Global MacroScape: Looking for Rocky Marciano
Transcription
Global MacroScape: Looking for Rocky Marciano
RBC Dominion Securities Inc. RBC Capital Markets, LLC (Head of Cross Asset Strategy) (416) 842-9629 jordan.kotick@rbccm.com (Cross Asset Strategist) (212) 618-3539 jay.govender@rbccm.com Jordan Kotick Jay Govender September 14, 2015 Global MacroScape – Looking for Rocky Marciano Inside (click below to go to articles): Surveying the MacroScape Fed hike aftershocks That’s Hot Oil Slick Data Watch Getting Sentiment-al: S&P500 FORWARD Monthly and Quarterly Correlation Matrix Shaken & Stirred – week ending 09/11/2015 Cross Asset Snapshot Methodologies Exhibit 1: VIX distribution following the traditional seasonal trajectory. Surveying the MacroScape The key question is whether China and its policies will lead to contagion for global markets and global growth. While bearish for EM, we believe China fortifies the multiyear process of market/country winners and losers within an asset class. Blanket bullish or bearish will remain an unprofitable strategy. Call it market timing, call it selectivity, call it active portfolio management. As for the Fed, we are reminded of Berlin and International Chess Grandmaster (1950) Freidrich Saemisch (1896-1975) who, in a championship match, famously waited 45 minutes before making his first move. Bear market rallies look better than the real thing, a market maxim that often rings true. Proper equity bottoms tend to see drift, chop, retests, whippiness, seemingly random trade and base building. It is like a fighter getting knocked down. He does not pop right back up but rather tries to find his footing, staggers, gets his bearings, puts his head back on his shoulders, and then gets back into it. While the speed of the equity correction was surprising, the direction was not. As we noted in early summer, keeping the “hurricane shutters” up seemed prudent (given the newly declining internals among other things). The bearish seasonal window begins to close into Oct. as we highlight on page 1 (return distribution of the VIX). We were bearish EM in Jan., we are bearish now, we will remain(1) bearish going forward (in a word: Brazil). The focus is the Fed of course. The market has priced approx. a 30% chance the Fed will raise rates. Our economics team however expects they will raise (despite the unsolicited advice the Fed receives from the World Bank and IMF). Accordingly, we took a look this week across the assets for their cumulative reaction after the hiking cycle begins. We also looked at oil given the (bearish) ongoing stock build. (i) Source: Bloomberg. RBC CM Cross Asset Strategy Fed hike aftershocks With the Fed meeting later this week we thought it a good time to look at the cross market implications of a rate hike. In order to do this though we had to first define a hiking cycle and then find its beginning. We defined a hiking cycle as a period in which the Fed raised rates by at least 100bps from the nadir over a period of at least 18 months. We identified 6 such occurrences starting in 1972, 1976, 1983, 1986, 1994 and 2004. Upon identifying the start dates for the hiking cycles we then turned to the asset classes to calculate average returns on the day of the hike, one week, one quarter and one year later. Yield behavior was the most interesting of the set with miniscule negative changes on the day and an unaggressive trajectory one week later, suggesting markets tend to anticipate initial moves. When one moves out one quarter and one year, the bear flattening trajectory consistent with Exhibit 2: Put/calls hit rarely seen bearish extremes (contrarian) in the