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Walter Stewart Linus Publications, Inc. 1 Page vii Table of Content Preface .............................................................................................................................................................. iii Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... v Chapter 1 GETTING STARTED .................................................................................................................................. 1 German Pronunciation ................................................................................................................................... 1 Numbers/Cardinals/Ordinals ....................................................................................................................... 7 Common Fractions .......................................................................................................................................... 8 Common Chemical Elements ........................................................................................................................ 8 Days of the Week ............................................................................................................................................ 8 Months of the Year ......................................................................................................................................... 9 The Seasons ...................................................................................................................................................... 9 Colors................................................................................................................................................................. 9 Places ................................................................................................................................................................. 9 The Classroom ................................................................................................................................................. 9 The Desk ......................................................................................................................................................... 10 The House ...................................................................................................................................................... 10 The Livingroom ............................................................................................................................................. 11 The Kitchen ................................................................................................................................................... 11 The Bedroom ................................................................................................................................................. 12 The Dining Room .......................................................................................................................................... 12 The Bathroom ................................................................................................................................................ 13 The Garden ..................................................................................................................................................... 14 Useful Expressions ........................................................................................................................................ 14 Chapter 2 THE ONE I KNOW BEST ....................................................................................................................... 19 The verb müssen............................................................................................................................................ 20 Other Verbs .................................................................................................................................................... 21 Dialog .............................................................................................................................................................. 23 Ein Lesestück ................................................................................................................................................. 24 Page viii A Cultural Tidbit – Introductions ............................................................................................................... 25 Wiederholung ................................................................................................................................................. 25 Vocabulary ...................................................................................................................................................... 26 Chapter Activity ............................................................................................................................................ 28 Chapter 3 THE WORLD OF THINGS ...................................................................................................................... 29 Conceptualizing Nouns ................................................................................................................................ 30 Mein, Dein, and Sein .................................................................................................................................... 33 Dialog .............................................................................................................................................................. 34 Eine Karte von Deutschland ....................................................................................................................... 37 Ein Lesestück ................................................................................................................................................. 