Air freight at a glance

Air freight at a glance
PM Air
Version 1.0/2013
Photo: © Kai-Uwe Gundlach
The fastest route to
and from your markets.
When it comes to transporting goods over a long distance, air freight is
the fastest connection. Air freight can drive your business and open up
new opportunities for you – especially when you rely on the solutions
of an experienced provider who operates all over the world.
2
Global approaches –
from door to door.
Photo: © Schenker Deutschland AG
Benefits4
Documentation for your exports and imports
5
Methods of payment in foreign trade
6
Incoterms – terms of delivery
7
Liability8
Calculation of freight
9
Loading10
Dangerous goods in air transport
12
Airlines – abbreviations and codes
13
Subject-specific terminology
14
DB Schenker Austria – our branch offices
15
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Photo: © Rüdiger Nehmzow
Benefits
Coupled with more accurate and comprehensive
costs, air freight often provides benefits, which ultimately represent the determining factor for this
mode of transport:
freight arrives quickly, meaning the customer is
able to use it sooner;
avoidance of production bottlenecks;
lower packaging costs;
low risk of damage – less intrusive mode of
transport;
lower insurance premiums;
tracking and tracing;
DB Schenker has a global network of branches
located at the world‘s major airports (‚everything
from one single source‘);
higher capital turnover and lower funding
requirements;
air freight facilitates the international sale of
various goods (flowers, fruit, vegetables, news papers, etc.);
less warehouse stock, more flexibility;
competitiveness is enhanced thanks to shorter
delivery and procurement times.
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Photo: © Rüdiger Nehmzow
Documentation
for your exports
We need the following documents from you:
1. shipping order – sender, recipient, content,
terms of delivery, number of packages, weight,
dimensions;
2. invoice – commercial or pro forma invoice,
includes the value of all the goods listed, also of
goods delivered at no cost or under guarantee;
3. letter of credit copy – if the sale is made using
an L/C (letter of credit);
4. other documents – such as veterinary certificates,
dangerous goods declarations, certificates of origin,
declaration of known shipper, etc.
Required in certain cases:
dangerous goods declarations;
phytosanitary certificate (e.g. wood packaging).
DB Schenker issues the following documents:
1. single administrative document/export – for
customs clearance of goods with a value of more than
EUR 1,000 (if you do not clear the goods independently
beforehand);
2.air waybill – this is an accompanying document.
It may not be issued ‚by order‘; the recipient must be
specified by name. The air waybill is the certificate
issued by or on behalf of the sender and proof of the
contract on the forwarding of goods by air concluded
between the sender and carrier.
The air waybill (AWB) also serves as a:
proof of receipt for the goods to be forwarded;
shipping list (which possibly contains special
instructions of the sender);
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document for the requirements of the customs
authority during export, import and transit;
confirmation of delivery;
certificate of insurance if insurance is arranged
by the carrier.
The air waybill is globally standardised and consists
of a series of numbered forms with the same content.
The first three sheets are originals and have the terms
of the contract on the reverse side:
original 1 for the issuing carrier;
original 2 for the recipient;
original 3 for the sender;
copy 4 is a confirmation of delivery.
3. HAWB (house air waybill) – the HAWB is needed
for every consolidation and facilitates separate
processing of each individual lot.
Documentation
for your imports
The following documents are required for imports
by air:
commercial invoice;
packing list.
Required in certain cases:
import permit;
certificates of origin.
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Photo: © corbis.de
Methods of payment in foreign trade
Clear terms of payment must be agreed on in the contracts of sale due to the contrasting interests.
The most important and common can be summed up in the following terms:
a
dvance payment;
l etter of credit (L/C);
documents against payment (D/P);
d
ocuments against acceptance (D/A);
cash on delivery (COD);
open terms.
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Photo: © Rüdiger Nehmzow
Incoterms – terms of delivery
The Incoterms are standardised terms of delivery.
Their use is recommended by the International Chamber
of Commerce to facilitate the completion of a goods
purchase (latest version: 1/1/2010).
seller
agreed point
of delivery
In addition to the obligations of the seller and buyer,
the Incoterms deal with the place and time of transfer
of risk, distribution of cost, as well as export, transit,
and import obligations and charges.
For more information and support please contact your
local DB Schenker office.
port of
loading
way of
transport
port of
discharge
named
destination
buyer
EXW
FCA
alongside ship
FAS
on board
FOB
on board
CFR
on board
CIF
CPT
CIP
DAP*
delivered at place
DAT*
delivered at terminal
incl. import clearance
DDP
seller‘s risk
buyer‘s risk
seller‘s cost
buyer‘s cost
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Photo: © Rüdiger Nehmzow
Liability
Liability of the airline
The carrier‘s liability is governed by the IATA and
amounts to a maximum of EUR 21.71 per kilogram
(gross weight) for loss or damage (19 SDR = 19 special
drawing rights = EUR 21.71/kg).
