Geothermal state of play Bulgaria - South

Bulgaria - State of the art of country and local
situation
Table of contents
1. Geothermal resources
Geothermal potential
Low-enthalpy geothermal potential
Low-enthalpy geothermal reserves
Location of geothermal reserves
Hydrogeological consideration (lithology)
2. Geothermal exploitation installations
Locations of exploitation places
3. Hybrid geothermal installations
4. Case study
4.1.Geographical overview of the region
Characteristics of the relief
Climate
Temperature
Solar radiation
Hydrography
Vegetation
Pedology
Geology
Landuse
Territorial administrative units
Economy
4.2 Technology
Power plant description (Flash steam plants, Dry steam plants, Binary plants)
4.3 Biomass energy
Solar radiation
Biomass potential distribution
Biomass sources
Biomass installations and their characteristic parameters
Biomass production thermal/electrical
Energetic technical potential (TJ/year) per source of biomass
Calorific power (Kcal/mc)
Uses
4.4 Biogas energy
Biogas installations and their characteristic parameters
Uses
List of figures
Figure 1- Map of geothermal potential in Bulgaria
Figure 2- Map of low enthalpy geothermal potential in Bulgaria
Figure 3 - Map of distribution of geothermal reserves in Bulgaria
Figure4 - General lithology of aquiferus from Bulgaria
Figure 5- Map of exploitation location of geothermal resources in Bulgaria
Figure 6 - District of Pazardjik –case study from Bulgaria
Figure 7- Localization of district Pazardjik in Bulgaria
Figure 8 - Section through relief from Bulgaria
Figure 9 - Network of rivers from Bulgaria
Figure10 - Geological map of Bulgaria
Figure 11- Physical map of Bulgaria
Figure 12 - Map of distribution of welling in Bulgaria
Figure 13 - Administrative situation of the district of Pazardjik
Figure14 - Technological scheme of geothermal installation
Figure 15 - Map of distribution of solar radiation in Bulgaria
Figure 16 - Average annual solar radiation in Bulgaria
Figure 17 - Chart of solar radiation per month in Bulgaria
Figure 18 - Map with biomass potential in Pazardjik District
List of tables
Table 1 – District of geothermal resources from Bulgaria
Table 2 – Average temperatures and humidity in Bulgaria
Table 3 – Temperatures of fluids per districts in Bulgaria
Table 4 – Distribution of the territory of Pazardjik District from the land use point of view
Table 5 – Types of solar collectors currently available
Table 6 – Distribution of biomass in Pazardjik District
Table 7 – Unused biomass potential in Pazardjik district
1. Geothermal resources
Geothermal potential
There exist approximately 1000 thermal springs and aquifers in Bulgaria (Fig.1), and generally those
identified in the southern regions consist of relatively shallow hot springs, while the northern regions
have been developed only through deep well borings. Drill depths for those discovered and evaluated
resources in the southern regions range in depth from 100 – 1500 m, while the northern regions range
from 100 - 5000 m in depth. The majority of these deep well borings have been implemented and
financed over the years by the government.
Estimates as to the overall potential of unexploited, probable, and possible resources to be in the
neighborhood of 1800 MWt.
Although at the present Bulgaria does not generate any power from geothermal sources, it has been
estimated that the country’s estimated power generation potential is 200 MWe.
Figure 1 - Map of geothermal potential in Bulgaria
Legend:
1. Moesian plate (stratified reservoirs)
2. Sredna gora, incl.Balkan zone (secondary stratified reservoirs, fractured reservoirs)
3. Rila-Rhodopes massif (predominantly fractured reservoirs)
4. Major wells and groups of wells discovering stratified reservoirs in a plate region
5. Hydrothermal sources associated with waters from fractured reservoirs located in Southern
Bulgaria.
6. Hydrothermal sources associated with waters from secondary stratified reservoirs located
in Southern Bulgaria.
