size, characteristics and potential of the industrial sector

Transcription

SIZE, CHARACTERISTICS AND POTENTIAL OF THE
INDUSTRIAL SECTOR ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY
AND ENVIRONMENTALLY DRIVEN ENTERPRISES IN THE
REGION OF EAST GOTHIA
John Onita and Kenth Petersson
Environmental Technology and Management, IKP
Linköpings universitet
Linköping
2005-05-16
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We appreciate the meritorious efforts of our amiable supervisor – Dr. Olof Hjelm of
the department of Industrial Environmental Technology, Linköping University for his
tremendous assistance in providing the knowledge required to accomplish this project
within the shortest possible time it had taken.
We sincerely acknowledged the supports of Kenneth Karlsson, the executive director
of Miljöinvest AB for granting us the opportunity to interview him and to get relevant
information in connection with our investigation.
We equally hold in high esteem the unflinching supports of Lars Wahlström of
Sunstrip AB, Frida Waahler of Joraform AB and Magnus Andersson and Jerry
Rydgren of Alltransport AB for their respective assistance in granting us the audience
to interview them on issues relating to our study. Without them this work would not
have been completed.
ABSTRACT
Given the fact that environmental regulations and standards set the broad framework for
demand for environmental goods and services, quantitative data covering the wide range of
industrial classifications is limited and hard to replicate (i.e. in terms of understanding the
size, characteristics and future potentials at either national or regional industry trends).
Reason for this follows the un-defined nature of the boundaries of the environmental industry.
In an attempt to address this problem in the region of East Gothia, Sweden (with the exclusion
of the municipality of Linköping for having had a similar study already conducted there), this
study provides a classification pattern of the trend of industrial activities within the
environmental goods and services industry of the region based on a Definition coined by the
investigators in identifying core industries that belong to the sector. An inventory results
reveal a total number of 296 companies branded environmentally driven in the region of East
Gothia by the various database search engines used. 157 of this total number of companies
conforms to the definition of environmentally driven industries adopted by the authors after a
filtration process was used for their selection and were identified as representing the
magnitude of the Environmentally Driven Industrial Sector in the region as indicated in the
aim and objectives of this study. 22 companies were categorized as belonging to the
Technical Environmental Science, 12 for the Renewable Energy, 14 for Environmental
Engineering, 56 for Recycling, 42 for Waste and Water Treatment and 12 for the
Environmentally Driven Product Development respectively. Industrial activities in the
category of Recycling offer great potentials for future expansion. Optimism was expressed on
Renewable Energy as a sector with enormous potentials capable of becoming a leading player
in the environment industry within the region due to under-exploitation of its potentials. The
authors reveal that there are the possibilities of Clusters to be built around the Recycling and
Renewable Energy sectors of the industry in the region. More so, views of the environment
industry leaders indicate brighter future for the industry in terms of investment opportunities
in the region.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................. 4
1.1 BACKGROUND.......................................................................................................................................... 4
1.2 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................................................. 5
1.3 SIZE AND STRUCTURE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES SECTOR ..................................... 10
1.4 EAST GOTHIA (ÖSTERGÖTLAND)............................................................................................................. 11
MATERIALS AND METHODS........................................................................................... 12
2.1 INVENTORY............................................................................................................................................. 12
2.2 DEFINITION ............................................................................................................................................. 14
2.3 FILTERING ............................................................................................................................................... 14
2.4 CLASSIFICATION.................................................................................................................................... 14
2.5 CATEGORISATION ................................................................................................................................. 16
2.6 INTERVIEWS............................................................................................................................................ 17
RESULTS OF INVENTORY................................................................................................ 19
ANALYSIS, DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION ............................................................. 26
4.1 VIEWS OF THE ENVIRONMENT INDUSTRY LEADERS IN EAST GOTHIA.................................... 26
4.2 SCENARIO ANALYSIS............................................................................................................................ 27
4.3 DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................................................ 29
4.4 CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................................................... 30
REFERENCES:...................................................................................................................... 31
APPENDIX 1A ....................................................................................................................... 33
Companies identified under respective predefined category from Gula Sidorna
APPENDIX 1B........................................................................................................................ 35
Companies identified under respective predefined category from Företagsfakta
APPENDIX 1C ....................................................................................................................... 38
Companies with the Krav brand identified from Krav
APPENDIX 1D ....................................................................................................................... 39
Companies identified as environmentally certified according to ISO14001, EMAS or FR2000 from
Environcert
APPENDIX 2 .......................................................................................................................... 42
Gross list including all identified companies
APPENDIX 3 .......................................................................................................................... 52
Interview manual
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW
1.1 BACKGROUND
The growing awareness of various environmental problems associated with Man and his
interactions with the environment have generated great interest with attention often focusing
on the relationship between the environment, industry and employment.
Environmental problems leading to ecosystems destruction, health hazards, resource
depletion, climate change etc have resulted into the curiosity of looking for remediative
measures to address these pressing issues. This has led to various international, regional and
local conventions with the aim of developing regulations to check the menace of
environmental disasters.
One of the interesting things following this development is the transition from problem
solving to wealth creation as being witnessed today in the proliferation and diversification of
technical and scientific expertise leading to the birth of industries which decided to trade with
their technological “know-how” in an effort to address environmental problems. There are
hopes that the development of the environment industry will make it possible both to reduce
environmental pressures and at the same time to increase employment and exports. This may
often be regarded as a future expectation in exploring the potentials of the environment
industry.
Understanding the broad nature of the environment industry has made it difficult to define the
boundaries of the industry. There is no doubt that the perception of environmental problems
may vary from society to society as well as from individual to individual. These variations in
opinion often reflect in the inability to categorize the various industrial activities as whether
they belong to the environment industry or not.
Sweden, regarded as one of the industrialized nations of the world because of her enormous
progress in technological advancement, is diverse in terms of having a substantial number of
industries linked to the environment industry by their activities. The diverse nature of the
industry in Sweden creates the belief that virtually all her counties could boast of so many
industries linked to the environment industry.
Therefore, for the purpose of this study, our aim and objectives are as follows:
To investigate the branch Environmental technology and environmentally driven enterprises
in the Region of East Gothia, Sweden, with the exception of the municipality of Linköping
due to the fact that a similar study have been conducted there (Eklund and Hjelm, 2005).
During the course of the project, an investigation on how big was the industrial sector in
terms of the number of industries, which companies belongs to this sector, and what was the
potential for further development of this type of business in the region of east Gothia were
conducted
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1.2 LITERATURE REVIEW
The environment industry according to OECD (1999) supplies pollution control, reduction,
clean-up and waste handling equipment and related services, and a growing range of other
environmental services. The industry’s market is estimated to be of the order of US$ 250
billion (between the pharmaceutical industry and information technology industry in size,
excluding most clean technologies), and is growing at around 5 per cent per year. Further
more, OECD noted that the boundaries of the industry are blurred and they are not easily
defined (OECD, 1999).
In analysing the environment goods and services industry, the main obstacles are related to
the definition of the industry, its extent and boundaries. This is due to part to the complexity
of definition, and to lack of information in some of the newer, rapidly growing areas (OECD,
1999).
OECD confirmed that there have been a number of studies which had tried to define, delimit
and describe the environment industry, but there is little agreement among them. There are
several reasons for these divergences. First, the industry covers a heterogeneous set of goods
and services. At the core of the industry, there is a group of identifiable goods and services
which are used to clean-up existing processes and production (“end-of-pipe” equipment and/
or technologies), treat water and effluent, control air pollution and reduce noise. There is also
a set of waste management and recycling technologies and services to recuperate waste for
re-use , and deal with past environmental damage, as well as a growing range of
environmental services such as research, design and engineering services. Most of these
equipment production, technological and service activities can be identified and measured,
but they are heterogeneous, making data collection complicated and comparisons difficult
(OECD, 1999).
Second, there is no agreement on criteria to establish the boundaries of the industry. In
particular there is growing interest in including renewable energy, clean-technologies and
products. In the long run, while they are difficult to account for, “clean” technologies,
production processes and products will reduce the need for clean-up and “end-of-pipe”
solutions, changing the structure of the environment industry and the relative importance of
its core group of activities(OECD; 1999).
Third, many producers of pollution abatement and control equipment and services have a low
degree of specialisation in these products. Environmental goods and services may be
classified with other goods and services which are the main line of business and are therefore
not readily separable for inclusion in measures of the environment industry. Finally, OECD
also confirmed that there have been different studies focused on the broader or narrower
groups of activities or products, producing divergent results, depending on whether they have
been developed for environmental jobs surveys, eco-product surveys, general statistical
surveys, etc. Values may also depend on whether estimates are made from the supply or the
demand side (OECD, 1999).
Overall, there are a group of measurable goods and services and industrial and service
activities which are widely agreed on as forming the “core” of the environment industry. But
beyond this core, the boundaries of the industry are fluid, and there are difficulties in
measuring many environmental goods, services and activities with any precision (OECD,
1999).
5
Given the controversies surrounding the boundaries of the environment industry, the
following key points are considered as attributes explaining the general feelings within the
sector:
− Environmental goods and services are a growing part of the international economy expected
to reach $US 600, billion world wide by 2010 (Trade Promotion Coordinating Committee,
2000).
− The World Trade Organization (WTO) proposed to conduct specific negotiations on trade
and environment, including trade in environmental goods and services, making
understanding of the industry particularly important parties to the negotiations (WTO,
2001).
− Many obstacles prevent reliable definition of the environmental goods and services
industry. The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development classification
system is the most advanced in developing a comprehensive system for the industry
(OECD, 1999).
− Considerable debate surrounds the scope of the environmental goods and services industry,
especially whether it should include so called environmentally friendly goods. World Trade
Organization rules suggest trade cannot be restricted in favour of environmentally friendly
goods defined by their process and production methods, as they are not materially different
to their non-environmentally counterparts.
− Broadly defined potential environmental goods may provide a way of circumventing
definitional and data problems, by including all goods that could potentially be used for
environmental purposes. It may also simplify the implementation of trade liberalisation
measures.
Conversely, the World Trade Organization (WTO) had continued to maintain that to date
there exist no comprehensive international statistical definition of “environmental goods” or
“environmental services” or any internationally agreed criteria for their classification (see
http://www.wto.org/ ). Where they exist at all, definitions and classifications differ from
country to country. There is no consistent view, for instance, about whether, for example,
collection of house-hold refuse and supply of drinking water are environmental services, and
whether energy saving products is environmental goods. These were WTO commentaries on
the mandate for negotiation notes that “examples of environmental goods and services are
catalytic converters, air filters or consultancy services on wastewater management”.
An informal working group of national experts from OECD countries, meeting under the
auspices of the OECD and Statistical Office of the European Commission (Eurostat), have
developed a common definition and classification of the environment industry. This was done
primarily to improve the collection of consistent information on various aspects (OECD;
1999): This group has defined the industry as follows:
“The environmental goods and services industry consists of activities which produce goods
and services to measure, prevent, limit, minimise or correct environmental damage to water,
air and soil, as well as problems related to waste, noise and eco-systems. This includes
cleaner technologies, products and services that reduce environmental risk and minimise
pollution and resource use”.