Liability of the carrier
The AÖSp (general terms and conditions of Austrian
freight forwarders) applies to all activities of the carrier
in matters of liability. The foregoing is supplemented
by carrier insurance and transport insurance.
Damage caused by the injured party represents important reasons for exemption from liability. As a general
rule, the burden of proof is on the carrier.
Carrier insurance is a kind of liability insurance. Transport insurance covers certain transport-related risk to
property, regardless of the event giving rise to liability;
however, it does not replace carrier insurance.
Complaint periods
The complaint period for externally visible damage
expires on acceptance by the recipient. In the case of
damage that is not externally visible, it expires immediately upon detection but no later than 14 days after
acceptance of the goods.
Limitation period
The limitation period is two years from the day on
which the aircraft arrives at the place of destination.
Every transport order is subject to carrier insurance;
however, the ordering party may impose a prohibition
on insurance. In such cases, the carrier’s liability is
limited in accordance with the AÖSp.
Complaint periods
The complaint period for externally visible damage
expires on delivery of the goods. In the case of other
damage, i.e. not externally visible, it expires immediately
upon detection but no later than six days after acceptance of the goods.
Limitation period
The limitation period is six months according to the
AÖSp and starts when the damage is detected or upon
delivery of the goods at the latest.
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Calculation of freight
The freight is calculated according to the gross weight or the volume of the
shipment. In the case of volume, the largest rectangular dimensions apply. It
is also referred to as volume ratio 1:6. The packages must be measured at the
outermost points and the cm figures rounded to whole numbers (e.g. 50.5 cm =
51 cm, 34.2 = 34 cm, etc.).
The result is rounded to half or full kilograms. In the case of several packages,
the results are first added and then rounded.
The so-called volume-kilograms are defined as follows:
L x W x H of the packages (cm) = volumetric weight (kg)
6,000
When co-operating with foreign companies, you are often confronted with
measurements that are uncommon in Central Europe.
The following table can be
Lengths:
1 inch
1 cm
1 foot
1 m
Weights:
1 pound
1 kg
used as a guide:
= 2.5400 cm
= 0.3937 inch
= 0.3048 m
= 3.2808 foot
= 0.4536 kg
= 2.2046 pound
How to calculate your freight – Example 1
Number of packages
1
Total weight of the packages
60 kg
Length/Width/Height
60/50/ 40 cm
60 cm x 50 cm x 40 cm = 120,000 cm3 = 20 kg (volumetric weight)
6,000
6,000
Since the actual weight (60 kg) is higher than the volumetric weight (20 kg), the actual total weight of
the packages (60 kg) represents the chargeable weight.
How to calculate your freight – Example 2
Number of packages
10
Total weight of packages
45 kg
Length/Width/Height
50/30/20 cm
10 X 50 cm x 30 cm x 20 cm = 300.000 cm3 = 50 kg (volumetric weight)
6,000
6,000
Since the volumetric weight (50 kg) is higher than the actual total weight of the packages (45 kg),
50 kg represents the chargeable weight.
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Photo: © Rüdiger Nehmzow
Loading
International aircraft types
Model
Three types of aircraft are used for international
freight traffic:
pax version (passenger aircraft) – normal passenger
aircraft, where cargo holds are situated in the lower
cargo compartment – referred to as lower deck.
Height 60-160 cm (depending on aircraft type),
maximum weight up to 35 tonnes (depending on
number of passengers);
freighter – cargo aircraft used only for the shipment of goods. Up to 300 cm load height (main
deck) and max. load weight of up to 140 tonnes
(depending on aircraft type);
combi: only produced by Boeing. The rear section
of the aircraft follows the design of a freighter and
the front section that of a passenger aircraft. The
advantage of this type is that it provides the best
possible combination between freight and passenger;
max. load height is 250 cm to 300 cm.
McDonnell Douglas
MD-81/MD-87
Max. height of
cargo hold
73 cm
Boeing 727
111 cm
Boeing 737
86 cm
Fokker 100
60 cm
Fokker 50
65 cm
Airbus 320
114 cm
Airbus 330/340/380
160 cm
Boeing 747/763 (pax version)
160 cm
McDonnell Douglas MD 11
160 cm
MD 11F (freighter)
240 cm
Boeing 747 (freighter and combi)
300 cm
Boeing 777 (freighter)
300 cm
A distinction is also made between short-haul and
long-haul flights. The types of aircraft shown in the
table are partially used for short-haul flights only.
Therefore special attention should be paid to package
dimensions.
