July, 2011

Transcription

July, 2011

July, 2011
The National Implementation Plan for the Stockholm Convention was prepared
under the UNDP and the Government of Suriname Project entitled “Initial
Assistance to Enable Suriname to fulfill its obligations under the Stockholm
Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)”, funded by the Global
Environment Facility (GEF).
This is a publication of the Ministry of Labour, Technological Development
and Environment, Paramaribo, Suriname. All rights reserved.
Written by:
Reso Consultants i.o
Lay‐out:
Reso Consultants i.o
Printed by:
K.C.C, Wanica, Suriname
The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not
necessarily represent those of the United Nations, including UNDP, or their
Member States.
July, 2011
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Updated National Chemical Profile Suriname 2011
Introduction to National Chemical Profile
The First National Chemical Profile for Suriname was prepared in May 2006 with financial support
from the European Union and the Government of Suriname as part of the project “National Profile
Preparation, Priority setting and Information Exchange for Sound Chemicals Management.” It was an
opportunity for governmental and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in the country to
become better acquainted with the existing legal and institutional framework for chemicals
management.
The profile’s objective was to provide comprehensive information about the various chemicals used
in Suriname. In May 2007, the Nationale Coördinatie Commissie voor Chemicaliënbeheer (National
Chemical Coordination Committee (NCC)) was established in order to coordinate and implement
national activities regarding the preparation of the National Implementation Plan for the Stockholm
Convention. The development of the chemical profile was one of the national activities within this
project. Currently, the NCC consists of the Ministeries van Arbeid, Technologische Ontwikkeling en
Milieu (Ministry of Labour, Technological Development and Environment (ATM)) , Volksgezondheid
(Public Health (VG)), Landbouw, Veeteelt en Visserij (Agriculture, Animal husbandry and Fisheries
(LVV)), Handel en Industrie (Trade and Industry (HI)), Openbare Werken (Public Works (OW)), Anton
de Kom Universiteit of Suriname (ADEKUvS), Vereniging van Surinaamse Bedrijven (Suriname Trade
and Industry Association (VSB)) and Nationaal Instituut voor Milieu en Ontwikkeling in Suriname
(National Institute for Environment and Development in Suriname (NIMOS)); NIMOS is a technical
working arm of the Ministry of ATM.
As of 2010, the profile was updated and now contains technical data on the import and export of
chemicals in Suriname between the years 2005 and 2009. It also provides basic statistics about the
quantity of said chemicals, priority concerns related to chemicals management, and an overview of
the existing legal and institutional framework – including its weaknesses. The updated profile was
discussed during a stakeholders meeting and workshop, and was approved by the Government of
Suriname in May 2011.
The following National Chemical Profile will provide current information on chemical management in
Suriname. It is expected to function as a key reference document for different stakeholders and
provide guidelines for improved chemical management at both the national and community level. It
will be periodically reviewed and updated in order for it to remain an authoritative national
document.
It is noteworthy that between 2006 and 2010 minimal improvements have been made with regard
to chemicals management. However, recently on February 15, 2011, the Stockholm Convention on
Persistant Organic Pollutants and the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements
of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal, have been approved in De Nationale Assemblée (The
National Assembly (DNA)). The Ministry of ATM is continuing the ratification process.
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Preface
Chemical substances are found in our environment, our food, our clothes, and even our bodies.
Many of these chemical substances are used to improve the quality of our lives, and most of them
are not harmful to the environment or human health. Some chemicals are synthetic, and are used in
every day products - from medicines and computers to fabrics and fuels – while others are not
deliberately fabricated but are by-products of chemical processes. Chemicals are produced, used
and disposed, and through these processes they enter the environment. The impact on the
environment is determined by the amount, type and concentration of the chemical and where it is
released. Some chemicals could be harmful to human health and the environment due to their
persistent characteristics; they can work their way into the food chain and accumulate and remain in
the environment for many years. Others have the potential to cause harm in certain doses, and
should only be used when the risks have been appropriately measured.
This profile is intended to provide for a general overview of the situation concerning chemicals in
Suriname and will be the reference/basis for development of future actions to be taken in Suriname
to minimize the risks associated with the use of chemicals. Counteraction will significantly reduce
future costs of water treatment, clean-up of contaminated sites, and treating illnesses related to
chemical exposure. It will also improve Suriname’s quality of life, and protect its natural resources.
The Ministry of ATM plays a key role in protecting the environment from harmful chemicals; the
Ministry initiated the ratification process of both the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic
Pollutants and the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous
Wastes and their Disposal. Both conventions were approved by the National Assembly (DNA) on
February 15, 2011. In addition, the Environmental Framework Legislation has been prepared and will
be submitted to DNA. While awaiting the adoption of the legislation, Surinamese individuals can
start helping to protect our environment by carefully reading information on product labels and
following the advised application of chemical products. Informed consumers can often find safe
alternatives for many harmful chemicals that are found in products they use. It is also important to
be familiar with municipal waste and recycling options in the country, so that disposal of products
such as batteries and plastics can be conducted in an environmentally sound manner. Through the
publication of this profile we hope that a better national and international understanding of
Suriname’s chemical situation is created, and that with joint forces, we can improve chemicals
management in the country, thereby safeguarding the future for our children.
The Ministry of ATM wishes to express its sincere gratitude and appreciation to all who dedicated
time and contributed to the finalization of this official document.
The Minister of Labour, Technological Development and Environment,
H.E. Ginmardo B. Kromosoeto, BSc.
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Executive Summary
Chemical production, import and export
Suriname’s chemical industry is poorly developed. Most chemicals are used in the agriculture, and
mining sector, the food and pharmaceutical industry and household. The lack of policy and a
regulatory base for chemical management, result in poor data collection. The only substantial data
regards the import and export of chemicals. The data on the imports and exports show an average
increase from 2006-2009. However, it must be stated that the data collection methods used by
different agencies vary and are not always geared to one another. The data on chemical waste are
insufficient. Nonetheless, with the ratification of Basel and Stockholm Conventions, it is expected
that data collection and analysis will have a more technical and scientific nature in the near future.
Priority concerns related to chemical production, import, export and use
The chemical management problems identified in the 2006 National Chemical Profile still persist.
Although awareness has been raised regarding general environmental issues such as biodiversity and
climate change, public, governmental and technical knowledge about chemicals management is still
very limited. Not only the general public, but also within the Government. The priority concerns vary
from minimal or uncontrolled use of chemicals and products to the eventual disposal of those
products disposal. The following distinction can be made between local and international companies
(MNCs) operating in Suriname. The local companies, mainly small ones and medium sized, do not
have proper information on chemical management due to lack of awareness. These companies’
financial limitations, poor legislative framework and weak government control result in inadequate
chemicals management, whereas large-scale international companies have sufficient funding to
keep up with international standards. Government institutions depend mainly on the information
provided by larger international companies. The priority concerns on chemical management can be
divided in two geographical areas:
•
•
The hinterland (interior) of Suriname, where chemicals used in mining operations form a
threat, e.g. sodium hydroxide, mercury and cyanide.
The coastal area, where the agricultural and industrial sectors are threatening the local
ecosystems due to inadequate pesticides use, stock and removal, and excessive use of
mercury and other chemicals.
Legal and institutional infrastructure related to chemicals management
The current legal framework does not sufficiently address all environmental and health concerns
related to chemical management. Basic strategies for the prevention and control of pollution are
lacking. Most of the laws are outdated, however they still offer possibilities for monitoring and
enforcement, and to a certain extent directly or indirectly continue to minimize negative
consequences for human health and environment. The framework legislation on environmental
management is being prepared by the Ministry of ATM.
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Relevant activities of industries, public interest groups and research sector
The activity of industrials, public interest groups and the research sector regarding chemical
management has not developed much since 2006. Still, the major international companies (MNCs) in
the mining and petroleum industry have led the implementation of management systems using the
international standards on chemical management. Only World Wildlife Fund (WWF), an international
environmental Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO), conducted research and capacity building
activities on chemicals management, namely the use of mercury in the small scale gold mining
sector.
Inter-departmental commissions and coordination mechanisms
It is standard governmental procedure to set up inter-departmental commissions to coordinate
activities of a multidisciplinary nature. Currently, there are three (3) commissions that are linked to
chemicals management; namely, the NCC – coordinated by the Ministry of ATM, Monitorings
Commission Rosebel Gold Mines, coordinated by the Ministerie van Natuurlijke Hulpbronnen
(Natural Resources (NH)) and the newly-established Commission for the Structuring of the Gold
Mining Sector, coordinated by the Cabinet of the President. These three commissions will
collaborate closely in the future to achieve greater output regarding the chemical situation.
Data access and use
Currently, ministries and institutions are sharing information and have their own structure for data
collection on the use of chemicals. However, the data collection, processing (digital and printed
data) and sharing is not harmonized and collected by one coordinating institution. Moreover, not all
data is immediately available to the general public. These factors make collecting data difficult and
time consuming
Technical Infrastructure
A 2003 survey conducted by NIMOS showed that the technical infrastructure of laboratories in
Suriname is rather poor. Specific areas for improvement that were identified are: technical support
services for maintenance and calibration of equipment, standards for reference tests, continuous
training of laboratory personnel, safety and waste management and the supply of inputs and
chemicals. Upgraded (certified) laboratories are one of the main conditions for improvement of the
chemicals management structure in the country. International and regional assistance would be
useful in upgrading infrastructure. With the ratification of the Basel and Stockholm Conventions,
Suriname will benefit from international transfer of technology and capacity building.
International Linkages
Suriname is signatory to a number of international conventions and treaties which deal with the
management of chemicals and/or hazardous wastes. The national focal point for these
conventions/treaties is at different ministries and agencies. There are also international
organizations and programs that are connected to some ministries or agencies. However, there are
situations where international organizations, activities and programs require the involvement of
specific ministries and agencies. This will certainly be the case when Suriname upgrades its
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chemicals management structure. Suriname’s collaboration with the specialized UN organizations
has been positive and has resulted in a number of projects. An umbrella organization to coordinate
and oversee all these activities would optimize outputs of the different activities carried out under
these projects.
Awareness/Understanding of workers and the public
Ever since the 2006 development of the first National Chemical Profile, awareness of general
environmental issues has increased. Specific awareness raising on chemical issues has mostly been
conducted in an ad hoc manner (through projects) and for certain groups. Different ministries and
governmental institutions now provide training on the use of pesticides in the agriculture sector, as
well as training to identify and manage Ozone Depleting Substances.
The Ministry of ATM produced a documentary video on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and
published pamphlets to increase awareness among the general public. In addition, workshops
regarding the Management of Obsolete Pesticides, Dioxins and Furans and PCBs were organized for
a selected group of government officials and workers from the public and private sector.
Regarding occupational health and safety aspects, the situation remains the same as it was in 2006.
These aspects are generally addressed by the law and enforced by the government and safety
awareness is often provided through mass media.
Human and financial resources available and needed
Compared to 2006, when the first National Chemical Profile was developed, the financial situation
remains the same. Financial resources are still lacking and Suriname makes use of the international
organizations to strengthen its human and institutional capacity. Capacity building should have a
more structural and sustainable approach.
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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION TO NATIONAL CHEMICAL PROFILE ________________________________________________ 3
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ________________________________________________________________________ 5
CONTENTS __________________________________________________________________________________ 8
LIST OF APPENDICES _________________________________________________________________________ 10
LIST OF TABLES _____________________________________________________________________________ 10
LIST OF FIGURES ____________________________________________________________________________ 11
LIST OF BOXES ______________________________________________________________________________ 11
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS _____________________________________________________________ 12
1.
NATIONAL BACKGROUND INFORMATION __________________________________________________ 15
1.1 PHYSICAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC CONTEXT _________________________________________________________ 15
1.2 POLITICAL AND GEOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE OF THE COUNTRY ____________________________________________ 16
1.3 INDUSTRIAL AND AGRICULTURAL SECTORS AND EMPLOYMENT___________________________________________ 16
2. CHEMICAL PRODUCTION, IMPORT, EXPORT AND USE ___________________________________________ 19
2.1 DEFINITION OF CHEMICALS __________________________________________________________________
2.2 CHEMICAL PRODUCTION, IMPORT AND EXPORT _____________________________________________________
2.3 CHEMICAL USE BY CATEGORIES ________________________________________________________________
2.4 CHEMICAL WASTE _________________________________________________________________________
2.5 COMMENTS/ANALYSIS _____________________________________________________________________
19
19
24
25
28
3 PRIORITY CONCERNS RELATED TO CHEMICAL PRODUCTION, IMPORT, EXPORT AND USE ______________ 30
3.1 PRIORITY CONCERNS RELATED TO CHEMICAL IMPORT, PRODUCTION AND USE ________________________________ 30
3.2 COMMENTS AND ANALYSIS __________________________________________________________________ 36
4 LEGAL INSTRUMENTS AND NON-REGULATORY MECHANISMS FOR MANAGING CHEMICALS ___________ 37
4.1 OVERVIEW OF NATIONAL LEGAL INSTRUMENTS WHICH ADDRESS MANAGEMENT OF CHEMICALS ____________________
4.2 SUMMARY DESCRIPTION KEY LEGAL INSTRUMENTS RELATING TO CHEMICALS _______________________________
4.3 EXISTING LEGISLATION BY USE OF CATEGORY ADDRESSING VARIOUS STAGES OF CHEMICALS FROM PRODUCTION/IMPORT
THROUGH DISPOSAL __________________________________________________________________________
4.4 SUMMARY DESCRIPTION OF KEY APPROACHES AND PROCEDURES FOR CONTROL OF CHEMICALS ____________________
4.5 NON-REGULATORY MECHANISMS FOR MANAGING CHEMICALS __________________________________________
4.6. COMMENTS/ANALYSIS _____________________________________________________________________
37
52
54
54
55
56
5 MINISTRIES, AGENCIES AND OTHER INSTITUTIONS MANAGING CHEMICALS ________________________ 58
5.1
RESPONSIBILITIES OF DIFFERENT GOVERNMENT MINISTRIES, AGENCIES AND OTHER INSTITUTIONS ______________ 58
5.2 DESCRIPTION OF MINISTERIAL AUTHORITIES AND MANDATES ___________________________________________ 61
5.3 COMMENT /ANALYSIS______________________________________________________________________ 68
6. RELEVANT ACTIVITIES OF INDUSTRY, PUBLIC INTEREST GROUPS, AND THE RESEARCH SECTOR. ________ 69
6.1 DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATIONS AND PROGRAMMES ________________________________________________ 69
6.2 SUMMARY OF EXPERTISE AVAILABLE OUTSIDE OF THE GOVERNMENT ______________________________________ 70
6.3 COMMENT / ANALYSIS _____________________________________________________________________ 71
7 INTER-MINISTERIAL COMMISSIONS AND COORDINATING MECHANISMS ___________________________ 72
7.1 DESCRIPTION OF INTER-MINISTERIAL COMMISSIONS AND COORDINATING MECHANISMS _________________________ 72
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7.2 INPUT FROM NON-GOVERNMENTAL BODIES _______________________________________________________
7.3 COMMENT /ANALYSIS______________________________________________________________________
8.1 AVAILABILITY OF DATA FOR NATIONAL CHEMICALS MANAGEMENT ________________________________________
8.2 LOCATION OF NATIONAL DATA ________________________________________________________________
8.3 PROCEDURES FOR COLLECTING AND DISSEMINATION OF NATIONAL DATA ___________________________________
8.4 AVAILABILITY OF INTERNATIONAL LITERATURE ______________________________________________________
8.5 NATIONAL INFORMATION EXCHANGE SYSTEMS _____________________________________________________
8.6 COMMENTS / ANALYSIS ____________________________________________________________________
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
9. LABORATORIES ___________________________________________________________________________ 84
9.1 OVERVIEW OF LABORATORY INFRASTRUCTURE _____________________________________________________
9.2 OVERVIEW OF GOVERNMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS/COMPUTER CAPABILITIES ______________________________
9.3 OVERVIEW OF TECHNICAL TRAINING AND EDUCATION PROGRAMS ________________________________________
9.4 COMMENT / ANALYSIS _____________________________________________________________________
84
84
86
86
10. INTERNATIONAL LINKAGES ________________________________________________________________ 87
10.1 CO-OPERATION AND INVOLVEMENT WITH INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, BODIES AND AGREEMENTS _____________ 87
10.2 COMMENT / ANALYSIS ____________________________________________________________________ 92
11. AWARENESS/UNDERSTANDING OF WORKERS AND THE PUBLIC _________________________________ 93
11.1 WORKING ENVIRONMENT __________________________________________________________________ 93
11.2 AWARENESS AND EDUCATION _______________________________________________________________ 93
11.3 COMMENT/ ANALYSIS_____________________________________________________________________ 93
12. RESOURCES AVAILABLE AND NEEDED FOR CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT ____________________________ 94
12. 1 RESOURCES AVAILABLE AND NEEDED IN GOVERNMENT MINISTRIES AND INSTITUTIONS_________________________ 94
12.2 RESOURCES NEEDED BY THE GOVERNMENT INSTITUTION _____________________________________________ 95
12.3 COMMENT/ANALYSIS _____________________________________________________________________ 96
APPENDICES ________________________________________________________________________________ 97
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List of appendices
Annex 1
Annex 2
Annex 3
Annex 4
Data on GDP, jobs and exports respectively by sector and major categories
Overview of data on the import and export of chemicals and pesticides
Contact information of the GoS and relevant organizations
Problems and priority of concerns
98
100
118
121
List of tables
Table 1.1
Table 1.2
Table 2.1
Table 2.2
Table 2.3
Table 2.4:
Table 2.5:
Table 3.1.
Table 3.2
Table 3.3.
Table 3.4.
Table 3.5
Table 4.1
Table 4.2
Table 4.3
Table 5.1
Table 5.2
Table 5.3
Table 5.4
Table 5.5
Table 5.6
Table 6.1
Table 6.2
Table 8.1
Table 8.2
Table 8.3
Table 9.1
Table 9.2
Table 10.1
Table 10.2
Table 12.1
Table 12.2
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GDP of economic activities at current prices
Overview of the Industrial and Agricultural Sectors 2002 - 2006
Production and export of bauxite and alumina
Mercury export data from Suralco
Number of licenses issued
Amount of waste disposed off in m3, 2007-2009
Emissions of the Mining Sector, 2004-2009 (in metric ton)
General description of the status of the different stages of the chemical life at
the country level
Description of asbestos handling at country level regarding asbestos
Description of the problem area – Mercury use in small to middle scale artisanal
gold mining
Description of problem area- Pesticides
Number of Environmental Advices with regard to licenses issued by Districts
Commissioner and Ministries, 2006-2009
Existing Legal Instruments to Address Management of Chemicals
Additional Details on Legal Instruments Relating to Chemicals
Overview Legal Instruments to Manage Chemicals by Use Category
Responsibilities of Government Ministries, Agencies, Other Institutions
Responsibilities of Government Ministries, Agencies: Pesticides
Responsibilities of Government Ministries, Agencies: Petroleum Products
Responsibilities of Government Ministries, Agencies: Petroleum Products
Responsibilities of Government Ministries, Agencies: Consumer Chemicals
Summary of the responsibilities and roles of the ministries
Activities of relevant NGO’s and relevant institutions regarding chemical
management
Summary of Expertise Available Outside of Government
Overview of the quantity and quality of data is available for different decisionmaking activities required under the legal instruments.
Nature of the national data related to chemicals management
Location of literature related to chemicals management
Current information of certain laboratories
Overview of institutions provided expertise in chemical management
Membership International Organizations, Programmes and Bodies
Participation International Agreements/Procedures Related to Chemicals
management
Human resources available at ministries
Resources needed by the government institutions to fulfil responsibilities to
chemical management.
17
18
24
24
24
27
28
30
31
31
32
35
38
52
54
58
59
60
60
61
62
69
70
78
79
82
85
86
87
88
94
95
List of figures
Figure 1.1
Figure 1.2
Figure 2.1
Figure 2.2
Figure 2.3
Figure 2.4
Map of South America with Suriname highlighted
Map of Suriname & its 10 districts
Imports and exports of pesticides and fertilizers from 2005 – 2009
Imports and exports of petroleum products from 2005 – 2009
Import products 2826 -2842 between 2005 – 2009
Import products 2814 -2825 between 2005 – 2009
15
16
22
22
23
23
List of boxes
Box1. Population Density in the urban and rural areas as well as the interior of Suriname
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15
Acronyms and abbreviations
Abbreviation
ATM
Dutch name
Ministerie van Arbeid,Technologische
Ontwikkeling en Milieu
English translation
Ministry of Labour, Technological
Development and Environment
ABS
Stichting Algemeen Bureau voor
Statistieken in Suriname
General Bureau of Statistics
ACTO
ADEKUvS
Amazon Cooperation Treaty
Organization
Anton de Kom University of Suriname
AI
Anton de Kom Universiteit van
Suriname
Arbeidsinspectie
BIZA
Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken
Ministry of Internal Affairs
BIS
Bauxiet Instituut Suriname
Bauxite Institute of Suriname
BSc
Labour Inspection
Bachelor of Science
BUZA
Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
BOG
Bureau voor Openbare Gezondheid
Bureau for Public Health
CARICOM
Caribbean Community
CASAS
Civil Aviation Safety Authority
Suriname
CED
Common Entry Document
CFC
Chloorfluorkoolstof
Chlorofluorcarbon
DC
Districtscommissaris
District Commissioner
EMS
Milieuzorgsysteem
Environmental
Management System
FAO
Food and Agriculture Organization
FIN
Ministerie van Financiën
Ministry of Finance
G.B
Gouvernements Blad
Government Gazette (before 1975)
GDP
Gross domestic product
GEF
Global Environmental Facility
GMD
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Geologische Mijnbouwkundige
Dienst
Geological Mining Department
GoS
De Overheid van Suriname
Government of Suriname
HI
Ministerie van Handel en Industrie
Ministry of Trade and Industry
HCFC
Chloorfluorkoolwaterstoffen
Hydrochlorofluorcarbon
HS
Harmonized Commodity Description
and Coding System
Air Transport Association
IATA
IFCS
Inter Governmental Forum on
Chemical Safety
IDB
Inter American Development Bank
ILO
International Labour Organization
IPCS
International
Programme
Chemical Safety
IRPTC
International Register of Potentially
Toxic Chemicals
ISO
Internationale Standaarden
Organisatie
International Organization for
Standardization
JusPol
Ministerie van Justitie en Politie
Ministry of Justice and Police
KPS
Korps Politie Suriname
Police Corps Suriname
KBS
Korps Brandweer Suriname
Fire Brigade Corps Suriname
LVV
Ministerie van Landbouw, Veeteelt
en Visserij
Ministry of Agriculture, Animal
Husbandry and Fisheries
MAS
Maritieme Autoriteit Suriname
Maritime Authority Suriname
MSc
on
Master of Science
NCCR
Nationale Coördinatie Commissie
Rampenbeheersing
National Coordination Committee for
Disaster Management
NIMOS
Nationaal Instituut voor Milieu en
Ontwikkeling in Suriname
National Institute for Environment
and Development in Suriname
NVEBS
NV Energiebedrijven Suriname
Energy Company Suriname
NVHB
NV Havenbeheer
Port Management
ODS
Ozonlaagafbrekende stoffen
Ozone Depleting Substances
OW
Ministerie van Openbare Werken
Ministry of Public Works
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PCB
Polychlorinated biphenyl
PCT
Polychlorinated terphenyl
RO
Ministerie van Regionale
Ontwikkeling
Ministry of Regional Development
S.B
Staatsbesluit
Government Gazette (post-1975)
SRD
Surinaamse Dollar
Surinamese Dollar
Teu
Twenty-foot equivalent unit
TCT
Ministerie van Transport,
Communicatie en Toerisme
Ministry of Transport,
Communication and Tourism
UNEP
Verenigde Naties Milieu Programma
United Nations Environment
Programme
UNIDO
Verenigde Naties voor Industriële
Ontwikkeling
United Nations Industrial
Development Organization
VG
Ministerie van Volksgezondheid
Ministry of Public Health
WWF
Wereld Natuur Fonds
World Wildlife Fund
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1. National background information
1.1 Physical and demographic context
0
0
The Republic of Suriname is situated between 2-6 N and 54-58 W on
the northern part of South America. Suriname borders the Atlantic
Ocean in the north, Brazil in the south, Guyana in the west and the
French Department of La Guyane (also named French Guiana) in the
east. The total area of Suriname is 163,820 km2, and consists of a
swampy coastal plain, a central plateau region containing broad
savannahs and swamp forest, and to the south a highland region densely
forested with tropical vegetation. The country has a typical tropical
0
climate, a mean daily temperature of about 27 C and an annual average
rainfall varying from 1900 mm along the coast to 2700 mm in the center
of the country. There are two wet seasons from April to August and from
November to February, as well as two dry seasons from August
to November and February to April.
Figure 1.1 Suriname in Latin America
Suriname has a small, culturally diverse population
Population density in the urban areas 1
of 492.829 (ABS, 2005). This comes to an average Paramaribo: 1,327.6; Wanica: 194.1
of approximately 3.1 inhabitants per km². In the
Caribbean context this figure is relatively low, since Population density in the rural areas
Nickerie: 6.8; Coronie: 0.7; Saramacca: 4.4; Commewijne:
the average population density in the Caribbean is
10.5; Para: 3.5
182 inhabitants per km² (ABS, 2010). The average
density does not reflect the spatial distribution of Population density in the interior
the population in Suriname. The average age is Marowijne: 3.6; Brokopondo: 1.9; Sipaliwini: 0.3
Box 1.1 Population Density in the urban- and rural areas as
26.5 years while 292,089 people are in the age
2
well as the interior of Suriname
group of 15-59 (2004) . Approximately
90% of the population lives along the coast of Suriname.
Suriname’s population is characterized by ethnic diversity: Hindustani, 27.4%; Creoles, 17.7%;
Maroons, 14.7%; Javanese, 14.6%; Mixed, 12.5%; Others (Chinese, Indigenous peoples, Lebanese,
European, etc) 6.5%; Not reported, 6.6%.
