L`abbazia di Vezzolano by Bob Nyden
Transcription
L`abbazia di Vezzolano by Bob Nyden
L’abbazia di Vezzolano by Bob Nyden If you set out to find a perfectly charming old church in stunning Italian wine country, you could hardly do better than the Abbey of Santa Maria in Vezzolano. The brick-and-sandstone buildings rise naturally from the soil, comfortable after 900 years on a verdant hillside overlooking the hazy plains near Asti. Approached from the east along a minor local road, the antiquity is apparent in the largely Romanesque style and inevitable signs of alteration over the centuries—a mismatched alignment, filled window openings, variations in stone and brickwork. But this is not just another old building. It is one of the best-preserved ancient monuments in the Piedmont region of Italy, and has intriguing origins, rare architectural features and engaging art. L’abbazia di Santa Maria a Vezzolano Although there is a founding document dated 27 February 1095, local legend and well-preserved 14th-century wall art in the cloister give an older origin. It is said that in 774, Charlemagne suffered a seizure (perhaps epileptic) while hunting in the nearby forests of Albugnano and saw a terrifying vision of three skeletons climbing out of a grave and dancing about. Cured after appealing to Santa Maria, the Frankish ruler was inspired to found the abbey in Her name in thanks. Whatever the truth about Charlemagne may be, it is likely that a chapel existed on the site from the 8th c., perhaps as part of a castle or private dwelling now lost. Later, the regular Augustinians of the abbey took in pilgrims following one of the many pathways of the Via Francigena through Piedmont to Rome and Jerusalem. The present church grew unevenly through the end of the 12th century, incorporating Romanesque and Gothic features. The original west front is still to be seen, featuring three levels of blind Lombardian loggias and alternating terracotta brick and creamy sandstone. The lunette above the portal shows the Virgin enthroned, with Archangel Gabriel and a worshipper and the Holy Spirit coming to her as a dove. Above them is Christ in majesty with Archangels Michael and Raphael, and more angels of high order above them. There are a number of glazed terracotta plates and pieces embedded in the façade, including blue jewel-like roundels in Maria’s crown and brooch. Western façade Sarum Seminar News and Views Vezzolano, p.1 Pearlies, p.4 Evelyn McMillan, editor FALL 2011 Bells, p.7 In this issue: Rembrandt, p.7 Bob Nyden, layout, co-editor Program Notes, p.8 The church was originally a three-aisle basilica plan, but the south aisle was walled off in the 13th c. and annexed to the adjacent cloister, becoming its north walk. The crossvaulted ceiling makes striking use of red brick Portal carving detail stripes, as does the apse. Though the body of the church is now asymmetrical, what surprises even more is an unusually placed bridge and Gothic arcade cutting across the nave, known as a jubè.¹ This is akin to an English rood screen or chancel screen designed to separate the clergy from the laity. Because the body of the church is not very long, this screen feels to the visitor as if it’s just inside the door, leaving not much space for parishioners. More interesting to me than the placement is the decoration on the jubè. There are two rows of basrelief figures on the frieze. Although blue and other polychrome decorations Chancel screen, or jubè appear to be glazed or enameled, the figures are actually painted and highly polished limestone. The upper band shows three scenes from the tradition of the Dormition of the Virgin.² From the left are the symbols for the evangelists John and Luke, then the twelve apostles at the death of Mary. From the right are symbolized Matthew and Mark and the corporeal as well as spiritual assumption of Mary to heaven. At the center she appears in her triumphal arrival in paradise. The lower frieze depicts 35 of the 40 traditional patriarchal ancestors of Jesus, each carefully modeled and holding a banner with his name. The missing five—Abraham, Isaac and Jacob from the beginning; another Jacob and Joseph from the end—were once painted on the adjoining pilasters. Joseph is still there. The omitted sculptures are considered evidence that the frieze was not originally intended for this site but for one slightly wider. The style—which I can only describe with the Italian term simpatico—is that of one Niccolò, who was active in the mid 12th century. The inscription below the carvings includes Detail view of symbols for John and notice that the work was completed during the reign of Federico Barbarossa, Luke above three patriarchs. 