NSC Transportation Safety Division Meeting

NSC Transportation Safety
Division Meeting
Federally Regulated Workplace Policy
Ron R. Flegel, B.S., MT(ASCP), MS. , Director
Ron R. Flegel, B.S., MT(ASCP), MS. , Director
Division of Workplace Programs Center for Substance Abuse Prevention
Center for Substance Abuse Prevention
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
Administration
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Are we Here?
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Marijuana
j
vs. Coffee
• STARBUCKS IN LL.A.
A COUNTY (2009) - 840
• POT SHOPS IN L.A. COUNTY (2009) - 966
– Los Angeles Times, Nov. 2009
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3
Please ask Yourself
• What are the effects of Marijuana and safetyrelated
l d iissues?
?
• Why do I need to know more about it?
• What is the importance of Safety?
• What is the Federal Government’s Role?
• What can individuals do to understand more?
• Is it a State’s right or Federal right…..Federalism
• What are Safety Sensitive Positions? (e.g.
Motorists, Truck Drivers, Pilots, Guns or Badges)
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Drug Free Workplace Programs
Federal Laws
Employer
Testing Issues
“Drug Testing Policy”
State Laws
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Contract / Legal Issues
Program
g
Oversight
g
Division of Workplace Programs
O
Oversight Authority
i ht A th it
F d lP t
Federal Partners
Interagency Coordinating Group –
Executive Committee
DOT, NRC, DOI, DoD, NIDA, FDA, DOJ, DEA, DOE, DOL
Governing Authorities*
Executive Order 12564
Executive Order 12564
Public Law 100‐71
Public Law 100
71
Office of Personnel Management
Department of Justice
Department of Health and Human Services
Office of National Drug Control Policy
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Non‐federal Partners/ o ede a a t e s/
Stakeholders
Regulated industries ((FMCSA, FRA, FAA, FTA, PHMSA))
State and Local Governments
State and Local Governments
Definitions
Decriminalization Reduces penalties for
Decriminalization—Reduces
possession and/or use of small amounts
Medical
M
di l Marijuana—
M ij
P
Permits
it d
defense
f
against state criminal charges of marijuana
possession if a
medical need can be proven
Legalization— Makes possession and/or use
Legalization
of marijuana legal under state law
Source: Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP). (n.d.). Answers to frequently asked questions about marijuana.
http://www.whitehouse.gov/ondcp/frequently-asked-questions-and-facts-about-marijuana#difference
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Oral Fluid: Fitness for Dutyy
Fitness for Duty / DUID?
•
•
•
•
•
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the primary psychoactive ingredient
in marijuana.
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THCA) is the primary
metabolite of THC formed in the body after cannabis use.
THCA is
i currently
tl ttested
t d iin urine
i specimens.
i
SAMHSA proposes that
th t the
th
UrMG continue to test for THCA only
The proposed Oral Fluid Mandatory Guidelines (OFMG) is still being
reviewed for THC vs. THCA.
Some points to consider
–
–
–
–
Limited technological capacity to implement testing for THCA in oral fluids on a national scale
Current laboratory capacity to test for THCA
Requiring all laboratories that are subject to the Mandatory Guidelines for Federal Workplace
Drug Testing Programs to test for THC / THCA in oral fluid could impose considerable
implementation costs
A positive THC test is a scientifically valid method for detecting marijuana use in oral fluid.
The failure to test oral fluid samples for THCA would not undermine the legal or scientific
validity of a positive THC drug test.
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Marijuana
j
U.S.A.
Medical, Recreational and Cannabidiol (CBD)
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Marijuana
j
Legislation:
g
Current Trends in State laws
• Passage of High CBD/Low THC laws
• Introduction of Marijuana Legislation 2015
– Medical Legislation: at least 19 states
– CBD legislation:
at least 9 states
– Recreational:
R
ti
l
att least
l
t 17 states
t t
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Driving Under the Influence of Drugs
in Colorado from 2009 to 2012
2500
2099
2030
Numberr
2000
1489
1500
1000
791
529
500
299
78 111
177 163
406
236
87 134
151
137
0
2009
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Colorado Department of Health, Lab Services
2010
148
7 38 32 20
2011
148 146
2012
155
Fatal Motor Vehicle Crash
P
Proportion of Marijuana Po
ositive Driverss (%) Marijuana‐Positive In Colorado and 34 States Without
Medical Marijuana Laws From 1994‐2011
Proportion of drivers in fatal motor vehicle
crashes who were marijuana-positive in
p
medical
Colorado increased after widespread
marijuana implementation (2009)
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Salomonsen-Sautel S et al., Drug and Alcohol Dependence
2014.
