-90
+10
1.s
-105” t
c-61
I
5w”F
50
+10
.10
1.17-1,30
T
~
+5 to ●IO
1.40
-75” to +500”?
+:
A
1-150
45 CO +10
1.33
70
Hardness Change. 70 hr at 4@l-F, Ourmtter
to -120
1.35-1.45
to SW-F
lrlr
02
zoo
.“
Tmmraturw
9oo-llm
60-~
40-75
‘3
“
-gmto -120y
TeY#eritum
s4rv1cQ Tcmzrature
emstalKe,).,,”.
-12
1.3
-75” to +WJsF
750-lm
w
25O-3OO
200
60-?5
65
55
20
1-1s0
1.150
-lid
+5 to +10 +s
1.16
1.Z5
S30930
200-250
.
6.40
-St
+10
1.2
750-llM
W-z&l
50-125
25-70
T
I’””ti
1.25
+3
-m
-65
‘0 to -120 -goto
1: w to -120 -JO
‘0
-120
+5
1.2
1.10
1.25
;OJ
I!drdness CPmg4, 70 hr at ‘450”F,
5W-SUO
125-m
50-100
30-60
20:50
7YJ-900
250
40-60
Zn
1
to .500”F
7c@-loCd
&m;&o
Service Tmw?ture
500.700
250-350
k
.75-
17
..+5
to -120:: to
-w to -120g
-65
60Q-lCW
3.1
1.3 x 101> to6 x
1-6
25-4S
;;:4s
1.1-3
1.1.3
3.2-7
3.2-7
Lw Cmpres$tm-Sat Cowwnd, W
Tensile Strmgth,
PSI
Ultimate ElmstlM.
%
.
.
Tear Rer~.*.”~.
,. ~.-....-, !~)$”
;slon S-t, 22 hr *t 300”F, X
c-v-es!
Sri ttIe Tmwm turc, “F
. , 70 h. at 45o”F, Ou~t.ar
I!4rdness chamt
soul fic G-avi ty
g:;
50
17
..
+5
7,.
. . ..
Rx .
, 70 hr at 450”F
Wttth Tenperatum. “F
,fnq Point 1,, , “F
stiffer
01.lecl ;ric Strmgtl , v(rli 1
0f81et7fc
Constant
VOl@t Resistlvity,
OtU-CM
!44ter AbsorDti al , %
mold Shrinkage, X
Tl!+mdl Cmductivfty,
ETO-in. /ftlh.” F
LII@
TIWMl
Eno8nstm K 10-”. <n.ltn.
750- 10C+Z
WO-404
10M
sob
50
20-35
A
70
50
SCr.’!ce Tmmraturc
V~
Psi
T,nsi I* Strqngth.
Ultimata Elmg+ti on, %
~T*W Resistance, Iblin.
C.mpros$im sec. 22 M at 3u7”F. :
volume swell, 4s7F4No. 3 Oil, 70 W at 300”F, %
I E::
Mrdness ,6~mmter
I
60
80
1200
300
12s
50
.10
+10
1.36
MIL-HDBK-149B
PMQ, PV2.2Q,
“VMQ
DATA SHEET No. 24
(Cent inued)
PROPERTIES- S1
PrOpQrti.s
Hardness,
Ourmetm A
40
50
Oeneral Purpose S! 1{cone Rublwr , VMO
Tensile Strmgth, ma
Ulttmdte Elongation. s
794? Resist.mca, Nlrn
CmDress40n Set. 22 hr at 150°C, :
‘401um Swclt, AsTt4No. 3 Oil,
70 h, at 150.C, s
Speci ffc Gravity
War.awss Chdnqe, 70 hv at 200°C
Sri tt te ra’np.eratum, ~c
Stiffmfng
P.atnt 1,.. ‘c
Mel ectrfc Strengtn, vlm
O$electric Cmstant
VOlune Resistivity,
Oim-cal
dater Absorptl on, %
~ld Shvfnkage, %
Thirmal Conductivity,
u/(.. K)
Ltnsar Therm I E.xpmsim
. 10-. (m/ml). [
LW Tmp?rature
1,14
*
-68 to -85
-5s
19685-39 370
1-6
2S-45
0.16-0.43
S.76-12.6
4,83-6.89
200-300
;#;-17 ,513
4, 14-6.21
5.17-7.58
12S-300
. W-300
8,7$6.21,891
8,756.17,513.