1189. The subject, style and type of architecture used in the jubè are rare, and likely represent the best, and best preserved, example in Italy. Photomontage of the jubè frieze. Overall about 6.66 m (21.8’) wide. ¹ From the French jubé, a gallery or loft from which the words Jube, Domine, benedicere were spoken. ² Dormition or Assumption of the Virgin: The tradition holds that the Emperor Marcian and his wife Pulcheria [AD 450] wanted to possess the body of Mary, Mother of God. St. Juvenal, at that time Bishop of Jerusalem, made known to the Emperor that Mary died in the presence of all the Apostles, but her tomb, when opened at the request of St. Thomas, was found empty. After this, the Apostles believed that Mary's body was taken up to heaven along with her soul. The belief in the corporeal Assumption of the Virgin is universal in the East and in the West and is founded on an apocryphal treatise, written around the 4th or 5th century, and attributed to St. John. The subject appeared in Byzantine art around the 6th century. 2 14th-century fresco in the cloister. An intimate cloister provides a setting for comforting repose but also shelters a fine collection of frescoed walls. The best preserved, pictured here, is a 14th c. imagining of the Redeemer with symbols of the evangelists in the upper part and the nativity of Jesus including the Magi in the center. The bottom scene seems to show the legendary apparition of skeletons to Charlemagne and two of his knights. A monk helpfully suggests asking Santa Maria for help. The former lodge of the abbey houses a small exhibition graphically rendering geometrical and astronomical studies done recently about the proportions and siting of the church. (See below) One panel shows the relationships possible between a medieval builder’s square and the ratios used in dimensioning the building, making clear how the various ratios can be easily obtained. Another does the same for windows and arches using only circles. Other sections lay out how carefully the church was aligned with the astronomical compass. Because Mary is associated with the Moon (as Christ is with the Sun), a modern astronomy computer program was used to determine the sight lines those two bodies would have provided in the 12th century. It was found that the equinoctial sunset and matching moonrise would have shown through the windows and internal openings of the church as shown in the rendering below. A treatise by medieval mathematician and astronomer Guido Bonatti da Forli is cited as evidence for the strict application of astronomy in church planning. However, my wife, Cyndy, and I found during our visit to the abbazia that it is fine to ignore the specifics of history and analysis, to simply enjoy the stillness enhanced only by birdsong, and to revel in the beauty of both setting and structure. Aside from the endearing jubè statuary, there are striking carvings throughout the building, from religious figures to delicate foliage on column capitals. The building itself, from its alluring setting to the arresting brick-and-cream palette and uncommon physical features evoke for me the planners and builders from a past millennium, my favorite way to make history real. For more pictures of the church, visit this Italian Web-site: http://www.medioevo.org/artemedievale/Pages/Piemonte/Vezzolano.html Other references: http://www.comune.asti.it/turismo/itinerari‐turistici/abazzia‐vezzolano.shtml http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13181a.htm http://www.cultorweb.com/Vezzolano/V.html http://tars.rollins.edu/Foreign_Lang/Russian/assumpt.html Plan view, dimensioned in Roman cubits (1 cubit = 44.4 cm = 17.4 in.) Window layout using only a compass. Sarum Seminar News and Views Fall 2011 La luce a Vezzolano, sun and moon alignments. 3 The Pearly Kings and Queens of London by Bob Scott Our friend, Paul Rock, is a lifelong resident of London with whom we occasionally stay when we visit there. Paul's knowledge of the city and its hidden treasures are encyclopedic, and during our visits he often plans outings to places and events we would never otherwise know about. During one visit a few years ago he told us that his housekeeper, Carol Jolly, would be coming by the next day to clean and mentioned that she is one of London's Pearly Queens. This was our introduction to Pearlies. We met Carol who told us that she was the Pearly Queen of Westminster having inherited this title from her mother, whose family apparently traced its roots back to one of London's original Pearly Queens. She also revealed that on the first Sunday of October the Pearlies hold an annual harvest festival at their parish church of St. Martin-in-the-Fields, Trafalgar Square. Last October Julia and I visited London and arrived in time to attend the annual gathering of Pearlies at St. Martin’s. The accompanying pictures will give you some idea of the scene we encountered outside the church, unlike anything we had ever seen before on the streets of London—or anywhere else. Though it was hard to estimate their numbers as they were milling about on the front porch and steps of St. Martin's prior to the service, there were probably close to 40. There were Pearly Kings and Queens (we learned later that each borough has one or more of each), but also Pearly Princesses and Princes, some of them in their twenties and thirties, and even one young Cockney boy who looked to be six or seven. As you can see from the photos, their costumes were lavishly adorned with what look to be thousands of pearl buttons sewn onto the fabric