The birth rate per 1,000 inhabitants in 2003 was 20.243 and the life expectancy in 2002 was 71.1
years at birth4.
Dutch is the official language but more than 16 other languages are spoken. The national lingua
franca is Sranan Tongo. Suriname has a literacy rate of 89.6%5.
1
2
3
4
5
Suriname Census 2004 Vol. 1, ABS 213-2005/02
Suriname Census 2004 Vol. 2, General Bureau of Statistics
ABS Data of 2003
PAHO Health Data
www.indexmundi.com/g/g.aspx?c=ns&v=39
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Figure 1.2 Map of Suriname & its 10 districts
1.2 Political and geographic structure of the country
The Republic of Suriname formally obtained full independence on November 25th, 1975 and is a
constitutional democracy based on its 1987 constitution. The government is made up of the
president and the ministers. The president is elected by the Parliament for a 5-year term and can be
re-elected. The president is the chief of state and it is his/her duty to ensure compliance with the
constitution. Legislative power is exercised jointly by the government and Parliament. The legislative
branch of government consists of a 51-member unicameral national assembly, the members of
which are simultaneously elected by popular vote for a 5-year term. The last election was held in
May 2010.
1.3 Industrial and agricultural sectors and employment
Manufacturing, mining and quarrying, wholesale and retail trade, and renting and business activities,
are contributors to Suriname’s GDP. The largest contributor is the manufacturing sector: specifically
bauxite processing and crude oil refining (ABS, 2010).
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Table 1.1 GDP of economic activities at current prices
Industries of origin
GDP of activities in 2009 (in 1000 SRD)
Manufacturing
1,532,061
Mining and quarrying
939,205
Wholesale and retail
776,163
Agriculture, animal husbandry and forestry
375,211
Construction
336,177
Electricity, gas and water
309,193
Source: ABS, 2010
The following tables represent the private sectors in relation to the GDP, employment statistics and
exports. The data is obtained from the Suriname Country Report of May 2008 prepared by the
International Monetary Fund (IMF). Annex 1 gives an overview of other sectors. However, no current
data is available.
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Table 1.2 Overview of the Industrial and Agricultural Sectors 2002 - 2006
Contribution to Gross Numberr of employees
Domestic Product ( in 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005,
annual % change ) 2002, 2006
2003, 2004, 2005, 2006
Manufacturing
-3.5
7729
5.5
7625
10.7
7648
6.6
7583
3.1
7799
Mining and Extraction
-8.1
-0.1
28.9
16.5
11.0
Agricultural, hunting and -9.7
forestry
5.2
5.3
-2.5
3.5
Fishery
9.6
0.8
-7.9
-20.0
1.2
Agricultural, livestock and
fisheries
Health and social work
-2.3
-0.7
-3.3
6.9
-3.2
5.4
3.7
9.6
-1.2
0.7
Informal Sector
Community, social
personal services
and
2293
2513
2992
3144
3302
NA
Major Products In
Each Sector
Food industry,
textiles and clothing
goods, wood -,
plastic-, paper
products, metal
works, other
manufacturing
Alumina, crude oil,
gold
Rice, vegetables,
fruits, flowers ,
lumber
NA
Shrimp, fish.
9386
9634
10865
10865
11191
NA
NA
NA
NA
3933
3950
4111
4136
4293
NA
NA
Source: IMF Suriname Country Report of May 2008; Suriname authorities, ABS, and IM staff estimates.
18 |
2. Chemical Production, Import, Export and Use
2.1 Definition of chemicals
A chemical compound is a pure substance consisting of two or more different chemical elements
that can be separated into simpler substances by chemical reactions. Chemical compounds have a
unique and defined structure; they consist of a fixed ratio of atoms that are held together in a
defined spatial arrangement by chemical bonds.
Organic chemicals are carbon-based compounds, hydrocarbons, and their derivatives. These
compounds may contain any number of other elements, including hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and
halogens, as well as phosphorus, silicon and sulfur. Organic compounds are structurally diverse. The
range of application of organic compounds is enormous. They either form the basis of or are
important constituents of many products including plastics, drugs, petrochemicals, food, explosives,
paints etc. They also form the basis of all earthly life processes (with very few exceptions).
Inorganic chemicals include elements and substances which does not contain carbon. A few carboncontaining chemicals are, however, considered inorganic (carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbon
sulfide, carbonates, carbonic acid, carbides and the ionic cyanides and isothiocyanides).
The main classes of inorganic chemicals are:
- Metals and metalloids (more than 80% of the periodic table)
- Alloys (e.g. brass, bronze, steel)
- Salts (e.g. sodium chloride, the oxides)
- Non metallic compounds (e.g. nitrogen, oxygen, water, carbon dioxide)
- Metal complexes (e.g. metal carbonyls; metal cyanide complexes)
- Clusters
The distinction between organic and inorganic chemicals is far from absolute, and there is much
overlap, especially in the sub-discipline of organometallic chemistry.
Within this report the above definitions for organic and inorganic chemicals will be used.
2.2 Chemical production, import and export
Chemicals management involves a range of responsibilities at different levels within the
government. Data on chemicals management are often distributed on a wide scale of
(governmental) institutions, organizations and companies. Data on chemicals management are not
immediately available and often permission must be obtained to access these data. At present, there
is still no single coordinated (governmental) organization where information on chemical
management is collected and analyzed. Important governmental institutes that have data on
chemical management are the Ministry of ATM; the Ministry of Finance; the Ministry of HI; Ministry
of LVV and Ministry of VG.
Chemicals are imported and exported through international ports. These ports are owned by the
government – except for the Paranam port, which is owned by the Suriname Aluminium Company
(Suralco). Descriptions of these ports are given in the following sentences:
1. The largest port is the ‘Nieuwe Haven’ in Paramaribo owned by NV Havenbeheer Suriname
(NVHB), which is a government entity. This port handles about 90% of all general import and
19 |
export cargo. From 2000 to 2008, container traffic grew from 19,000 twenty-foot equivalent
units (teu) to 56,000 teu. All imported inputs for the bauxite sector, with the exception of
cement and wheat, are cleared at port. At present, the port is undergoing rehabilitation and
expansion and also tries to meet international standards such as ISO 9001 and 14001. NVHB
already meets the standards of the International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code. A
non-intrusive X-ray container scanning system and a parcel scanner have been installed At this
port in order to inspect imported containers. A decision has yet to be taken by the government,
which will formally manage the non intrusive X-ray scanner6 .
2. The second largest port, which is also owned by NVHB, is the ‘Algemene Haven van Nieuw
Nickerie’ in the district Nickerie. The port at Nieuw Nickerie is used for the shipment of rice,
bananas and transit trade with Guyana. At present, this port is also being expanded and
modernized.
3. The Paranam Port, located 42 nautical miles up the Suriname River, is owned and operated by
Suralco – a bauxite mining company – and is mainly used for the import of bauxite and the
export of alumina.
4. The Johan Adolf Pengel International Airport at Zanderij in district Para is approximately 45 km
from the capital. The airport is operated by Airport Management, Ltd. (NV Luchthavenbeheer),
which is a government-owned entity.
5. The ‘Zorg en Hoop’ International Airport in Paramaribo is also operated by Airport Management,
Ltd. (NV Luchthavenbeheer). It facilitates flights from the interior, Georgetown and Cayenne.
It must be taken into consideration that Suriname borders Guyana and French Guiana with the
Corantijn River and Marowijne River, respectively, as natural divides; various ferries cross these
rivers and are not often controlled due to lack of capacity. The southern border is difficult to access
and no monitoring of trade activities takes place.
The Ministry of HI is the official focal point of all international trade agreements and is responsible
for all the necessary steps to be taken regarding the transport of goods. To complete these steps the
Ministry of HI is collaborating with the Ministry of LVV, VG and TCT. Moreover the Ministry of HI also
communicates with the private sector, primarily through network meetings and inter-ministerial
commissions. There is as yet no formal inter-departmental platform for discussions about relevant
issues. A functional platform exists, Suriname Business Forum (SBF), where all problems related to
the private sector can be discussed, but there is no platform specifically geared towards trade1 .
The Ministry of Finance is mainly responsible for monitoring compliance with rules and regulations
regarding the international movement of goods (import, export and transit) and supervises the
correct levy of duties and other charges; duty taxes are an important source of income for the
6
San A Jong, I; 2010; Improving the trade facilitation environment in Suriname.; Project on capacity building
of members of the Suriname Business Forum in the framework of the public private partnership support to the domestic
private sector project: 09 acpsur 007.
20 |
government. On 22 December 2008, by Order of the Minister of Finance, the Common Entry
Document (CED) officially migrated from the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System
(HS) of 1992 tariff nomenclature – which was enacted in 1996 (HS1992) – to the new HS2007/CET
system. All tariff lines have since been translated into Dutch and inputed into the ASYCUDA system;
other levies linked with international trade, such as the revenue tax, have also been integrated into
the ASYCUDA system. Still, some HS tariff line codes have been given another location in the system
due to interpretation issues, and thus deviate in a number of instances from the HS2007 system
approved by the WCO1, and used in the CARICOM. Previous experience with the HS2007 system has
shown that import and export data are not synchronized – which leads to large differences between
the data. In order to improve this synchronization weakness, HS2007 will be transformed into HS
World, which means that the system will be open to all relevant (governmental) institutions that can
add or create modules, for example, on specific issues such as mercury, pesticides and cyanide.7
All imported and exported chemicals from 2005 to 2009 are listed in annex 2. These data are
obtained from Customs and follow the Caricom External Tariff List. NIMOS, the Ministry of LVV and
the Ministry of VG also maintain an inventory of the import and export of ozone-depleting
substances, imported pesticides and imported pharmaceuticals. The data on pesticides are
presented in annex 3 and is divided into the following groups of pesticides:
• Insecticides
• Household insecticides
• Herbicides
• Molluscides
• Rodenticides
• Fungicides
The import and export data from annex 2 are presented in the following figures 2.1 till 2.3. Figure 2.1
shows an overview of imports and exports of pesticides and fertilizers, including an increase in
transport of both substances. However, it must be mentioned that this increase must not be taken
seriously or be associated with other factors. It is important to double check the imports of
pesticides with the permits of imports that were approved by the Ministry of LVV.8 Figure 2.2 gives
an overview of the imports of products with HS code 27.10 (petroleum oils and non-crude oils
obtained from bituminous minerals, and preparations not elsewhere specified or included,
containing by weight 70% or more of petroleum oils or of bituminous mineral oils – these oils being
the basic constituents of the preparations as well as exports of products with HS code 27.09
(petroleum oils and crude oils obtained from bituminous minerals). An increase in exports of
products with HS code 27.10 is evident in 2008, while the import fluctuates between 200,000 –
300,000.103. There is no solid explanation for these trends, yet it can be assumed that in 2008 an
increase in development, such as infrastructural change, took place in Suriname.
7
C.Resomardono, 2011; ‘An interview with M.Karsoredjo, Head of ASYCUDA Suriname’; Ministry of Finance, Customs.
C.Resomardono, 2011; ‘An interview with A.van Sauers –Muller’, Head Pesticides Division’; Ministry of LVV, Pesticides
Department.
8
21 |
Figure 2.1. Imports and exports of pesticides and fertilizers from 2005 - 20099
10⁶ kg
Imports and exports of pesticides and fertilizers from 20052009
60.00
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
-
Pesticides_export
Fertilizers_export
Pesticides_import
Fertilizers_import
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Pesticides_export 115,54
110,56
172,76
202,97
148,50
Fertilizers_export 195,92
42,725
1,135.
1,285,
750.00
Pesticides_import 1,769,
1,831,
1,970,
41,402
3,845,
Fertilizers_import 12,137
18,740
15,271
48,565
770,24
Linear
(Fertilizers_import)
Year
Figure 2.2. Imports and exports of petroleum products from 2005 – 2009
Imports and exports of petroleum products from 2005 - 2010
Figure
500,000.00
10 ³ kg
450,000.00
400,000.00
350,000.00
300,000.00
250,000.00
Petroleum products_export
2709
200,000.00
150,000.00
Petroleum
products_export2710
100,000.00
Petroleum
products_import2710
50,000.00
Petroleum products_export 2709
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
4.26
17,477.3
0.81
0.29
0.03
Year
Petroleum products_export2710 329,550. 276,781. 282,102. 459,669. 298,077.
Petroleum products_import2710 280,579. 267,291. 215,688. 229,066. 260,822.
9
The peaks in 2008 for both fertilizer and pesticide import is unaccountable. According to the Head of the
Pesticides Department of the Ministry of LVV, there has not been an increase in cultivation in 2008. There is
most likely human error in the calculation.
22 |
Figure 2.3 Import products 2826 -2842 between 2005 – 2009
10 6 kg
2826-2842 (cyanide and other chemicals)
9.00
8.00
7.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
2826-2842 import
2005
2006
2826-2842 import 4,886,358.6 6,268,646.
2007
2008
2009
6,203,667.
5,709,655.
8,055,417.
Year
Figure 2.3 gives an overview of the import of chemicals with the HS code 2826-2842; cyanides,
cyanide oxides and complex cyanides are the most important chemicals in the list. Cyanide is used by
the gold mining company Iamgold. The increase in imports of cyanide can be related to the
simultaneous increase of gold production. This data could provide an overview of waste water being
produced at the production process.
Figure 2.4 Import products 2814 -2825 between 2005 – 2009
2814-2825 export
4.00
106 kg
106 kg
2814-2825 import
3.00
2.00
1.00
2005
2006
2007
2008
Year
2814-2825 import
2009
2,500.00
2,000.00
1,500.00
1,000.00
500.00
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Year
2814-2825 export
Figure 2.4 gives an overview of the import and export of products with the HS code 2826-2842.
Important chemicals involved are sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) and aluminium oxide. It appears
that the import of sodium hydroxide fluctuates over the years. The post-2007 increase could be
explained by the increase of industries that use sodium hydroxide in their production processes –
such as in the bauxite industry, as well as the soap and detergent companies. The export of
aluminium oxide, a product derived from the processing of bauxite, shows a stable line but a
decrease in 2009. The influences of external and internal factors of the developments in the bauxite
industries are technical problems; moreover, low quality bauxite ore also led to a decrease in
production. In addition, in 2005, some mining areas were flooded – which lead to the increased
23 |
import of bauxite, and the global economic crisis in 2009 led to the implementation of operational
savings measures. Table 2.1 and 2.2 present the production of bauxite and the export of mercury – a
byproduct of the bauxite refinery of the alumina production process.
Table 2.1 Production and export of bauxite and alumina
2005
Production in x million
mt
Bauxite-production
4,7
Alumina-production
1,9
Alumina-export
1,9
2006
2007
2008
2009
4,9
2,2
2,1
5,2
2,2
2,2
5,3
2,2
2,2
3,4
1,5
1,5
Source: Bauxiet Instituut Suriname (Bauxite Institute Suriname (BIS))
Table 2.2 Mercury export data from Suralco
Date
15 january 2003
14 january 2004
9 february 2011
Amount
319.5 kg
360.0 kg
1468.8 kg
Export to Country
The Netherlands
The Netherlands
USA
Source: BIS
Annex 2. Gives an overview of data on the import and export of other chemicals.
The import of pharmaceuticals from the commercial sector is controlled by the Pharmaceutical
Inspection of the Ministry of VG. The pharmaceutical inspector is responsible for controlling
import/export licenses, monitoring the distribution and registering the quantities of pharmaceutical
products sold. Also, a system to compile information on regulatory activities was established and
provides the following information, which is listed in table 2.3. Table 2.3 gives an overview of the
number of importers and manufacturers in 2006.
Table 2.3 Number of licenses issued
Number of licenses 2004
issued to
Importers
Manufacturer
-
2005
2006
-
20
1
10
Source: OAS 2006.Evaluation progress in drug control 2005 – 2006 Suriname
Up to today, Suriname does not possess an automated information management system to facilitate
the control of pharmaceutical products, or a specific mechanism to prevent and control the illegal
trade of pharmaceutical products and other drugs through the internet.
2.3 Chemical use by categories
There is a broad spectrum of products manufactured using chemicals which can be divided into the
following important categories: alumina, petrochemicals, paint, soap and detergents containing
caustic soda, cosmetics, food, beverages and pharmaceuticals. However, data on chemical use for
10
http://www.cicad.oas.org/mem/eng/Reports/Fourth%20Round%20Full/Suriname%20-%20Fourth%20Round%20%20ENG.pdf
24 |
the production of goods is not immediately available at ministries or governmental institutions.
There is no structure to obtain data from companies regarding the quantity of chemicals use for the
production of goods. Therefore no data can be published regarding the use of chemicals. Available
import data of chemicals are often used to have an idea of their uses in the production of goods.
Regarding pharmaceutical products, Bedrijf Geneesmiddelen Voorziening Suriname (Drug Supply
Company Suriname) is tasked with procuring, storing and distributing essential health commodities
in Suriname, i.e. medicines, pharmaceutical raw materials, medical and laboratory supplies. No data
on use of pharmaceutical raw materials and medicine is immediately available.
Comment
The data collected by the Custom Department on imports are classified in group codes based on the
CARICOM External Tariff Lists which came into force in January 1st, 2009. These codes are based on
the harmonized system which describes and encodes each group of products and goods. Each code
is further divided into the different goods codes with a description of the goods contained. Table 2A
presents the goods codes corresponding with import duties. For the description of imported and
exported goods, HS codes were used, emphasizing the categorization by chemical type (annex 2). In
case the description was not conclusive it was also categorized under other use.
During the interpretation of the data it was noticed that for some chemicals of interest, e.g. metallic
mercury, the data were not specifically mentioned. However, mercury and amalgam are included in
the tariff lists (annex 2) but it is not known if mercury is imported. No specific data on formulation
and packaging could be found, yet, data on packaging regarding the export of mercury is known. In
February 2011, Suralco exported 1468.8 kg of mercury in wooden crates to the USA (44cm (L) *
44cm (W) * 32 cm (H). Each crate contained nine samples of different 3-litre bottles. The bottles
were designed to transport mercury waste in a safe manner.11 Data on chemical use by category are
not available. Therefore, an estimate of chemicals use by category per year is made based on import
data. In general, it is carefully concluded that the chemicals import reflects the increased economic
activities in the country since 2005 with a peak in 2008.
With regard to pharmaceutical products it is important to note that research and training activities
related to the prevention and control of illegal trade of pharmaceutical products and other drugs is
necessary. Many of these products can be traded through the internet. With the aforementioned
training in place, Suriname will be able to identify the regulatory and operative needs such as the
establishment of an automated information management system to facilitate the control of
pharmaceutical products – which will improve the data collection as well.
2.4 Chemical waste
Chemical waste generation depends on various factors, such as quantity and composition of the raw
material, production processes, and treatment. At the moment no chemical waste inventory and
data are available. Generally, multinational and large scale companies as well as some medium scale
companies do have data on chemical waste including the type and quantity of waste. Often when
11
Information is obtained from the Bauxite Institute of Suriname.
25 |
chemical waste cannot be destroyed, companies collect and store their chemical waste. It is
unknown at which stage these chemicals are, and if they comply with proper storage guidelines.
Most companies hire a waste disposal service company to collect and destroy or dump chemical
waste. These waste collection and destruction companies usually receive a permit from the Ministry
of OW to collect and dump chemical waste at the public landfill owned by the government. It must
be noted that the public landfill is designed solely for household waste. Currently, there are no other
proposed landfills for coarse chemical waste. Therefore, the public landfill is being redesigned to
control the disposal of coarse waste. Also some companies adjacent to a river or channel are
accustomed to discharge (chemical) wastewater into the waterways. Multinational companies,
though, follow international water quality standards for discharging waste water into water streams.
The monitoring of chemical waste management in Suriname is low due to lack of capacity, logistics,
monitoring equipment and updated regulations. It is unclear which (governmental) institution
should monitor chemical waste management. Presently the following (governmental) institutions
have relevant tasks regarding chemical waste:
1. The Ministry of ATM is responsible for the coordination of environmental policy regarding
waste management, including chemical waste
2. The Ministry of LVV manages the use, handling and disposal of pesticides
3. The Ministry of OW is responsible for the collection, disposal and processing of waste for
Paramaribo and district Wanica
4. The Ministry of RO has the responsibility for the collection, disposal and processing of waste
in the other districts
5. The Ministry of Defense and NCCR monitors and assesses social development to identify
crises, specifically chemical-caused disasters
6. The Ministry of VG accounts for the waste management of, specifically, food (additives),
pharmaceuticals, and clinic and industrial waste;
At present, there is no national chemical waste management plan. It is also unknown exactly how
many household waste collection and destruction companies exist in Suriname. Regarding the waste
landfills, there is one public landfill which is a government-owned entity. The landfill is located in
district Wanica, and consists of approximately 20 hectares of land area with a lifetime of 20 – 25
years. Since 2002, the public landfill has been in a state of rehabilitation to be transformed into a
controlled landfill that can accommodate the collection of chemical waste. The public landfill collects
waste from Paramaribo and the district Wanica. The waste collection in other districts is
coordinated by the District Commissioner (DC), who assigns a public landfill for each respective
district; however, due to lack of capacity, such assignment is not controlled on a regular basis. The
amount of waste disposed in the public landfill is shown in table 2.3. The figures on waste amounts
show that in general, the amount of disposed waste has decreased; conversely, the amounts of
hazardous waste materials have increased. Since the municipal garbage landfill can be considered an
open dump, it poses various risks for the soil, groundwater and neighbouring surface water
contamination as well as air pollution (methane emissions and odour) which can cause health risks.
26 |
Table 2.4: Amount of waste disposed off in m3, 2007-2009
Waste type
2007
2008
Household Waste
151,536
142,596
Agricultural Waste
8,328
6,036
Enterprise Waste12
31,332
30,432
Dangerous Waste Materials
3,888
4,116
Asbestos & glass
228
252
Total
197,319
185,440
2009
145,236
5,160
29,460
4,200
132
186,197
Source: ABS Environmental Statistics 2010; Ministry of OW
There is has been a tendency observed during recent years of waste dumping at private properties
and properties located near to the Suriname River.
Scavengers also assemble at dumpsites to collect waste; they usually collect plastic bottles, iron and aluminum scrap as well as other reusable, useful goods. However, these scavengers also create
fires in the landfill, making emissions a risk for human health. Aluminum, iron and lead scrap are
collected even more due to the rise of companies that collect these wastes for export or produce
goods such as cooking ware.13
Chemical waste from companies is sorted into solid waste, waste water and emissions, depending
on the processes used in order to develop their products. Multinational companies have a (chemical)
waste management system where specification of waste handling is described, and needs to be in
compliance with international standards, such as corporate standards, World Bank standards and
ISO 14001. Most medium and small-scale companies do not have an effective (chemical) waste
management plan due to lack of capacity, national regulations and the fact that waste management
is too costly. The results of these problems are that no data on the types and quantities of chemical
waste as well as the process of destruction is available. Companies that have a waste management
system in place usually focus on:
• Waste collection. Waste is collected but not separated into different types.
• Employee involvement in waste collection; most employees are not aware of the hazardous
character of waste and the importance of personal protective equipment.
• Waste transportation. Private waste collection companies pick up waste for dumping at the
public landfill.
According to the Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), this form of chemical waste is often developed
from chemicals used in the (production) processes. Companies and laboratories that are aware of
the hazardous character of certain chemicals store their chemical waste until there is an opportunity
for disposal.
In Suriname awareness, is lacking regarding emissions from production processes and their possible
effects on the environment and human health. Only multinational companies, which are the
petroleum, bauxite and gold mining companies, collect data regarding emissions due to their
companies’ policies. Table 2.4 presents recorded emissions from the mining sector. Up to now there
is no apparent data on emission-reducing devices.
12
The Ministry of OW did not specify enterprise waste.
NIMOS and other governmental institutions stopped these illegal practices when it was noticed that cooking ware was
produced from aluminum, lead and iron scrap. However, there is no information available about the continuity of these
monitoring activities within the government.
13
27 |
Table 2.5: Emissions of the Mining Sector, 2004-2009 (in metric ton)14
Type
SO2
NOx
Hg
2004
14,560
6,802
1,283
2005
12,739
6,812
1,212
2006
10,801
5,718
1,481
2007
11,807
5,640
1,878
2008
11,449
5,580
1,739
2009
9,911
4,020
1,925
Source: ABS Environmental Statistics 2010; ministry of Natural Resources, Bauxite Institute Suriname and the International
Energy Agency
In 2006 the Ministry of ATM signed a bilateral agreement for a period of two years with the Ministry
of Environment of the Netherlands to facilitate the transboundary transport of polychlorinated
biphenyl (PCB) to the Netherlands for disposal; most of the PCB waste was collected from Suralco
and a small part from the BHP Billiton.
The DNA agreed on 15 February 2011 to ratify the Basel and Stockholm Convention in order to
create a structured base for hazardous waste management. This will be an opportunity for most
companies to export hazardous waste which cannot be destroyed in Suriname. At present, there is
still PCB waste at different sites – one of which is the state owned Energy Company N.V. EBS. These
sites were identified after an inventory of PCBs was compiled by the Ministry of ATM.
Thus, according to the government, environmental legislation is a priority in order to implement and
enforce pollution control; a Bill on Environmental Management has been drafted and contains a
specific chapter on pollution control regulating aspects like environmental norms and standards,
notification of spills or release of contaminants, national register for sources of pollution,
environmental permits and historical pollution. Beside the bill, a number of guidelines have been
drafted which are relevant for chemicals management. These guidelines are:
• Guidelines for conducting Environmental and Social Impact Assessments
• Guidelines for the setup of storage facilities for chemicals
• Guidelines for the setup and use of incinerators for medical waste
• Guidelines for petroleum products including handling, use and storage of petroleum
products
• Guidelines for spraying boots.
2.5 Comments/Analysis
Data on the import and export of chemicals are available at the Ministry of Finance (Customs
Department), the Ministry of LVV, the Ministry of VG and NIMOS. These and other governmental
institutions, such as NIMOS, have specific tasks such as collecting import and export data and
complying with international regulations or commitments. They also collaborate with each other in
order to develop a unified data base. Export data for waste pesticides, and data on the production of
chemical waste are not available. Except for waste pesticides, no inventories of chemical waste
production and handling (by companies) have been compiled by any governmental institution.