38 A Cultural Tidbit – Pastries and Sweets .................................................................................................... 40 Wiederholungen ............................................................................................................................................. 40 Vocabulary ...................................................................................................................................................... 41 Chapter Activity ............................................................................................................................................ 44 Chapter 4 OTHER AUXILIARY VERBS .................................................................................................................. 45 Other Noun Substitions ............................................................................................................................... 47 Sein/haben/werden – The Past and the Future ..................................................................................... 48 Werden............................................................................................................................................................. 50 Dialog .............................................................................................................................................................. 52 Ein Lesestück ................................................................................................................................................. 52 Describing Der-Word Subject Nouns with Adjectives ........................................................................... 54 A Cultural Tidbit – Social Interaction ....................................................................................................... 56 Wiederholungen ............................................................................................................................................. 56 Vocabulary ...................................................................................................................................................... 58 Chapter Activity ............................................................................................................................................ 61 Chapter 5 OTHER INDIVIDUALS ............................................................................................................................ 63 Other Reflexive Forms ................................................................................................................................ 66 Dialog ............................................................................................................................................................. 67 Page ix Ein Lesestück ................................................................................................................................................. 68 A Cultural Tidbit – Du or Sie? .................................................................................................................... 70 Wiederholungen ............................................................................................................................................ 71 Vocabulary ..................................................................................................................................................... 72 Chapter Activity ........................................................................................................................................... 75 Chapter 6 DIRECT OBJECTS ...................................................................................................................................... 77 Forming Objects ............................................................................................................................................ 78 Könnten and Würden .................................................................................................................................. 81 Conjugating Other Verbs ............................................................................................................................. 83 Verbs with Separating Prefixes .................................................................................................................... 86 Direct Object Pronouns .............................................................................................................................. 87 Dialog .............................................................................................................................................................. 88 Ein Lesestück ................................................................................................................................................. 89 Describing Der-Word Direct Object Nouns with Adjectives ................................................................ 91 A Cultural Tidbit – Shopping ...................................................................................................................... 92 Wiederholungen ............................................................................................................................................. 92 Vocabulary ...................................................................................................................................................... 94 Chapter Activity ............................................................................................................................................ 97 Chapter 7 INDIRECT OBJECTS ................................................................................................................................. 