Low-enthalpy geothermal potential
In 1998, the Geological Institute of the Bulgarian Academy for Sciences completed a re-assessment of
the geothermal resources from 162 known fields. That assessment found a temperature range between
20°C and 100°C, with the majority of the reservoirs in the 20°C - 30°C and 40°C - 60°C ranges.(Fig.2)
Figure 2 -Map of low enthalpy geothermal potential of Bulgaria
Low-enthalpy geothermal reserves
Bulgaria has a sizable reserve of geothermal energy and is rich in low enthalpy geothermal waters. The
country has been utilizing approximately 37 percent of its total potential, or about 109.6 MWt
producing some 1 671.5 TJ of energy per year, for use in space heating and air conditioning,
greenhouses, drinking water, and for balneology purposes.
Studies have estimated the overall potential in unexploited, proven reserves to be approximately 440
MWt of thermal energy.
Location of geothermal reserves
Map of distribution of geothermal reserves in Bulgaria is showing below (Figure 3).
Figure 3- Map of distribution of geothermal reserves in Bulgaria
Hydrogeological considerations (lithology)
Cross sections
In the figure below is showing cross section through lithology of geothermal reserves from Bulgaria
(Fig.4).
Fig.4 - General lithology of aquiphers from Bulgaria
-
Depth of the aquifers- Up to 3 500 meters
Number of drilled wells-170
Temperature of wellhead- Between 20 oC – 98 oC
Thermal gradient- From 20 oC to 100 oC at a depth of 1000 m
Chemistry
Established chemical water content (TDS) varies respectively, in:
- Southern Bulgaria - from 0.1g/l up to 1.0 g/l (only for a few sites it is between 1 g/l to 15g/l)
- Northern Bulgaria - from 0.1g/l up to (100g/l - 150g/l).
About 70% of the thermal waters are slightly mineralized (<1g/l) with fluoride concentration ranging
from 0.1 to 25mg/l, various metasilicic acid concentrations (up to 230mg/l) and of mostly low
alkalinity. In comparison to most of the European mineral waters, the Bulgarian ones have a lot of
advantages: low TDS close to the optimal one typical for potable water, high purity level especially in
terms of anthropological pollution, microbiological purity and a variety of water types .
Flow rate (l/s)
The total dynamic flow rate of sub thermal and thermal waters run up to 4600 l/s , of which
3000 l/s is the flow rate of the revealed thermal waters of T>25°C.
About 43% of the total flow rate are waters of temperature between 40 oC-60 oC.
Installed power (MWt)
The total installed capacity amounts to 109.70 MWt (incl. balneology). The annual energy use is
1671.43 TJ/year (at average load factor 0.48).
2. Geothermal exploitation installations
Locations of exploitation places
Geothermal space heating marked insignificant progress in the last decade although it is of a high
environmental importance especially in the spas mostly situated in mountainous and sea resorts.
Several small new buildings using simple schemes have been heated in the last five years.
Lack of investments, some legal and organizational problems are the major obstacles for the
geothermal development in the country.
Currently going process of managing water resources through concession regime has set the
geothermal development on a new basis. About 26 concessions have been delivered for geothermal
energy use of the state-owned sources within last 5 years. The new managers declared their intention to
provide more complex thermal water application but for the time being mostly renovation of the
existing systems are carried out.
Map of installations locations of exploitation places from Bulgaria is showing below. (Fig.5)
Fig.5 – Map of exploitation locations of geothermal resources in Bulgaria
Table below show the maximum utilization , capacity and annual utilization per aquiphers (districts)
from Bulgaria . ( Table 1)
Table 1- Districts of geothermal resources from Bulgaria
Types - that produce electricity, heating, or both - Only heating
Capacity or actual max. possible use- Actual – 109,7 MWMax. – 750 MW
Flow rate (kg/s)- 1 719
Temperature (Inlet /outlet)- 60 oC / 30 oC
Power (MWt/ hour)109,7
Ave flow (kg/s) - 836,63
Energy per year (TJ/yr) - 1671,49
Capacity factor-0,44 - 0,60
3 . Hybrid geothermal installations
To date no hybrid geothermal installations are located in Bulgaria.