30-60
25-70
50
1.2
+5
-68 to -8s
-55
1.2
+3
-68 to -&
-s5
1,25
+5
-6a to -63
-55
1.3
+S
-68 to -65
-55
1.3 x 10L3 to 4 x loi~
1-6
1-6
25-45
2S-45
0.16-0.43
0.16-0.43
I-6
25-45
0.16-0.43
:5-45
0.16-0.43
5.76-12.6
5.76 -12.6
5.76 -12.6
Ca’mmmd, VNQ
5JtMRc NI gh Temeracurc
3.45-4.83
260-350
Service
5.76 -12.6
Tt$ pwatvm
-60-
to 230°C
5
-68 to -24
5.17-6.21
250
7,005-10,508
10
-68
5.17-6.21
93-130
7,005-11,323
10
-60
5.52-6.89
en-lm
7,005-12,259
13
-68.
+5
+s
1.2
+5
+5
1.10
6,89
500
21,891
20
-1OI
-77
- 101
- 77
+3
1.14’
+5 to +10
.1 .16
CmPOund, VMQ
3.45-4.83
25O-3OO
~756
-6a
to
-86
+4
1.10
5.52
11,36S
20
-Iol
:?66
70
-101
+5
1.25
+5 to
1.35
6.21
14a
13,135
5
- 60
+10
1.2
+ 10 *
1.5 ‘
+3
1,4
Set-fice TenPerature
+10 ‘
1.13
+10
1.15.1 .20
C-62
+10
* to +10
1.40
-76S t o 260°C
70
0
9.65
6 00
3S,025
20-50
+6
+ 10
1.15.1 .25
5.17
93
8,736
en
-101
-60 . to 315.C
5.52
200
7,005
20
- 68
29.772
30
+2
900
6,,1
5.52-6 .21
203-250
& 756
10.40
- 68
.6
!28
Tmperat “m - I130a to 260QC
Ser. i C* Tanperatum
50
“11.03
700
35;025
’30;50 ,
+10:,
?S8
service
6.21-7.58
60-80
7,003-13,135
*
1.25-1.35 1.35:1,45
1.25
S.17-6.89
250-300
;;756 -’13 .135
Silicone , W!q, ~vnQ
Iardness, Ourm+tm 6,
‘msfle Strmgth, nPa
Iltizaate E1.m*ti.an,
%
‘ear Resistance. Nlm
;mP~SStOn Set. 22 hr. at 150°C, t
hrdne%s Chmqe, 70 h, at 200eC
;Well in A37N No. I oil,
70 h? at 150eC, 2
iPeci fic Gra, i :y
to 260°c
3.1
rensilestmngth,
NPa
J1timte
Elongation, :
rmr Resl stanca, Nlm
:moress inn Set, 22 h. at 150-c, ;
%ritt Ie Tnnpe,m”rc.
.C
.mi Tenp+raturc Stiffness , T,,; “*C
+ardness Change. 70 hr at 2oQ~c,
Ou~SCr
A
ipcci fic Gravtty
Nigh Stre”qth
.10°
w
1
5.17-6,89
300-400
;6j;: -,14,010
Servic e Ccmv.mmd, MO , PVMJ
rmsile Stmgth,
MPa
Jltimte
Elmg4tf0n,
:
m.
rear sl.sfstd.c.,
:mn.es%im Set, 22 h, at lSO-C. :
Irt tt I* Tmperamre,
‘c
brdnass Chan*, 70 hr at 200-C.
O“rmwter A
ivect fic Gm,<ty
70
Service ,Tmpevature
6.89
500
8,756
20-3S
Lm Cmpression-set
relisile Stl-engsh, MPa
Ultlnu, te Elongation, %
Tea. RMstmce,
N/n!
:’mpressim Set. 22 hr at 15&c, x
3rittle
Tenperatum, -c
hrdness change, 70 hr at 2CK3-C,
Ourmeter A
IPacffic *avi ty
-
2xtmw
’60
I
.
