Geological Structure Causes of the Rise in Burni Telong

Geological Structure Causes of the Rise in
Burni Telong Manifestations, Bener Meriah,
Central Aceh, Indonesia
Gartika Setiya Nugraha
Lecturer, Department of Geology Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
e-mail: setiya@unsyiah.ac.id
Marwan Ebubakar
*Lecturer, Geophysics Section, Department of Physics,
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Syiah Kuala University, Banda
Aceh, Indonesia
**Lecturer, Department of Geophysics Engineering.
Faculty of Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
e-mail : marwan.fisika@gmail.com
Dr. Susanti Alawiyah
Lecturer, Department of Physics Engineering,
Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung,
Bandung, Indonesia
e-mail: santi@gf.itb.ac,id
Dr. Sutopo
Lecturer, Department of Petroleum Engineering,
Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung,
Bandung, Indonesia
e-mail: sutopo@tm.itb.ac.id
ABSTRACT
Aceh is an area known for its rich natural resources, one of which is a source of geothermal
energy. Burni Telong mountain highlands of Central Aceh is one of geothermal energy sources
in Aceh. In Geology, the mountain Burni Telong is the result of volcanic activity in the past were
seen based material contained in the area, namely in the form of rock deposition results
Volcanics Telong (Qvtg). This study aims to analyze the potential of geothermal Mount of Burni
Telong based on geological structures that can be utilized as a source of renewable energy for
power generation in Central Aceh in the future. The method used is the field survey with the
approach in the field of Geology and Geophysics at Burni Telong. The result showed that on the
first pass and second pass manifestations indicate a fault. Results of this study concluded that the
geological structure of the fault led to the emergence manifestation Burni Telong around the
mountain highlands of Central Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia, and has the potential to be used as
renewable energy from geothermal energy for power generation in Central Aceh.
KEYWORDS:
Geothermal, reservoir, Burni Telong Mountain, power generation,
renewable energy, Central Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
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INTRODUCTION
Geothermal energy is heat energy stored in rocks below the earth's surface and contain fluid.
One use of geothermal energy in Indonesia is for power generation. Geothermal energy is a source
of power for generating heat Power Plant, that the system works relatively closely with thermal
power plant. However , the steam produced is steam that comes directly from the bowels of the
earth. Geothermal energy can be classified into two types , namely : High Temperature ( > 200 ° C )
that is usually found in areas volcanic arcs or mountain range , this type is commonly used as power
stations and while Low Temperature , commonly found in the area of the continental and commonly
used a hot water bath or for health ( Gapta , H , et al ., 2007) .
Until now, Aceh, Indonesia is still very dependent on electrical energy forces of North Sumatra,
Indonesia. Whereas on the other hand, Aceh is one of the areas in Indonesia which is rich in natural
resources potential. One of the natural resources contained in Aceh is a source of geothermal energy,
as found at Burni Telong Mountain in Central Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia. But until now, geothermal
energy sources in Aceh is still untapped. This has resulted in Aceh still depends on power supplies
from North Sumatra, Indonesia.
The fact also shows that in Aceh is very frequent electricity blackouts. The power outage will be
highly detrimental to various sectors including economy in Aceh. This is what underlies the need for
the development of new sources of electrical energy derived from renewable energy sources
(geothermal energy), especially in Aceh. One area that has the potential for geothermal is Mount of
Burni Telong highlands of Central Aceh, Indonesia. Burni Telong mountain highlands, Central
Aceh, Aceh province, Indonesia, located about 314 km to the distance of about 7 hours from the
capital of the province of Aceh, Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Geographically, Burni Telong located at
coordinates : N4o 46 ' 25.9 " E96o 49 ' 44.6 ". Location of the study of the region with elevations of
about 1900 m to 2300 m above sea level.
Geothermal energy sources are likely not going to run out, because the process of continuous
formation for the balance of the environmental conditions remain well preserved, including geology
and hydrology. Given this geothermal energy can not be exported, then the utilization geared to
meet domestic energy needs , thus geothermal energy will become a mainstay of alternative energy
and vital because it can reduce the dependence of Indonesia , including Aceh on fossil energy
sources are increasingly depleted . Geothermal energy sources can also provide added value in order
to optimize the utilization of renewable energy sources in Indonesia, especially in Aceh.