4.Case study (Pazardjik)
4.1 Geographical overview of the region
Geographical position
The District of Pazardjik (Fig.6) is situated in the central part of South Bulgaria (Fig.7) and its area size
is 4458 sq.km., which is 4 % of the total country’s area. The bigger part – 56,7 % represents forested land,
and 36 % are agricultural lands.
The highway “Trakia” passes through region’s territories, and this highway is actually part of the
international transport corridor № 8 connecting Black sea with Adriatic sea. Region’s main railway line is
the international rail corridor CE-70 which connects Central Europe with Asia.
The regional center, town of Pazardjik, is at a distance of 100 km east of the capital Sofia, and 37 km
west of Plovdiv – the second largest city in Bulgaria.
Figure 6 - District of Pazardjik –case study from Bulgaria
Figure7 - Localization of district Pazardjik in Bulgaria
Characteristics of the relief
Relief in the region is diverse (Fig.8) mountainous (parts of Ihtimanska and Sashtinska Sredna Gora,
West Rhodopes and Rila) and flat (Pazardzhik-Plovdiv field which is the west part of the Upper
Thracian Valley) .
Altitudes of some popular settlements in the region, meters
Panag
Batak Belov Bratzi Veling Vetre Kosta Pazar
Pesht Rakito Septe Strelc Sarnit
yurish
o
govo rad
n ndovo dzhik
era
vo mvri ha
za
te
1 036 330
425
755
400
770
205
540
425
811
237
490 1 210
Figure 8 – Section through relief from Bulgaria
Climate
The climate is continental characterized with summer droughts. This climate is transitional between
temperate continental climate of the Danubian plain, and transitional Mediterranean climate of
Southeast Bulgaria. The average annual temperature is 12.5 degrees, and the average temperature in
January is 0.2 degrees. As a result of the quick increase of temperatures at the end of wintertime, spring
starts early.
Precipitations
The rainfall in the area depends of the cyclone winds, northwestern, southwestern and southern,
northeastern and eastern. Stara planina and Sredna gora stand on the way of free penetration of the
rainfall from cyclone winds from north and northwest, Rhodopa’s to the southern - Mediterranean
rainfall. In this way, for the Thrace valley there are less rainfalls than is the average annual rainfall of
Bulgaria. Because Pazardjik is situated under humid shadow from the surrounding mountains, the
annual sum of the rainfall is 515 mm. In Pazardjik most of the rainfall is in summer - 142 mm (27.6%)
and in spring - 27 %. The summer rainfall often is torrential and not enough for the agricultural
products, especially for the second cultures.
Characteristic features for the Pazardjik field are the frequent droughts, showing mostly during the
second half of July and first half from August.
Temperature
Average temperature is showing below (Table 2)
Table2- Average temperature and humidity in Bulgaria
Average air temperature, оC
Average
atmospheric
pressure, hPa
Absolute
maximum
Absolute
minimum
Humidity, %
Average
2008
991.5
12.9
42.5
-8.5
68
2009
991.9
12.1
38.5
-10.1
72
2010
991.9
11.5
39.4
-15.1
72
2011
992.7
12.0
39.0
-20.8
71
2012
991.5
11.8
40.5
-20.5
73
Year
Solar radiation
1 440 W/m2
Hydrography
Bulgaria has a dense network of about 540 rivers (Fig.9), but with the notable exception of the Danube,
most have short lengths and low water-levels.
Most rivers flow through mountainous areas; fewer in the Danubian Plain, Upper Thracian Plain and
especially Dobrudzha. Two catchment basins exist: the Black Sea (57% of the territory and 42% of the
rivers) and the Aegean Sea (43% of the territory and 58% of the rivers) basins. The longest river
located solely in Bulgarian territory, the Iskar River, has a length of 368 km (229 mi). Other major
rivers include the Struma and the Maritsa River in the south.