9.65
500
30.647
50
. 10
m’
8.27
S5a
21,891
60
.10
+1o
1, 17-1.30
.10
1.34
1.IIL-HDBF.-l49E
DATA SHEET NC. 25
STYF.ENE-BOTADIENE RUBBER ‘(SBR )
AbTM DESIGNATION
SER
General :
SBR is a general purpose, nonoil resistant robber which finds
use in 80% of all man-made rukber products consumed in the
United State s., It is manufactured by copolymerization of
butauiene and styrene, generally in a 3:1 ratio. “Hot” S13R is
polymerized at 120°F (5C0C) ; “Cold” SER at 40°F
(50c), The latter has superior physical properties.
Requires
Unreinforced SBF has poor tensile properties.
sBK can be
antiozonants for ozone and weather protection.
blended with most other synthetics and natural rubber.
Notable
Resistant to weak acid, and strong and weak alkalis.
resistance to alcohol, esters and ketones.
kcsistance
Properties:
Pledium
Excellent low
Notable
M< chanical
Properties:
High strength. Excellent abrasion resistance.
water-absorption characteristics.
Useful
Temperature
Range:
-goo to +z500F
.~@
Applications:
Tires, footwear
belting.
mechanical
Unsuitable:
In
Fillers and
Reinforcing
Agents:
Carbon black (best) , fine silica, calcium silicate, claYS
(lower cost) .
/
to
+1200C)
.
go,ods,
hbse, battery boxes, and
presence of solvents and oils.
NGTES
Nest applications now use cold SBR. because of superior strength properties.
Black cor,pounds have lower specific gravity and higher strength than
mineral-filled, light colored compounds.
Oil-extended compounds have substantially the same strength as the base
polymer and, because of easikr processing. capacity, result in lower product
Ccst .
During the processing and aging, mine ral-f illed ccmpounds are subject to
surface embrittlement which results in cracking w-hen the rubber part is
subjected tc bsnding. Surface embrittlement has been determined a function of
th@ antioxidant employed in the compound, with some amine antioxidants being
superior.
C-63
NIL-HDBK-149B
DATA SWEET NO. 25
(Continued)
SBR
PROPERTIES
Hardness, Durc.meter A
so
.60
“.”
.70
Black
oil
Light Colored
, Extended
Reinforcement
Rein f&cament
Properties”
Tensile Strength, psi.
300% Modulus, psi
2900 -3s00
400-800
1775-2000
<
,., .
Specific Gravity
1.13
Tensile Strength at 2120F, p=i
1000-1460
Ultimate Elongation at 212°F, %
210-300
Static Modulus of Ela stic”ity at
,800-1000 ‘
Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity at
1425-1580
60-67
“
Yerzley Resilience, %
Tensile Strength’ KT, aged at
2120F, 8 days, psi
2100-2485
Ultimate Elongation R’2,aged at
2120F, 8 days, %
195-230
Compression Set,’ 22 hr at
1580F, %
15-30
,’
34-47
2120F, %
-73
:
Brittle Temperature, ‘F
Low Temperkiture Stiffness T5, ~ -5o to -60’
swell in ASTM No. 3 Oil, 2 days..
‘.150.,’”
~ at 212°F, %
Water absorption 7 days at
212°F, %
’18.
200-260
Tear Resistance at ST, lb/in.
Tear Resistance at 2120F, lb/i”. 80-1”10
.,
3,000
Dynsraic Fatigue Life*
Cycle x 103
2850-3550
400-750
450-1600
1400-1550
50-450
S50-1400
100% Mod.
1.37-1.63
41-45
20-40
“5-15
.,
~
,.
‘ 245-300
‘
“1,000,000
to
3;000,000
Coefficient of The~al Expansion
in./in. -oF
Thermal Conductivity
BTU- in./ft2-h-OF
Volume Re sistivity, oh-cm
Dielectric Constant
4 x
,.
-.,
:“
;:,
:;+
‘,} ,
,,,
.’
,
-!
‘ ‘C-64
A.
~..,.
.,
,,$
@.—
.,
10-4
1.68
1014
500-600
3-7
.
