Gerund or Infinitive?

Transcription

CONTENTS – PMP 4
1. Revision: Comparison ..………………………………..
1
2. Revision: some, any .………………………………...…
8
3. Revision: Passive voice …………………………..……
15
4. Revision: Adverbs of manner, adverbs of degree ..
27
5. Phrasal verbs …………………………..…………….…
35
6. Modal verbs used with the perfect infinitive .………...
43
7. Revision: Future ………………….………………….…..
50
8. Revision: Past perfect .………………………………....
56
9. Revision: Reported statements .……………………...
63
10. Reported questions ..………………………………..…
75
11. Reported imperatives …………………………..…..….
85
12. Reported speech – mixed sentences .………………..
95
13. Infinitive constructions with and without to .……... 105
14. Infinitive – shortening of sentences .……………….. 111
15. Verb + object + infinitive (AcI) ……………………….. 117
16. The passive infinitive used with auxiliary verbs .... 121
17. The perfect infinitive used with auxiliary verbs ...... 124
18. Gerund .……………..…………………………………… 129
19. Gerund or Infinitive? ................................................. 139
20. Gerund – shortening of sentences ……….………… 148
21. If-sentences: Type I, II and III ..……...…………….…. 154
22. Contact clauses .....…………………………..………… 164
23. Participle clauses ...………………………....………… 169
Die Seiten an dieser Stelle sind
in der Leseprobe nicht verfügbar.
Infinitive constructions
Nennform Konstruktionen
Der Infinitiv mit „to“ steht:
● nach Verben wie zB
afford
agree
arrange
decide
expect
forget*
happen
hesitate
hope
learn
sich etwas leisten
zustimmen
verabreden
sich entschließen
erwarten
vergessen
zufällig tun
zögern
hoffen
lernen
*(auch mit –ing Form!)
like*
manage
offer
plan
prefer*
pretend
promise
refuse
seem
want
mögen
etwas schaffen, gelingen
anbieten
planen
vorziehen
vortäuschen
versprechen
sich weigern, ablehnen
scheinen als ob
wollen
We can’t afford to buy such an expensive car.
They agreed to work overtime.
I decided not to tell him anything. (Verneinter Infinitiv)
I don’t expect to be invited. (Passiver Infinitiv)
They forgot to call me.
We hope to get a message from her.
She learned to live on very little money.
Joe managed to talk to the president.
We offered to keep his dog.
They pretended to have forgotten. (Infinitiv der Vergangenheit)
● nach Adjektiven (wie im Deutschen)
It is useless to ask her these questions.
This text is difficult to understand.
Are you ready to go?
It’s too cold to go swimming.
Your house was not easy to find.
He isn’t tall enough to touch the box.
Losing a child is the worst thing to happen. (... ist das Schlimmste, was einem passieren kann.)
(ebenso nach the best, the first, the last, the only)
● nach Fragewörtern (um Fragesätze zu verkürzen)
He didn’t know what to say. (= what he should say)
She told me exactly where to go. (= where I should go)
We had no idea how to solve the problem. (= how we should solve the problem)
Das Vervielfältigen der Leseprobe ist laut Österr. Urheberrechtsgesetz strafbar.
© VOWA Verlag – PMP4
105
Verb + Objekt + Infinitiv mit „to“ (AcI):
● nach Verben wie zB
advise
allow
ask
expect
forbid
force
get
hate
invite
love
Übersetzt wird mit Nennformgruppe, dass- oder wenn-Satz!
raten
erlauben
ersuchen
erwarten
verbieten
zwingen
veranlassen, dazu bringen
hassen
einladen
lieben
order
persuade
show how
suppose
teach
tell
want
warn
(would) like
befehlen
überreden
zeigen wie
vermuten
lehren
anordnen
wünschen
warnen
mögen
The doctor advised me to go on a diet. Der Arzt riet mir, auf Diät zu gehen. (Nennformgruppe)
Mum didn’t allow us to stay up late. Mama erlaubte uns nicht, lange aufzubleiben. (Nennformgruppe)
We asked her to explain that again. Wir ersuchten sie, das noch einmal zu erklären. (Nennformgruppe)
The teacher warned him not to cheat. Der Lehrer warnte ihn, nicht zu schwindeln. (negativer Infinitiv)
I expect you to learn more. Ich erwarte, dass du mehr lernst!
We love her to talk about Scotland. Wir lieben es, wenn sie von Schottland erzählt.
We’d like them to join us. Wir hätten gerne, dass sie sich uns anschließen.
Note the difference!
Do you want to help her? Willst du ihr helfen?
Do you want me to help her? Willst du, dass ich ihr helfe?
I want to help him. Ich will ihm helfen.
I want you to help him! Ich will, dass du ihm hilfst!
We want to visit her. Wir wollen sie besuchen.
We want him to visit her. Wir wollen, dass er sie besucht.
Do you want to come in? Willst du herein kommen?
Do you want her to come in? Willst du, dass sie herein kommt?
Die Objekt-Pronomen
muss ich wiederholen!
dass ich
dass du
dass er
dass sie
dass es
dass wir
dass ihr
dass sie
me
you
him
her
it
us
you
them
I don’t want to see them again. Ich möchte sie nicht wieder sehen.
I don’t want you (Tim and Tom) to see them again. Ich möchte nicht, dass ihr sie wieder seht.
Do you want to show me the film? Willst du mir den Film zeigen?
Do you want them to show you the film? Willst du, dass sie dir den Film zeigen?
106
Der Infinitiv ohne „to“ steht nach:
● modal verbs:
You must help me.
● let – make – have (in der Bedeutung von „lassen“ bzw. „veranlassen“):
Don’t let me wait! I’ll make you learn!
● had better (not) sollte lieber (nicht) –
had / would rather (not) würde lieber (nicht):
You had better keep your mouth shut!
I’d rather not tell him the truth!
● see*, hear*, watch*, notice* (bemerken), observe* (beobachten), feel *
*diese Verben können auch mit dem Partizip in Verbindung stehen! (siehe p.169)
Did they see him come? Nobody heard me go!
● dem 2. Infinitiv nach and, or, but, except
● nach why not:
Why not tell him the truth right now?
I’d rather have a break
now, but I had better
study these rules again!
Why not do it right
now?
107
Infinitive with or without “to”
Insert “to” where necessary before the infinitives!
Basic level:
1. I helped the old lady
carry her bag.
2. May I …..… use your mobile phone?
3. Do you want …….. see the house where Mozart was born?
4. You can …….. speak English quite well!
5. I’d like …….. go now!
6. We always hear them ……… come home late.
7. Could you ………. tell us the time?
8. I didn’t see him ………. enter the house.
9. Please, let me ……… go home now!
10. Sorry, I forgot ………. tell you that Sam was ill.
11. We promised our parents not ……. spend all our money on comics.
12. Don’t forget ……… call him before eight!
13. Where would you like ……… go?
14. You can …... leave your bag with us if you don’t want ….… carry it.
15. They planned ……… spend the weekend at the seaside.
16. We’d like him ……… study medicine.
17. It’s not easy …….. write everything correctly.
18. We are sorry ……… keep you waiting.
19. Mr Brown offered ……… take us home in his car.
20. Visitors are asked not ……… feed the animals.
21. Do you know how ……… use this machine?
22. We felt the earth ……. shake under our feet.
23. He seemed ……. be quite happy when we left.
24. Don’t forget ……… feed the dog while I’m away!
25. This box is too heavy for you …….. carry. Let me ……. help you!
26. Bye, bye! We are going …….. leave!
Solutions:
2. use 3. to see 4. speak 5. to go 6. come 7. tell 8. enter 9. go 10. to tell 11. to spend 12. to call
13. to go 14. leave – to carry 15. to spend 16. to study 17. to write 18. to keep 19. to take 20. to
feed 21. to use 22. shake 23. to be 24. to feed 25. to carry – help 26. to leave (future)
108
Intermediate level:
27. She made us ……… do it again.
28. He will be able …….. walk soon.
29. You needn’t ……… say anything.
30. I’m afraid they won’t let me ………. invite all my friends.
31. I wouldn’t let my daughter ……… put on my dresses!
32. We refused ……… do what he wanted.
33. They expected me ……….. arrive the next day.
34. They couldn’t ……… remember our address.
35. You should learn …….. behave yourself!
36. I’d like her ……… study law but she doesn’t want ………!
37. I’d prefer ……… visit a museum.
38. We are sorry …… disappoint you but we won’t let you ….. come in!
39. I hope I’ll be able ………. do it myself when I am older.
40. It’s easy ………. be wise afterwards.
41. If you don’t remember his address, you’d better ………. call him!
42. It’s better ……. be safe than sorry!
43. You needn’t …….. ask for permission all the time!
44. Hamlet: “……… be or not …….. be that’s the question!”
45. Would you like me …….. drive you home? – No, I prefer ……. walk!
46. You are always the last ……….. finish your test!
47. They had better ………. take off their shoes outside.
48. He pretended …... be ill because he didn’t want …... be examined.
49. We advised her …….. ask the bus conductor ……. tell her where
…… get off.
50. The bank robber made the cashier ……… hand him all the money.
51. Do you know how ……… open this safe?
Solutions:
27. do 28. to walk 29. say 30. invite 31. put 32. to do 33. to arrive 34. remember 35. to behave
36. to study – to! 37. to visit 38. to disappoint – come 39. to do 40. to be 41. call 42. to be 43. ask
44. to be – to be 45. to drive – to walk 46. to finish 47. take 48. to be – to be 49. to ask – to tell – to
get 50. hand 51. to open
109
High level:
52. We happened …….. meet at the opera!
53. We made her …..…. repeat the song several times.
54. They used ……… live in the country in a small cottage.
55. If you want ……… get there in time you should ………. hurry up!
56. How dare you ………. read my diary!
57. They ought …… go now!
58. She was not sure whether …….. buy the coat or …….. leave it.
59. We persuaded them ……… stay for one more week.
60. We don’t dare ……... tell them the whole truth.
61. When I was young I used ……. smoke a packet of cigarettes a day!
62. Could you help me ……… move that heavy locker?
63. You needn’t ……… say good-bye now.
64. Please let me ……….. know your decision as soon as possible.
65. Need I ……. come? I’d rather …….. stay at home and …… relax.
66. You had better ………… wash your hands!
67. He is said ……… be the best surgeon in this area. (Chirurg)
68. Do you dare ……….. show your parents this test?
69. You needn’t …….. apologize all the time!
70. How dare you ……… open my letters!
71. It’s up to you …….. decide whether …… stay at home or …. go out.
72. Macy was the only person …….. survive the air-crash.
73. He’d sooner …… die than ….. give the secret away! (das Geheimnis verraten)
74. Charles Lindbergh was the first …….. fly across the Atlantic Ocean.
Solutions:
52. We happened to meet (Wir trafen uns zufällig) 53. repeat 54. used to live (= lebten früher einmal) 55. to
get – hurry 56. How dare you read …! = How do you dare to read …! (zwei Möglichkeiten bei Frage und
Verneinung von need und dare!) 57. to go 58. to buy or leave (Der zweite Infinitiv nach and, or, but, except wird ohne
to verwendet! – p. 107!) 59. to stay 60. We don’t dare to tell = We dare not tell them …! 61. used to
smoke (= pflegte zu rauchen, rauchte früher einmal) 62. (to) move 63. You needn’t say = You don’t need to
say …! (zwei Möglichkeiten bei Frage und Verneinung von need und dare!) 64. know 65. come? – stay – relax 66.
wash 67. He is said to be (Man sagt, er sei) 68. Do you dare to show = Dare you show (zwei Möglichkeiten
bei Frage und Verneinung von need und dare!) 69. apologize 70. open 71. to decide – to stay – go (2. Infinitiv –
p.107!) 72. to survive 73. He’d sooner die (Er würde eher sterben als...) – give 74. to fly
110
Infinitive: shortening of sentences
Use an infinitive construction to shorten the sentences.