The Balkan Mountains divide Bulgaria into two nearly equal drainage systems. The larger system
drains northward to the Black Sea, mainly by way of the River Danube. This system includes the entire
Danubian Plateau and a stretch of land running forty-eight to eighty kilometers inland from the
coastline. The second system drains the Thracian Plain and most of the higher lands of the south and
southwest to the Aegean Sea. Although only the Danube is navigable, many of the other rivers and
streams in Bulgaria have a high potential for the production of hydroelectric power and are sources of
irrigation water.
Of the Danube's Bulgarian tributaries, all but the Iskar River rise in the Balkan Mountains. The Iskur
flows northward to the Danube from its origin in the Rila Mountains, passing through Sofia's eastern
suburbs and through a Balkan Mountain valley.
The Danube gets slightly more than 4% of its total volume from its Bulgarian tributaries. As it flows
along the northern border, the Danube averages 1.6 to 2.4 kilometers in width. The river's highest water
levels usually occur during June floods; it is frozen over an average of forty days per year.
Several major rivers flow directly to the Aegean Sea. Most of these streams fall swiftly from the
mountains and have cut deep, scenic gorges. Maritsa with its tributaries is by far the largest draining all
of the western Thracian Plain, all of the Sredna Gora, the southern slopes of the Balkan Mountains, and
the northern slopes of the eastern Rhodopes. After it leaves Bulgaria, the Maritsa forms most of the
Greco-Turkish border. Struma and the Mesta (which separate the Pirin Mountains from the main
Rhodopes ranges) are the next largest Bulgarian rivers flowing to the Aegean. Struma and Mesta reach
the sea through Greece.
The Rila and Pirin mountain ranges feature around 260 glacial lakes; the country also has several large
lakes on the Black Sea coast and more than 2,200 dam lakes. Many mineral springs exist, located
mainly in the south-western and central parts of the country along the faults between the mountains.
The Bulgarian word for spa, transliterated as banya, appears in some of the names of more than 50 spa
towns and resorts including Sapareva Banya, Hisarya, Sandbanks, Bankya, Varshets, Pavel Banya,
Devin, Velingrad and many others.
Figure 9 - Network of rivers from Bulgaria
Vegetation
Forest lands occupy 55% of the total area covered by the region, and agricultural lands cover about
35%.
The Regional forest fund is 487,595,585 m3, out of which about 40% are coniferous wood, and 60%
broadleaved wood.
Pedology
Soils in the Pazardjik-Plovdiv plain are very fertile – black earth soils (Vertisols*), maroon soils (Chromic
cambisols), and deluvial-alluvial soils (Colluviosols-Fluvisols).
* The name is according to FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) taxonomy
These soils are favourable to grow fruits, cereal crops, vegetables, hops (Humulus lupulus), tobacco,
oleaginous crops and ethereal oil crops such as sunflower, rapeseed.
The high-mountain part of the region is covered mainly by Cambisols, which are good precondition for
growing potatoes and developing a pasture stock-breeding.
The fertile alluvial and deluvial soils around rivers, and the so called meadow alluvial and deluvial
soils right next to the above have a significant importance to the Pazardjik plain. They cover half of its
total area. Alluvial and deluvial meadow soils have light- yellowish colour, they are clay-sandy, and
rich in organic nutrient substances (humus is 1,5% and more), and they are often refreshed by new
alluviums. These soils are warm, air-seeping, easy to soak, and for this reason they need to be irrigated
often, as well as fertilizing. They are favourable and fertile for many agricultural crops: vegetables,
fruits, especially apples, lucerne, wheat, barley, maize, sunflower, etc. Among the areas of these two
types of soils, there is also another type of soil which can be often met in the same area – the dark
meadow marsh soil (Gleysols), which is very fertile. They are formed because of: slumps in the plain,
or too old river-beds, or abundant artificial irrigation in the past. There are such conditions by the
riversides of Maritza, and Topolnitza, as well as north-eastwards and eastwards of Pazardjik, and other
places.