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AKE
Pallet with net
AMU
RKN
AAP
Loading
Pallet with net
AKE container
Special air freight pallets or containers are used for
loading individual goods. They have the same name
and dimensions all over the world and guarantee that
the aircraft is loaded and unloaded as quickly as
possible.
The aircraft‘s loading plans indicate the type and the
slot for transportable pallets.
Examples of pallets and containers:
10‘ pallet with net
IATA code
LD-3
Tare
82 kg
Size
193 x 145 x 155 cm
Usable volume
4.3 m3
Max. gross weight
1,588 kg
AMU container
IATA code
LD-39
Tare
290 kg
Size
462 x 239 x 142 cm
Usable volume
15.77 m3
Max. gross weight
5,035 kg
AAP container
IATA code
P6P
IATA code
LD-9
Tare
120 kg
Tare
215 kg
Size
318 x 224 cm
Size
291 x 206 x 147 cm
Usable volume
11.15 m3
Usable volume
9.1 m3
Max. gross weight
3,174 kg
Max. gross weight
4,624 kg
20‘ pallet with net
RKN container
IATA code
PGA
IATA code
LD-3 Container
Tare
500 kg
Tare
210 kg
Size
608 x 244 cm
Size
201 x 153 x 163 cm
Usable volume
33.25 m
Usable volume
3.6 m3
Max. gross weight
11,340 kg
Max. gross weight
1,588 kg
3
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Photo: © Schenker Deutschland AG
Dangerous goods in air transport
Similar to land transport, a number of stringent legal
provisions must be strictly adhered to when shipping
dangerous goods by air (Dangerous Goods Regulations
– DGR).
The legislator has compiled a positive list which is
used as a basis for classifying goods. That batteries,
lighters, adhesives, aerosols, etc. are already regarded
as dangerous goods is often overlooked.
Since this sensitive area, in particular, is changing
all the time, staff members from practically every air
freight department attend a training course every two
years so as to be constantly up-to-date.
A safety data sheet containing any necessary details
is provided by the product manufacturer or supplier.
The provisions are frequently amended. Please contact the air freight specialists at DB Schenker to ensure
your documents comply with the latest regulations.
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Photo: © sharply_done, fotolia.com
Airlines – abbreviations and codes
IATA codes – also known as two-letter codes – are
the abbreviations of individual airlines and assigned
by the International Air Transport Association (IATA).
They consist of a combination of two letters and/or
numbers and are used mainly – but not only – when
issuing flight tickets and in passenger information
systems; they form the first two digits of a flight
number (CH 872, for example).
The following example shows the IATA codes together
with corresponding airlines.
Two-letter
Threedigit
Airline
Two-letter
Threedigit
Airline
CH
872
Bemidji Airlines
IB
075
Iberia
KL
074
K.L.M.
AY
105
Finnair
EK
176
Emirates
BA
125
British Airways
AF
057
Air France
MP
129
Martinair
LX
724
SWISS
TK
235
Turkish Airways
KE
180
Korean Air
CI
297
China Airlines
SV
065
Saudi Arabien Airlines
RJ
512
Royal Jordanien
OZ
988
Asiana
BR
695
EVA Air
VS
932
Virgin Atlantic
AB
745
Air Berlin
CV
172
Cargolux
TG
217
Thai Airways
LA
045
Lan Airline
SU
555
Aeroflot
MH
232
Malaysia Airlines
TP
047
TAP - Air Portugal
SQ
618
SIA
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Subject-specific
Air freight
rate
Broken down as follows:
M/M - minimum
(N)-ormal-rate
+45 kg
+100 kg
+300 kg
+500 kg
+1,000 kg
Calculation made per kilogram in the
respective currency
AWB
Airwaybill
CAD
Cash against delivery = provision that
states that the agreed payment must be
made on submission of certain
documents (usually the bill of lading)
MAWB
Master air waybill for
the entire grouped or direct shipment
M/M
Minimum freight
Payload
Load in a container
PAX
Instruction for dangerous goods that
may also be loaded on passenger aircraft
Security
surcharge
Airline‘s security surcharge per kg
TACT
The air cargo tariff
THC
Terminal handling charges = fees