14
ABS was not able to provide information whether the information in the table was only from the bauxite sector or all
mining sector. The types (parameters) presume that the tables include figures from the Bauxite Industry
28 |
As mentioned in the previous National Profile of 2006, radioactive material for medical purposes is
used on a small scale. According to J. de Kom15, these sources are contained in a responsible
manner. At present, monitoring equipment with radioactive sources is used in the gold mining and
bauxite mining sector as well as the oil industry. However, no information about the management
and disposal of equipment is available.
Therefore the urgent need for a national chemical management system and national chemical data
bank should be highlighted. The development of a qualified, official national chemical management
office will help to improve and monitor chemical management in Suriname.
15
J. de Kom; National Chemical Profile Suriname; May 2006
29 |
3 Priority concerns related to chemical production, import, export and use
3.1 priority concerns related to chemical import, production and use
In the different stages of chemical life, specifically the import, storage, transport, distribution, use
and disposal, shortcomings have been identified, which are presented in table 3.1. Tables 3.2
through 3.4 list the shortcomings for specific chemicals, asbestos, mercury and pesticides. Table 3.7
details the priority concerns related to chemicals are listed according to the nature of the problem.
Table 3.1. General description of the status of the different stages of the chemical life on a national
scale.
Stage
Awareness
Brief description of the problem
In general, insufficient and lack of awareness on
the environmental, safety and health risks and
impact involved in import, storage, transport,
distribution, use, handling and disposal of
chemicals at different levels in society
Monitoring
No adequate data collection or different facets of
chemical lifecycle for risks management
Enforcement
Outdated and weak national legislation regarding
import, transport, storage, distribution, use,
handling and disposal of chemicals. Weak
infrastructure for enforcement of national legal
instruments.
Transportation
For import and export of chemicals, IATA
guidelines are used and are monitored by CASAS.
Transportation from the harbor to the area of
destination is carried out after receiving advice
and guidelines from NIMOS. This was executed on
an adhoc basis.
Health and safety Inadequate implementation of health and safety
aspect
procedures for the transport, storage, distribution,
use, handling and disposal of chemicals specifically
in production processes (of medium to small
formal and informal enterprises).
Use
Insufficient dissemination of information to
customs, transportation companies, salespersons
and users
Disposal
Weak management of chemical waste.
Uncontrolled disposal of chemical waste and
containers. Uncontrolled release of different types
of industrial waste by medium to small, formal and
informal enterprises. Weak infrastructure and
enforcement of release of different types of
industrial waste by large (multinational)
companies. (Uncontrolled) stockpiles of chemical
waste.
30 |
Chemical(s) or pollutant(s)
All (imported) chemicals
Imported and exported
chemicals
All different types of
chemical waste and
containers
Table 3.2 Description of asbestos handling at country level regarding asbestos
Component
Management
Awareness (risks)
Health and safety aspect
Disposal
Brief description of the problem
Moderate management structure for handling asbestos in place.
However, no monitoring system to contain the problem of asbestos;
Asbestos is an urgent issue among too many governmental
institutions.
No adequate data collection of risk management of chemicals.
Training has been conducted regarding the handling of asbestos.
Training has been conducted regarding environmental, health and
safety procedures for workers involved in handling asbestos,
destroying debris or removing asbestos-containing building materials.
Moderate waste management of asbestos. The Ministry of ATM
issued an asbestos inventory form for proper disposal of asbestos.
There is a form of sanitary landfill and storage of asbestos at the
public landfill.
Table 3.3. Description of the problem area – mercury use in small to middle scale artisanal gold
mining
Nature of problem
Legal status
City/ region
Interior
Paramaribo
Management
Country
Monitoring
Interior
Use
Paramaribo
Interior
31 |
Brief description of problem
The illegal status of the miners in the interior
makes it almost impossible to manage the
problem adequately. Recently, the Cabinet of
the President installed the Commission for
the Structuring of the Gold Mining Sector in
order to organize and legalize the informal
gold mining sector. The tasks of this
commission are described in chapter 7.
The DC grants permit to gold and jewellery
shops. The DC is not obliged to ask advice
from other governmental institutions dealing
with chemical management. Therefore, there
is a lack of data regarding the management,
use, handling and disposal of mercury and
other chemicals.
No nationally-coordinated approach to deal
with the problem of small to medium scale
artisanal mining and the use of mercury.
No adequate infrastructure (organizational
structure and staff) to monitor and enforce
legislation.
Uncontrolled use and release of mercury for
the refinery of gold in gold and jewellery
shops
Uncontrolled use of mercury in the
extraction of gold by small to middle scale
artisanal gold miners.
Nature of problem
Interventions
City/ region
Paramaribo
Interior
Health and safety aspects
Paramaribo
Interior
Disposal
Paramaribo
Interior
Increased awareness of alternative methods
for gold mining without use of mercury.
Training regarding the use of reports in order
to capture mercury condensate. WWF
started to raise awareness and capacity
building of alternatives to stop the use of
mercury in the gold mining sector.
No enforcement of the use of alternatives by
creating incentives to use them.
Incentives, such as training on best practices
of gold mining and rehabilitation of overly
mined areas, were created by NGOs,
specifically WWF.
Occupational safety and health aspects of
refinery of gold in gold- and jewellery shops
Mercury level analyses of fish have been
conducted by laboratories of the ministry of
LVV and the Centre of Environmental
Research of the ADEKUVS. The Centre of
Environmental Research of the ADEKUVS also
analyze mercury levels in water and soil.
Personnel need to be trained to analyze
residue
Environmental aspects of bio-accumulation
of mercury
Fish contamination leads into food insecurity
and effects on human health.
Health aspects of fish contamination
Occupational safety and health aspects.
Uncontrolled release of mercury in the
environment and emission of mercury
condensate in the gold refining shops.
Uncontrolled release of mercury in the
environment;
emission
of
mercury
condensate in the small scale goldmining
sector.
Table 3.4. Description of problem area- Pesticides
Nature of problem
City/ region
Management
Country
A monitoring system is in place at the Ministry
of LVV and VG for residue measurement.
Residues in products which can have
consequences for consumer health are
analyzed. However, the laboratory of the
Ministry of LVV needs to be rehabilitated.
Personnel for the management and analysis of
residues are well trained.
32 |
The Ministry of HI only grants permits for the
export and import of pesticides after the
approval of the ministry of LVV. Although the
ministry gives clear instructions, it is still
noticed that importers request permits when
pesticide shipments are already at the harbor.
Therefore, a strict monitoring and penalty
needs to be introduced to counteract these
activities.
The Ministry of Finance, Custom Department
used a harmonized encoding. However, strict
monitoring of the use of these codes and the
description of items as well as the imports
need to be increased.
A rise in ageing governmental officers,
advisors and employees is noticed within the
Ministry of LVV.
Distribution
Country
The DC grants permits to retail shops that
supply pesticides. The DC is not obliged to ask
advice from the Ministry of LVV or other
relevant governmental institutions; therefore,
the ministry does not have any data on the
products that are for sale. A draft law has
been developed to tackle this problem, but
has still not been discussed due to changes of
officers of relevant stakeholders. The Ministry
of LVV, in collaboration with the Ministry of
HI, has begun to monitor these retail shops.
Training
Country
A farmer field school has been set up to
provide training and awareness, as well as
‘integrated plant protection management’.
This school has produced many successes
within the rice sector but none yet in the
horticulture division. The Ministry of LVV has
approximately 100 extension officers for
educating the community.
The Poly Technical College introduced an
agricultural course which boasts an increasing
number of students. However, the number of
new students and graduates of the ADEKUVS,
is decreasing. Students with the orientation
environmental sciences showed interest in
pesticide management by developing short
term researches and reports.
Within the framework of the POPs Project, a
number of trainings and workshops
33 |
concerning the management of obsolete
pesticides, dioxins and furans and PCBs were
organized for a selected group of government
officials and members of the private sector.
Also, a presentation on dioxins and furans
found in human milk was conducted.
In 2005, 2008 and 2010, NIMOS organized
with funding from the UNEP a specialized
training in refrigeration management and
retrofitting of equipment to use ozone friendly
substances. This training was for refrigeration
technicians, students of the Natuurtechnisch
Intsituut (NATIN) and governmental officials
from the Ministry of HI, LVV and VG.
Regarding the Ministry of LVV, special
attention was given to the quota system and
the banning of methyl bromide, which is an
ODS.
Awareness
Country
Health and safety aspects
Nickerie
All imported pesticides must be labelled in the
offical language – Dutch. The Ministry of LVV
collaborates with the Ministry of HI to monitor
products with a Dutch label.
Information about the promotion of
environmentally-friendly alternatives like
electrical fly swapper and lamps, fly glue, biopesticides is available.
Nickerie and Saramacca have the highest
suicide rates in Suriname. From 2000 – 2004,
an epidemiological study was conducted in
Nickerie and revealed a high suicide rate,
which was 48 per 100,000. The rate of
attempted suicides was 207 per 100,000.
Particularly remarkable is the high number of
attempted suicides among men (49%), and the
use of pesticides in both fatal (55%) and
nonfatal suicidal behavior (44%). Urgent
measures identified are the suicide helpline
which has been set up in order to
communicate with victims, and to preventively
stow away pesticides in locked cabinets with
the key kept by the proprietor16 The focus is
also on introducing the ‘Storage’ project,
where pesticides are put into locked storage
compartments. The Ministry of LVV has also
started conducting awareness projects with
NGOs and relevant institutions such as
ADRON.
16
T. Graafsma, e.a. Research Trends, High rates of suicides and attempted suicide using pesticides in Nickerie,
Suriname, South America, 2006.
34 |
Nature of problem
City/ region
Disposal
Country
Uncontrolled disposal and sediment run off.
The Ministry of LVV started a desk research
and field studies on the disposal of pesticide
containers. The method used is ‘Triple Rinse’,
in which pesticide containers are thoroughly
rinsed three times.
The Ministry of LVV compiled an inventory of
all obsolete pesticides. Up to now, there is no
place appointed for the storage of the
inventoried obsolete pesticides.
One example of uncontrolled disposal of
waste is the pesticides that have been
removed from Peperpot, a populated area in
district Commewijne, and dumped onto the
government landfill without any authorization
from the Ministry of LVV.
In 2010 an effort of the Ministry of ATM and
LVV to store hazardous chemicals failed
because the site did not meet the requirement
of a chemical storage site. There was also a lot
of resistance from the local people in the
district Saramacca against the project.
Herbicides are used to remove weed in open
channels. Due to lack of communications with
the Ministry of LVV, it is noticed that
awareness is lacking on the effects of
herbicides on human health and the
environment.
It has been mentioned that the DC grants permits to retail shops and gold or jewellery shops that sell
pesticides or use mercury. The DC is not obliged to ask advice from relevant governmental
institutions about the operation of mentioned activities. In the case of asking advice, statistics which
show how many environmental recommendations for permits have been distributed to the DC are
presented in table 3.5. Data from the Ministry of LVV is not reflected in the table.
Table 3.5 Number of environmental recommendations given by NIMOS with regard to licenses
issued by DC and Ministries, 2006-2009
Year
2006
2007
2008
2009
District Commissioner
Paramaribo
Wanica
24
10
17
18
19
41
18
85
Commewijne
6
3
0
8
Saramacca
1
1
5
Marowijne
1
2
Sipaliwini
1
2
Ministry
HI
OW
7
4
21
6
16
0
27
3
Source: ABS Environmental Statistics 2010
35 |
RGB
2
-
3.2 Comments and Analysis
In order to grasp the magnitude of the chemical management problem in Suriname, a detailed
assessment of ministries, governmental organizations and institutions is needed.
Much of the information relevant to chemicals management is not immediately available or easily
accessible. For example, the data regarding stocks, waste, registration of the use of most of the
chemicals, as well as disposal and destruction are not or poorly available. Annex 4 provides an
overview of problems and priority concerns which were put forward by stakeholders during the past
stakeholders meeting in March 2011.
Problems related to asbestos are mentioned and improvement has been made by the Ministry of
ATM, through capacity building and coordination of asbestos management. Still, capacity building
and public awareness raising of asbestos need improvement.
The coordination of pesticide management is one of the tasks of the Ministry of LVV. However, with
current insufficient available information, no inquiry into the problem’s magnitude can be made. The
use of pesticides is mainly found in the coastal plain area.
The total rate of suicide by pesticides is still a matter of serious concern.
The management of the gold mining sector is coordinated by the National Commission for
Structuring the Gold Mining Sector which is described in chapter 7. The commission works towards
an environmentally sound manner of import, export, use and handling of mercury. It must be
considered that the data must be available regarding the management of mercury in gold mining which will be part of the national chemical management of Suriname.
Communication structures among ministries, governmental institutions and organizations, including
the private sector, need to be established to make use of data on chemical management accessible.
For chemicals management it is also essential to collect statistical data for the various identified
problems, to make adjustments if necessary or further sustain the relative priority settings. This will
prove just as important as capacity building and improvement of communication with the public to
deal with these problems on a national scale.
36 |
4 Legal instruments and non-regulatory mechanisms for managing chemicals
4.1 Overview of national legal instruments which address management of
chemicals
The legal system of Suriname can be classified as a civil law system and remains fundamentally
similar to the Dutch legal system. The legislation at the national level is exercised through primary
legislation, acts (laws) enacted by the DNA and subsidiary legislation enacted by the Council of
Ministers (State Order) or by one or more ministers (Ministerial Order).
The judicial hierarchy can be distinguished in the following order17:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Verdragen (International Treaties): International treaties should be authorized, and if required,
approved by the President of the Republic of Suriname. The provisions of international treaties,
which may be directly binding on anyone, become effective upon promulgation. Legal
regulations in force in the Republic of Suriname shall not apply if such application should be
incompatible with provisions of agreements which are directly binding on anyone and which
were concluded either before or after the enactment of the regulations.
Grondwet (The Constitution of the Republic of Suriname): Highest national law providing for
rules regarding the sovereignty, principles for freedom, equity and democracy.
Wet, Landsverordening, Decreet (Act of DNA /Law)18: Jointly realized by the government and
DNA. However, some of the primary legislation in force is in the form of decrees, enacted during
the period of military rule.
Staatsbesluit, Landsbesluit (State order): A government order containing general binding rules,
to implement an act or regulate a subject that falls outside the regulation by an act.
Presidentieel Besluit (Presidential Order): A decision by the president as executive head of state
by virtue of the constitution.
Presidentiële Resolutie (Presidential Resolution): A decision by the president by virtue of a law.
Ministeriële beschikking (Ministerial Order): A decision by a minister, through the execution of
a ministerial task.
Districtsverordeningen (District Ordinances): limited legislative power given by the constitution
to the District Council to regulate its district, in accordance with its task description.
Table 4.1 presents existing legal instruments to address management of chemicals. The ranking of
the relevant legislation used in this profile is effective, fair, and weak. The ranking assigns the status
of the legislation enforcement. The ranking has been done by analysing the: effectiveness ( 1 point),
which means ensuring obedience to laws; fairness ( 2 points) which means ensuring that chemical
management is done in accordance to rules or standards or laws; and weakness – lack of ( economic,
social and political) power or influence.
17
Mr. W. Bechan-Pherai, Inleiding tot het Surinaams Staatsrecht, march 2006.
Landsverordening: an act/law approved in Colonial period, before 1975; Law/act: approved after 1975; Decreet:
approved in the period of Military rule, 1980-1986.
18
37 |
Table 4.1: Existing Legal Instruments to Address Management of Chemicals
Legal Instrument Responsible
Chemical Use Objective
(Type, Reference, Ministries or Categories
Legislation
Year
Bodies
Covered
General
Constitution
State
S.B. 1987 no.116
last amended by
S.B. 1992 no.38.
Relevant Articles / Provisions
All types of Provide rules for •
chemicals
the
sovereignty,
principles
for
freedom,
equity
and democracy.
•
•
•
38 |
Enforcement
Ranking
1= Effective
2= Fair
3=Weak
Article 6g: The state is responsible for 1
creating and promoting conditions
necessary for the protection of nature
and preservation of the ecological
balance
Article 28: All employees have –
independent of age, sex, race, nationality,
religion or political opinions – the right to
a safe and healthy working condition;
Article 36 (2): The state shall promote the
general health care by systematic
improvement of living and working
conditions, and shall give information on
the protection of health.
Article 48: The state supervises the fabric,
availability and trade of chemical,
biological, medical (pharmaceutical) and
other
products
intended
for
consumption, medical use and diagnoses.
The state also supervises all medical
professions, pharmacies and other
medical
practices
(paramedicpractices).The
monitoring
of
abovementioned
products
and
professions will be enforced by law.
Legislation
Year
Bodies
Covered
Act on Standards
(S.B. 2004 no. 121)
HI
All types of Rules
for •
chemicals
promoting,
developing,
adopting
and •
adjusting standards
for
goods
and
accepted operating
procedures.
•
Act
on
the Bureau
establishment of Standards
the
Suriname
Bureau
of
Standards
(S.B. 2006 no.30)
39 |
•
of All types of Establishment,
chemicals
purpose and duties
of the Suriname
Bureau
of
Standards
•
Enforcement
Ranking
1= Effective
2= Fair
3=Weak
Article 3: the Bureau of Standards is 1
authorized to develop and set up or
change standards
Article 6: the minister can designate
standards for the protection of
a. the consumer or user against
dangers to public health or safety
b. the environment
c. national production, fair trade
and social activity
Article 11: Inspection of imported goods
against set standards.
Article 3: The objective is to set up an
infrastructure for standards to stimulate
economic activities and protect the
environment and health.
Article 3 (2): The bureau shall function as
the national institute for:
a. standards
and
technical
regulations
b. certification of goods and
processes
c. metrology
d. accreditation of laboratories
Legislation
Year
Bodies
Covered
Decree
on HI
operating licenses
for enterprises
(S.B. 1981 no. 145)
All types of Rules
for
the •
chemicals
issuance of permits
for enterprises and
professions
State
Order
regarding
the
implementation of
article 2 of the
Decree
on
Operating Licences
(S.B 1981 no. 147,
last amended by
S.B 1993 no. 51)
Air emissions
Hindrance ActG.B.
1930
no
64
amended by S.B.
2001 no. 63
•
All types of Specific
chemicals
determination
of
enterprises
or
professions
for
which an operating
license is required
HI
HI
All types of Prohibits pollution
(District
chemical
of air through rules
Commissioners) byproducts
for the
establishment of
enterprises
Water emissions
Police Criminal Law JusPol
G.B. 1915 no 77
amendedby
S.B.
1990 no. 24
40 |
Different
chemicals
Regulates
order
Enforcement
Ranking
1= Effective
2= Fair
3=Weak
It is prohibited for enterprises or 1
professions in the field of trade, industry
or tourism to operate without a written
permit
Article 1 lists a number of enterprises and 1
professions for which a license is
required, for example: manufacturers of
pesticides, paints etc.
Article 1: it is prohibited to establish an 2
enterprise which can cause danger, damage
or hindrance without a permit from the DC
public Article 39a: penalizes the disposal of waste in 2
public places;
Article 51: polluting of a water resource or
water well is fined.
Article 45: the catching of fish through
intoxication is prohibited.
Legislation
Year
Bodies
Covered
Penal
CodeG.B.
1911
no1
as
amended
Harbors
Decree
1981 S.B. 1981 no
86
for
Enforcement
Ranking
1= Effective
2= Fair
3=Weak
public Articles 224, 225: contamination of water 3
resources is penalized.
JusPol
Different
chemicals
Rules
order
Maritieme
Autoriteit
Suriname
(Maritime
Authority
Suriname (MAS))
Different
chemicals
Provisions
for Article 17: prohibits discharge of waste, oil, 1
harbor activities
oil-contaminated water and condemned
goods into public waters.
Chemicals
Act
on
Movement
Goods
the HI
of
General
Rules
for
the Article 3: the movement of goods to and from 1
liberalization of the foreign countries is unrestricted, except for:
international trade
The state-order-decided negative list, of
which the import and export of goods are
prohibited, require a license or require
special treatment.
Different
chemicals
Regulates goods of
which the import
and export is under
restriction
and
divided into three
categories 1) goods
as to which the
S.B. 2003 no 58
State
Order HI
Negative List SB
2003
no.
74
amended by S.B.
2006
no .100
41 |
Article 2: the goods of which import and 1
export are prohibited, require a license or
otherwise are restricted are listed on the
Negative List included as an annex to this
state order.
import and export
is prohibited; 2)
Goods that require
a license; 3) goods
that require special
treatment.
In the list of goods of which import is
prohibited is included:
- All apparatus or products that contain
Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) and all
ODS, as mentioned in Annex A and B of the
Montreal Protocol:
- all kinds of waste
- Pesticides (FAO Negative List)
- Chemicals (FAO Negative List)
- Chemicals and radioactive waste
- Chemical Weapons
In the list of goods of which import requires a
license:
-
-
-
All ODS and apparatus or products that
contain ozone depleting substances (
except for those listed in annex A and B
of the Montreal Protocol;
All chemicals (except for those listed on
the FAO negative list), including methyl
bromide and chemical and radioactive
substances.
Mercury
PCB and Polychlorinated terphenyls (PCT)
containing apparatus
The goods of which the export is prohibited
include:
Chemical weapons
42 |
Legislation
Year
Bodies
Covered
State Order on VG
Detergents (G.B.
1952 no. 92)
State Order
Paints
on VG
Enforcement
Ranking
1= Effective
2= Fair
3=Weak
Article 12: detergents and bleach that 1
contain corrosive substances such as
alkali or alkali substances should have
visual warning symbols, including a
description of the harmful effects on the
skin or on textiles.
Consumer
Chemicals
To determine
requirements for
detergents
-
Paints
To specify the kind
of paint and its
components and
the requirements
for their
composition
-
Article 2: indicates the names and the 1
composition of paints such as zinc white,
unleaded, titanium dioxide, antimony
oxide etc.
Pesticides
Rules on handling
and use of
pesticides
-
Article 2: the Minister of LVV can – in 1
agreement with the Minister of VGprescribe by regulation which pesticides
are banned.
Article 3: it is prohibited to sell, store or
use pesticides which are not allowed
under this act.
Article 4: a pesticide is only allowed if:
a. the content and the further
composition (colour, shape,
packaging specifications) comply with
the criteria specified by the Minister
(G.B. 1952 no. 75)
Pesticides
Pesticides Act G.B. LVV
1972 no 151 last
amended by S.B.
2005 no. 18
-
-
43 |
-
State Order
Pesticides
on LVV
S.B.
2005
no.
21(Implementation
Regulation of the
Pesticide Act)
Pesticides
Provide rules for
the sale, storage,
transport and the
use of pesticides
and the storage,
removal,
destruction of the
packages and the
residues of
pesticides.
-
-
-
44 |
of Health
b.
it is certain that the pesticide is
reliable for proper use and has no side
effects such as damage to the health,
food, the production potential of the soil,
plants or parts of plants or animals.
Article 5: the Minister of LVV grants a
permit for the import of a pesticide.
Article 9: it is prohibited to transport,
import, store, sell or use pesticides for
agricultural use, that are listed on the
“Negative List” of the Food and
Agriculture Organization.
Article 2-3: the oral and dermatologic 1
toxicity of pesticides are classified as:
very
poisonous,
poisonous,
less
poisonous or dangerous for the health.
The toxicity should be prescribed on the
label.
Article 6- 7: the toxicity and other specific
properties of pesticides should be printed
on the label. Important data such as
danger symbols, color of the pesticide
etc. should be displayed prominently on
the front of the label.
Article 9: when using pesticides,
protective clothing and equipment
(gloves, coveralls, boots, goggles and
respirator) should be worn, contact with
-
-
-
-
-
45 |
skin and inhalation should be avoided,
etc.
Article 10: it is prohibited to re-use empty
containers of a pesticide with a skull
symbol.
Article 15: pesticides should be stored in
special storage place for security reasons
and for the protection of humans and the
environment.
Article 16: the minister of Agriculture can
prescribe by regulation how to safely
dispose of pesticide containers. The
disposal of used containers and
pesticides should carried out in such a
manner that water collection areas or
surface water is not contaminated.
Article 17: If working with pesticides,
employers are obliged to provide washing
accommodation, protective clothing, and
equipment such as gloves, boots,
coveralls, goggles, a respirator, and hats
for their workers.
Article 19: after working hours the
pesticide storage building should be
securely locked. The warning signs
“Pesticides” and a skull symbol should be
placed on the outside of the storage
place.
Legislation
Year
Bodies
Covered
Ministerial
“labeling
pesticides”
Order LVV
of
(Government
gazette no. 4767)
Pesticides
•
Rules regarding the
labeling
of
pesticides
-
-
46 |
Enforcement
Ranking
1= Effective
2= Fair
3=Weak
Article 2: the following information 1
should be stated on the labels of
pesticide bottles
Trade Name
Active Substances according to the
International Union of Pure and Applied
Chemistry (IUPC)
Percentage of active substances
Formula in which the product is offered
Type of pesticide
Netto quantity of the product in the
package
Other substances
Toxicity
Danger symbols
Safety period
Correct dosage
Instructions for disposal of the package,
First aid in case of poisoning
Eventual effects on the environment
Contact information of the manufacturer,
Contact information of the importer
Batch number and date of expiration
Storage instructions
•
•
Article 3: the text on the label of the
pesticide should be readable (minimal
font of 10 pt.) in clear Dutch; other
languages can also be used, e.g. English,
Spanish, and Portuguese.
Article 6: It is prohibited to give an
incorrect information on the use, toxicity;
composition etc. of pesticides during sale
Occupational Health and Safety
Safety Regulation 1 ATM
regarding
the
prevention
and
limitation
of
accidents in all
enterprises
Different
chemicals
Regulates the
prevention and
limitation of
accidents
Article 31: bottles that contain hydrochloric 1
acid, nitric acid, carbolic or caustic
substances, should have visual warning
symbols that indicate which kind of substance
they contain. When these liquids are poured
out, splashing should be prevented.