99 Forming Indirect Objects ........................................................................................................................... 100 Two-Way Verbs with Direct and Indirect Objects ................................................................................ 104 The Imperative ............................................................................................................................................. 106 Dialog ............................................................................................................................................................ 106 Ein Lesestück ............................................................................................................................................... 107 Describing Der-Word Indirect Object Nouns with Adjectives ........................................................... 108 A Cultural Tidbit – Education .................................................................................................................. 110 Wiederholungen ........................................................................................................................................... 111 Vocabulary .................................................................................................................................................... 112 Chapter Activity .......................................................................................................................................... 115 Page x Chapter 8 THE PAST ................................................................................................................................................... 117 Prepositions .................................................................................................................................................. 122 Dialog ............................................................................................................................................................ 124 Ein Lesestück – Rotkäppchen .................................................................................................................. 125 Describing Ein-Word Subject Nouns with Adjectives .......................................................................... 127 A Cultural Tidbit – Fairy Tales and Morality ......................................................................................... 128 Wiederholungen ........................................................................................................................................... 129 Vocabulary .................................................................................................................................................... 130 Chapter Activity .......................................................................................................................................... 133 Chapter 9 GOING THERE AND BEING THERE .............................................................................................. 135 Using Directives .......................................................................................................................................... 136 Indirect Object Pronouns ........................................................................................................................... 138 The Modal Perfect and the Double Infinitive ........................................................................................ 140 Dialog ............................................................................................................................................................ 140 Ein Lesestück – Rotkäppchen, Part II ..................................................................................................... 141 Describing Ein-Word Indirect Objects with Adjectives ....................................................................... 144 A Cultural Tidbit – Café/Konditorei ....................................................................................................... 146 Wiederholungen ........................................................................................................................................... 146 Vocabulary .................................................................................................................................................... 148 Chapter Activity .......................................................................................................................................... 149 Chapter 10 ANOTHER PAST ...................................................................................................................................... 153 Forming the Simple Past ............................................................................................................................ 154 Important Auxiliaries .................................................................................................................................. 162 Dialog ............................................................................................................................................................ 164 Ein Lesestück ............................................................................................................................................... 165 Unpreceded Adjectives............................................................................................................................... 169 A Cultural Tidbit – Personal Privacy, Individuality and Space ........................................................... 171 Wiederholungen ........................................................................................................................................... 