The Pazardjik plain contains a lot of saline soil (Solonchaks) as well. They are situated north of
Pazardjik town.
Geology
Due to the lack of information at Regional level, we describe the situation at National level:
Bulgarian territory is characterized by a complex and diverse geological structure. It is built of rocks of
different origin, various lithological and petrologic compositions and of Quaternary to Archean and
Proterozoic age.
Bulgaria is divided into three major geological units (Fig.10) :
- Moesian plate
- Sredna gora zone (incl. Balkan zone) and
- Rila-Rhodopes massif.
The Moesian plate has a Caledonian-Hercynian basement and a cover of Upper Paleozoic and
Mesozoic sediments. Their thickness decreases from about 6-7 km in the west down to several hundred
meters in the east. The main geothermal reservoirs in the platform area are situated in the carbonate
strata of Malm-Valanginian, Middle Triassic and Upper Devonian age. They consist of up to 1000 m
thick artesian aquifers built up of limestone and dolomite, very fractured and with high permeability.
The Sredna gora zone is a rich and heterogeneous hydrothermal region where unstratified (faultfractured), stratified and mixed hydrothermal systems are present. Hydrothermal circulation takes place
in the fractured massif of granite and metamorphic rocks and in the Upper Cretaceous volcano sedimentary deposits.
Thermal reservoirs are formed also in many postorogenic Neogene – Quaternary grabens filled up with
terrigenious deposits.
The western Rila-Rhodopes massif is mainly built of Precambrian metamorphic and granite rocks,
fractured by a dense system of seismically active faults. Unstratified hydrothermal systems with
thermal waters of low salinity, meteoric origin and of highest measured temperature up to 100oC are
found in this area. The metamorphic basin contains some large bodies of marble that act as
hydrothermal reservoirs. Permeable terrigenous-clastic materials in the deep Neogene and Paleogene
grabens also contain thermal waters.
The eastern part of the massif is not rich in thermal waters.
Legend:
Fig.10 - Geological map of Bulgaria
Hidrogeology – overview
Physical map of Bulgaria is showing below (Fig.11)
Fig.11- Physical map of Bulgaria
Spatial distribution of wells
Maps of spatial distribution of drillings is showing in Fig.12.
Fig.12 - Map of distribution of welling in Bulgaria
Depth of the aquifers-20 – 2 500 m
Aquifer thickness-7 – 30 m
Flow rate (l/s)
The total dynamic flow rate of sub thermal and thermal waters run up to 4600 l/s , of which 3000 l/s is
the flow rate of the revealed thermal waters of T>25°C.
About 43% of the total flow rate are waters of temperature
between 40 oC-60 oC.
Temperature of the fluid
Temperatures of fluids in each district are showing in Table 3 , similar with table 1.
Table 3- Temperature of fluids per districts in Bulgaria
The chemistry of the fluid
Established chemical water content (TDS) varies
respectively, in: - Southern Bulgaria - from 0.1g/l up to 1.0 g/l (only for a few sites it is between 1 g/l
to 15g/l) - Northern Bulgaria - from 0.1g/l up to (100g/l - 150g/l).
About 70% of the thermal waters are slightly mineralized (<1g/l) with fluoride concentration ranging
from 0.1 to 25mg/l, various metasilicic acid concentrations (up to 230mg/l) and of mostly low
alkalinity. In comparison to most of the European mineral waters, the Bulgarian ones have a lot of
advantages: low TDS close to the optimal one typical for potable water, high purity level especially in
terms of anthropological pollution, microbiological purity and a variety of water types.