of the shipping company for handling the
goods
TLC
Three-letter code. Every airport has
a code consisting of three letters,
e.g. FRA = Frankfurt, CGN = Cologne,
VIE = Vienna
ULD
Unit load device
(such as a container or pallet)
Volume
Volumetric weight in air freight in the ratio
1:6; calculation: L cm x W cm x H cm/6000
= volumetric weight, which is set in relation
to the actual weight of the shipment. The
higher weight is regarded as the chargeable
weight
Cargo aircraft
only (CAO)
Instruction for dangerous goods that may
be loaded only on cargo aircraft
COD
Cash on delivery
Customs
clearance
Customs clearance
Customs
entry
Customs declaration
DGR
Dangerous Goods Regulations = governs
the transportation of dangerous goods by
air
ETA
Estimated time of arrival
ETD
Estimated time of departure
Freight
prepaid
Sender or supplier pays for the freight in
advance
Metric
English
1 cm
0.3937 Inches 1 Inch
2.54 cm
Freight
collect
The buyer pays for the freight on receipt of
the goods
1m
3.281 Feet
1 Feet
0.305 m
Fuel
surcharge
Airline‘s fuel surcharge per kg
1m
1.094 Yards
1 Yard
0.914 m
1g
1 Ounce
28.35 g
Gross weight
Weight of the goods and packaging
0.0353
Ounces
HAWB
House air waybill for the grouped cargo
shipment
1 kg
2.205 Pounds
1 Pound
0.4536 kg
1.000 kg 1.102
Short tons
1 Short ton
908 kg
IATA
International Air Transport Association
1 cm²
16.3873 cm²
International Civil Aviation Organization
0.061
sq-Inches
1 sq-Inch
ICAO
Lower deck
Loading on the lower cargo deck
(passenger and cargo aircraft)
1 m²
35.3134
sq-Feet
1 sq-Feet
0.0283 m²
1 m²
1.3079
sq-Yards
1 sq-Yard
0.765 m²
1 km
0.621373
miles
1 mile
1.60934 km
Main deck
Loading on the main cargo deck
(cargo aircraft)
Conversion table
English
Metric
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DB Schenker Austria – our branch offices
DB Schenker Bad Ischl
SCHENKER & CO AG
Traunkai 45b
A-4820 Bad Ischl
Phone+43 (0) 5 7686-265900
Fax +43 (0) 5 7686-265909
badischl@schenker.at
DB Schenker Ried
SCHENKER & CO AG
Magerlstraße 3
A-4910 Ried im Innkreis
Phone+43 (0) 5 7686-275900
Fax +43 (0) 5 7686-275909
ried@schenker.at
DB Schenker Graz
SCHENKER & CO AG
Alte Poststraße 452
A-8055 Graz-Puntigam
Phone+43 (0) 5 7686-231900
Fax +43 (0) 5 7686-231909
graz@schenker.at
DB Schenker Salzburg
SCHENKER & CO AG
Gewerbegebiet Aupoint
Gottfried-Schenker-Straße 2
A-5101 Bergheim
Phone+43 (0) 5 7686-261900
Fax +43 (0) 5 7686-261909
salzburg@schenker.at
DB Schenker Klagenfurt
SCHENKER & CO AG
Flughafenstraße 20
A-9020 Klagenfurt
Phone+43 (0) 5 7686-241900
Fax +43 (0) 5 7686-241909
klagenfurt@schenker.at
DB Schenker Kufstein
SCHENKER & CO AG
Gewerbepark Süd 8
A-6330 Kufstein
Phone+43 (0) 5 7686-256900
Fax +43 (0) 5 7686-256909
kufstein@schenker.at
DB Schenker Lienz
SCHENKER & CO AG
Aguntstraße 11
A-9900 Lienz
Phone+43 (0) 5 7686-257101
Fax +43 (0) 5 7686-257109
lienz@schenker.at
DB Schenker St. Pölten
SCHENKER & CO AG
Lilienfelder Straße 4
A-3106 St. Pölten-Spratzern
Phone+43 (0) 5 7686-221900
Fax +43 (0) 5 7686-221909
stpoelten@schenker.at
DB Schenker Vorarlberg
SCHENKER & CO AG
Interpark Focus 50
A-6832 Röthis
Phone+43 (0) 5 7686-255900
Fax +43 (0) 5 7686-255909
vorarlberg@schenker.at
DB Schenker Wien
SCHENKER & CO AG
Gottfried Schenker Straße 1
A-1110 Wien
Phone+43 (0) 5 7686-211900
Fax +43 (0) 5 7686-211199
wien@schenker.at
all Photos: © SCHENKER & CO AG
DB Schenker Innsbruck
SCHENKER & CO AG
St. Bartlmä 6
A-6020 Innsbruck
Phone+43 (0) 5 7686-251900
Fax +43 (0) 5 7686-251909
innsbruck@schenker.at
DB Schenker Linz
SCHENKER & CO AG
Flughafenstraße 20
A-4063 Hörsching
Phone+43 (0) 5 7686-271900
Fax +43 (0) 5 7686-271909
linz@schenker.at
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Publishing Data
Subject to change without notice
No guarantee for representations made
Version from September 2013
Phone +43 (0) 5 7686-210900
Fax +43 (0) 5 7686-210909
www.dbschenker.com/at
Photo title: © Jürgen Effner
SCHENKER & CO AG
Stella-Klein-Löw-Weg 11
1020 Vienna
Austria