Aug. swoon. Source: Bloomberg, RBCCM Cross Asset Strategy For Required Conflicts Disclosures, please see page 9. Global MacroScape: Looking for Rocky Marciano Exhibit 3: Post hike yield behavior CAD (not shown). Finally we examined commodities where we found evidence of outsized returns at the onset of a hiking cycle. All three examined assets bested their 365 day rolling average returns by over 4%. Copper is far and away the standout bull beating its rolling 1y average return significantly. Gold also performed well, besting its 1y rolling average by 4.14%. That’s Hot Market signals to watch for – Bullish signs will be more chop and a hiking cycle (and common sense) chase (base building), improving breadth/internals, less volume/vol. on becomes apparent. The movement of the 3m, as one downticks than upticks, sentiment would expect, closely mimics the reaching bearish extremes (closing in average cumulative hiking cycle while 5s currently), the bearish seasonal window and 10s lag. An obvious point but we still passing, and capitulation trading. Bearish signs will be credit spreads wanted to run the numbers. Equities too behave in a not coming in, EM remaining under predictable manner with initial reactions pressure, falling commodities, US in both the US and abroad indicating a Transports continuing their historic knee jerk lower of between 0.25% and underperformance and of course 0.61% the day of the initial move. Chinese asset weakness continuing. Central Banks – 1) significant daily Overall however, this bearish move is move in Japanese equities last week subsequently faded as the average 12 (Nikkei 225 up 7.71%) partially month period after the hiking cycle motivated the potential for lower began ended on a positive note. corporate tax rates and suggestion that The most surprising asset class was Foreign Exchange where expected USD there may be another ¥2trn in stimulus strength gave way to USD weakness vs coming. 2) Draghi begins clearing the both the JPY and GBP. The 5.57% drop in way for further QE (in “size, composition the USD index over the course of a year and duration”) if global market after an initial hike confirms that for FX, volatility/bearishness (low oil, China, EM interest rate differentials are key, not key drivers) continues, especially if it simply US interest rates. To note, the threatens the budding European USD is not universally panned after a recovery. 3) BoE minutes remained hike however – while it may lose ground optimistic on UK economy despite to JPY, it gains ground on the likes of admitting risks to global economy. Rates Exhibit 4: Average market reactions (in %) after an initial Fed hike. Source: Bloomberg, RBC CM Cross Asset Strategy (2) (i) left at record low levels of 0.5%, 8-1 in favour of not raising rates. Oil Slick Volatility in oil markets continues to expand as highlighted by the oil VIX printing its highest value (74.29) since March 2009. We remain in the bearish price camp near term looking for a further downturn in price as a condition necessary to balance the market through supply destruction. This past week’s 2.57mb stock build underscores continued excess production risks just as refineries have to gear down for fall maintenance schedules. Additionally, “US production proving extremely resilient in this current price environment could further 1 exacerbate the race to the bottom.” Despite the weakness in prices it seems Saudi Arabia is willing to let prices fall further to push out the higher cost producers such as offshore and higher cost tight oil. They have even moved away from a Venezuela backed OPEC meeting stating that such a meeting would not