Land use
Distribution of the territory of Pazardzhik District is showing in Table 4:
Table 4 – Distribution of the territory of Pazardjik District from the land use point of view
Land type
Area (ha)
%
Total territory 445,691.70 100
Agricultural
land
158,092.30
35
Forests
243,889.30
55
Urban
territories
12,148.20
3
Lakes, dams,
water sources
11,475.00
2
17,458.10
4
Ores and
mi n e r a l s
areas
Roads and
infrastructure
2,628.80
1
Territorial administrative units
The district of Pazardzhik is one of the 28th regions in Bulgaria according to the administrativeterritorial division as of 1999 (Fig.13). Following the accession of Bulgaria to the European Union for
the purposes of strategic planning, the country was divided into six regions: Northeast, North Central,
Northwest, Southeast, South Central, and Southwest. Pazardzhik district is located in the west part of
the South Central planning region. It comprises 11 self-governing municipalities and which include
117 settlements and 96 mayoralties situated on 4,458 sq. km., which is 4% of the total country territory.
The greater part (56%) is forested areas and 36% is agricultural lands.
Fig.13-Administrative situation of the district of Pazardjik (Bulgaria)
Economy
There are favorable factors for the development of industry, agriculture and tourism in the region.
Currently fairly well developed branches of the industry in the region are power engineering with its
unique complex of hydroelectric stations Chaira, Belmeken, Sestrimo and Momina Klisura of 1615
MW total power capacity and three smaller water power stations; timber and wood processing with the
largest number of companies registered in this field of activity; engineering and metal processing;
chemical industry with pulp and paper, rubber, car battery and bio-medical production; ore mining and
mineral extraction for the extraction and processing of copper, marble, granite, sand and lime, dolomite
and muscovite; food processing with several fruit and vegetables, wine, diary, meat and cereals
processors and textile, tailoring, leather and shoe industries.
4.2 Technology
Technological scheme of the installation (Fig.14)
Fig.14 - Technological scheme of geothermal installation
4.3 Biomass energy
Solar energy
Map of distribution of solar radiation is showing below (Fig.15)
Figure 15 – Map of distribution of solar radiation in Bulgaria
Solar energy potential (Intensity of solar radiation (kWh/sqm-yr)
Map of distribution of annual solar radiation – kW/sq.m is showing in Figure 16.
Figure 16 – Average annual solar radiation in Bulgaria
The coverage degree of solar energy during the year (%)
Map of distribution of solar radiation in Bulgaria is showing in chart from Figure 17.
Figure 17 – Chart of solar radiation per month in Bulgaria
Types of solar-thermal collectors and their characteristic parameters
Solar energy collectors are special kind of heat exchangers that transform solar radiation energy to
internal energy of the transport medium. The major component of any solar system is the solar
collector. This is a device which absorbs the incoming solar radiation, converts it into heat, and
transfers this heat to a fluid (usually air, water, or oil) flowing through the collector. The solar energy
thus collected is carried from the circulating fluid either directly to the hot water or space conditioning
equipment or to a thermal energy storage tank from which can be drawn for use at night and/or cloudy
days.
There are basically two types of solar collectors: no concentrating or stationary and concentrating. A no
concentrating collector has the same area for intercepting and for absorbing solar radiation, whereas a
sun-tracking concentrating solar collector usually has concave reflecting surfaces to intercept and focus
the sun’s beam radiation to a smaller receiving area, thereby increasing the radiation flux.
A large number of solar collectors are available in the market. A comprehensive list is shown in Table
1 [20].
In this section a review of the various types of collectors currently available will be presented. This
includes FPC, ETC, and concentrating collectors.(Table 5)
Table 5 – Types of solar collectors currently available
Technologies and equipment for recovery of solar radiation (photovoltaic systems)
Photovoltaic systems (PV system) use solar panels to convert sunlight into electricity. A system is
made up of one or more photovoltaic (PV) panels, a DC/AC power converter (also known as an
inverter), a racking system that holds the solar panels, electrical interconnections, and mounting for
other components. Optionally it may include a maximum power point tracker (MPPT), battery system
and charger, solar tracker, energy management software, solar concentrators or other equipment. A
small PV system may provide energy to a single consumer, or to an isolated device like a lamp or a
weather instrument. Large grid-connected PV systems can provide the energy needed by many
customers. The electricity generated can be either stored, used directly (island/standalone plant), or fed
into a large electricity grid powered by central generation plants (grid-connected/grid-tied plant), or
combined with one or many domestic electricity generators to feed into a small grid (hybrid plant).