6
The OECD/Eurostat group developed an Industry Manual that was designed to “provide a
flexible classification framework for mapping environment industry activities which can be
adapted to future needs” (OECD, 1999): The Manual defines relevant industry activities and
then develops a preliminary and indicative list of goods and services in the environment
industry. It includes goods and services “which provide environmental protection in different
domains and miscellaneous services (OECD, 1999). Industry activities are classified under
three broad headings: pollution management: cleaner technologies and products group: and
resource management group (OECD, 2001).
OECD/Eurostat-defined “cleaner technology and products” group includes any activity that
continually improves, reduces or eliminates the environmental impact of technologies,
processes or products, but which may be supplied other than for environmental purposes. This
group comprises cleaner or resource efficient technology or products such as those that reduce
energy consumption, recover valuable by-products, reduce emissions or minimise waste
disposal problems.
The OECD/Eurostat-defined “pollution management group”, which encompasses perhaps the
most developed environmental sphere, consists of activities that produce equipment,
technology or services to treat or remove environmental effects. This usually includes end-ofpipe treatment that is intended solely for environmental purposes, and is statistically
identifiable. The following activities fall into this category: air pollution control; wastewater
management, remediation/ clean up of soil and water; noise/vibration abatement; monitoring,
analysis and assessment. Of these, wastewater management is of crucial importance to many
countries (OECD, 1999).
Within the resource management group, the OECD/Eurostat place activities that prevent
environmental damage to air, water and/ or soil. These include activities that produce
equipment, technology or specific materials, design, construct or install, manage or provide
other services for recycling new materials or products; for the generation of renewable energy
( such as biomass, solar, wind, tidal or geothermal sources); for reducing climate change, for
sustainable agriculture and fisheries( including biotechnology applied to agriculture and
fisheries activities); for sustainable forest management; for natural disaster risk management;
or related eco-tourism.
The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) categorises the
public infrastructure services of drinking water, waste water treatment and waste management
as the core and most traditional environmental services, while services related to compliance
with environmental legislation and radiation have developed in a subsequent phase (OECD,
2001). What are termed “next-generation” environmental services are those aimed at helping
companies to reduce pollution as part of the process of pursuing resource efficiency, high
productivity and increased competitiveness not solely driven by regulation. The
environmental services are divided into four segments: (1) environmental infrastructure
services; (2) air pollution control services; (3) remediation services; and (4) support services
(OECD, 2001).
7
UNCTAD have also carried out a great deal of work on what is termed “environmentally
preferable products” (EPPs) (UNCTAD, 1995). There is still no universally accepted
definition or concept of EPPs, and agreement on a precise definition is still some way off. The
complexity of the issues involved in the concept and the variety of interest at stake make it
difficult to demonstrate “undisputed scientific proof of a product’s environmental
friendliness” despite the use of life cycle assessment (LCA) tools (UNCTAD, 1995).
UNCTAD has arrived at the following definition of EPPs:
“products which cause significantly less environmental harm at some stage of their life cycle
(production/ processing, consumption, waste disposal) than alternative products that serve
the same purpose, or products the production and sale of which contribute significantly to the
preservation of the environment”.
The United States (US) defines environmental services as “those which generate revenue by
fees for a service related to a project which benefits the environment” (US submission, 1997).
It is interesting that the US has placed emphasis on the benefit to the environment.
Drawing on the OECD definition, the US includes in the class of environmental services;
“pollution control, reduction, clean-up and waste handling services, provision and delivery of
the environmental resources of water, recovered materials, and clean energy, technologies and
activities that contribute to increased energy and resource efficiency, compliance with
environmental regulations, environmental assessment, analysis and protection (Diener and
Terkla, 2000).
Further more, the US has defined environmental goods as products related to:
“Water pollution and effluent treatment; remediation/clean-up, air pollution control; waste
management and recycling; noise reduction; environmental assessment and monitoring;
scientific research and laboratory equipment; natural resource conservation/ protection and
urban amenities; energy efficiency and renewable energy” (Canada submission, 2001).
Canada also supports a wide definition of environmental services. It characterises the
environmental services in the W/120 classification list as “core”, while recognising that there
are related services found elsewhere in the W/120 that are important to the delivery of
environmental services, such as technical testing and analysis services, scientific and
technical consulting services, engineering services and construction services (Canada
submission, 2001).
The European Union (EU) also views widening the definition of environmental services as
beneficial and likely to stimulate more commitments from World Trade Organization (WTO)
members. It declares that:
“a more precise and updated definition in line with today’s economic realities would create
the opportunity for more commitments and country coverage from those WTO members
concerned at safeguarding their environment in the most efficient manner” (EU submission,
1999).
8
For this reason, the EU considers definitions and classification issues to be pivotal to the
negotiation of further trade liberalisation of environmental services. Its proposed new
classification of environmental services is based on the relevant environmental media, and
“preserves the mutually exclusive nature of the General Agreement on Trade in Services
(GATS) classification (W/120)”. (EU submission, 1999):
In Japan, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (1994b) broadly defined “ecobusiness” as “industrial sectors with a potential to help reduce environmental burdens”. It
comprises pollution prevention equipment, waste disposal and recycling, environmental
restoration, environment-friendly energy supply, environment-friendly products, and
environment-friendly production processes.
The Australian Industry Commission (1993) defined the environmental waste management
equipment, systems and services industry as a “diverse collection of industrial producers and
service producers encompassing any entity providing technology-or service- related solutions
to solid, liquid, or gaseous waste management problems. Thus it embraces parts of productbased industry sectors engaged in engineering, construction, design, scientific
instrumentation and consultancy services”.
The Netherlands Association of Suppliers of Environmental Equipment (1992) uses the
following definition; “companies producing, supplying and / or installing (parts of )
equipment/ machines foe the abatement of environmental damage (excluding noise hindrance)
as well as companies advising on environmental issues”.
The Netherlands Central Bureau of Statistics defines environmental services as “the
prevention, restriction or reparation of damage to the environment by companies that are
neither cause nor victim of the (potential) damage”.
To evaluate “green jobs”, the ILO (1992) classified the environment industry into nine subsectors: pollution abatement with respect to air, water and soils: agricultural land
rehabilitation: transport and communication soft energies and energies conservation: water
and sewage works, recycling and waste management, conservation and forestry (including
eco-tourism); environmental research and development and training: environment
administration and public works.
The ACF-ACTU (1994) study of “green” jobs in Australia made a further classification of the
environment industry. It divides the industry into five areas: energy efficiency and renewable
energy industry; waste management and clean production industries; recycling industry; ecotourism; water and waste water.
In Sweden, classification given by Statistics Sweden was based on the definition of the
environment industry developed by OECD/EUROSTAT (1999). Enterprises and
establishments primarily producing environmental goods and services were termed “the
environment industry”. However, activities related to air pollution, waste and waste water
management and environmental consultants were classified as group-A. Activities related to
“resource management” such as renewable energy, recycled materials, indoor air pollution
and water supply were classified as group-C. Activities related to “cleaner technologies and
products”, were classified as group- B (Statistics Sweden, 2000).
9
1.3 SIZE AND STRUCTURE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES SECTOR
(a)-Output and employment.
Statistical definitions and classifications of environmental services, when they exist at all,
differ from country to country. In any case, few countries report separate statistics for
environmental services (WTO, 1998). UNCTAD (1994), in its estimates for a
“representative” industrialized country, puts the share of environmental services (the
MTN.GNS/W/120 category) in total services output at less than one-half per cent.
Taking both goods and services into account, the most important activity in the OECD as a
whole is water and waste water management, followed by waste management and air
pollution control (WTO, 1998). However, this is not the case in each OECD country. For
instance, solid waste management is the most important activity in the United States; air
pollution control is of greatest significance in Japan (OECD, 1990). Estimates of employment
in the environment industry vary widely, depending on definitions. In most OECD countries,
employment in the environment industry is estimated to be less than 1 per cent of the total
labour force (OECD, 1990).
In 1996, the global environment market was estimated to be $US 453 billion, of which the
services segment accounted for a little over half at $US 229 billion (WTO, 1998). Within
services, solid waste management ($US 102 billion) and water treatment services ($US 65
billion) were the dominant activities. The United States, Western Europe and Japan together
accounted for 87% of the global market. Growth rates in these markets have declined
significantly in recent years with the major industrial sectors having achieved a high degree of
compliance with existing legislations and fewer new regulations being enacted (WTO, 1998).
Although Africa, Asia and Latin America together accounted for only around 7% of the
market, these were the regions in which the fastest growth (10% or above) was forecast.
Among the most important reasons for the growth of the market, in addition to economic and
population growth and increased urbanisation, are the increasing stringency of domestic
environmental regulations, evolving international standards and their enforcement, and
stronger pressure from consumers and communities (WTO, 1998).
(b)-Importance of the public sector.
It is notable that even in the United States, generally regarded as a country which has gone
furthest in terms of privatization of utilities; most of the revenue in waste water is generated
by the public sector (WTO, 1998). The control of water treatment in the European Union is
also still largely in the hands of public monopolies (European Commission, 1994). However,
one of the more radical changes of ownership occurred in the United Kingdom in 1989 with
the privatization of 10 water authorities, the public sector has virtually disappeared from this
area (WTO, 1998).
10
(c)-Market Structure.
The available evidence suggest that there is a tendency towards increasing concentration in
the environmental industry, A study on mergers and acquisitions in the US in the
environmental industry suggest that scale benefits and consumer preferences favour large
firms which tend to achieve higher returns than their smaller rivals (European Commission,
1994). Technological developments favour large firms because environmental processes are
becoming more complex and integrated, and small firms find it difficult to fund the necessary
equipment investments (WTO, 1998).
At the same time, more stringent regulations induce customers like municipalities to use few
large environmental services suppliers in order to more easily monitor compliance and trace
liability. As a result of these development, the number of mergers and acquisitions increased
between 1987 and 1991 at annual rate of 56 per cent to reach 223 transactions in 1991 (WTO;
1998). More recent reports from industry sources suggest that half the private market in the
United States is controlled by the top ten companies (WTO, 1998).
1.4 EAST GOTHIA (Östergötland)
The county of East Gothia is 11 630 km² of which 10 562 km² is land, and this corresponds to
2.4 % of Sweden’s total area. The population is 415 018 people (March 31, 2004) and this
makes East Gothia the fourth largest county in Sweden concerning the population. The
counties include 13 municipalities and they are Boxholm, Finspång, Kinda, Linköping,
Mjölby, Motala, Norrköping, Söderköping, Vadstena, Valdemarsvik, Ydre, Åtvidaberg and
Ödeshög (see figure 1). Linköping is the largest municipality regarding both area and
population.
Figure 1. Map showing the 13 municipalities in East Gothia.
In the region of East Gothia there are approximately 36 000 companies and the region has
world leading competence in several different areas. Important sectors are aviation
technology, electronics, software technology, bio medicine, communication technology,
logistics, paper- and packaging industries, simulation technology and food industry.
Linköping
also
have
a
University
with
a
campus
in
Norrköping.
Source: http://www.ostgotaporten.com
11
CHAPTER TWO
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This chapter starts by presenting how the inventory of the companies (in other words regarded
as our gross list of companies in the environment industry in East Gothia) was conducted.