Different
chemicals
Provide provisions
for enterprises
regarding first aid
Article 1: Enterprises where corrosive, 1
poisonous, explosive or high temperature
materials are present are obliged to provide
effective first-aid in case of accidents.
Different
chemicals
Provide rules for
the liability of the
employer in case of
accidents or
occupational
disease of the
employee and
compensation
Article 25: some occupational diseases are 1
disorders developed through the use of
methyl chloride, radioactive substances,
fertilizers etc.
G.B. 1947 no. 168
Safety Regulation 3 ATM
to provide First Aid
G.B. 1948 no. 183
ATM
Accident
Regulation
G.B. 1947 no. 145
amended by S.B.
2001 no. 66
47 |
Legislation
Year
Bodies
Covered
Enforcement
Ranking
1= Effective
2= Fair
3=Weak
Food Safety
Penal Code G.B.
1911 no1 as
amended by
S.B 2004 no.5
Ministerial
on
JusPol
Order VG
Different
Chemicals
Regulates criminal Articles 226 and 227: Persons who sell, 2
offences in general
deliver or hand over goods that are harmful
to people’s health will be penalized
Different
Chemicals
Regulates quality of Article 4: The microbiological, physical and
process water
chemical research is carried out by the
Central Laboratory of the Ministry of VG, and
the research on organoleptic and physicalchemical parameters is conducted by
Surinaamse
Waterleiding
Maatschappij
(Suriname
Water
Company),
the
environmental laboratory of the ADEKUVS
and Central Laboratory of the Ministry of VG;
Process Water S.B.
2002 no. 11
Enforcement: Article 134, 135 Police Penalty
code.
Disaster Management
Law
on
the DEF
National Army
(S.B. 1996 no.27)
48 |
Different
Chemicals
Provide rules on the Article 2: The army is responsible for 2
National Army of assistance with the prevention and control of
Suriname
disasters and accidents.
NCCR
Legislation
Year
Bodies
Covered
Law on the Fire JusPol
Brigade
(S.B. 1996 no. 96)
Law on Transport,
in-and export,
transit,
manufacturing,
sale of Gunpowder
and other
explosives and
highly flammable
substances(G.B.
1938 no.76, last
amended by G.B.
1949 no.72)
Act on Safety and TCT
protection of civil
aviation
in
Suriname
(S.B.
2002 no.24)
49 |
Enforcement
Ranking
1= Effective
2= Fair
3=Weak
Article 5d: The fire brigade is responsible for 2
supervision of storage of explosive or highly
flammable substances.
Different
Chemicals
Provide rules on the
institutional
arrangements for
the fire brigade
Different
Chemicals
Provide rules for
the transport of
gunpowder and
other explosives
and highly
flammable
substances
Different
chemicals
Rules on safety of It is prohibited to have on board of an
civil aviation
aircraft: explosives, weapons, hazardous
substances, radioactive material, flammable
substances, oxidized substances, corrosive
substances, acid substances and other
dangerous goods. The minister of TCT can
grant an exemption for transport of these
goods.
Fire Brigade
JusPol
Article 1: For public safety, the president can 2
create rules for transport, import and export,
transit, manufacturing, sale of gunpowder
and other explosives and highly flammable
substances
Legislation
Year
Bodies
Covered
BILLS
Act dated …………, Environmental
concerning
Authority
regulations
for
Sustain-able
Environ-mental
Management
(Environment Act)
Contaminants Provide
rules •
regarding
the
preservation,
management and
protection of a
healthy
environment
•
•
50 |
Article 16: The Environmental Agency
shall define in its regulations what is
environmentally polluting and shall
determine in what respective quantities
concentrations
shall
be
deemed
potentially
dangerous
for
the
environment.
shall establish permissible pollution levels
for dumping, releasing or discharging
contaminants on land or into the soil,
into water, into the air or in the various
geographical areas.
shall grant a permit that allows the
dumping, release or discharge of a
contaminant on or into the soil, into
water, or into the air in quantities or
concentrations above the admissible
norms, under general environmental
condition.
Enforcement
Ranking
1= Effective
2= Fair
3=Weak
Legislation
Year
Bodies
Covered
Act
dated OW
.......................,
concerning
regulations for the
safe removal of
waste
(Afvalstoffenwet)
The different waste streams are categorized
into household, farming and gardening,
company and industrial waste, hazardous
waste, effluent, dredging and car wrecks.
All chemicals
Rules for the safe
handling of waste
•
Article 25: it is prohibited to handover
hazardous waste to others without a
notification to NIMOS.
It is also prohibited to collect hazardous
waste without a permit from the Ministry of
OW.
•
51 |
Article 27: The Ministry of ATM and VG
will prescribe the appropriate removal of
hazardous waste by regulation.
Enforcement
Ranking
1= Effective
2= Fair
3=Weak
4.2 Summary Description Key Legal Instruments Relating to Chemicals
In table 4.2 additional details are provided about the legal instruments mentioned in chapter 4.1,
which are considered of particular importance for the management of chemicals. For each legal
instrument the following information is provided:
- The specific chemicals which are covered
The administrative procedures included under the legal instruments, such as information
requirements, risk assessment, classification, labeling and management schemes (licensing
of traders, provision of information to the public)
- Mechanisms included to monitor implementation (audit procedures, reporting
requirements) and action for non-compliance (fines, revocation of licenses, prison terms);
and
- Existing databases created as result of the instrument, scope, objectives, location and
responsible body.
New legislation is made public by publishing it in the law gazette of the Republic Suriname under the
supervision of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (Binnenlandse Zaken). All laws are published in Dutch
and translations are not available.
Relevant information is handled confidentially for the protection of proprietary information.
Table 4.2 Additional Details on Legal Instruments Relating to Chemicals
Legal Instrument Chemicals
(Type, Reference, Covered
Year)
Administrative
Procedure
Pesticides Act
19
Pesticides
Monitor
Implementation
Action
Noncompliance
LVV20
Existing
Databases
Yes
21
Pesticide
Order
State Pesticides
State
Order Different
Negative List
chemicals23
24
Criminal Code
LVV22
Yes
Criminal Code
HI25
Yes
19
The Ministry of LVV decides on the approval and banning of pesticides in consultation with the Ministry of VG (article 2
Pesticide act).
20
Minister can give general instruction in consultation with the minister of VG (article 4); minister decides on the approval
of pesticide and can withdraw it in consultation with the minister of VG (article 5-7); attorney-general approves the
destruction after advice of relevant departments of Ministry of LVV and the Ministry of VG (article 13); Sampling for
analysis (article 14, 17).
21
Ministry of JusPol , Code of Criminal Procedure S.B. 1977 no 94 last amended S.B. 2004 no 105: powers of criminal
investigation attorney-general and other members of the prosecution counsel, DCs, police and extraordinary police
appointed by the minister of JusPol (article 134); others who also have powers of criminal investigation (article 135).
22
Minister can in consultation with the minister of VG approve other pesticides (article 14 and 15 section 3); Head of the
plant protection department can make exemptions (article 17); Minister can ban pesticides in consultation with Minister of
VG (article 18).
23
Prohibited goods are pesticides and chemicals on the FAO negative list, chemical and radioactive substances, chemical,
biological and nuclear weapons; license obligatory goods are pesticides excluded those that are on the FAO negative list,
medicines (human and veterinary) and psychotropic substances, mercury, radioactive minerals, PCBs and PCT containing
apparatus; certificate- or register bound goods waste products (excluded chemical or radioactive), all CFC’s containing
52 |
Legal Instrument Chemicals
(Type, Reference, Covered
Year)
Administrative
Procedure
Act
on
Movement
Goods
Pesticide Act
1972 no
amended by
2005 no. 18
26
the General
of
G.B. Pesticides
151
S.B.
Safety Law
Industrial
G.B. 1947 no. 142 chemicals
amended
S.B.
1980 no. 116
Accident
Regulation
G.B. 1947 no. 145
amended by S.B.
2001 no. 66
27
30
Monitor
Implementation
Action
Noncompliance
HI
Economic
Offences S.B. 1986
no 42
LVV
ATM
Existing
Databases
Yes
Yes
Code of Criminal
Procedure28
M of Trade &
Industry29
ATM
YES
ATM
YES
apparatus. A further specification of prohibited, license obligatory or certificate- or register bound goods; added e.g.
methyl bromide and chemical and radioactive substances, such as cyanides, sodium hydroxide, nitric acid, acetone and
iridium.
24
A license can be obtained at the Import, Export and Foreign Exchange Department of the Ministry of HI.
25
By license application
26
General description of rules for international trade, and definition of the negative list; categories types, description,
license procedure (application, objection, appeal) (article 3 sub 3 and 8-11).
27
The Ministry of LVV decide on the approval and banning of pesticides in consultation with the Ministry of Public Health.
28
Ministry of JusPoL, Code of Criminal Procedure S.B. 1977 no 94 amended S.B. 2004 no 105: powers of criminal
investigation attorney-general and other members of the prosecution counsel, DCs, police and extraordinary police
appointed by the minister of justice and police (article 134); others who also have powers of criminal investigation (article
135).
29
Ministry of LVV is responsible for issuing permits for the import of pesticides together with the Ministry of HI.
30
Labor Inspectorate Department of the Ministry of ATM is involved in the implementation.
53 |
4.3 Existing legislation by use of category addressing various stages of chemicals
from production/import through disposal
Table 4.3 provides a strategic overview of the legal instruments that regulate each stage of
chemicals from import and production to disposal, for each of the main use categories of chemicals.
Table 4.3 Overview Legal Instruments to Manage Chemicals by Use Category
Chemical
Import
Production Storage
Transport Distribution
Type
marketing
Pesticides Y31
N32
Y
Y
Y
Use
Handling
Y
Disposal
Y
Fertilizers
U33
U34
U
U
U
U
U
Petroleum
Products
Industrial
Chemicals
Consumer
Chemicals
Chemical
Wastes
Others
U
G1*
Y
G1
G1
G1
G1
G1
G1
G2**
G2
G2
G2
G2
G2
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
Y
N
N
N
U35
U
G
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
*G1= Guidelines NIMOS on Petroleum Products
**G2= Guidelines NIMOS for the setup of storage facilities for chemicals
4.4 Summary description of key approaches and procedures for control of
chemicals
Current legislation (laws and subsidiary legislation) regulates various stages of the chemical life cycle
in different sectors of society. They address classification and labeling of chemicals and products,
registration of chemicals, permits and licenses for operation, reporting requirements, inspection and
information to be provided to workers or public, and storage requirements and disposal. The
legislation does not always sufficiently accommodate the various classes of chemicals and the
different stages of the life cycle; it is fragmented and dispersed over various sectors, lacks subsidiary
legislation and regulation, or is out of date, fails to use implementation and enforcement powers,
and establishes a low regime of fines and penalties.
31
Y = Yes, stage is adequately addressed through legislation.
N = Stage is not adequately addressed through legislation.
33
Import tariffs are defined for different categories of goods.
34
U = Unknown whether stage is adequately addressed through legislation.
35
Legislation on waste managementnew law on waste has been prepared.
36 Environmental management law prepared. Specific attention is given to pollution control
32
54 |
4.5 Non-regulatory mechanisms for managing chemicals
Anticipating its future mandate as official environmental authority, NIMOS has prepared guidelines
with the aim of preventing and managing pollution. These guidelines are non-regulatory
mechanisms in use by NIMOS. However, it must be noted that they are used on an ad hoc basis.
The following guidelines which can be relevant for chemicals management are currently used by
NIMOS:
• Guidelines for conducting Environmental and Social Impact Assessments
The Environmental Assessment Guidelines (EA Guidelines) will be given effect by the Environmental
Act, once it has been promulgated. The EA Guidelines were prepared as a guide for project
proponents, but are also intended to provide Surinamese government officials with advice on
evaluating and assessing the adequacy and suitability of EIA reports submitted in support of project
permit applications.
The EA Guidelines cover the following aspects:
• project screening
• classification of projects
• scoping guidelines
• structure of EIA reports
• EIA report review process, including criteria for review and compliance checklist.
Although neither the Environmental Act nor the EA guidelines have any legal status as yet, project
developers are expected to comply with the focus of the guidelines.
The guidelines allow for classification of projects into several categories, depending on the judged
potential for environmental damage:
Category A
These are projects with adverse effects that may be sensitive, irreversible and diverse. The extent
and scale of the environmental impacts can only be determined after thorough environmental
assessment. Mitigation measures can only be taken after the results of the assessment are known.
Category B
These are projects in which the severity of potential impacts depends on the sensitivity of the
location, scale and predictability.
Category C
This category concerns projects that have no significant impact or whose effects are well known,
predictable, small-scale, and can be mitigated.
• Guidelines for the setup of depots for chemicals
This guideline is prepared to be used to setup depots for chemicals. A prerequisite is that at least
the permit based on the Hindrance Act, Building Act and the Decree on operating licenses for
enterprises must be issued. This guideline contains provisions regarding access, storage, labeling,
inspection and action in the case of spills. In the event of a spill, the following agencies need to be
contacted immediately: Districts Commissioner, NCCR, ATM, NIMOS and VG.
• Guidelines for the setup and use of incinerators for medical waste
This guideline is intended for government use – as well as use by private Incinerators. According to
the guidelines, personnel working with incinerators should be well trained.
55 |
Further, it is required to have a waste management plan in place to minimize toxic emissions and
store medical waste in a proper manner. The guideline also contains requirements for the use of oil,
residence time of gasses in relation to human health, and impact on the environment. It is further
required that the companies responsible for installing the incinerators will enter into a maintenance
agreement with the hospitals where the incinerator is installed. A monitoring program is required
and the guideline itself provides for emission standards.
• Guidelines for car-spraying booths
NIMOS developed guidelines for car-spraying booths. Although these are still in draft, they form the
basis for the advice that NIMOS gives to the permitting agencies (Ministry of HI and the DC). This
guideline provides specific instructions with regards to the construction of the booth, the interior,
floor, air filter, cleaning, electrical sources, ventilation and storage and handling of flammable and
combustible liquids.
It is expected that as soon as the environmental act is promulgated and NIMOS has the legal status
of an authority, the guidelines will have a legal basis and more guidelines will be developed so that
the environmental authority can execute its tasks in the field of pollution control much more
transparently and effectively. At the moment, NIMOS can only advise, but not enforce.
4.6. Comments/Analysis
The Ministry of ATM is the main ministry, since it manages environmental policy and coordination,
and is responsible for starting the legislative process. The Ministry of ATM has prepared an
Environmental Framework Act in close consultation with the NIMOS. One of the ministry’s priorities
is to have the Environmental Act promulgated.
This government has shown commitment by having two important environmental treaties, namely
the Basel Convention and the Stockholm Convention, adopted by the DNA on 15 February 2011.
The Ministry of LVV has prepared comprehensive legislation covering the management of pesticides.
The adopted pesticides legislation of 2005 incorporates the international techniques for the
management of pesticides. The FAO Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides
provides the inspiration and guidance for the Pesticides Act and Pesticides state order. The act also
incorporates the Prior Informed Consent (PIC) procedure.
The abovementioned legislation does not address all of the environmental concerns such as
pollution and contamination. Framework legislation on environmental protection is under
preparation. When approved and enacted, the law will cover all aspects of environmental protection
and integrated pollution control.
Beside the fact that adequate legislation on pollution control is lacking at the moment, the laws in
force are also not always available at the relevant institutions. Sometimes the staff at a ministry that
has specific tasks in accordance to a government state order is insufficiently informed about which
ministry is responsible for the implementation of a specific law.
56 |
Not all ministries have an up to date organization chart available, and not always can staff indicate
what the tasks other departments have within the ministries.
Many of the laws are outdated; however, they still offer possibilities for monitoring and
enforcement and to a certain extent directly or indirectly minimize negative consequence for human
health and the environment. Often the lack of resources and outdated laws are mentioned as
reasons within the administration for not taking action to prevent negative impacts.
Enforcement of legislation is generally is a problem in Suriname. It is not as effective as expected –
particularly in the area of chemicals management. Among the factors that have been identified are
financial constraints, lack of appropriate monitoring tools and equipment, unqualified personnel,
inadequate penalty provisions, low judicial process and lack of institutional co-operation.
Non regulatory instruments such as guidelines are of fairly recent origin, and are not used in a
consequent and systematic manner. Consequently, legislation has yet to catch up with individuals
and Industry.
In addition, the different policy instruments are not always in good harmony. Due to overlaps that
exist among the different authorities of ministries and departments in chemicals management, in
certain areas there is a duplication of activities or ‘gray areas’ where no adequate monitoring and
enforcement is done.
Administrative data are collected, but no adequate control is performed on the composition of
specific chemical products such as pesticides (physical, analytical) is performed that are imported
into the country.
The administration control is itself minimal on the compliance with law.
57 |
5 Ministries, agencies and other institutions managing chemicals
5.1 Responsibilities of different government ministries, agencies and other
institutions
A general overview of the responsibilities of the different ministries, agencies and other institutions for
the different stages of the chemical life cycle is presented In Table 5.1. For specific classes of chemicals,
pesticides, petroleum products, industrial chemicals and consumer chemicals the information is
presented in Table 5.1 – 4 respectively.
Table 5.1 Responsibilities of Government Ministries, Agencies, and Other Institutions
NH
HI
X
X
39
X
X
43
FIN
40
X
Disposal
LVV 38
X
X
Use/Handling
37
X
Distribution/
Marketing
VG
X
Transport
36
ATM
Storage
Ministry,
Agency
Concerned
Production
Importation
Stages of
Life-Cycle
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
41
X
42
X
X
X
OW
X
RO 44
JusPol 45
X
DEF 47
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X46
X
X
37
. BOG: Departement Milieu Inspectie (Department Environmental Inspection) (storage, production, use/handling and
disposal) and Sanitation (importation, production, storage distribution/marketing, waste disposal). Pharmaceutische
Inspectie (farmaceutical Inspection) of the Ministry of VG is reponsibile for supervision of farmaceutical products (imports,
production, storage and disposal).
38
. Pesticide Department van de Subdivisie Agrarische Onderzoek, Afzet en Verwerking (Pesticide Department of
Subdivision Agricultural Research, Marketing and Processing)
39
. Mining of minerals
40
. Departement Invoer, Uitvoer en Deviezen Controle (IUD) (Department Import, Export and Foreign Exchange Control)
41
. Afdeling Bedrijfsvergunning (Department for Operating Licenses )
42
. Afdeling Bedrijfsvergunning (Department Operating Licenses)
43
. Ontvanger Invoerrechten en Accijnzen (Customs Department)
44
. District Commissioners
45
. Narcotics: Police (import, disposal); Fire Department, Enforcement (Police)
46
. Procurator-general formally approves destruction or it is delegated to relevant departments
47
. Explosives (import, storage, transport, use/handling, disposal); NCCR
58 |
Disposal
Use/Handling
Distribution/
Marketing
Transport
X
Transport&
Telecommunication49 Casas
Others
X17
Storage
Ministry,
Agency
Concerned
Foreign affairs 48
Production
Importation
Stages of
Life-Cycle
X
X50
X17
X17
X17
X17
X17
X51
X17
VG
LVV
HI
FIN
OW
RO
JusPol53
X
X
X
X
Disposal
X
Use/handling
X
Distribution/M
arketing
transport
X
storage
Ministry,
Agency
Concerned
ATM
Production 52
Stages of
Life-Cycle
Importatuion
Table 5.2 Responsibilities of Government Ministries, Agencies: Pesticides
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
x
X
X
x
X
X
X
X
48
. International agreements (Basel Convention, Rotterdam Convention, Stockholm Convention etc.)
. Transportation by water, air and road and facilities for water and air transportation
50
. Port Authority
51
. MAS by Presidential Order, stipulators regarding transport, import, export, transit, production and sale of gunpowder
and other highly flammable or explosives.
52
At present no production of pesticides takes place.
53
Enforcement of legislation and disposal see note Table 5.A.
49
59 |
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Disposal
X
X
X
Use/handling
X
X
X
X
X
Distribution/M
arketing
X
transport
X
storage
Ministry,
Agency
Concerned
ATM
VG
NH 54
HI
FIN
OW
RO
JusPol 55
Others 56
production
Stages of
Life-Cycle
Importatuion
Table 5.3 Responsibilities of Ministries and Agencies: Petroleum Products
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Disposal
X
X
Use/handling
X
X
Distribution/M
arketing
X
X
X
X
transport
storage
Ministry,
Agency
Concerned
ATM
VG
HI
FIN
OW
RO
JusPol
production
Stages of
Life-Cycle
Importation
Table 5.4 Responsibilities of Ministries and Agencies: Industrial Chemicals
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
54
Oil exploration
Enforcement and fire department
56
Handling at oil terminal MAS
NIMOS has prepared guidelines for storage and handling of petroleum products.
55
60 |
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Disposal
X
Distribution/M
arketing
X
transport
X57
Use/handling
VG
HI
FIN
OW
RO
JusPol
storage
Ministry,
Agency
Concerned
ATM
production
Stages of
Life-Cycle
Importation
Table 5.5 Responsibilities of Government Ministries, Agencies: Consumer Chemicals
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
5.2 Description of ministerial authorities and mandates
In this section the aspects of the primary responsibilities for involvement in specific aspects of
chemicals management, as well as the type and level of expertise available for chemicals
management activities are described for the Ministries and Agencies identified in Section 5.1.
According to the state order “Task Descriptions Ministries”, (S.B. 1991 no. 58 last amended by S.B.
2005 no. 94) several ministries have tasks related to management of chemicals.
Below is a table listing ministries and the respective departments or agencies with a description of
their tasks concerning chemicals management in Suriname.
57
The Ministry of HI is responsible for the issuing of permits to import goods. A special procedure for the control of ODS
imports is in place. The Ministry of LVV advises on methyl bromide and other pesticides and BOG on remaining ODS, before
the Ministry of HI gives the approval for the import. The customs inspects the imported ODS and if necessary requests
advice from NIMOS or BOG.
61 |
Table 5.6 Summary of the responsibilities and roles of the ministries
MINISTER
RESPONSIBILITIES
Ministry of ATM
-
Department
-
Labour Department
Sub Directorate: Labour
Inspection
-
Environmental Section
-
Coordination of the preparation of environmental
policy and monitoring of the implementation
Formulate
Promotion of the implementation of environmental
treaties
Promotion and realization of environmental
legislation
Promote the use of environmental sound
technologies
Identification, preparation and implementation of
environmental training and education programs for
environmental institutes and organizations
Inspection of companies on the use of
environmentally harmful materials and technologies
Involvement of the public to combat environmental
pollution.
ROLE/ INPUT
The Labour Inspection Department is responsible for the enforcement of
the regulations on safety and occupational health in Suriname. They
provide advice and guidance to employers as well as employees.
The Environmental Section of the ministry is responsible for the
preparation of the environmental policy. Special attention is given to the
issue of chemicals. In June 2007 the Minister established the National
Coordination Commission for a period of one year. In June 2010 this
commission was re-installed for a second year; its specific tasks are to:
•
•
•
•
Agency: NIMOS
guide and monitor the POP’s project
develop a National Action Plan on mercury
contamination/pollution
develop a National Strategy for hazardous chemicals and
hazardous waste
Identify the synergies between chemical conventions e.g.
Rotterdam Convention, Basel Convention, Stockholm Convention
and Montreal Protocol.
The commission consists of representatives from the Ministries of ATM,
NIMOS, OW, HI, VG, LVV, ADEKUVS and business community.
NIMOS provides environmental technical advice on the storage and
handling of chemicals to:
i)
62 |
the Districts commissioner (Hindrance act permit), ii) Ministry
of Trade (permit for establishment of enterprises) and iii)
customs (import of chemicals).
On an ad hoc basis, NIMOS has guided transportation of chemicals of
Private Companies from the port to companies’ facilities.
NIMOS has developed guidelines for storage of chemicals.
Some requirements for the storage of chemicals are:
•
•
•
•
all chemicals should have a label in English and Dutch indicating
the trade name, chemical composition, warning symbols, user’s
manual, impacts on the environment etc.
chemicals and containers shall be inspected on a regular basis
separate storage of different chemicals
the use of fire-resistant storage tanks for flammable liquids
When leakages or disasters occur, immediate contact should be made
with the DC, the police, NCCR, NIMOS, or the fire brigade.
Ministry of LVV
-
Sub Directorate:
-
Agricultural
Research, Marketing and Processing.
-
Department: Pesticides.
63 |
-
Formulate policy regarding agriculture, animal
husbandry, fisheries and apiculture
Research and information on the above mentioned
sectors
Prevention and the combat of animal – and plant
diseases
Responsible for aquaculture and farming industry
Management and protection of Suriname’s national
fish resources
The Ministry of LVV is authorized, in agreement with the Ministry of VG,
to prescribe by regulation which pesticides are banned.
The Ministry decides whether or not a pesticide can be imported.
In 2006, as part of its policy, the ministry also banned the import of:
carbofuran, dimethoaat, endosulfan and methamidophos. However, this
still should be legalized through a state order.
The pesticide department is involved in the enforcement of the rules and
regulations for pesticides, regulating imports, correct labelling,
Control on the implementation of laws and distribution and disposal. The extension officers are responsible for
regulations with regard to agriculture, animal training in safe handling and use of pesticides.
husbandry, fisheries and apiculture
MINISTER
RESPONSIBILITIES
•
•
•
Ministry of VG
AGENCY
BOG
ROLE/ INPUT
The Environmental Inspection of BOG is responsible for inspection of
Healthcare
Food safety
water, soil and air pollution. It is involved in different stages of the
Sanitation and guidance at the destruction of chemical cycle: import, production, storage, use/handling and disposal.
pharmaceuticals, clinic and industrial waste
The Pharmaceutical Inspection is operating on behalf of the permanent
secretary of the Ministry of VG; it is also responsible for supervision of the
import, production, sale and destruction of pharmaceuticals in Suriname.
Pharmaceutical Inspection
Ministry of RO
•
•
District Commissioners
•
Ministry of TCT
•
•
Regional administration
Integrated Government actions, aimed at
regional development and enhancement of the
living environment of inhabitants of the districts
Waste collection services in the districts, except
for Paramaribo
The DC issues hindrance permits. In the case of establishment of storage
for chemical trade, It is common practice to request advice from BOG and
NIMOS;
Water-, air- and road transport
Management of all ports
MAS is the focal point for MARPOL. The MAS is responsible for safe,
efficient passage and also for the control of pollution from ships in
Surinamese waters.