1
MIL-HDBK-149B
sER
DATA SHEET NO. 25
(Continued )
PROPERTIES - S1
Properties
Ultimate Elong :tion, ‘“%
300% Modulus, MPa
60
70
80
Black
oil
Light Colored
Extended
Reinforcement
Reinforcement
19.99-26.20
400-800
12.24-13.79
1.13
Specific Gravity
Tensile Strength at 1000c, MPa
6.69-10.07
Ultimate Elongation at 100°C, %
210-300
Stat ic Nodulus of Elasticity at
s.~z+.sg
20% Deformation, MPa
Oynamic Modulus of Elasticity at
9.E3-10. FJ9
20% Deformation, NPa
60-67
Yerzley Resilience, %
Tensile Strength ~T, aged at
100°C, 8 days, MPa
14.48-17.13
Ultimate Elongation AT, aged at
100°C, 8 days, %
195-230
700c, %
15-30
Compression Set,, 22 hr at
1000C, *
34-47
Brittle Terrperature, OC
-58
Low Temperature Stiffness T~, OC -46 to -51
Swell in ASTM No. 3 Oil, 2 days
at 1000c, %
150
Water absorption 7 days at
1000C, %
le
35,020-45,533
Tear Resistance sT, N/m
Tear Resistance at 1000c, N/m
14,010-19,264
3,000
Dynamic Fatigue Life*
Cycle x 103
19.65-24.48
400-750
3.10-11.03
9.65-10.69
50-450
5.86-9.65
100% Mod.
1.37-1.63
41-45
20-40
5-15
42,
?06-542,538
1,00C,OOO
to
3,000,000
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
nml/n@c
Thermal Conduct ivity, w/m ‘K
Volune Resist ivity, olun-cm
Dielectric Strength, v/mm
7.2 X 10-4
0.24
1(314
19,68523,622
3-7
Oie Lectric Constant
FOCTNCTE:
*Cycles to appearance of flex-cracks visible kg pocket n!agnifier.
radius equals 4X thickness.
c-65
Bending
NIL-HEBK-149B
DATA sHEET NO. 26
STYFENE-ICSPRENE
ASTM DESIGNATION
SIR
General:
These
Notable
~esistance
Properties:
Water.
Wotable
Mechanical
Properties:
Good low temperature resistance, good flexibility and good COmpression set at temperatures of 800F (260c ) Or less.
Useful
Temperature
Range:
-670
Appl icat ions:
Hot melt adhesives, pressure sensitive adhesives, plastic
modification.
Unsuitable:
For temperatures above 160°F (700C ).
“rubber”
materials are not usually tilcanized, but are
used in the unvulcanized state, frequently in pressure
sensitive adhesives.
to
+160CT
(-550
to
+700c)
.
PROPERTIES
Hardness; Durcxneter A
Tensile
Ultimate Elongation
Low Temperature Flexibility
c-66
35
800 to 2400 psi
(5.5 to 16.5 MPa)
150 to 250%
-670F (-55ClC)
MIL-HGEK-14’2B
APPENBIX D
TRADE ?4ANB INDEX
Listed below are the TRADE NAMES of polymers and compound~ mentioned in this
Handbook. For further Trade Name references, the latest issue of “RDBBICANA”,
Dublished bv Rubber L Plastic News, and the Rubber Red Book (available from
Rubber Red,Book, 62S5 Barfield Road, Atlanta, GA 30328) , should be consulted.