Systems are generally designed in order to ensure the highest energy yield for a given investment.
As according to the Bulgarian National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP), the estimated
contribution of solar energy until 2020 are the following:
- for production of electricity: 0 GWh
- for production of heat energy: 21 ktoe
Biomass potential distribution
Biomass potential distribution
The region of Pazardzhik comprises parts of the largest Bulgarian mountains, the Rodopi mountains,
the Rila mountain and the Sredna Gora mountain so forestlands occupy 55% of the total area covered
by the region representing 6.6% of the overall forestland areas of the Republic of Bulgaria. Especially
important at a national level is to precisely stipulate the rights and duties of the new owners following
the completion of the process of restitution of forestlands. Attracting foreign investment in this
particular sector will be helpful mostly in the field of introducing new scrap-free technologies and
providing new international markets for current producers. Below follows some statistics about forest
fund in the region:
Regional forest fund - 487 595 585 m3,
Annual growth - 751 798 m3.
Annual extraction – 511 222 dense m3
Annual turnover - 68% of the annual growth
A good potential for production of pellets and chips 13 local forest administration, 1 regional
Maps with regions with biomass potential is showing below (Figure 17)
Figure 18 –Map with biomass potential in Pazardjik District
Distribution of the territory of Pazardzhik District of biomass is showing in table 6
Table 6 - Distribution of biomass in Pazardjik District
Land type
Area (ha)
%
Total territory
445 691.70
100
Agricultural land
158 092.30
35
Forests
243 889.30
55
Urban territories
Lakes, dams,
water sources
Ores and
minerals areas
12 148.20
3
11 475.00
2
17 458.10
4
Roads and
infrastructure
2 628.80
1
Biomass sources
1. Forest biomass
2. Residues from wood processing industry.
3. Agricultural residues.
4. Biomass from stock-breeding
5. Solid urban waste
6. Landfill gas
7.Biogas from wastewater
Biomass installations and their characteristic parameters
Biomass production thermal/electrical
Energetic technical potential (TJ/year) per source of biomass
Unused biomass potential in Pazardjik District and its energy content is showing in Table 7.
Table 7 – Unused biomass potential in Pazardjik district
Type of residual
Twigs and lopping
Residues from wood-processing industry
Solid agricultural residues:
Unused quantities
28 700 dense m3/y
2 000 t dry pulp/y
Energy equivalent,
toe/y
5 948
920
- Straw
- Cornstalks
- Flower stalks
- Vine sticks
- Fruit tree twigs
- Tobacco stalks
Residues from stock-breeding and energy
content of biogas
Solid urban waste and the energy equivalent
when combusting it in installations
Landfill gas
Biogas from wastewater treatment installations
Total:
4 908 t/y
1 375 t/y
2 189 t/y
7 557 t/y
2 552 t/y
1 276 t/y
1 670
1 375
482
1 660
510
255
12 606 412 m3
5 481
162 884 t/y
16 200
13 030 720 m3
1 637 025 m3/y
5 597
695
40 793
Calorific power (Kcal/mc)
Uses
As according to the Bulgarian National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP), the estimated
contribution of solid biomass energy until 2020 are the following:
- for production of electricity: 514 GWh
- for production of heat energy: 1053 ktoe
4.4 Biogas energy
Biogas installations and their characteristic parameters
Uses
As according to the Bulgarian National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP), the estimated
contribution of biogas energy until 2020 are the following:
- for production of electricity: 351 GWh
- for production of heat energy: 20 ktoe