The sequence of our methodology thus is as follows; inventory – definition – filtering –
classification – categorisation – interviews.
2.1 INVENTORY
In the beginning of this study we decided to use different public databases on the internet to
generate a gross list with as many companies as possible. We wanted a wide range of
enterprises categorised by these public databases search engines as belonging to the
environment industry in East Gothia. Therefore, four different databases were consulted:
− Gula sidorna (www.gulasidorna.se)
− Företagsfakta (www.foretagsfakta.com)
− Environcert (www.environcert.com)
− Krav (www.krav.se)
We are aware that other databases could have been used to generate our gross list, but these
were chosen because they are easily accessible. We could also have used the different kinds
of environmental brandings databases to expand our gross list but due to the very limited
time, we only used the Krav brands database in our inventory for environmentally branded
companies. We are also aware of the fact that our gross list is far from being a comprehensive
list, but this work should be considered as a starting point for reference purposes. These
databases were used for information regarding this project during the period that the project
lasted (January 2005 – May 2005).
Gula sidorna
When searching the database gulasidorna.se we used their predefined categories to find the
companies for the gross list. The categories searched for were in Swedish and are stated
below. For the convenience of our readers the categories are translated into English. For
details of the findings, see appendix 1A.
Avfallshanteringsutrustningar – Waste treatment equipment
Biobränsle – Bio fuel
Energibesparing - Energy efficiency
Miljökonsulter – Environmental consultants
Miljövård – Environmental conservation
Muddringsarbeten - Dredging
Oljesanering/tankrengöring – Oil decontamination/tank cleaning
Renhållningsentreprenörer, avfallshantering – Waste treatment
Returpapper - Paper recycling
Skrotar - Junkyard
Vattenbehandlingsutrustningar – Water treatment equipment
Återvinning - Recycling
12
Företagsfakta
When searching the database foretagsfakta.com a similar approach was used. The only
difference is that this database has more predefined categories in their search engine. The
categories used are stated below and translated into English. For details of the findings see,
appendix 1B.
Avfallshanteringsutrustningar – Waste treatment equipment
Besiktning, provning - Inspektion
Biobränsle – Bio fuel
Energibesparing, - effektivisering - Energy efficiency
Miljöfarligt avfall – Hazardous waste
Miljökonsulter – Environmental consultants
Miljövård – Environmental conservation
Muddringsarbeten - Dredging
Oljesanering/tankrengörning – Oil decontamination/tank cleaning
Renhållningsentreprenörer, avfallshantering – Waste treatment
Sanering, miljövård - Decontamination
Skrotar - Junkyard
Slamsugning – Sludge removal
Sophanteringsmaskiner, -utrustning - Waste treatment equipment
Vattenbehandlingsutrustning – Water treatment equipment
Vattenrening, teknik - Water purification
Återvinning – Recycling
Krav
The database krav.se was used to find companies with the Krav brand in the region. They had
also predefined categories in their search engine. The categories used are listed below and
translated into English. For details of the findings, see appendix 1C.
Förädlare - Refining of food
Importörer - Import
Producenthjälpmedel – Producer aids
Textil - Fabrics
Butiker - Stores
Restauranger - Restaurants
Reg. av livsmedel – Krav registered food
Environcert
The database environcert.com was used to find the companies that are certified according to
ISO14001, EMAS or FR2000 in the region. ISO14001 is an international standard for
environmental management, the EU Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) is an
environmental management tool and FR2000 is a simplified environmental management
system based on ISO14001. Specific county and certificate types were fed into the database
search engine. In our case we searched in Östergötland (East Gothia) and for ISO 14001,
EMAS and FR2000. For details of the findings, see appendix 1D.
13
In addition to having generated a gross list through the various databases used, we thought it
necessary to visit the homepages of all the companies on our gross list in order to confirm
their respective services, which would serve as a guide in arriving at more specific gross list.
For details of the more specific gross list see appendix 2.
2.2 DEFINITION
For the purposes of this study we define the environmentally driven business as enterprises or
companies that generate revenue from their environmental works.
2.3 FILTERING
Following our definition of environmentally driven businesses, we adopted a careful
evaluation of the more specific gross list. Companies were screened and those that did not
conform to our definition were eliminated. This resulted in our filtered list containing
companies considered as environmentally driven by our assessment.
2.4 CLASSIFICATION
Classifications systematically arrange cases in terms of their similarity. They constitute a first
and generic advance from mere observation and description towards systemic scientific
inquiry. Substituting structural knowledge for exhaustive information about single attributes,
the intractable diversity of real-life phenomena is condensed into a smaller number of salient
types. Classifications thus direct our attention towards a few characteristic dimensions,
according to which relative similarities or differences can be identified. They allow us to take
account of heterogeneity, but simultaneously force us to be selective (Peneder, 2002).
The process of classification is generally defined as “the ordering of cases in terms of their
similarities (Peneder, 2002). According to Bailey (1994), classifications themselves can be
distinguished by (among others) the following characteristics; they can be labelled either as
typologies or taxonomies, monothetic or polythetic, synchronic or diachronic. The term
“typology” refers specifically to a conceptual classification, the cells of which represent type
concepts rather than empirical cases (Peneder, 2002). Conversely, the term taxonomy refers to
a classification of empirical entities based upon quantitative analyses. In this sense, one can
also distinguish “monothetic” in which all the cases included in a certain category are
identical with respect to every relevant dimension. No exceptions or further differentiations
are allowed. Such a neat and (idealised) categorisation is typical of qualitative categorisation,
whereas empirical classifications generally come up with “polythetic” classes. Here, the cases
are not identical with respect to all variables, but rather are grouped according to the generally
strongest similarity (Peneder, 2002). Finally, classifications are called “synchronic (or
phonetic)” if they refer to the characteristics of an observation at a certain point in time.
Conversely, classifications are called “diachronic (or phyletic)” if they are based upon
characteristic patterns of change or evolution (Peneder, 2002).
During the course of this project, the classification of companies into the environment
industry in East Gothia was polythetic in the sense that they were not identical with respect to
all variables, but rather were grouped according to similarities revealed by a critical
qualitative analysis accomplished through field interviews.
14
Further more, the classifications are expected to be “exhaustive” and “mutually exclusive”
thereby demanding the existence of one (but only one) appropriate class for each observation.
In practice, this can pose problems, especially if it is nearly impossible to discriminate
between many observations or conversely, if many outliers exist. In the first case, the
boundaries between groups are difficult to draw, while in the second case, too many classes
arise (Penecer, 2002).
Therefore, in covering manufacturing and services sector at a very broad level of aggregation,
the OECD has more recently relied on the notion of “knowledge-based” industries (Peneder,
2002). By and large, this reflects the same mode of thought as the older high-tech versus lowtech terminologies; however, it is more suitable for the inclusion of service industries
(Peneder, 2002). The OECD considers industries to be knowledge-based, when they are
“intensive users of high technology and /or have a relatively highly skilled workforce that is
required to benefit fully from technological activities” (OECD, 1999). This definition enables
us to distinguish industries according to the relative importance of average research
expenditures and the shares of skilled labour in total employment (Peneder, 2002).
15
2.5 CATEGORISATION
A contending factor was to categorise the enterprises we have identified as environmentally
driven. A lot of different proposals were discussed and in the beginning we only had three
categories. It was necessary that the categorisation reflected the type of companies in our
region which should also be easy to comprehend. After several discussions we decided on the
following categorisation:
1. Technical environmental science
• Consulting
• Research
• Analysis, measuring
• Information
2. Renewable energy
• Bio fuel
• Solar power
• Hydro power
• Wind power
3. Environmental engineering
• Decontamination
• Pollution prevention services
• Dredging and environmental conservation
4. Recycling
• Paper
• Electronics
• Cars, Metal
• Fat
• Others
5. Waste and water treatment
• Solid waste
• Wastewater
• Hazardous waste
• Sludge removal
• Water treatment equipment
6. Environmentally driven product development
7. Energy efficiency
Using the above defined categorisation the enterprises were classified into the identified
categories that best describe the type of service(s) they render. Few companies were placed
into more than one category because they provide more than one service(s). It is important to
mention here that some of the companies do not have a homepage. This made it difficult for
us to determine the type of services they render for them to merit being found in the database
search.
16
2.6 INTERVIEWS
It is important to get behind the numbers as indicated in our gross list of companies regarded
as belonging to the environment industry to understand what dynamics are currently
influencing the environment industry performance and in what direction the industry appears
to be heading in the near future.
Also, it is important to determine if our methodology will result in data that would reflect the
perceptions of those currently in the environment industry.
To this end, a semi- structure and qualitative interview approach was adopted to establish the
various perceptions of those currently in the industry. This followed a criteria proposed by
Coombes (2001).
Therefore, selected executives of specific companies in the environment industry in East
Gothia were interviewed. Four companies were selected based on the different kinds of
services they offer within the environment industry. The following are names of companies
visited:
− Miljöinvest AB
− Alltransport AB
− Joraform AB
− Sunstrip AB
These selected companies were chosen from our filtered list following inventory of
companies from the various database search. Given the fact that we had sent out request
information for interview appointments to respective companies in our various categories,
majority could not respond in favour of our time frame thereby suggesting contrasting new
periods for interviews. The four companies interviewed met our very limited time frame.
An interview manual was designed to address issues forming the centre focus of this project
as initially mentioned in the aim and objectives. The following points were considered:
− Sampling opinions from various companies’ executives on our quantitative data (both gross
and filtered list).
− To identify possible clusters among collaborating companies (where necessary) depending
on the co-operations that would exist between companies or group of companies in meeting
the demands of their clients.
− To project future potentials of the environment industry particularly in the region of East
Gothia which would enhance expansion in the respective segments of the environment
industry in the region?
For details of interview questions, see appendix 3.
Interview appointments were booked ahead by respective companies visited. Questions as
indicated in the appendix 3 were administered orally as contained in our written interview
manual to the responding company executives. A tape recorder was used to record discussion
proceedings while some salient points were taken as notes by our research team.
17
In a careful review of recorded interview tapes by our research team, vital information
reflecting our field experiences in an effort to addressing the highlighted considerations
forming the basis of this project were extracted. However, this information was used in
creating a scenario analysis which in a way would explain some current feelings in the
environment industry in East Gothia.
18
CHAPTER THREE
RESULTS OF INVENTORY
Here, the total number of companies found in each database search engine and the total
number of enterprises considered as environmentally driven by our definition are presented.
Furthermore, a careful representation of each company in a respective category and
subcategory that it has been placed after our assessment is presented.
A total number of 296 companies were identified in the region of East Gothia, Linköping
excluded, and placed in the gross list (see appendix 2). Figure 2 shows the relationship
between the total number of companies found in each database, and the sum of all the
companies in our gross list. The alert reader indicates that the number of companies found
from the different sources exceeds the total number of companies identified. This is because
several companies were found from more than one database.
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Gula sidorna
Företagsfakta
Environcert
Krav
Total
Figure 2.Number of companies in East Gothia identified in each different
database used.