Basic level:
1. The man who sent you the flowers is a friend of mine.
The man
you the flowers is a friend of mine.
2. Mary is not the one who you should ask for money.
……………………………………………………………………………..
3. The Wright brothers were the first that constructed an aeroplane.
……………………………………………………………………………..
4. Fred was the last person that arrived.
……………………………………………………………………………..
5. Were you the only one that survived that air-crash?
……………………………………………………………………………..
6. Is there anybody that can help me with my English homework?
……………………………………………………………………………..
7. We need a coin that I can put into the trolley. (Einkaufswagen)
……………………………………………………………………………..
8. There are still a lot of homework books that I must correct.
……………………………………………………………………………..
9. I haven’t got a suitable dress that I could wear at the theatre.
……………………………………………………………………………..
10. Have you got a hammer with which I can hang up that picture?
……………………………………………………………………… with?
11. We were very happy when we left.
……………………………………………………………………………..
Solutions:
2. Mary isn’t the one to ask for money. 3. The Wright brothers were the first to construct an aeroplane.
4. Fred was the last (person) to arrive. 5. Were you the only one to survive the air-crash? 6. Is there
anybody to help me with my English homework? 7. We need a coin to put into the trolley. 8. There
are still a lot of homework books to correct. 9. I haven’t got a suitable dress to wear at the theatre.
10. Have you got a hammer to hang the picture up with? 11. We were very happy to leave.
111
Rewrite the sentences using an infinitive construction!
Intermediate level:
12. He’s very sorry that he must leave you alone.
……………………………………………………………………………..
13. Do you know where we should put our shoes?
……………………………………………………………………………..
14. I don’t know how I could help you.
……………………………………………………………………………..
15. Mum can tell you how you can get to Mr Brown’s house.
……………………………………………………………………………..
16. Sally wondered what she should start with.
……………………………………………………………………………..
17. Fred has not decided yet where he is going to stay.
……………………………………………………………………………..
18. I don’t know what I shall say when he asks me.
……………………………………………………………………………..
19. Do you know how long you shall work on this?
……………………………………………………………………………..
20. The teachers explained us how we should study the vocabulary.
……………………………………………………………………………..
21. Is there anybody that could show me how this machine works?
……………………………………………………………………………..
22. Mr Gordon was the last person that paid his bill.
……………………………………………………………………………..
Solutions:
12. He’s very sorry to leave you alone. 13. Do you know where to put our shoes? 14. I don’t know
how to help you. 15. Mum can tell you how to get to Mr Brown’s house. 16. Sally wondered what to
start with. 17. Fred hasn’t decided yet where to stay. 18. I don’t know what to say when he asks me.
19. Do you know how long to work on this? 20. The teachers explained us how to study the
vocabulary. 21. Is there anybody to show me how this machine works? 22. Mr Gordon was the last
person to pay his bill.
112
High level:
23. My brother was the next person that got the flu.
……………………………………………………………………………..
24. They would be happy if they could have you with them.
……………………………………………………………………………..
25. We wanted to know how we could get to the station.
……………………………………………………………………………..
26. He asked when he should be there.
……………………………………………………………………………..
27. She is the only person that I can trust.
……………………………………………………………………………..
28. You are the only one that we tell everything.
……………………………………………………………………………..
29. The most important question is how much we must pay.
……………………………………………………………………………..
30. It is so late that we can’t call the Simpsons now.
……………………………………………………………………………..
31. Dad was so weak that he couldn’t get up at all.
……………………………………………………………………………..
32. I have no idea what I shall buy for Mum’s birthday.
……………………………………………………………………………..
33. I’m sorry that I’ve kept you waiting.
……………………………………………………………………………..
Solutions:
23. My brother was the next person to get the flu. 24. They would be happy to have you with them.
25. We wanted to know how to get to the station. 26. He asked when to be there. 27. She is the only
person (for me) to trust. (Bei zwei verschiedenen Subjekten ist die Hervorhebung des zweiten mit for möglich) 28. You
are the only one (for us) to tell everything. 29. The most important question (for us) is how much to
pay. 30. It’s too late to call the Simpsons now. 31. Dad was too weak to get up. 32. I have no idea
what to buy for Mum’s birthday. 33. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. (Infinitive perfect)
113
High level:
34. It is impossible that you disturb him now.
……………………………………………………………………………..
35. This box is so heavy that you can’t carry it alone.
……………………………………………………………………………..
36. They told me that I should leave the keys under the door mat.
……………………………………………………………………………..
Note: The original sentences would not be used!
37. It is certain that she will arrive tomorrow.
38. It is sure that they won’t come before seven.
……………………………………………………………………………..
39. It is certain that he will win the race.
……………………………………………………………………………..
40. It isn’t certain that she will be able to come.
……………………………………………………………………………..
41. It isn’t certain that we will buy a new car.
……………………………………………………………………………..
42. Is it quite certain that you will pass the examination?
……………………………………………………………………………..
43. Isn’t it sure that you will manage that?
……………………………………………………………………………..
Solutions:
34. It’s impossible (for you) to disturb him now. 35. This box is too heavy (for you) to carry it alone.
36. They told me to leave the keys under the door mat. 37. (Two different subjects are changed to
one!) 38. They are sure not to come before seven. 39. He is certain to win the race. 40. She isn’t
certain to be able to come. 41. We aren’t certain to buy a new car. 42. Are you certain to pass the
examination? 43. Aren’t you sure to manage that?
114
High level:
44. They say that he is an excellent politician.
(Er soll ….. sein.)
45. They say that she is very intelligent.
……………………………………………………………………………..
46. They suppose that I will start work at eight.
……………………………………………………………………………..
47. He ordered that we should get the guest rooms ready.
……………………………………………………………………………..
48. They request that you don’t smoke in the living room.
……………………………………………………………………………..
49. They supposed that she was dead.
……………………………………………………………………………..
50. They consider that he will be the next president. (halten für, ansehen für)
……………………………………………………………………………..
51. They considered that I was a fool.
……………………………………………………………………………..
52. They consider that we are very rich.
……………………………………………………………………………..
53. They proved that he was a spy. (beweisen, nachweisen)
……………………………………………………………………………..
Solutions:
44. (Two different subjects are changed to one! – Passiv-Konstruktion!) 45. She is said to be very intelligent.
(Sie soll, man sagt von ihr) 46. I am supposed to start work at eight. (ich soll, man erwartet von mir) 47. We
were ordered to get the guest rooms ready. 48. You are requested not to smoke in the living room.
49. She was supposed to be dead. 50. He is considered to be the next president. 51. I was
considered to be a fool. (Ich wurde für einen Narren gehalten) 52. We are considered to be very rich. 53.
He was proved to be a spy. (Ihm wurde nachgewiesen…)
115
High level:
54. It is not allowed that we leave the school during the break.
……………………………………………………………………………..
55. Everybody believed that they had perished in the desert. (umkommen)
……………………………………………………………………………..
56. Everybody knows that she is a good basketball player.
……………………………………………………………………………..
57. They expect that you don’t play loud music after ten o’clock.
……………………………………………………………………………..
58. The boss told the secretary that she should reserve a single room.
……………………………………………………………………………..
59. It is not allowed that servants use the front door.
……………………………………………………………………………..
60. Everybody knows that I am an early riser. (Frühaufsteher)
……………………………………………………………………………..
... and I am known
to be a person who is
slow in the uptake.
(Spätzünder)
Solutions:
54. We are not allowed to leave the school during the break. 55. They were believed to have
perished in the desert. (Infinitive perfect) 56. She is known to be a good basketball player. 57. You are
expected not to play loud music after ten o’clock. 58. The secretary was told to reserve a single
room. 59. Servants are not allowed to use the front door. 60. I am known to be an early riser.
116
Verb + Object + Infinitive with “to”
Find the corresponding parts! Underline the object!
Basic level:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
Ich möchte, dass du mir hilfst.
We expect you to be polite.
Er möchte, dass sie ihm hilft.
We want you to study now.
Wir möchten, dass du jetzt lernst.
I don’t like him to tease me.
Ich mag nicht, wenn du zu spät kommst.
I asked him not to interrupt me.
Sie mögen nicht, wenn wir schwätzen.
He tells us to practice more.
Sie befiehlt uns, unsere Schuhe zu putzen.
1.
I want you to help me.
Er hasst es, wenn ich ihn alleine lasse.
Do you want me to help you?
Möchtest du, dass ich jetzt gehe?
I reminded her to water the flowers.
Wir erwarten, dass du höflich bist.
He forced me to work for him.
Er warnte uns, hier nicht zu parken.
They expect us to come punctually.
Ich bat ihn, mich nicht zu unterbrechen.
He didn’t allow us to go to the cinema.
Ich erinnerte sie, die Blumen zu gießen.
They forbade us to watch the film.
Bitte erinnert uns, die Fotos mitzubringen.
I don’t like you to be late.
Wir glauben, dass er sehr krank ist.
She allowed him to take her car.
Er sagt, dass wir mehr üben sollen.
She orders us to clean our shoes.
Sie erwarten, dass wir pünktlich kommen.
He wants her to help him.
Ich erwarte, dass du dich entschuldigst.
She wants you to visit her more often.
Sie verboten uns, den Film anzusehen.
We want you to be honest.
Er zwang mich, für ihn zu arbeiten.
He ordered us to open our suitcases.
Sie erlaubte ihm, ihr Auto zu nehmen.
He hates me to leave him alone.
Er erlaubte uns nicht, ins Kino zu gehen.
They don’t like us to chat.
Ich mag es nicht, wenn er mich hänselt.
We believe him to be very ill.
Wir wollen, dass ihr ehrlich seid.
I expect you to apologize.
Willst du, dass ich dir helfe?
Do you want me to go now?
Er befahl uns, unsere Koffer zu öffnen.
He warned us not to park here.
Sie möchte, dass du sie öfter besuchst.
Please, remind us to take the photos
with us.