The DC is responsible for the collection and disposal of waste – including
chemical waste – in the districts.
DEPARTMENT/AGENCIES
MAS
Port Authority
The port authority (N.V. Havenbeheer) is responsible for general
management of the harbor facilities in Suriname.
In accordance with the ISPS code (International Ship and Port
Facility Security Code), all arriving ships shall within 48 hours before
arrival give notice to the port authority of hazardous substances on board
of the ship.
64 |
These hazardous substances are categorized by the International
Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG) in groups among which
explosives, caustic substances and radioactive material.
Airport Authority
The airport authority is responsible for management of the Johan Adolf
Pengel Airport facilities.
In general, CASAS is responsible for the promotion and the safe guard of
the flight safety of all Suriname-registered civil aviation aircrafts or
aircrafts with foreign nationalities.
CASAS
According to the Act on Safety and Protection of Civil Aviation in Suriname
(S.B. 2002 no.24), it is prohibited to have on board of an aircraft:
explosives, weapons, hazardous substances, radioactive material,
flammable substances, oxidized substances, corrosive substances, acid
substances and other dangerous goods. The Ministry of TCT can grant an
exemption for these goods.
Ministry of OW
Waste collection in Paramaribo
The Waste Collection Department of the Ministry of OW is responsible for
the collection of household waste in Paramaribo and the district of
Wanica. All the waste is transported to a landfill (open dump); there is no
sorted waste disposal in Suriname.
DEPARTMENT
Waste
Department
Collection
Drainage Department
65 |
There is no system for processing effluent. Suriname has a mixed system
of water discharge from homes and factories. The drainage division is
responsible for keeping the drainage system and terrains in adequate
condition. There are no inspections on effluents from industries in
Suriname.
MINISTER
RESPONSIBILITIES
Ministry of HI
-
DEPARTMENT
-
Service Import, Export and exchange control
ROLE/ INPUT
Supervision of activities related to trade, industry A license is required for import of chemicals
and service activities
Industry policy and promotion of industrial activities,
with emphasis on export
The issuance of import-, export en foreign exchange In case of establishment of an enterprise where chemicals will be used,
the Ministry can request advice from NIMOS before issuance of the
licenses;
operating license (permit). This has previously been done on an ad hoc
basis.
Bureau of Standards
The Bureau of Standards is responsible for the development of rules for
promoting, developing, adopting and adjusting standards for goods and
accepted operating procedures.
Ministry of Finance
Levy and collection of tax
The customs is responsible for levy, indirect tax collection and
enforcement of regulations on the import of goods. They have been
trained to identify equipment containing ozone-depleting substances.
Provide assistance in case of disaster
The NCCR is responsible for monitoring and assessing social development
in order to identify potential disasters and crises. NCCR has a coordination
structure (collaboration with several Ministries and organizations) in place
in case of a chemical-related disaster.
DEPARTMENT
Customs
Ministry of Defense
DEPARTMENTS/AGENCIES
NCCR (National Centre for
disaster control)
66 |
MINISTER
RESPONSIBILITIES
Ministry of JusPol
Fire Brigade
•
•
•
Security
Fire
safety and fire fighting
ROLE/ INPUT
The police are responsible for law enforcement in general. The fire
brigade provides advice to the public as well as government agencies
regarding fire prevention. Both the DC and the Ministry of HI request
advice from the fire brigade before issuing their respective permits.
The fire brigade is responsible for:
•
•
•
67 |
The prevention, limitation and combating of fire
First aid to people in danger or distress
Monitoring of the storage of highly explosives and/or highly
flammable substances.
5.3 Comment /Analysis
The current legal framework does not sufficiently address all environmental and health concerns
related to chemical management. The basic concepts for prevention and control of pollution and
contamination are lacking. Most of the laws are outdated, however they still offer possibilities for
monitoring and enforcement, and to a certain extent directly or indirectly minimize negative
consequence for humans and the environment. However, framework legislation on environmental
management is in preparation by the Ministry of ATM. When eventually enacted by the DNA, all
aspects of environmental protection and pollution control will have a legal basis. Awaiting the
enactment of the Environmental Act by DNA, NIMOS has developed a system for handling
environmental complaints. NIMOS provides environmental advice to the permit-issuing agencies
such as the Ministry of HI and the DCs. NIMOS has also developed guidelines for storage of
chemicals and petroleum products, but currently, these can only be enforced if incorporated in the
permits of the aforementioned permit-issuing agencies. The institutional structure is directly related
to the legal framework. Besides the outdated legal framework, other factors also hamper adequate
enforcement in Suriname; these are: financial constraints, lack of appropriate monitoring tools and
equipment, unqualified personnel, inadequate penalty provisions, a slow judicial process and lack of
institutional cooperation. The mandates of the different ministries are regulated in the state order
“Task Descriptions Ministries”, (S.B. 1991 no. 58 last amended by S.B. 2005 no. 94). This state order
highlights the general mandate of the ministries and is not specific on the responsibility of the
ministries in the subsequent stages of the chemical life cycle.
Without this clear definition, overlapping situations are created, e.g., approval for the import of
industrial chemicals, which are not sufficiently addressed. On the other hand, specific aspects are
not clearly regulated or observed, e.g. for the transportation of dangerous chemicals no labelling is
used and it is unclear who is responsible for the shipment, or risk assessment and management of
chemicals that are imported. At present various legal instruments regulate parts of the life cycle of
different classes of chemicals.
Several ministries are involved, and the enforcement of the rules and regulations is generally
inadequate. Currently, weak monitoring of the chemical’s different stages of the cycle is apparent.
The underlying causes of this situation vary from low awareness or lack of capacity to deal with
chemicals management issues to the absence of subsidiary legislation and regulation or outdated
present legislation, limited budget and staff for the implementation and enforcement, or a low
regime of fines and penalties.
At the moment the number of relevant ministries and institutions involved in chemicals
management is sufficient and needs no expansion. There is no need for expansion of the present
number of institutions involved in chemicals management in the country. Additional institutions will
not bring any innovation to the chemical management effort; at best they will duplicate what is
already being done. However, each of the governmental institutions has limited effective
implementation of its managing responsibilities due to a lack of human resources and inadequate
equipment for further effective operation. For effective chemicals management it is important to
create a good coherence between the ministries in their mandates, so that all aspects of the
chemical life cycle are covered; moreover, the improvement of rule enforcement and updating of
regulations is necessary.
68 |
6. Relevant activities of industry, public interest groups, and the research
sector.
6.1 Description of organizations and programmes
Suriname is still in a state of organizing and developing chemical management on a national basis.
Governmental organizations involved in chemical management and their contact information are
described in annex 3. In table 6.1. an overview is given of non-governmental organizations involved
directly or indirectly to chemical management. There is no detailed information about linkages
between NGOs and governmental institutions. Detailed contact information of these NGOs is also
given in annex 3.
Table 6.1. Activities of relevant NGO’s and relevant institutions regarding chemical management
Non-governmental
organization and institutions
Suriname Business Forum
Vereniging Surinaamse
bedrijven (Suriname Trade &
Industry Association )
Associatie van Surinaamse
Fabrikanten (Association of
Surinamese Producers )
Nationale Raad voor
Bedrijfsgezondheidszorg
(National Board of
Occupational Health Service )
Maritieme Autoriteit
Suriname (Maritime
Authority Suriname)
Suriname Standaardden
Bureau (Suriname Bureau of
Standards)
Stichting Algemeen Bureau
voor Statistiek Suriname
(Suriname General Bureau of
Statistics)
69 |
Activities
Increase active cooperation between the local private sector and
the public sector in order to reinforce and promote sustainable
economic growth and employment in Suriname
The VSB develops and maintains strategic cooperation with other
members of the private sector and has close links with the
government
The organisation works towards an increase in national
production. Particular attention has been given towards export
production and improvement of the climate for investment. The
organisation has made itself strong for a stable economic
development and reinforcing the democratic rule of law
Activities are executed in order to further develop and improve
occupational health.
MAS executes activities that supervise the compliance of legal
rules in shipping in order to guarantee a safe and efficient
passage of sea-going vessels to and from Suriname based on
internationally accepted standards, rules and treaties ratified by
Suriname.
The bureau carries out all necessary activities, in particular
determination
,
adoption,
maintenance,
promotion,
implementation and use of standards and technical requirements
leading to an adequate standard infrastructure in order to
stimulate socio-economic activities and to protect the health and
safety of humans, animals and plants as well as the environment
in which they live.
ABS executes activities to provide sound statistics which offer
insights into the social, cultural, demographic and economic
situation, and development of Suriname for the national and
international community.
Non-governmental
organization and institutions
Stichting
(Occupational Health
Foundation)
Consumenten Kring
(Consumers Federation)
Activities
The foundation grants services in the field of the health care for
companies.
The Consumers Federation executes activities regarding safety of
food as well as raising awareness of food products.
6.2 Summary of expertise available outside of the government
Table 6.2 provides a general overview of expertise in non-governmental organizations which might
be available to support national programs and policies related to chemicals management.
Table 6.2 Summary of Expertise Available Outside of Government
Field of
experience
Data
Collection
Testing
of
chemicals
Risk
Assessment
Risk
Reduction
Policy Analysis
Training and
education
Research and
alternatives
Research
Institutes
University
Industry
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Environmental/
Consumer
X
Labor
Unions
X
Professional
Organization
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Other
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Monitoring
X
Enforcement
Information to
workers
Information to X
public
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
70 |
X
X
6.3 Comment / Analysis
No official policies do exist for obtaining governmental information on chemical management.
Information is merely provided on an ad hoc basis. Several industries, mostly multi-national
companies, provide information to the government about the management, production, import and
monitoring of chemicals. This is often done when a special commission is installed and data
collected, or upon request of the government.
The development and implementation of a comprehensive national chemicals management
program could work towards the capacity building of experts, strengthen infrastructure in order to
improve data access, and improve partnerships with the private sector. The government should also
consider economic instruments for the increase and improvement of expertise in chemical
management and environmental health and safety issues. The role of organizations and NGOs in
chemical management needs to be considered, as well as the mainstreaming of chemical
management in the sector.
71 |
7 Inter-ministerial commissions and coordinating mechanisms
7.1 Description of inter-ministerial commissions and coordinating mechanisms
The government of Suriname established various inter-ministerial commissions and coordinating
mechanisms in order to develop a more integrated national approach to chemicals management.
This is because various governmental institutions and private sector have links to chemical
management that encompass a broad range of risks and issues. Through the exchange of
information between the government and the private sector, more coordination of activities takes
place, which can even lead to the development of strategies for national chemical management.
So far, two inter-ministerial commissions have been established which deal with chemical
management. These two inter-departmental commissions are the Monitoring Commision Rosebel
Gold Mining and the National Commission for Chemical Management (NCC); the Ministry of ATM is a
member of these commissions and takes the lead in the NCC. Inter-departmental commissions are
primarily set up by the ministry that initiated the establishment of the commission. The interdepartmental commission has specific responsibilities and tasks. The legislative mandate is a
ministerial order for a certain period.
The inter-departemental commissions established within the period 2005 – 2010 which are related
to chemical management are described as follows:
1. National Coordination Commission for Chemical Management
Type of mechanism
Inter-ministerial commission
Established in June 1, 2007
Continued until June 1, 2011
Scope of issue and chemicals
To guide and monitor the POP’s project, to develop a national action plan for mercury
contamination and a national strategy for dangerous chemicals and waste; to identify synergies
between the Rotterdam Convention, Basel Convention and Montreal Protocol.
Parties
Ministry of ATM, OW, HI, LVV, VG; NIMOS; ADEKUvS and the Society for Suriname Businesses.
Working procedures
Meetings are held on a monthly basis and are coordinated by the Ministry of ATM
Diagnosis of weakness
Lack of environmental legislation
72 |
2. ROSEBEL monitoring commission
Type of mechanism
Established in: 2006
Continued until: indefinite
Gold mining activities are monitored, including rehabilitation and chemicals used in the mining
process.
Parties
Ministry of ATM, NH, Finance, RO; NIMOS; GMD and NCCR
Working procedures
There is a monthly meeting with the mining company. The use and disposal of chemicals is
monitored by NIMOS in collaboration with the Ministry of ATM and NCCR
Lack of financial funding for the commission
Only visional monitoring takes place
3. National Commission for Structuring the Gold Mining Sector
Type of mechanism
Established in: 20th December 2010, by the President of the Republic of Suriname, D.D.Bouterse
Continued until: indefinite
Development of integrated policy for the gold mining sector; registration of gold mining (smallmedium scale) companies; inventory of gold mining areas and gold pools; assessment of the
environmental, health and safety as well as socio-economic aspects; introduction of tax
mechanisms; communication with all relevant stakeholders.
Parties
Ministry of ATM, Ministry of NH, Ministry of Defense, Ministry of FIN, Ministry of RO, Ministry of
JusPol, Ministry of HI, Ministry of BIZA, & Ministry of VG
Working procedures
The commission will execute activities in order to organize the gold mining sector. An advice team
will help the commission with the coordination of the activities. However, elaboration of activities
will take place by taking the research results into account.
73 |
No information
Other governmental institutions with coordinating mechanisms related to chemical management are
the following: NIMOS, BIS, NCCR and BOG
4. NIMOS
Type of mechanism
Institution
The environmental monitoring, enforcement and legal department prepares environmental
standards and rules for different chemicals and monitors the compliance.
Parties
The staff of the environmental monitoring and enforcement department NIMOS, and all relevant
ministries and governmental institutions.
Working procedures
Standards and guidelines for chemicals are prepared based on the departments’ past experience or
on national standards and guidelines, and existing national and/or international information and
awareness raising.
Lack of monitoring equipment; only visual monitoring takes place
5. Bauxite Institute Suriname
Type of mechanism
Institution
All bauxite processing activities of the multi-national mining companies in Suriname are monitored
by the institute. Different chemicals are used or may be released during the processing activities.
Parties
Staff institute, multi-national mining companies
Working procedures
Depending on the issues, BIS collaborates with relevant stakeholders to monitor chemical
management of bauxite mining industries that consider measures to prevent environmental
pollution.
Lack of monitoring equipment; only visional monitoring takes place.
74 |
6. NCCR
Type of mechanism
Institutional
NCCR is under the Ministry of Defense, and is responsible for disaster preparedness and prevention.
NCCR is also the central point for disaster relief in Suriname.
NCCR works with and coordinates the work of other various departments, disaster relief service
providers and agencies on a daily basis. Concerning the act Regional Body, the District Commissioner
plays a leading role regarding disasters. The initial first-response in disasters remains under all
circumstances the responsibility of different departments (fire corps, coast guard, medical services,
etc.).
Parties
NCCR staff, relevant ministries and governmental institutions.
Working procedures
Depending on the issues, NCCR collaborates with relevant stakeholders in order to monitor and
analyze social trends to identify potential disasters and crises, develop and appropriately establish
quality standards in the areas of crisis and disaster management, as well as to encourage and
facilitate the responsible partner in safety and to ensure a comprehensive approach to protect
critical infrastructure. NCCR acts as the coordinator and facilitator in crisis and disaster management
for crises and disasters - including those related to or caused by chemicals.
No information
7. BOG
Type of mechanism
Institutional
The BOG executes public health programs regard on the use of pesticides and chemicals, which are
vector control, and also facilitates laboratory testing as well as advises the DC regarding permits.
Parties
BOG staff, relevant ministries and governmental institutions.
Working procedures
BOG monitors chemicals management in Suriname according to its task description. Depending on
the scope of the issues, BOG collaborates with relevant stakeholders to monitor chemical
management activities.
Lack of adequate storage for pesticides for vectors control
Lack of facilities for disposal/destruction of obsolete chemical and pesticides
75 |
7.2 Input from non-governmental bodies
Non-governmental organizations are actively working on the execution of activities that contribute
to the development of Suriname. The Ministry of JusPol, the state agency responsible for
maintaining the nation’s civil registries, determines the legal recognition of a NGO through a review
of the organization’s by-laws and statutes. After approval from the President’s Cabinet, the NGO is
registered and its name is then published in the government newspaper; the NGO is therefore
officially granted its legal status. However, there is no legislation or regulation on how NGOs are
financed.58 There are numerous NGOs working in the field of environment, social development and
health. They operate autonomously from government, but often form partnerships with the
government, other NGOs, the private sector and societies. Until now, WWF is the only NGO that has
a clear linkage with chemical management, which is described as follows:
1. WWF
WWF is a non-governmental organization dealing with environment issues, such as sustainable
development, pollution reduction and climate change. WWF Guianas understands the severity of the
impact of gold mining. Therefore, training, awareness, research and introducing new technology are
important activities WWF implements in the Guianas. Activities conducted during the last few years
are:
I.
Training on mining with specific emphasis on environmental management and proper
practices
II.
Assisting miners to find and use alternatives for mercury in the gold production process
III.
Executing environmental awareness programs and education in Mahdia, Guyana, in order to
heighten people’s awareness and promote changes into their practices related to land,
water and biodiversity conservation
IV.
Assessment and analysis of the gold mining situation in the Brownsberg Area, Suriname, in
order to develop a map and baseline of the social impacts. This information is necessary to
guide WWF in developing projects
V.
Research in gold-mining-affected areas focusing on the neurotically damaging consequences
of methyl mercury poisoning by fish consumption in schoolchildren of Brownsberg
VI.
Brinckheuvel expedition in Suriname with the objective to observe and compile an inventory
of mining or other human activity related to forestry or biodiversity in this reserve
VII.
Remote sensing for the analyses of gold mining activities in the Guianas
VIII.
An evaluation of the situation and main obstacles to improved gold tracing produced in
French Guiana titled: ‘From Mine to Showcase’.
58
United Nations, 2004; Public Administration Country Profile. Division for Public Administration and Development
Management (DPADM). Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA).
76 |
Type of mechanism
Institution
Training, awareness, research and introduction of new technology in order to reduce the impacts of
gold mining on the environment.
Parties
Relevant ministries and government institutions, relevant associations and the public.
Working procedures
Training and introduction of new technology are executed in the Guianas. Research on mercury
contamination on the environment and human health.
No information
7.3 Comment /Analysis
The existing inter-ministerial coordinating mechanism is to ensure coordination of all national
activities concerned with chemicals and hazardous waste management. However, ineffectiveness
has been noticed due to the following reasons:
1. Lack of experts on chemical management.
2. Inadequate staff. Often the same officers are included in various activities, which can result
in poor execution of activities.
3. No strong links with governmental institutions and relevant stakeholders.
4. No effective structure to exchange data or information on a regular basis.
5. No sufficient tools for monitoring.
6. Weak online data access.
7. Lack of finance.
Governmental institutions and relevant stakeholders need to improve their effectiveness by
institutional strengthening, capacity building of officers and online data access. In addition, a strong
collaboration is needed in order to develop a complete composition of the coordinating mechanisms
to cover the whole life cycle of chemical management. It is recommended to establish a permanent
coordinating mechanism for making decisions and forming policies and plans across all sectors, as
well as overseeing all activities. However, this challenging recommendation needs to consider the
optimum use of the limited staff members, which can lead to a bureaucratic entity.
WWF Guianas focuses on the use of mercury and introduction of new technology in order to reduce
the impact of gold mining on the environment. There are no other NGOs focusing on chemical
management. Other parties, such as private laboratories or the university, can be part of this
mechanism; however, financial constraints need to be considered to expand their options.
77 |
8. Data access and use
8.1 Availability of data for national chemicals management
Data for national chemical management are in most cases available at governmental institutions and
relevant organizations and the private sector. However, not all data are registered and sufficient.
The Ministry of ATM and NIMOS, Customs Department, the Import, Export and Foreign Exchange
Division of the Ministry of HI, the Ministry of VG and BOG, as well as the Ministry of LVV, possess
data on national chemical management on various levels. These levels vary from import, export, use,
registration, classification, chemical wastes, inventories, and risk assessments, to audits and
awareness of chemicals. An overview on whether data is available is presented in table 8.1. The
availability of data is ranked using the following abbreviations:
•
•
•
sufficient (s), which means that data is adequate; there is enough data to fulfill a need;
insufficient (i), which means that data is inadequate; there is not enough data to fulfill a
need
unknown (unknown), which means that it is not known whether the data exists, or the
status of the data is not known.
Table 8.1 Overview of the quantity and quality of data is available for different decision-making
activities required under the legal instruments.
Data needed for/to
Pesticides
Industrial
Consumer
Chemical Wastes
Chemicals
Chemicals
s
s
s
S
Priority Setting
i
i
i
I
Access chemicals impact
under local conditions
i
i
i
I
Risk Assessment
(environmental health)
s
Not all products are Not all products are I
Classification/ labeling
Registration
s
labeled in Dutch
s
labeled in Dutch
s
Licensing
Permitting
Risk reduction decisions
Accident
preparedness/response
s
s
s
Unknown. However, large
-medium scale companies
and
multi-national
companies register their
chemical waste.
I
s
s
s
I
i
i
i
I
s
s
u
Poisoning control
Emissions inventories
Inspections and audits
Information to workers
Information to public
s
i
u
Unknown. However, large
-medium scale companies
and
multi-national
companies
do
have
accident
preparedness
and response plans.
u
u
i
i
i
s
s
i
i
s
i
s
i
s
s. without considering
the perception of the
general public
s. without considering
the perception of the
general public
i
78 |
8.2 Location of National data
Most data and information can be accessed through ministries, governmental institutions, relevant
organizations and the private sector. Data can be obtained from these organizations through letters
of request. In some cases, data and information can be obtained from NGO’s and research
institutions for a fee. For example the Environmental Statistics Report of the General Statistic Bureau
of Suriname costs twenty five SRD. Other mechanisms used to obtain or exchange information
include relevant websites and electronic mail, newsletters, and government circulars. However,
there has not always been an efficient exchange and collection of data or information due to
minimal internet access and the lack of computers for internet usage at governmental institutions.
An indication of the type of data and the format is given in table 8.2. The format used is an
automated based or paper file. Most of these data can be accessed through the website of the
ministries. If the data is not accessible through their website, then a letter of request can be sent to
the head of the department of the specific ministry.
Table 8.2. Nature of the national data related to chemicals management
Type of Data
Production statistics
Import statistics
Export statistics
Chemical use statistics
Location(s)
Planning Bureau
ABS
Ministry of VG; BOG
Customs Office
ABS
Ministry of HI
Ministry of LVV
Ministry of VG
NIMOS
Customs Office
ABS
Ministry of HI
Ministry of VG
Bauxite Institute
NIMOS
BIS
Ministry of VG
Private sector
Ministry of ATM
Corps Police Suriname
data Ministry of ATM, AI
Industrial accidents reports
Transport accidents reports
Occupational
health
(Agricultural)
Occupational health data (industrial)
Poisoning statistics
Pollutant release and transfer
register
Hazardous waste data
Ministry of ATM, AI
Ministry of VG
NIMOS
Ministry of VG; BOG
NIMOS
NCCR
Register of import, use, handling of Ministry of LVV
pesticides and its waste
Register of toxic chemicals
NIMOS
Inventory of existing chemicals
Unknown
79 |
Format
Automated database
Automated database
Paper files
Automated database
Paper files
Automated database
Paper files
Automated database
Automated database
Automated database
Paper files
Paper files
Automated database
Paper files
Automated database
Type of Data
Register of import and export
Register of producers
PIC Decisions
Location(s)
Custom Department
Ministry of HI
Ministry of HI
Chamber of Commerce
Ministry of LVV
NIMOS
Ministry of VG
Format
Automated database
Paper files
Automated database
Paper files
8.3 Procedures for collecting and dissemination of national data
Chapter 4 of this document explains the restriction of the import and export of certain chemicals
where a license or certificate is obligatory. The data required for the import or export of these
chemicals is administrative data on the importer/exporter, supplier/customer data related to
chemicals management, and an exact description of the goods and the quantity. Governmental
institutions such as the Ministry of LVV, NIMOS and BOG are asked to provide advice on the
management of chemicals for example the transport, registration, storage and use of imported
chemicals. Afterwards, the data is submitted to the Division for Import, Export and Foreign Exchange
Control of the Ministry of HI in order to finalize the license for import or export. The license is
granted to the importer or exporter at time of approval by the Ministry of HI.
HCFC and CFC-containing apparatus are examples of chemical items which need a certificate from
the BOG in order to be imported. The data obtained need to be submitted by the importer to the
National Ozone Unit based in NIMOS. On the other hand, the custom officers or BOG monitor the
HCFC and CFC containing equipment by using the HCFC and CFC detection apparatus. The import
data are recorded by the customs department and NIMOS in accordance with the Montreal Protocol
in order to comply with the fixed quotas. Afterwards, import and export data on ozone depleting
substances are submitted to UNEP on a yearly basis. In most cases, the Ministry of LVV provides
advice regarding the import of pesticides. Overall, the pesticide department of the ministry of LVV
maintains data on imported pesticides in the country, and NIMOS maintains data on select industrial
chemicals imported into the country. The access to this relevant data is limited to government
authorities.
For chemicals without a restriction, a license on the import and export is needed and does not
require certification from BOG, NIMOS and the Ministry of LVV. However, a description of the goods
and the quantities needs to be added and submitted at the Division for Import, Export and Foreign
Exchange Control of the Ministry of HI.
There is a mechanism in place to monitor and prevent the diversion of pharmaceutical products,
which is applicable to health professionals and entities authorized to handle these products. The
pharmaceutical inspector of the Ministry of VG is the competent authority responsible for
coordinating activities related to the control of pharmaceutical products. The responsibilities of the
pharmaceutical inspector of the Ministry of VG in the commercial sector include import/export
control, license control, monitoring distribution, inspection, administrative sanctions, registry of
licensees and registry of quantities of pharmaceutical products sold. In the health care sector,
80 |
responsibilities include license control, monitoring distribution and prescriptions, inspection,
administrative sanctions and the transfer of unusual cases detected by administrative authorities to
judicial authorities. The access of data on the management of pharmaceutical is limited to
government authorities.