19
Figure 3 shows the relationship between the total number of companies on the gross list prior
to filtering and the total number of companies after filtering (see appendix 2). It is evident that
the difference as shown by the reduction of companies on the filtered list was as a result of
our screening based on our definition of the environmentally driven business. However, 296
represents the total number of companies on the gross list while 157 represents the total
number of companies on the filtered list that conforms to our definition earlier stated. It is
important to note that the filtered list containing a total of 157 companies represents the
magnitude of the environmentally driven industrial sector in East Gothia based on our
identification and classification methodologies as earlier highlighted in the aim and
objectives of this project.
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Total number of companies found
Number of companies after filtering
Figure 3.The relationship between the total number of identified companies in
the gross list in East Gothia and the number of companies assessed as
Environmentally driven .
Figure 4 shows the total number of companies placed in each category. It is important to note
that some companies were placed in more than one category because they provide several
services.
60
50
40
30
20
10
Energy
efficiency
Environmentally
driven product
development
Waste and
water treatment
Recycling
Environmental
engineering
Renewable
energy
Tecnical
environmental
science
0
Figure 4. The relationship between the number of companies assessed as
Environmentally driven in East Gothia grouped in each defined category.
20
Technical environmental science
Here, companies that are involved in knowledge development are grouped and a total number
of 22 companies were identified. This category is divided into three subcategories. In the
subcategory Environmental consultants, 18 enterprises were found as shown in Table 1.Table
2 distinctly shows another subcategory Analysis, two companies were identified. One is in the
area of measuring particles in the air etc and one is Sweden’s metrological and hydrological
institute. In the final subcategory, Information, two companies that provide information about
the environmental industry and about legislation were identified as shown in Table 3.
Table 1. Companies in East Gothia assessed to the subcategory Environmental consultants.
AQM Konsult AB, Norrköping
MACOMA Miljöutredningar, Norrköping
DU-Teknik AB, Mjölby
Mikom/Miljökommunikation, Boxholm
canISO, Åby
Miljöinvest i Norrköping AB, Norrköping
Embla Miljö AB, Valdemarsvik
Milljörevisorerna Environnet AB, Norrköping
Företagsutveckling LH AB, Norrköping
Nardus-Ekologisk konsult, Rimforsa
Hamrakonsult – Natur, Bild & Ljud, Rimforsa
Narsil AB, Norrköping
Joraform AB, Mjölby
Nitro Consult AB, Norrköping
JR Consulting, Mjölby
Prolup Absorbcenter AB, Åtvidaberg
Learson Consulting AB, Vikbolandet
Scan Drill KB, Åby
Table 2. Companies in East Gothia assessed to the subcategory Analysis.
Opsis AB, Norrköping
SMHI, Norrköping
Table 3. Companies in East Gothia assessed to the subcategory Information.
Förlagshuset fahlitteratur, Vadstena
Naturcentrum i Motala, Motala
Renewable energy
Table 4 and 5 shows 12 companies in the category Renewable energy. There were ten
companies in the subcategory Bio fuel of which one is producing ethanol, seven are producing
solid bio fuel and two companies are in the equipment area. Two companies are in the sub
category of Solar power and one of these manufactures absorbers for solar collectors and the
other selling equipment for solar power. Note that no company was found in the areas of
hydro power or wind power.
Table 4. Companies in East Gothia assessed to the subcategory Bio fuel.
Agroetanol AB, Norrköping
Sydved Energileveranser AB, Kisa
Bioenergi Skandinavia AB, Söderköping
Vikinge Forest & Bioenergy AB, Rimforsa
Econova Garden, Åby
WiZet Energi AB, Norrköping
Motala Pelletsvärme, Motala
Östgöta Bioenergi AB, Mjölby
Pellets-korgen Valdemarsvik AB, Valdemarsvik
Östgöta Bioenergi, Mantorp
Table 5. Companies in East Gothia assessed to the subcategory Solar power.
Atlas HB, Skärblacka
Sunstrip AB, Finspång
21
Environmental engineering
The category Environmental engineering includes companies in the subcategories
Decontamination, tank cleaning and pollution prevention and also companies that are in the
subcategory Dredging and environmental conservation. A total number of 14 were identified.
Table 6 shows one company in the pollution prevention area, three in the decontamination
area and two in the area of tank cleaning.
Table 6. Companies in East Gothia assessed to the subcategories Decontamination, tank cleaning and pollution
prevention.
Danells Service, Boxholm
RGS 90 Sverige AB, Norrköping
Dinair Filter AB, Vadstena
Älvestadtanken, Borensberg
E-G Sanering HB, Norrköping
Östlund AB Ulf, Norsholm
Table 7 shows eight companies in the subcategory Dredging and environmental conservation.
Three of these are in the dredging business and the other five in the environmental
conservation business.
Table 7. Companies in East Gothia assessed to the subcategory Dredging and environmental conservation.
Blå Kustens Skärgårdsservice AB, Gusum
Sankt Anna Rederi, Sankt Anna
G L Miljö, Gunnebo
Skogstorps Grävmaskiner AB, Skogstorp
IMA Miljö, Ljusfallshammar
Skölds Skog & Miljöschakt AB, Högsjö
Kmp Kontroll Miljö Proces AB, Västervik
Svensk Sjömuddring S S M, Norrköping
22
Recycling
The category Recycling is the single largest category with 56 companies identified and
divided into five subcategories.
Table 8 shows six companies in the subcategory Paper or cardboard.
Table 8. Companies in East Gothia assessed to the subcategory Paper and cardboard recycling.
Fiskeby Board AB, Norrköping
PÅAB Pappersåtervinnings, Norrköping
Holmen Paper AB, Norrköping
Stena Scanpaper AB, Skänninge
Kisa Återvinning AB, Kisa
Tidningsretur, Norrköping
Table 9 shows 34 companies that are in the subcategory Cars and metal recycling . With the
inclusion of junkyards in this study, recycling of both discarded cars and metals have been
given a great consideration. Because of this reason junkyards have been grouped together
with the companies that recycle metals. Junkyards constitute the major part of this
subcategory with a total of 23 companies and the other 11 companies are metal recycling
companies.
Table 9. Companies in East Gothia assessed to the subcategory Cars and metal recycling.
Allbilskroten, Norrköping
Nisses Bilskrot i Åtvidaberg AB, Åtvidaberg
Begagnade Bildelar AB, Norrköping
Outokumpu Copper Strip AB, Finspång
Bildelsbutiken Mikael Östh, Norrköping
SAPA Heat Transfer AB, Finspång
Boliden Nordic Brass AB, Gusum
Skrot Anders AB, Tjällmo
Boxholms Aluminiumåtervinning AB, Boxholm
SkrotEmil, Norrköping
Eriksson AB, Sune, Norrköping
Skrotfrag AB, Norrköping
Finspångs Bilskrot KB, Finspång
Skärblacka Bildemontering, Skärblacka
Greens Skrot AB, Boxholm
Slottshagens Bilskrot, Norrköping
H & K Bildemontering AB, Motala
Stena Gotthard AB, Motala
Hindstorp Autotjänst AB, Tjällmo
Stena Gotthard AB, Norrköping
Hyttsjö Materialåtervinning AB, Ljusfallshammar
Stena Gotthard AB, Skänninge
JL Bildemontering, Finspång
Stena Gotthard Återvinning AB
Järnvarulagret AB, Norrköping
Sånart Boxholm AB, Boxholm
Karstorps Bildemontering AB, Norrköping
Trania Metal & Återvinning, Tranås
Utterstad Bilskrot, Väderstad
Mjölby Bildemontering HB, Mjölby
Ågrens Bilskrotning, Skänninge
Motala Bildemontering AB, Motala
Östgöta metall och skrot AB, Åtvidaberg
Table 10 shows the subcategory Electronics recycling. Three companies were identified.
Table 10. Companies in East Gothia assessed to the subcategory Electronics recycling.
Brytsbo Elektronikåtervinning, Vikbolandet
Mirec Asset Management, Norrköping
MIREC AB, Norrköping
Table 11 shows the subcategory Fat recycling . Two companies were identified.
Table 11. Companies in East Gothia assessed to the subcategory Fat recycling.
Norrköpings Fettåtervinning, Norrköping
Sveprol AB, Norrköping
23
Table 12 shows subcategory “Others” which presents companies that we were unable to
access their homepages. Other companies grouped into this subcategory include those that we
could not place into any of the subcategories listed above. The companies were found by
searching for recycling but no information on what they recycle was found. There is also one
company that retread tyres, one that recycle household waste and rest products, one that
recycle plastics and manufacture waste bags and finally a company that is in the area of using
recycled material as fuel.
Table 12. Companies in East Gothia assessed to the subcategory Others. This means that either we were not
able to determine what they recycle or they recycle other materials then the predefined categories states.
Cogab KB, Norrköping
Rent Kärl i Norrköping AB, Norrköping
Colmec-Reba AB, Norrköping
Returen, Norrköping
Demotec Scandinavia AB, Norrköping
I L Recycling, Norrköping
VMS QVER, Norrköping
Miljösäck AB, Norrköping
Östgöta Handel, Valdemarsvik
Motala Återvinning, Motala
Waste and water treatment
Under the category Waste and water treatment 42 companies were identified. Table 13 shows
32 of this companies that are in the subcategory Solid waste, hazardous waste and sludge
removal. Several companies that handle hazardous wastes together with sludge removal and
solid waste are grouped into the same subcategory. Four companies are manufacturing or
providing waste treatment equipment.
Table 13. Companies in East Gothia assessed to the subcategories Solid waste, hazardous waste and sludge
removal.
Allrenhållning i Östergötland AB, Finspång
Allrenhållning i Östergötland AB, Norrköping
Nya Allsug AB, Norrköping
Allrenhållning i Östergötland AB, Söderköping
Optibag Systems AB, Mjölby
Allrenhållning i Östergötland AB, Valdemarsvik
Ragn-Sells Specialavfall AB, Norrköping
Allrenhållning i Östergötland AB, Åtvidaberg
Allsug i Norrköping AB, Norrköping
Sanero AB, Norrköping
Alltransport i Östergötland AB
SITA Sverige AB, Norrköping
Alltransport i Östergötland AB, Motala
Spol & Industriservice, Norrköping
Avfallstransporter i Vadstena AB, Vadstena
Spolservice AB, Norrköping
Blosse Renhållnings- & Miljösystem AB
Staafs Åkeri AB, Sture, Motala
Frimokar System AB, Åby
Sydkraft Östvärme AB, Norrköping
Wilssons Åkeri AB, S-O, Norrköping
ÖHS AB, Norrköping
Karlsson Åkeri Finspång AB, J M, Finspång
Östgötafrakt, Mjölby
LBC Finspång AB, Finspång
Östgötafrakt, Motala
Miljöbolaget i Svealand AB, Storfors
Östgötafrakt, Norrköping
Table 14 shows the subcategory Wastewater. Two companies were identified.
Table 14. Companies in East Gothia assessed to the subcategory Wastewater.
Ramsdals Reningsverk, Gusum
Sydkraft Vatten AB, Norrköping
24
Table 15 shows eight companies that are in the subcategory Water treatment equipment. They
could be both manufacturing and/or selling companies.
Table 15. Companies in East Gothia assessed to the subcategory Water treatment equipment.