of their clothing, covering their hats and shoes and adorning their handbags and other accoutrements. Many proudly displayed their title and borough on the back of their costumes. This event peaked my curiosity and led me to do some research about London Pearlies. I discovered a complicated story about a charitable institution whose members, while generous in doing good deeds, are now a community full of conflict, rivalries, bitter divisions, Pearly Kings, Queens, Princes and Princesses allegations of corruption, even a lawsuit. Most in front of St. Martin-in-the Fields, London surprising of all, the story ended with a direct connection to Salisbury Cathedral, which I will get to eventually. But first the story: who are the Pearlies and where do they come from? Pearlies date to the late 19th and early 20th centuries and originated among the Cockney costermongers (street traders) of London. Like everything about them, how they originated and who started them is a matter of dispute. One widely accepted version claims that Pearlies were the inspiration of Henry Croft, an orphan street urchin born in 1860 who wanted to help some of the needy he encountered on his daily rounds as a street vendor and rat catcher. Croft decided to establish a charity that would collect money to help those who were down-and-out. His organization combined three elements of Cockney sub-culture: 1) the practice of sewing mother-of-pearl buttons on the seams of their trousers and jackets (one version of the origin of that custom is that mother-of-pearl buttons became available in abundance because in the 1860s a large cargo from Japan was apparently dumped overboard in London and landed on the banks of the Thames); 2) the naming of Kings of particular vending areas in the streets of London to protect other Cockney venders from potential intruders on their turf; 3) the custom of passing the hat to help people in need. Croft's idea was to bring attention to his new charity by sewing vast 4 quantities of pearly buttons on his suit, recruiting "Kings" and "Queens" from each of London's 32 boroughs, and sending members out to collect money for charitable purposes. The original Pearly association was established in Finchley in 1911. Each borough was allowed to appoint multiple kings and queens but with the apparent understanding that one couple would hold a kind of "uber" title of king and queen representing each borough. In addition, by custom there was to be one "uberuber" king and queen for the whole of the city. Thus was born the Pearly Kings and Queens of London. Members who were designated as Kings and Queens adorned their clothing with ever more elaborate designs and quantities of mother-of-pearl buttons to the point that it was not unusual for some members to have as many as 12,000 mother-ofpearl buttons on their attire. There was even one costume that reportedly held 30,000 buttons and weighed more than 60 Pearly King and taxicab pounds. And one photo I found on the Internet shows a Pearly King London taxi driver standing next to his elaborately adorned pearly cab. These early Pearlies attended public events throughout London to raise money for their charity. One source reports that during his lifetime (Croft died in 1930) the society of Pearlies raised £5,000 for charity, most of it going to help support those who were suffering in London's hospitals or who were otherwise in need of financial relief. This custom of raising money for charity continues; at the ceremony we attended at St. Martin-in-the-Fields, members worked the crowd passing the bucket to collect donations for the needy. By the time of Croft's death there were Pearly Kings and Queens in each of London's boroughs, with more than 400 members—all of whom attended his funeral. Croft was buried in Finchley cemetery, and in 1934 a statue recognizing him as the original Pearly King was placed at his gravesite, paid for by the charities his work helped to support. It remained there until 1975 when it was vandalized, at which time it was removed to the crypt of St. Martin-inthe-Fields, where it presently resides. Perhaps this explains the connection between the Pearlies and St. Martin's. With exceptions, most contemporary Pearlies seem to agree on this account of how the Pearlies began. That said, they now disagree about nearly everything else related to Pearlies, making the details of their current history difficult to correlate. Much of the information that survives appears in advocacy pieces written by proponents on all sides of an increasingly rancorous series of disputes that has divided the community into warring factions. Knowing who to believe is no easy matter, so with apologies to any Sarumistas who may be closet members of one faction or another of the London Pearlies, here is my take on where matters presently stand. There is not one Pearly society but three, united only by rabid disagreement among themselves and a common infatuation with mother-of-pearl buttons. One major source of conflict between two of the three factions surrounds an allegation of misappropriation of funds dating back to the 1970s involving a member