At this moment it is unknown whether data on health effects of chemicals are maintained. However,
the National Health Information System (NHIS) unit and the BOG at the Ministry of VG are the major
receivers for national health data analyses and dissemination. Most of the health data and
information reaches the NHIS unit through the reports of the BOG (which maintains health data and
analytical unit in the ministry of VG), the medical registration of the hospitals, the Regional Health
Services and the Medical Mission, and professional health associations. An assessment of the
Suriname health information system was conducted in April 2007 by Byron Crape. In this report, it is
mentioned that health and disease records generally lack mapping and geographic information
systems on some risks and diseases, both for analysis and for presentation purposes. Dissemination
of data is weak and often limited to routine reports, and is not always easily accessible in a timely
manner. The health service information system does not include the private sector, lacks
monitoring, evaluation and feedback systems, and does not provide capacity building for the
personnel who contribute to the health service information system. Fragmentation of such records
within public services, direct and contracted, is substantial. Through this assessment, the lack of data
about health effects on the national level is evident. However, in June 2009, BOG published a report
on the causes of deaths in Suriname in 2007. This report gives an overview of chemical and
pesticide-related suicides in 2007.
Furthermore, the Labour Inspection of the Division Medical Bureau of the Ministry of ATM is
responsible for the execution of preparatory research for the committee on accidents and the
update of statistics regarding (fatal) accidents. However, no reports on these data have been
published publicly.
In addition, multi-national companies and national large and middle-scale industrials maintain a
register of material safety data sheets which provide information on chemicals that are used in
production processes. Often health departments are established within mentioned companies which
collect data on the health of employees, and in most cases relate it to the use of chemicals. Some
companies publish these data in monthly and yearly reports for the government.
Overall, there are no clear mechanisms for the collection and dissemination of data to governmental
institutions and relevant organizations for the purpose of supporting the development and
improvement of chemical management in Suriname.
8.4 Availability of international literature
There is international literature related to chemical management available from governmental
institutions, relevant stakeholders and the private sector. Through the internet, literature can be
readily accessible to everyone, as well as the library of the organization or (governmental) officers in
charge of chemical management. However, there is often minimal internet access and a lack of
computers for internet usage at governmental institutions, a fact that must be considered when
relying solely on data from the websites. An overview of available international literature in the
country is presented in table 8.3. Most of these data can be accessed through the website of the
81 |
ministries. If the data is not accessible through their website, then a written request can be sent to
the head of the department of the specific ministry. Nowadays, a lot of international information is
available on the websites of the individual organizations.
Table 8.3. Location of literature related to chemicals management
Literature
Chemical Safety Data Sheets (Industry)
Other ILO Guidelines and Conventions
Environmental Health Criteria Documents (WHO)
Health and Safety Guides (WHO)
International Chemical Safety Data Cards (IPCS/EU)
Decision Guidance Documents for PIC Chemicals (FAO/UNEP)
FAO/WHO Pesticides Safety Data Sheets
Documents form FAO/WHO Joint Meeting on Pesticides Residues
OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals
Good Laboratory Practice Principles
Good Manufacturing Practice Principles
WHO/UNEP Global Environmental Library
Locations
Ministry of ATM
AI
NIMOS
CASAS
Private Sector
Ministry of ATM
Ministry of VG
Ministry of LVV
Ministry of VG
NIMOS
Private Sector
Ministry of LVV
Ministry of LVV
Ministry of LVV
Unknown
NIMOS
BOG
Ministry of LVV
Laboratories
Private Sector
Private Sector
Private Sector
8.5 National information exchange systems
Information exchange between ministries and governmental institutions takes place in order to
exchange national information on chemicals management. ABS produces biannual environmental
statistics which display data related to chemical management. Libraries from various ministries,
governmental institutions and relevant organizations have information on chemical management
which is available to the public. However, not all data is up to date, and sensitive information is not
readily available. Often multinationals have an agreement with governmental institutions, and must
exchange information on chemical management on a monthly basis. Therefore, a desk research is
executed and preparation for onsite monitoring can be done by the government. Until now, only the
inventory of ozone depleting substances such as HCFCs and CFCs is exchanged with UNEP in order to
comply with the Montreal Protocol.
82 |
8.6 Comments / Analysis
Although information and databases on chemical management are not always readily accessible,
information exists in various formats at various ministries and organizations. There is a need to
coordinate and systemize data in order to make the data and information user-friendly, accessible
and compatible with systems that are already available on the website and at the libraries of the
ministries, ABS and the libraries of organizations and private sector. A mechanism should be
established in order to obtain data from the private sector regarding chemical management, but the
GoS must assure strict adherence to confidentiality on the information that they provide. Overall,
there is a need for a national mechanism and body to collect and disseminate data, considering that
public access to relevant information would increase awareness on chemical management.
83 |
9. Laboratories
9.1 Overview of laboratory infrastructure
With an increase in import, export and use of chemicals, there is a subsequent need to carry out
analytical tests on the monitoring of various (hazardous) chemicals in order to know the type of
chemical, their quantities and properties in the environment. Suriname has various laboratories that
can support programs and policies for chemical management. In 2001, NIMOS conducted a survey
on laboratory facilities in Suriname; this survey identified specific areas of improvement for
laboratories, which are: technical support services for maintenance of equipment, calibration of
equipment, standards for reference tests, continuous upgrading of laboratory personnel, safety and
waste management and the supply of inputs and chemicals. Annex 4 gives an overview of the
survey. No update of laboratories was done after this survey.
Some of the laboratories have been upgraded. These laboratories are: the chemical laboratory of the
ADEKUVS, the laboratory of CELOS and the Central Laboratory of the Ministry of VG. Since 16
February 2011, the microbiological/veterinary laboratory of the Centre for Agricultural Research in
Suriname (CELOS) and the chemical and the environmental laboratory of the Faculteit der
Technologische Wetenschappen (Faculty of Technological Sciences (FTeW)) have been in possession
of the ISO 9001:2008 certificate for quality management. With regard to the Ministry of VG, the
Central Laboratory of BOG was also rehabilitated and opened in September 2010. It consists of 4
components: the bacteriological laboratory, chemical laboratory, parasitological laboratory and
entomological laboratory. Further, one company, Nana Resources, invested in establishing an
independent laboratory called ‘Fi Laboratory Suriname’. This independent laboratory has been set
up in association with a French company mainly for the implementation of tests for mining. It is not
known whether this laboratory is certified. Current information of well-known laboratories is
available and presented in the table 9.1.
9.2 Overview of government information systems/computer capabilities
A rapid development in telecommunications is apparent in Suriname, where, besides the Telesur
Company, which is the national telecommunications company, Digicel and Uniqa also invested in
Suriname in order to sell their products and services. Through these new developments and
improvements in telecommunications more opportunities are being created, such as online learning
and better information access and sharing about chemical management. Ministries involved in
chemicals management make use of this opportunity to obtain information on chemical
management using international databases, and also improve their communications through emails
with other ministries, relevant organizations and the private sector.
However, it is noteworthy that there are often insufficient computers available for the staff of these
ministries and governmental institutions. Often internet access is only provided at a small number of
computers for a large staff. There as yet no wireless connection availability at the ministries.
84 |
Table 9.1 Current information on certain laboratories
Questions
Central Laboratory of BOG,
Ministry of VG
Is the lab certified?
Do you consider with
Good
Laboratory
Practices
Staff
Do you need more
personnel?
Type of analyses:
Human
Plant
Animal
Soil
Water
Air
Food
Specific
chemicals
such as mercury
Specific substances
POPs
Other
Methods use in the
laboratory:
Gaschromatography
Liquid
chromatography
AAS
Flame
and
Graphite furnace
Chemical and environmental
laboratory of the ADEKUvS
Laboratory of the Centre of
Environmental Research of
the ADEKUvS
We’re in the process of certification
of ISO9001:2008. The external audit
takes place in the end of April 2011.
Yes. However, new procedures need
to be developed for our new and
sensitive apparatus.
Yes, ISO9001:2008
No
Yes.
Yes.
Scientific: 1 (university degree)
Technical: 6 (5MBO and 1HBO)
Staff: 3
1 Quality Manager
Scientific: 1
Technical: 1
Yes for an extra analyst of HBO level
and one for supporting the
administrative processes.
Yes, specialised in GC-MS
Yes. One chemical analyst with a
chemical analyst degree and one
quality manager
Yes, forensic and toxicological
Quality control
Quality control
Hg and other heavy metals
Chemical analyses
Quality
Yes, will be expand in the future
Yes. Hg considering Lumex
Hg
Hg
Hg
Quality, Hg, BOD, COD etc.
Hg
-
Soon, if we are act on new analyzers
Pesticides and drugs
Asbest
Yes in the future considering GC-MS
-
-
GC with MSD, FID and ECD detection
HPLC/MS
Yes
-
-
AFS/AAS mercury Analyzer
-
AAS
Other
Wet
techniques,
UV/VIS
spectrophotometry,
thin
layer
chromatography
Spectrophotometry, gravimetric etc.
Spectrophotometry, Colorimetry
titrate, Dry methods, combustion
method.
Status
of
the
apparatus
Waste management
New
Good
Good
-
Waste is stored in containers and
reused after distillation if possible.
Other
needed
Development of human resources,
elaboration on the analysing
potential which is present due to
new apparatus
-
Selection of waste based on
content; waste which cannot be
destroyed is stored and later
inventoried. Disposal of diluted
wastewater takes place with
substances that does not have
effect on the environment.
The laboratory needs a Hydra Prep
for the Hg analyzer which is not
yet in use. Investment in safety
and storage.
85 |
investment
9.3 Overview of technical training and education programs
It is not known how much expertise on chemical management is available in Suriname. However,
many training and education programs are provided by the government and at the educational level.
Pre-university schools, teachers’ institutes, technical schools and the university also aim at providing
technical expertise in the field of chemistry, environmental sciences and toxicology; such expertise
can be used to implement government policies and programs related to chemicals management.
These programs will benefit from structured collaboration with other regional and international
institutions to improve their quality. At present no continued education programs are locally
provided in the field of chemicals management.
Tabel 9.2 Overview of institutions provided expertise in chemical management
Name
Training/course/ Department
ADEKUvS
1.Faculty of Technological Sciences:
• BSc. in Environmental Sciences
• BSc. in Agricultural Production
• BSc. in Geology and Mining
• MSc. in Sustainable management of Natural
Resources
2.Faculty of Medical Sciences
3. Institute for Graduate Studies and Research:
• MSc. in Public Health
Instituut voor Leraren Opleiding (Institute 1. BSc. Health Education
for the Education of Teachers)
2. Chemistry
Natuur Technisch Instituut (Nature Technical 1. Medical and Chemical analyst courses
Institute)
2. Agriculture
3. Mining
4. Process technology
With the upgrading of laboratories, it is apparent that improvements have been made regarding the
infrastructure of laboratories. Still, the expansion of industrial activities in Suriname needs to match
the sufficient capacity for chemical testing. Also, chemical waste and lack of expertise remain issues
that need to be dealt with. It is important to update the last laboratory survey of 2001 conducted by
NIMOS, in order to have an updated overview of the status of laboratories. Regulatory tasks,
improvement of coordination in the field of laboratory management and communication will be key
challenges of the government.
To improve the quality of existing technical training and education programs as well as to increase
the number of new experts in the field of chemicals management at pre- and university level,
regional and international collaboration will be useful. There is a need for continued education
programs, which are not available at the moment. In addition, specific training programs aimed at
government employees and young professionals in the field of chemicals management are needed
to improve the implementation of government policies and programs. The use of online learning
with existing ICT improvements needs to be seriously considered.
86 |
10. International linkages
Suriname is signatory to a number of international conventions and treaties which concern the
management of chemicals and/or hazardous wastes. The national focal point for these
conventions/treaties is at different ministries and agencies. There are also international
organizations and programs that are specifically connected to some ministries and/or agencies.
However, there are situations in which international organizations, activities and programs require
the involvement of different ministries and agencies. This will certainly be the case when Suriname
upgrades its chemicals management structure.
The main chemical-related conventions ratified by Suriname are the MARPOL Convention, the
Rotterdam Convention and the Chemical Weapons Convention. Recently, on 15 February 2011, both
the Basel Convention and the Stockholm Convention were approved by the DNA.
In an attempt to streamline the control and management of chemicals, ensure sustainable
consumption patterns and prevent adverse effects of chemicals on human health and the
environment, Suriname adopted voluntary guidelines, such as the FAO Guidelines for the
Distribution of Pesticides in International Trade, and promulgated national legislation on pesticides.
10.1 Co-operation and involvement with international organizations, bodies and
agreements
The linkages with international organizations which the country is benefiting from, particularly those
dealing with chemicals management include:
•
receiving international support, both financial and technical, through UN agencies such as
UNEP, (IRPTC), FAO, UNITAR, UNIDO and ILO, to address relevant issues on chemicals
management
• receiving relevant documents, literature and information from collaborating countries and
organizations, including UN organizations such as UNEP(IRPTC), FAO, UNITAR, UNIDO, ILO,
INMO, WHO, on measures/actions to take in addressing chemical management problems
• receiving guidance documents and information on technologies used to reduce chemical
risks at the local level.
The involvement of ministries and other governmental institutions in international activities and
agreements is listed in table 10.1 and 10.2 .
Table 10.1 Membership International Organizations, Programmes and Bodies
International Organization/
National Focal Point
Other Ministries/
Body/Activity
(Ministry/Agency & Primary
Agencies Involved
Contact Point)
Intergovernmental Forum on VG
ATM
Chemical Safety
LVV
UNEP
IRPTC-Nat Correspondent
IE/PAC-Cleaner Prod Center
87 |
ATM
VG
LVV
International Organization/
Body/Activity
IPCS
National Focal Point
(Ministry/Agency & Primary
Contact Point)
VG
PAHO/WHO
VG
FAO
LVV
UNIDO
Unknown
ILO
ATM
World Bank
FIN
IDB
FIN
Caribbean
Bank
Other Ministries/
Agencies Involved
BOG
AI
Development
CARICOM
HI
BUZA
BUZA
ACTO
BUZA
Table 10.2 Participation International Agreements/Procedures Related to Chemicals management
International Agreements
Primary
Responsible
Agency
Related National Implementation Activities
UNEP London Guidelines
(voluntary procedure)
FAO Code of Conduct
(voluntary procedure)
LVV
Vienna Convention on the
Protection of the Ozone
Layer (1985)
NIMOS
88 |
Montreal Protocol on
Substances that Deplete the
Ozone Layer (1987) and
Primary
Responsible
Agency
ATM/ NIMOS
Trainings programme phasing out of CFC products:
The following activities are proposed to be
implemented through the TPMP terminal CFC
phase-out management plan ( project:
(a) Facilitating the sustained phase out of CFCs
beyond 2010 through training and
enforcement of the ODS regulations;
(b) Technical assistance to provide tool kits for
service technicians and strengthen training
facilities; and
(c) Project monitoring, evaluation and reporting.
ILO Convention 13: Use of
Lead in White Painting
(1921)
ATM
Enforcement of occupational health and safety
regulation
ILO Convention 42:
Workmens Compensation
(Occupational disease,
revised) (1934)
ILO Convention 62: Safety
Provisions (Building) (1937)
UN Recommendation for
Transport of Dangerous
Goods
GATT/WTO Agreements
(related to chemicals trade)
HI
Convention on the
Prohibition of the
Development, Production,
Stockpiling and Use of
Chemical Weapons and Their
Destruction (1992)
DEF
89 |
Training workshop 1997
Defense
Strategic
Planning and
Training
Department
United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate
Change
Primary
Responsible
Agency
ATM
-
-
Kyoto Protocol
ATM
Awareness activities in 2005 (documentary,
brochures, information kits for schoolteachers
and journalists).
Second National Communication
is in
preparation
Draft Climate Change Action Plan developed
for the Coastal area
A Climate Change action plan for the interior
is under preparation
The market-based mechanisms established under
Kyoto, including the Clean Development
Mechanism became fully operational. The Clean
development mechanism (CDM) is relevant for
Suriname.
In this regard the project CD4CDM was
implemented in 2008-2010. Training was given to
project developers and promotional material was
developed.
Rotterdam Convention on
the Prior Informed Consent
Procedure for Certain
Hazardous Chemicals and
Pesticides in International
Trade (1998)
LVV
Exchange of Information: Prior to export of certain
chemicals, the receiving country is notified and
should respond that it is aware that a certain
chemical is arriving. Although the ministry of ATM
is the focalpoint, it is the ministry of LVV who is
responsible for the technicalities under this
convention when it regards the import of
pesticides.
International Maritime
Organization
TCT (MAS)
Maritime Pollution Law is drafted
Convention for the
Prevention of Pollution from
Ships [MARPOL], Annexes I
to V (1973/ 1978)
90 |
Stockholm Convention on
Persistent Organic Pollutants
(2001)
91 |
Primary
Responsible
Agency
ATM
Suriname is in the process of developing a
National Plan for the implementation of the
Stockholm Convention with financial assistance
from GEF and under guidance of the UNDP. This is
being executed under the project “INITIAL
ASSISTANCE TO ENABLE SURINAME TO FULFILL ITS
OBLIGATIONS
UNDER
THE
STOCKHOLM
CONVENTION
ON
PERSISTANT
ORGANIC
POLLUTANTS (POPs).
National capabilities to effectively link international programmes with a national strategy for sound
chemical management are limited so far. As such, the numbers of national implementation activities
of international agreements that have been undertaken in this region are relatively few.
In the absence of a national strategy for the proper chemicals management and the lack of an
appropriate co-ordination mechanism on the national level, the implementation of international
activities and agreements in the area of chemicals management is not effective as it could be and is
often focused on the programme activities of the individual ministries. However, on an ad-hoc basis,
there is consultation about these activities between the different ministries and/or their agencies
involved in chemical safety, particularly health, environment, labor and agriculture, and other
relevant ministries.
Suriname’s collaboration with several United Nations specialized agencies involved in chemical
safety, such as the FAO, ILO, PAHO/WHO and UNEP, has been successful in promoting several
initiatives in this field in the country. At the moment, the country is in the process of developing a
national strategy for the sound management of chemicals, and gradually honing its national
capabilities to effectively link international programmes with the strategy. This process can benefit
from technical support and a good co-ordination of activities in the field of chemical safety of the
international agencies in the country, by making optimum use of the limited local human resources.
92 |
11. Awareness/understanding of workers and the public
11.1 Working environment
In general, employees are obliged under law to comply with occupational health and safety
regulations, which are included in different legal instruments. According to the instructions of
specific regulations, information about import, production and processing, safety handling, and
storage and disposal of chemicals, should be provided and workers in the industry should be aware
of this information. Information is disseminated to the workers on a regular basis within industries
that have to comply with international environmental, occupational health and safety regulations.
Proper information distribution is less frequent in medium to small industries, and in the informal
sector, compliance with the law is often missing.
11.2 Awareness and education
Several initiatives have been undertaken to disseminate information about the use, environmental,
health and safety issues of specific chemicals, e.g. mercury, asbestos, and groups of chemicals, e.g.
pesticides, POPs, to the general public. These initiatives were undertaken by the government, the
private sector or by NGOs. This was done through the use mass media, workshops and specific
training sessions. The Vlaamse Interuniversitaire Raad (VLIR) program of the ADEKUVS also makes
use of international collaboration in assisting laboratories to implement Good Laboratory Practices
in the use and disposal of chemicals. The ADEKUVS also began to certify its laboratories for quality
and it intends to extend this to environmental certification. In the informal sector, e.g. small and
medium scale gold mining, some projects and information sessions were conducted to make
workers aware about safety and environmental issues involving chemical use.
11.3 Comment/ Analysis
Although environmental education is not yet fully incorporated into the curricula of primary and
secondary schools, awareness is still raised on the safety of specific chemical use. This is mostly done
by NGOs that implement different projects on environmental education. Chemistry courses are
taught at higher vocational institutions, such as the NATIN and Voorbereidend Wetenschappelijk
Onderwijs (Pre-University Education (Highschool) (VWO)). At the university level, education involving
chemical use is incorporated into two programs: environmental science (bachelor level) and public
health (masters level).
93 |
12. Resources available and needed for chemical management
12. 1 Resources available and needed in government ministries and institutions
The number of existing human resources available within ministries is described in table 12.1.
However, it must be mentioned that staff with expertise often leaves the government to pursue
better jobs, and that the numbers presented in table 12.1 are estimations.
Table 12.1 Human resources available at ministries
Ministry/Agency Concerned
Number of
professional
staff
Labor, Technology,
25
Environment (Environmental Section,
Labor Inspection, Medical Bureau,
NIMOS)
Agriculture (Pesticide and Education 3
Department)
Natural Resources
3
Type of Expertise
Available
Environmental Sciences,
Jurists, Physician, Medical
Doctor
Agricultural Sciences
Geologist, Environmental
Sciences,
Specialized Staff
Chemist, Public Health
Inspector,
Toxicologist,
Environmental sciences
Public Health (Toxicology Focal Point,
Bureau of Public Health: Environmental
Inspection and Sanitation Department,
Central Laboratory)
6
Trade and Industry (Import, Export
and Foreign Control Department, Firm
Licenses Department)
Finance (Customs Department)
Public
Works
(Waste Disposal
Department)
Justice and Police (Legal Department,
Fire Department (Prevention and
Training)
Foreign Affairs
Other (National Centre for Disaster
Control (NCCR), Port Authority)
4
Specialized Staff
5
1
Customs officers, Jurists
Specialized Staff
5
Chief
Inspector,
Firefighters/Disaster
Managers, Jurists
International Affairs
Disaster Manager, Safety
Officers,
Environmental
Sciences
94 |
2
Circa 3 - 10
Financial
Resources
Available
P
U
B
L
I
C
F
U
N
D
S
12.2 Resources needed by the government institution
An overview of training requirements is presented in table 12.2. These requirements are needed in
order to fullfil an efficient national chemical management system in Suriname.
ATM (Environmental
Section, Labour
Inspection, Medical
Bureau, NIMOS)
4
LVV (Pesticide and
Education Department)
NH
2
VG (Toxicology Focal Point,
BOG: Environmental
Inspection and Sanitation
Department, Central
Laboratory)
HI (Import, Export and
Foreign Control
Department, Firm
Licenses Department)
FIN (Customs
Department)
OW (Waste Disposal
Department)
JusPol (Legal
Department, Fire
Department (Prevention
and Training)
BUZA
Other ( NCCR, Port
Authority)
95 |
Health and Sfaethy
Gloabally HS for
classification and
assessment
Risk communication
Risk assessment
Data collection and
management
Chemical management
Table 12.2 Resources needed by the government institutions to fulfil responsibilities to chemical
management.
Ministry/Agency
Number of
Concerned
specialized
staff
needed
2
5
2
4
2
2
2
4
12.3 Comment/Analysis
According to table 12.1 and 12.2, most ministries have enough human resources for chemical
management, while some ministries still lack capacity (Ministries of OW, RO, Education and TCT)). To
achieve national chemical management, all ministries should have enough human resources trained
in this field. Specific training in risk assessment and communication, the use of GHS, health and
safety aspects are also required for certain institutions. Beside chemical managers, supportive staff,
e.g. field officers, is also needed to complete the work more efficiently. It is mandatory that human
resources are kept updated on new insights into environmental, health and safety issues of chemical
use.
Implementing a national coordinating mechanism will ensure that all human resources are used
efficiently and that chemical management is effective in all sectors. This will make enforcement of
laws and regulations more effective. However, this mechanism is still lacking among the government
agencies and government.
In conclusion, a national coordinating mechanism, including sufficient human capacity, is needed for
effective chemical management in Suriname. Human capacity should be sufficient and, ideally,
equipped with enough skills to tackle the work.
96 |
Appendices
97 |
Annex 1. Data on GDP, jobs and exports respectively by sector and major categories59
Suriname Gross Domestic Product by Sectors of a Origin at Constant Prices
59
IMF Suriname Country Report of May 2008
98 |
Number of Jobs by Sector
Exports by major categories
99 |
Annex 2. Lists of imports and exports of chemicals in 2005
Year
Year
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Netto in kg
Value in U$D
Insecticides, rodenticides, fungicides, herbicides, antisprouting products and plant-growth regulators, disinfectants
and similar products, put up in forms or packings for retail
sale or as preparations or articles (for example, sulphurtreated bands, wicks and candles, and fly-papers).
1769864.58
1831938.32
1970403.73
60
41402083.21
3845078.56
12338869.67
13379473.05
14905116.79
20417891.92
21454560.85
Animal or vegetable fertilizers, whether or not mixed together
or chemically treated; fertilizers produced by the mixing or
chemical treatment of animal or vegetable products.Mineral
or chemical fertilizers, nitrogenous.Mineral or chemical
fertilizers, phosphatic.Mineral or chemical fertilizers,
potassic.Mineral or chemical fertilizers containing two of
three of the fertilizing elements nitrogen, phosphorus and
potassium; other fertilizers; goods of this Chapter in tablets or
similar forms or in packages of a gross weight not exceeding
10 kg.
12137261.64
18740962.15
15271003.88
48565206.44
770247.00
13195526.87
24019132.57
20670544.61
37604100.71
851287.15
Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals,
other than crude; preparations not elsewhere specified or
included, containing by weight 70% or more of petroleum oils
or of oils obtained from bituminous minerals, these oils being
the basic constituents of the preparations; waste oils.
280579451.19
267291308.11
215688933.51
229066243.69
260822915.37
452418829.92
514624915.7
439882988.32
531395452.77
575941758.69
2801 – 2805
Fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.Hydrogen, rare gases
and other non-metals.Alkali or alkaline-earth metals; rareearth metals, scandium and yttrium, whether or not
intermixed or inter-alloyed; mercury.
47173.85
74476.8
84329.76
55649.34
290939.81
253385.98
368356.48
468590.8
495051.06
1072229.31
2806 – 2810
Hydrogen chloride (hydrochloric acid); chlorosulphuric acid.
Sulphuric acid; oleum. Diphosphorus pentaoxide; phosphoric
acid; polyphosphoric acids, whether or not chemically
defined. Nitric acid; sulphonitric acids. Oxides of boron; boric
acids.