AQUAMATIC Sverige, Motala
Outokumpu/ WTT AB, Åby
ENWA AB, Tranås
Polyproject Sweden AB, Kolmården
Läckeby Water AB, Norrköping
Processteknik C Ericsson AB, Kolmården
Murco Miljö Svenska AB, Finspång
TJ:s Pumpservice AB, Finspång
Environmentally driven product development
Under the category Environmentally driven product development companies that manufacture
products that are either good for the environment or environmentally branded products are
grouped. Table 16 shows 12 companies of which 10 are Krav branded and 9 of these 10 are
refining food, while one is making a lotion for animals. Further more, one is manufacturing an
environmentally branded washing powder and one manufactures low energy electronic
household products.
Table 16. Companies in East Gothia assessed to the subcategory Environmentally driven product development.
Boxholm Ost AB, Boxholm
Lundell & Co AB, Ödeshög
Electrolux Home Products Operations AB, Motala
Magnusson Peter, Tjällmo
Finn P Möller, Österbymo
Mixum AB, Motala
Forsbecks AB, Skänninge
Rimforsa kursgård AB, Rimforsa
Harg Odlarna HB, Kisa
Svenska Lantmännen Div Spannmål, Norrköping
Kemibolaget i Bromma, Vadstena
Tistelvind AB, Boxholm
Energy efficiency
Table 17 shows companies that work with Energy efficiency measures. They can either handle
the areas energy, pluming or heating. A total number of five companies have been identified.
Table 17. Companies in East Gothia assessed to the subcategory Energy efficiency.
BNS Competence AB/BNS Produkter & Marketing,
Wirström & Månsson Rör AB IVT Energicenter,
Motala
Norrköping
EFB Energiförbättringar, AB, Norrköping
Åtvidabergs Rör AB, Åtvidaberg
Stenfors Technics Svante Stenfors, Finspång
Companies of possible interest identified
Going by our field experiences as substantiated by our quantitative data, we were able to
identify the following companies as possible interests in terms of future export potentials of
their products.
The products should either be environmentally friendly or be used in different kinds of
environmental work.
Joraform AB - Manufacture composts for large households
Sunstrip AB - Manufacture absorbers for solar conductors
Kemibolaget i Bromma - Manufacture environmentally branded washing detergent
Optibag Systems AB - Manufacture an optical sorting unit for waste
Polyproject Sweden AB - Custom-made construction of equipment for treatment plants, water
and waste water
25
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS, DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
4.1 VIEWS OF THE ENVIRONMENT INDUSTRY LEADERS IN EAST GOTHIA
The executives of the specifically selected companies of the environment industry in the
region of East Gothia (Linköping excluded) that were interviewed was asked for their
reactions to the quantitative data generated through the various database search engines earlier
highlighted in our methodology. All agreed that they were reasonable. On specific comments,
some were of the opinion that if the project is successfully completed, there would be a form
of literature for reference purposes for future studies where companies in the environment
business could be easily found. Others held the opinion that it is of great importance to the
sector if there would be a form categorised and well defined boundary in the environment
industry in East Gothia and expressed confidence in the methodology we had adopted during
the course of the project. Of great concern to our team was an opinion held by one of the
executives who stressed concentration on “outdoor environmental” activities as the core of
the environment industry in general, as against a divergent view of including some “indoor”
activities as part of the environmental goods and services industry. This was a reaction
following our interest in seeking opinions relating to defining the boundaries of the
environment industry from the respective executives interviewed.
A general feeling among executives of the selected companies interviewed was that there
exist various forms of co-operations between respective companies and others in certain areas
of concentration depending on the demands of their customers. Sunstrip AB admitted cooperating with metal industries as well as the University of Uppsala and the University of
Lund where some of the technical assistance originates. Alltransport AB co-operates with
some hazardous waste destruction companies where majority of their waste products are
finally sent for destruction which is in compliance to environmental safety. Joraform AB
admits having co-operations with some bag manufacturing companies, waste bin
manufacturing companies as well as the Swedish Agricultural University. Miljöinvest AB cooperates extensively with testing laboratories in providing professional consulting expertise to
their respective clients.
Executives response on future growth opportunities was that growth has been pursued in their
respective service areas, both not changing the basic nature of goods and services they render.
Three of the companies admitted having expanded to new geographic markets especially in
Europe. For instance, Sunstrip AB hinted of having had reasons to diversify much of their
market strategies to Europe, Middle East and other parts of the world. Also Joraform AB
admitted great demands of their products in Croatia. Miljöinvest AB confirmed receiving
demand for their services outside the region of East Gothia (eg south and mid Sweden) and
international to countries as South Africa, Germany, Philippines (Manila) etc. Alltransport
AB maintained that their services are still within Sweden.
In an another way of ensuring future growth of the respective companies, there was a strong
confirmation by some firms accomplishing these through mergers acquisition of entirely a
smaller firm as part of their company. This was a view expressed of Alltransport AB as they
confirmed this to be part of their operational policy at the moment.
26
A consensus among the executives interviewed was that there is little or no negative effects
that economic downturn would have on their respective services. This was however expressed
in different manners as it applies to each area of respective company’s operations. For
example Sunstrip AB cited instances where Governmental legislations on the discontinuous
use of fossil energy would be in their favour. “If peradventure higher prices are placed on
fossil fuel products that would make it slightly out of reach of an average person in the
society, then it means more demand for alternative measures like the renewable energy where
our services and products are required”. Joraform AB expressed similar view with regards to
having business as usual even under tough economic conditions because “waste” business is a
mandatory work that ensures adherence from all concerned. Others expressed no contrasting
opinion on this as the indicated not having any negative effect should the situation does arise.
Nevertheless, one problem facing the industry and executives as we did observed from our
field interviews is that there is no real, true educational path to being an environmental
professional. Everybody came to the field from some other fields. That means the expertise
that a particular professional would offer is not automatic. This is because the environmental
market is broad and the services you need to provide are very broad also. So the challenge is
getting the right person with the expertise to the right problem. The general feeling was that
when you have clients that are much focused on specific problems, you have to work harder
to find the expertise to address those problems. This was evidenced in the views expressed by
Miljöinvest AB as they admitted seeking professional services of some specialised institutions
like the testing laboratories in executing majority of their services required by their clients.
4.2 SCENARIO ANALYSIS
Scenarios created around current feelings in the environmental goods and services in East
Gothia suggest areas of future growth for the industry in general within the region. These
were indications revealed by our interview sessions with executives of selected companies.
Views on future growth potentials of the industry could be predicted under the following
headings:
(a) Resource recovery and process technologies gain acceptance
There is no doubt that technologies for recovering valuable materials or improving the
efficiency of industrial processes are gradually moving into the mainstream, pushing us ever
closer to the “circular economy” in which waste is reduced and the by-products of industrial
production and human consumption gain new life as raw materials.
This is an example suggestive of the type of services that Joraform AB offers to their clients.
Though noted that there have not been an intense competition in their areas of services within
the region as well as the entire country at the moment, it was stressed that with the current
high demand for their products, co-operations in some aspects may be given consideration in
an effort to expanding their business horizon.
Bearing in mind that in material recovery today, numerous technologies are available to
recover and reuse for example, oils, gases, fly ash, metals, plastics, acids and other chemicals,
refrigerants, wood by-products and much more. Other firms are more process – than products
– oriented, developing production methods or new chemistries that reduce emissions and
waste by-products.
27
Both the qualitative investigation accomplished by our field interviews and the quantitative
data generated through the various database search engines used, revealed great acceptance of
these services by the public and would suggest co-operations among participating firms to
enhance future growth through resource optimization efficiency within the sector (figure 3).
We gathered in the case of Joraform AB that majority of their raw materials are bought from
other firms (for example the plastic industry) which they use in manufacturing their
composting products. Therefore, if a cluster of industries is built around the “composting
industry”, this means that companies in the plastic, metal, wood by-products would continue
to flourish in business and not compromising the safety of the environment at the same time.
Furthermore, we know that even though the pollution prevention and resource recovery
markets are not fundamentally driven by regulatory regimes, which tend to mandate pollution
control regardless of the ultimate approach, regulations do make themselves felt as motivators
for adopting these technologies as measures for avoiding high disposal costs and future
liabilities. Cost is the paramount concern, but regulations helping define the map of cost
savings. It should be noted that both economic downturn and regulations are positive
indicators in terms of future growth in business and more revenue generation as in the case of
Joraform AB. Regulations against pollution enhances alternative measures to reducing
pollution which points to resource recovery and process technologies.
More so, industrial activities under waste and water treatment category can be seen as
belonging to the resource recovery and process technologies and have the tendency of having
a “cluster” of industries developed in this sector as our investigation would reveal within the
region of East Gothia (figure 4).
(b) Sustainable energy, a future sustainable sector
Renewable energy as it is widely accepted was assessed by Statistics Sweden as one of the
large environmental activities in Sweden with the highest numbers of employees in
Stockholm, Linköping and Sundsvall (Statistics Sweden, 2000). During the course of our field
investigations similar feeling was expressed by the executive of Sunstrip AB when
interviewed. Recalling statements credited to this company’s executive, the feeling that
should there continue to be greater emphasis on the discontinuous use of fossil fuel product,
the future would become brighter for the renewable energy sector to take the centre stage in
the energy business.
In an effort to maintain the global clamour for cleaner productions, the reduction or total stop
to emissions of hazardous gaseous substances into the environment emanating from power
industry as well as the petroleum industry has generated much awareness. The effect on
climate change is a typical example. Therefore, in order to enhance sustainable, management
of resources, we identified the renewable energy sector as a potential future sustainable
business sector within the East Gothia environmental goods and services industry. Our
suggestion follows a possible establishment of clusters of industrial activities around this
sector to enhance future growth of the industry. Our suggestion again, is in conformity with
the assessment previously done by Statistics Sweden when the region was identified as having
potentials for renewable energy business, for example Linköping (Statistics Sweden, 2000).
28
4.3 DISCUSSION
Owing to the controversies surrounding the definition of the boundaries of the environment
industry, it was difficult to determine which company or group of companies that was to be
included in our quantitative data and also which category that best suit a particular company if
eventually considered as belonging to the environment industry in East Gothia. Our
experience was not different from views expressed by established organisations such as the
OECD, WTO etc (OECD, 1999).
Because of the differing definitions and classifications of the environment industry from
country to country due to the broad nature of the industry as noted by WTO (2001), we
decided to coin a definition that would check against uncertainties in the course of our
investigation. We defined the environmentally driven business as enterprises or companies
that generate revenue from their environmental works. Our definition is in accordance with
that given by the United States where environmental services are defined as those which
generates revenues by fees for a service related to a project which benefits the environment
(US submission, 1997).
Our inventory results produced a gross list of companies which was later reduced to a
manageable number after careful screening made possible by our definition of the
environment industry within the region. Our categorisation of companies was polythetic in the
sense that they were not identical with respect to all variables, but rather were grouped
according to similarities revealed by a critical qualitative analysis accomplished by field
interviews. This approach follows explanations given by Peneder (2002) when describing
various forms of classification patterns.