of the "Original" Pearlies, one Margaret Hemsley, treasurer and Pearly Queen of the Borough of Harrow. Repeated investigations of her activities have produced no evidence of wrongdoing, but the fact that such allegations were made resulted in hard feelings among rival groups of Pearlies that continue to fester. A second source of conflict involves the issue of who can and who cannot lay claim to being a "true" Pearly king or queen. As members of the original late 19th and early 20th century families of Pearly Kings and Queens of London died off, their titles were handed on to sons and daughters generation after generation to the present day. This practice made Pearly titles hereditary. The source of the current dispute between two of the three main Henry Croft’s statue. factions (see below) over inheritance of titles came about as a consequence of World Wars I and II. During the Great War, there were high casualty rates among British soldiers, many of them young men from London Cockney communities. During WWII, there were additional casualties among those serving in the military and also among the civilian populations of London during the Blitz who were either killed or made homeless and dispersed to communities outside of London. In consequence a number of Pearly titles became vacant and went unclaimed. To fill them, people who considered themselves original Pearlies began recruiting new members from among people who were regarded as friends of the Pearlies, individuals who had helped promote the Pearly cause but had no hereditary claim to Pearly titles. A problem arose between the Originals and the new recruits when some of these newly named members of Pearly royalty began to appear at public events representing themselves as "true" Pearlies, rather than mere agents of the originals. Sarum Seminar News and Views Fall 2011 5 Over time the original Pearlies and what some originals dismissively call "pretenders" were at each other's throats, hurling insults, questioning faux claims to titles, confronting one another at public gatherings, calling one another out as fraudulent and so on. It was in this context that the factions solidified. To set themselves apart from pretenders to the throne, original Pearlies created a new organization called "The Original Pearly Kings and Queens Association" (the "Association") with St. Martin-in-the-Fields its parish church; the rival group responded by organizing itself as the "London Pearly Kings and Queens Society" (the "Society") and adopted St. Paul's, Covent Garden, as its parish church. A third group, the Pearly Guild, was formed by members of both camps who were disgusted by actions of members of the other two groups and therefore announced that they wanted nothing to do with either of them. This war between and among them continues, further fueled by a practice adopted by the Society of reaching out to the larger Cockney community in London. In an apparent effort by Society members to locate and ultimately lay claim to unoccupied original royal titles, the webpage of the Pearly Society features the following invitation: "ARE YOU A PEARLY FAMILY RESTING YOUR FAMILY TITLE. IF SO, CONTACT US.” Periodic calls for understanding and detente by saner heads in all three organizations have come to naught, as have periodic invitations for Pearlies of all stripes to come together in communion at events such as the October Harvest Festival or their memorial service held each May in honor of the founder, Henry Croft. One such gathering held in 1975 at St. Martin-in-the-Fields began on a civil note but quickly deteriorated into highly visible squabbling that ended with pushing and shoving among the warring parties. Based on e-mail exchanges that have been posted on the Internet, there is every indication that relations between the members of the Association and the Society remain frosty and occasionally turn downright ugly with colorful exchanges of insults richly laced with Cockney aphorisms. Some “Originals" have taken to referring to members of the Pearly Society dismissively as "Plastic Pearlies" who have lost their senses by being "hit over the head with a bag of buttons.” One media report about the Pearly wars mentions a lawsuit (evidently still pending) in which the Society and the Association have gone to court to settle the question of who should have rightful ownership of a collection of original Pearly costumes, including Croft's original suit, and there continue to be allegations of impropriety in spending of funds raised by different groups of Pearlies. Perhaps the most heated debate centers around one Pearly King, George Major, who, depending on who is writing, belongs either to the Society or the Guild. Major laid claim to the title of Pearly King of Peckham and managed to gain considerable prominence by posing as spokesman for the larger Pearly community. Members of the warring camp began to investigate his background and discovered that he had spent time in prison for public welfare fraud. This gave rise to a form of character assassination that in turn drew defenders to his aid. The whole matter took a decidedly tawdry