Solutions:
9. – 3. – 22. – 11. – 15. – 1. – 24. – 12. – 19. – 16. – 21. – 18. – 4. – 20. – 6. – 2. – 26. – 23. – 25. – 7.
– 5. – 14. – 17. – 8. – 10. – 13.
117
Verb + object + infinitive with or without “to”
Repeat the rules in the grammar box, underline the verbs and then
decide whether to use the infinitive with or without “to”!
Intermediate level:
27. Our teacher expects us
keep all the rules in mind.
28. I advise you ………… buy this car. It’s a special offer!
29. We didn’t hear him ……….. knock at the door.
30. They don’t do everything their teacher tells them ………. do.
31. We asked them ……….. come again the next day.
32. Sally watched Frank ……….. take money from her purse.
33. Just you wait! I’ll make you ………. study!
34. Our teachers forbid us ……….. use dictionaries during tests.
35. She advised him not ………. drive home in that stormy weather.
36. The teacher observed some of his pupils ………… cheat.
37. Why do you always want me ………… go out with Susan?
38. Linda, let me ……….. use your bike, please!
39. Everybody expects me ………….. lose weight.
40. Stop it! I can’t hear you ……… slurp your soup any more!
41. The teacher ordered us …………. listen carefully.
42. What made her ………. think that he wasn’t telling the truth?
43. Mrs Brown forced her son ……… study the vocabulary every day.
44. Dad told little Billy not ………….. shout all the time.
45. The teacher reminded me not …………. forget the signature again!
46. I felt his hand ……… tremble with fear. (zittern)
47. Mum expects me …………. be the best in class.
48. Shall I show you how ………… solve that problem?
49. They warned us not ……….. take photos in the museum.
50. We advise you ……….. see a doctor immediately.
51. I’d like you …………. take me home at once!
Solutions:
28. to buy 29. knock 30. to do 31. to come 32. take 33. study 34. to use 35. to drive 36. cheat 37.
to go 38. use 39. to lose 40. slurp 41. to listen 42. think 43. to study 44. to shout 45. to forget 46.
tremble 47. to be 48. to solve 49. to take 50. to see 51. to take
118
Verb + object + infinitive with “to”
Translate the following sentences using the infinitive with “to”!
Intermediate level:
52. Meine Schwester möchte, dass ich ihr Zimmer verlasse.
53. Unser Englisch Lehrer möchte, dass wir Englische Bücher lesen.
54. Ich möchte, dass ihr bis morgen einen Bericht schreibt.
55. Er wollte nicht, dass wir ihn alleine lassen.
56. Ihre Lehrerin will, dass sie während der Stunden absolut still sind.
57. Ann hätte gern, dass du etwas netter zu ihr bist.
58. Mein Freund wollte, dass ich mit ihm zum Fußballplatz gehe.
59. Der Bibliothekar erwartete, dass ich das Buch sofort zurückbringe.
60. Papa befahl mir, bis spätestens 10 Uhr zurück zu sein.
61. Mama sagte, dass ich das Geschirr waschen muss.
62. Mein Bruder sagte, dass ich den Mülleimer ausleeren soll.
63. Ich hätte gerne, dass er mir seine Telefonnummer gibt.
64. Die Polizei befahl uns, stehen zu bleiben.
65. Mein Chef erwartete, dass ich um 7 Uhr da bin.
66. Sie sagte mir, ich solle im Wartezimmer bleiben.
67. Möchtest du, dass ich dir den Weg zeige?
68. Meine Eltern möchten nicht, dass ich Alkohol trinke.
69. Bitte erinnere mich, ihn später anzurufen.
70. Ich erwarte nicht, dass er die Wahrheit sagt.
71. Wir erwarten, dass ihr euer Bestes gebt.
72. Mama erinnerte uns daran, unsere Aufgaben jetzt zu machen.
73. Mrs Gordon teilte ihnen mit, dass sie bar bezahlen müssen.
Solutions:
52. My sister wants me to leave her room. 53. Our English teacher wants us to read English books.
54. I want you to write a report by tomorrow. 55. He didn’t want us to leave him alone. 56. Their
teacher wants them to be absolutely quiet during the lessons. 57. Ann would like you to be a bit nicer
to her. 58. My friend wanted me to go to the football ground with him. 59. The librarian expected me
to return the book immediately. 60. Dad ordered me to be back by ten. 61. Mum told me to wash the
dishes. 62. My brother told me to empty the dust bin. 63. I’d like him to give me his telephone
number. 64. The police ordered us to stop. 65. My boss expected me to be there at seven o’clock.
66. She told me to stay in the waiting room. 67. Do you want me to show you the way? 68. My
parents don’t want me to drink alcohol. 69. Please, remind me to call him later. 70. I don’t expect him
to tell the truth. 71. We expect you to do your best. 72. Mum reminded us to do our homework now.
73. Mrs Gordon told them to pay cash.
119
Verb + object + infinitive with or without “to”
Translate the following sentences using the infinitive with or without “to”!
High level:
74. Sie überredete ihre Freundin, es ihren Eltern nicht zu sagen.
75. Ihre Eltern können sie nicht zwingen, jemanden zu heiraten, den
sie nicht heiraten will.
76. Wir werden die Politiker veranlassen, mehr für unsere Umwelt zu
tun.
77. Ich hielt sie immer für eine gute Freundin. (consider)
78. Wir glaubten immer, dass er unschuldig ist. (innocent)
79. Ich erwarte, dass ihr eure Pflicht tun werdet. (duty)
80. Unser Englischlehrer lässt uns jeden Tag Vokabeln lernen.
81. Mein Deutschlehrer ließ mich die Aufgabe noch einmal schreiben.
82. Ich werde sie dazu bringen, ihre Hausübung sorgfältig zu machen.
83. Bringt ihn dazu, dem Tennisclub beizutreten! (join)
84. Wir können es nicht leiden, wenn er gelangweilt aussieht.
85. Ich möchte, dass ihr euch hier wohl fühlt.
86. Wir erwarten nicht, dass Sie uns bei der Hausübung helfen, aber
wir hätten es gern, wenn Sie mit uns Englisch sprächen.
87. Ich fühlte, dass jemand mich die ganze Zeit beobachtete.
88. Lass ihn mit uns Schifahren gehen!
89. Glaubst du, dass er Schauspieler ist?
90. Der Polizist ließ jedes Auto anhalten.
91. Wir hätten nie erwartet, dass sie die Prüfung bestehen würde.
92. Bitte, lassen Sie es mich wissen, wenn Sie nach England fahren!
93. Du musst versprechen, dass du das nicht wieder machst.
Solutions:
74. She persuaded her girlfriend not to tell her parents. 75. Her parents can’t force her to marry
somebody she doesn’t want to marry. 76. We’ll make the politicians do more for our environment. 77.
I always considered her to be a good friend. 78. We always believed him to be innocent. 79. I expect
you to do your duty. 80. Our English teacher makes us study vocabulary every day. 81. My German
teacher made me redo my homework. 82. I’ll get her to do her homework carefully. 83. Make him join
the tennis club! 84. We can’t stand him to look bored. 85. I’d like you to feel comfortable. 86. We
don’t expect you to help us with the homework, but we’d like you to speak English with us. 87. I felt
somebody watch me all the time. 88. Let him go skiing with us! 89. Do you believe him to be an
actor? 90. The policeman made every car stop. 91. We would never have expected her to pass the
examination. 92. Please let me know when you go to England! 93. You must promise not to do that
again.
120
The passive infinitive used with auxiliary verbs
Find the corresponding parts! Underline the passive infinitive!
Basic level:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
es sollte gelöst werden
er konnte nicht gerettet werden
es muss gelöst werden
es darf genommen werden
es sollte genommen werden
es muss genommen werden
es wird möglicherweise veröffentlicht werden
sie möchte gefragt werden
sie dürfen nicht gefüttert werden
es dürfte serviert werden
das muss gemacht werden
sie müssen geschrieben werden
sie können betrachtet werden
er konnte nicht gefunden werden
es braucht nicht gekocht werden
ihm muss geholfen werden
ihr muss unbedingt geholfen werden
sie müssen weggebracht werden
sie dürfen nicht gepflückt werden
es soll jetzt gefüttert werden
er muss gefragt werden
es darf nicht verkauft werden
sie wird wahrscheinlich verlassen werden
es soll gebaut werden
es könnte jetzt serviert werden
sie konnten nicht gefunden werden
it may be taken
they couldn’t be found
they mustn’t be fed
she may be left
it needn’t be cooked
he couldn’t be saved
it shall be built
he must be helped
they mustn’t be picked
they must be written
it shall be fed now
she wants to be asked
she ought to be helped
1. it should be solved
this must be done
it should be taken
he must be asked
it could be served now
it must be solved
he couldn’t be found
it mustn’t be sold
it must be taken
they must be taken away
it might be served
it may be published
they can be watched
Solutions:
4. – 26. – 9. – 23. – 15. – 2. – 24. – 16. – 19. – 12. – 20. – 8. – 17. – 1. – 11. – 5. – 21. – 25. – 3. – 14.
– 22. – 6. – 18. – 10. – 7. – 13.
121
Fill in the missing passive infinitives!
Intermediate level:
be solved – be served – be taken – be sold – be fed – be written – be corrected
27. Unfortunately our house must ………………………………………….
28. The animals in the zoo mustn’t ………………………………………..!
29. This riddle couldn’t ……………………………………….. by anybody!
30. Only two pills a day should …………………………………………….!
31. Dinner will ……………………………………………………… at eight.
32. All these letters must ……………………………………………. today.
33. Your tests must ………………………………………………. carefully.
be translated – be watered – be found – be helped – be renovated – be taken – be done
34. The missing children couldn’t ..……………………………. anywhere.
35. These flowers shouldn’t ……………………………….……every day!
36. This text must ……………………………………………... into French.
37. He is so poor. He must ………………………………………. at once!
38. This house shall …………………………………………….. next year.
39. That boy should …………….………………. to hospital immediately.
40. This homework must ……………………………………….. by Friday!
be cooked – be left – be answered – be sold – be tidied – be loved – be informed
41. This ham is ready to eat; it needn’t …………………………….….... .
42. This picture mustn’t …...…………………. It belongs to my grandma.
43. A lot of questions have to ……………………………………………..!
44. My little brother must …………………………………. He is so sweet!
45. I want to …………………………………………..………… alone now!
46. This room ought to ………………………………………… up at once!
47. They ought to ………………………..………………… immediately!
Solutions:
27. be sold 28. be fed 29. be solved 30. be taken 31. be served 32. be written 33. be corrected
34. be found 35. be watered 36. be translated 37. be helped 38. be renovated 39. be taken 40. be
done 41. be cooked 42. be sold 43. be answered 44. be loved 45. be left 46. be tidied 47. be
informed
122
Fill in the missing parts!