In an effort to establish areas of potential future growth of the environment industry in East
Gothia as earlier stated as part of our objectives, our categorisation which was made possible
by our definition, identified the Recycling industries as having potentials for future growth
(figure 3). Our findings is not far from earlier studies conducted by Statistics Sweden which
indicated future potentials for the recycling business particularly in the Solid waste
management sector where empirically is regarded as one of the five largest environmental
activities in Sweden according to the number of employees with the highest numbers in
municipalities of Göteborg, Stockholm and Norrköping (Statistics Sweden, 2000).
As earlier discussed in the scenario analysis, resource recovery and process technologies are
gaining tremendous acceptance globally. This is evident of our inventory results as our
investigation has shown that there is a strong correlation between recovery of valuable
materials and the circular economy in which waste is reduced and the by-products of
industrial production and human consumption gain new life as raw materials.
Another important fact established in the course of our investigation is that Renewable energy
amid strong controversy surrounding its inclusion into the environmental goods and services
industry on the global scale as held by OECD (1999), is gaining tremendous attention in
Sweden particularly in the region of East Gothia. Our investigation revealed great future
growth potentials for this sector in East Gothia which confirms Statistics Sweden’s findings in
classifying this industrial sector also as one of the five largest environmental activities in
Sweden according to the number of employees with the highest numbers in Stockholm,
Linköping and Sundsvall (Statistics Sweden, 2000).
29
Our identification of possible clusters for these industrial activities particularly in these two
sectors that has great future growth potentials is aimed at enhancing resource optimisation
through symbiosis. Industrial symbiosis would ensure great awareness in environmental
safety involving production processes to products and finally disposal. However, the
environmental performance of participating firms is of great interest in a cluster situation.
This, if adequately implemented would from time to time enhance the safety of the
environment
4.4 CONCLUSION
The future of the environmental goods and services industry in East Gothia is bright going by
our investigation. Attention should be directed towards renewable energy where there is a
strong indication of success if adequately harnessed. This is because fewer industries appear
to be in the sector at present in the region of East Gothia as our inventory results would
revealed. More so, efforts should be directed towards formulating a harmonised curriculum
that would blend professional disciplines in order to establish a certified practitioner in the
environmental field. This is because of our field experience where there is a general feeling
that the expertise a particular professional in the field would offer is not automatic.
Considerations should be made to understand the importance of maximizing the export
potentials of the respective company products that were identified as possible interest for
economic interest of the industrial sector as well as the region as a whole. Companies with
these export potentials have been identified in the results of inventories.
30
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ACF/ACTU (1994) Green jobs in Industry-Research Report, Australian Conservation
Foundation, Australian Council of Trade Unions and the Commonwealth
Department of Employment and Training: Melbourne.
Australian Industry Commission (1993), “Environmental Waste management Equipment,
Systems and Services”, Draft report.
Bailey, K.D. (1994) Typologies and Taxonomies. An Introduction to Classification
Techniques; Sage University paper series on Quantitative Applications in
the Social Sciences, 07-102, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1994.
Canada Submission (2001), Initial Negotiating Proposal on Environmental Services.
Communication from Canada, Council for Trade in Services-Special
Session, S/CSS/W151, 14 March, 2001 [“Canada Submission (2001)”],
para. 6.
Coombes, H. (2001), Research Using IT. New York: Palgrave.
Diener, B.J. and Terkla, D. (2000), The Environmental Industry in Massachusetts: From
Rapid Growth to Maturity. Corporate Environmental Strategy, Vol.7, No.
3 (2000), Elsevier Science Inc.
Eklund, M and Hjelm, O. (2005) Miljöteknik i Linköping, inventering av företag och förslag
på åtgärder för utveckling. Industriell miljöteknik, IKP. Linköpings
universitet.
European Commission (1994) “Eco-Industries in the EC”, in Panorama of EU Industry 94,
Brussels.
EU Submission (1999), Section II.
ILO (BHALLA, A.S., ed.) ( 1992), Environment, Employment and Development, Geneva.
MITI (1994b) “Environment Ministry Policy in Japan”, mimeo, Tokyo, September.
OECD Environment Industry Output, 1990.
OECD, Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard, 1999. Benchmarking KnowledgeBased Economics, Paris: OECD, 1999.
OECD Environmental Goods and Services: The Benefits of Further Global Trade
Liberalisation, OECD, 2001 [OECD (2001) ].
Peneder, M. (2002) industry Classification: Aim, Scope and Techniques. Austrian Institute of
Economic Research (WIFO), Vienna.
31
Statistics Sweden, The Environment Industry in Sweden 2000. Employment and Economic
data for enterprises primarily producing environmental goods and services.
Rapport 2000: 8.
UNCTAD (1994) In: Strengthening Capacities In Developing Countries To Develop Their
Environmental Services Sector UNCTAD 1998 (TD/B/COM.1/EM.7/2).
Geneva.
UNCTAD, Environmentally Preferable Products (EPPs) as a Trade Opportunity for
Developing Countries, Report by the UNCTAD Secretariat,
UNCTAD/COM/70, 19 December 1995 [UNCTAD (1995) ], pp.5-7.
US Submission (1997), Liberalization of Trade in Environmental Services and the
Environment. Contribution by the United States, WTO Committee on Trade
and Environment. WT/CTE/W/70, 21 November 1997 [“US Submission
(1997)], para.2.
US Trade Promotion Coordinating Committee, 2000, “The National Export Strategy”, Annual
Report to the United States Congress, Washington.
VLM (1992), Environment Technology, Directory of Dutch Firms, FME, Zoetermeer,
Netherlands.
WTO (1998), Environmental Benefits of Removing Trade Restrictions and Distributions
(WT/CTE/W/67/Add.1), Geneva.
WTO (2001), “Ministerial Declaration”, WT/MIN (01)/DEC/1, 14 November, Doha.
32
APPENDIX 1A
Companies identified under respective predefined category from Gula Sidorna.
Category
Avfallshanteringsutrustningar
Company
Biobränsle
Energibesparing
EFB Energiförbättringar, Norrköping
Norrköping
Miljökonsulter
MACOMA Miljöutredningar, Norrköping
Miljövård, sanering
Blosse Renhållnings- & Miljösystem AB, Kimstad
canISO, Åby
G L Miljö, Gunnebo
Sunny miljöservice HB, Norrköping
Muddringsarbeten
Svensk Sjömuddring S S M, Norrköping
Oljesanering/tankrengöring
Östlund Ulf, AB, Norsholm
Renhållningsentreprenörer, avfallshantering
Returpapper
Slamsugning
Alltransport i Östergötland AB, Norrköping
33
Slamsugning
Östgötafrakt AB, Mjölby
Östgötafrakt AB, Motala
Östgötafrakt AB, Norrköping
Skrotar
Vattenbehandlingsutrustningar
ENWA AB, Tranås
Svenska Aquamatic, Motala
Återvinning
Allrenhållning i Östergötland, Söderköping
Boxholms AluminiumÅtervinning, Boxholm
Fettförädling, Sveprol AB, Åby
RGS 90 Sweden AB, Norrköping
34
APPENDIX 1B
Companies identified under respective predefined category from Företagsfakta.
Category
Avfallshanteringsutrustningar
Company
Brodd-Son AB, Motala
Besiktning, provning
Biobränsle
Econova AB, Åby
Pellets-korgen Valdemarsvik AB,
Valdemarsvik
Energibesparing, - effektivisering
BNS Competence AB/BNS Produkter &
Marketing, Motala
Stenfors Technics Svante Stenfors,
Finspång
Sydkraft Försäljning AB, Norrköping
Miljöfarligt avfall
Miljökonsulter
Antivenena AB, Ljungsbro
Hamrakonsult - Natur, Bild & Ljud, Rimforsa
Miljövård
ELK Enstedts Limnologiska Konsultbyrå AB,
Ljungsbro
Fläkt Woods AB, Norrköping
JORAFORM AB, Mjölby
Miljö- & Hälsoskyddskontoret, Norrköping
Miljörevisorerna Environnet AB, Norrköping
35
Miljövård
Opsis AB, Furulund
Muddrigsarbeten
Oljesanering/tankrengörning
ISS Industri & Skadeservice AB, Norrköping
Renhållningsentreprenörer, avfallshantering
Allrenhållning AB, Söderköping
Avfallstransporter AB, Vadstena
Sanering, miljövård
AKON Service AB, Norrköping
Anderssons Måleri, Arne, Skänninge
Anticimex AB, Norrköping
A-Sanering AB, Vadstena
Fukt & SaneringsTeknik AB, Norrköping
Haga ROT Service i Norrköping AB,
Norrköping
Kasab Sanering, Norrköping
NS Norisol Sverige AB, Norrköping
Odén & Weigel AB, Ljungsbro
Prolup Absorbenter AB, Åtvidaberg
Servum AB, Norrköping
Sodexho AB, Norrköping
SP-Skadeservice S Persson AB, Vikingstad
Östgöta Sanering AB, Norrköping
Östlund AB, Ulf, Nordholm
Skrotar
Kisa återvinning AB, Kisa
Slamsugning
Sanero Industriservice, Norrköping
Östergötlands Högtrycksspolning AB,
Norrköping
Östgötafrakt AB, Norrköping
Sophanteringsmaskiner, -utrustning
Bemab International AB, Mjölby
Bimo AB, Vikingstad
36
Sophanteringsmaskiner, -utrustning
Broddway AB, Skänninge
Hannäs Smide & Montage AB, Åtvidaberg
Prodema AB, Vadstena
Vattenbehandlingsutrustning
AQUAMATIC Sverige/Svenska
AQUAMATIC, Motala
Galvour AB, Åby
Scan Drill KB, Åby
Vattenrening, teknik
AQUAMATIC Sverige/Svenska
AQUAMATIC, Motala
Återvinning
Allrenhållning AB, Söderköping
Boxholms Aluminiumåtervinning AB,
Boxholm
Hyttsjö Materialåtervinning AB,
Ljusfallshammar
JORAFORM AB, Mjölby
Kisa Återvinning AB, KISA
Norrköpings Fettåtervinning, AB, Norrköping
PÅAB Pappersåtervinnings AB, Norrköping
Service & Entreprenadkontoret, Mjölby
Östgöta Metall & Skrot AB, Åtvidaberg
37
APPENDIX 1C
Companies with the Krav brand identified from Krav.
Förädlare
Producent hjälpmedel
Butiker
Coop Forum Motala, Motala
Coop Forum Norrköping, Norrköping
Coop Konsum Åby, Åby
Coop Konsum Krokek, Kolmården
Coop Konsum Saluhallen, Norrköping
Coop Konsum Skärblacka, Skärblacka
Coop Konsum Skarphagen, Norrköping
Coop Konsum Söderköping, Söderköping
Hemköp Norrköping, Norrköping
Restauranger
Scandic Norrköping C, Norrköping
Scandic Norrköping N, Norrköping
Reg av livsmedel
38
APPENDIX 1D
Companies identified as environmentally certified according to ISO14001, EMAS or
FR2000 from Environcert.