171 Vocabulary .................................................................................................................................................... 173 Chapter Activity .......................................................................................................................................... 174 Page xi Chapter 11 CONJUGATED VERB… LAST ............................................................................................................ 177 Using dass and weil ..................................................................................................................................... 179 Dialog ............................................................................................................................................................ 180 The Past of the Past ................................................................................................................................... 181 Ein Lesestück ............................................................................................................................................... 182 A Cultural Tidbit – Social Courtesy ......................................................................................................... 184 Wiederholungen ........................................................................................................................................... 184 Vocabulary .................................................................................................................................................... 186 Chapter Activity .......................................................................................................................................... 187 Chapter 12 WISHES ........................................................................................................................................................ 189 Type 1: Verbs like leben ............................................................................................................................. 190 Type 2: Verbs like gehen ............................................................................................................................ 190 Type 3: Modals ............................................................................................................................................. 190 Dialog ............................................................................................................................................................ 194 Ein Lesestück ............................................................................................................................................... 195 The Subjunctive Past .................................................................................................................................. 196 If… then ........................................................................................................................................................ 197 A Cultural Tidbit – The German Household ......................................................................................... 199 Wiederholungen ........................................................................................................................................... 200 Vocabulary .................................................................................................................................................... 201 Glossary German/English Glossary ......................................................................................................................... 205 English/German Glossary ......................................................................................................................... 235 C H A P T E R — 1— Getting Started German Pronunciation German is a very phonetic language. Most of the sounds are fairly close to English, but some are quite different and require practice in order to get them right. The nice thing about German is that all the sounds are pronounced and maintain the same articulation throughout the language. There are, for example, no silent “e’s” as we have in English or silent “h’s” as in the case of French. When you’ve learned the sound, you’ve learned it. Saying that, let’s start off with the alphabet in German. The consonants should present no problem, but listen to the quality of the vowels. Your Instructor will cue you as to the pronunciation of the individual letters. ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ As you’ve noticed, German vowels are stressed differently than they are in American English although many of the same sounds exist in English. Vowels are long (tense/stressed) or short (lax/unstressed). These terms are a matter of how you hold your mouth and li ps when you pronounce a word. For example, in English feel the difference in the way you stress the “o” in “open” and “hop.” The “o” in “open” is long/stressed. The “o” in “hop” is short/lax. Let’s get a feel for these vowels by reviewing the following lists. They’re not meant to be exhaustive but complete enough to get you on your way. I suggest you review all of the forms and then come back to them as you need them. You’ll pick up most of the other sounds as we go along. 