TRADE NAME
ASTM D1418
DESIGNATION
DATA
SHEST
NUMBER
Acrylon EA-5
ANM
19
Acrylon EA-12
ANM
19
Adriprene
Ameripol CE
Ameripol SER
Ameripol SN
AMSYN Latexes
ARC ON
AS RC
Bayprene
Baysilone
Betathane
Blensil
Bromo Eutyl X2
Bucar
Eudene
Butachlor-A
Buty 1
Buty 1
Castall
Catapol
Chemigum
Chemigum XSL
Chlorobutyl
cIS-4
Cisdene
Conothane
Conothane
Copo SBR
CPE Elastomer
Craco-thane
Cyanacryl
Cyanaprene
Eu
Eli
s3BR
IR
SBR
AU
SBR
CR
MC
.EU
~’2
BIIR
SIR
BR
CR
IIR
SIR
~u
EU
NBR
20
4
25
17
25
20
25
9
24
20
24
3
5
4
.9
5
5
20
20
1
cIIR
BR
BR
AU
EO
SBR
CM
EU
ACM
AU
20
.7
4
4
20
20
25
6
20
19
20
POLYklER OR cOPOLYMEE
Ethyl Acrylate
5% Acrylonitrile
88% Butyl Acrylate
12% Acrylonitrile
Polyether Urethane
Butadiene
Styrene Bu
!::ne
Polyisoprer
Styrene But ?iene
Polyester Urethane
Sty rene Butadiene
Chloroprene
Methyl Silicone
Polyether Urethane
Methyl Silicone
Bromo Butyl
Buty1
Butadiene
Chloroprene
Butyl
Ehlty1
Polyether Urethane
Polyester Urethane
Acrylonitrile
Butadiene
Polyurethane
Chloro Butyl
Butadiene
Butadiene
Polyester Urethane
Polyether Urethane
Styrene Putadiene
Chloropolyethylene
Polyether Urethane
Polyaclylate
Polyester Urethane
95%
D-1
13!NUFACTURRR
(See D-6 for
full name )
Borden Chemical
Borden Chernica1
DuPont
Gocdrich Chemical
Good rich Chmnica 1
Goodrich Chemical
American Synthetic
Allied Resin
American Synthetic
Moba y
Nobay
Essex Chemica 1
General Electric
Polysar
Cities Service
Goodyear
A. Schulman
Exxon
Polysar
Po lymer-We st
Arnco
Goodyear
Goodyear
Exxon
Phillips
American Synthetic
Conap
Conap
Copolymer Rubber
Down Chemical
J. M. Cranz
American Cyanamid
American Cyanamid
.$
MIL-HDBK-149B
,,
TI?ADE NAMS
!.
DATA
SHEET
NUNBLR
ASTM D1418
DESIGNATION
.,
‘EU
EU
6s.
BR
EPM
EPDM
,,,
Cyanaprene’
Cytor
Diene
Duragen
Dutral CO
Dutral-TER
Elaprim
Elaprim-S
20
20
4
4
12
13
ACM
NBR
19
EU
20
1
Elastothane
Electrisil
Epcar 306
Epcar EPDM
EPM
EPDM
12
Epsyn
EPLM
13
Epsyn
Esthane
Fastcast
Fluore 1
FR-N
EPM
:.EU
EU
FXM
NBR
12
24
13
20
20
14
1
SBR
FR-S
Gensil
Genthane S
Gentro
Gentro-Jet
Herchlor-C
25’
,.24
.Au, EU
“SBR
S!3R
ECO
20
25
25
11
Herchlcr-H
co
11
Hw-B1O
HYCAR 1001
SBR
NBR
25
HYCAR 1002
NBR
1
HYCAR 1042
NBR
1
.
1
,+
HYCAR
XFq!#
1072
6
\~.
\
,.,
HYCAR
2001
HYCAR 2121X26
SBR
AWN
‘:-.
25
,19
HYCAR 2121x27
ANM
.;19
.&
3
HYCAR
2202
BI”IR ,
,,
.
.
POLYMER OR COPCLYMEK
.
Polyether Urethane
P?lyether Urethane
Butadiene
~
Butadiene
Ethylene Propylene
Ethylene Propylene
f.