result in a curtailment of supply. Russia meanwhile continues to keep the taps wide open. The weakness in the Ruble has helped to blunt some of the pressure of lower oil prices. While oil accounts for nearly 60% of exports the lower prices mean lower Russian tax rates which act as a buffer and help to spur productivity. The net effect is a supply side game of chicken where no one wants to be the first to cut. Source: Bloomberg, RBCCM Cross Asset Strategy September 14, 2015 2 Global MacroScape: Looking for Rocky Marciano Exhibit 5: Strong US labor market, JOLTS data in the stratosphere. Source, RBCCM Cross Asset Strategy, Bloomberg Data Watch turbulence is clearly still weighing heavily…” 2 Whether the Fed wants to go against hobbling equity markets, imploding EM markets and sliding commodity markets with Fed Funds saying a 28% chance of a Sept. liftoff will be interesting. As for China, the Shanghai and Shenzhen were up for the week, data was fragile though not as weak as expected: lower exports YoY (-5.5%, exp. -6.6%), with Trade Balance at $60.24 bn vs exp of $48 bn. PBOC Governor Zhou Xiaochuan claims the stock market correction is “mostly over,” as they continue to prop up their markets/economy. We fade that but at the same time, the market did not matter to the economy on the way up, its effects are minimal on the way down. The economy will weaken further. While it started with Romania (Jan. 7, cut of 25 bps intheir policy rate to 2.50%), 28 countries have since followed suit by lowering rates. In this competivive devaluation (FX Hunger Games) rd landscape, last week, NZ cut again (3 time this year, another 25bps, cash rate now at 2.75%) and Serbia (yes, Serbia…) cut its key policy rate 50 bps to 5.00%. Bottom line, Fed week, Tom Porcelli and team belive they will raise rates. We have 3 main takeaways from Tom and team: 1) “the unemployment rate fell to a much lower than anticipated 5.1%...their unemployment rate estimates for this year have to come down.” 2) “Once the Fed tightens, we think the baseline pace will be every other meeting.” 2) Finally “if (emphasis ours) the equity markets calm down…The recent financial market Exhibit 6: Sentiment on the S&P closing in on bearish extremes. As for the US, JOLTS was staggeringly strong (as shown) with the 5753 new cycle high print. The labour market continues to strengthen. Small Business Optimism was up small (95.9 vs 95.4 prior). Michigan closed the week with weaker than expected sentiment readings (85.7 vs exp. 91.1). More talk from Japan (Yamamoto, Kuroda) that 2% inflation remains their dream, we mean target, with potentially an expansion of further monetray easing if need be (we do not know how to say whatever it takes in Japanese). We maintain 140/150 USD/JPY targets medium term at miniumum and a bullish view of Japanese equities, a view we have had since 2014 (Springtime for Kondratieff perhaps). As for Europe, Schaeuble announced there will be a supplementary budget for Germany given the refugee crises. Data wise, the highlight was Euro area Q2 GDP: a solid 0.4% with a revision higher to 0.5% last quarter: “its fastest pace since 2011…the growth impulse was…evenly balanced between domestic and external demand relative to what was observed at the start of the year…a solid report.”3 As for the Greek election, between the New Democracy and Syriza, what was neck and neck now has Syriza in the lead according latest polls. Getting Sentiment-al: S&P500 Extremely bearish indeed. But not enough. That is our bottom line on market sentiment. This, alongside others like Market Vane, AAII etc are definitely in the onesided bear camp but not yet at the