2 GERMAN IN ACTION The regular vowel series long a short a long e short e Vater Wahn Paar Bahn rate fahl kam tat lag Rabe hatte wann ab Bann Ratte Fall Kamm hat Lack Rappe geben wen reden den Beet stehen Segen wehren Wesen Weg Gebiet wenn retten denn Bett stemmen senden wenden wessen Wetter long o short o long u short u wohne Ton Lohn Monat Schote Boot Hof Not Ofen rot Wonne Tonne Lotte Motte Schotter Bock hoffen Nord offen Rotte Mut Mus Hut sucht Buße Ruhm Huhn schuf Buhle Buch Mutter muss Hund Sucht Busse Rum Hunne Schuft Bulle Bucht long i short i Miete ihm bieten Miene Stiehl wieder riechen Sieb ihnen schief Mitte im bitten Minne still Widder richtig Si ppe innen Schiff Another group of vowels exist in German that we do not have in English: Umlauted a, o, and u. They are identified by the characteristic two dots over the letter: ää, öö, ü. Historically, they developed in German as a way to show the combination of ae ae, oe oe, and ue ue. This development is easily seen in some people’s names, like the names Schoenberg and Schönberg. The stressed/tense and unstressed/lax princi ple remains the same for this series of vowels as well. CHAPTER 1 3 GETTING STARTED The Umlaut series long ä short ä long ö short ö Bär Blätter käme Träne Nähte wählen erzählen Räte Ähren bäte wähne Höhle Kämme Schwämme Härte Länder färben Hände Äste Schwäche Wände Hölle Goethe möglich Böse Öfen Höfe Möbel Schöße Söhne löge Götter Dörfer Börse öffnen Köpfe Mörder schösse gönnen dörren long ü short ü Lüge Kühl Tür Hügel Schübe Hühner müde Bücher führen über Lüfte Küste Türme Hütte Schüsse Mütter müssen Brücke dürfen fünf Consonants In addition to vowels, some consonants deserve special mention: b, d, and g . The pronunciation for these consonants alters slightly in quality depending on their word position. For example, at the beginning den. However, at the end of words, and in the middle of a word, d is pronounced as a strong d: Dame; find d ” in German Land sounds like a soft “tt.” all three consonants change in quality and soften. Thus, the “d b” sounds like a soft “p p,” and final “g g” sounds like a soft “k k.” Let’s practice these sounds. Final “b b d [b] [p] [d] [t] lieben loben Abend sterben haben Ebbe Bube aber leben geben lieb lob ab stirb halb Erbschaft Bub Abt leblos gib landen radeln Lieder leiden baden Süden Hände Bilder Gelder Linden Land Rad Lied Leid Bad Süd Hand Bild Geld lind 4 GERMAN IN ACTION k [g] [k] Tage sagen kriegen fliegen Waage Gnade Bagger biegen Züge Regel täglich sag krieg flog Weg genug Betrug biegsam Zug regsam Germans also makes greater use of the area right behind the teeth and the area towards the throat in sound production. Let’s practice these briefly. k ch Bäcker nackt schleckt nickt geschickt Leck Sack Lack Akt acht Becher Nacht schlecht nicht Geschichte Lech sacht lacht Er nickt zur richtiger Zeit. Unter einer Decke stecken. Ach, ein Buch im Bach! In making the “ch ch” sounds, there’s a distinct difference in articulation, particularly when used in ch combination with i’s, ei ei’s, e ’s, o’s, a’s, au au’s,and u’s. Some are articulated towards the front of the mouth, others towards the back depending on the vowel used. Pay careful attention to the manner in which you ch articulate the following words and the differences that result in pronouncing the “ch ch” when preceded by these vowels. i ei e o a au u Licht Gesicht dicht nicht Pflicht richtig sich Teich leicht Deich leicht Beichte Leiche reich schlecht Geschlecht Hecht recht Becher fechten Blech noch doch Loch roch kocht pochen kochen nach Nacht acht Dach sacht macht Sachen auch Lauch Hauch tauchen rauchen Bauch Schlauch Buch sucht Zucht Tuch Wucht Bucht Luchs CHAPTER 1 5 GETTING STARTED Wo viel Licht ist, ist auch starker Schatten. Wer zuletzt lacht, lacht am besten. Als sich der Rächer auf das Dach schlich, kroch ich ins Loch. Finally, the German “rr” is pronounced in one of two ways: trilled at the front of the mouth or at the back of the mouth. These are called apical and uvular trills. The front-trilled apical “rr” is clearer to understand and is used sometimes by stage actors, opera singers and the like or whenever someone wants to emphasize clarity. It is produced by trilling the ti p of the tongue. The uvular “rr” is used most in conversational German. It is produced in the same way mouthwash is gurgled. To practice it, get a little water in your mouth, ti p your head back slightly, and say the “rr” while you gurgle. Let’s practice both “rr” trills with the following: r reich raten richtig Ware Narr Rose Rock Radio mehr Rhythmus irren Irrtum reiten warten Arm gern ärgern rund horchen herrschen warum Wrack zerren Förster hören Erbe frei drücken grau knurren Reden ist silber, Schweigen ist gold. Der Bierbrauer braut braunes Bier. Es irrt der Mensch, solang’ er strebt. w” are simple to articulate. “V V” sounds like the English “ff” as in “fantastic.” Foreign German “vv” and “w w ” sounds like and imports like “Vase” retains the American “vv” articulation. Meanwhile, German “w English “vv” as in “virus.” v [f] v [v] viel vergessen Veilchen vor vier verrückt Vogel Vanille Vase Violine Vulkan Ventil Villa November w [v] wenn wann warum wie Wahl Wein Winter wo was wir wer wen wem wessen Wir Wiener Waschweiber wollen weiße Wäsche waschen, wenn wir wüßten, wo warmes Wasser wär. The last two sounds we’ll deal with are “ss” and “zz.” German “ss” has a variety of sounds. The first is voiced and articulated like English “zz” as in “zap.” 6 GERMAN IN ACTION Summe Segen Samen Sommer suchen sein so s (voiced) Sand Sender singen Silber Söhne Sorge Säule lesen reisen niesen Weise hausen Hase Riese Summ’, summ’, summ’. Bienchen summ’ herum. Was sein muss, muss sein. Das ist ein Buch mit sieben Siegeln. The next sound is voiceless and articulated like an American “ss” in “simple.” Also, see the note on The New German Orthography at the end of this chapter.