High level:
48. Be quiet! The boss ……..........................…….……………………..…
at the moment! (darf nicht gestört werden)
49. Lunch is ready ........................................……………….....................
(um serviert zu werden)
50. This house ........................................................................................
(musste abgerissen werden)
51. If you go on like this you ...................................................................
(dürftest du hinausgeworfen werden)
52. The house burned down. Nothing ……………………………………..
any more! (konnte getan werden)
53. These letters ................................................................. by Tuesday!
(sollten beantwortet werden)
54. The new shopping mall ..............……................................ in March.
(wird eröffnet werden)
55. The English examination was too difficult .........................................
(um bestanden zu werden)
56. The headmaster ..................……................................. immediately!
(sollte unbedingt informiert werden)
57. The apples ..............…………................................................... now.
(könnten gepflückt werden)
58. This water ...........……............................. without being boiled first!
(sollte nicht getrunken werden)
59. The film star ......................................................................................
(konnte nicht interviewt werden)
60. We all hope .........…………............................................ to her party.
(eingeladen zu werden)
61. The man went overboard and …..……………………………………..!
(war nicht mehr zu sehen)
62. Sue ………...........………...................................... all day.
(würde gern gelobt werden) (loben = praise)
63. Our dog .................................................. because he was too weak.
(musste erschossen werden)
64. This dress ....................…............…........... in the washing machine!
(sollte nicht gewaschen werden)
65. The exhibition ........………………..................................... till August.
(kann besichtigt werden) (besichtigen = view)
Solutions:
48. mustn’t be disturbed 49. to be served 50. had to be torn down 51. might be fired 52. could be
done 53. should be answered 54. will be opened 55. to be passed 56. ought to be informed 57.
could be picked 58. should not be drunk 59. couldn’t be interviewed 60. to be invited 61. was not to
be seen any more 62. would like to be praised 63. had to be shot 64. shouldn’t be washed 65. can
be viewed
123
The perfect infinitive used with auxiliary verbs
Match the two parts! Underline the perfect infinitive (have + 3rd form)!
Basic level:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
Er hat möglicherweise telefoniert.
He must have dreamt it!
Du hättest dich bei ihr bedanken sollen!
He might have written that!
Du kannst mich nicht gesehen haben!
You shouldn’t have given him anything!
Er muss es geträumt haben!
He could have climbed the mountain!
Das muss schrecklich gewesen sein!
He must have gone this way.
Sie hätte das nicht tragen brauchen!
They must have been lucky!
1. He may have telephoned.
Du hättest sofort gehen sollen!
Sie kann uns nicht verstanden haben!
It may have been her!
Du hättest ihm nichts geben sollen!
She shouldn’t have lied to me!
Er muss diesen Weg gegangen sein.
Somebody must have told you!
Sie hätte mich nicht anlügen sollen!
He should have repaired that!
Er kann es nicht gewesen sein!
She can’t have understood us!
Möglicherweise ist es sie gewesen!
I shouldn’t have done that!
Du hättest nichts mitbringen brauchen!
That must have been terrible!
Jemand muss es euch gesagt haben!
You should have thanked her!
Ihr müsst ihn gekannt haben!
We should have translated that!
Ich hätte das nicht tun sollen!
I needn’t have cooked so much!
Er hätte den Berg besteigen können!
She may not have come!
Wir hätten das übersetzen sollen!
She needn’t have carried that!
Du hättest nicht kommen brauchen!
You must have known him!
Er dürfte das geschrieben haben
They might have quarrelled!
Ich hätte nicht so viel kochen brauchen!
You can’t have seen me!
Sie dürften gestritten haben!
It can’t have been him!
Sie ist wahrscheinlich nicht gekommen
You needn’t have brought along anything!
Er hätte das reparieren sollen!
You needn’t have come!
Sie müssen Glück gehabt haben!
You should have gone at once!
Solutions:
4. – 21. – 9. – 18. – 10. – 26. – 1. – 13. – 11. – 15. – 25. – 8. – 17. – 5. – 2. – 19. – 22. – 24. – 6. – 16.
– 23. – 3. – 12. – 14. – 20. – 7.
124
Rewrite the following sentences by using the auxiliary + perfect infinitive!
Intermediate level:
27. It is possible that he called us while we were out.
28. Possibly a thief broke the window.
………………………………………………………………………………
29. It is possible that he didn’t understand the question!
………………………………………………………………………………
30. Possibly the plane was delayed by the stormy weather.
………………………………………………………………………………
31. It is possible that she read it in the newspaper.
………………………………………………………………………………
32. We gave him a tip, which wasn’t necessary.
33. You brought some wine, which wasn’t necessary.
………………………………………………………………………………
34. They learned the whole poem by heart, which wasn’t necessary!
………………………………………………………………………………
35. She brought it back the same day, which wasn’t necessary!
………………………………………………………………………………
36. He drove too fast, which was wrong!
37. I told him a lie, which was wrong!
………………………………………………………………………………
38. They laughed at her, which was not correct!
………………………………………………………………………………
39. We cheated during the test, which was not okay!
………………………………………………………………………………
Solutions:
28. A thief may / might have broken the window. 29. He may / might not have understood the
question! 30. The plane may / might have been delayed by the stormy weather. 31. She may / might
have read it in the newspaper. 33. You needn’t have brought any wine! 34. They needn’t have
learned the whole poem by heart! 35. She needn’t have brought it back the same day! 37. I shouldn’t
have told him a lie! 38. They shouldn’t have laughed at her! 39. We shouldn’t have cheated during
the test!
125
Rewrite the following sentences by using the auxiliary + perfect infinitive!
High level:
40. I think, Shakespeare (write) that play, but I’m not sure.
………………………………………………………………………………
41. It is possible that she (wait) under the wrong clock!
………………………………………………………………………………
42. She saved him from the burning house. She (be) very brave.
………………………………………………………………………………
43. His name (be) Jones, but I can’t remember.
………………………………………………………………………………
44. When I was young I (climb) that mountain, but now I’m too old.
………………………………………………………………………………
45. We (be) happy to see her, but she didn’t come.
………………………………………………………………………………
46. It is possible that they (forget) our appointment!
………………………………………………………………………………
47. They (renovate) the house, which wasn’t necessary!
………………………………………………………………………………
48. Betty (not find) my purse, she was not at school today.
………………………………………………………………………………
49. Tom (not give) you my telephone number, he doesn’t know it!
………………………………………………………………………………
50. Joseph (bring) the books, but he didn’t.
………………………………………………………………………………
51. Why didn’t you ask Liz? She (find) the mistake.
………………………………………………………………………………
Solutions:
40 Shakespeare might have written this play. 41. She might have been waiting under the wrong clock!
42. She must have been very brave! 43. His name may / might have been Jones. 44. When I was
young I could have climbed that mountain. 45. We would have been happy to see her. 46. They
might have forgotten our appointment. 47. They needn’t have renovated their house. 48. Betty can’t
have found my purse. 49. Tom can’t have given you my telephone number. 50. Joseph should have
brought the books. 51. She might have found the mistake.
126
Form meaningful answers!
High level:
52. Why isn’t he here?
(miss, train)
…………………………………………………………………………....….
53. She didn’t come to the party last night. (forget)
…………………………………………………………………………....….
54. No one has answered the phone! (they, go out)
…………………………………………………………………………....….
55. How on earth did the thief get in? (break, window)
…………………………………………………………………………...…..
56. How did they know about our plans? (guess)
…………………………………………………………………………....….
57. He didn’t seem surprised when I told him. (already, know)
…………………………………………………………………………….....
58. They should already be here! (lose, way)
…………………………………………………………………………....….
59. I haven’t seen our neighbours for a week! (go, on holiday)
…………………………………………………………………………....….
60. Why hasn’t she written to me? (forget)
…………………………………………………………………………...….
61. It’s strange that she didn’t say anything about her plans! (change her mind)
…………………………………………………………………………….....
62. He fell off his bike but he didn’t get hurt. (break, arm)
…………………………………………………………………………....….
63. I wonder why Kate didn’t come to the volleyball training. (be too tired)
…………………………………………………………………………....….
Solutions:
52. He may / might have missed the train. 53. She may / might have forgotten. 54. They might have
gone out. 55. He could / might have broken a window. 56. They could have guessed. 57. He may /
might already have known. 58. They may / might have lost their way. 59. They may / might have
gone on holiday. 60. She could / might / may have forgotten. 61. She might have changed her mind.
62. He could have broken his arm! 63. She might have been too tired.
127
Form meaningful sentences!
High level:
64. Yesterday old Mrs Jones was scared because there were strange
noises at the door. (should, call, police)
…………………………………………………………………………..….
65. I was very angry because my pocket calculator had disappeared!
(you, ask me, before, borrow)
………………………………………………………………………..…….
66. Last week our Latin teacher was angry. (you, study, new words)
…………………………………………………………………………..….
67. Yesterday Mr Hill ran out of petrol and had to walk five kilometres
to the nearest petrol station. (check, petrol tank)
…………………………………………………………………………..….
68. Bill couldn’t pay the taxi and had to walk. (not spend, so much money)
…………………………………………………………………………..….
69. Our neighbour was angry because we were so noisy. (you, invite him)
…………………………………………………………………………..….
70. He is sunburnt. (use, sun cream)
…………………………………………………………………………..….
71. After the party Mike had a car accident. (not drink, alcohol)
…………………………………………………………………………..….
72. Last night I had to stay at home because I didn’t have a car.
(I, give you a lift)
…………………………………………………………………………..….
73. I had a very boring evening at home yesterday. (you, go to cinema)
…………………………………………………………………………..….
74. Did you go to the concert last night? (we, go, decide, not to)
………………………………………………………………………..…….
Solutions:
64. She should have called the police! 65. You should have asked me before you borrowed it! 66.
You should have studied the new words! 67. He should have checked the petrol tank! 68. He
shouldn’t have spent so much money! 69. You should have invited him! 70. He should have used sun
cream. 71. He shouldn’t have drunk any alcohol! 72. I could have given you a lift! 73. You could
have gone to the cinema! 74. No, we could have gone but we decided not to.
128
The gerund
Das Gerundium
Das Gerund sieht aus wie das present
participle (-ing Form = verbal adjective), ist aber
ein hauptwörtlich gebrauchtes Verb
(= verbal noun)
a) Es wird einerseits wie ein Hauptwort verwendet:
als Subjekt oder als Objekt, es kann einen Artikel oder eine
Beifügung (pronouns, adjectives bzw. possessive case) bei sich haben.