turn when two of Major's stepdaughters began publicly exchanging hostile messages about him. One daughter portrayed him as a fine father and role model for his children; the other countered by revealing that as youngsters local authorities had the two sisters removed from their home because of concerns about child abuse on his part. All in all, fairly ugly stuff. This is where matters presently stand, a kind of frostiness among the three groups, whose only bond appears to be that they all wear attire covered in buttons. So what has all this got to do with Salisbury Cathedral? Well, more than you might think. Nicholas Holtam has been the Rector of St. Martin-in-the-Fields for some time, and in 1997 he stepped into the middle of the Pearly wars in an effort to make peace among the three warring factions. He invited members of all three organizations to St. Martin's to attend a consecration service that proved to do little more than provide yet another occasion for the public spewing of venom. And who, you may wonder, is Nicholas Holtam? Well, later this fall he will be installed as Nicholas, the next Bishop of Sarum! Small world. 6 A Tour of the Whitechapel Bell Foundry by A. Richard Jones Tours of the Whitechapel Bell Foundry on Whitechapel Road in London are extremely popular: tickets go on sale 1 September for the following year and usually sell out in a few days. This foundry has been in business probably from 1420, and surely from 1570, to the present. It cast Big Ben and the Liberty Bell (although the colonists had to recast the Liberty Bell twice). In recent times, its business has suffered because bells seldom wear out, and most churches have all the bells they require. To stay in business, the foundry has turned to hand-bells and bell frame renovations. Nevertheless, they still cast large bells in the traditional way. Naturally, they are big fans of hand-bell choirs and change ringing —the more bells in the peal, the better. The process for large bells begins with making molds—an exterior mold and an interior mold—from loam, a mixture of sharp sand, clay, horse manure, and goat hair. The bell is cast by pouring a molten tin/ copper alloy between the inner and outer molds. Once cooled, the bell is removed from the molds and tuned. This fascinating process involves removing metal from various locations inside the bell so that the Exterior mold with template still inside. fundamental, or ‘buzz tone’ and the first four overtones become the desired fundamental note and its first four harmonics. Long experience and some sophisticated math during tuning achieve an accuracy of a hundredth of a semitone for all five of these notes, usually in less than a day’s work. One customer demands a much higher accuracy: 1/100 of a cycle per second. That requires tuning at a controlled temperature and takes days to accomplish, but they do it. Besides the founding operation for large bells, shops scattered about the building make the accoutrements to bells: frames, wheels, ringers, ropes, etc., and make the smaller bells with a simpler casting process using sand frames. The very knowledgeable guide discussed everything anybody asked in depth, with apologies to the uncomprehending. Several videos at http://www.projectexplorer.org/ms/se/whitechapel.php provide an excellent tour substitute. The foundry’s website is http://www.whitechapelbellfoundry.co.uk/index.htm Photo: A. Richard Jones Rembrandt’s Power by Asa Mittman My wife and I travelled to the Netherlands for the first time in June. We stayed in a lovely flat in Amsterdam, adjacent to the Prinsengracht, and travelled to Haarlem and the Hague. While standing before the Rembrandt self-portrait in the Mauritshuis, I was struck nearly to tears. Painted in the last year of his life, and possibly his last of nearly 100 self-portraits, it is a breathtaking work. This had as much to do with context as with the work, of course—I had seen only the day before his earliest surviving painted self-portrait, that from 1628 in the Rijksmuseum. The youthful work is a whirl of self-confidence, of promise and bold exploration of new techniques to render not only three-dimensional form but also light, and the moods it can convey. 1628 The late work is heartrending not because Rembrandt’s powers of representation are diminished. Quite to the contrary, it is because they are so clearly in evidence. By this point in his life, Rembrandt had lost everything—his 1669 parents, his brothers, two wives, three of his children, and also his great wealth, culminating in the auction of his home and furnishings. Everything, that is, except for that which made him great in the first place: his ability to render, through subtle manipulations of tone, not only form, light, and shadow, but a tremendous, almost overpowering sense of individual character and emotion. Sarum Seminar News and Views Fall 2011 7 Sarum Seminar’s 2011-12 Season By Julia Fremon, Program Chair & Treasurer We have an exciting line-up of Sarum seminars and events this year—you can mark your calendar now for dates all the way through March. Late spring details will follow soon. We’ll kick