Workers’ rights When your job ends

Workers’ Rights
When your job ends
Your contract, award or agreement should state how
much notice you should give when resigning. If it is not
written down then, as a general rule, the notice period
should be at least equal to the pay period.
When your job ends
When a fixed contract is completed
There are many different ways that your job
may end and each way has different legal
requirements and implications.
A fixed contract is a contract of employment that
is ‘fixed’ for a certain period or for a particular
task or project. The contract should state the
termination date or circumstances in which the
contract is fulfilled.
Resigning
Your contract, award or agreement should state
how much notice you should give when resigning.
If it is not written down then, as a general rule,
the notice period should be at least equal to the
pay period. For example, an employee who is paid
fortnightly should provide at least two weeks
notice. If you are a casual employee, you are not
obliged to give any notice.
Sometimes people feel forced to resign. This may
be for various reasons, such as being subjected
to ongoing workplace bullying or discrimination.
These cases may be considered ‘constructive
dismissal’. In some cases an employer may not
say ‘you’re sacked’, but may still force you to leave
because of the things they say, do or fail to do.
Or they may direct you to resign or otherwise
you will be sacked. This is a complex area and it is
important that you get advice before you resign.
Once you leave it can be very difficult to make a
claim for unfair dismissal or unlawful termination
as you must be able to show that your employer’s
behaviour left you with no reasonable choice but
to resign.
Instant dismissals “on-the-spot”
If you are dismissed for serious misconduct you
are not entitled to any notice, or pay in lieu of
notice. The Fair Work Act 2009 defines serious
misconduct as including theft, fraud, committing
an assault, being intoxicated at work, behaving
in a way that causes serious and imminent risk
to the health and safety of a person or to the
reputation or viability of the business, or refusing
to carry out a lawful and reasonable instruction.
Your workplace agreement or policies may also
include definitions of serious misconduct. If
you are dismissed for serious misconduct you
may also lose your entitlement to pro-rata long
service leave.
1 WORKERS’ RIGHTS When
your job ends
When you are demoted
If you are demoted and the new position involves
a significant reduction in either pay or duties,
then it may be considered that you have been
dismissed. However, there are situations where a
demotion may not be classified as a dismissal, so
seek advice if this happens to you.
Winding-up of a business
If a company is in financial trouble, an
administrator may be appointed to report
on whether the company should continue to
operate or be put into liquidation. In some
cases, employees miss out on their entitlements
(wages, annual leave, etc.) because there are
insufficient funds to pay all of the creditors.
In order of creditor priority, employees come
after secured creditors such as banks, however
they come before unsecured creditors such as
company traders.
Before considering any offer by an administrator,
employees should seek independent advice
from an insolvency specialist or from a union
if they are a member. The Federal Government
has introduced a safety net scheme for
employees who would otherwise miss out on their
entitlements if the employer closed down. For
more information contact the General Employee
Entitlements and Redundancy Scheme. (The
Where to go for more help section of this fact
sheet provides contact details.)
Redundancy
If you lose your job because the job disappears
permanently, according to the law you are
considered to be redundant. This may happen
due to changing operational requirements,
the introduction of new technology, economic
downturns, company mergers, take-overs or
restructuring. Before making you redundant,
the employer should follow any consultation
requirements in your award or agreement. If
possible and reasonable your employer should
redeploy you to another position with the
employer or a related company. If you believe
that the redundancy is not genuine, for example
if the position still exists, or if you were not
redeployed and reasonably could have been, or if
the consultation requirements in your award or
agreement have not been followed, you may be
able to make a claim for unfair dismissal.
In addition to the employer giving you notice or
pay in lieu of notice, you may also be entitled
to severance pay. This is to compensate you
for the loss of benefits (such as accrued long
service leave) and for the inconvenience and
hardship caused by the loss of employment.
You should check your award or agreement for
a clause on redundancy payments, including
restrictions on when those payments apply.
For those not covered by any such clause, there
is an entitlement to redundancy pay under
the National Employment Standards. This
entitlement applies to all employees who have
been employed for at least one year, unless
they are employed by a small business with 15
or less staff. In general, casuals, employees on
fixed term contracts and employees on training
contracts are not entitled to redundancy pay.
However, you should note that unless you had
an entitlement to redundancy pay under an
award, agreement or contract of employment
as at 31 December 2009, only your service with
your employer from 1 January 2010 is counted
towards your National Employment Standards
(NES) redundancy entitlement. You may not be
entitled to redundancy pay if you are moving
from one employer to another in a transfer of
business situation (for example, your employer’s
business has been bought by another business
and you are going to work for the purchasing
business).
Workers’ Rights When your job ends
Termination entitlements under the National
Employment Standards:
If your employment is terminated, your employer
must follow due process. You are entitled to:
• a valid reason for the dismissal;
• a fair and transparent process leading up to
the dismissal;
• written notice of the date of termination
(unless you are a casual);
• wages due at the time of dismissal;
• a separation certificate (if your employer
refuses to provide one, contact Centrelink who
can obtain one);
• request to have a support person present at
discussions regarding the dismissal, which your
employer should not unreasonably deny.