Das Gerund steht nach Verben oder Adjektiven, die mit einer
Präposition verbunden sind, bzw. nach bestimmten Verben ohne
Präposition und nach bestimmten Redewendungen. (siehe Nebenseiten)
Examples:
Walking in the fresh air will do you good. Spazierengehen …. (Gerund als Subjekt ohne Artikel)
The howling of the wolves sounded terrible. Das Heulen … (Gerund als Subjekt mit Artikel)
We like reading. Wir lesen gerne. = Wir lieben das Lesen. (Gerund als Objekt)
Their quarrelling is ridiculous. Ihr Streiten ist lächerlich. (Gerund mit Possessive Adj..-Beifügung)
Jack’s writing looks better now. Jacks Handschrift … (Gerund mit Possessive Case-Beifügung)
This shouting must be stopped. Dieses Schreien … (Gerund mit Demonstrativpron.-Beifügung)
Woollen things need careful washing. … sorgfältiges Waschen! (Gerund mit Adjektiv-Beifügung)
We often think of going to America. Wir denken oft daran, nach Amerika zu gehen. (Gerund nach Verb)
I’m tired from running. Ich bin müde vom Laufen. (Gerund nach Adjektiv)
b) Andererseits hat das Gerund einen zeitwörtlichen Charakter
und kann Objekte und Adverbien bei sich haben.
Examples:
I don’t like buying Christmas presents.
Ich mag nicht gerne Weihnachtsgeschenke einkaufen.
(Gerund mit Objekt)
I hate walking slowly.
Ich hasse langsames Gehen. (Gerund mit Adverb)
Note the difference!
● Do you mind closing the window?
Macht es dir etwas aus, das Fenster zu schließen?
Gemeint ist: Du sollst es schließen!
● Do you mind me* / my* closing the window?
Macht es dir etwas aus, wenn ich das Fenster schließe?
Gemeint ist: Stört es dich, wenn ich das Fenster schließe?
* Moderne Alltagssprache: me
*Formeller Sprachgebrauch: my
129
The gerund
Das Gerundium
Es wird verwendet nach folgenden Verben:
admit*
advise
appreciate
avoid
consider
delay
deny*
endure
enjoy
escape
excuse
fancy
zugeben
raten, empfehlen
schätzen, anerkennen
vermeiden
in Betracht ziehen
verzögern, aufschieben
leugnen
ertragen, aushalten
genießen, gerne tun
entkommen
entschuldigen
sich vorstellen, sich einbilden
*(auch mit that- Satz möglich!)
beenden
finish
sich (bildlich) vorstellen
imagine
ausmachen
mind
verpassen, nicht schaffen
miss
verschieben, aufschieben
postpone
üben
practise
bedauern
regret*
widerstehen
resist
riskieren
risk
vorschlagen
suggest*
verstehen
understand
like** – und weitere auch mit Infinitiv! (siehe Seite 138)!)
Es wird verwendet nach folgenden Verben + Präpositionen:
accuse of
agree with
annoy by
apologize for
ask about
ask for
be against/for
begin by
believe in
benefit by/from
blame for
care about
complain about/of
concentrate on
confess to
congratulate on
cope with
count on
decide against
decide for/on
depend on
devote to
die of
dream of
escape (from)
forget about
forgive for
give sb. the job of
130
anklagen, beschuldigen
zustimmen
verärgern durch
sich entschuldigen für
sich erkundigen nach
bitten um, fragen nach
dagegen / dafür sein
beginnen mit
überzeugt sein von, glauben an
profitieren von / durch
jem. die Schuld geben an
sich kümmern um
klagen über, beklagen
sich konzentrieren auf
sich bekennen zu
gratulieren zu
fertig werden mit
zählen auf
sich gegen etw. entscheiden
sich für etw. entscheiden
abhängen von
widmen, sich opfern für
sterben an
träumen von
entkommen
vergessen
verzeihen
jem. beauftragen
give up
go on
insist on
keep (on)
leave off
look forward to
negotiate about
prevent from
protect from
put off
recognize by
rely on
save from
speak about
speak of
specialize in
spend on
stop (from)
succeed in
suspect of
take part in
talk about
tell off for
thank for
think of/about
use for
waste (on)
worry about
aufhören mit, aufgeben
weiter machen
bestehen auf
etw. dauernd tun, beibehalten
(Gewohnheit) aufgeben
sich freuen auf
verhandeln über
daran hindern, abhalten von
schützen vor
aufschieben
erkennen an
sich verlassen auf
bewahren vor
sprechen über
sprechen von
sich spezialisieren auf
ausgeben für
abhalten von
Erfolg haben bei, gelingen
verdächtigen
teilnehmen an
sprechen über
tadeln, schimpfen wegen
danken für
denken an, nachdenken über
verwenden für
verschwenden für
sich Sorgen machen wegen
The gerund
Das Gerundium
Es wird verwendet nach Adjektiven + Präpositionen: be …
accustomed to
afraid of
angry at / about
annoyed at / about
appropriate for
astonished at
bad at / in
capable of
charged with
clever at
crazy about
conscious of
disappointed at
famous for
far from
fed up with
fined for
fond of
glad about / at
good at
happy at / about
gewöhnt sein an
sich fürchten vor
zornig sein über
verärgert sein über
geeignet sein für
erstaunt sein über
schlecht sein bei / in
fähig sein zu
angeklagt werden wegen
begabt sein in
verrückt sein nach
sich bewusst sein
enttäuscht sein über
berühmt sein für
weit entfernt sein von
etw. satt haben
bestraft werden wegen
etwas gerne tun
froh sein über
gut sein in
erfreut sein über
impressed by
interested in
involved in
keen on
pleased at / about
proud of
ready for
responsible for
sad about / at
shocked about
sick of
sorry for / about
sure about
surprised at
thankful for
tired from
tired of
grow tired of
used to
get used to
wrong / right in
Es wird verwendet nach Nomen + Präpositionen:
advantage of
aversion to
chance of*
choice between
danger of
difficulty in
doubt at
experience in
Vorteil
Abneigung gegen
Chance
Wahl zwischen
Gefahr
Schwierigkeit bei
Zweifel an
Erfahrung in
gift of
idea of
opportunity of*
the point of
reason for
trouble in
way of
there’s no point in
beeindruckt sein von
interessiert sein an
verwickelt sein in
gierig sein auf
erfreut sein über
stolz sein auf
bereit sein zu
verantwortlich sein für
traurig sein wegen
schockiert sein wegen
es satt haben
Leid tun wegen
sicher sein wegen
erstaunt sein wegen
dankbar sein für
von etwas müde sein
etwas satt haben
die Lust verlieren an
gewöhnt sein an
sich gewöhnen an
(Un)recht haben
*(auch mit Infinitiv möglich)
Begabung für
Ahnung von
Gelegenheit zu
Zweck
Grund für
Schwierigkeit bei
Art und Weise
es hat keinen Sinn
Es wird verwendet nach gewissen Redewendungen:
it’s no good
it’s no use
can’t stand
can’t help
it is(n’t) worth
it is(n’t) fun
Gerund active
es hat keinen Sinn
es nützt nichts
nicht ertragen können
nicht anders können
es ist (nicht) wert
es macht (keinen) Spaß
present:
Gerund passive present:
How about …?
What about …?
be busy (with)
feel like
instead of
without
watching
being watched
perfect:
perfect:
Wie wäre es mit ...?
Wie wäre es mit ...?
beschäftigt sein mit
zumute sein
anstatt
ohne
having watched
having been watched
131
The gerund
Find the corresponding sentences!
Basic level:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
Rauchen ist nicht gesund!
I hate working in the garden.
Wir fahren gerne mit der U-Bahn.
We like watching football games.
Ich lese nicht gerne die Zeitung.
No smoking!
Ich hasse es, mit ihm spazieren zu gehen.
We are tired from walking around.
Wir schauen gerne Fußballspiele an.
I don’t like reading the newspaper.
Er spielt nicht gerne Fußball.
He’s afraid of being alone.
Ich hasse es, im Garten zu arbeiten.
I’m sorry for being late!
Isst du gerne Hamburgers?
She likes going to parties.
Sie geht gerne auf Partys.
I don’t feel like laughing.
Ich hasse es, Alkohol zu trinken.
He has difficulties in writing.
Rauchen verboten!
I hate going for a walk with him.
Mir ist nicht nach Lachen zu Mute.
I’m good at (playing) basketball!
Das ist seine Art zu denken.
We are ready for leaving!
Was hältst du davon, ins Kino zu gehen?
1. Smoking isn’t healthy.
Er hat Schwierigkeiten beim Schreiben.
Does he dream of being an actor?
Wir sind müde vom Wandern.
Are you interested in buying the car?
Wir sind bereit zum Abfahren!
We like going by underground.
Seid ihr interessiert, das Auto zu kaufen?
Give up smoking!
Träumt er davon, Schauspieler zu sein?
What about going to the cinema?
Er fürchtet sich davor, alleine zu sein.
I hate drinking alcohol.
Es tut mir leid, dass ich zu spät komme!
Stop telling lies!
Wir freuen uns auf euer Kommen!
He doesn’t like playing football.
Gib das Rauchen auf!
That’s his way of thinking.
Hör auf zu lügen!
Do you like (eating) hamburgers?
Ich bin gut im Basketballspielen!
She often dreams of winning the lottery.
Sie träumt oft davon, im Lotto zu
gewinnen.
We are looking forward to your coming
Solutions:
7. – 5. – 11. – 16. – 3. – 20. – 21. – 9. – 12. – 15. – 4. – 25. – 17. – 1. – 19. – 18. – 2. – 23. – 14. – 10.
– 24. – 6. – 13. – 8. – 26. – 22.
132
The gerund
Fill in the missing preposition (where necessary) and the gerund!
Intermediate level:
27. I’m very afraid
. (fly)
28. You shouldn’t be angry …………… his ………………. late. (be)
29. Are you disappointed ………….. her ……………..……. badly? (behave)
30. Mark enjoys ………………………………… to music. (listen)
31. We couldn’t risk ……………………………. the train. (miss)
32. Do you mind ………………………….. me the salt? (pass)
33. You must go ……………………………………. now! (work)
34. She wants to give …………………………………….! (smoke)
35. ……………………………. is my favourite hobby. (read)
36. Kathleen hasn’t got the gift …………………….…………… (talk)
37. He doesn’t mind …………………………….. overtime. (work)
38. Why don’t you practise …….....…………………… the recorder? (play)
39. We thanked our teacher …………….……………….…. so helpful. (be)
40. We couldn’t stop them / their ......…….…………………….. beer. (drink)
41. Tom insisted ………………………………….. the photos himself. (take)
42. Susan thought ………………...……………………….. a singer. (become)
43. I count …………. your …………..….………………… the apples. (pick)
44. Eve is very much interested ……………..……………………….. (swim)
45. Do you mind …………………………….. my questions? (answer)
46. Mum is looking forward ……………...…………………. in the sun. (lie)
47. We insist ……… you / your ………....………. the TV-set today! (repair)
48. The girls kept ………………….…………………..…. for the test. (revise)
49. He wasn’t interested ………………………..………. a motor-bike. (buy)
50. Keep ………………………………! (smile)
51. In England you must keep …………………………… on the left! (drive)
Solutions:
28. about – being 29. at – behaving 30. listening 31. missing 32. passing 33. on working 34. up
smoking 35. Reading 36. of talking 37. working 38. playing 39. for being 40. from drinking 41. on
taking 42. of / about becoming 43. on – picking 44. in swimming 45. answering 46. to lying 47. on –
repairing 48. on revising 49. in buying 50. smiling 51. driving
133
The gerund
Fill in the missing verb form, preposition or gerund!