Diene Nodif ied
Polyacrylate
Acrylonitrile
Eutadiene
Polyether U1ethane
Silicone
,Ethylene Propylene
Ethylene Propylene
Diene Modified
Ethylene Propylene
Diene Modified
Ethylene Propylene
Polyether Urethane
Polyether. Urethane
Fluorocarbon
Acrylonitrile
Butadiene
Styrene Butadiene
Silicone
Urethane
Stykene Butadiene
Styrene Butadiene
Epichlorohydrin
Copolymer
Epichlorohydrin
Homopolyner
Styrene Butadiene
Acrylonitrile (40)
Butadiene (60)
Acrylonitri Ie ,(33)
“Butadiene (67 )
Acrylonit rile
Butadiene
Carboxylic
Acxylonitrile
Butadiene
Styrene Butadiene
Ethyl Acrylate (95)
Ac~lonitrile
(5)
Butyl Acrylate (90)
Acrylonitrile (10]
B romo Buty 1
D-2
YANUFACTUFWR
(see ~-~ for
full. name)
American Cyanamid
American Cyanam,id
Firestone
General Tire
Montedison USA
14@ntedison USA
Montedison USA
Montedison USA
Thiokol
General Electric
Goodrich Cherical
Goodrich Chemical
Copolymer Rubber
Copolymer Rdber
Goodrich Chemical
Arnco
3M
Firestone
Firestone
General Electric
General Tire
General Tire
General Tj.re
Hercules
Hercules
Hanford
Goodrich Chemical
Goodrich Chemical
Goodrich Chemical
Goodrich Chemical
Goo6rich Chemical
Godrich
Chemical
Goodrich Chemical
Goodrich Chemical
-.=
MIL-HDBK-149B
TFADL NAh4S
ASTM D141&
DESIGNATION
ACK
DATA
SHEET
NUMBEE
NBF
19
1
co
11
Hydrin-200
Eco
11
Hypalon
CSM
10
HYCAR 26 XX, 40 XX
HYCAK NE R
Hyc3rin-100
EU
Indpol
K
20
24
Elastomer
KEL-F 3700
Krylene
Krymix
Kxynac
FFKM
CFM
CFM
SBR
SBR
NBR.
Krynac 211, 221
XNBR
Kalrez
Kel-F
Krynac 633
15
14
14
25
25
1
6
~
NIR
Krynac 1000
XNbR
6
Krynol
Nillathane
Multrathane
Natsyn
Naugatex
Ne cprene
Neoprene
Neoprene
Nordel
SBR
Ku
AU
IR
SBR
CR
CR
CR
EPDM
25
20
20
17
25
9
!3
9
13
NBR
1
Paracril
NBR
1
Paracril Czo
---
Pare 1
GPO
Nysyn
.,
--
22
POLYNER OR COPOLYMER
Polyac rylate
Acrylonitrile
Butadiene
Epichlorohydrin
Homopolymer
Epichlorohydrin
Ccpolymer
Chlorosulfonated
Polyethylene
Polyether Urethane
Silicone
Per fluGrOcaxbon
Flu~roca rbon
Fluorocarbon
Styrene Butadiene
Styrene Butadiene
Acryl@nitrile
6utadiene
Carboxylic
Acrylcnitrile
Butadiene
Acrylonitrile
Isoprene
Carboxylic
Acrylenitrile
Butadiene
Styreke Butadiene
Polyether Urethane
?olyester Urethane
Polyisoprene
Styrene Butadiene
Chloroprene
Chloroprene
ChloroFrene
Ethylene Propylene
Diene Nodified
Acr.ylonitrile
Butadiene
Acrylonitrile
Butadiene
Acrylonitrile
Butadiene and
Polyvinyl Chloride
Copolymer
Propylene
Allyl
Penet rex
●
EU
20
NANUFACTIJEER
(See O-6 for
full name )
Goodrich Chemical
Goodrich Chemical
Goodrich Chemical
Goodrich Ch@nica 1
EuPcJnt
E. L. Puskas
Union Carbi6e
rdlPont
3M
3M
Polysar
Polysar
Polysar
Polysar
Polysar
Polysar
Polysar
Tech-Sales
Nobay
Goodyear
Uniroyal
Denka
DuPont
Petro-Tex
Copolymer Rut.ber
Uniroyal
Uniroyal
Cxide Glycidyl
Ether Copolymer
Polyether Urethane
Hercules
Arnco
P-3
/
.
TRADE NAME
EATA
SHEET’
NUFJER. PCLYNEK GF COPOLYMER
ASTl+ D1418
DESIGNA1,ION
Perbunan-N
NBR
1
Perchlor-C
ECO
11
-,
Fermatire
Phi 1Prene
Plioflex
EU
SER
SBR
FZ
AU
FZ
EIIR
IIR
20.
PNF
Polyglyccl
Adipates
Polyphosphazene
Polysar BrOmO Btityl
Polysax Butyl
Pqlysar SS
.Quickcast
heyno-foam
Rhoaia RS
Royalene EPDM
25
$
li
3
,.