* s (voiceless) was das Wasser messen lassen Gas wissen muss* Grüße Fuß aß Hass lass Straße Masse Tasse rasseln missen Kissen bissen Risse Nimm dir was, so hast du was. Ich weiß etwas, was du nicht weißt. sch sh P” German “ss” also comes in clusters sch sch, sp sp, and st st. German “sch sch” is articulated like the “sh sh” in “posh.” “P and “tt” are added to this sound to create the other sounds. sch sp st Schiff schau Schrank Kirsche waschen Fisch Busch falsch Asche Englisch Spanien sprechen spalten Spritz spielen springen Spüren Sport Spruch spionieren stellen Straße stechen Stuhl starr verstehen Besteck zerstören Stiehl Stamm Wenn schon, denn schon. Mit Speck fängt man Mäuse. Es ist ein starkes Stück zu später Stunde in steifen Stiefeln über spitze Steine zu stolpern. Lastly, German “zz” is articulated as in the word “pizza” or “tse-tse” fly. CHAPTER 1 7 GETTING STARTED z zwei zehn zwanzig Zug Zahl zählen Zigeuner Ziegel Zahn ziemlich Zoll Zentimeter Kerze putzen Arzt Herz kurz putzt Zehn Zigeuner ziehen zehn Zentner Zuckerrüben. Der Schmerz sitzt im Herzen. Schwarze Katzen kratzen mit schwarzen Tatzen. Numbers: Cardinals 0 – null 1 – eins 2 – zwei 3 – drei 4 – vier 5 – fünf 6 – sechs 7 – sieben 8 – acht 9 – neun 10 – zehn 100 101 102 103 104 105 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – (ein)hundert hunderteins hundertzwei hundertdrei hundertvier hundertfünf zweihundert dreihundert vierhundert fünfhundert sechshundert siebenhundert achthundert neunhundert 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 – elf – zwölf – dreizehn – vierzehn – fünfzehn – sechzehn – siebzehn – achtzehn – neunzehn – zwanzig 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 – einundzwanzig – zweiundzwanzig – dreiundzwanzig – vierundzwanzig – fünfundzwanzig – sechsundzwanzig – siebenundzwanzig – achtundzwanzig – neunundzwanzig – dreißig 1000 – tausend 1001 – tausendeins 2000 – zweitausend 2001 – zweitausendeins 3000 – dreitausend 4000 – viertausend 1.000.000 – eine Million 1.000.000.000 – eine Milliarde/eine Billion 1.000.000.000.000 – eine Trillion Numbers: Ordinals 1st – die erste 2nd – die zweite 3rd – die dritte 4th – die vierte 5th – die fünfte 20th– die zwanzigste 30th– die dreißigste 40th– die vierzigste 50th– die fünfzigste 100th – die hunderste 200th – die zweihunderste 1000th – die tausendste 1,000,000th – die millionste 31 32 33 34 40 50 60 70 80 90 – einunddreißig – zweiunddreißig – dreiunddreißig – vierunddreißig – vierzig – fünfzig – sechzig – siebzig – achtzig – neunzig 8 GERMAN IN ACTION Common Fractions (Gemeiner Bruch) 1/16 – das Sechzehntel 1/8 – das Achtel 1/4 – das Viertel 1/2 – die Hälfte 3/4 – das Dreiviertel 1/3 – das Drittel Common Chemical Elements (die Elemente) das das das das der das das das das der der das das der das der das Blei Chlor Eisen Gold Kohlenstoff Kupfer Natrium Platin Quecksilber Sauerstoff Schwefel Silber Silizium Stickstoff Uran Wasserstoff Zinn lead chlorine iron gold carbon copper sodium platinum mercury oxygen sulphur silver silicon nitrogen uranium hydrogen tin Days of the Week (die Tage der Woche/die Wochentage) Monday – der Montag Tuesday – der Dienstag Wednesday – der Mittwoch Thursday – der Donnerstag Friday – der Freitag Saturday – der Samstag (Sonnabend in Southern Germany) Sunday – der Sonntag Heute ist Montag. Today is Monday. Morgen ist Dienstag. Tomorrow is Tuesday. Übermorgen ist Mittwoch. The day after tomorrow is Wednesday. Gestern war Sonntag. Yesterday was Sunday. Vorgestern war Samstag. The day before yesterday was Saturday. Play a game in which you change today’s day. Then have your partner respond to which day is tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, yesterday, and the day before yesterday. Example: You: Heute ist Montag. Was ist morgen? Partner: You: Partner: Morgen ist Dienstag. Gut. Und was ist übermorgen? Übermorgen ist Mittwoch. etc. Don’t forget to trade roles after a few questions. CHAPTER 1 9 GETTING STARTED Months of the Year (die Monate des Jahres) January February March April May June -– der Januar – der Februar – der März – der April – der Mai – der Juni July August September October November December – – – – – – der Juli der August der September der Oktober der November der Dezember Am Montag den 5. (fünften) Juni haben wir Ferien. On Monday the fifth of June we have vacation. Am Samstag den 15. (fünfzehnten) Oktober hat er Geburtstag. On Saturday the fifteenth of October he has his birthday. Am Freitag den 25. (fünfundzwanzigsten) Dezember ist der erste Weihnachtstag. On Friday the twentyfifth of December it’s the first Christmas Day. (Germans consider December 25th and 26th to be Christmas.) The Seasons (die Jahreszeiten) spring summer Im Im Im Im – der Frühling – der Sommer Frühling ist es warm. Sommer ist es heiß. Herbst ist es kühl. Winter ist es kalt. fall winter It’s It’s It’s It’s – der Herbst – der Winter warm in the spring. hot in the summer. cool in the fall. cold in the winter. Colors (die Farben) blau braun gelb grau grün lila orange rosa rot schwarz weiß blue brown yellow gray green violet/purple orange pink red black white Places The Classroom (das Klassenzimmer) die Tür – the door das Fenster – the window der Tisch – the table hell dunkel hellblau dunkelblau silbern gold light dark light blue dark blue silver gold 10 GERMAN IN ACTION der Stuhl – the chair das Bild – the picture der Student – the student die Studentin – the (female) student der Lehrer – the teacher die Lehrerin – the (female) teacher der Professor – the professor die Professorin – the (female) professor die Tafel – the blackboard die Kreide – the chalk der Filzstift – the felt marker der Schwamm – the eraser die Wand – the wall die Wandkarte – the wall map die Wanduhr – the wall clock das Buch – the book das Heft – the notebook die Projektionswand – the projection screen das VCR System – the VCR system das DVD System – the DVD system die DVD – the DVD die VCR-Kassette – the VCR cassette der Monitor – the monitor The Desk (der Schreibtisch) das Lineal – the ruler der Tischkalender – the desk calendar der Kugelschreiber (der Kuli)– the ballpoint pen der Bleistift – the pencil der Filzstift – the felt pen/marker die Aktenklammer – the papercli p der Hefter – the stapler das Radiergummi – the (rubber) eraser der Bleistiftspitzer – the pencil sharpener der Taschenrechner – the pocket calculator die Zifferntasten – the numeral keys die Funktionstasten – the function keys die