High level:
52. Please, excuse him / his ………………….……….. so unfriendly! (sein)
53. I couldn’t …………………………… meeting him. (vermeiden)
54. You must ……………………………..……….. trying it. (dauernd tun)
55. ……………………………..………. crying over spilt milk. (Es hat keinen Sinn)
56. I’m ……………...…… meeting the same people every day. (es satt haben)
57. Do you ……………….…..…… smoking? (Macht es Ihnen etwas aus, wenn ich rauche?
58. In my opinion ………………………………… is very cruel. (das Fuchsjagen)
59. They enjoyed the freedom .................…….............. by horse-drawn
caravans. (des Reisens)
60. If a thing is …………………………………, it’s ………………... doing
well! (Wenn etwas wert ist getan zu werden, ist es wert, gut getan zu werden!) – proverb
61. We are very ………………………………………. English! (gut im Sprechen)
62. Sister Mary wasn’t ……………………………………. listening to her.
(interessiert daran)
63. Brian …..…….……… him / his being at the boarding school. (war gegen)
64. I knew she would ……………...….………………. the Blarney Stone.
(sprechen über das Küssen)
65. I wrote ……………………………. and ……………………. and never
……………………… me a chance ……………..…….……. anything.
(über ihr andauerndes Reden und mir nie eine Chance zu geben, etwas zu sagen)
66. They don’t ………………………..… their children learning anything!
(sich kümmern um)
67. The cook in this restaurant is famous ………………………………….
the best roast beef in town. (für das Zubereiten)
68. …………………..…………… opening the window? (Macht es Ihnen etwas aus)
69. We are very sorry …………… you / your ………...……..…. so early.
(wegen des Abreisens)
70. What’s the reason ……… him / his …….……………. so angry? (sein)
71. You’ll get used …………………....…………… school uniforms. (tragen)
Solutions:
52. being 53. avoid 54. keep on 55. It’s no use 56. tired of / fed up with 57. mind me / my 58. foxhunting 59. of travelling 60. worth doing – worth 61. good at speaking 62. interested in 63. was
against 64. talk about kissing 65. about her talking – talking – giving me a chance of saying / to say
anything 66. care about 67. for preparing 68. Do you mind 69. about – leaving 70. for – being 71.
to wearing
134
The gerund
Fill in the missing verb form, preposition or gerund!
High level:
72. We are fond ………………………..……….. in the play. (spielen)
73. The teachers are very glad ………… us / our ….…………… all the
examinations. (bestehen)
74. My brother was fined …………………….…………….. too fast. (fahren)
75. That’s his way ………………………………….. things! (tun)
76. They had the opportunity …..……………………….…. their favourite
pop star. (kennenlernen)
77. We rely ……… you / your …………………………. punctually! (kommen)
78. Don’t always complain ………………………… too much homework!
(bekommen)
79. She died ………………………………………… too much. (trinken)
80. He was suspected …………………………. the picture. (gestohlen zu haben)
81. I’m specialized ………………………………….…. computers. (reparieren)
82. The policeman prevented him ……….…...……….. down the bridge.
(springen)
83. I apologize ………………..……………………. you lies. (angelogen zu haben)
84. We are not used …………………………………… till midnight. (arbeiten)
85. I don’t like your way ………………………………………. me. (anschauen)
86. Let me congratulate you ………..………………………. your studies.
(beendet zu haben)
87. You have the choice …………………………. or ………………..……
this class. (mehr zu lernen – wiederholen)
88. Thank you …………..…………..…….….. me the opportunity …..….
…………..……. with you for such a long time. (gegeben zu haben – zu bleiben)
89. I ……………………………… laughing when I saw him. (konnte nicht anders)
90. I don’t feel ………..……………………….……… at the moment. (lernen)
Solutions:
72. of acting 73. about – passing 74. for driving 75. of doing 76. of getting to know 77. on – coming
78. about getting 79. of drinking 80. of having stolen (gerund perfect) 81. in repairing 82. from jumping
83. for having told (gerund perfect) 84. to working 85. of looking at 86. on having finished (gerund
perfect) 87. between studying more – repeating 88. for having given – of staying / to stay 89. couldn’t
help 90. like studying
135
The gerund
Fill in the missing verb form and preposition (where necessary)!
High level:
91. He ……………………………….. gambling. (gab auf)
92. Try ……………………………….. making her angry! (zu vermeiden)
93. …………………….………….. telling her again and again. (Es nützt nichts)
94. I ………………………. holding another meeting next week. (schlage vor)
95. She ………………….. speaking and sat down. (beendete)
96. He ……………………………. driving without lights. (wurde bestraft wegen)
97. It’s difficult to ……………………………….… eating with chopsticks.
(sich gewöhnen an)
98. You can’t make an omelette ……………….............................. eggs.
(ohne zu brechen) – proverb
99. We …...………………………..... hearing from you soon. (freuen uns darauf)
100. The prisoners …………………………….…… by sliding down ropes
made of blankets. (entkamen)
101. He ………………….. leaving Austria and going to America. (denkt daran)
102. If you listen to him, you ……..…..….… losing all your money! (riskierst)
103. Can you ………………..…. living with somebody who never ….…...
talking? (vorstellen – aufhört)
104. Is there anything here ……………………………………….? (kaufenswert)
105. He was ………………………………………… important documents.
(beschuldigt gestohlen zu haben)
106. Who ……………………………………………. to the dentist? (geht gerne)
107. ………….……………………………. taking your legs from my desk?
(Würde es Ihnen etwas ausmachen)
108. We ………….…………………….. finishing the job in time. (Es gelang uns)
109. I ………………………… working at the moment; ……......………….
going for a walk instead? (Mir ist nicht zumute – wie wäre es mit)
110. …………………………….…… complaining all the time. (Es hat keinen Sinn)
111. …………………………… convincing him that there was no danger.
(Es gelang mir, ihn zu überzeugen)
Solutions:
91. gave up 92. to avoid 93. It’s no use 94. suggest 95. finished 96. was fined for 97. get used to
98. without breaking 99. are looking forward to 100. escaped 101. is thinking of 102. risk 103.
imagine – stops 104. worth buying 105. accused of having stolen 106. enjoys / likes going 107.
Would you mind 108. succeeded in 109. don’t feel like – what about 110. There’s no point in / It’s no
good 111. I succeeded in
136
The gerund
Fill in the missing parts! Translate the sentences!
High level:
112. …………………….....………………………. a summary of that book.
(Ich erinnere mich, gelesen zu haben)
113. …………………………………………… their old car at a good price.
(Es gelang ihnen, zu verkaufen)
114. …………………………………………………… the children at home.
(Er bestand darauf, zu lassen)
115. …………………………………………………………………………….
(Wir verlassen uns darauf, dass ihr uns helft.)
116. …………………………………………………………………………….
(Er ist spezialisiert darauf, Häuser zu renovieren.)
117. ………………………………………………………….. with an accent.
(Du wirst ihn daran erkennen, dass er spricht.)
118. …………………………………………………………………………….
(Wir verwenden dieses Zimmer, um alte Dinge aufzubewahren.) (store)
119. …………………………………………………………………………….
(Kannst du deine Kinder nicht davon abhalten, ohne zu schauen über die Straße zu laufen?)
120. …………………………………………………………………………….
(Mach dir keine Gedanken darüber, dass er zu lange studiert.)
121. …………………………………………………………………………….
(Ich fürchte mich davor, auf eine Schlange zu treten.)
122. …………………………………………………………………………….
(Ein starker Sturm hielt uns davon ab, auszugehen.)
123. …………………………………………………………………………….
(Es tut uns Leid, euch warten gelassen zu haben.)
124. …………………………………………………………………………….
(Ich habe es satt, den ganzen Tag Übungen zu machen!.)
125. ………………………………………………………. when we are out.
(Unser Hund ist daran gewöhnt, eingesperrt zu sein!.) (passives Gerund!)
Solutions:
112. I remember having read 113. They succeeded in selling 114. He insisted on leaving 115. We
rely on your helping us / on you helping us. (spoken English) 116. He is specialized in renovating
houses. 117. You’ll recognize him by his speaking / him speaking (spoken English) 118. We use this
room for storing old things. 119. Can’t you keep your children from running across the road without
looking? 120. Don’t worry about his studying too long. / about him studying too long. (spoken English)
121. I’m afraid of stepping on a snake. 122. A big storm prevented us from going out. 123. We are
sorry for having kept you waiting. 124. I’m tired of / fed up with doing exercises all day long. 125. Our
dog is used to being locked in
137
The gerund
Translate these sentences!
High level:
126.
127.
128.
129.
130.
131.
132.
133.
134.
135.
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
142.
143.
144.
145.
Ich mache mir Sorgen, weil er so blass aussieht. (pale)
Sie ist fähig, ihre Mutter zu betrügen. (cheat)
Er wurde beschuldigt, das Haus angezündet zu haben. (set …. on fire)
Wir dachten daran, unsere Ferien in Griechenland zu verbringen.
Sie brauchen sich nicht zu ärgern, keine Karten bekommen zu
haben.
Machen sich deine Eltern keine Sorgen, wenn du alleine reist?
Ich bin es gewöhnt, alleine zu sein.
Wir verlieren die Lust, jeden Tag dasselbe zu tun.
Es gelang ihr nicht, einen Verleger für ihr Buch zu finden. (publisher)
Sie wurden davor bewahrt (gerettet), zu erfrieren. (freeze to death)
Die Krankheit meines Vaters hinderte mich daran, heuer in die
USA zu fahren.
Wir sprechen eben davon, uns einen Wachhund zu kaufen. (watch dog)
Sie bestand darauf, ein Taxi zu nehmen.
Können wir uns darauf verlassen, dass du die Türe absperrst?
Er ist imstande, seinen eigenen Namen zu vergessen!
Sie mögen es nicht, wenn ich im Wohnzimmer rauche.
Hast du die Zeitung fertig gelesen?
Hör auf, mich zu sekkieren! (tease)
Nun erinnere ich mich daran, schon hier gewesen zu sein.
Ich war erstaunt, dass er sich an meinen Namen erinnerte.
Solutions:
126. I’m worried about his looking / about him looking so pale. (spoken English) 127. She is capable of
cheating her mother. 128. He was accused of having set the house on fire. 129. We thought of
spending our holiday in Greece. 130. You need not be annoyed at / about not having got any tickets.
(gerund perfect verneint) 131. Don’t your parents worry about your travelling / about you travelling
alone? (spoken English) 132. I’m used to being alone. 133. We grow tired of doing the same thing
every day. 134. She didn’t succeed in finding a publisher for her book. 135. They were saved from
freezing to death. 136. My father’s illness prevented me from going to the USA this year. 137. We are
just talking about buying a watch dog. 138. She insisted on taking a taxi. 139. Can we rely on your
locking / on you locking the door? (spoken English) 140. He is capable of forgetting his own name! 141.