one sided, historically extreme (recent history) bear camp. This implies that major markets like the S&P should chop through their seasonal bearish window (September) but the risk is still for higher volatility, corrective downside ahead of deeper bearish sentiment extremes and a riper buying opportunity into year end. Source: tradefutures.com, RBC CM Cross Asset Strategy September 14, 2015 3 Global MacroScape: Looking for Rocky Marciano FORWARD Encapsulations Equities EM equities staged a bounce last week. We are believers/bullish on Japan, bearish most others. US leadership shifts consistent with equity correction, not bear market. Please see Robert Sluymer’s (our chief equity technical strategist), work for more detail.4 Fixed Income US belly choppy with little triggers to note. But 2s above 75/77 bps will send bearish shockwaves Peripheral European 10s (Greece, Italy, and Ireland) tighten against Germany on back of potential increase in QE. Emerging Markets Downgrade causes Real and Brazilian bonds to fall. Further upside for USD/BRL expected Mixed FX week: Bearish - TRY, IDR, MYR, BRL. Bullish ILS, ZAR, KRW, SGD, PLN, RUB, CLP, HUF, CZK Commodities Larger than anticipated gain in oil stocks partially offset by higher gasoline consumption. China to keep crude purchases high in near term as new strategic storage coming online will need to be filled. Foreign Exchange Aggressive fall (since late Aug) in Fed Funds probabiliy for Sept. liftoff continues to weigh on US Dollar. USA: Fed monetary policy meeting. Consumer prices, retail sales and housing price data all due. Eurozone: CPI, Employment, IP, trade balance and current account data all due. Japan: BOJ monetary policy meeting. Machine tool orders, IP, capacity utilization and import and export data all due. China: Retail sales, IP, BBG GDP monthly estimate, new yuan loans and money supply data all due. Switzerland: SNB monetary policy decision and retail sales data. GBP (approx. +1.6%) and AUD (approx. +2.2%) led the gains against the US Dollar Geopolitics Ukrainian politicians to vote on debt restructuring agreement. Global Watch List Indonesia: BOI reference rate decision due. Export, import and trade balance data due. Final week for campaigning in Greece before vote on th the 20 of September, Tsipras hoping to retain seat. September 14, 2015 4 Global MacroScape: Looking for Rocky Marciano USDRUB USDZAR USDMXN Japanese 10s German 10s SHComp S&P 500 Iron Ore 0.21 (0.01) (0.21) (0.14) (0.11) (0.30) (0.14) (0.21) (0.00) 0.63 0.82 0.66 0.27 0.13 0.63 0.44 0.66 0.68 0.47 0.13 0.65 (0.12) 0.63 0.50 0.29 0.19 0.65 0.08 0.66 0.12 0.02 0.54 0.12 0.33 0.31 0.18 0.04 (0.07) (0.24) (0.49) (0.30) (0.32) 0.06 0.05 (0.49) (0.54) UK 10s 0.39 US10s 0.16 Nikkei (0.11) FTSE (0.15) (0.29) (0.72) (0.68) (0.64) (0.52) (0.31) (0.60) (0.16) (0.16) (0.43) (0.70) (0.22) (0.51) 0.26 DAX 0.58 0.04 Copper (0.31) (0.26) (0.43) (0.02) 0.26 Oil Gold 0.78 Nat Gas USDJPY 0.56 AUDUSD GBPUSD EURUSD GBPUSD 0.45 USDJPY 0.63 USDCAD 0.07 AUDUSD (0.08) Oil (0.27) Nat Gas (0.01) Gold 0.46 Copper (0.07) Iron Ore (0.14) S&P 500 (0.57) DAX (0.50) FTSE (0.46) Nikkei (0.47) SHComp (0.24) US10s (0.38) German 10s 0.07 UK 10s (0.02) Japanese 10s (0.35) USDMXN (0.28) USDZAR (0.02) USDRUB (0.33) USDCAD EURUSD Monthly and Quarterly Correlation Matrix 0.10 (0.17) (0.14) (0.09) 0.18 (0.21) (0.11) (0.61) (0.63) (0.48) (0.36) 0.36 0.49 0.19 0.26 0.43 (0.04) 0.09 (0.03) 0.70 0.55 0.66 0.43 0.53 0.27 0.45 0.45 0.03 (0.00) 0.21 0.64 0.77 0.60 0.59 0.52 0.63 0.16 0.43 0.47 0.24 0.09 0.21 0.70 0.48 0.86 0.13 0.07 0.13 (0.14) (0.02) 0.00 (0.06) (0.02) (0.36) 0.27 0.24 0.22 0.11 (0.59) (0.43) (0.58) (0.45) (0.33) 