Outstanding payments
As well as the entitlements above, if your
employment is terminated you are entitled to:
• payment for annual leave not taken;
• redundancy entitlements, if applicable;
• written notice or payment in lieu of notice (see
below); and
• depending on how long you have worked
with your employer, and depending on the
circumstances of your termination, you may be
entitled to payment for long service leave not
taken or pro-rata long service leave (unless, in
some cases, if you were dismissed for serious
misconduct).
If you are not paid your correct entitlements
and your employer will not agree to pay them,
you can make a complaint to the Fair Work
Ombudsman (FWO).
Period of continuous service
Redundancy
entitlement
at least 1 year, but less than 2 years
4 weeks
at least 2 years, but less than 3 years
6 weeks
at least 3 years, but less than 4 years
7 weeks
at least 4 years, but less than 5 years
8 weeks
at least 5 years, but less than 6 years
10 weeks
at least 6 years, but less than 7 years
11 weeks
at least 7 years, but less than 8 years
13 weeks
at least 8 years, but less than 9 years
14 weeks
at least 9 years, but less than 10 years
16 weeks
at least 10 years
12 weeks
If you are to be dismissed (other than for serious
and wilful misconduct), your employer must give
you the period of notice required by your award
or agreement, or pay you the equivalent in lieu of
notice. The amount of notice required depends
on how many years of continuous service and
any award or agreement provisions. If you were
absent from work, on leave, injury, or for any other
approved reason, your continuity of service should
not be affected. If you are a casual employee
check with FWO or your union if you are a member
to see how much notice you are entitled to. If
there is no award or agreement fixing minimum
periods of notice, then the following periods apply.
Years of service
Minimum period of notice
Up to one year
1 week
One to three years
2 weeks
Three to five years
3 weeks
Over five years
4 weeks
Employees over 45 years of age with at least two
years continuous service must be given an extra
week of notice. Some awards and employment
contracts contain longer notice periods. If you
are unsure, contact the FWO.
If your job was terminated and you did not
receive notice, or your pay in lieu of notice, then
you are eligible to lodge a complaint with the
FWO. If you are unsure, seek further advice. Time
limits apply for lodging complaints so don’t delay.
(The Where to go for more help section of this
fact sheet provides contact details.)
Trainees and Apprentices
The employment of trainees and apprentices is
regulated by the Training and Skills Development
Act 2003. A traineeship or apprenticeship can
only be terminated if the termination is approved
by the Training and Skills Commission. In most
cases approval requires the agreement of the
employer and the trainee/apprentice. An employer
or trainee/apprentice can apply to the Industrial
Relations Commission for termination of a
contract of training, or for a resolution if they
wish to dispute the termination of a contract of
training. Please note: Apprentices and Trainees
are not automatically excluded from notice of
termination by the NES because of the limited
duration of their training agreement. Notice of
termination may depend on the terms of the
employment contract. Care needs to be taken to
distinguish between the training agreement and
the contract of employment.
Where can I get more help?
Your union
SA Unions
Ph: (08) 8279 2222
www.saunions.org.au
Working Women’s Centre
Ph: 1800 652 697
www.wwc.org.au
1st Floor, Station Arcade
52 Hindley Street
Adelaide, SA, 5000
Legal Services Commission
Ph: 1300 366 424
www.lsc.sa.gov.au
82-98 Wakefield Street
Adelaide SA 5000
Young Workers Legal Service
Ph: (08) 8279 2233
www.ywls.org.au
Fair Work Australia (FWA)
Ph: 1300 799 675
www.fwa.gov.au
Level 6, Riverside Centre,
Nth Terrace, Adelaide, 5000
Fair Work Ombudsman (FWO)
Ph: 13 13 94
www.fairwork.gov.au
Level 2, 148 Frome St.
Adelaide SA, 5000
General Employee Entitlements
Redundancy Scheme Hotline
(GEERS)
Ph: 1300 135 040 (for claims
against insolvent companies)
www.deewr.gov.au
Traineeship and
Apprenticeship Services
Ph: 1800 673 097
www.dfeest.sa.gov.au
Telephone Interpreter Service
Ph: 13 14 50
Legal disclaimer: The Fair Work Ombudsman (FWO) is committed to providing useful, reliable information to help you understand your rights and obligations under workplace laws. The information
contained in this publication is: general in nature and may not deal with all aspects of the law that are relevant to your specific situation; and not legal advice. Therefore, you may wish to seek
independent professional advice to ensure all the factors relevant to your circumstances have been properly considered. This information was published on 8 June 2011. The FWO does not accept
legal liability arising from or connected to the accuracy, reliability, currency or completeness of this information. This material has been funded by the Australian Government through a Fair Work
Ombudsman initiative to produce educative materials on the Fair Work Act.
2 WORKERS’ RIGHTS When
your job ends