They don’t like my smoking / me smoking in the living-room (spoken English) 142. Have you finished
reading the newspaper? 143. Stop teasing me! 144. Now I remember having already been here
before. (gerund perfect) 145. I was astonished at his remembering / at him remembering my name
(spoken English)
138
Gerund or infinitive
Gerundium oder Infinitiv
Es gibt Verben und Phrasen, die sowohl in Verbindung
mit dem Gerund als auch mit dem Infinitiv verwendet
werden können (teils mit, teils ohne Bedeutungsunterschied):
Verb
mit Gerund
begin, start,
continue, intend
love, like,
dislike, hate,
prefer, allow,
permit, forbid,
advise
remember,
forget, regret
mean
kein Bedeutungsunterschied
It starts snowing.
Mark continues reading.
It starts to snow.
Mark continues to read.
allgemeine Aussage
spezielle Situation
I like swimming.
He hates learning.
They prefer paying at once.
Mum doesn’t allow smoking
in the living room.
She hated telling lies.
I like to swim in the sea.
He hates to learn Latin.
They’d prefer to pay now.
Mum doesn’t allow him to smoke
in the living room.
She hated to tell him that.
Sie hasste das Lügen.
Sie hasste es, ihm das zu sagen.
(unangenehme Situation)
ausgeführte Tätigkeit (vorbei)
Auftrag (ist zu erledigen)
He remembered putting the key
under the door mat.
He remembered to put the key
under the door mat.
Er erinnerte sich, dass er ... gelegt hatte.
Er dachte daran, dass er .... legen
musste.
bedeuten
beabsichtigen, wollen
This means working harder.
We didn’t mean to hurt you.
passive Bedeutung
aktive Bedeutung
Our house needs renovating.
You needn’t renovate the house.
Unser Haus muss renoviert werden.
Du musst nicht … renovieren.
aufhören etwas zu tun
stehen bleiben bzw. mit
etwas aufhören, um etwas
anderes zu tun
He stopped smoking.
He stopped to light a cigarette.
Er hörte zu rauchen auf.
Er gab das Rauchen auf.
Er blieb stehen, um sich eine Zigarette
anzuzünden.
weitermachen etwas zu tun
und dann, als Nächstes
She went on talking for hours.
She went on to talk about Jim.
Sie redete stundenlang weiter.
Dann fing sie an, über Jim zu reden
Tätigkeit ausprobieren
sich bemühen, versuchen
I have never tried parachuting.
Why don’t you try to eat less?
Ich habe nie den Versuch gemacht,
Fallschirm zu springen.
Warum versuchst du nicht, weniger zu
essen?
Das bedeutet, dass du härter arbeiten musst.
need
stop
go on
try
mit Infinitiv
Wir wollten dich nicht verletzen.
139
Gerund or Infinitive?
Find the appropriate translation!
Basic level:
1. We did our homework, then we went on to study the vocabulary.
2. Your car needs cleaning!
3. Why don’t you go on reading?
4. You needn’t clean the car today.
5. Please remember to bring the signed papers tomorrow!
6. Can you remember going to the concert at Christmas?
7. I’m afraid he will forget to buy bread and milk.
8. I’ll never forget buying my first car.
9. They stopped to eat a hamburger.
10. They stopped eating fast food after their holidays.
11. You must try to work more carefully!
12. He tried calling you several times.
13. Stop grumbling!
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
m)
Bitte, denkt daran, die unterschriebenen Papiere morgen zu bringen!
Er versuchte mehrere Male, dich anzurufen.
Ich befürchte, er wird vergessen, Brot und Milch zu kaufen.
Du musst versuchen, sorgfältiger zu arbeiten.
Dein Auto muss geputzt werden.
Wir machten unsere Hausübung und dann fingen wir an, die Vokabeln zu
lernen.
Ich werde nie vergessen, wie ich mein erstes Auto kaufte.
Nach den Ferien hörten sie auf, Fastfood zu essen.
Warum liest du nicht weiter?
Sie blieben stehen, um einen Hamburger zu essen.
Kannst du dich an das Konzert erinnern, zu dem du zu Weihnachten gingst?
Du musst das Auto nicht heute putzen.
Raunz nicht immerzu!
Solutions:
1.f) (und dann, als Nächstes) – 2.e) (passive Bedeutung) – 3.i) (weitermachen, etwas zu tun) – 4.l) (aktive Bedeutung) –
5.a) (= vergesst nicht zu bringen – bezieht sich auf die Zukunft) – 6.k) (= in Erinnerung rufen – bezieht sich auf die
Vergangenheit) – 7.c) (bezieht sich auf die Zukunft) – 8.g) (bezieht sich auf die Vergangenheit) – 9.j) (mit etwas
aufhören, um etwas anderes zu tun) – 10. h) (aufhören) – 11.d) (= sich bemühen) – 12.b) (den Versuch unternehmen) –
13.m) (aufhören)
140
Gerund or infinitive?
Find the appropriate translation!
Basic level:
14. She stopped to light a cigarette.
15. He continued weighing parcels while we asked him several
questions.
16. He answered our questions then he continued to weigh parcels.
17. I regret missing your son’s piano concert. (spoken English: I’m sorry that I missed …)
18. I regret to have to tell you of your son’s accident.
19. She went on asking me about my friend.
20. She went on to ask me about my friend.
21. Have you started writing your composition?
22. I prefer staying at home.
23. We intend going / to go to Australia next summer.
24. This bike needs cleaning.
25. She remembered feeding the budgies.
26. You needn’t clean your bike today.
n)
o)
p)
q)
r)
s)
t)
u)
v)
w)
x)
y)
z)
Sie fragte mich immer weiter über meinen Freund aus.
Es tut mir Leid, dass ich das Klavierkonzert deines Sohnes versäumte.
Hast du mit dem Schreiben deines Aufsatzes begonnen ?
Wir beabsichtigen, im nächsten Jahr nach Australien zu fahren.
Sie blieb stehen, um eine Zigarette anzuzünden.
Ich bedaure, Sie über den Unfall Ihres Sohnes informieren zu müssen.
Er beantwortete unsere Fragen, dann fuhr er fort, Pakete abzuwägen
Ich bleibe lieber zu Hause.
Er ließ sich durch unsere Fragen nicht beim Pakete Abwägen stören.
Dann fing sie an, mich über meinen Freund auszufragen.
Du musst dein Fahrrad nicht heute putzen!
Dieses Fahrrad muss geputzt werden.
Sie erinnerte sich daran, die Wellensittiche gefüttert zu haben.
Solutions:
14.r) – 15.v) (auch: he continued to weigh)– 16.t) (auch: he continued weighing) – 17.o) (bezieht sich auf die
Vergangenheit) - 18. s) (bezieht sich auf die Zukunft) – 19.n) – 20.w) – 21.p) (auch: to write) – 22.u) – 23.q) –
24.y) (passive Bedeutung) – 25.z) (bezieht sich auf die Vergangenheit) 26.x) (aktive Bedeutung)
141
Before doing this exercise repeat the “infinitive” and the “gerund rules”!
Intermediate level
27. We are tired of
grammar-rules every week. (study)
28. I don’t think he’s capable of ………………………… clearly. (think)
29. We expect you …………………..…….. your homework carefully. (do)
30. I can’t remember ………………………. the £ 5 note. (change)
31. I regret ……………………….……..…… you the letter in time. (not send)
32. We can’t afford …………………………… our house this year.
(renovate)
33. Have you decided yet what ………………………. tomorrow? (do)
34. Why not ……………. the rest of it tomorrow? (do)
35. It isn’t fun …………………………… after my little brother. (look)
36. Mike didn’t agree ………………………… a new car at once. (buy)
37. Dad didn’t agree with ………………...… his birthday in a restaurant.
(celebrate)
38. We hope ……………………….. you again soon. (see)
39. Imagine ……………………………. alone on a desert island! (live)
40. Joe and Ann happened ………..……………. in the fitness club. (meet)
41. ………………………….. stamps is my favourite hobby. (collect)
42. We’d like ……..….. dinner first and then ……..….. the film. (have – watch)
43. They won’t forget …………………….. the flowers. (water)
44. We learned how …………………………... the vocabulary best. (study)
45. She doesn’t enjoy …………………………... (dive)
46. I’m not very interested in …………………………. animal books. (read)
47. She didn’t forget …………………………….. the budgies. (feed)
48. The man didn’t hesitate …………………… into the cold water. (jump)
49. Can you imagine ………………….…. your wedding day? (forget)
50. I didn’t manage ………………………. there on time. (get)
Solutions:
28. thinking (p.131) 29. to do (AcI) (p.106) 30. changing (gewechselt zu haben – rückblickend) (p.139) 31. not
sending (nicht geschickt zu haben – rückblickend) (p.139) 32. to renovate (p.105) 33. to do (p.105) 34. do (p.107)
35. looking (p.131) 36. to buy (p.105) 37. celebrating (p.1130) 38. to see (p.105) 39. living (p.130) 40. to
meet (p.105) 41. Collecting (subject – p.125) 42. to have (p.105) – watch (2. Infinitive – p.107) 43. to water
(vorausblickend) (p.139) 44. to study (p.105) 45. diving (object – p.130) 46. reading (p.131) 47. to feed
(vorausblickend) (p.139) 48. to jump (p.105) 49. forgetting (p.130) 50. to get (p.105)
142
Intermediate level:
51. We’d like you ………………… our guest as long as you want. (be)
52. It’s no use …………………… him for more money. (ask)
53. Mum was against ……………………….. our old car. (sell)
54. Dorian seemed …………………. quite unhappy with Sharon. (be)
55. He offered ………………………. me home in his car. (take)
56. We’ll begin by ………………………….. the important things. (sort out)
57. They always believed in him ……..………… famous one day. (become)
58. They refused ………………………. overtime. (work)
59. You had better …………………… your mouth shut! (keep)
60. Dad warned them …………………………………… on the ice. (not step)
61. We decided on …………….………..…………… to another city. (move)
62. They planned …………………… jobs and ……………….. to Leeds.
(change – move)
63. I had no idea where ……………………. my car. (park)
64. I honestly didn’t want …………………. you. (hurt)
65. Mary dreams of ……………………………. a famous film star. (become)
66. She pretended …………………… ill. (be)
67. He will probably die of …………………………………. too much. (drink)
68. Nobody saw him …….…...... the room because nobody was in. (enter)
69. We suspected her of .....………….………….. the diamond ring. (steal)
70. Sorry, I’ve forgotten what ............................... ! (say)
71. She succeeded in ...............…………………................... me. (persuade)
72. They persuaded her .......................……. anybody about their plans.
(not tell)
73. I benefited a lot by ................................. English books. (read)
74. I often think of …………………………… him. (leave)
Solutions:
51. to be (p.106) 52. asking (p.131) 53. selling (p.130) 54. to be (p.105) 55. to take (p.105) 56. sorting out
(p.130) 57. becoming (p.130) 58. to work (p.105) 59. keep (p.107) 60. not to step (p.106) 61. moving (p.130)
62. to change (p.105) – move (2. Infinitiv – p.107) 63. to park (p.105) 64. to hurt (p.105) 65. becoming (p.130)
66. to be (p.105) 67. drinking (p.130) 68. enter (p.107) 69. stealing (p.130) 70. to say (p.105) 71.