The aim of this study is to analyze the geothermal potential of the Mount Burni Telong based on
geological structures and geophysical analysis. The benefits of this research is to provide accurate
information and data on the potential of mountain Burnitelong as a source of renewable energy for
power generation in Central Aceh in the future so that the electricity needs of the Acehnese people
can be met. Research methods and data analysis using field survey by conducting geological
analysis of the surface of the mountain Burni Telong and geophysical analysis to predict the bottom
of the surface Burni Telong mountain, Central aceh, Aceh, Indonesia.
GEOLOGY OF THE REGION
Indonesia is geologically located at the confluence of three major tectonic plates, namely: Plate
Eurasian, Indian-Australian and Pacific are instrumental in the formation of volcanoes in Indonesia.
This geological conditions make a real contribution would be the availability of geothermal energy
in Indonesia. Geothermal manifestations which constitute not less than 244 locations spread across
the island of Sumatra (including in Aceh, as seen in Figure 1.), Java, Bali, Kalimantan, Nusa
Tenggara Islands, Maluku, Sulawesi, Halmahera and Irian Jaya, shows how the magnitude of the
wealth of geothermal energy stored in it.
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Figure 1: Potential of Geothermal In Aceh.
Sumatra is part of the mainland continent Sunda plate (Cameron, 1984). Alas Indian Ocean
(oceanic plate) and now start moving towards the north, infiltrated under the Java and Sumatra
(mainland Sunda continental shelf) with a speed of movement of about 6.5 cm /year (Huchon and Le
Pichon, 1984).
Figure 2: Regional Geology Map (source: JD Bennett, et al, Directorate of Geology,
Geological Research and Development Center, Bandung 1981).
Geologically, the island of Sumatra is traversed by fault / active faults, namely: Semangko Fault
which extends from Banda Aceh in the north to Lampung in the south. This fault is expected to shift
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about 11 cm / year. As seen in Figure 1 and 2, Aceh is one area that has great potential for
geothermal energy sources. Geothermal potential in Aceh there are about 1115 MWe and are around
17 locations. One source of geothermal energy in Aceh include Mount Burni Telong located in the
highlands of Central Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia. (Source: Department of Mines and Energy Aceh,
2013).
The location of research, namely: Mount Burni Telong. Mount Burni Telong an area results
depositional rocks Enang-Enang Volcanics (Qvee) composed of sediment volcanic intermediate
(polymict) aged Plistosen, Deposition Volcanics Pepanji (Qvp): composed of Sediment Deposition
intermediate (polymict) aged Plistosen, Deposition Volcanics Mr. (Qtvtu) composed of sediment
intermediate (polymict) Early Pleistocene age, Volcanics Telong (Qvtg) composed of sediment
intermediate volcanic (lava) Holocene age. (source: Cameron, NR, et al, Derektorat Geology
Geological Research and Development Center, Bandung 1983). Burni Telong crossed by major
faults, namely: Geureunggang fracture that extends from the area Samalanga to Takengon and some
minor faults were found in the vicinity.
RESEARCH METHODS
This study was a survey research field by conducting analysis in the field of Geology and
Geophysics. The location of research is Mount of Burni Telong in Simpang Balek, Bener Meriah,
Central Aceh, Aceh Province, Indonesia. The method used, including: data collection is done by
downloading satellite images Mount Burni Telong, data analysis using an analysis of Geology and
Geophysics analysis.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Results showed that Mountain Burni Telong, Central Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia has the potential
geothermal sources. It is shown from the geothermal surface manifestations Mount Burni Telong, as
follows:
1) Fumaroles / alteration
Outcrops of rock alteration consists manifestations (sulfur, skis mica, quartz, sandy tuff) and
Kaipohan (discharge gas, rumbling voice, and no anomalies of heat), at the location BTG01 (47N
256 413 523 562), as shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3: Fumaroles and alteration of Mount Burni Telong location
BTG01 (47N 256 413 523 562).