0.06 (0.21) (0.24) 0.26 (0.33) 0.49 (0.02) (0.42) 0.58 0.41 0.16 (0.05) 0.26 0.23 0.08 0.35 0.24 0.24 0.18 0.05 0.20 0.11 (0.15) 0.48 0.45 0.49 0.22 0.17 0.02 (0.27) 0.11 0.15 0.08 0.13 (0.09) 0.13 (0.02) (0.76) 0.45 0.45 0.52 0.07 (0.18) 0.19 0.08 (0.05) (0.64) 0.23 0.23 0.41 (0.04) (0.30) 0.49 0.23 0.52 (0.05) (0.68) 0.33 0.35 0.51 0.57 0.24 0.51 0.90 (0.21) (0.63) 0.12 0.18 0.17 (0.07) (0.30) (0.05) 0.26 0.44 0.29 0.41 0.02 (0.46) 0.15 0.36 0.34 0.09 (0.00) 0.16 0.24 0.38 0.22 0.27 0.39 (0.01) (0.51) 0.33 0.15 0.42 0.06 (0.25) 0.34 0.18 0.52 0.56 0.39 0.21 0.18 (0.23) 0.19 0.01 0.22 0.03 (0.06) 0.31 0.15 0.11 0.58 0.46 (0.07) (0.01) 0.59 0.24 (0.14) 0.23 (0.00) 0.14 0.11 (0.16) 0.29 0.15 0.18 0.45 0.33 (0.02) 0.00 0.59 0.80 (0.12) (0.45) 0.06 0.14 0.19 (0.10) (0.32) 0.26 0.29 0.19 0.51 0.49 0.32 0.15 0.25 0.32 0.17 0.13 (0.49) 0.53 0.48 0.48 0.11 (0.03) 0.24 0.15 0.64 0.40 0.49 0.35 0.23 0.25 0.16 0.19 0.26 0.27 (0.34) 0.45 0.63 0.37 0.27 0.07 0.24 0.06 0.48 0.28 0.30 0.10 0.19 0.25 0.19 0.16 0.16 0.52 0.07 (0.50) 0.54 0.42 0.79 0.27 (0.08) 0.43 0.01 0.57 0.51 0.56 0.18 0.35 0.52 0.38 0.33 0.25 0.47 (0.18) (0.08) 0.02 0.25 0.04 0.16 0.17 0.33 0.67 0.73 0.03 0.27 0.29 0.31 0.16 0.42 0.43 0.46 0.67 0.08 0.25 0.24 0.27 0.32 0.10 0.12 (0.06) 0.07 0.23 (0.15) 0.07 0.47 0.51 0.41 0.53 0.63 (0.08) 0.11 0.18 0.85 0.58 0.61 0.92 0.25 0.24 0.54 0.56 0.32 0.70 0.55 0.37 0.75 0.42 0.40 0.43 0.41 0.14 0.63 0.59 0.36 0.78 0.55 0.25 (0.14) (0.02) 0.24 0.41 (0.00) 0.17 0.00 (0.30) (0.32) 0.09 0.38 0.13 0.30 0.53 0.62 0.30 0.76 0.60 0.62 0.72 0.51 0.17 0.22 0.49 0.22 0.31 0.19 0.36 0.16 0.16 0.41 0.56 0.74 0.23 0.60 0.46 Source: RBC Capital Markets, Bloomberg. Monthly correlations are above the black dividing line and quarterly correlations are below the black dividing line Endnotes: 1 – Helima Croft, Mike Tran, Chris Louney, Jay Govender, A tale of tail risks, Sept 9, p. 1. 2 – Tom Porcelli, Dan Grubert, Jacob Oubina, Michael Cloherty, Weekly Dashboard, September 4, p. 1. 3 – Timo del Carpio, RBCi – Euro area Q2/15 GDPO: encouraging revisions”, September 8, p. 1. 4 – Robert Sluymer, Chris Tevere, Weekly Technical Themes- Secular vs Cyclical vs Bond Proxy leadership: Part II, September 10, p. 1. September 14, 2015 5 Global MacroScape: Looking for Rocky Marciano Shaken & Stirred – week ending 09/11/2015 S&P Asia 50 HSI Nikkei NASDAQ OMX AEX S&P TSX IBEX Mexican IPC Bovespa Equities 0.0% 2.0% 4.0% AUD/JPY GBP/JPY EUR/JPY AUD/USD AUD/NZD USD/CAD EUR/GBP USD/SEK USD/DKK USD/NOK 6.0% 0.0% 2.0% Aus 02YR Aus 05YR US 30YR US 10YR Aus 15YR German 02YR Japan 05YR Japan 02YR German 05YR Japan 10YR 4.0% 6.0% 0 5 -5.0% 0.0% 10 15 5.0% EM FX -3.0% -2.0% -1.0% Copper Lead Corn Palladium Wheat Heating Oil Brent Gasoil Gasoline Coffee Rates -5 EM EQ USD/MYR USD/IDR USD/TRY USD/CNY USD/ARS USD/CZK USD/RUB USD/PLN USD/ZAR USD/COP FX -2.0% bp Tadawul All Share Qatar Exchange Kospi TWSE Sensex Tel-Aviv 25 Borsa Istanbul Jakarta Composite Philippines Caracas -4.0% -2.0% 0.0% 1.0% 2.0% Commods 0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% Source: RBC Capital Markets and Bloomberg September 14, 2015 6 Global MacroScape: Looking for Rocky Marciano Cross Asset Snapshot Global Equities Percentage Change DJIA 1 week 1 month 1 quarter 1 year YTD S&P 500 FTSE 100 DAX Nikkei ShComp IPC Micex 1.42 1.62 1.87 1.72 2.85 1.19 0.34 1.22 (7.29) (7.22) (8.62) (12.02) (11.68) (18.59) (5.37) 0.99 (9.28) (7.26) (9.87) (9.36) (10.22) (37.56) (3.79) 3.98 (4.33) (2.17) (9.87) 5.26 15.03 38.34 (6.55) 17.05 (8.37) (5.18) (6.25) 4.13 4.86 (1.14) (0.60) 23.08 Key Global Interest Rates 9/10/2015 US EU UK Japan Australia Canada China India 