571160.99
683240.95
681410.67
592924.54
526447.56
765383.58
945086.06
946962.02
927732.44
911537.9
Chemical
type/Code
Description
Pesticides
3808
Fertilizers
3101-3105
Petroleum
products
2710
Industrial
consumers
chemicals
and
60
The numbers of pesticides import over the year 2008 do not correspond with value in US$. This presumes a
human error in recording the import numbers.
100 |
Year
Year
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Netto in kg
35038.05
30748.82
32831.79
14747.88
283278.42
Value in U$D
291808.97
156927.97
190254.57
126702.23
460486.91
Ammonia, anhydrous or in aqueous solution. Sodium
hydroxide (caustic soda); potassium hydroxide (caustic
potash); peroxides of sodium or potassium. Hydroxide and
peroxide of magnesium; oxides, hydroxides and peroxides, of
strontium or barium. Zinc oxide; zinc peroxide. Artificial
corundum, whether or not chemically defined; aluminium
oxide; aluminium hydroxide. Chromium oxides and
hydroxides. Manganese oxides. Iron oxides and hydroxides;
earth colours containing 70% or more by weight of combined
iron evaluated as Fe2O3.Cobalt oxides and hydroxides;
commercial cobalt oxides. Titanium oxides. Lead oxides; red
lead and orange lead.
327071.88
3280695.45
1172088.75
2857478.41
3135671.72
763829.69
2416635.41
2681572.66
6288033.37
6572849.27
Fluorides; fluorosilicates, fluoroaluminates and other complex
fluorine salts.Chlorides, chloride oxides and chloride
hydroxides; bromides and bromide oxides; iodides and iodide
oxides.Hypochlorites; commercial calcium hypochlorite;
chlorites;
hypobromites.Chlorates
and
perchlorates;
bromates
and
perbromates;
iodates
and
periodates.Sulphides; polysulphides, whether or not
chemically defined.Dithionites and sulphoxylates.Sulphites;
thiosulphates.Sulphates;
alums;
peroxosulphates
(persulphates).Nitrites;
nitrates.Phosphinates
(hypophosphites),
phosphonates
(phosphites)
and
phosphates; polyphosphates, whether or not chemically
defined.Carbonates; peroxocarbonates (percarbonates);
commercial ammonium carbonate containing ammonium
carbamate.Cyanides, cyanide oxides and complex
cyanides.Silicates; commercial alkali metal silicates.Borates;
peroxoborates (perborates).Salts of oxometallic or
peroxometallic acids.Other salts of inorganic acids or
peroxoacids (including aluminosilicates whether or not
chemically defined), other than azides.
4886358.65
6268646.68
6203667.4
5709655.95
8055417.58
12219969.16
18725256.97
17302533.49
21493881.47
35011530.43
Chemical
type/Code
Description
2811-2813
Other inorganic acids and other inorganic oxygen compounds
of non-metals. Halides and halide oxides of non-metals.
Sulphides of non-metals; commercial phosphorus trisulphide.
2814-2825
2826-2842
101 |
Year
Year
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Netto in kg
163969.23
91300
144223.94
79003.39
113308.06
Value in U$D
466699.81
369499.07
449653.82
348019.41
848477.98
Acyclic
hydrocarbons.Cyclic
hydrocarbons.Halogenated
derivatives of hydrocarbons.Sulphonated, nitrated or
nitrosated derivatives of hydrocarbons, whether or not
halogenated.
807005.01
722843.16
841051.04
857734.79
1066294.36
3282387.93
3638887.54
4205572.71
6769253.62
6376986.27
2905-2906
Acyclic alcohols and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated
or nitrosated derivatives.Cyclic alcohols and their
halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives.
49073.48
40110.83
50316.5
45127.5
26881.62
332245.33
239057.75
291643.37
327287.65
222517.97
2907-2908
Phenols; phenol-alcohols.Halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated
or nitrosated derivatives of phenols or phenol-alcohols.
2909-2911
Ethers, ether-alcohols, ether-phenols, ether-alcohol-phenols,
alcohol peroxides, ether peroxides, ketone peroxides
(whether or not chemically defined), and their halogenated,
sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives.Epoxides,
epoxyalcohols, epoxyphenols and epoxyethers, with a threemembered ring, and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated
or nitrosated derivatives.Acetals and hemiacetals, whether or
not with other oxygen function, and their halogenated,
sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives.
40505
22810.11
20329.11
50210.64
66.85
1454
2379.29
20144.6
2257.35
4075.1
219599.23
138692.43
150772.6
400428.93
4648.26
20031.31
31024.48
133349.75
52027.81
88437.06
Chemical
type/Code
Description
2843-2853
Colloidal precious metals; inorganic or organic compounds of
precious metals, whether or not chemically defined;
amalgams of precious metals.Radioactive chemical elements
and radioactive isotopes (including the fissile or fertile
chemical elements and isotopes) and their compounds;
mixtures and residues containing these products.Isotopes
other than those of heading 28.44; compounds, inorganic or
organic, of such isotopes, whether or not chemically
defined.Compounds, inorganic or organic, of rare-earth
metals, of yttrium or of scandium or of mixtures of these
metals.Hydrogen peroxide, whether or not solidified with
urea.Compounds, inorganic or organic, of mercury, excluding
amalgams.Other inorganic compounds (including distilled or
conductivity water and water of similar purity); liquid air
(whether or not rare gases have been removed); compressed
air; amalgams, other than amalgams of precious metals.
2901-2904
102 |
Year
Year
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Netto in kg
13223
17.83
8326
997.56
4835
Value in U$D
53312.2
1577.98
30752.48
31962.27
28245.47
Ketones and quinones, whether or not with other oxygen
function, and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or
nitrosated derivatives.
177167.97
247004.28
215170.42
152405.11
134375.94
1414585.55
2066116.29
1986899.53
1698168.65
1156824.40
Saturated acyclic monocarboxylic acids and their anhydrides,
halides, peroxides and peroxyacids; their halogenated,
sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives.Unsaturated
acyclic monocarboxylic acids, cyclic monocarboxylic acids,
their anhydrides, halides, peroxides and peroxyacids; their
halogenated,
sulphonated,
nitrated
or
nitrosated
derivatives.Polycarboxylic acids, their anhydrides, halides,
peroxides and peroxyacids; their halogenated, sulphonated,
nitrated or nitrosated derivatives.Carboxylic acids with
additional oxygen function and their anhydrides, halides,
nitrated or nitrosated derivatives.
Phosphoric esters and their salts, including lactophosphates;
their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated
derivatives.Esters of other inorganic acids of non-metals
(excluding esters of hydrogen halides) and their salts; their
202516.43
133859.2
130792.54
156364.86
110242.78
893592.06
722231.9
979816.02
1546271.07
614568.93
2100
385
5360
42
0
7338.56
17105.35
25347.42
2236.69
0
Amine-function
compounds.Oxygen-function
aminocompounds.Quaternary ammonium salts and hydroxides;
lecithins and other phosphoaminolipids, whether or not
chemically defined.Carboxyamide-function
compounds;
amide-function compounds of carbonic acid.Carboxyimidefunction compounds (including saccharin and its salts) and
imine-function compounds.Nitrile-function compounds.Diazo, azo- or azoxy-compounds.Organic derivatives of hydrazine or
of hydroxylamine.Compounds with other nitrogen function.
Organo-sulphur
compounds.Other
organo-inorganic
compounds.Heterocyclic compounds with oxygen heteroatom(s) only.Heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen heteroatom(s) only.Nucleic acids and their salts, whether or not
chemically defined; other heterocyclic compounds.
Sulphonamides.
192102.96
194553.77
290956.12
232846.83
289579.16
819518.34
968811.55
1455849.39
1281615.74
1821804.79
9014.2
56071.79
9354.94
8404.01
18544.07
32202.79
194734.69
69328.37
91195.61
185507.29
Chemical
type/Code
Description
2912 -2913
Aldehydes, whether or not with other oxygen function; cyclic
polymers of aldehydes; paraformaldehyde. Halogenated,
sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives of products of
heading 29.12.
2914
2915 -2918
2919-2920
2921-2929
2930-2935
103 |
Chemical
type/Code
Description
7801-7806
Unwrought lead.Lead waste and scrap.Lead plates, sheets,
strip and foil; lead powders and flakes.Other articles of lead.
8101-8113
Tungsten (wolfram) and articles thereof, including waste and
scrap.Molybdenum and articles thereof, including waste and
scrap.Tantalum and articles thereof, including waste and
scrap.Magnesium and articles thereof, including waste and
scrap.Cobalt mattes and other intermediate products of
cobalt metallurgy; cobalt and articles thereof, including waste
and scrap.Bismuth and articles thereof, including waste and
scrap.Cadmium and articles thereof, including waste and
scrap.Titanium and articles thereof, including waste and
scrap.Zirconium and articles thereof, including waste and
scrap.Antimony and articles thereof, including waste and
scrap.Manganese and articles thereof, including waste and
scrap.Beryllium, chromium, germanium, vanadium gallium,
hafnium, indium, niobium (columbium), rhenium and
thallium, and articles of these metals, including waste and
scrap.Cermets and articles thereof, including waste and scrap.
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Netto in kg
49133
22214.14
29771.39
66519.74
33545.79
Value in U$D
228356.42
202275.21
234010.05
521054.45
206672.95
0
2033
382
1343
4656
0
25393.86
141931.31
63002.88
281340.22
Source: Ministry of Finance, Customs ASYCUDA; 2011.
104 |
Lists of exports of chemicals in 2005 – 2009
Year
Year
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Chemical type/Code
Description
Netto in kg
Value in U$D
3808
Insecticides, rodenticides, fungicides, herbicides, antisprouting
products
and
plant-growth
regulators,
disinfectants and similar products, put up in forms or
packings for retail sale or as preparations or articles (for
example, sulphur-treated bands, wicks and candles, and flypapers).
115549.1
110566.74
172768.13
202973.35
148505.16
481985.67
569145.32
658011.69
691810.54
484864.5
Animal or vegetable fertilizers, whether or not mixed
together or chemically treated; fertilizers produced by the
mixing or chemical treatment of animal or vegetable
products. Mineral or chemical fertilizers, nitrogenous.
Mineral or chemical fertilizers, phosphatic. Mineral or
chemical fertilizers, potassic. Mineral or chemical fertilizers
containing two of three of the fertilizing elements nitrogen,
phosphorus and potassium; other fertilizers; goods of this
Chapter in tablets or similar forms or in packages of a gross
weight not exceeding 10 kg.
195929
42725
1135
1285435
750
352416.29
16388.6
2910.8
2049416.41
1860
crude.
4257
17477372
811.34
292
27
10900.18
15512634
11133.9
123432
33.36
other than crude; preparations not elsewhere specified or
included, containing by weight 70% or more of petroleum
oils or of oils obtained from bituminous minerals, these oils
being the basic constituents of the preparations; waste oils.
329550307
276781553
282102725.85
459668995.1
298077478.91
134135980.46
268142877.56
294279565.13
759794536.29
293554101.82
Fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. Hydrogen, rare gases
and other non-metals. Alkali or alkaline-earth metals; rareearth metals, scandium and yttrium, whether or not
intermixed or inter-alloyed; mercury.
1530.93
341.8
489.91
18
904
16317.3
13251.02
6210
834
1336.43
Hydrogen chloride (hydrochloric acid); chlorosulphuric
acid.Sulphuric acid; oleum.Diphosphorus pentaoxide;
phosphoric acid; polyphosphoric acids, whether or not
chemically defined.Nitric acid; sulphonitric acids.Oxides of
boron; boric acids.
Other inorganic acids and other inorganic oxygen
compounds of non-metals.Halides and halide oxides of nonmetals.Sulphides of non-metals; commercial phosphorus
trisulphide.
0
0
10
0
0
212.16
404
1105
48
0
1112
15985
1940
0
Fertilizers
3101-3105
Petroleum products
2709
2710
Industrial and consumers
chemicals
2801 - 2805
2806 - 2810
2811-2813
105 |
Chemical type/Code
Description
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Netto in kg
Value in U$D
2814-2825
Ammonia, anhydrous or in aqueous solution. Sodium
hydroxide (caustic soda); potassium hydroxide (caustic
potash); peroxides of sodium or potassium. Hydroxide and
peroxide of magnesium; oxides, hydroxides and peroxides, of
strontium or barium. Zinc oxide; zinc peroxide. Artificial
corundum, whether or not chemically defined; aluminium
oxide; aluminium hydroxide. Chromium oxides and
hydroxides. Manganese oxides.Iron oxides and hydroxides;
earth colours containing 70% or more by weight of combined
iron evaluated as Fe2O3.Cobalt oxides and hydroxides;
commercial cobalt oxides. Titanium oxides. Lead oxides; red
lead and orange lead.
1728199213
1668121148
1916253523.5
1906159505.4
1397481378
137662851.45
1566109149.8
1871587625.91
1982676702.8
885979380.58
2826-2842
Fluorides; fluorosilicates, fluoroaluminates and other
complex fluorine salts.Chlorides, chloride oxides and chloride
hydroxides; bromides and bromide oxides; iodides and
iodide
oxides.Hypochlorites;
commercial
calcium
hypochlorite; chlorites; hypobromites.Chlorates and
perchlorates; bromates and perbromates; iodates and
periodates.Sulphides; polysulphides, whether or not
chemically defined.Dithionites and sulphoxylates.Sulphites;
thiosulphates.Sulphates;
alums;
peroxosulphates
(persulphates).Nitrites;
nitrates.Phosphinates
(hypophosphites),
phosphonates
(phosphites)
and
phosphates; polyphosphates, whether or not chemically
defined.Carbonates; peroxocarbonates (percarbonates);
commercial ammonium carbonate containing ammonium
carbamate.Cyanides, cyanide oxides and complex
cyanides.Silicates; commercial alkali metal silicates.Borates;
peroxoborates (perborates).Salts of oxometallic or
peroxometallic acids.Other salts of inorganic acids or
peroxoacids (including aluminosilicates whether or not
chemically defined), other than azides.
0
0
0
59925
0
0
0
0
330575.08
0
106 |
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Year
Year
Chemical type/Code
Description
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Netto in kg
Value in U$D
2843-2853
Colloidal precious metals; inorganic or organic compounds of
precious metals, whether or not chemically defined;
amalgams of precious metals.Radioactive chemical elements
and radioactive isotopes (including the fissile or fertile
chemical elements and isotopes) and their compounds;
mixtures and residues containing these products.Isotopes
other than those of heading 28.44; compounds, inorganic or
organic, of such isotopes, whether or not chemically
defined.Compounds, inorganic or organic, of rare-earth
metals, of yttrium or of scandium or of mixtures of these
metals.Hydrogen peroxide, whether or not solidified with
urea. Compounds, inorganic or organic, of mercury,
excluding amalgams.Other inorganic compounds (including
distilled or conductivity water and water of similar purity);
liquid air (whether or not rare gases have been removed);
compressed air; amalgams, other than amalgams of precious
metals.
41
3
101
0
164
4239.5
91.74
2818.92
0
4865
2901-2904
Acyclic hydrocarbons.Cyclic hydrocarbons.Halogenated
derivatives of hydrocarbons.Sulphonated, nitrated or
nitrosated derivatives of hydrocarbons, whether or not
halogenated.
2905-2906
Acyclic alcohols and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated
or nitrosated derivatives.Cyclic alcohols and their
30.68
10802.21
7650
0
0
15.34
5.51
0
0
320
327
37885
25520.4
0
0
163.5
887.5
0
0
3507
2907-2908
Phenols; phenol-alcohols. Halogenated, sulphonated,
nitrated or nitrosated derivatives of phenols or phenolalcohols.
15.34
1.1
0
0
0
163.5
177.5
0
0
0
2912 -2913
Aldehydes, whether or not with other oxygen function; cyclic
polymers of aldehydes; paraformaldehyde. Halogenated,
sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives of products
of heading 29.12.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
107 |
Year
Year
Chemical type/Code
Description
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Netto in kg
Value in U$D
2909-2911
Ethers, ether-alcohols, ether-phenols, ether-alcohol-phenols,
alcohol peroxides, ether peroxides, ketone peroxides
(whether or not chemically defined), and their halogenated,
sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives. Epoxides,
epoxyalcohols, epoxyphenols and epoxyethers, with a threemembered ring, and their halogenated, sulphonated,
nitrated or nitrosated derivatives. Acetals and hemiacetals,
whether or not with other oxygen function, and their
8555.8
0
110
0
0
23816.68
0
880.01
0
0
2914
Ketones and quinones, whether or not with other oxygen
function, and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or
nitrosated derivatives.
0
33.1
0
0
20
0
594.5
0
0
83.4
2915 -2918
Saturated acyclic monocarboxylic acids and their anhydrides,
halides, peroxides and peroxyacids; their halogenated,
sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives.Unsaturated
acyclic monocarboxylic acids, cyclic monocarboxylic acids,
their anhydrides, halides, peroxides and peroxyacids; their
halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated
derivatives.Polycarboxylic acids, their anhydrides, halides,
nitrated or nitrosated derivatives.Carboxylic acids with
additional oxygen function and their anhydrides, halides,
nitrated or nitrosated derivatives.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2919-2920
Phosphoric esters and their salts, including lactophosphates;
their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated
derivatives. Esters of other inorganic acids of non-metals
(excluding esters of hydrogen halides) and their salts; their
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2921-2929
Amine-function compounds. Oxygen-function aminocompounds. Quaternary ammonium salts and hydroxides;
lecithins and other phosphoaminolipids, whether or not
chemically defined. Carboxyamide-function compounds;
amide-function compounds of carbonic acid. Carboxyimidefunction compounds (including saccharin and its salts) and
imine-function compounds. Nitrile-function compounds.
Diazo-, azo- or azoxy-compounds. Organic derivatives of
hydrazine or of hydroxylamine. Compounds with other
nitrogen function.
0
4405
0
0
500
0
13610.88
0
0
695
108 |
Year
Year
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Chemical type/Code
Description
Netto in kg
Value in U$D
2930-2935
Organo-sulphur compounds. Other organo-inorganic
compounds. Heterocyclic compounds with oxygen heteroatom(s) only. Heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen heteroatom(s) only. Nucleic acids and their salts, whether or not
chemically defined; other heterocyclic compounds.
Sulphonamides.
0
398
0
0
0
0
3897.2
0
0
0
7801-7806
Unwrought lead. Lead waste and scrap. Lead plates, sheets,
strip and foil; lead powders and flakes. Other articles of lead.
0
0
45030
0
5
0
0
124890.67
0
253.79
8101-8113
Tungsten (wolfram) and articles thereof, including waste and
scrap. Molybdenum and articles thereof, including waste and
scrap. Tantalum and articles thereof, including waste and
scrap. Magnesium and articles thereof, including waste and
scrap. Cobalt mattes and other intermediate products of
cobalt metallurgy; cobalt and articles thereof, including
waste and scrap. Bismuth and articles thereof, including
waste and scrap. Cadmium and articles thereof, including
waste and scrap. Titanium and articles thereof, including
waste and scrap. Zirconium and articles thereof, including
waste and scrap. Antimony and articles thereof, including
waste and scrap. Manganese and articles thereof, including
waste and scrap. Beryllium, chromium, germanium,
vanadium gallium, hafnium, indium, niobium (columbium),
rhenium and thallium, and articles of these metals, including
waste and scrap. Cermets and articles thereof, including
waste and scrap.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Source: Ministry of Finance, Customs ASYCUDA; 2011.
* Note: The lists of imports and exports of chemicals are produced by the ministry of Finance,
Custom Department. This lists is an inventory of all imports and exports from 2005 – 2009 and their
value in U$D. The units used in this inventory in in kilograms.
109 |
List of imports of pesticides: Insecticides import 2005 – 2008*
Import 2005
Active substance
Amount in
liter/kilogram
Chemical group
Import 2006
Active substance
Import 2007
Amount in
liter/kilogram
Chemical group
Active substance
Chemical group
Amount in liter/
kilogram
Import 2008
Active substance
Chemical group
abamectine
alphacypermethrin
aluminiumphosphide
azadirachtin
BI
SP
phosphine
BI
1,156.75
35,092.00
4,000.00
106.57
abamectine
acephate
acetamiprid
alphacypermethrin
BI
OF
NN
SP
1,500.00
300
480
30,750.00
abamectine
acephate
acetamiprid
alphacypermethrin
BI
OF
NN
SP
2,000.00
360
480
33,030.00
abamectine
azadirachtine
alphacypermethrin
aluminiumphosphide
BI
bacillus thuringiensis
bifenthrin
carbofuran
BI
SP
C
604.9
128.13
14,262.00
aluminiumphosphide
azadirachtin
phosphine
BI
BI
2,000.00
0
3,735.78
aluminiumphosphide
amitraz
phosphine
BI
BI
6,540.00
12
6,240.50
chlorfenapyr
chlorfenvinphos
chlorpyriphos
cypermethrin
cyromazine
PP
OF
OF
SP
IGR
13.5
1,600.00
20,150.00
6,201.51
0.5
bifenthrin
carbaryl
carbofuran
cartap
chlorfenapyr
SP
C
C
boric acid
carbaryl
cartap hydrochloride 50 %
chlorfenvinphos
chlorpyriphos (5G)
na
C
PP
20.26
480
27,940.00
125
836
OF
OF
deltamethrin
SP
152.48
chlorpyriphos (20 % + 48 %)
OF
2,001.00
cypermethrin
diafenthiuron
diazinon 10%G / 60%EC
TU
C
500
11,179.96
cypermethrin
cypermethrin+profenofos
SP
SP+OF
8,554.00
506
cypermethrin+profenofos
diafenthiuron
dichlorvos / chlorfenvinphos
dimethoaat
dimethoaat+endosulfan
+ OF
OF
OF+GK-b
6,420.00
60
4,900.00
deltamethrin
diafenthiuron
diazinon 10%G
SP
TU
C
659.64
1,002.40
3,000.00
diazinon 60 % ec
emamectin benzoate
fenthion
SP
phosphine
liter
liter
liter
kg
cartap hydrochloride 50 %
chlorpyriphos (20 % EC)
BI
na
na
5,200.00
875
750
kg/liter
kg
liter
56.7
480
200
2,008.60
1,000.00
chlorpyriphos (5G)
cypermethrin 25 % ec
diafenthiuron
diazinon
60 % ec
fenbutatin oxide
OF
SP
TU
C
1,401.60
8,750.00
419.2
3,600.00
500
kg
liter
liter
liter
liter
SP
4,098.84
imidacloprid
N
19,020.00
liter
SP+OF
TU
30
24
imidacloprid
70%
lambdacyhalothrin (2.5%-5%-9%)
N
SP
1,200.00
21,375.00
kg
liter
C
na
OF
10,600.00
480
2,937.60
malathion 57 % ec
malathion 5 % wp
spinosad
OF
OF
19,000.00
1,200.00
3.4
liter
kg
kg
SP
12.25
kg
8,000.00
kg
OT
500
diazinon 60 % ec
C
13,940.00
fip ronil 10 % ec
phenylpyrazole
50
permethrin
fipronil
SP
93.16
dichlorvos / chlorfenvinphos
+ OF
19,140.00
fip ronil 80 % wdg
phenylpyrazole
100
sulfuramide
imidacloprid 20% / 70%
N
14,984.00
dimethoaat
OF
60
imidacloprid 20%
N
12,433.60
lambdacyhalothrin
SP
35,904.00
dimethoaat+endosulfan
OF+GK-b
3,000.00
imidacloprid 70%
N
7,350.00
malathion
OF
20,958.00
emamectin benzoate
480
lambdacyhalothrin (2.5%-5%-9%)
SP
36,279.20
oxamyl
C
6
fenbutatin-oxide
OT
500
malathion
OF
9,340.00
65.49
flumethrin
SP
100
methoxyfenozide
diacylhydrazine
60
permethrin
SP
310.02
gamma-cyhalothrin
SP
1
pyrimiphos methyl
OF
145
pyriproxifen
IGR
620
imidacloprid
20%
N
15,200.00
pyriproxifen
IGR
180
12
imidacloprid
70%
N
637.5
profenofos/cypermethrin
OF+SP
500
BI
13.61
lambdacyhalothrin
SP
25,820.00
propoxur
C
212
thiodicarb
oxime carb.
360
pyridaben
spinosad
tetramethrin
SP
103.51
malathion
OF
27,320.00
ultramethrin
SP
500
methoxyfenozide
diacylhydrazine
2
permethrin
SP
858.3
pyridaben
na
1,360.00
pyrimiphos methyl
110 |
4
Unit
2,500.00
2,000.00
40,240.00
3,000.00
fenbutatin-oxide
potassium salts
Amount in liter/
kilogram
20%
Import 2005
Active substance
Chemical group
Import 2006
Amount in
liter/kilogram
Active substance
Import 2007
Amount in
liter/kilogram
Chemical group
spinosad
BI
12
sulfuramide
na
6,000.00
thiodicarb
oxime carb
300
Active substance
Chemical group
Import 2008
Amount in liter/
kilogram
Active substance
Chemical group
Amount in liter/
kilogram
Unit
List of imports of pesticides: Household insecticides import 2005 – 2009*
Import 2005
Active substance
Chemical
group
Amount
Unit
Import 2006
Active substance
Cocroach chalk
SP
8,400.00
pieces
d-allethrin
SP
360,000.00
mats
kakkerlakken
(cypermethrin)
esbiothrin
SP
72,000.00
mats
vapemat
prallethrin
SP
2,340,000.00
mats
d-tetramethrin/dallethrin/cyphenothrin
prallethrin/piperonyl
butoxide
SP
1,260,000.00
mats
rich-d-allethrin
SP
7,440,000.00
bioallethrin
SP
d-allethrin
d/l-allethrolone
dtranschrysanthem.
rich-d-t-prallethrin
Trans- alleth./
Teralleth./pentmeth.
cyperm./sumi./tetram.
/piperonyl but.
Cypermethrin
/tetramethrin
d- tetramethrin
/d-phenotrin
d-transallet./noctylbicycloh.dicarbox.