2)
Kaipohan
Kaipohan is the location of the gas discharge rumbling of Mount Burni Telong, no anomalies of heat,
temperature 22oCelsius, the location BTG01 (47N 256 413 523 562), as shown in Figure 4.
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205
Figure 4: Kaipohan of Mount Burni Telong located on site BTG01 (47N 256 413 523 562).
3)
Hot Water
Where the discharge of hot water from the bottom surface of the foot of the mountain Burni
Telong found in two locations with different temperatures, namely: location BTG03 (47N 256 172,
524 017) with a temperature of 42 degrees celsius, as shown in Figure 5 and the location BTG 23
(47N 255 957, 522 981) with temperatures above 50 degrees celsius, as shown in Figure 6.
Figure 5: The hot water from Burni Telong Mountain on location BTG03 (47N 256172nd,
524 017) with a temperature of 42oC.
Figure 6: The hot water from Mount Burni Telong location BTG 23 (47N 255 957, 522
981) with a temperature above 50 ° C (temperature measured on the pipe distribution).
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Geological analysis results indicate that the manifestations are at the foot of Mount Burni
Telong due to geological structures that pass through the area, include: the structure of the fault, and
the fault plane geological map as in Figure 7 and 8.
Figure 7: Geological map of Mount Burni Telong, Central Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
In the figure 8 is shown a map of the geological structure of Mount Burni Telong.
Figure 8: Map of Structural Geology Mount Burni Telong, Central Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
The results of geophysical analysis using the Schlumberger geoelectric resistivity configuration
in mountain Burni Telong, District highlands shows a picture of a cross section of third track
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resistivity measurements. Coordinates of the measurement path in the mountain Burni Telong can be
seen in Table 1 below:
Table 1: The position coordinates in the distance and trajectory of Mount Burni Telong.
Results of measurements of field data in the form of apparent resistivity values is processed
using software RES2DINV, then modeling for obtaining subsurface resistivity models. Modeling
results obtained cross-sectional picture of the subsurface as follows:
1. Tracks BT1
BT1 trajectory is the path from the northwest to the southeast with the coordinates of 4 ° 44
'03.9 "N and 96 ° 48' 08.7" E and 4 ° 43 '59.6 "N and 96 ° 48' 18.3" East. This measurement is
performed at the foot of Volcano Burni Telong the plantation area adjacent to the fumaroles
southeast of trajectory measurements. Measurement aims to compare modeling results obtained with
the actual geological conditions, as seen in Figure 9.
Figure 9: Sectional Subsurface resistivity BT1 trails of Burni Telong Mountain
2. Tracks BT2
BT2 trajectory is the path from the northwest to the southeast, with the coordinates of 4 ° 44
'14.2 "N and 96 ° 48' 06.2" E and 4 ° 44 '12.0 "N and 96 ° 48' 15.5" East. Track measurement
performed on the cut surface of the river that are in the area, as seen in Figure 10.
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Figure 10: Cross-section Subsurface Resistivity of BT2 trails of Burni Telong Mountain
3)
Track BT3
BT3 trajectory is a trajectory directed from the Northwest to the Northeast, with the coordinates
of 4 ° 43 '59.0 "N and 96 ° 48' 06.1" E and 4 ° 44 '08.0 "N and 96 ° 48' 11.0" East. This
measurement is done in the area of coffee plantations, as shown in Figure 11.
Figure 11: Cross-section Subsurface Resistivity of BT3 trails of Burni Telong Mountain.
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded that:
Finding the source of the manifestation of Mount Burni Telong, Central Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia,
in the form of: Fumaroles or alteration, Kaipohan, and Hot Water
Cross-section of the subsurface resistivity indicate a fault zone on the track BT1 and BT2
Running BT1 and BT2 passed through the manifestation
manifestations in Mount Burni Telong occurred due to a fault in the track BT1 and BT2
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