0.25 0.05 0.50 0.08 2.00 0.50 4.60 6.25 G4 Yields and Curves US UK DE JP 3m 6m 2y 5y 10y 2s-5s 2s-10s 5s-10s 0.02 0.25 0.73 1.55 2.22 0.81 1.49 0.67 0.51 0.61 0.64 1.31 1.87 0.67 1.24 0.57 -0.34 -0.29 -0.22 0.04 0.70 0.27 0.92 0.65 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.07 0.35 0.05 0.33 0.28 Commodities Percentage Change 1 week 1 month 1 quarter 1 year YTD Gold Silver Brent Nat Gas (0.97) 0.78 (1.81) 0.79 Copper 4.79 Ally Wheat Corn 1.37 2.24 3.51 0.19 (4.41) (3.37) (5.84) 3.71 2.58 (10.94) (7.30) (6.01) (8.44) (25.86) (7.44) (10.06) (6.86) (8.86) 1.26 (10.47) (21.48) (50.32) (32.32) (21.56) (21.18) (9.78) 6.79 (6.19) (6.49) (15.04) (7.37) (14.84) (12.01) (20.64) (8.88) USD/CAD USD/MXN USD/RUB USD/INR (1.28) (0.65) Foreign Exchange Percentage Change EUR/USD 1 week 1 month 1 Quarter 1 Year YTD GBP/USD USD/JPY AUD/USD 1.17 1.81 1.34 2.37 (0.28) (1.04) 2.15 (0.82) (3.58) (3.18) 0.98 2.77 5.21 3.05 0.19 (0.47) (2.27) (8.81) 7.71 9.22 23.60 3.64 (12.74) (4.99) 12.63 (22.29) 20.01 26.72 80.05 8.78 (6.77) (0.85) 0.78 (13.49) 13.96 13.61 16.50 4.83 Source: RBC Capital Markets and Bloomberg September 14, 2015 7 Global MacroScape: Looking for Rocky Marciano Methodologies Correlation Table Data for the table was extracted from BBG with a closing date of the Thursday of the prior week. Correlations were calculated on daily changes with a periodicity of one month (top right half) and three months (bottom left half). Yield market correlations were done on the changes on the yields themselves—not price. Highlights were done using a sliding scale, with strong positive correlations highlighted by a green color, strong negative correlations highlighted by a red color, and no correlation highlighted by no coloring Shaken & Stirred Data used in the “Shaken & Stirred” table is sourced from Bloomberg. Tables look at a total of 24 assets within each asset class and highlight the largest gainers and losers over the course of the week up to the point of publication. All assets look at percentage changes over the course of the week except the Bonds Table, which looks at the change in Yield over the course of the week measured in bps; winners are assets that see yields fall the most (in bps). The total list of assets can be seen in the table below. Developed Equities DJ Industrials S&P 500 NASDAQ S&P TSX Mexican IPC Bovespa EuroStoxx 50 FTSE 100 CAC 40 DAX IBEX FTSEMIB AEX OMX SMI Nikkei HIS ASX200 S&P Midcap S&P Smallcap EuroStoxx MSCI Pan Euro Straights Times S&P Asia 50 EM Equities Qatar Exchange Prague SE IPSA SHCOMP Index TWSE Ibovespa Micex Sh Composite Tadawul All Share Kospi Merval Philippines Dubai Financial Caracas WIG Borsa Istanbul OMX Tallinn Colombia Sensex Tel-Aviv 25 JSE all share Jakarta Composite RTSI$ Index Mexican IPC Developed FX EURUSD NZDUSD EURGBP EURCAD EURCHF GBPUSD AUDUSD EURJPY NZDJPY GBPCAD USDNOK CADCHF AUDCAD USDCAD GBPCHF USDCHF CADJPY NOKSEK GBPJPY AUDNZD USDSEK USDDKK AUDJPY USDJPY EM FX USDINR USDRUB USDQAR USDVEF USDSAR USDEGP USDCNY USDTHB USDMYR USDSGD USDKRW USDIDR USDKWD USDCLP USDCZK USDZAR USDMXN USDTRY USDILS USDPLN USDHUF USDARS USDBRL USDCOP Rates US 30YR German 30YR German 10YR German 05YR CAN 10YR CAN 30YR German 02YR JGB 30YR US 10YR JGB 05YR UK 30YR UK 10YR JGB 10YR JGB 02YR UK 05YR CAN 02YR CAN 5YR UK 02YR Aus 15YR Aus 10YR Aus 02YR US 02YR Aus 05YR US 05YR Commodities Soybeans Lean Hogs Platinum Gold Corn Tin Wheat Sugar Silver Gasoil WTI Cattle Heating Oil Palladium Coffee Nickel Brent Aluminium Lead NatGas Gasoline Zinc Copper Cotton Source: RBC Capital Markets Snapshot Data for the “Snapshot” table is sourced from Bloomberg as of the publication date. Snapshot