Ist-gleich-Taste – the equals key die Kommataste – the decimal key die π-Taste – the pi key der Klebstreifenhalter – the tape holder die Klebstreifenrolle – the tape roll The House (das Haus) das Einfamilienhaus – the single family dwelling die Wohnung – the apartment CHAPTER 1 GETTING STARTED das Dach – the roof der Dachboden (der Speicher) – the attic der Schornstein – the chimney die Dachrinne – the rain gutter der Blitzableiter – the lightning rod die Antenne – the antenna das Fenster – the window die Haustür – the (main entry) door The Livingroom (das Wohnzimmer) das Sofa – the sofa das Sofakissen – the sofa cushion die Couch – the couch der Couchtisch – the coffee table der Teppich – the carpet das Bild (die Bilder) – the picture die Gardinen – the drapes die Jalousien – the Venetian blinds der Fernseher – the television set die Lampe – the lamp die Stereoanlage – the stereo die CD – the CD der CD Spieler – the CD player die DVD – the DVD der Vorleger – the throw rug das Bücherregal – the bookcase der Schrank – the (China) cabinet der Lehnstuhl – the recliner der Sessel – the easy chair die Zimmerpflanzen – the room plants The Kitchen (die Küche) das Spülbecken – the sink der Wasserhahn – the faucet der Ofen (Backofen) – the oven der Herd – the stovetop der Kühlschrank (der Eisschrank) – the refrigerator die Waschmaschine – the washer die Trockenmaschine – the dryer die Geschirrspülmaschine (die Spülmaschine) – the dishwasher der Teller – the plate das Besteck – the silverware der Löffel – the spoon der Teelöffel – the teaspoon der Esslöffel – the tablespoon der Suppenlöffel – the soup spoon 11 12 GERMAN IN ACTION die Gabel – the fork das Messer – the knife der Küchentisch – the kitchen table die Küchenlampe – the kitchen light der Stuhl (die Stühle) – the chair der Geschirrschrank – the dish cabinet die Kaffeemaschine – the coffee machine der Abfallkorb – the trash basket der Mop – the mop der Besen – the broom das Bügeleisen – the iron das Bügelbrett – the ironing board der Staubsauger – the vacuum der Aufnehmer – cleaning rag The Bedroom (das Schlafzimmer) das Bett – the bed das Bettgestell – the bed frame die Bettkonsole – the bed console die Decke – the cover die Matraze – the mattress das Bettuch – the sheet das Kopfkissen – the pillow die Kommode – the chest of drawers der Spiegel – the mirror die Schublade – the drawer das Bücherregal – the bookcase der Kleiderschrank – the clothes cabinet der Bettvorleger – the throw rug der Nachttisch – the night stand The Dining Room (das Esszimmer) der Esstisch – the dining table der Esszimmerstuhl – the chair der Teller – the plate/dish der Suppenteller – the soup bowl die Kaffeekanne – the coffee pot die Kaffeetasse – the coffee cup die Untertasse – the saucer die Teekanne – the teapot die Teetasse – the teacup das Besteck – the silverware der Löffel – the spoon der Teelöffel – the teaspoon CHAPTER 1 GETTING STARTED der Esslöffel – the tablespoon der Suppenlöffel – the soupspoon die Gabel – the fork die Salatgabel – the salad fork das Messer – the knife das Buttermesser – the butter knife das Käsemesser – the cheese knife das Fischmesser – the fish knife das Glas – the glass das Bierglas – the beer glass die Weinflasche – the wine bottle das Weinglas – the wineglass das Weißweinglas – the white wine glass das Rotweinglas – the red wine glass das Kristallglas – the champagne glass der Korkenzieher – the corkscrew die Vitrine – China cabinet The Bathroom (das Badezimmer) die Badewanne – the bathtub die Dusche – the shower die Duschkabine – the shower stall der Brausenkopf – the showerhead der Duschvorhang – the shower curtains die Toilette – the toilet das Toilettenpapier – the toilet paper der Toilettenpapierhalter – the toilet paper holder das Waschbecken – the sink der Wasserhahn – the water faucet die Badematte – the bathmat die Seife – the soap der Seifenbehälter – the soap holder das Badetuch – the bath towel das Handtuch – the hand towel der Handtuchhalter – the hand towel holder der Waschlappen – the face cloth der Medizinschrank – the medicine cabinet der Rasierapparat – the razor der elektronische Rasierapparat – the electric razor die Klinge – the razorblade die After-shave Lotion (die After-shave) – the aftershave lotion der Spiegel – the mirror die Waage – the scale der Wäschebehälter – the clothes hamper die Kachel – the tile 13 14 GERMAN IN ACTION The Garden (der Garten) das Gras – the grass der Rasen – the lawn der Rasensprenger – the lawn sprinkler das Schwimmbecken – the pool der Sonnenschirm – the umbrella der Gartenstuhl – the garden chair der Liegestuhl – the chaise lounge der Gartentisch – the garden table die Terasse – the terrace/lanai/veranda das Spalier – the lattice der Zaun – the fence die Gartentreppe – the garden stairs der Baum – the tree die Eiche – the oak die Tanne – the pine der Kirschbaum – the cherry tree der Pflaumenbaum – the plum tree die Hecke – the hedge die Blume – the flower die Rose – the rose der Rosendorn – the rose thorn die Nelke – the carnations die Kornblume – the corn flowers die Pilze – the mushrooms die Giftpilze – the toadstools Useful Expressions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Guten Morgen! Guten Tag! Hallo! Grüß Gott! Servus! 6. Guten Abend! Good evening! 7. Wie geht es Ihnen? How are you? (formal) 8. Wie geht es dir?/Wie geht’s? How are you? (informal) 9. Es geht mir gut/schlecht. I’m (doing) well/lousy. 10. Mir geht’s gut/schlecht. I’m (doing) well/lousy. 11. Ich fühle mich gut/schlecht. I’m feeling fine/lousy. 12. Auf Wiedersehen Goodbye. 13. Auf Wiederhören Goodbye (on the telephone). 14. Tschüß Goodbye. 15. Ich heiße Schmitt. My name’s Schmitt. } } } } Good morning! Hello/Good Day! Hello Hello (Southern German) Hello (Austrian) CHAPTER 1 15 GETTING STARTED 16. Er heißt Schmitt. His name’s Schmitt. 17. Sie heißt Schmitt. Her name’s Schmitt. 