off the year with a party! Lynn Carr has generously offered once again to host the Members’ Potluck in her lovely Los Altos garden. (The address will be included in the invitation e-mailed to dues-paying Sarum Seminar Members closer to the date.) Saturday, September 24, 5:00-8:30 pm The seminar season begins in October with a special appearance by Sarum Seminar’s old friend, Tim TattonBrown. Tim was the Cathedral Archeologist at Salisbury Cathedral for many years, and also works on other great churches in England as well as writing books and scholarly articles on his findings. Besides lecturing in our courses in Salisbury and at Stanford in the early years, some of you will remember that he led us around Romsey Abbey and Winchester Cathedral, sharing his extensive knowledge of Gothic architecture and English history. For this seminar he will tell us about two of his more recent projects, Westminster Abbey—The Marble and Porphyry Pavements & Deconstructing the West Front. Thursday, October 13, 7-9 pm at CASBS, 75 Alta Road, Stanford (6-7 brown-bag). In November we move down to campus for the first of this year’s free public lectures in the Medieval Matters series that we co-sponsor with Stanford Continuing Studies and other University departments. We are delighted to host Anthony Grafton, the noted Princeton University historian. If you Google him, you will see his long list of books on a wide range of subjects and his many awards. His Stanford talk is titled, Jewish Ritual in Christian Eyes: Crossing Cultures and Religions in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries. Wednesday, November 2, 7:30 pm at Geology 105, Stanford. ☞ This lecture will be preceded by a Medieval Matters Reception hosted by Sarum Seminar and the Office for Religious Life, in the beautiful Round Room at Memorial Church, where we can meet the speaker and the other Medieval Matters sponsors. This event will be open to all our own paid-up members and faculty. ($10 drop-in fee for Basic Members—another reason to sign up for a Full Membership where all seminars and receptions are pre-paid!) Wednesday, November 2, 5:15-6:30 at Memorial Church Round Room, Stanford. Then what better holiday treat than an evening with our own Virginia Jansen, where we’ll hear what she has been learning in her travels around the cities of Central Europe and Italy. An architectural historian and Professor Emerita at UC Santa Cruz, Virginia specializes in the history of medieval cathedrals and secular buildings, and lately has been 8 focusing on urban planning. She was in Poland earlier this year and is off to Croatia this month, whose cities will be new to most of us. Her talk is, Chaotic or Planned? City Development in the Middle Ages—A Discussion Masquerading As a Travelogue. Tues., December 13, 7-9 pm at CASBS (6-7 brown-bag). In January we will hear from our fellow Sarum Seminar Members with short talks about their researches, reading, and interesting travels. Start thinking about what you’d like to present and zap me a note. Monday, January 9, 7-9 pm at CASBS (6-7 brown-bag). Then it’s time for another Sarum Seminar tradition, the January Potluck at the Joneses' house in Los Altos Hills. Ann is hoping to include a musical program of some sort. Stay tuned for details. Saturday, January 7, 21 or 28, 5-9 pm The Medieval Matters lecture that was postponed last May due to illness of the speaker has been rescheduled for Winter Quarter. Robert Durling, Emeritus Professor of Italian & English Literature at UC Santa Cruz, will talk about his work of many years, the acclaimed translation of Dante’s entire Divine Comedy into English. His lecture is titled, Dante Now. Thursday, February 2, 7:30 pm at Annenberg Auditorium, Stanford. ☞ The lecture will once again be preceded by a Medieval Matters Reception, 5:15-6:30 at Memorial Church Round Room. See November for details. The popular evening hosted every year by John Mustain, Stanford’s Special Collections Librarian, will be held in March this year. For his presentation of Medieval Treasures and Other Delights, John assembles a fascinating display of rare books and manuscripts from the Stanford collection, focusing on a particular theme that he knows will be of interest to our members. Wednesday, March 7, 7-9 pm at Green Library, Stanford. We are still working on seminar plans for April and May. We expect to have another Medieval Matters lecture and reception during this time, plus a seminar at CASBS. Stay tuned. Our June speaker is set, thoughKerry McCarthy, a Stanford Ph.D. and Early Music Singer now on the music faculty at Duke University. Kerry traveled with us to Salisbury several times and spoke to our group while she was developing her dissertation. It will be exciting to see her and to hear what she’s working on now. June date to be announced, 7-9 pm at CASBS (6-7 brown-bag). Finally, it’s always fitting to end the year as it began, with another party. Can you host the Members' Potluck in late May or June? If it seems a daunting task to take on alone, consider teaming up with another member you’ve gotten to know over a brown-bag supper on seminar nights.