Norrköping
ABIC Kemi AB
ACC Inomhusklimat AB
Allkranar Ronny Jonsson AB
Alltransport i Östergötland AB
Anatomic Sitt AB
ATOTECH Skandinavien AB
Bojer SLI Städservice AB
Bravida Mellersta AB
Bravida Service Mellersta AB
BRINK AB Förnicklingsfabriken
Bröderna Edstrand AB
Bygg & Anläggningar i Norrköping AB
C S Automation AB
Candor Sweden AB
Cogab KB
Colmec-Reba AB
Color Center Sverige AB
Dow Sverige AB
DU-TEKNIK AB
Eneby Järngruppen AB
Enista AB
Enthone AB
EPM PowerTech AB
Europa Transport AB
Fiskeby Board AB
Flexman AB
Grehns Plåt AB
HBK Roland Jakobsson
Husbyggnadskonstruktion AB
Hellmer Industries AB
Holmen Paper AB
ISS Industri- och skadeservice AB
Karstorps Bildemontering AB
Kumlins Måleri i Norrköping AB
Luftfartsverket, LFV Teknik
Lås & Nycklar AB
Nordhs Borstfabrik AB
Norrköpings Fettåtervinning AB
Norrköpings Stenindustri AB
Nyckelkedjan AB
Saltängens Mekaniska Verkstad AB
SHC Byggservice AB
SHC-Håltagning
SMHI
Smurfit Munksjö Packaging AB
Specialverktyg i Norrköping AB
Stans-Form AB
39
Norrköping
Stokvis Tapes AB
Ståthöga Teknik AB
Ståthöga Verkstad AB
Swed Handling AB
Sydkraft Vatten AB
Sydkraft Östvärme AB
Söderbergs i Norrköping Bil AB
Tage Rejmes Bil AB
Tage Rejmes i Norrköping Bil AB
Tage Rejmes Lastvagnar AB
TreCé AB
TvNo Textilservice AB
Zackrissons Industrivulk AB
Å&R Carton AB
ÅPS Combustion AB
Boxholm
Boxholms Aluminiumåtervinning AB
Boxholm Timber AB
Boxholms Aluminiumåtervinning AB
C L I Q, ContactCenter i Boxholm AB
Carlssons Leksaksfabrik AB
Netcliq AB
Sofielunds Träprodukter AB
Sånart Boxholm AB
Finspång
Alstom Power Sweden AB
ALSTOM Power Sweden AB Power
Service
Outokumpu Copper Strip AB
SAPA Heat Transfer AB
Sapa Industriservice AB
Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB
Sunstrip AB
Voith Fabrics Högsjö AB
Kinda
BTT Plåt AB
Duni AB
Jens-Åke Bygg AB
Sydved Energileveranser AB
Södra Timber AB
Mjölby
BT Products AB
RaLa AB
Motala
Arla Plast AB
Autoliv Electronics AB
Bipart AB
Bröderna Rasch AB
40
Motala
Byggritningar AB
City-Tryck i Motala AB
Dometic AB
Electrolux Home Products Operations AB
Euroform 3 AB
Harman Sweden
Inplastor, AB
Mixum AB
Pabic Teknoplast AB
Saab Bofors Underwater Systems AB
TermoRegulator AB
Tjällmo Grävmaskiner AB
Wahlstedts Bil AB
Östgöta Bil AB
Söderköping
Fläkt Woods AB
Plastema AB
Sura Magnets AB
Vadstena
All-Lego Mekaniska AB
Bilvården Vadstena
Carbex AB
Dinair Filter AB
EWAB Engineering AB
Fredrikssons Verkstad AB
GLn-Produkter AB
Markussons Grafiska AB
Olai & Lindgren Reklambyrå AB
PELPLAST Utveckling AB
Sterisol AB
Stroh-Ohlsson Redovisning
Teknova Byggsystem AB
Vadstena Färg AB
Vadstena Industriplast AB
Vadstena Varmförzinkning AB
Kemibolaget i Bromma
Valdemarsvik
Boliden Nordic Brass AB
Österströms Rederi AB
Ydre
Åtvidaberg
Ödeshög
Danagårds Grafiska AB
Lundell & Co, AB
41
APPENDIX 2
Gross list including all identified companies. The digit 1 states from which source the company was found. In the column Env driven the digit
1 states if the company has been assessed environmentally driven according to our definition.
Company
Gula
Företagsfakta
Sidorna
Environcert
ABIC Kemi AB, Norrköping
1
ACC Inomhusklimat AB, Norrköping
1
1
AKON Service AB, Norrköping
1
Krav
Env driven
Branch
Manufacture Epoxy etc.
Ventilation
1
Bio fuel, liquid
Demolition, asbestos decontamination
1
1
Allkranar Ronny Jonsson AB, Norrköping
1
All-Lego Mekaniska AB, Vadstena
1
Junkyard
Cranes (Nuvarande ägare Alltransport)
Lego manufacturing of cutting work up tools
1
1
Transport of industrial waste, sorted waste, hazardous waste, paper and metal
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Sludge removal
1
Transport of industrial waste, sorted waste, hazardous waste
1
Transport of industrial waste, sorted waste, hazardous waste
1
1
1
1
1
ALSTOM Power Sweden AB Power Service, Finspång
1
Turbine service
Alstom Power Sweden AB, Finspång
1
Turbines
Anatomic Sitt AB, Norrköping
1
Walking aids etc.
Anderssons Måleri, Arne, Skänninge
1
Anticimex AB, Norrköping
1
1
1
Consulting, environmental and quality
1
1
Water treatment equipment
AQUAMATIC Sverige, Motala
1
Painter
Moist, mould decontamination etc.
1
Arla Plast AB, Borensberg
A-Sanering AB, Vadstena
1
1
1
ATOTECH Skandinavien AB, Norrköping
1
Autoliv Electronics AB, Motala
1
1
1
Plastic manufacturer
Fire seals etc.
Selling equipment for solar power
Electronics. Surface treatment
Car safety
1
Transport of waste
42
Company
Gula
Företagsfakta
Sidorna
Env driven
1
1
1
1
Bimo AB, Vikingstad
1
1
Junkyard
Junkyard
Car care
Cleaning equipment
1
1
Bipart AB, Motala
Branch
Manufacture sweeping machines etc.
1
Bilvården Vadstena, Vadstena
Blosse Renhållnings- & Miljösystem AB, Kimstad
Krav
1
Bemab International AB, Mjölby
Environcert
Bio fuel, solid
Provide tools for industries etc.
1
1
Waste treatment equipment
1
1
Environmental conservation
BNS Competence AB/BNS Produkter & Marketing, Motala
1
1
Energy efficiency
Bojer SLI Städservice AB, Norrköping
1
Boliden Nordic Brass AB, Gusum
1
1
Metal recycling
1
Cheese producer
1
Boxholm Timber AB, Boxholm
Boxholms Aluminiumåtervinning AB, Boxholm
Cleaning service
1
1
1
1
Sawmill
1
Metal recycling, Junkyard
Bravida Mellersta AB, Norrköping
1
Ventilation etc
Bravida Service Mellersta AB, Norrköping
1
Electricians etc.
BRINK AB Förnicklingsfabriken, Norrköping
1
Nickel plating
1
Broddway AB, Skänninge
1
Manufacture sweeping machines etc
Manufacture sweeping machines etc
1
1
Recycle electronics
Bröderna Edstrand AB, Norrköping
1
Trading company in steel and metal
Bröderna Rasch AB, Motala
1
Ventilation, fire dampers etc.
BT Products AB, Mjölby
1
Manufacture trucks
BTT Plåt AB, Kisa
1
Manufacture sheet metal
Bygg & Anläggningar i Norrköping AB, Norrköping
1
Construction company
Byggritningar AB, Motala
1
Construction blueprints
C L I Q, ContactCenter i Boxholm AB, Boxholm
1
Callcenter
C S Automation AB, Norrköpin
1
Components for pneumatics, hydralics etc.
Candor Sweden AB, Norrköping
1
canISO, Åby
1
Deliver chemical products for metal surface treatment etc.
1
Consulting, environmental etc.
Carbex AB, Vadstena
1
Electronic parts
Carlssons Leksaksfabrik AB, Boxholm
1
Manufacture toys
43
Company
Gula
Företagsfakta
Sidorna
Environcert
Krav
Env driven
1
City-Tryck i Motala AB, Motala
1
Branch
Printing
1
1
Development, marketing and distribution of recovered material
Colmec-Reba AB, Norrköping
1
1
Manufacture, marketing, sales and distribution of retreaded tyres
Color Center Sverige AB, Norrköping
1
Didgital printing, copying etc.
Coop Forum Motala, Motala
1
Food store
Coop Forum Norrköping, Norrköping
1
Food store
Coop Konsum Krokek, Kolmården
1
Food store
Coop Konsum Saluhallen, Norrköping
1
Food store
Coop Konsum Skarphagen, Norrköping
1
Food store
Coop Konsum Skärblacka, Skärblacka
1
Food store
Coop Konsum Söderköping, Söderköping
1
Food store
Coop Konsum Åby, Åby
1
Food store
1
Danagårds Grafiska AB, Ödeshög
Printing
1
1
Decontamination
1
1
Recycling
1
Manufacture filters
Dinair Filter AB, Vadstena
1
Dometic AB, Motala
1
Refrigerators for vehicles etc.
Dow Sverige AB, Norrköping
1
Selling raw plastic materials and chemicals
Duni AB, Kinda
1
DU-TEKNIK AB, Norrköping
1
Consulting, energy, environmental etc.
1
Bio fuel solid etc.
1
1
Energy efficiency
1
1
Decontamination
1
Manufacture low energy relectronic household products
1
Consulting, environmental
1
1
1
1
Electrolux Home Products Operations AB, Motala
1
Manufature napkins, table cloths etc.
1
Eneby Järngruppen AB, Norrköping
1
Hardware store
Enista AB, Norrköping
1
Road construction etc.
Enthone AB, Norrköping
1
ENWA AB, Tranås
1
1
EPM PowerTech AB, Norrköping
Chemicals
1
1
1
Maintance of powerplants etc.
1
Junkyard
Euroform 3 AB, Motala
1
Injection moulded plastics
Europa Transport AB, Norrköping
1
Logistics
44
Company
Gula
Företagsfakta
Sidorna
Environcert
Env driven
1
1
Lotion for animals
1
Junkyard
1
Cardboard recycling
1
EWAB Engineering AB, Vadstena
Krav
Automation products
1
Fiskeby Board AB, Norrköping
1
Flexman AB, Norrköping
1
1
Fläkt Woods AB, Norrköping
Adhesives
1
Ventilation
1
1
1
Fredrikssons Verkstads AB, Vadstena
Branch
Refining of food
Mechanical manufacturing industry
1
Fukt & SaneringsTeknik AB, Norrköping
1
1
1
1
1
Information
1
G L Miljö, Gunnebo
1
Mechanical construction
1
GLn-Produkter AB, Vadstena
Manufacture transport systems to food and chemical industry.
1
1
1
Grehns Plåt AB, Norrköping
1
1
Hamrakonsult - Natur, Bild & Ljud, Rimforsa
1
Hannäs Smide & Montage AB, Åtvidaberg
1
Junkyard
Metal sheet processing
1
Haga ROT Service i Norrköping AB, Norrköping
Waste treatment equipment
1
Galvour AB, Åby
1
Junkyard
Demolition, asbestos decontamination
1
Consultants, environment
1
1
Refining of food (eggs)
Harman Sweden, Motala
1
Stereo equipment manufacturer
HBK Roland Jakobsson AB, Norrköping
1
Construction (Buildings)
Hellmer Industries AB, Norrköping
1
Sheet metal, metal surface treatment etc.