/chlorp.
permethrin/tetramethrin
111 |
Chemical
group
Amount
Unit
Import 2007
Active substance
Cocroach chalk
Chemical
group
Amount
SP
23,000.00
pieces
mosquito coil
8,098,800
pieces
d-allethrin
Unit
Import 2008
Active substance
Chemical
group
Amount
Unit
Import 2009
Active substance
20,175,000
pieces
deltamethrin KO tablets
SP
20,175,000
coils
Cocroach chalk (cypermethrin
0.65 %)
SP
256,051.04
liter
vapemat
krijt
3,000
pieces
vapemat
8,478,000
pieces
prallethrin
SP
2,100,000
mats
aerosol insecticide
SP
216,000
mats
d-allethrin
SP
28,800
mats
permethrin
SP
169.2
liter
prallethrin
prallethrin
SP
12,000
mats
cypermethrin/tetramethrin
SP
20,898.00
liter
mats
butoxide
SP
900,000
mats
butoxide
SP
1,800,000
mats
tetramethrin/ d-phenotrin
SP
98,701.20
liter
2,220,000.00
coils
rich-d-allethrin
SP
7,350,000
mats
rich-d-allethrin
SP
1,590,000
mats
tetramethrin/D-allethrin
SP
8,718,600.00
coils
mosquito coil
9,966,200
pieces
rich-d-transallethrin
SP
2,580,000
mats
/cypermethrin
SP
62,653.20
liter
mosquito coil
SP
1,080.00
coils
d-allethrin
8,466,200
coils
tetramethrin/cypenomethrin
SP
29,030.40
liter
dimefluthrin
SP
30,996.00
liter
SP
SP
1,380,000.00
58,800.00
SP
600,000
coils
mosquito coil
coils
trans-allethrin,
terallethrin,
pentmethrin
SP
900,000
coils
d-allethrin
tetramethrin/cypenothrin
21,500,20
0
coils
cypermethrin/sumithrin
36,000
pieces
8,193,000
pieces
SP
2,700,000
mats
d-allethrin
SP
108,000
mats
prallethrin/piperonylbutoxide
SP
1,050,000
mats
SP
4,335,000
mats
15,255,600
pieces
SP
3,355,200
coils
d-allethrin
SP
7,706,400
coils
d-transallethrin
SP
1,410,000
coils
SP
2,784,000
coils
aerosol insecticide
269581.77
liter
78
liter
liter
SP
2,316,000
coils
SP
6,091.20
liter
d-transallethrin
SP
585,000
coils
Allethrin/tetramethrin
biothrin / permethrin
SP
114.62
liter
transfluthrin
SP
120,000
coils
/piperonyl
butoxide/cyperm.
SP
4,410.00
liter
piperonlybutoxide/d-cis trans
allethrin/sumithrin
liter
tetramethrin/permethri
n
/d-phenothrinpiperonyl-butoxide
SP
1,638.00
liter
unknown
960,000
coils
Piperonyl-Butoxide
/Pyrethrins
SP
13.04
liter
permethrin
SP
3,024.00
liter
liter
Cypermethrin
/tetramethrin
liter
permethrin/Tetramethrin/d-cis
transallethrin
SP
33,442.80
liter
aerosol insecticide
SP
5,970.00
liter
cypermethrin
SP
91,123.49
liter
9,072.00
pieces
Unit
pieces
401,228.58
liter
SP
SP
25,481,20
0
SP
Amount
10,000
/tetramethrin/piperonyl
butoxide
9,372.00
167.2
SP
coils
SP
SP
SP
Chemical
group
SP
7,080.00
liter
allethrin/tetramethrin/piper
onyl butoxide/cypermethrin
SP
SP
9,180.00
3,444.00
liter
Import 2005
Active substance
propoxur/cyfluthrin
/transfluthrin
Chemical
group
SP
Pyrethrin, Piperonyl
Butoxide
Amount
Unit
46,690.75
liter
aerosol insecticide
3.6
liter
tetramethrin/Dallethrin/cypermethrin
SP
18,865.75
liter
cypermethrin
d-tetramethrin
/cypenothrin
SP
20,138.40
liter
Tetramethrin/Dallethrin/Cypermethrin
SP
43,704.00
liter
repellent
appr.
18.21
ant and roach killer
883.15
7.5
1,968.00
ant and roach killer
Import 2007
Active substance
SP
liter
roach gel bait
Unit
d- tetramethrin
/d-phenotrin
1,440.00
imidaclopr
id
Amount
liter
SP
appr.
Chemical
group
58,488.00
Tetramethrin/permethri
n
refill liquid vaporizer
Import 2006
Active substance
10.89
Chemical
group
Amount
Unit
254,508.6
9
liter
/citronella perfume
SP
19,584.00
liter
mothball
permethrin
SP
1,200.00
liter
Unit
Import 2009
Active substance
rich-d-transallethrin/betacypermethrin/d-tetramethrin
appr.
Chemical
group
SP
Amount
Unit
1,440.00
liter
144
liter
2,160.00
pieces
Fort multi
hechter break-thru
798
liter
SP
11,610.00
liter
2,160.00
liter
propoxur/cyfluthrin/transfluthr
in
SP
20,383.20
liter
C/SP
66,075.60
liter
tetramethrin, permethrin
SP
120
liter
278,017.20
liter
cypermethrin/imiprothrin
SP
435
liter
hechter
l/kg
SP
50.26
liter
SP
12,918.00
liter
For Pets
l/kg
Tetramethrin
/permethrin
SP
12,000.00
liter
SP
38,952.00
liter
flumethrin
kg
d-tetramethrin/dphenotrin/cypenothrin
SP
3,628.80
liter
tetramethrin/D-allethrin
SP
35,656.80
liter
/cypermethrin
liter
cypermethrin/sumithrin/tetram
ethrin/piperonyl butoxide
SP
4,968.00
liter
liter
Allethrin/tetramethrin/piperon
yl butoxide/cyperm.
SP
79,729.20
liter
SP
338.37
liter
SP
5,090.40
liter
SP
16
liter
SP
6,912.00
liter
SP
203
liter
OF/SP
350.4
liter
diethyltoluamide
36.14
liter
diethyltoluamide refill
720
pieces
pieces
pyrethrin
kg
d-trans allethrin,
piperonylbutoxide e.a.
SP
SP
6,792.00
121.6
liter
liter
SP
SP
44,139.60
21,696.00
pieces
propoxur/cyfluthrin
sodium borate ant killer
48
pack
/transfluthrin
SP
78,440.40
liter
boric acid
cedar oil, mineral oil,
sodium laurel sulfate
442.26
kg
d-transallethrin
SP
435
liter
31.05
liter
7.3
liter
Butoxide
SP
21.39
liter
Tetramethrin/permethrin
SP
1,544.40
liter
pyrethrin
45.43
liter
cyphenothrin/d-allethrin
resmethrin
166.29
liter
/d-tetramethrin
home-owner garden
insecticides
369.87
liter
For Pets
SP
4,500.00
liter
SP
6,984.90
liter
/betacypermethrin/dtetramethrin
100
liter
Piperonyl-Butoxide
/Pyrethrins
allethrin/tetramethrin/piperony
l butoxide/cypermethrin
d-transtetramethrin/cyphenothrin
D-Phenotrin/tetrametrin
d-trans-tetramethrin/dfenothrin
fenitrothion, tetramethrin,
piperonylbutoxide, pynamin
forte
repellant lotion
tetramethrin/permethrin
/d-phenothrin-piperonylbutoxide
112 |
Amount
SP
189
SP
Chemical
group
propoxur/cyfluthrin
/transfluthrin
Butoxide
ant traps
pyrethrins
Import 2008
Active substance
SP
2,100.00
liter
citronella wristband
40,400
pieces
picaridin
4.25
liter
247.5
liter
Goodknight
repellent lotion
mosquito
Import 2005
Active substance
Chemical
group
Amount
Unit
Import 2006
Active substance
Chemical
group
Amount
Unit
Import 2007
Active substance
Chemical
group
Amount
Unit
Chemical
group
Amount
Unit
Import 2009
Active substance
cypermethrin/sumithrin
/tetramethrin/piperonyl
butoxide
SP
3,528.00
liter
Remaining
thiamethoyan
Nicotonoid
d-Phenotrin/tetrametrin
SP
18,030.00
liter
mothballs, naphtaline
Chemical
group
Amount
Unit
0,01%
ant gel
2.4
kg
appr.
3,250,000
pieces
liquid vape refill
d-cis/trans allethrin 21,97%
1,62 grm mosquito lamp
80
pieces
prallethrin
naphtalene/sulfur
repellant
SP
1,220.40
liter
Remaining
For wasps: tetramethrin
/propoxur
SP
243.04
liter
For wasps: tralomethrin
/prallethrin
SP
698.88
liter
ant gel bait - disodium
octaborate tetrahydrate
roach traps
(DOT)
glue
mouse traps
mothbal
indoxacarb
glue
appr.
oxadiazine
deltamethrin KO
hydramethylnon 2.15 %
SP
481
2
insect traps
hechter break-thru
glue
7,500
875
hechter-triton
sticker
For pets
N-metilbis(2,4xililiminometil)ania/dimeth
ilbenzeno
imidacloprid 9.1 %
diazinon - vlooienband
permethrine shampoo/powder
Smeerex: dichlorvos,
chlorfenvinfos
fipronil mieren val
fipronil 0.01 %
113 |
Import 2008
Active substance
1.48
6,000
kg
pieces
17,280
19,944.00
2.4
pieces
kg
kg
kg
kg
pieces
liter
2,200.00
2.8
kg
liter
N
2
25.6
liter
liter
C
0.432
kg
SP
6.48
liter/kg
OF
phenylpyra
zole
phenylpyra
zole
600
liter
96
1.14
pieces
kg
snake
2,448.00
kg
Raid ant & roach outdoor
fresh
59.46
liter
Diflubenzuran
40
pieces
For pets
vermikill
19.2
12
kg/liter
liter
permethrin birdspray
7.2
liter
Import 2005
Active substance
Chemical
group
Amount
Unit
Import 2006
Active substance
Chemical
group
Amount
Import 2007
Active substance
Unit
Chemical
group
Amount
phenylpyra
zole
fipronil 0.25%
54
Unit
Import 2008
Active substance
Chemical
group
Amount
Unit
Import 2009
Active substance
Chemical
group
Amount
Unit
liter
List of imports of pesticides: Herbicide import 2005 - 2009*
Import
2005
Active
substance
Import
2007
Import 2006
Chemical group
Amount
Active substance
aryloxyalkanoid
acid
Chloroa
cetamide
2,4 D Amine
aryloxyalkanoid acid
62,060.00
alachlor
chloroacetamide
1,600.00
alachlor
bispyribac
sodium
Pyrimidinyloxy
benzoic
2,070.00
bis pyribac
sodium
fenoxypropp-ethyl
Aryloxyphenoxy
propionate
9,900.00
fenoxyprop-pethyl
Pyrimidinyloxy
benzoic
Aryloxy
phenoxy
propionate
glyfosate
glycine
derivative
glyfosate
glycine derivative
hexazinone
metsulfuronmethyl
prometon
tric lopyr,
triethyl
amine salt
114 |
sulfonylurea
190,033.00
2,4 D Amine
Chemical
group
12.4
metribuzin
25
paraquat
dichloride
triazinone
bipyridylium
Amount
Active
substance
44,079.20
2,4
Amine
1,600.00
alachlor
1,216.53
bis pyribac
sodium
2,300.00
fenoxypropp-ethyl
176,179.00
glyfosate
(41%-48%)
12.5
paraquat
dichloride
Chemical group
Amount
Active
substance
Chemical group
Amount
Unit
Active
substance
36,780.00
2,4 D Amine
63,030.00
liter
2,4-D,
MCPA,mecopropp, dicamba
chloroacetamide
960
alachlor
chloroacetamide
1,920.00
liter
2,4 D Amine
pyrimidinyloxybenzoic
1,372.00
bispyribac
sodium
2,450.00
kg
Aryloxyphenoxy
propionate
4,000.00
fenoxyprop-pethyl
Aryloxyphenoxypropionate
4,550.00
211,760.00
glyfosate
(41%-48%)
257,382.80
paraquat
dichloride
D
glycine derivative
bipyridylium
203,098.00
9
42.59
Import
2009
Import 2008
metam sodium
glycine derivative
bipyridylium
219,088.00
363,035.04
200.63
Chemical group
42.59
Unit
0.1
liter
94,008.00
liter
alachlor
chloroacetamide
2,870.00
liter
liter
bispyribac sodium
3,600.00
kg
liter
fenoxyprop-pethyl
Aryloxyphenoxy
propionate
3,000.00
liter
liter
flufenoxuron
/cyclohexanone
6
liter
298,914.42
liter
12.5
kg
325,908.00
liter
glyfosate (41%48%)
glycine derivative
metribuzin
tric lopyr,
triethylamine salt
Amount
paraquat
dichloride
bipyridylium
List of imports of pesticides: Mollusciden import 2005 - 2009*
Import 2005
Active
substance
Chemical group
fentinacetaat
23,550.00
d-limonene
113.56
metaldehyde
niclosamide
Amount
Import 2006
Active
substance
Chemical
group
fentinacetaat
Amount
23,500.00
metaldehyde
2,000.00
Import 2007
Active
substance
fentinacetaat
metaldehyde 5G
Chemical
group
Amount
28,020.00
Import 2008
Active
substance
Chemical
group
fentinacetaat
Amount
25,000.00
Unit
kg
Import 2009
Active
substance
Chemical
group
fentinacetaat
23,500.00
metaldehyde
2,000.00
Amount
0.4
Unit
kg
kg
1,500.00
nitrosalicylanilide
4,000.00
List of imports of pesticides: Rodenticiden import 2005 – 2009*
Import 2005
Active substance
brodifacoum
bromadiolone
difethalione
115 |
Import 2006
Chemical
group
anticoagulant
anticoagulant
Amount
9,620.64
3,200.00
3.84
Import 2007
Active
substance
Chemical
group
brodifacoum
anticoagulant
bromadiolone
anticoagulant
Amount
Active substance
6,670.00
brodifacoum
430
bromadio lone
(0.005-0.25 %)
Import 2008
Chemical
group
anticoagulant
anticoagulant
Amount
23,000.40
1,250.00
Active substance
flocoumafen
Import 2009
Chemical group
anticoagulant
Amount
500
Unit
Active substance
Chemical group
kg
brodifacoum
anticoagulant
11,734.86
kg
bromadiolone
(0.005 %)
anticoagulant
3,840.00
kg
brodifacoum
anticoagulant
7,650.00
kg
bromadiolone
(0.005-0.25 %)
anticoagulant
3,000.00
kg
Amount
Unit
List of imports of pesticides: Fungiciden import 2005 – 2009*
Import 2005
Import 2006
Active substance
3-iodo-2-propinyl-butyl
carbamate
Chemical group
carbamate
5-ethoxy-3-trichloromethyl-1-24-thiadiazole
Amount
Active substance
570
5-ethoxy-3trichloromethy
10
l-1-2-4-thiadiazole
Import 2007
Chemical group
Amount
Active substance
Import 2008
Chemical
group
5-ethoxy-3trichloromethy
5
l-1-2-4-thiadiazole
azoxystrobin
beta-methoxyacrylaat
3,800.00
azoxystrobin
betamethoxyacrylaat
2,508.00
azoxystrobine
bitertanol
triazole
200
bitertanol
triazole
816.6
bitertanol
triazole
50
Boscalidpyraclostrobin
1,050.00
chlorothalonil
chloronitrile
Coppersulfate pentahydrate
copperhydroxide
6,705.94
carbendazim
3.6
chlorothalonil
168.74
Alkylenebis
mancozeb
(dithiocarbamate)
mancozeb + copperhydroxide
propiconazole
pyrimethanil
sulfur
116 |
triazole
anilinopyrimidine
captan
copper oxychloride
17,622.48
copperhydroxide
iodo-butyl
carbamate/
terbutryne
10
mancozeb
1,400.00
600
54.43
chloronitrile
alkylenebis(dithio
carbamate)
petroleum oils
propiconazole
pyrimethanil
triazole
anilinopyrimidine
700
carbendazim
12,499.30
chlorothalonil
500
copper oxychloride
50 %
90.8
copperhydroxide 50
%
849.35
35,983.75
1-2-4thiadiazole
2,400.00
bitertanol
600
Boscalidpyraclostrobin
3,762.00
500
dimethomorphmancozeb
1,000.00
fosethylaliminium 80%
1.2
imazalil
fosethyl-aliminium
80%
6
isoprothiolane
5,400.00
iodo-butyl
carbamate
Amount
Unit
chloronitrile
/terbutryne
500
mancozeb 80%
WP
1,330.00
propiconazole
25 % EC
Chemical
group
Active substance
bitertanol
triazole
chloronitrile
Unit
200
liter
kg
boscalidpyraclostrobin
25
kg
2800
liter
captan
1,800.00
kg
35
kg
carbendazim 500 g/l
1,750.00
liter
liter/
chlorothalonil
SC
8,538.43
liter/kg
25,098.40
kg
copper oxychloride
50 %
1,920.00
kg
480
kg
34.32
kg
kg
fenamidone
propamocarb
hydrochloride
/ propanediol
10
liter
fosetyl-aluminium
0.2
kg
imazalil 75 % w.p.
2,750.39
kg
42
phosphorothi
olate
triazole
Amount
37.8
1.8
19,963.00
imidazole
5,000.00
12.5
chlorothalonil
copper
oxychloride 50
%
47,329.00
Import 2009
Chemical
group
5-ethoxy-3trichloromethyl-
betamethoxyacryla
at
captan
Amount
Active
substance
2,000.00
kg
18,260.00
liter
500
chloronitrile
/
Alkylenebis
iodo-butyl carbamate
/ terbutryne
1,336.28
kg
(dithio
carbamate)
isoprothiolane 40 %
EC
phosphorothiola
te
34,700.00
liter
mancozeb 80% WP
Alkylenebis
(dithio
carbamate)
26,600.00
kg
triazole
21,050.00
6,000.00
kg
liter
Import 2005
Chemical group
Amount
Import 2006
Chemical group
spiroxamine
spiroketalamine
1,000.00
spiroxamine
Wolmanzout
chromic acid/cupric
oxide/arsenic pentoxide
2,700.00
thiodiazole-copper
20
thiram
95
Wolmanzout
spiroketalamine
Amount
chromic acid/
cupric
oxide/arsenic
pentoxide
4,200.00
Import 2007
isoprothiolane
phosphorothiol
ate
Amount
4,400.00
Alkylenebis
mancozeb
(33%+80%)
propiconazole 25 %
EC
5,400.00
Chemical
group
(dithio
carbamate)
49,700.00
Import 2008
Chemical
group
Amount
propiconazole
40 %
triazole
pyrimethanil
anilinopyrim
idine
8,000.00
spiroxamine
spiroketalam
ine
10,000.00
Unit
Chemical
group
Import 2009
Amount
Unit
Paraffinic
petroleum oil
629.59
kg
liter
Petroleum distillates
239,982.00
liter
liter
propiconazole 25 %
EC
triazole
6,200.00
liter
dithiocarbamate
0.75
kg
triazole
4,400.00
thiabendazole
500
liter
propineb,
silica
triazole
Anilino
pyrimidine
Spiroketal
amine
960
60
kg
pyrimethanil
anilinopyrimidin
e
2,200.00
liter
7,400.00
thiram
thiodiazolecopper
100
kg
spiroxamine
spiroketalamine
7,200.00
liter
6,000.00
tolclofos-methyl
500
kg
thiabendazole
1,000.00
liter
208
thiadiazole
2.4
kg
10
thiodiazole-copper 20
% SC
500
liter
thiofanate-methyl
5
tebuconazole
triadimenol
2.5
kg
zinc
sulfate
monohydrate
1,000.00
hydro treated light
Paraffin based oil
390.1
kg
propiconazole 40 %
pyrimethanil
spiroxamine
phoshonium,
tetrakissulfate
thiram
kaolin,
/
* Note: The lists of imports of pesticides are produced by the ministry of LVV. This lists is an inventory of all imports from 2005 – 2009. From 2005 – 2007 no units were
added in the lists, and no information is available on the units of the chemicals that are imported in mentioned period. The units are added starting in the year 2008. These
units are presented in the table.
117 |
Annex 3. Contact information of the GoS and relevant organizations
Contact information of relevant ministries and governmental institutions
Ministry/
Governmental Institution
ATM
Address
Wagenwegstraat 22
Telephonenumber
(597) 475241
Milieu Sectie (Environment
Section)
AI
Prins Hendrikstraat 17
(597)420960
Fred Derbystraat 98
NIMOS
Onafhankelijkheids-plein 2
2
FIN
Onafhankelijkheids-plein 3
Van ’t Hogerhuysstraat
Nieuwe Haven Complex
3
Ontvanger invoerrechten en
accijnzen (Custom
Department )
HI
(597) 473805
(597) 470614
(597) 470614
(597) 520043
(597) 520045
(597) 520046
(597) 520047
(597) 520048
(597) 476030
(597) 478891
(597) 426773
(597) 474394
(597)402626
(597)403164
(597) 402080
(597) 403022
Afdeling Invoer, Uitvoer en
Deviezen Controle (IUD)
(Division Import, Export and
Foreign Exchange)
(597) 402080
(597) 403022
TCT
Prins Hendrikstraat # 26 – 28
CASAS
Airfield Zorg en Hoop
Luchtvaartdienst
(Department of Civil
Aviation)
MAS
Airfield Zorg en Hoop
597) 420422
(597) 420423
(597) 420424
597) 434186
(597) 434286
(597) 431990
(597)499561
JusPol
Henck Arronstraat 1
Korps Politie Suriname
(Corps Police Suriname
(KPS))
Headquarters: Duisburglaan (597)462136
43- 45
(597)494604
1
4
5
118 |
Cornelis Jongbawstraat 2
(597) 470852
(597) 476733
(597) 476769
(597) 474575
(597) 473841
Website
www.atm.gov.sr
www.nimos.org
www.minfin.sr
www.minhi.gov.sr
www.mintct.sr
www.casas.sr
www.cadsur.sr
www.mas.sr
www.juspolsuriname.org
www.korps-politiesuriname.com
Ministry/
Governmental Institution
Korps Brandweer Suriname
(Corps Fire Brigade
Suriname (KBS))
Address
NH
Mr. Dr. J.C. de Mirandastraat (597)410160
13-15
GMD
Mr. J. Lachmonstraat 181
(597) 434331
7
OW
Mr. J.Lachmonstraat 167
(597) 490732
(597) 490754
8
VG
Henck Arronstraat 64
(597)410411
6
Gemenelandsweg 19- 21
Telephonenumber
(597) 463959
Website
www.kbs.sr
www.naturalresources.sr
.org
www.volksgezondheid.go
v.sr
(597)410702
9
10
119 |
BOG
Rode Kruislaan 22
(597) 497978
(597) 498598
Farmaceutische Inspectie
(Pharmaceutical Inspection)
Kernkampweg 1 bn
(597)440200
LVV
L.Vriesdelaan
(597) 477698
(597) 477830
Pesticide Departement
(Pesticides Department)
L. Vriesdelaan
(597)425632
DEF
Kwattaweg # 29
(597) 471511
NCCR
Kwattaweg # 29
426416
/520840/4715
11 tst. 226
www.bog.sur.sr
www.minlvv.sr.org
www.nccr.sr.org
Contact information of relevant non- governmental organizations and institutions
Non-governmental organization Address
and institutions
Telephonenumber
1
Suriname Business Forum
Henck Arronstraat
2
Vereniging Surinaamse
bedrijven (Society Surinamese
Business )
Prins Hendrik straat
18
(597) 475286/87
(597) 472287
3
Associatie van Surinaamse
Fabrikanten (Association of
Surinamese Producers )
J.Lachmonstraat 187
(597) 439797
(597) 439798
4
Nationale Raad voor
(National Board of Occupational
Health Service )
F.Derbystraat 13a
(597) 479966
5
Maritieme Autoriteit Suriname Cornelis
Jongbawstraat 2
(Maritime Authority Suriname )
6
N.V. Havenbeheer
Paramaribo)
7
Raad voor de Vakbeweging in All relevant
unions are
Suriname )
Ravaksur
Suriname Bureau of Standards
Leysweg 10
8
(Port
of
www.surinamebusine
ssforum.org
www.vsbstia.org
(597) 476733
Van
‘t (597) 404044
Hogerhuysstraat,
Nieuwe
Haven
Complex,
labour
within
9
Stichting Algemeen Bureau voor Klipstenenstraat 5
de
Statistiek
Suriname.
(Suriname General Bureau of
Statistics (ABS))
10
Stichting
11
Consumenten
Federatie Emielaan
Consumers Federation
12
World Wildlife Fund Suriname
120 |
Website
Drs.
250
(597) 499926
(597) 499929
(597) 474861
(597)425004
www.ssb.sr
www.statisticssuriname.org
Redmonstraat
Henck Arronstraat 63
(597)8952626
(597) 422357
www.wwf.org
Annex 4 An overview of problems and priority of concerns proposed by stakeholders at the past
stakeholdersmeeting in March 2011.
Concerns
•
•
•
Storage of obsolete
pesticiden in Suriname
- DDT
- Chemicals for
wood preservation
in Apoera
Other chemicals:
- Lab chemicals
- Pharmaceuticals
- Mercury
All responsible
departments
ATM ( NIMOS, Milieu
Section, Labour
inspection),LVV, NCCR,
DEF, DNA , JusPol, NH
(BIS), HI, FIN, OW, VG
(BOG), (Environmental
Management
Department), Private
Sector, Experts,
Pharmaceutical Inspection
Problems
-
-
Central storage
facility
Public awareness
Capacity building
Finances
Policy/Laws
Integrated
coordination
/Monitoring System
Reports on chemical
incidents
Solutions
-
-
Obsolete Pesticides FAO
Project and POP’s project
Strenghtening and
upgrading of excisting
coordination mechansms
(NCCR)
Training and awareness for
personell
Technical assistance (PPE,
vehicles, etc)
Collaboration of different
laboratoria’s
Radioactive material in
equipment
121 |

July, 2011

Transcription

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