persuading (p.130) 72. not to tell (p.106) 73. reading (p.130) 74. leaving (p.130)
143
High level:
75. He is capable of ……………………………..…….. his own dad. (cheat)
76. Were you told off for …...…………..…..…….. your homework? (not do)
77. The explorers succeeded in ……………..……….. a good guide. (find)
78. He is benefiting from ………….. the whole amount immediately. (pay)
79. You must concentrate on ………………..……… more carefully. (work)
80. We arranged ………………………..………. them at the station. (meet)
81. He made us …………………………………. faster. (work)
82. My boss often gives me the job of ….…………… speeches for him.
(write)
83. Let’s go home! It’s no use …………………………… any longer. (wait)
84. Mum warned him …………………….……………… the vase. (not touch)
85. She never complains of ............…………................... overtime. (work)
86. We can’t stand (hate) her …………………………….. like that. (behave)
87. She tried ………………… but they refused ………………….. to her.
(explain – listen)
88. We negotiated about ......….………....................... over his firm. (take)
89. She annoyed us by ……..…..…………………… during dinner. (smoke)
90. They were very sorry for ………………….…………. us waiting. (keep)
91. You are expected ………………..……………………. properly. (behave)
92. Would you mind ………….……. me how ………………… the safe?
(show – open)
93. He confessed to .......………....................... her friend. (be)
94. I’m beginning ………………..……………… what he means. (understand)
95. A passer-by prevented the young man from ……………..… suicide.
(commit suicide = Selbstmord begehen)
96. The boys like ……………… games but hate ………….… exercises.
(play – do)
Solutions:
75. cheating (p.131) 76. not doing (p.130) 77. finding (p.130) 78. paying (p.130) 79. working (p.130) 80. to
meet (p.105) 81. work (p.107) 82. writing (p.130) 83. waiting (p.131) 84. not to touch (p.106) 85. working
(p.130) 86. behaving (p.129, 139) 87. to explain (p.139) – to listen (p.105) 88. taking (p.130) 89. smoking
(p.130) 90. keeping (p.131) 91. to behave (p.105) 92. showing (p.130) – to open (p.105) 93. being (p.130)
94. to understand (p.139, aber: nur Infinitive-Lösung möglich, wenn ein Verb des Verstehens folgt!) 95.
committing (p.130) 96. playing – doing (p.139)
144
High level:
97. We regret ……………..………….. you that your application has not
arrived in time. (inform)
98. They congratulated me on …………………….. much younger than
I was. (look)
99. I was fined for …………..……… in a non parking area! (park) (Strafe zahlen)
100. Dad told me …………..……….………… to anybody about it. (not speak)
101. They couldn’t help ……………………...… about what you said. (laugh)
102. It depends on his ..............……................. successful. (be)
103. My parents don’t allow ………………………….…… in our flat. (smoke)
104. My parents don’t allow us ………….…..…………………. at all! (smoke)
105. Please go on ……….…………………. the homework books, I don’t
mind ……………………… (correct – wait)
106. We had to cope with …………………...…………. a lot of difficulties.
(overcome – überwinden)
107. They tried …………………………. us ……………….……… that flat.
(persuade – not rent)
108. The doctor is devoted to ……….………….…. children in Africa. (cure)
109. This floor needs …………………….! Do you want me ………………
that for you? (polish – arrange)
110. I can’t help …………..…………...… I caught a cold yesterday. (sneeze)
111. The doctor advised her ………………...……………...… . (give up – smoke)
112. Can I count on your ……………...…..………. punctual this time? (be)
113. He left the room without …………..…...…………..…….. a word. (say)
114. Macy is used to ………………………………. out all new words. (write)
115. My parents prevented me from ……………...……… a mistake. (make)
116. Would you mind my ………………………. the window? I don’t want
………………….…… a cold! (shut – catch)
117. Unfortunately we couldn’t protect him from ……………... injured. (be)
Solutions:
97. to inform (p.139) 98. looking (p.130) 99. parking (p.131) 100. not to speak (p.106) 101. laughing (p.131)
102. being (p.130) 103. smoking (p.139) 104. to smoke (p.106, 139) 105. correcting (p.130) – waiting (p.130)
106. overcoming (p.130) 107. to persuade (p.139) – not to rent (p.106) 108. curing (p.130) 109. polishing
(p.139) – to arrange (p.106) 110. sneezing (p.131) 111. to give up (p.106) smoking (p.130) 112. being
(p.130) 113. saying (p.131) 114. writing (p.131) 115. making (p.130) 116. shutting (p.129) – to catch (p.105)
117. being (p.130)
145
High level:
118. I advise you …………………….……………………. for a job at once
instead of ………………………… for years. (start – look – study)
119. …………………. in the sun is much more relaxing than …………….
mountains. (lie – climb)
120. He has an aversion to …………………….……… letters. He prefers
……………………. telephone calls. (write – make)
121. I’d prefer ………………………. the telephone call right now instead
of ……………….……….…. about it over again and again. (make – think)
122. They expect me …………………………… their offer at once but
there’s no point in …………………………. at all. (check – reply)
123. She postponed ……………………..….. a decision till it was too late
……………………… anything. (make – do)
124. We are looking forward to ……………..…….. you next summer. (see)
125. Imagine ………………………………… only at night! (have to work)
126. It’s no good ………….………………… for the missing people in this
weather. You had better ………………………… tomorrow morning!
(search – start)
127. That’s my way of ………………………..…………….. problems. (solve)
128. You forgot ………..…….………. the key under the door mat. That’s
why we had to wait outside instead of ……..….....……….. in. (put – go)
129. Please, don’t forget ………………..……….. the key under the door
mat or I’ll have …………………..……… till you come home. (put – wait)
130. At first I liked ………….……………. to his exciting stories but then I
grew tired of …….………..…… the same stories three times a day.
(listen – hear)
131. Don’t let us ……………………. too long! (wait)
132. I know my hair needs …………………….…….. but at the moment I
can’t afford ……………………… money on things like that. (cut – spend)
133. Try ………………………… about it! It isn’t worth ………….…………
about him. (forget – cry)
Solutions:
118. to start looking (p.106, 139 – ist besser als: to start to look!) – studying (p.131) 119. Lying – climbing (p.129)
120. writing (p.131) – making (p.139) 121. to make (p.139) – thinking (p.131) 122. to check (p.106) –
replying (p.131) 123. making (p.130) – to do (p.105 nach too + adj.) 124. seeing (p.130) 125. having (p.130) to
work (=arbeiten zu müssen) 126. searching (p.131) – start (p.107) 127. solving (p.131) 128. to put (p.139) –
going (p.131) 129. to put (p.139) – to wait (warten müssen) 130. listening (p.139) – hearing (p.131) 131. wait
(p.107) 132. cutting (p.139) – to spend (p.105) 133. to forget (p.139) – crying (p.131)
146
Choose a verb and fill in the correct form!
High level:
134. He doesn’t enjoy ………………………….. alone. He feels so lonely.
135. I’d love …………………………….. my friends in Australia. It’s a pity
it’s so far away.
136. Try ……………………….. this medicine. Maybe that will make you
feel better.
137. She’ll try …………………………. Jane, but she isn’t sure if she has
got the right number.
138. We love …………………….. in Austria. We wouldn’t like ..…………
anywhere else.
139. My dad wants a sports car, but mum would prefer ………………….
a family car.
140. Did you remember …………………… the garage door? If not you’ll
have to go back.
141. I can’t remember ……………………… the garage door. I must go
back and have a look.
142. He didn’t want to go to school so he pretended …………….……. ill.
143. I don’t want to go out every Saturday, I’d prefer ……………………..
at home this time.
144. I wish you wouldn’t smoke. You know that ………….………………..
is not healthy.
145. My husband never goes by aeroplane. He’s afraid of ……………….
146. Mary would like to become a secretary but her parents want ………
…………………………. to university.
147. Our teacher speaks English very fast. It’s difficult …………………..
him.
148. My parents expect ……………………...…. to church every Sunday,
but we hate ………………………….. so early.
149. There’s no point …………………….. about that bad mark on your
test. Try ………………………….…… more next time!
Solutions:
134. being (p.130) 135. to visit (p.139: Ich würde gerne besuchen) 136. taking (p.139: try – ausprobieren) 137. to
phone (p.139: try – den Versuch machen) 138. living (p.139: love – allgemeine Aussage) – to live (p.139: wouldn’t like –
Wunsch) 139. to buy (p.139: would prefer – Wunsch) 140. to close (p.139: Hast du nicht vergessen, das Garagentor
zuzumachen?) 141. closing (p.139: Ich kann mich nicht erinnern, ob ich das Garagentor zugemacht habe) 142. to be
(p.105) 143. to stay (p.139 – Wunsch) 144. smoking (p.129: Subjekt) 145. flying (p.131) 146. her to go (p.106)
147. to understand (p.105) 148. us to go (p.106) – getting up (p.139 allgemeine Aussage) 149. crying (p.131) –
to study (p.139: try – den Versuch machen)
147
Gerund: Shortening of sentences
Gerund: Verkürzung von Sätzen
Das Gerund verkürzt Gliedsätze,
• die das gleiche Subjekt haben
• die unterschiedliche Subjekte haben.
Dabei ändern sich die Bindewörter folgendermaßen:
Bindewort + Gliedsatz
that
when
after
before
but ... not
although
because
as
dass
als
nachdem
bevor
obwohl
weil
da
Bindewort + Gerund
--on
after
before
instead of
without
by
in spite of
because of
for / with / by
--als
nachdem
bevor
anstatt zu
ohne zu
indem
trotz
wegen
da, weil, dadurch dass
Examples:
I remembered that I had seen her in the library. (gleiches Subjekt)
I remembered having seen her in the library. (formelles Englisch)
I remembered seeing her in the library. (gesprochenes Englisch)
I remembered that he had seen her in the library. (unterschiedliche Subjekte)
I remembered his having seen her in the library. (formelles Englisch)
I remembered him seeing her in the library. (gesprochenes Englisch)
When Dad came home he heard about the accident. (gleiches Subjekt)
On coming home Dad heard about the accident.
Before I go to bed I lock the door.
Before going to bed I lock the door.
148
Die Seiten an dieser Stelle sind
in der Leseprobe nicht verfügbar.

Gerund or Infinitive?

Transcription

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