Synthetic
y
Marijuana
j
• The main chemical used to produce synthetic marijuana
is JWH-018 , similar to THC
• No psychopharmacological differences exist between
JWH-18 and marijuana
• Both
B th chemicals
h i l are considered
id d cannabinoids,
bi id which
hi h
attach themselves to the cannabinoid, or CB, receptors in
the brain
• However, the synthetic compounds and THC differ in
levels of potency
– Potential problem with synthetic marijuana is rapid and cost effective
ability to identify the substances (analytical screening test)
– Recognize the immediate effects (pharmacological) they may have on
an individual.
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13
Session 1: 5.3% MJ, Session 1: 5.3% MJ, No No Ventilation
Ventilation
congress.nsc.org 14
Session 2: Session 2: 11.3%
11.3% MJ, MJ, No No Ventilation Ventilation congress.nsc.org 15
Passive Study: Bottom Line
Extreme passive study is a form of drug
administration
– Estimated that non-smokers
non smokers inhaled 5
5-15%
15% of
the amount of THC that smokers did
– Could test positive at lower cutoffs
– SAMHSA urine cutoff differentiated “passive”
from “active”
active
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Cannabis Brownie Preparation
•
•
•
•
Cannabis ground into powder
Heated for 30 min at 250°F (121°C)
Individual doses stirred into brownie batter and baked for 30 min
at 325°F (163°C)
I di id l d
Individual
doses off 10
10, 25
25, & 50 mg off THC
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(Courtesy of Ryan Vandrey, JHU)
Edible Results: “Drug Effect”
100
Brownies
80
S
Smokers
(S )
(S2)
60
40
20
0
-2
2
0
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2
4
6
8
(Courtesy of Ryan Vandrey, JHU)
Cannabis Edibles: Bottom Line
• Cannabis edibles p
produced severe
behavioral effects
– Behavioral effects lasted considerablyy longer
g
than smoked route
– Urine and oral fluid tests were positive
p
– Blood levels of THC were extremely low and
most participants who were highly impaired
would not have tested positive during periods
of impairment or later
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Edibles and Coupons
p
for
$1 Joints in Colorado
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20
Can You Tell The Difference?
Neither Can
Y
Your
Kids…
Kid
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Search Engines
g
Used:
Google and Yahoo
“passing
passing a drug test
a drug test”
“additives for urine to pass drug test”
“products used to cheat a drug test”
“beating a drug test”
“how to beat a hair drug test”
g
“clear choice drug test products”
“h
“cheating a saliva drug test”
l d
”
"stealth" additives for urine
“passing a urine drug test”
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“urine
urine additives
additives”
Urine Detoxes
TEST’in 90 Minute Tea Cleanse
Test Pass Maximum Strength
Mega Clean Cleansing Drink
Optimal Kleen
Supreme Klean 1‐Hour Fast Flush Capsules
The Stuff Chewable
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Rescue Cleanse 32oz Extra g
Strength
Ultra THC Total Herbal Ultra
THC Total Herbal
Cleanse Capsules
Toxin Rid
Urine Substitutions
Clean Stream Urine Kit
UPass
Super Jet Clean
G‐Wizz
Quick Fix Synthetic Urine
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Dr. Greens Superhero Synthetic Urine
Peepack
Oral Fluid
Dr Greens Cool Rinse Mouthwash
Dr. Greens Cool Rinse Mouthwash
Toxin Rid Rescue Wash Mouthwash
ClearTest Oral Clear Saliva Neutralizing Gum
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Magnum Instant Acting Mouthwash
p
y g p
Spit N’ Kleen Detoxifying Capsules
Hair
BioWash Hair Purification System
Hair Cleansing Mudd
Dr. Greens Wash Away Shampoo
Hair Follicle Shampoo
Ultra Clean Shampoo
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Ultra Cleanse Detox Shampoo and conditioner
Ongoing and Future Studies
•
•
•
•
Oral Cannabis Ingestion
g
DUID POCT Device Evaluations
y
Opiates
p
/ MRO Review Process
Synthetic
Oral Fluid Collection Device Stability / Recovery
for Marijuana
j
analytes
y
• Marijuana Decriminalization vs. Legalization
g
Evaluations
• Federal Program
(NTSB, NHTSA, DOT, etc.)
g and p
public p
policy
y concerns
• Other scientific, legal,
for safety sensitive positions around Marijuana
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Thank You
A Th
Are
There Any
A Questions?
Q
ti
?
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