shading highlights winners and losers for each asset class within each tenor. September 14, 2015 8 Global MacroScape: Looking for Rocky Marciano Required disclosures Conflicts disclosures The analyst(s) responsible for preparing this research report received compensation that is based upon various factors, including total revenues of the member companies of RBC Capital Markets and its affiliates, a portion of which are or have been generated by investment banking activities of the member companies of RBC Capital Markets and its affiliates. Conflicts policy RBC Capital Markets Policy for Managing Conflicts of Interest in Relation to Investment Research is available from us on request. To access our current policy, clients should refer to https://www.rbccm.com/global/file-414164.pdf or send a request to RBC Capital Markets Research Publishing, P.O. Box 50, 200 Bay Street, Royal Bank Plaza, 29th Floor, South Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5J 2W7. 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Copyright © RBC Capital Markets, LLC 2015 - Member SIPC Copyright © RBC Dominion Securities Inc. 2015 - Member Canadian Investor Protection Fund Copyright © RBC Europe Limited 2015 Copyright © Royal Bank of Canada 2015 All rights reserved September 14, 2015 10 Fixed Income & Currency Strategy Research Team Europe Adam Cole Head of G10 FX Strategy +44‐20‐7029‐7078 adam.cole@rbccm.com Vatsala Datta UK Rates Strategist +44 20‐7029‐0184 vatsala.datta@rbccm.com Timo del Carpio European Economist +44‐20‐7029‐7085 timo.delcarpio@rbccm.com Keng Goh Associate FX Strategist +44 20‐7029‐7077 keng.goh@rbccm.com Sam Hill, CFA Senior UK Economist +44‐20‐7029‐0092 sam.hill@rbccm.com Peter Schaffrik Chief European Macro Strategist +44‐20‐7029‐7076 peter.schaffrik@rbccm.com Michaela Seimen Howat SSA Strategist +44 20 7029 0122 michaela.seimenhowat@rbccm.com RBC Europe Limited: Asia‐Pacific Royal Bank of Canada – Sydney Branch: Su‐Lin Ong Head of Australian and New Zealand FIC Strategy +612‐9033‐3088 su‐lin.ong@rbccm.com Michael Turner Fixed Income & Currency Strategist +612‐9033‐3088 michael.turner@rbccm.com +852‐2848‐5135 sue.trinh@rbccm.com Royal Bank of Canada – Hong Kong Branch: Sue Trinh Senior Currency Strategist North America RBC Dominion Securities Inc.: Mark Chandler Head of Canadian FIC Strategy (416) 842‐6388 mark.chandler@rbccm.com George Davis, CMT Chief Technical Analyst (416) 842‐6633 george.davis@rbccm.com Simon Deeley Fixed Income Strategist (416) 842‐6362 simon.deeley@rbccm.com Jordan Kotick Head of Cross Asset Strategy (416) 842‐9632 jordan.kotick@rbccm.com Greg Moore Senior Currency Strategist (416) 842‐2802 greg.moore@rbccm.com (212) 437‐2480 michael.cloherty@rbccm.com RBC Capital Markets, LLC: Michael Cloherty Head of US Rates Strategy Helima Croft Global Head of Commodity Strategy (212) 618‐ 7798 helima.croft@rbccm.com Jay Govender Associate Cross Asset Strategist (212) 618‐3539 jay.govender@rbccm.com Dan Grubert Rates Strategist (212) 618‐7764 dan.grubert@rbccm.com Elsa Lignos Senior Currency Strategist (212) 428‐6492 elsa.lignos@rbccm.com Christopher Louney Commodity Strategist (212) 437‐1925 christopher.louney@rbccm.com Chris Mauro Head of US Municipals Strategy (212) 618‐7729 chris.mauro@rbccm.com Jacob Oubina Senior US Economist (212) 618‐7795 jacob.oubina@rbccm.com Tom Porcelli Chief US Economist (212) 618‐7788 tom.porcelli@rbccm.com Daniel Tenengauzer Head of EM & Global FX Strategy (212) 618‐3535 daniel.tenengauzer@rbccm.com Daria Parkhomenko Associate (212) 618‐7857 daria.parkhomenko@rbccm.com Michael Tran Commodity Strategist (212) 266‐4020 michael.tran@rbccm.com