1
Hemköp Norrköping, Norrköping
1
1
Holmen Paper AB, Norrköping
Food store
1
Junkyard
1
Paper recycling
1
1
1
Metal recycling
1
1
1
Recycling, household waste, rest products
1
1
Inplastor AB, Motala
ISS Industri & Skadeservice AB, Norrköping
1
1
Graphic design specialised in plastic
1
Service supplier
45
Company
Gula
Företagsfakta
Sidorna
Env driven
Branch
Construction
1
1
Krav
1
Jens-Åke Bygg AB, Kinda
Environcert
1
1
Junkyard
1
Manufacture compost bins, provide waste treatment solutions, consulting
1
Consulting
1
1
Junkyard
1
1
Sludge removal
1
1
Junkyard
1
1
Produce env friendly washing powder etc.
1
Recycling metal, paper etc.
1
Karstorps Bildemontering AB, Norrköping
1
Kasab Sanering, Norrköping
Kemibolaget i Bromma, Vadstena
1
1
1
1
Kumlins Måleri i Norrköping AB, Norrköping
Painter
1
1
Sludge removal,recycling transports, waste transports
1
1
Luftfartsverket, LFV Teknik, Norrköping
1
Lundell & Co AB, Ödeshög
1
Lås & Nycklar AB, Norrköping
1
MACOMA Miljöutredningar,
Norrköping
State activity
1
Keys and locks
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Markussons Grafiska AB, Vadstena
1
Miljö- & Hälsoskyddskontoret, Norrköping
1
Grow and pack carrots
Contracts, products and service for water purification and bio gas production
Refining of food
Graphics and printing
1
Athority
1
Waste treatment, hazardous waste etc.
1
1
Miljörevisorerna Environnet AB, Norrköping
1
1
1
1
Recycle plastics and manufacture waste bags
1
1
1
Recycle electronics
1
1
Recycle electronics
1
Refining of food
1
Mixum AB, Motala
1
1
Junkyard
1
1
Junkyard
46
Company
Gula
Företagsfakta
Sidorna
Environcert
Krav
Env driven
Branch
1
1
Bio fuel, solid
1
1
Recycling
1
1
Air and water cleaning
1
1
Consultng, environmental
1
1
1
1
Knowledge, consulting
1
1
1
Netcliq AB, Boxholm
1
1
1
1
Consulting, environmental etc.
1
Manufacture brushes and sweep machines
1
1
Norrköpings Stenindustri AB, Norrköping
NS Norisol Sverige AB, Norrköping
1
1
Insulation
1
Odour removal
1
Olai & Lindgren Reklambyrå AB, Vadstena
Opsis AB, Norrköping
1
Advertising
1
1
Analysis, measuring (Air) etc
1
1
Developing and selling of optical waste sorting systems
1
Recycle metal
1
1
Outokumpu Copper Strip AB, Finspång
1
1
Pabic Teknoplast AB, Motala
1
Pellets-korgen Valdemarsvik AB, Valdemarsvik
Sludge removal
Keys and locks
1
Odén & Weigel AB, Ljungsbro
Recycle fat
Rocks and stones
1
Nyckelkedjan AB, Norrköping
Junkyard
1
1
Nordhs Borstfabrik AB, Norrköping
Computer firm
1
Plastics
1
1
PELPLAST Utveckling AB, Vadstena
1
Plastema AB, Söderköping
Bio fuel, solid
Plastics
Plastics
1
1
1
1
Water treatment, coatings
Prodema AB, Vadstena
1
Prolup Absorbenter AB, Åtvidaberg
1
1
RaLa AB, Skänninge
Selling equipment for building maintance and toilets
Consulting, environmental etc.(PROLup Absorbenter AB have since November
15, 2004 made over their activities to ATC i Göteborg AB)
1
1
1
1
Recycle paper
1
Hazardous waste, waste transports, recycling of household waste etc.
1
Provide pipes and drains etc
47
Company
Gula
Företagsfakta
Sidorna
Environcert
Krav
Branch
1
Sewage treatment work
1
1
Recycling
1
1
Recycling
1
1
Recycling, hazardoys waste, decontaminate industrial waste
1
Krav branded food
1
Env driven
1
1
Saab Bofors Underwater Systems AB, Motala
1
Saltängens Mekaniska Verkstad AB, Norrköping
1
Development and production of underwater systems
Sanero AB, Norrköping
1
1
Sludge removal
1
1
Dredging
1
Metal recycling
SAPA Heat Transfer AB, Finspång
1
Sapa Industriservice AB, inspång
1
Provide services in the industrial sector
1
Scan Drill KB, Åby
1
Consultants, waste treatment from industries
Scandic Norrköping C, Norrköping
1
Hotel
Scandic Norrköping N, Norrköping
1
Hotel
Service & Entreprenadkontoret, Mjölby
1
Servum AB, Norrköping
1
Municipal activity
Cleaning
SHC Byggservice AB, Norrköping
1
Construction
SHC-Håltagning, Norrköping
1
Construction
Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB, Finspång
1
Manufacture turbines
1
1
Waste. Recycling of household waste, sludge removal, decontamination
1
1
Dredging
1
1
Junkyard
1
1
Junkyard
1
1
Junkyard
1
1
Junkyard
1
1
1
Sliptjänst Bo Henrysson AB, Norrköping
1
1
SMHI, Norrköping
1
Smurfit Munksjö Packaging AB, Norrköping
1
Sodexho AB, Norrköping
1
Grinding service
1
Junkyard
1
Weather service
Manufacture cardboard boxes
Service provider
Sofielunds Träprodukter AB, Boxholm
1
Construction products
Specialverktyg i Norrköping AB, Norrköping
1
Manufacture cutting tools
48
Company
Gula
Företagsfakta
Sidorna
1
1
Environcert
Krav
1
SP-Skadeservice S Persson AB, Vikingstad
1
1
Env driven
1
Sludge removal
1
Sludge removal
Moist decontamination
1
1
Stans-Form AB, Norrköping
Branch
Sludge removal
Manufacture punches for the packaging industry
1
1
1
1
Metal recycling
1
1
1
Metal recycling
1
Metal recycling
1
Paper recycling
1
Energy efficiency
1
1
1
Stenfors Technics Svante Stenfors, Finspång
1
Metal recycling
Sterisol AB, Vadstena
1
Skin care products
Stokvis Tapes AB, Norrköping
1
Manufacture adhesives
Stroh-Ohlsson Redovisning, Vadstena
1
Bookkeeping
Ståthöga Teknik AB, Norrköping
1
Ståthöga Verkstad AB, Norrköping
1
Sunny miljöservice HB, Norrköping
1
Cleaners
Sunstrip AB, Finspång
1
Sura Magnets AB, Söderköping
1
Magnet systems
Swed Handling AB, Norrköping
Svensk Sjömuddring S S M,
Norrköping
1
Distribute chemicals
1
1
1
1
1
1
Manufacture absorbers for solar collectors
Dredging
1
Refining of food
1
Fat recycling
Sydkraft Vatten AB, Norrköping
1
1
Produce and distribute drinking water, sewage treatment work
Sydkraft Östvärme AB, Norrköping
1
1
Heating, waste treatment, energy production
1
1
Bio fuel solid
1
1
Metal recycling, batteries etc
Söderbergs i Norrköping Bil AB, Norrköping
1
Selling cars
Södra Timber AB, Kinda
1
Saw mill
Tage Rejmes Bil AB
1
Selling cars
Tage Rejmes i Norrköping Bil AB, Norrköping
1
Selling cars
Tage Rejmes Lastvagnar AB, Norrköping
1
Selling trucks
1
49
Company
Gula
Företagsfakta
Sidorna
Environcert
Teknova Byggsystem AB, Vadstena
1
TermoRegulator AB, Motala
1
1
1
Recycling papers
1
Refining of food
1
Excavator
1
TreCé AB, Norrköping
1
TvNo Textilservice AB, Norrköping
1
1
1
Tjällmo Grävmaskiner AB, Tjällmo
1
Branch
Sheet metal
1
1
Env driven
Manufacture construction products
1
Krav
Metal recycling
Office furnishing
Washing service
1
Junkyard
Vadstena Färg AB, Vadstena
1
Paint
Vadstena Industriplast AB, Vadstena
1
Plastics
Vadstena Varmförzinkning AB, Vadstena
1
Plating
Wahlstedts Bil AB, Motala
1
Norrköping
1
1
1
Bio fuel solid
1
1
Sludge removal
1
Selling cars
1
1
Energy efficiency, plumming
1
1
Bio fuel
1
1
Recycling
Voith Fabrics Högsjö AB, Högsjö
1
Machine equipment
Zackrissons Industrivulk AB, Norrköping
1
Straps
Å&R Carton AB, Norrköping
1
1
Packaging company
1
1
ÅPS Combustion AB, Norrköping
1
Junkyard
Manufacture and repair boilers
1
Energy efficiency, plumming
1
1
Tank cleaning
1
1
Sludge removal
1
Östergötlands Högtrycksspolning AB, Norrköping
High pressure scavenging
Österströms Rederi AB, Norrköping
1
Östgöta Bil AB, Motala
1
1
1
Shipping company
Selling cars
1
Bio fuel, equipment
1
Bio fuel, equipment
50
Company
Gula
Företagsfakta
Sidorna
1
1
Östgöta Sanering AB, Norrköping
1
Environcert
Krav
Env driven
Branch
1
Recycling
1
Junkyard
Asbestos, fire decontamination etc.
1
1
Waste and sludge removal
1
1
1
1
1
Östlund AB Ulf, Norsholm
1
1
1
Tank cleaning
51
APPENDIX 3
Interview manual
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
What is your reaction to the quantitative data before you?
Do you think your company belongs to the environmental industry?
Which category or categories do you think your company belongs to?
What kind of services does your company provide?
Who are your customers? Have the customers changed over the past few years?
Does your company witness any form of competition in your service areas in East
Gothia or in the environmental business in general?
7. Does your company co-operate with other companies in East Gothia or in other
regions within Sweden in providing vital services to assist in meeting the demands of
your clients?
8. What are the growth opportunities for your company?
9. What are your opinions on the growth opportunities for the environmental industry in
general?
10. What are the strategies that your company would be willing to adopt in order to
enhance future growth opportunities?
11. Do your company’s services draw international attention? If yes, how does your
services strive in the international market where there is more competition?
12. How do your company’s executives handle the issue of recruitment since there is no
real educational path to being an environmental professional?
13. How does your company assess the professional expertise provided by other
companies outside your service areas?
14. Of what importance is economic downturn to your company?
15. Are there possible effects that regulations and policies would have on your company?
16. Are there opportunities for public organisations (such as central and local
governments, universities etc) to assist in the environmental industry?
17. Do you have other opinions that you wish to add?
Companies interviewed
− Miljöinvest AB
− Joraform AB
− Alltransport AB
− Sunstrip AB
52

size, characteristics and potential of the industrial sector

Transcription

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