2G
Bu
20
24
EPDM
13
~.
AU’’.2O
SBR.
FVM$
SER.
SK
SynpO 1
Synpol E-BR
Taktene
Thiokol
TransPip
Vamac
Vihrithane
Vistalon, 404, 702
Vistalon 25XX, 37XX,
46XX, 56XX,’ 65XX
Viton
Vyram
5
25
Castall
Rucoflex
SBR
.SE
Silastic
Silastic
Fluorosilicone
So 11>
rene
lE
20
SER
EU
EPM
Royalene
RTV
.’25
SER
BE.
BE
ECT
IR
ACM
AU
EPM
,,
EPDM
FX14
ACN
i2
24
25
24
24
Acry,lonitrile
Butadiene
~ichlorohyd’rin
Copolymer
Polyether Urethane
Styr.ene Butadie”e
Styrene BUt.idiene
Phosphonitri.lic
P61yester Urethane
Pllbsphonitrilic
‘Brbmo Butyl
,.
B,qty1
Styrene Butadiene
Polyether, Urethane
PLJ.yether Urethane
Silicone
Ethylene Propylene
Diene Modified
Ethylene “Propylene
Silicone
Polyester Urethane
Styrene Butadien
Silicone
Silicone
16”:. Fiuorosilicone
: 25
Styrene Butadiene
Silicone
24
25’ Styrene Butadiene
Butitiiene
4
:
4
Butadiene
Polysulf ide
~.
21
1-1, Polyisoprene
Polyacrylate
19
20
Polyester Urethane
Ethylene Propylene
12
13
14
19
Ethylene Propylene
Diene Mod’ified
Fluorocarbon
Polyacryl,ate
‘D-4
MANUFACTURER
(See D-6 for
full name )
Mobay
Herculds
Arnco
Phillips
Goodyear
Firestone
Plolex
Firestone
Polysar
Polysar
Polysar
Arnco
Hoover Universal
Rhone-Poulenc
Uniroyal
Uniroyal
Polymer-West
l:ooke~
AECC/Pol yners
General Electric
Dow Corning
Dow Corning
Phillips
SWS Silicones
Texas-US Chemical
Texas-US Chemical
Polysar
Thi okol
Polysar
DuPont
Uni roya 1
Exxon
Exxon
DuPont
Monsanto
MIL-HDEK-14SB
APPENDIX
NANUFACTU RERS ‘ NAMES
TsADE NAME
INDEX CCDE
Allied
Cyanamid
American
Synthetic
Conap
I
o
Resin
American’
A~nco
Arco/Polym.ers
A. Schulman
Borden
Cities .Service
~
~
~~
Ccpolymer Rubker
Denka
Dow Cher~ical
Down Corning
DuPont
,.,
..,,
,..,..
... .
E. L. Puskas
Essex Chen.ical
Exxon
Firestone
General Electric
Tire
General
Goodrich
Goodyear
Hanfcrd
Hercules
Hooker
Hocvei
J. N. Cranz
Mobcy
Nonsanto
MANUFACTURER ‘S FULL NAME
ALLIED RESIN CORP.
JM3RIcAN CYANAMID CO.
Polymer and Chemicals Dept.
ANSRICAN SYNTHETIC RUBBER COF.1.
AENCO
ARCO/PCLYMSRS , INC.
A . SCHULNAN , INC.
BGRLEN CHEMICAL CO.
CITIES SERVICE CO.
cGNAP INC.
COPOLYKER RUBi3EK & CKFNICAL CCEP .
DliN~ CHEMICAL COF.P.
LOW CHEVIICAL CC.
DOW COF.NIIiG CGRP .
du PONT de NEMCUKS CC. , INC .
E.
1.
Elastomer
Chemicals Eept.
‘..117’,’
E.L. PUSXAS CC.
ESSEX CHEMICAL CO= .
EXXCN CHEMICAL COMPANY U .S .A .
FIRl STONF SYN’THETIC RUEBFR & LATEX CC
FIRESTONE TIRE & RDBEER CC.
or
Phospbazene Rubber Marketing
GENER~ ELECTRIC, Silicone Products Dept.