18. Wie heißen Sie? What’s your name? 19. Wie heißt er? What’s his name? 20. Wie heißt sie? What’s her name? 21. Es freut mich, Sie kennenzulernen. Pleased to meet you. 22. Das ist Herr/Frau/(Fräulein Schmitt)*. That’s Mr./Mrs./(Miss Schmitt).* 23. Darf ich Sie vorstellen? May I introduce you? 24. Ja. Yes. 25. Nein. No, 26. Danke. Thank you. 27. Bitte. Please/You’re welcome. 28. die Seite the page 29. das Buch the book 30. die Zeile the line (on a page) 31. Seite Nummer… page number… 32. Öffnen Sie das Buch. Open your book. 33. Öffnen Sie das Buch auf Seite sieben. Open your book to page seven. 34. Machen Sie das Buch zu. Close the book. 35. Lesen Sie, bitte. Please read. 36. Lesen Sie bitte laut. Please read loudly. 37. Lesen Sie auf Seite sieben. Read on to page seven. 38. Lesen Sie Zeile zehn. Read line ten. 39. Sie lesen wunderbar! You read wonderfully! 40. Sie lesen fantastisch! You read fantastically! 41. Sie lesen ausgezeichnet! You read excellently! 42. Wiederholen Sie, bitte. Please repeat. 43. Wiederholen Sie zusammen. Repeat together. 44. Sprechen Sie, bitte. Please speak. 45. Sprechen Sie lauter, bitte. Please speak more loudly. 46. Sprechen Sie bitte lauter. Please speak more loudly. 47. Sie sind an der Reihe. You’re next. 48. Überspringen Sie mich, bitte. Please ski p me. *The term “Fräulein” is becoming socially outdated, although you may still hear it used to mean “waitress.” The term “Mädchen” refers to a young girl only, except in the term “ein Mädchen für alles” which is still used to mean “a girl Friday.” 16 GERMAN IN ACTION 49. Wie heißt das Wort auf Deutsch? What’s that word in German? 50. Wie buchstabieren Sie das Wort? How do you spell that word? 51. Sie lernen schnell. You learn quickly. 52. Sie lernen das leicht. You learn that easily. 53. Ich lerne Deutsch. I’m studying German. 54. Ich spreche Deutsch. I speak German. 55. Ich spreche Deutsch und Englisch. I speak German and English. 56. Ich habe Deutsch sehr gern. I like German very much. 57. Deutsch ist sehr romantisch. German is very romantic. 58. Deutsch ist fantastisch. German is fantastic. 59. Deutsch macht Spaß. German’s fun! 60. Entschuldigen Sie mich, bitte. Please excuse me. 61. Entschuldigen Sie, bitte. Please excuse me. (more general) 62. Woher kommen Sie? Where are you from? 63. Ich stamme aus Deutschland. I’m originally from Germany. 64. Wohin gehen Sie? Where are you going? 65. Ich gehe zum Deutschunterricht. I’m going to my German class. 66. Ich gehe zum Chemieunterricht. I’m going to my chemistry class. 67. Warten Sie auf mich, bitte! Please wait for me. 68. Warte bitte! Please wait (for me). (informal) 69. Ich habe eine kleine Verspätung. I’ve had a little delay. 70. Ich bin spät. I’m late. 71. Ich bin früh. I’m early. 72. Sie sind spät. You’re late. 73. Sie sind früh angekommen. You arrived early. 74. 75. 76. Wie spät ist es? Wieviel Uhr ist es? Es ist neun Uhr. What time is it? What time is it? It’s nine o’clock. 77. Es ist halb neun. It’s eight thirty. 78. Es ist Viertel nach neun. It’s quarter after nine. 79. Es ist Viertel vor neun. It’s quarter to nine. 80. Es ist fünf vor neun. It’s five to nine. 81. Es ist fünf nach neun. It’s five after nine. 82. Ich habe es eilig. I’m in a hurry. 83. Ich muß mich beeilen. I have to hurry up. CHAPTER 1 17 GETTING STARTED 84. Plaudern wir! Let’s talk (shoot the breeze). 85. Das macht Spaß. That’s fun. 86. Das ist langweilig. That’s boring. 87. Das ist Quatsch! That’s baloney! 88. Das ist Unsinn. That’s nonsense. 89. Es ist Feierabend! It’s quitting time. 90. Das ist eine Neuigkeit. That’s news. (something new) 91. Ich muss ins Bett. I’ve got to get to bed. 92. Ich muss schlafen. I’ve got to sleep. 93. Ich muss aufstehen. I’ve got to get up. 94. Ich muss arbeiten. I’ve got to work. 95. Im Winter ist es kalt. It’s cold in the winter. 96. Im Sommer ist es heiß. It’s hot in the summer. 97. Im Mai ist es warm. In May it’s warm. 98. Im Oktober ist es kühl. In October it’s cool. 99. Letzten Winter war es sehr kalt. Last winter it was very cold. 100. Nächsten Herbst wird es kühl werden. Next fall it will be cool. A Note on the New German Orthography In 1997, Germans made changes in writing the language that are called The New German Orthography (die neue deutsche Rechtschreibung ). The new orthographic changes attempt to ensure continuity and simplification where there was previously imprecision and confusion. To be sure, the changes are many and in brief relate to 1) the phonetic environment in single words; 2) capitalization with relation to such parts of speech as verbs, prepositions, adjectives, and others; 3) special uses of adjective forms; 4) special uses of pronouns; words written together and separately in noun forms, verb forms, partici pial forms, adjectival forms, in combination with the verb sein, and similar changes in other orthographic envirionments; 5) the use of the dashes with respect to German words or loan words from English; rules for word separation at the end of lines; and 6) the use of commas. As is obvious from this brief listing, these new orthographic rules are comprehensive, compendius, and certainly daunting. Learning these rules involves the keenest competence in the laguage as well as a grammarian’s penchant for detail. Unfortunately, although many Germans have accepted the rules, there is still some resistance to many of these changes, even from well-known periodicals. As a consequence, we will mostly maintain orthographic rules as they were previously employed with the exception of the use of “ss” in appropriate environments where the so-called sharp “ß” used to be employed. Now, “ss” is used after short vowels, and “ß” remains after long vowels. In this way we hope that students, like the Germans themselves, will become more comfortable using more of the recommended changes at a future date and after further study.