GENERAL TIRE & FUEBER CO.
Chemical/Plastics Div.
B . F . GOODF.ICtlCtiEI”iICAL
CC.
GCCDYEAK TI~ & KUEBER CO.
Chemical Div.
HANFoiw EXPERIMSNTAL FiTE RIAL
hERCULES INCCRPORATEO
Process
Chemical
HOCKER
CHEMICALS
Div.
& PLASTICS
CGRP .
HGCVEl? DIIVE’RSAL CHEMICAL SPECIALTIES DIVISIOl~
J. K. CKANZ G CO. , INC.
NOBAY CHENICAL CORP.
MONSANTO CHEMICAL CC.
I
I
E
L-5
}iIL-HDEK-149B
TRADE NAME
INDEX CCDE
MANUFACTURER ‘S FULL NANS
MONTEDISON U.S.A. , INC.
PETRA-TEX CHSMICAL
PHILLIPS CHEMICAL CO.
Petrochemical and supply Div.
POLYMEK-WEST’ INC.
POLYSAR CO~RATION
LTD.
REICHOLD CHEMICRLS , INC.
RHONK-PfJULENC INC.
SWS sILICONES CORP.
TECH-SALES & ENGINEERING CO. , INC.
TEXAS-US CHEMICAL CORP.
THIoKoL CORP.
3M CONPANY , :
Commercial Chemicals
UNION CAFJ31DE CORP.
Silicones Div.
UNIROYAL CHEMICAL, Div. of Uniroyal, Inc.
Montedison
Petra-Tex
Phil lips
Polymer-West
Polysar
Reichold Chemicals
RbOne-POulenc
SWS Silicones
Tech-Sales
Texas-US Chemical
Thi@kcl
3M
Union Carbide
Uniroyal
,.
,.
.
..
,.
D-6
t.
,,
...
. . . .. . .. <,
1’-----INSTRUCTIONS.
I
..
submitting
In t contlnuins
commenti
effort
and suggestion
ta nmke Our stidudization
for impmvementi.
documenb
AU ucem 01 military
bett.ar, the DoD provides thlt form for w
Xandmiiration
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documenfa are invited to pr.vide
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fIMY be de~cb~.
folded ~OIUI the 0indi-t~i
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about Ptiicular
problem areas such - wording whkb requirsd interpretation,
wai
too rigid, restrictk~e, 1-,
problems.
uabiguouc,
02 WM incompatible,
Enter in block 6 any rematki
acknowledgement
wNl IN mailed
to
YOU
and gi$e pmpcaed
not misted to a specific
wording chang=
puagrapbof the document,
which wm!fd atlevime the,
If block 7 is titled .mt, an
30 daysh letyouknowNIrAyourcommentnwersreceived
and
within
are being
cotidered.
fib formmay notbeusedtorequest
copi-ofdocuments,
nortorequest
waivers,
deviations,
orclarification
of’
qxcif
ication
requkemenb
on current
contracts.
Cbmmentssubmitted
on thuformdo notconstituw
orimplya.tbmization
towaive any portion of the referenced document(a) or to amend contmctuat requirement.
NOTE:
I
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almu
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W@
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✌✎
●
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do.,
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DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
111111
F\
UNITED STATES
OFFICIAL
WSINESS
PENALTY
FOR
PRIVATE
USE
S300
BUSINESS REPLY MAIL
FIRST
CLASS
PERMIT NO.
IXM2
WASHINGTON
0.
C.
wILL BE PAID BY THE DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
POSTAGE
Director
US Army Materials
6 Mechanics
Research Center
ATTN : DRXNR-SMS
Watertown, f4A 02172
0
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STANDARDIZATION DOCUMENT IMPROVEMENT PROPOSAL
(seelnwudkwu - Rwus? W).
DOCUMENTNUMBSn
Z DOCUMENT
IL -HDBK-149B
NAME
TITLI!
OF SUBMl~lNO
OI?QANIZATION
4. TYPE
oe
01V3ANIZAT10N
Q
city,
stad.
ZIP
c+)
❑
USER
MArw,.m”.,n
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PR08LEM
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NUMBER
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MIL-HDBK-149 Rev. B

Transcription

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